text:
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text:
Charges are pending against three people arrested after a mugging early Thursday in the South Loop, the latest in a series of strong-armed robberies that prompted a community alert for the Near South Side neighborhood.
Two men and a woman were arrested by a Belmont Area mission team early Thursday and felony charges are pending after they allegedly knocked down and
robbed a 27-year-old woman at 12:30 a.m. at 1439 S. Prairie Ave., according to Central District police Lt. Robert Klich.
Thursday, July 14, 2011
Sun-Times: Two men, one woman in custody
47 comments:
Yay! Thank you detectives.
My only question is why Belmont area detectives are handing incidents in the 001st police district. Back in my days, 001 was in Area 4 at Harrison and Kedzie, not in Area 3 at Belmont and Western. - July 14, 2011 at 6:47 PM
Isn't there a police station a stone's throw away from where these crimes have occurred? Ridiculous. Where have the f*cking police been?
- July 14, 2011 at 6:59 PM
Fine work police officers! Unlike most of the posters in the previous thread I never doubted you.
You have a tough job and it never ends. - July 14, 2011 at 7:01 PM
I am a elderly person living in
SL. I appreciate the work done by
CPD. It is the team work that counts. Keep up the good work.
I say thank you. - July 14, 2011 at 8:19 PM
I want descriptions and addreses of the perps. We need to know who is infiltrating this fine neighborhood and where they are coming from.
- July 14, 2011 at 9:35 PM
I think we need to continue to be aware in the Sloop! I think the more proactive we are the better our neighborhood will be...
- July 14, 2011 at 9:44 PM
Addresses and descriptions please. I would also like to know if these "honors students" (becuase you know that is coming) have relatives or friends "renting," on the public dime, in the sloop. Particularly in my building.
I have read some of the posts over the past couple days about how low income renters started the downfall/decay of certain neighborhoods and communities. I can tell you that I have noticed this in a major way in my building alone over the past 30 months.
Makes. Me. Sick. - July 14, 2011 at 9:53 PM
Where have the Police Been? Are you kidding me? There are 2.8 million people in this city. You think there is a cop on every corner?
They caught these perps pretty quickly. - July 14, 2011 at 10:06 PM
"I want descriptions and addreses of the perps. We need to know who is infiltrating this fine neighborhood and where they are coming from."
pffffffft! I would guess they are coming from just south of us. - July 15, 2011 at 1:18 AM
I've noticed that the police presence the past week in the S. Loop, especially on Indiana/Prairie has been much greater than a month or so ago. I'm glad to see it. Do we know if the 3 people in custody for the Thursday morning incident were responsible for other incidents? I'm taking these incidents as a reminder that I live in a large city and that anything can happen at any time. I hope that there will still be a continued police presence for a long time to come.
- July 15, 2011 at 8:55 AM
Now if we could only fix the problem of low income renters... they are destroying everything! And they are ALL guilty of ruining our vanilla-lives... maybe we should put them in subsidized high-rise apartment buildings? - July 15, 2011 at 9:39 AM
Looks like Daley's security detail that was always parked on Indiana Ave. was keeping more than just the mayor safe.
- July 15, 2011 at 10:32 AM
Just for clarification. When everyone mentions "low rent" tenants in your building are you referring to section eight?
If so why doesn't your condo association accept vouchers or why is the rent so low in your buildings for the fair market. I really do sympathize with everyone in that situation - July 15, 2011 at 1:01 PM
They charged three jerks for these robberies. - July 15, 2011 at 9:32 PM
Looks like they're into Coldplay - July 15, 2011 at 10:45 PM
The three animals charged in the strong arm robberies are due in court on July 21st. I highly urge all neighborhood residents to appear.
To answer earlier requests: the Tribune has posted their names, photos, and addresses. All three are 21 or under, black, and live just south of the sloop (shocker!) in either Englewood or Bronzeville. - July 16, 2011 at 2:26 AM
I notice a good amount of low-income tenants in my building too. Please don't tell me your in the building 1620 on Michigan?
- July 16, 2011 at 3:33 PM
I've lived in buildings with Section 8 housing. Please don't lump all low-income tenants together; most poor people are not criminals. (Why do I even have to say this?)
- July 16, 2011 at 11:37 PM
" I'm taking these incidents as a reminder that I live in a large city and that anything can happen at any time. "
I hope that was sarcasm .... but I fear not. - July 17, 2011 at 8:48 AM
Is it so wrong that I don't want gang bangers and serial muggers attempting to END my VANILLA life?
I will never comprehend the people on the blog that trash the heck out of those of us demanding safety and civility. - July 17, 2011 at 12:55 PM
More South Loop violence..per Tribune
Man on crutches charged in shooting
A Chicago man who prosecutors allege hobbled towards his neighbors on a pair of crutches before pulling out a handgun, aiming at them and opening fire is being held in Cook County Jail after a judge set his bail at $400,000 today.
Johnathon D. Jones, 31, of the 2100 block of South Michigan Avenue, is charged with six counts of assault with a firearm for shooting at a neighbor and her two daughters in the parking lot of their apartment building on Friday morning, according to court records. No one was injured in the incident.
Surveillance video footage shows Jones shuffle into the parking lot and rest his crutches against a wall before producing the handgun from underneath his shirt, records state. After he was done shooting, he tucked the crutches back under his arms and fled the scene, authorities said. - July 17, 2011 at 4:14 PM
Ah, yes. The "non-projects" at 21st and Michigan. Home to Chicago's "honor roll" students and their hard working families. Sigh.
- July 17, 2011 at 6:54 PM
Can we get a description and/or link to a photo of Mr. Jones? Considering he is a "neighbor," for safety sake I'd like to know who to avoid. Thanks!
- July 17, 2011 at 7:14 PM
here is the link. - July 17, 2011 at 9:44 PM
the Tribune has a photo with the story here. http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/chi-man-on-crutches-charged-in-shooting-20110717,0,4172219.story#tugs_story_display
- July 17, 2011 at 10:08 PM
Was there ever a stronger argument to support everyone who keeps harping that the south loop will never realize its true potential as long as it is anchored by all the projects along the Cermak corridor? Having a "neighbor" who would open fire on a mom and her 2 young kids is less than appealling to most folks and business owners.
- July 18, 2011 at 9:27 AM
Any update from the court hearing for these three animals which was set on July 21st? Were they released? Still behind bars? I'm a little shocked/disappointed that there wasn't an update on this blog following the hearing on 7/21, considering this topic was one of the most "commented upon" topics ever on this blog.
Or are we back to looking at our neighborhood with blinders on again? - July 27, 2011 at 4:55 PM
If you want an update, go to the court hearing and provide us with one. You can't possibly expect Sloopin' to follow up on every shithead that gets arrested in the South Loop. It has nothing to do with "blinders" and everything to do with "waste of time."
- July 28, 2011 at 8:22 AM
Sorry for thinking public safety and well-being is a "waste of time"?
Want to know what's a waste of time?: standing outside a bar/pub taking pictures of every little movement and obsessing over the opening date. - July 28, 2011 at 3:57 PM
It wasn't exactly the crime(s) of the century. And I imagine the author of this blog has a job (blogging rarely pays the bills son), so if you're so concerned about these "animals", take the initiative. To your other point, I actually am much more interested as to where I can get a good drink than some knucklehead who is already in custody. What are we going to do, mob the courtroom demanding justice? I'll save that for the scores of kids killed this year.
- July 28, 2011 at 4:30 PM
- MarkChicago said...
@ Paranoid Anon.
I assume most are on this blog to hear updates on restaurants, residential, and retail...maybe a fest or two?
Writing about 18-25 year old, 5'10"-6'3", 190-220lb animals wearing hoodies has to get old after a while. Leave it to the Trib or some Neighborhood Moms site. - July 28, 2011 at 6:45 PM
Wow. You people just do not get it! If you want more dining and commercial entities to open in the sloop, then the threat of crime and violence must be quelled. Whether you like it or not, there is a direct correlation between the high number of break ins and muggings in this neighborhood and the lack of dining and commercial options. It's simply smart business. No business owner is going to venture into uncharterted territory like the south loop if he thinks it's a high crime area (which is what most all people north of Randoplh think!). Thus, finding out if the "animals" who thrust our neighborhood into the spotlight in a negative way earlier this month are behind bars or are back in the hood is pretty darn relevant!!!
- July 30, 2011 at 7:44 AM
I disagree.
Both Dunkin Donuts and Subway are global Fortune 500 brands and they each have multiple locations in this neighborhood. - August 1, 2011 at 10:06 AM
@anon 7:44 AM--- Have any numbers to back up "high number of break ins and muggings in this neighborhood" ? A few random crimes is only anecdotal evidence ...
- August 1, 2011 at 5:31 PM
Looking for numbers to support the claim that there has been an uptick in break-ins and muggings?: talk to the president of any HOA in the sloop (especially @ buildings with renters); read any blog; watch any of our local newscasts; read the Trib or Sun-Times; etc.
- August 2, 2011 at 8:18 PM
Anon @ 8:18 PM, what we need are statistics, not random, anecdotal evidence.
- August 3, 2011 at 6:48 AM
The CPD's stats show crime is down from last year in our district, District 1, the last chart on the page.
http://blogs.wttw.com/moreonthestory/files/2011/07/YearToDate_CrimeStatistics_May111.pdf - August 3, 2011 at 7:20 AM
"Looking for numbers to support the claim that there has been an uptick in break-ins and muggings?"
Crimes get tracked, so you could just compare stats from this year to past years... but you rather prefer to get hyped up by the media. - August 3, 2011 at 9:31 AM
" talk to the president of any HOA in the sloop (especially @ buildings with renters); read any blog; watch any of our local newscasts; read the Trib or Sun-Times; etc."
Wow, this is what passes for evidence of an uptick? It just as smartly passes for evidence of slow news days, or the need to drive newspaper sales, or the personality issues of individual HOA presidents. Show us real stats -- such as the stats from CPD (showing a downturn) and we'll be convinced of your paranoia. In the meantime, my family and I will enjoy living in the big (scary) city. - August 3, 2011 at 12:27 PM
To those of you scoffing at those of us who complain about "petty NIMBY crimes," I highly recommend reading the two-page feature story in today's Tribune (pp 6-7) about an uptick in gang violence in Kenwood/Bronzeville/Hyde Park. Look what "NIMBY stuff" has escalted to in these neighborhoods. These animals have taken over Englewood, Chatham, Gresham, and have moved north onto Bronzeville, Kenwood, and Hyde Park. Guess what neighborhood is next?
- August 3, 2011 at 3:27 PM
Oh my troll. I read the article, and you can't create a more wobbly strawman argument than to equate a few push down muggings with an "uptick in gang violence". No one is saying we want muggings IMBY, but I'm certainly not living in fear (and taking time to attend court dates for petty crime) because a couple idiots had a 1 week run and got caught (again, good work CPD!).
- August 3, 2011 at 10:59 PM
oh you are SO right. THEY are coming for us!!! AHHHHHHHH!
- August 4, 2011 at 7:58 AM
"about an uptick in gang violence in Kenwood/Bronzeville/Hyde Park."
You must be new to town. Those places are paradises compared to what they used to be, especially Bronzeville.
The guys doing the muggings in the sloop were swiftly arrested. What more do you want? Shoot all minorities on sight?
And nimby shit is in reference to people complaining about dogs barking in a dog park, etc... not crime. - August 4, 2011 at 8:45 AM
Sadly, right on que, a 13-yr-old was shot and murdered in a drive-by shooting yesterday afternoon, in broad daylight, while playing basketball with friends in Bronzeville. For those of you unfamiliar with the location of Bronzeville, it happens to start just south of McCormick Place, and boarders the Sloop.
- August 4, 2011 at 12:32 PM
Anonymous 8/4 12:32 PM, this happened 20 blocks away from the South Loop border you mention. Would you come on and report a shooting had it happened in the Loop/Gold Coast?
- August 4, 2011 at 1:28 PM
For those of you unfamiliar with the former location of Cabrini Greene, it bordered Old Town and Gold Coast. Boy, what an apocalyptic vision those two hoods have become. To put it another way, the poor boy was shot in Metcalfe Park -- at least 4 miles from the South Loop. Using the Bronzeville Troll's math, we should also be concerned about shootings in Lawndale and Old Town! Geez.
- August 4, 2011 at 1:51 PM
Cabrini Green was demolished for a reason. And we all know what part of town the majority of those displaced residents ended up in.
- August 4, 2011 at 3:30 PM

subset: commoncrawl


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Constitution of Georgia
The date of the Constitution of Georgia was February 5, 1777. The Constitution of Georgia addressed the provision of self-government in the new state following the Declaration of Independence that was signed on July 4, 1776, by the congressional representatives of the 13 Colonies of Colonial America.
This article provides the words and text of the Constitution of Georgia. For additional facts and information about this subject please read one of the following articles:
History of the first 13 Colonies, Colonial Government and Congress
The Constitution of Georgia addressed the provision of self-government in the new state
Constitution of Georgia Text and Words: The date of the Constitution of Georgia was February 5, 1777.
Constitution of Georgia(February 5, 1777)
Constitution of Georgia; February 5, 1777Whereas the conduct of the legislature of Great Britain for many years past has been so oppressive on the people of America that of late years they have plainly declared and asserted a right to raise taxes upon the people of America, and to make laws to bind them in all cases whatsoever, without their consent; which conduct, being repugnant to the common rights of mankind, hath obliged the Americans, as freemen, to oppose such oppressive measures, and to assert the rights and privileges they are entitled to by the laws of nature and reason; and accordingly it hath been done by the general consent of all the people of the States of New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, the counties of New Castle, Kent, and Sussex on Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, given by their representatives met together in general Congress, in the city of Philadelphia; And whereas it hath been recommended by the said Congress, on the fifteenth of May last, to the respective assemblies and conventions of the United States, where no government, sufficient to the exigencies of their affairs, hath been hitherto established, to adopt such government as may, in the opinion of the representatives of the people, best conduce to the happiness and safety of their constituents in particular and America in general; And whereas the independence of the United States of America has been also declared, on the fourth day of July, one thousand seven hundred and seventy-six, by the said honorable Congress, and all political connection between them and the Crown of Great Britain is in consequence thereof dissolved: We, therefore, the representatives of the people, from whom all power originates, and for whose benefit all government is intended, by virtue of the power delegated to us, do ordain and declare, and it IS hereby ordained and declared, that the following rules and regulations be adopted for the future government of this State: ARTICLE I. The legislative, executive, and judiciary departments shall be separate and distinct, so that neither exercise the powers properly belonging to the other. ART. II. The legislature of this State shall be composed of the representatives of the people, as is hereinafter pointed out; and the representatives shall be elected yearly, and every year, on the first Tuesday in December; and the representatives so elected shall meet the first Tuesday in January following, at Savannah, or any other place or places where the house of assembly for the time being shall direct. On the first day of the meeting of the representatives so chosen, they shall proceed to the choice of a governor, who shall be styled "honorable;" and of an executive council, by ballot out of their own body, viz: two from each county, except those counties which are not yet entitled to send ten members. One of each county shall allways attend, where the governor resides, by monthly rotation, unless the members of each county agree for a longer or shorter period. This is not intended to exclude either member attending. The remaining number of representatives shall be called the house of assembly; and the majority of the members of the said house shall have power to proceed on business. ART. III. It shall be an unalterable rule that the house of assembly shall expire and be at an end, yearly and every year, on the day preceding the day of election mentioned in the foregoing rule. ART. IV. The representation shall be divided in the following manner: ten members from each county, as is hereinafter directed, except the county of Liberty, which contains three parishes, and that shall be allowed fourteen. The ceded lands north of Ogechee shall be one county, and known by the name of Wilkes. The parish of Saint Paul shall be another county, and known by the name of Richmond. The parish of Saint George shall be another county, and known by the name of Burke. The parish of Saint Matthew, and the upper part of Saint Philip, above Canouchee, shall be another county, and known by the name of Eflingham. The parish of Christ Church, and the lower part of Saint Philip, below Canouchee, shall be another county, and known by the name of Chatham. The parishes of Saint John, Saint Andrew, and Saint James shall be another county, and known by the name of Liberty. The parishes of Saint David and Saint Patrick shall be another county, and known by the name of Glynn.
The parishes of Saint Thomas and Saint Mary shall be another county, and known by the name of Camden. The port and town of Savannah shall be allowed four members to represent their trade. The port and town of Sunbury shall be allowed two members to represent their trade. ART. V. The two counties of Glynn and Camden shall have one representative each, and also they, and all other counties that may hereafter be laid out by the house of assembly, shall be under the following regulations, VIZ: at their first institution each county shall have one member, provided the inhabitants of the said county shall have ten electors; and if thirty, they shall have two; if forty, three; if fifty, four; if eighty, six; if a hundred and upward, ten; at which time two executive councillors shall be chosen from them, as is directed for the other counties. ART. VI. The representatives shall be chosen out of the residents in each county, who shall have resided at least twelve months in this State, and three months in the county where they shall be elected; except the freeholders of the counties of Glynn and Camden, who are in a state of alarm, and who shall have the liberty of choosing one member each, as specified in the articles of this constitution, in any other county, until they have residents sufficient to qualify them for more; and they shall be of the Protestent religion, and of the age of twenty-one years, and shall be possessed in their own right of two hundred and fifty acres of land, or some property to the amount of two hundred and fifty pounds. ART. VII. The house of assembly shall have power to make such laws and regulations as may be conducive to the good order and wellbeing of the State; provided such laws and regulations be not repugnant to the true intent and meaning of any rule or regulation contained In this constitution. The house of assembly shall also have power to repeal all laws and ordinances they find injurious to the people; and the house shall choose its own speaker, appoint its own officers, settle its own rules of proceeding, and direct writs of election for supplying intermediate vacancies, and shall have power of adjournment to any time or times within the year. ART. VIII. All laws and ordinances shall be three times read, and each reading shall be on different and separate days, except in cases of great necessity and danger; and all laws and ordinances shall be sent to the executive council after the second reading, for their perusal and advice. ART. IX. All male white inhabitants, of the age of twenty-one years, and possessed in his own right of ten pounds value, and liable to pay tax in this State, or being of any mechanic trade, and shall have been resident six months in this State, shall have a right to vote at all elections for representatives, or any other officers, herein agreed to be chosen by the people at large; and every person having a right to vote at any election shall vote by ballot personally. ART. X. No officer whatever shall serve any process, or give any other hinderances to any person entitled to vote, either in going to the place of election' or during the time of the said election, or on their returning home from such election; nor shall any military officer, or soldier, appear at any election in a military character, to the intent that all elections may be free and open. ART. XI. No person shall be entitled to more than one vote, which shall be given in the county where such person resides, except as before excepted; nor shall any person who holds any title of nobility lie entitled to a vote, or be capable of serving as a representative, or hold any post of honor, profit, or trust in this State, whilst such person claims his title of nobility; but if the person shall give up such distinction, in the manner as may be directed by any future legislation, then, and in such case, he shall be entitled to a vote, and represent, as before directed, and enjoy all the other benefits of a free citizen. ART. XII. Every person absenting himself from an election, and shall neglect to give in his or their ballot at such election, shall be subject to a penalty not exceeding five pounds; the mode of recovery and also the appropriation thereof, to be pointed out and directed by act of the legislature: Provided, nevertheless, That a reasonable excuse shall be admitted. ART. XIII. The manner of electing representatives shall be by ballot, and shall be taken by two or more justices of the peace in each county, who shall provide a convenient box for receiving the said ballots: and, on closing the poll, the ballots shall be compared in public with the list of votes that have been taken, and the majority immediately declared; a certificate of the same being given to the persons elected, and also a certificate returned to the house of representatives. ART. XIV. Every person entitled to vote shall take the following oath or affirmation, if required, viz: " I, A B. do voluntarily and solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case may be) that I do owe true allegiance to this State, and will support the constitution thereof; so help me God."
ART. XV. Any five of the representatives elected, as before directed, being met, shall have power to administer the following oath to each other; and they, or any other member, being so sworn, shall, in the house, administer the oath to all other members that attend, in order to qualify them to take their seats, viz: " I, A B. do solemnly swear that I will bear true allegiance to the State of Georgia, and will truly perform the trusts reposed in me; and that I will execute the same to the best of my knowledge, for the benefit of this State, and the support of the constitution thereof, and that I have obtained my election without fraud or bribe whatever; so help me God." ART. XVI. The continental delegates shall be appointed annually by ballot, and shall have a right to sit, debate, and vote in the house of assembly, and be deemed a part thereof, subject, however, to the regulations contained in the twelfth article of the Confederation of the United States. ART. XVII. No person bearing any post of profit under this State, or any person bearing any military commission under this or any other State or States, except officers of the militia, shall be elected a representative. And if any representative shall be appointed to any place of profit or military commission, which he shall accept, his seat shall immediately become vacant, and he shall be incapable of reelection whilst holding such office. By this article it is not to be understood that the office of a justice of the peace is a post of profit. ART. XVIII. No person shall hold more than one office of profit under this State at one and the same time. ART. XIX. The governor shall, with the advice of the executive council, exercise the executive powers of government, according to the laws of this State and the constitution thereof, save only in the case of pardons and remission of fines, which he shall in no instance grant; but he may reprieve a criminal, or suspend a fine, until the meeting of the assembly, who may determine therein as they shall Judge fit. ART. XX. The governor, with the advice of the executive council, shall have power to call the house of assembly together, upon any emergency, before the time which they stand adjourned to. ART. XXI. The governor, with the advice of the executive council shall fill up all intermediate vacancies that shall happen in offices till the next general election; and all commissions, civil and military, shall be issued by the governor, under his hand and the great seal of the State. ART. XXII. The governor may preside in the executive council at all times, except when they are taking into consideration and perusing the laws and ordinances offered to them by the house of assembly. ART. XXIII. The governor shall be chosen annually by ballot, and shall not be eligible to the said office for more than one year out of three, nor shall he hold any military commission under any other State or States. The governor shall reside at such place as the house of assembly for the time being shall appoint. ART. XXIV. The governor's oath: " I, A B, elected governor of the State of Georgia, by the representatives thereof, do solemnly promise and swear that I will, during the term of my appointment, to the best of my skill and judgment, execute the said office faithfully and conscientiously' according to law, without favor, affection, or partiality; that I will, to the utmost of my power, support, maintain, and defend the State of Georgia, and the constitution of the same; and use my utmost endeavors to protect the people thereof in the secure enjoyment of all their rights, franchises and privileges; and that the laws and ordinances of the State be duly observed, and that law and justice in mercy be executed in all judgments. And I do further solemnly promise and swear that I will peaceably and quietly resign the government to which I have been elected at the period to which my continuance in the said office is limited by the constitution. And, lastly, I do also solemnly swear that I have not accepted of the government whereunto I am elected contrary to the articles of this constitution; so help me God." This oath to be administered to him by the speaker of the assembly. The same oath to be administered by the speaker to the president of the council. No person shall be eligible to the office of governor who has not resided three years in this State. ART. XXV. The executive council shall meet the day after their election, and proceed to the choice of a president out of their own body; they shall have power to appoint their own officers and settle their own rules of proceedings.
The council shall always vote by counties, and not individually. ART. XXVI. Every councillor, being present, shall have power of entering his protest against any measures in council he has not consented to, provided he does it in three days. ART. XXVII. During the sitting of the assembly the whole of the executive council shall attend, unless prevented by sickness, or some other urgent necessity; and, in that case, a majority of the council shall make a board to examine the laws and ordinances sent them by the house of assembly; and all laws and ordinances sent to the council shall be returned in five days after, with their remarks hereon. ART. XXVIII. A committee from the council, sent with any proposed amendments to any law or ordinance, shall deliver their reasons for such proposed amendments, sitting and covered; the whole house at that time, except the speaker, uncovered. ART. XXIX. The president of the executive council, in the absence or sickness of the governor, shall exercise all the powers of the governor. ART. XXX. When any affair that requires secrecy shall be laid before the governor and the executive council, it shall be the duty of the governor,. and he is hereby obliged, to administer the following Oath, viz: " I, A B. do solemnly swear that any business that shall be at this time communicated to the council I will not, in any manner whatever, either by speaking, writing, or otherwise, reveal the same to any person whatever, until leave given by the council, or when called upon by the house of assembly; and all this I swear without any reservation whatever; so help me God." And the same oath shall be administered to the secretary and other officers necessary to carry the business into execution. ART. XXXI. The executive power shall exist till renewed as pointed out by the rules of this constitution. ART. XXXII. In all transactions between the legislative and executive bodies the same shall be communicated by message, to be delivered from the legislative body to the governor or executive council by a committee, and from the governor to the house of assembly by the secretary of the council, and from the executive council by a committee of the said council. ART. XXXIII. The governor for the time being shall be captains general and commander-in-chief over all the militia, and other military and naval forces belonging to this State. ART. XXXIV. All militia commissions shall specify that the person commissioned shall continue during good behavior. ART. XXXV. Every county in this State that has, or hereafter may have, two hundred and fifty men, and upwards, liable to bear arms, shall be formed into a battalion; and when they become too numerous for one battalion, they shall be formed into more, by bill of the legislature; and those counties that have a less number than two hundred and fifty shall be formed into independent companies. ART. XXXVI. There shall be established in each county a court, to be called a superior court, to be held twice in each year. On the first Tuesday in March, in the county of Chatham. The second Tuesday in March, in the county of Effingham. The third Tuesday in March, in the county of Burke The fourth Tuesday in March, in the county of Richmond. The next Tuesday, in the county of Wilkes. And Tuesday fortnight, in the county of Liberty. The next Tuesday, in the county of Glynn. The next Tuesday, in the county of Camden. The like courts to commence in October and continue as above.
ART. XXXVII. All causes and matters of dispute, between any parties residing in the same county, to be tried within the county. ART. XXXVIII. All matters in dispute between contending parties residing in different counties shall be tried in the county where the defendant resides, except in cases of real estate, which shall be tried in the county where such real estate lies. ART. XXXIX. All matters of breach of the peace, felony, murder, and treason against the State to be tried in the county where the same was committed. All matters of dispute, both civil and criminal, in any county where there is not a sufficient number of inhabitants to form a court, shall be tried in the next adjacent county where a court is held. ART. XL. All causes, of what nature soever, shall be tried in the supreme court, except as hereafter mentioned; which court shall con sist of the chief-justice, and three or more of the justices residing in the county. In case of the absence of the chief-justice, the senior justice on the bench shall act as chief-justice, with the clerk of the county, attorney for the State, sheriff, coroner, constable, and the jurors; and in case of the absence of any of the aforementioned officers, the justices to appoint others in their room pro tempore. And if any plaintiff or defendant in civil causes shall be dissatisfied with the determination of the jury, then, and in that case, they shall be at liberty, within three days, to enter an appeal from that verdict, and demand a new trial by a special jury, to be nominated as follows, viz: each party, plaintiff and defendant, shall choose six, six more names shall be taken indifferently out of a box provided for that purpose, the whole eighteen to be summoned, and their names to be put together into the box, and the first twelve that are drawn out, being present, shall be the special jury to try the cause, and from which there shall be no appeal. ART. XLI. The jury shall be judges of law, as well as of fact, and shall not be allowed to bring in a special verdict; but if all or any of the jury have any doubts concerning points of law, they shall apply to the bench, who shall each of them in rotation give their opinion. ART. XLII. The jury shall be sworn to bring in a verdict according to lair, and the opinion they entertain of the evidence; provided it be not repugnant to the rules and regulations contained in this constitution. ART. XLIII. The special jury shall be sworn to bring in a verdict according to law, and the opinion they entertain of the evidence; provided it be not repugnant to justice, equity, and conscience, and the rules and regulations contained in this constitution, of which they shall Judge. ART. XLIV. Captures, both by sea and land, to be tried in the county where such shall be carried in; a special court to be called by the chief-justice, or in his absence by the then senior justice in the said county, upon application of the captors or claimants, which cause shall be determined within the space of ten days. The mode of proceeding and appeal shall be the same as in the superior courts, unless, after the second trial, an appeal is made to the Continental Congress; and the distance of time between the first and second trial shall not exceed fourteen days; and all maritime causes to be tried in like manner. ART. XLV. No grand jury shall consist of less than eighteen, and twelve may find a bill. ART. XLVI. That the court of conscience be continued as heretofore practiced, and that the jurisdiction thereof be extended to try causes not amounting to more than ten pounds. ART. XLVII. All executions exceeding five pounds, except in the case of a court-merchant, shall be stayed until the first Monday in March; provided security be given for debt and costs. ART. XLVIII. All the costs attending any action in the superior court shall not exceed the sum of three pounds, and that no cause be allowed to depend in the superior court longer than two terms. ART. XLIX. Every officer of the State shall be liable to be called to account by the house of assembly. ART. L. Every county shall keep the public records belonging to the same, and authenticated copies of the several records now in the possession of this State shall be made out and deposited in that county to which they belong. ART. LI. Estates shall not be entailed; and when a person dies intestate, his or her estate shall be divided equally among their children; the widow shall have a child's share, or her dower, at her option; all other intestates' estates to be divided according to the act of distribution, made in the reign of Charles the Second, unless otherwise altered by any future act of the legislature. ART. LII. A register of probates shall be appointed by the legislature in every county, for proving wills and granting letters of administration.
ART. LIII. All civil officers in each county shall be annually elected on the day of the general election, except justices of the peace and registers of probates, who shall be appointed by the house of assembly. ART. LIV. Schools shall be erected in each county, and supported at the general expense of the State, as the legislature shall hereafter point out. ART. LV. A court-house and jail shall be erected at the public expense in each county, where the present convention or the future legislature shall point out and direct. ART. LVI. All persons whatever shall have the free exercise of their religion; provided it be not repugnant to the peace and safety of the State; and shall not, unless by consent, support any teacher or teachers except those of their own profession. ART. LVII. The great seal of this State shall have the following device: on one side a scroll, whereon shall be engraved, " The Constitution of the State of Georgia; " and the motto, "Pro bono publico." On the other side, an elegant house, and other buildings, fields of corn, and meadows covered with sheep and cattle; a river running through the same, with a ship under full sail, and the motto, "Deus nobis haec otia fecit." ART. LVIII. No person shall be allowed to plead in the courts of law in this State, except those who are authorized so to do by the house of assembly; and if any person so authorized shall be found guilty of malpractice before the house of assembly, they shall have power to suspend them. This is not intended to exclude any person from that inherent privilege of every freeman, the liberty to plead his own cause. ART. LIX. Excessive fines shall not be levied, not excessive bail demanded. ART. LX. The principles of the habeas-corpus act shall be a part of this constitution. ART. LXI. Freedom of the press and trial by jury to remain inviolate forever. ART. LXII. No clergyman of any denomination shall be allowed a seat in the legislature. ART. LXIII. No alteration shall be made in this constitution without petitions from a majority of the counties, and the petitions from each county to be signed by a majority of voters in each county within this State; at which time the assembly shall order a convention to be called for that purpose, specifying the alterations to be made, according to the petitions preferred to the assembly by the majority of the counties as aforesaid. Done at Savannah, in convention, the fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy-seven, and in the first year of the Independence of the United States of America. (1) Verified from "Watkin's Digest of the Laws of the state of Georgia Philadelphia; 1800," pp. 7-16.
This constitution was framed by a convention which assembled at Savannah October 1, 1776 in accordance with the recommendation of the Continental Congress that the people of the Colonies should form independent state governments. It was unanimously agreed to February 5, 1777. It was not submitted to the people.
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Has this week's unusually snowy weather dampened your springtime spirits? Find sunshine — and a few perks — south of the Mason-Dixon.
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The deal: The "Up, Up and Away" package includes a pink kite to fly among the trees, edible cherry-flavored bubbles to blow through the blossoms, and pink wayfarer-style sunglasses to enjoy the rose-colored view. The hotel also offers free valet parking. Hudson Valley Magazine readers receive an added surprise: a special cocktail for the adults (called the Cherry Lime Ricky) and, for the younger set, pink Shirley Temples (with extra cherries, of course). The rates are $159 on weekends and $229 midweek. Use the code "Cherry."
When: Through April 30


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The chasm between rich and poor in America continues to widen as people who actually work for a living struggle and those who shift around money do very well, thanks. That reality is underscored by a labor dispute between San Francisco ballpark workers and the management, Michael Winship reports.
By Michael Winship
It was in The San Francisco Examiner on June 3, 1888, 125 years ago this month, that there first appeared a poem titled, "Casey at the Bat, a Ballad of the Republic." In the decades since, "Casey" has become the classic ode to baseball as the all-American pastime; its stanzas once memorized by school kids, its lines recited and recorded by everyone from James Earl Jones to Garrison Keillor.
So poignant and evocative is its tale that Albert Goodwill Spalding, 19th century professional pitcher, team owner, and co-founder of the sporting goods company that still bears his name, wrote, "Love has its sonnets galore. War has its epics in heroic verse. Tragedy its somber story in measured lines. Baseball has 'Casey at the Bat.'"
The melancholy account of the vainglorious power hitter Casey stepping to the plate, his Mudville team down 4-2 at the bottom of the ninth with two men on base and two outs, epitomizes baseball as the game that will break your heart, especially in its immortal final lines:
Oh, somewhere in this favored land the sun is shining bright,
The band is playing somewhere, and somewhere hearts are light;
And somewhere men are laughing, and somewhere children shout,
But there is no joy in Mudville, mighty Casey has struck out.
The poem was written by Ernest Thayer, a college friend of media magnate William Randolph Hearst, the Rupert Murdoch of his day who owned the Examiner and the man on whom Orson Welles based Citizen Kane. Thayer used the pen name "Phin," and was paid five dollars for his masterpiece, or around $125 at today's prices.
I know of some baseball employees who can relate to that kind of bargain basement salary, and they're in San Francisco, too. They're not the A-Rods, Riveras and Pujols who pull down ten million and more. The people I mean are the 800 concession workers who sell hot dogs and beer, serve and clean the restaurants, and cater to the luxury skyboxes at AT&T Park, home of the championship San Francisco Giants. Employed by a South Carolina-based company called Centerplate, their jobs only last the six months of the season and they make but $11,000 a year, right at the poverty line for a single individual in the United States. Their situation is yet another flagrant example of the vast and widening gap created by income inequality in America.
As Dave Zirin at The Nation magazine recently wrote:
"Concession workers at the park earn their $11,000 in a city where a one-bedroom apartment runs $3,000 a month and people are spending near that much to live in laundry rooms and unventilated basements. These same workers, who commute as much as two hours each way to get to the park, have now gone three years without a pay increase. This despite the fact that the value of the team, according to Forbes, has increased 40 percent, ticket prices have spiked and the cost of a cup of beer has climbed to $10.25. This also despite the fact that, as packed sellouts become the norm, the stress and toil of the job has never been greater."
Job security, health care and pensions are issues as well. ThinkProgress reports:
"Under the current plan, a worker who staffs 10 events in a month receives health care for the next month, but Centerplate wants to increase that to 12 events per month under a new contract, workers said (A Centerplate spokesperson would not confirm that detail). That would make it impossible to obtain health coverage in months like June, when the Giants have just nine home games, and making health care harder to obtain is a major sticking point for the workers."
The workers are represented by UNITE HERE Local 2 and on May 11, 97 percent of them voted to authorize a strike. (This does not necessarily mean there will be a strike, but union leaders now have the go-ahead to call one if they think it's needed.)
A one-day walkout was staged at a Giants/Rockies game during the Memorial Day weekend, an action histrionically described by Centerplate spokesperson Sam Singer as a "slap in the face of our nation's military." He told George Lavender of the progressive magazine In These Times, "Local 2 has insulted the servicemen and servicewomen and veterans."
There were long lines at the concession stands. Centerplate bussed in replacement workers for the day, including, In These Times reported, volunteers from non-profit organizations who worked for free in exchange for donations. This is common practice at sports venues to raise money for churches and other charities, but in San Francisco, it undermines the workers' dispute.
The president of Local 2, who just happens to be named Casey, said, "It's a real scam. They [Centerplate] make huge savings. They don't have to do any of the contractual requirements that they have to do for a worker."
The Giants management is quick to claim that they have no skin in the game, that the workers are paid not by them but by Centerplate. But as Dave Zirin and others point out, 55 cents of every dollar spent by fans at the concessions in the stadium goes into the Giants' pockets.
"Centerplate says talk to the Giants," one of the workers told Zirin. "The Giants say talk to Centerplate. If we stepped back for five minutes, they'd figure it out after they started to lose all that money. All we're saying is, we want a fair share."
The team could easily step up to the plate if it wanted to. The Giants' principal owner is Charles B. Johnson, 80, the multibillionaire chair of the Franklin Resources mutual fund, founded by his father in 1947. He and his wife Ann live in the Carolands Chateau, a 65,000-square-foot mansion built by the daughter of railway industrialist George Pullman, who notoriously used Federal troops to suppress workers during the Pullman strike of 1894. The Johnsons bought the 98-room property for several million and reportedly spent more than $20 million in its restoration.
The architecture was inspired by a 17th century French design, which in turn was a prototype for Versailles. Republican fundraisers have been held at Carolands, including one for Mitt Romney in May 2012, and Charles Johnson has been a generous contributor to the party and its candidates, including, according to the nonpartisan Center for Responsive Politics, a $200,000 donation last year to Karl Rove's American Crossroads super PAC, as well as $50,000 to the pro-Romney super PAC Restore Our Future.
For that same $200,000, you can rent Johnson's AT&T Park stadium for a day. Recently, millionaire hedge fund manager Mike Wilkins did just that, inviting 100 of his nearest and dearest hedge fund pals to come to the empty ballpark (the Giants were on the road), have a drink at a bar moved out to the playing field, run the bases, and take batting practice with a bullpen pitcher (which costs an additional $5, 000 per person and includes "a paramedic standing by").
They were living the dream, "grown up boys fantasy time," a source told BuzzFeed. Meanwhile, the men and women who barely scrape by are feeding the fantasy, making and selling hamburgers and fries, peanuts and Cracker Jack, and cleaning up the mess after. If they don't win, it's a shame.
Michael Winship, senior writing fellow at the public policy and analysis group Demos, is senior writer of the weekly public affairs program, "Moyers & Company," airing on public television. Check local airtimes or comment at www.BillMoyers.com


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Into the Arms of God
Julie Ryan, Cherise Ryan WHAT CHRISTIANS DO: PART 1 Evelyn Turner left New Orleans so late on Saturday night, Aug. 27, 2005, that it may have been Sunday morning. With her two daughters and one's fiancé, she headed to family in Charlotte, N.C. Unlike most people who fled the city in fear of Hurricane Katrina, Turner already knew she had no home to come back to. In the midst of a divorce, the New Orleans native had agreed that her soon-to-be ex-husband would keep their house and pay her what he could when he could. Now, two years later, Turner owns her own home in the hard-hit Holly Grove neighborhood. Like millions of others over the centuries, she gained help from Christians who responded to the teachings of the prophets and of Jesus that what we do for the least of our brothers and sisters we do for Him. In Turner's case the faces of God's help were Kevin Brown and the Trinity Christian Community (TCC) network. TCC operates within New Orleans' Holly Grove neighborhood, which seven years ago was home to 7,000 people (94 percent of them African-American). About half owned their own homes, but even before Katrina, Holly Grove was falling on hard times. "The middle class moved out white and black. Housing became rental and began to deteriorate. Lots of crime," said Paul Baricos, who is starting a center to encourage home ownership. Kevin Brown grew up in TCC: His father founded it in 1967. After some years away, Kevin came home to be executive director in 1998. "We've been living this all our lives," he said. Unable to re-enter the city after Katrina, Brown said he spent most of his time on the phone, talking with Christians around the country. So many responded, he said, that "a church around here hired somebody to come and help with the emails." Then Brown tracked down people he had worked with before-Turner, who had once worked in the center's youth programs, was one of them-and created a team. They worked out of the second floor of the Trinity center, since the lower floor was in shambles, as was Brown's house nearby. Churches sent men and women with tools, equipment, and cooking supplies, Turner said. "We started housing people in our building. People had cots in the building, cooking grills and barbecue pits, makeshift showers. You looked at it and thought, 'If these folks can go through this, we can do anything.'" So far more than 6,000 people have come to help, logging more than 200,000 volunteer hours. In addition, federal AmeriCorps members joined the project. They gutted 1,700 homes all over the city, Brown said. So Trinity has rebuilt 25 in Holly Grove and plans to do a total of 150. One of those homes now belongs to Turner. "We're rebuilding a neighborhood. We're rebuilding lives," said Brown, whose staff has grown from three to 12. "Now people are on their second, third, fourth mission trip down here because they're excited." Those volunteers made Turner's new home possible. Living in a Holly Grove apartment Trinity had restored early on, Turner had seen a little house that she really liked but didn't think she could afford. One day Brown came and told her, "There's a church that wants to help a family get back in their home and I gave 'em your name." Turner bought the house. Then, one church group came to build a kitchen, stayed to put up dry wall, and purchased the flooring, too. The next week, Turner said, Mennonites came and put in the floors. "They never stopped. They worked till dark," she said. Other, smaller groups came after that. Turner moved into her house on March 25, her 56th birthday. Much remains to be done. Two-thirds of Holly Grove's former residents have not returned. Five of the neighborhood's 12 pre-storm churches are back. But Turner in her new home is rejoicing at the restoration to this point: "It's a tiny little house, but it's absolutely perfect for me. The things that have happened to me-it's just an affirmation of God's plan." In the history of Christianity, Turner isn't the first person to experience such care. By a.d. 568 Rome was in ruins, ravaged by 150 years of Goth, Vandal, Byzantine, and Longobard invasion. Once a city of perhaps 1.5 million, Rome bottomed out at 30,000. Outside the city, continual wars turned fields back into swamps. Invaders threatened and sometimes took over once-productive church-run farms. Malaria, cholera, and bubonic plague followed. Jobs evaporated. Once-flourishing estates were abandoned. Famine became a fact of life. Floods covered the city three or four times a century. Sewers and aqueducts needed repair. The wealthy fled to the safety of Ravenna or even faraway Constantinople, but one son of an old Roman family, Gregory the Great, became pope in 590. Building on the existing infrastructure, Gregory set out to restore life to the city. He revamped rural papal estates to provide food for citizens, pilgrims, refugees, and urban poor, all in fair and orderly ways. Gregory also made peace with the invaders. He provided soup kitchens for the sick and infirm. He set up welfare offices or diaconiae in populated areas within the walls, administered by monastic congregations. "The Church rather than the Byzantine state . . . was responsible for providing for the urban population," historian Richard Krautheimer wrote in his classic Rome: Profile of a City, 312-1308. Gregory's concern was not unique. Nearly 900 years later, in 1521, the Bavarian city of Augsburg faced a housing crisis for its working poor. The Fuggers, Europe's most powerful banking family, a Catholic family, responded. The Fuggerai, the first low-income housing development in Europe, provides housing for the poor to this day. Through history, the pattern is the same. Trinity Christian Community stands in that line of Christian responses to crisis. Turner remembers what happened after Katrina and what is happening now: "The church poured into the city. Here it is two years later, and who's still coming? The church." -Roberta Green Ahmanson WHAT CHRISTIANS DO: PART 2 NEW YORK CITY-The Bowery Mission since 1879 has served New York City's dire side, its thousands of homeless men and women. Three branches of the mission have developed over the years: A men's Transitional Center and a Women's Center serve alongside the oldest branch, still called The Bowery Mission, located in the Lower East Side. The oldest branch is known for giving people such as 20-year-old Sergio Reyz a chance to walk away from a world of drugs, gangs, and death, and into the arms of God. At age 16, Reyz had by dealing cocaine become richer than his parents. His mother gave him a choice: Move out or stop dealing. He left home, continued a gang life of drugs, sex, and violence, and figured he would die. He called his mother to say goodbye-but she challenged him to get help from the Bowery Mission. "Every day the Lord has to remind me of what I left so I don't go back," said Reyz, the youngest man at the mission. He has earned his GED, walks with a joyful step, and smiles when he talks about his mother: Their relationship has grown as he has proceeded through Bowery's Discipleship Institute six-month program of counseling, addiction recovery, relationship restoration, career education and training, and required chapel. Many of the 70 Discipleship Institute participants started out in a Compassionate Care program that provides chapel services, meals, clothes, showers and haircuts, counseling with a chaplain, and medical care. The program has only 25 transient beds: Bowery President Ed Morgan said the mission's biggest failure is not offering more. Morgan measures Bowery success in Positive Life Outcomes, an idea he took with him from his 20 years of work at General Electric. Last year 149 men left the Discipleship Institute exhibiting PLOs, defined as restoring relationships, remaining clean and sober, establishing positive goals, continuing an education, and exhibiting Christian character. Bowery funding comes from private donors, only 40 percent of whom profess faith in Christ, but the board of directors is made up of Christians and emphasizes continued biblical commitment. The mission staff is made up half of program graduates and half of "people who have the gift of mercy." Morgan said staff members have "the chance to see lives change. Not many people can do that for a job and get paid. They are also doing it for spiritual reasons-God commands us." James Macklin, Bowery's director of outreach, is a Discipleship Institute graduate; before coming to Bowery he owned a business in New Jersey but lost it to cocaine. He said he has done every job in the mission, from kitchen staff to maintenance, and spent five years as assistant director of the program: "Ed Morgan saw more in me than I saw in myself. I proved myself and by God's grace I made it." When Macklin, now 67, walks through the halls of the Bowery Mission, residents greet him with respect-they know he has been where they are. He wears a suit but no tie, and a smile. He knows the men and their stories, shares meals with them, and strives to be the "father figure" many of them never had: "Your attitude can determine where you might go in life. That's what I like to give to men: I don't care where you start, it's where you end." For many residents, ending homelessness takes more than six months. Macklin said the residents stay as long as they need to but must keep progressing. Resident Eric Freeman, 48, spent 30 years living on the streets and is now in his third month in the Discipleship Institute. He battled substance abuse, lost connection with his family, and lacked self-confidence. He has now found a new way of living: "Man was trying to change me, but now God has." Less than a mile to the northeast, the Bowery Mission runs a city-funded program. When former Mayor David Dinkins asked for more homeless shelters in 1990, the Bowery Mission responded and opened the Transitional Center on Avenue D in 1992. The staff members work to instill Christian values in a place reliant on city funding that restricts evangelism. This center is across the street from housing projects built in the 1960s that house many residents on welfare. Unemployment and high crime plague the neighborhood. Hector Pabon, the center's associate director, said many residents lack hope to leave the area. Upon entering the center, men receive a dorm room and key-personal space, a novelty for homeless men. A resident signs a contract and, with the help of a counselor, develops an individual living plan that changes every month. The nine-month program has three phases. For the first 30 days, residents work at the center and attend meetings while staff members get to know them. In Phase Two, months two and three, residents look for jobs and attend fewer meetings. In the last phase, residents stay employed, save 75 percent of their income, and find housing. Many of the staff members, including all four counselors, are Christians. They build relationships with the residents and create opportunities to evangelize outside of the official program. New York City has made recent internal changes that allow the center to move out unproductive residents who are "playing the system," Pabon said. Such residents, used to the streets, want a bed and a warm breakfast but have no intention of changing their lives. When a resident must be transferred to a different shelter, Pabon said, counselors must "let go" and pray the resident will realize in some other way his need for Christ. The center has both failures and success stories. Pabon speaks of a taciturn man named Anthony who came to the shelter last year and, helped by counseling, came to profess faith in Christ. He found a job and lined up an apartment-which he almost lost after a fight-but with the help of Pabon he moved in and began a new life. Almost 70 blocks north of the Transitional Center, the Bowery Mission Women's Center at Heartsease House is a home for 17 women in the process of transforming their lives. The 19th-century brownstone blends in with the surrounding homes. No sign marks the Women's Center, but behind the red doors are stories of struggle, hardship, and grace. Melissa Alcorn lived a life of drugs, alcohol, and abuse. Fourteen years ago she became a Christian, she said, and God showed her a glimpse of her future: working with those in need. After the Women's Center opened in 2005, Alcorn came to work there and became director. The center rents the building from a Mennonite organization for $1 a year and has refurbished it into a 10-bedroom home with warm colors, comfortable couches, and a garden filled with flowers and tomato plants. Spiral staircases guide residents through the home: They move from the dining room, up to a chapel and career center, and through two floors of bedrooms to a living room where meetings are held. Most of the women come from a substance- and domestic-abuse background: When they walk through the red doors they enter Phase One of the program, which helps the women to become acclimated to living in a community and obeying rules. That's their biggest obstacle, Alcorn said. The Women's Center program helps the women with their spiritual, emotional, and economic life. Each woman must attend chapel, memorize scripture, and attend meetings. The center offers counseling and budgeting, computer, and resumé training to help the women enter the business world. When the women enter Phase Two, they begin seeking employment and save 75 percent of their income. They have to demonstrate character through telling the truth, participating in the community, and respecting others. The seven staff members work together to monitor the women's progress. Belieda Pringle, 51, came to New York from Virginia after using drugs and turning her back on God. "In Virginia, my life wasn't like it should have been. Now I have a relationship with God and I see things differently." When the women enter Phase Three, they begin to prepare for graduation. It's hard; since September 2005 nine out of 98 women have graduated from the program and six have left exhibiting PLOs. "The staff tries to help you as much as they can. While you are here you should excel because you can get whatever you need: schooling, GED, tutoring. You just have to be willing to take advantage of it," Pringle said. Alcorn said she hopes the women will not just conform to the program and its expectations, but that their lives and hearts will transform. She said there is a tension between "holding people accountable in truth but also having grace." Resident LaVerna Johnson, 57, is gaining confidence by living at the center. A native New Yorker, Johnson was living in Florida, unemployed, and in "bondage to fear." She said God directed her back to the city and, after calling churches, she found the Women's Center. Johnson said she has started writing poems again, always has her notebook on hand, and is teaching herself to play the piano, something she always wanted to do. She spoke of finding her confidence and power in Christ: "I always knew God, but I found myself here." -Julie Ryan WHAT CHRISTIANS DO: PART 3 Hebron, a short-term homeless shelter for single women, seems out of place in affluent Loudoun County, Va., west of Washington, D.C. Modest single-family homes there now cost over $500,000; even tiny apartments rent for $1,000 per month. "This is one county that has so much money and is thriving so much, it's hard to believe we have this homeless problem," said Jayda Roberts of the Good Shepherd Alliance, a Christian organization that has worked with homeless individuals since 1983. Single women and their children can stay for up to 89 days at Hebron while they work, save, and try to get back on their feet. Hebron's porch smells heavily of cigarettes, but a sign on the front door reads, "Through these doors walk the greatest residents in the world." One young resident, Michael, seemed shy at first, but it only lasted five minutes. "Are you new?" the 7-year-old asked a visitor with a hopeful grin. "I'm moving tomorrow," Michael announced later as he demonstrated a Star Wars video game his grandmother bought him. But he's not excited about the move. "I'm gonna miss people." His face fell a little, but his eyes never left the game screen. "This is the fourth shelter I've been in," he exclaimed. "[At] the last one they were just mean." Michael and his mother Keri were moving to grandma's house, a four-hour drive away. "I'm not worried about her," Grace Magor, the 71-year-old live-in monitor at Hebron, said about Keri: "Her mother is there to pitch in and can help her if she needs." But Keri is unusual; many have been rejected by their families. This past summer a pregnant mother, 21-year-old Stephanie, was working 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. shifts, then coming home to Hebron and cooking dinner for herself and her 2-year-old daughter, who pranced into the kitchen in a pink nightgown and tiny strap sandals, a Barbie DVD in hand. The girl's dark pixie-curly hair matches Stephanie's, but her dark complexion comes from her father, who Stephanie followed to Loudoun Country from her home in Rhode Island. He is no longer around. For Stephanie and other single, expectant women, a newborn baby could mean months of not working and falling further behind. Half of Stephanie's paycheck already was going to daycare. But in August Stephanie moved into another home GSA had just completed renovating, a small one in Purcellville, Va., called Mary's House of Hope. It is designed to house three single pregnant moms or single moms with newborn babies for two years or more. These women must have completed several of GSA's program steps at Hebron before moving to Mary's House. Volunteers participated in gutting and remodeling the 100-year-old abandoned house, rented from the town of Purcellville for $1 a year. "All I had to say was 'homeless, pregnant, unwed women,' and I had a number of people ready to help," said Mike Emerson, the pastor in charge of outreach ministry at Cornerstone Chapel in Leesburg. It's what Christians do. -Cherise Ryan Cherise is a journalism major at Patrick Henry College. Removing barriers A frail man with a scraggly beard sat on the side of Avenue C in Manhattan's East Village. He slumped back in his rickety wheelchair with his belongings in a plastic bag strapped to one handle. He raised one hand to shade his brow from the afternoon sun. With the other he held out a plastic cup to collect coins and cash from the people passing by. Dressed in a gray sweatshirt and ragged jeans, he was just another homeless man. But unlike most of New York's homeless individuals, this man cannot walk. In a city with more than 35,000 homeless people, some who are able-bodied turn away from the help they need, but others with disabilities can't find it. According to the Urban Institute's Martha Burt, "No one cares. No one wants to pay for it." Some disabled receive help from Christian organizations or end up in nursing homes. Others end up in one of the 221 federally funded homeless city shelters in New York. Yet only one is exclusively devoted to those with physical disabilities. The Barrier Free Living transitional shelter is a reminder of "common grace" good works. Barrier Free, with a mix of staffers and volunteers from different beliefs, offers its residents home-care services-a need that goes unmet at many other shelters. Barrier Free's four-story complex originally served as a nursing home, so its hallways, doorways, dorm-style rooms, and showers already are big enough for those in wheelchairs to move about freely. All the shelves are low enough for someone in a wheelchair to reach. Each corridor has a railing built into the wall. The front entrance has a ramp. Barrier Free began in 1983 as an alternative to nursing homes. CEO Paul Feuerstein said before his organization came along, a disabled homeless person never progressed toward independence because of a "constant, vicious cycle" of going from hospital care to the inadequate care of a traditional homeless shelter: "Because they didn't have the appropriate supports, they were spending six months of the year in a hospital bed and six months of the year in a shelter." The Barrier Free transitional shelter has 48 beds-half for men, half for women-and each year serves over 200 individuals with a variety of disabilities, including quadriplegics and those with multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, severe arthritis, and blindness. Shelter director Cathy Gormley said many homeless people spend time on a waiting list. Six triage-style assessment shelters in the city contact Barrier Free when they come across homeless people with severe physical disabilities; a mobile outreach team interviews those individuals and sometimes brings them in. Gormley wants residents to learn to perform daily activities on their own-dressing, showering, brushing teeth, and other "basic things most people take for granted." A psychiatric consultant visits the shelter every month to meet with the residents. Every three months, the shelter hires at least three occupational therapy students from local universities to train residents in basic life skills, such as managing an appropriate diet, budgeting on a fixed income, and staying out of debt. The shelter offers classes and workshops for those with disabilities getting ready to move out and live independently. Barrier Free receives all of its funding from the government, but residents have held Bible studies and hosted religious speakers. It is those living at the shelter who initiate such activities. Source: Visit Source Category: Religion,