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1988 Article
Conversion is a complex term and broad in its usage. It is primarily used in a religious sense, but can be used more widely to describe any profound change of conviction or way of life. In its religious sense, the reference is generally to the initial stage of spiritual experience, as in moving from unbelief to faith in God, or in changing from one religious viewpoint to another. The change involved is perceived to be radical in nature and contains some element of reversal, i.e., a change between opposites. Although sometimes popularly associated with instantaneous change, the experience may take place over a longer period of time and, in any case, is usually preceded by preparatory influences and explorations.
Conversion is not self-defeating. Its exact nature and form depend upon the expectations of the belief system to which one is converted and, furthermore, upon the personality characteristics of the convert. Conversion can be described as intellectual, moral, or religious, depending on its focus in the human experience. In Christian conversion all three dimensions come into view, although differing accents appear in the various Christian traditions.
Conversion translates the biblical terms for turn or return. In the Old Testament the concept refers to the return of the people of God after leaving the way of God. The return involves both a spiritual renewal of relationship to God in covenant and a moral change toward upright living. It implies a restored life in community with the people of God. The New Testament takes up this viewpoint while expanding it. Conversion is given a special meaning by its linkage to Jesus' kingdom teaching. All are called to repent, to reorient their outlook in the light of the arriving rule of God in Jesus and his work. Even the pious in Israel must convert to this new reality that Jesus brings. This is the ground for the universal call to conversion that the church directs to people of every religious persuasion. Since the kingdom is identified with the person and work of Jesus the Christ, the call to convert (repent and believe) becomes a call to identify with Jesus Christ and to follow him. Repentance is the principal word in the New Testament to express the human decision to leave the old sinful life and to embrace the way of Jesus. Other concepts such as regeneration, new birth, new creation, justification, and sanctification speak of the divine work to effectuate and empower the new life in the believer. Conversion in the biblical sense is not just an inward, spiritual religious event; it is an event of exodus from an old life in a fallen social order into a new life in a renewed social order, which is the church. The entire person is involved in the change at the intellectual, volitional, affective, and behavioral levels.
The Anabaptists of the 16th century can well be described as a conversionist movement. They did not assume that people in the Christianized society of Europe were true believers. They directed a strong critique against that society for its moral decay and compromise. Their message was a call to renounce the life of general society and to take up a life of following Christ in the context of a believing community. Each member of the church was expected to exercise personal faith and to manifest the evidence of regeneration by a changed life. The Anabaptists, in contrast to later Pietism, had little interest in the psychological process and the inner experiences associated with conversion. They focused rather on the changed outlook on self and on the resulting changed behavior. The subjective experience, or the itinerary of the soul, is not explored. This aspect is neither denied nor suppressed; it is simply not seen as determinative. The means of conversion is the active grace of God mediated by the work of the Holy Spirit in response to faith. They insisted on baptism as a sign that conversion had taken place and rejected the concept of sacraments as the means of grace. The effect of grace was a real change in the self of the believer. Anabaptists were critical of other reformers who spoke of justification by grace as a change of status before God without equal emphasis on a real change in the believer. Neither did they distinguish sharply between justification as the initial experience, and sanctification as the later experience.
Conversion is the indispensable protection of the voluntaristic principle of the believers church. The Anabaptist and Mennonite tradition has not found it easy to preserve the earlier meaning of conversion. For a socially isolated and community oriented people, the depth of personal religious commitment in the new generations can easily he replaced with ethnic identity and cultural forms. Even where religious experience is deeply felt, there is less of a sense of sudden change than of a gradual nurturing of spirituality. The individual is formed by the community to such an extent that a personal spiritual identity can be missing or weak. Thus the meaning of conversion can be modified or lost altogether.
Not surprisingly, therefore, Mennonites have shown considerable openness to renewal influences such as Pietism, the revival and holiness movements, and, most recently, the charismatic movement. All of these movements make a greater distinction than did the Anabaptists between the initial experience (conversion) and later experiences, such as sanctification or baptism with the Spirit. As a result, many Mennonites have been led to a personal encounter of faith that makes conversion it meaningful concept, as in early Anabaptism. However, the close integration of faith and obedience, individual and community, and of new birth and Spirit, characteristic of the early movement, is attenuated or lost because these renewal movements have reflected other theological traditions and claims.
The sociological studies of Kauffman and Harder (1975) document and illustrate the variation of understandings on conversion among the Mennonite subgroups as a reflection of these influences. They also show that all contemporary Mennonite and Brethren in Christ groups continue to emphasize strongly a personal, life-changing faith in their members.
1953 Article
Conversion, from the Latin com, together, and vettere, to turn, means primarily a turning toward. Theologically, conversion is the changing of purpose, direction, and spirit of life from one of self-seeking and enmity toward God to one of love toward God and man (Century Dictionary).
In the English Bible the word "convert" is used seldom but the idea is very common and usually expressed by "turn" in a situation indicating religious connotation, such as, "And if thy people . . . shall turn again and confess thy name . . ." (2 Chronicles 6:24). In the New Testament this turning or conversion, commonly coupled with repentance, becomes a chief end of preaching and involves turning from darkness to light (1 Peter 2:9), from vanities to the living God (Acts 14:15), from death to life (John 5:24). It is the beginning of a new life with all interests and powers of the being centered in Christ. Such a revolutionary and significant change is only conceived of as taking place by divine power, God alone creating the new heart and new spirit. "Regeneration" is employed, strictly speaking, to designate this act from the divine side, while "conversion" refers specifically to the voluntary act of the individual in turning from sin and seeking forgiveness and the new life. However, the distinction is not always maintained and the two words are often used interchangeably.
In the definitive expressions of Anabaptist-Mennonite faith and practice conversion has always occupied a key position. This is clear in 16th-century writings, testimonies, and confessions, and is reiterated in later representative writings. In all such discussions the approach is practical rather than theological and adheres closely to Biblical terms, expressions, and quotations.
Conversion-regeneration was fundamental. Early Anabaptist writers for practical purposes identify conversion with regeneration. In the same breath Menno Simons speaks of the heart "renewed, converted, justified, made pious" (Works I, 21), and also "Regeneration ... is an inward change which converts a man by the power of God" (Works I, 27). Furthermore, this single event, whether viewed from the divine or human side or from both together, was so important that it was basic to all else in the Christian life. Menno writes in his chapter on the new birth:
We must be born from above, must be changed and renewed in our hearts, transplanted from the unrighteous and evil nature of Adam, into the true and good nature of Christ, or we can never be saved by any means, whether human or divine" (Works I, 169).
So also Dirk Philips: "Here the kingdom of God is absolutely denied to all who are not born again of God, and who are not created by Him anew after the inner man in His image . . ." (Enchiridion, 376).
Conversion was a prerequisite for baptism. The place of the conversion-regeneration experience in the early Anabaptist thinking was delineated clearly in contrast to other prevalent conceptions and was brought to focus in the matter of baptism. For the Catholic mind conversion consisted essentially in the acceptance of a creed and the authority of the church. The Reformers broke with this idea in principle and taught rebirth through faith as necessary to true conversion. In practice they were unable to carry it out in the indiscriminate membership of the state church. As a result regeneration became separated in thought from moral change, with infant baptism serving as the occasion for an inner spiritual regeneration which sometime later would produce the moral fruits of conversion. The Anabaptist-Mennonite fathers broke with the reformers at this point, insisting on the application of rebirth to all members of the visible church. They refused to see regeneration, conversion, and amendment of life as anything but a single transaction essential for all true believers. It was therefore essential for baptism, since only true believers could compose the church. The Schleitheim Confession in its first article expresses the position which was repeatedly reaffirmed: "Baptism shall be given to all those who have learned repentance and amendment of life, and who truly believe that their sins are taken away by Christ, and to all those who walk in the resurrection of Jesus Christ . . . and to all those who with this significance request it ... for themselves. This excludes all infant baptism . . ." (Mennonite Quarterly Review XIX, 1945, 248). Thus, through baptism, conversion became the key to voluntary church membership and the Anabaptist brotherhood, a pattern for free churches to follow.
A further point to be noted is that conversion-regeneration marked the entrance into a New Covenant of which baptism was the external sign and seal. The authority of God and God's word was always in the background and the believer entered the new life with a sense of absolute responsibility to obey. This became the foundation of Anabaptist piety; hence amendment of life and obedience to the word of Christ was a necessary concomitant of conversion. Thomas von Imbroich wrote (1558): "Penitent faith is confessed, and so to speak, sealed with Christian baptism. For, after baptism, a constantly good and godly life should follow" (Martyrs' Mirror, 356). This "good and godly life" was part of the expression of a deeper obligation to obedience under suffering which was well expressed by the Hutterite Peter Walpot in writing to the Polish apothecary Simon (1571). Simon had written that "so far everything has been easy and lovely." Peter replies, "It may be that you will suffer martyrdom, my Simon . . ." and then recounts the Hutterite sufferings—wanderings, imprisonment, bonds, death—and continues: "If you should be alone in such an experience, . . . then things will look otherwise. Then you will be for once pushed into the furnace of testing and it will become known what is in your heart. If you desire to become a true disciple and follower of Christ and a member of his church, then you must certainly prepare yourself for such experiences." This emphasis in thought on godly living and obedience in suffering was not based on the idea of performing good works and obtaining merit, which the Anabaptists were careful to disclaim, but on the necessary association of faith and love and the identification of the believer with the living Lord. Conversion was an integral part of the life that was to follow which they saw as "nothing but pure dying and suffering" (Martyrs' Mirror, 355).
It would be misleading to assume that the ideals and practice of the 16th-century church have been uniformly maintained throughout the intervening centuries. Deviations have been brought about in three ways. First, with the cessation of persecution and with acceptance by society, the ideal of the suffering church became less distinct. Mennonites entered the world in a way impossible for their forefathers with consequent distraction from religious ideals. Conversion became less vital though the form of voluntary decision with adult baptism was always retained. Secondly, where the attempt was made to retain separation from the world on a racial, linguistic, or other formal basis the place of group membership by birth practically beclouded the importance of church membership by rebirth. Thirdly, there came the pietist-revivalist movement which tended to re-emphasize the place of conversion with its spiritual significance. New Mennonite movements arose based on spiritual experience and even cataclysmic conversion. These provided a needed corrective to formalism and secularism but often carried a subjective emphasis on conversion as an experience for its own sake, and by itself, disconnected from the life of suffering and obedience of the martyr days. In some modern Mennonite groups considerable weight is laid on a personal confession of a definite and precise momentary conversion experience as a prerequisite for baptism and church membership. This is particularly true of the Mennonite Brethren Church and related groups and the United Missionary-Mennonite Brethren in Christ Church. The course of these deviations can be traced in Mennonite histories and is well discussed in Robert Friedmann's Mennonite Piety Through the Centuries.
Augsburger, Myron S. "Conversion in Anabaptist thought." Mennonite Quarterly Review 23 (1962): 243-255.
Beachy, Alvin J. The Concept of Grace in the Radical Reformation. Nieuwkoop: De Graff, 1977.
Braght, Thieleman J. van. Het Bloedigh Tooneel of Martelaers Spiegel der Doopsgesinde of Weereloose Christenen, Die om 't getuygenis van Jesus haren Salighmaker geleden hebben ende gedood zijn van Christi tijd of tot desen tijd toe. Den Tweeden Druk. Amsterdam: Hieronymus Sweerts, … 1685. Part II.
Braght, Thieleman J. van. The Bloody Theatre or Martyrs' Mirror of the Defenseless Christians Who Baptized Only upon Confession of Faith and Who Suffered and Died for the Testimony of Jesus Their Saviour… to the Year A.D. 1660. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1951. Available online at: http://www.homecomers.org/mirror/index.htm.
The Complete Works of Menno Simons. Elkhart, 1871.
Dirk Philips, Enchiridion or Hand Book of the Christian Doctrine and Religion. Elkhart, 1910.
Dyck, Cornelius J. "The Life of the Spirit in Anabaptism." Mennonite Quarterly Review 47 (1972): 309-326.
Friedmann, Robert. Mennonite Piety Through the Centuries. Goshen, 1949.
Kauffman, J. Howard and Leland Harder, eds. Anabaptists Four Centuries Later: a Profile of FIve Mennonite and Brethren in Christ Denominations. Scottdale, Pa.: Herald Press, 1975, esp. 84-91.
Schmidt, Henry J., ed., Conversion: Doorway to Discipleship. Hillsboro, Ks.: Mennonite Brethren Pub. House, 1980.
Wenger, J. C. The Doctrines of the Mennonites. Scottdale, 1950. Appendices contain in conveniently accessible form English translations of five early confessions and catechisms, with their statements regarding conversion and regeneration.
Wittlinger, Carlton O. Quest for Piety and Obedience: the Story of the Brethren in Christ. Nappanee, IN: Evangel Press, 1978.
Zieglschmid, A.J.F. Die älteste Chronik der Hutterischen Brüder: Ein Sprachdenkmal aus frühneuhochdeutscher Zeit. Ithaca: Cayuga Press, 1943: 456
Author(s) | George R., III Brunk |
S. F. Pannabecker | |
Date Published | 1989 |
Cite This Article
MLA style
Brunk, George R., III and S. F. Pannabecker. "Conversion." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1989. Web. 20 Jul 2024. https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Conversion&oldid=162921.
APA style
Brunk, George R., III and S. F. Pannabecker. (1989). Conversion. Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 20 July 2024, from https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Conversion&oldid=162921.
Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 1, pp. 704-705; v. 5, pp. 205-206. All rights reserved.
©1996-2024 by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.


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Should We Be Concerned about GAO's F-35 Work?
Last week, GAO defended itself, as it should have, at the Foreign Policy website against my criticisms of its latest F-35 report. This week I responded, also at Foreign Policy. In sum, GAO's retort to my article makes me even more concerned about the state of affairs at GAO than I was before. Find my original article, GAO's retort, and my response here and below.
Foreign Policy
The Spendagon
Error Report II
GAO's defense of its F-35 investigation worries me even more.
It is important and proper that the Government Accountability Office (GAO) responded to my criticisms of its March 2013 report on the Defense Department's F-35 Joint Strike Fighter. Any watchdog agency should jealously defend its competence and independence, especially when the foundations of its oversight come under attack from those with experience, and sources, inside the agency.
The GAO took issue with my article, titled "Error Report," on three matters.
First, I am said to have ignored the "numerous quantitative indicators of development and production progress" that the GAO says substantiated its conclusion that "Overall, the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter program is now moving in the right direction after a long, expensive, and arduous learning process." And yet, much of this "progress" "in the right direction" remains behind even the revised -- and much relaxed -- program schedule, and it is occurring just as the F-35 is entering the more strenuous part of its flight testing. More to the point, the favorable conclusion flies in the face of expert reports, such as that of the Defense Department's own director of operational test and evaluation, who has reported a growing, not diminishing, number of problems.
The GAO's implication that the F-35's more difficult years are behind it, not ahead, is, in effect, a recommendation to proceed with the F-35's highly "concurrent" (buy it before you finish testing it) acquisition schedule. Having criticized concurrency in the past, the GAO would surely protest it is doing no such thing now, but that is the effect. If you doubt my judgment, read the assessment of Lockheed Martin's hired consultant praising the GAO report. (Lockheed-Martin produces the F-35.)
Second, I am said to have mischaracterized the GAO's evidence of the F-35 program making "considerable progress" in resolving the serious problems in the all-important helmet-mounted display of essential flight and threat information for the pilot. The GAO's substantiation of the "progress" is the argument that "DOD is pursuing a dual-design approach, essentially creating an alternative to the display's original design." In others words, the fix for the failure in one design is to try a second ("while working to fix the first"). The "considerable progress" is not in the functioning of the helmet but in the management decision to try an alternate approach. However, nothing in the GAO report gives credence to material progress in either helmet. All we have is the assurance that "program and contractor officials told us that they have increased confidence that the helmet will be fixed." As I said in my article, when I worked in the GAO division specializing in program evaluation and methodology, we used to laugh derisively at such data-free "officials told us" reports.
Nonetheless, we are assured by the GAO that "Pursuing an alternative is an appropriate way to reduce risk." Indeed, if that is truly the case, and the GAO believes its own prescription, where is the alternative design for the ever-problematic F-35 itself, and where is the GAO recommendation that such a management approach should be imposed on DOD? The F-35 program is riddled with remaining risks (even according to GAO), and an alternative design for new, better, cheaper fighters and ground-attack aircraft would vastly inform the debate and give decision-makers real choices.
Finally, the GAO stoutly defends its independence and competence, saying that formal discussions with agency officials about the facts in a report "before a draft report is sent for official comments" are necessary and appropriate "to ensure that the facts are not in dispute." I could not agree more; that's not what I alleged.
The practice in certain defense-related sections of the GAO today is to go beyond holding formal discussions to ensure the accuracy of facts. Instead, they send a written draft-document to agency officials well before the formal submission of an officially approved draft report for official agency comments. This is done for the purpose of acquiring comments from DOD officials not just on the accuracy of facts but also on the overall content. When those various comments from DOD officials are provided, they are received in the context of a GAO management climate that warns staff that "non-concurs" from (that is to say, disputes with) DOD are very much discouraged. In short, at this early stage of a draft GAO report, DOD has the opportunity to modify or even scrub out any unwanted findings, and it is done before the formal exchange of an official draft report and receipt of official agency comments that are publicly recorded in GAO reports. This process is all done in the absence of public disclosure.
When GAO managers impress on staff their desire to reduce to an absolute minimum those "non-concurs" with DOD, a "love letter" like that I describe in my article -- stating "The Department will continue to be supportive of the annual GAO review of the F-35 program" -- can be the result. This is not a reassuring relationship of an executive branch agency under investigation with its legislative branch overseer; it has all the hallmarks of the students interacting with the professors to influence the grade on their final exam.
In arguing against my central accusation that DOD exercised an unseen influence on the GAO's March 2013 F-35 report, the GAO sought to prove the independence and quality of its work by stating "GAO's quality assurance processes have been assessed on three separate occasions by teams of international auditors -- most recently in 2010 -- and in each case those processes were found to be effective and reliable."
But that's not exactly the whole story. Not only did those three outside reviews not include the specific GAO report in question, at least one of them did not give GAO a complete bill of health, insiders tell me. I am informed that one of the international peer reviews critiqued the GAO on the selection of evaluation criteria (i.e., issues such as the standards by which assertions like "considerable progress" should be measured). In response, the GAO has started an in-house training course to address the deficiency. But you would never know that by reading the GAO's retort to my article. (The GAO did not even name the three separate international auditors.)
I further wonder what the peer reviewers would have to say if they were allowed access -- including to all staff and their work papers -- to a GAO report that conveyed its draft content to the agency under investigation before the official agency comments were formally requested. I further wonder what peer reviewers would think of a management climate that admonished staff to eliminate areas of non-concurrence with the agency under investigation. (When I was at the GAO, they called it "having good relations with the agency.") Is this the relationship we want a watchdog agency to have with the people and programs under investigation?
All is not well in the GAO. The agency's retort to my criticisms is flawed; it seems to validate my concerns, and actually, it increases them.
Readers of the GAO's reports should be asking, is the GAO telling me all the facts I need to know, and is this report coming from an agency that disciplines itself to be strictly independent and at arm's length from those under inquiry -- not currying favor with them?
Winslow Wheeler
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Earth's North Magnetic Pole interactive
This interactive illustrates how a compass is used to find North, and how a compass can give a false reading because the North Magnetic Pole is not in exactly the same place as the Geographic North Pole. Drag the compass around the map to see how well it does at indicating True (Geographic) North.
(Note: If you cannot see the animation below, or it is not working properly, you may need to download the latest Flash player.)


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HMKB V1 60 Standard RAL7039
Time until product is ready to ship:
1-5 business days
Worldwide shipping from Germany. Shipping time depends on your location. More details here.
- top mount construction
- plate fully isolated (TPU grommets)
- high profile case, caps sink in deep
- adjustable typing angle (6, 8, 10 and 12°) via...
- screw attached mono foot
- low first/lowest key row
- weight of complete build ~1.45 kg
- includes grommets, bolts, standoffs, nuts and...
- user manual with build instructions
TPU through hole grommets are used to fully isolate the plate from the enclosure. The plate key layouts are mostly ANSI/ISO unified, though there are some ANSI and ISO dedicated variants. All support PCB-mounted stabilizers. More plate materials are planned for the future.
You can add further plates or order them separately over at the dedicated plate section in this shop. There you can also find plates with more exotic key layouts, like Boardwalk or DZ60 with arrow cluster.
If you want to get your own custom plate made, you can order the HMKB case without a plate. You do need a plate though, since the top mount construction requires it. If you consider a custom plate for your HMKB, you can find many downloadable plate files on then HMKB discord server. Further assistance can be provided when you reach out via the shops' contact form.
Most HMKBs can currently be paired with one of four different plate options...
The FR4 plate is very light weight. It is a simple, black plate without any copper layer. This plate makes a more poppy sound.
This plate variant is made from carbon steel. A black zink layer is applied through a galvanization process. This results in a deep black, it is durable and protects the steel from corrosion.
The inox plate is made from 304 stainless steel, also called "V2A" in German. It is bead blasted, which is a high quality surface treatment.
This plate has a more complex, so-called serpentine cut. This is meant to provide a slight, overall give to the plate assembly. Compared to the FR4 plate the sound of the inox plate is more silent and klacky.
The brass plate has a distinctly different design goal compared to the inox plate. It avoids any unnecessary cutouts in order to achieve a maximum amount off mass. The gained mass lowers the potential to resonate. Especially its wide frame helps to achieve this. This leads to a deeper and thocky typing sound. The plate is bead blasted, which is a high quality surface treatment. When you get the plate, it has a golden and clean look, which will change over time, since brass tarnishes when exposed to oxygen.
The foam is cut from EPDM and gets sandwiched between the plate and the pcb. With a thickness of 3.5mm, it fully fills the space between pcb and plate, firmly making contact with both and therefore dampens vibrations and noise. EPDM is well suited for sound and shock absorption. This foam is non sticky, which makes it easy to work with. There are a few separately available foam options available from third parties, so if you want to use those instead, you can order the HMKB case without the foam.
On all pcbs, the switches need to be soldered. For 40%, 60%, 65% and 80% various third party pcb options are available and many of those are hot swap capable. HMKB hot swap pcbs are planned for 2024. If you already have a pcb that fits, you do not need to include one with your HMKB order. All psbs have a USB-C plug. The pcbs can also be ordered separately over at the pcb product page of this store. There you can also find more details regarding each specific model.
Full steel, custom mechanical keyboard enclosure made from bent sheet metal. Combining steel and the manufacturing method of bending results in a heavy, rigid and durable construction. The bolts piercing through the frame reveal the top mount design. The overlapping and open flanges are a deliberate choice to reveal the method of folding. The typing angle can be adjusted by a screwable mono-foot, which keeps the case resting solid at every angle. When extended, the black mono-foot disappears in the shadow and makes the case appear like its rear is floating.
It is a minimalist design without any branding, made in Germany.
RAL 7039 Photos
RAL 7039 Renders
The powder coated steel cases are available in four colors. This coating is very durable and has a slightly grainy texture. A fifth version is made of stainless steel, it is bare metal with bead blasted finish.
- RAL 1013 oyster white, fine texture
- RAL 7039 quartz grey, fine texture
- RAL 9005 jet black, fine texture
- RAL 1023 traffic yellow, fine texture
- 304 stainless steel, bead blasted
RAL 1013 pairs well with old and classic cherry keycaps. RAL 7039 is a warm grey which is a perfect fit for dolch keycaps sets. RAL 9005 black goes well with almost everything. RAL 1023 is a vibrant yellow.
To represent the RAL colors in the renderings, the corresponding RGB values from this page were used. The colors on your specific monitor may appear different compared to the real life RAL colors.
Depending on the combination of your plate and pcb, many different key layouts can be built. To see exactly which key layouts you can build with your desired HMKB size and variant, please go to the layouts page to learn more.
Most product images are 3D renderings and are for illustration purposes only.
For powder coating the parts are put on racks. This will leave a little mark. It is usually at one of the holes. Since the holes will be covered by the bolt heads, these marks will not be visible when the case is assembled. Although highly unlikely, it is possible that dust particles may be caught in the powder coating.
The bending process leaves slight marks. They are not a concern for the powder coated steel parts and not visible at all. The stainless steel parts are not powder coated but bead blasted instead. On all of the prototypes the bead blasting removed those marks completely and they were not present anymore. However, there is a small chance that some stainless steel parts may show slight traces of these marks, even after the bead blasting.
The angles of the flanges may not always be perfectly 90˚. Though unlikely, a deviation of up to 1˚ can occur. This would still be hardly noticeable.
The switch plates can have scratches. Do to the manufacturing process of sheetmetal, the switch plates may be slightly bent.
None of these effects are considered a defect and are no reason for a refund or a replacement.
PCBs need to be checked first before soldering. After soldering, damaged PCBs are not eligible for replacement.
Shipping world wide, with just a few exceptions. See the current shipping prices over at this page.
Updates and news about new products and variants will be posted on the HMKB discord server. There you can also find many additional information, including lots of build pictures. The Newsletter will also provide some news and updates. If you are looking for additional information regarding HMKB, feel free to use the contact form, linked in the footer of this page.


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Company structure
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A digital shock pump with an accurate, easy-to-read gauge and a thread-on design that minimizes bleed-off so you can easily adjust your shock pressure.
Digitally dialed
Dialed suspension is crucial to a great ride. Upgrading to the Bontrager Digital Shock Pump will make it easy to dial-in front and rear suspension with confidence. It features a large, easy-to-read digital gauge that displays PSI/bar/kg/cm2, a bleed valve for fine-tuning pressure, and a thread-on design that quickly attaches for a reliable, secure connection.
Product details:
- Easy-to-read gauge accurately reads up to 300 PSI (20 bar)
- Threaded design for a secure connection that reduces bleed down
- Bleed valve reduces pressure in small increments
- Suitable for use with front forks and rear shocks
- Displays PSI, bar, or kg/cm2
- Replaceable CR2023 battery
Easy-to-read digital gauge
A broad, back-lit digital gauge provides accurate pressure readings to a maximum of 300psi (30 bar)
Minimize connection bleed off
Fast and secure connection minimizes bleed off when connecting and disconnecting
Bleed valve to fine tune suspension
The bleed valve allows you to release small amounts of pressure to fine tune your suspension to exactly where you want it
- Pump type: Suspension
- Valve: Schrader
- Gauge type: Digital
- Max pressure: 300psi
- Frame mounted: No
- Dimensions: 292mm (11.5")
- Hose length: 25.4cm (10")
Part Numbers
Option | UPC | MPN | Store SKU |
Black / One size | 601842766248 | 5275038 | PUM3440828K |


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The precautions taken by some employers over the coronavirus mean you may find yourself working from home, some for the first time.
For example, Telstra says it wants any Australian-based office staff who can work from home to do so until the end of the month "at a minimum". Many other employers are encouraging their staff to do the same.
You might feel this is a chance to stay in pyjamas all day, graze your way through the kitchen cupboards, and balance work tasks with online shopping and social media entries.
Read more: Social distancing can make you lonely. Here's how to stay connected when you're in lockdown
But that won't help the work get done, and it won't do much for your sense of well-being. So here are some useful strategies to help if you want to be productive and still feel connected to your workplace over what might be a long working-from-home period.
Work as normal
First prepare yourself for a normal working day. Get up as normal, shower, dress for a casual work day, brush your hair, look as normally presentable as you usually do.
This will put you in your normal work mindset. It will also help if you're suddenly included in a work meeting via Skype, Zoom, Facetime or Google Hangouts.
Next the physical environment. If you can, have a dedicated work space in a quiet room. It's really preferable not to work in bed or in your bedroom.
Set up some desk space similar to your office space at work, aiming to replicate your real work space will also help you achieve that work mindset. Plus you want a neutral background behind you for that work video call.
Use software and apps to help you stay connected, such as Slack, Jabber or other similar tools.
Your household data usage will likely increase as you become home-bound. Boost your Wi-fi facilities if you need to – refer to the support offered by your telecom company or internet provider. Some are already offering free upgrades to customers.
Have a plan
Book in daily work meetings via video hook-ups to stay connected and plan work tasks (now you'll be glad you got out of your PJs!).
You'll likely still have as much work to do, so plan for a full work day and prioritise your tasks as usual. Make sure you know what is expected of you. Discuss your work tasks with your supervisor as you normally would, it's important both you and they are clear about your daily work tasks and due dates.
If part of a team, then make sure you know what each member is working on and when their work is due, and follow this up by calls and emails. As always, tell your supervisor of any problems you experience with completing your work.
And remember it's preferable to discuss any problems via a phone or video call, rather than multiple emails, to better clarify the issues involved.
Read more: It's not just the isolation. Working from home has surprising downsides
It's also important to look after your psychological health, during what could become long periods of isolation. Your may feel a bit overwhelmed by the directive to work from home, and also anxious about the broader coronavirus situation.
Social contact is very important. If you're used to having lunch or coffee with colleagues, plan a quick social phone or video call to each other at lunchtime or after you have finished a few hours of work. It's really important to stay connected with your colleagues as usual and to make sure all feel supported.
Get some fresh air. If you can, have a daily walk to your local shop, or at least get outside in your garden or balcony. Hang out some washing, walk the dog, water a plant, pick some fresh veggies, just take a break from your desk and move around.
Call family, friends and colleagues to see how they're doing. Stay socially connected.
That work/life balance
It's also important to think through your work-home boundaries. We've become used to blurring these boundaries a little, which is often beneficial, helping us to manage our multiple demands.
But when your home and work are located in the same place, the boundary setting needs some consideration.
Be aware of home demands interfering with your work. Don't procrastinate work tasks by first doing some housework. Set yourself a target to complete a work task and when you've finished it then spend ten minutes doing the tidying.
Equally, don't let work take over your home life - just because work is always there doesn't mean you have to be. Finish about the time you normally would.
Walk away from your desk. Engage with your family and friends. A period of psychological recovery from work is vital to make sure you feel rested and productive for working from home tomorrow.


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Dogs at the Beach
Lassie, let's hit the water! During the summertime, the crowds flock to the beaches, rivers and lakes, some with their pooches! Here are some tips on how to make a trip to cooling waters fun with your furry friend.
It is summer, which means it is time for water! As a North Carolinian, my family loves going to the beach. We also love taking our dogs with us. However, it took us a couple trips to make the beach day a smooth adventure. Here are some tips we've learned about pet safety for a safe trip to the beaches, lakes, rivers and ponds, for both you and your dog.
- Doggy bowl & other supplies: Dogs, just like humans, can easily become dehydrated when playing in the sun all day. Even if you're visiting a fresh water lake or river, don't assume your pooch will easily be able to reach the water to drink. Some shorelines are steep, and access to the water for drinking would be tough. Plus, Fido might enjoy drinking water in shade. So, bring your pet's water bowl, along with lots of fresh water, if necessary. In addition, you may want to bring plastic bags for your dog's waste.
- Watch for Overheating: Signs of overheating in dogs include excessive panting and drooling, vomiting and/or diarrhea, lack of coordination or collapsing, and lack of consciousness. If you are worried that your pet is overheated, get him out of the sun and provide them with fresh water. You may want to call your veterinarian or the local animal hospital.
- Laws: Public swimming spots each have their own rules about dogs. One beach my family likes allows dogs to walk around without leashes, while another beach does not. Ask about the rules before you settle in on the shore.
- Sunscreen: Believe it or not, dogs can get sunburned too. Dogs with short coats or light colored fur are more at risk for dog sunburn, but almost all dogs can get it on their noses. There are sunscreens made especially for dogs that can be found at your local pet store. If you have any concerns about whether or not to use sunscreen on your pet, check with your veterinarian.
Do you take your pet to the beach? What are some precautions you take? Share with us in the comment section!
The post Dogs at the Beach appeared first on Pet Assure Blog.
- Posted by dvmgalaxy
- Posted in Uncategorized
- Jun, 29, 2020
- Comments Off on Dogs at the Beach


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If you had to photograph a wedding using only one lens then which lens would it be? Having taken a break from wedding photography for several years a friend tempted me back into the field: so which lens did I go for?
Weddings are tricky things to photograph. The guests always praise a "nice sunny day" but photographers know that harsh sunlight can create some tough lighting challenges. Fortunately, modern dSLRs make life much easier in this respect thanks to very sophisticated metering systems that provide balanced fill-in flash to tame sunlight's unflattering shadows.
Similarly, in the old days of medium-format film-based wedding photography everything was shot using non-zoom lenses. My own Mamiya RB67 kit was based on three primes; 65mm, 90mm and 180mm. Sometimes it would have been useful to have had something a bit wider too, especially when photographing interiors, but this trio worked very well overall.
Coming up to date, with a full-frame dSLR (Nikon D700) the obvious choice was to go for a high-quality zoom that covers from about half to double the standard focal-length. Given that the standard lens for full-frame dSLR is 50mm, versus 90mm for the RB67, this means a zoom range of about 25mm to 100mm. Good choices would therefore be one of the latest 24-120mm zooms… and right at the top of that league, in my opinion, is the Nikkor 24-120mm f/4G ED-IF VR, which scored 94% when I tested it last year. I don't own one of those lenses but Nikon UK very kindly loaned me a sample to test my theory that this really is the perfect wedding lens.
To answer that question it is first necessary to define what is important… Optical quality obviously ranks highly, as does a wide aperture (both for clear viewing under low-level lighting and to throw backgrounds out of focus when necessary). Good handling is also important – and that comes down to a combination of size, mass and overall layout. Nikon's lens excels in all these areas. In fact I think I was a bit mean when I tested the lens because the MTF curves didn't drop below the critical 0.25 cycles-per-pixel level, which normally deserves 20/20 but because of a very slight dip wide-open at longer focal-lengths it only got 19/20!
One of the nice things about this lens is the ability to apply manual adjustments when the lens is set to AF mode because there are times when it's quicker to do that than to change the active AF area. And the addition of an anti-shake (vibration reduction) system also helps when doing interior shots by available light.
In practice, the lens was used for every shot taken at the wedding: I almost had to reach for the Nikkor 16-35mm zoom when it came to the largest groups but squeezing people in and getting extra layers not only avoided having to change lenses but also gave a much more pleasing composition.
A couple of the resulting pictures are shown here, reflecting the variety of shots that the Nikkor 24-120mm zoom handled with ease. My thanks go to Adam and Kati for allowing me to publish these images here – and to Nikon UK for providing the kit to test my theory. WDC's previous lens test have already shown that the Nikkor 24-120mm is a very strong performer: this field test proves that it is also a worthy holder of my own award for the Ideal Wedding Lens.
All photographs (c) Jon Tarrant.


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M8 x 17mm Flat Round Washer G304 Stainless Steel
Free Shipping
Free Shipping
Estimated Delivery Time
For an estimated delivery time, please visit the product page of the item you wish to purchase. Enter your postcode into the "When will I receive this item?" section to receive a tailored delivery estimation. Please note that these estimates can vary based on stock availability, shipping conditions, and other variables.
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Every order will automatically receive free standard shipping, ensuring you get your items without any additional cost.
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Orders over $50 qualify for free express shipping, with an estimated delivery timeframe of 1-4 business days.
Next Business Day Delivery
Next business day delivery is available for selected postcodes and is subject to AusPost terms and conditions. Please refer to the table below for eligible postcodes:
City/State | Eligible Postcodes |
Canberra | 0200-0250, 2600-2620, 2900-2914 |
Sydney | 1000-1920, 2000-2249, 2555-2574, 2740-2786 |
Melbourne | 3000-3207, 3340-3341, 3750, 3755-3757, 8000-8785 |
Brisbane | 4000-4209, 9016-9019 |
Gold Coast | 2484-2490, 4210-4275, 9726 |
Adelaide | 5000-5171, 5800-5950 |
Perth CBD | 6000-6005, 6800-6899 |
Tasmania | 7000-7019, 7050-7053, 7055, 7248-7251, 7253, 7258, 7261, 7267, 7275-7300, 7306, 7310, 7311-7315, 7320-7322, 7325, 7800-7899 |
Same-day Dispatch
DMS Fasteners aims to dispatch all weekday orders placed before 2:00 PM (AEST) on the same day.
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Once your order has been dispatched from our warehouse, you will receive an email notification containing your shipment tracking information. This allows you to monitor your package's journey and get a clear estimate of its arrival.
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While we strive to provide accurate delivery estimates, please be aware that delays can occur due to factors such as stock availability, shipping conditions, and other unforeseen variables. We appreciate your understanding and patience in such situations.
Additionally, please note that tracking information may or may not be provided depending on the item purchased. If tracking is available, you will receive an email notification with your shipment tracking details once your order has been dispatched.
No Deadline Returns
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Unlimited Returns with a 20% Restocking Fee
While we offer an unlimited timeframe to return your items, please note that all returns are subject to a 20% restocking fee. This fee helps us maintain our high standards of quality and service. Please note that cancellations will be treated the same as returns, subject to the same 20% restocking fee.
Return Conditions
To be eligible for a return, your item must be in the same condition you received it, unworn or unused, with tags, and in its original packaging. You'll also need the receipt or proof of purchase.
Start Your Return
- Self-Serve Returns (For Registered Customers): If you have a customer account, you can initiate a return directly through our self-serve returns portal. This streamlined process is quick and easy.
- Via Email: If you don't have a customer account, no problem! Just email us at firstname.lastname@example.com to start your return process.
Please note, the buyer is responsible for the return shipping label and associated costs.
Return Process
Once your return request is accepted, we will provide you with instructions on how and where to send your package. Please remember, items sent back to us without first requesting a return will not be accepted.
Damages and Issues
Upon receiving your order, please inspect it and contact us immediately if the item is defective, damaged, or if you receive the wrong item. We will evaluate the issue and work promptly to make it right.
To exchange an item, return the original item, and once the return is accepted, you can make a separate purchase for the new item.
After we receive and inspect your return, we will inform you whether the refund was approved or not. Approved refunds will be processed, and a credit will automatically be applied to your original method of payment within 5 business days. Note that it may take some time for your bank or credit card company to process and post the refund.
If more than 15 business days have passed since we approved your return, please contact us at email@example.com.
Type | : | Washer |
System of Measurement | : | Metric |
Washer Style | : | Flat Round Washer |
Washer Size | : | M8 |
Washer Outer Diameter | : | 17mm |
Washer Thickness | : | 1.6mm |
Grade/Class | : | 304/A2 |
Finish | : | Stainless Steel |
Disclaimer | : | This information is provided for general informational purposes only. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy and reliability, it is offered without warranty. Consultation with professionals or experts is advisable for specific situations. The authors, publishers, and distributors bear no responsibility for errors, omissions, or actions based on this information. Users assume all associated risks, and reliance on any part of the content is at the user's own risk. |
G304 Flat Round Washers for Precision and Durability
Introducing our selection of G304 Flat Round Washers, expertly designed to meet the highest standards of precision and durability for a wide array of fastening applications. Ideal for use in environments requiring corrosion resistance and strength, such as marine, food processing, and outdoor construction projects, these washers come in a comprehensive range of metric sizes. Made from G304/A2 stainless steel, our washers ensure a secure and lasting assembly.
Product Features:
- Wide Metric Size Range: Available in sizes M1.6, M2, M2.5, M3, M4, M6, M8, M10, M12, M14, and M16, catering to diverse application needs.
- Varied Outer Diameters: With outer diameters ranging from 4mm to 37mm, our washers provide precise fitting across different bolt sizes for enhanced load distribution.
- Multiple Thickness Options: Thicknesses from 0.3mm to 3.0mm allow for tailored application based on specific requirements for spacing and load distribution.
- G304/A2 Stainless Steel Construction: G304, also known as A2 stainless steel, is renowned for its excellent corrosion resistance and durability. It's an ideal choice for applications where exposure to moisture or chemicals is common, providing long-lasting performance without rusting or corroding.
- Metric Sizes: M1.6, M2, M2.5, M3, M4, M6, M8, M10, M12, M14, M16
- Outer Diameters: 4mm, 5mm, 6.5mm, 7mm, 9mm, 12.5mm, 17mm, 21mm, 24mm, 28mm, 30mm, 37mm
- Thicknesses: 0.3mm, 0.5mm, 0.8mm, 1.6mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm, 3.0mm
- Material: G304/A2 Stainless Steel
Use Cases:
- Marine Applications: Perfect for securing components in marine environments where saltwater corrosion resistance is essential.
- Food Processing Equipment: Ideal for assembly and maintenance of food processing equipment, where hygiene and corrosion resistance are paramount.
- Outdoor Construction Projects: Provides reliable fastening solutions for outdoor construction, resisting weathering and environmental degradation.
- General Industrial Applications: Suitable for a variety of industrial applications where durable and corrosion-resistant fastening is necessary.
Our G304 Flat Round Washers are the perfect choice for professionals seeking reliable, high-quality washers for a wide range of fastening applications. With their robust G304/A2 stainless steel construction and versatile size options, these washers ensure lasting performance and protection against corrosion.
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Technical Resources
Access our technical guides and resources for detailed information on your fasteners.


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Troy Hartman | Aerial Stuntman
Troy Hartman is credited with undisputedly the largest variety of grand scale aerial stunts performed by any stuntman. He started his career in the early 90's as a pioneer of the sport of Skysurfing, earning an X-Games World Champion title along the way. This opened the door to Hollywood stunt work, and at the turn of the century Troy found himself hosting the hit MTV show "Senseless Acts of Video." Here he performed over 40 stunts, most of which had never been done before. With his aerial achievements etched in history, you have no doubt seen or heard of Troy's work.
- First ever plane-to-plane skydive
- Only person in history to skydive from an exploding aircraft
- First ever parachute on fire stunt
- Triple gainer bridge BASE jump through the steel structure
- Only person in history to freefall inside a fully enclosed vehicle
- Piloted a stunt plane through the narrowest section of the Grand Canyon, 1800 feet below the rim
- First and only BASE jump through a high-rise window (37th floor)
- First and only parachute landing on a moving train
- First to skysurf from over 33,000 feet
- Only pilot in history to fly a Cessna in a sustained vertical freefall
- Motorcycle to airplane transfer
- "Negative-G Ejection" from an L39 jet
- First to wakeboard behind a helicopter, from water to 3000 feet
- Cluster balloon flight to 13,000 feet
- Flew a stunt plane beneath a jumping quad
- Rode a bomb out of the release bay of a B-29
- First person to skydive with skis, land on a mountain slope, and continue skiing after cutaway
- World Record 3000 foot bungee jump from a hot air balloon
- Only person to ride a tumbling grand piano in freefall
- X-Games Skysurfing World Champion
- The face of Pepsi "Goose", the only skydiving commercial ever to win the Super Bowl Ad Contest
- Invented the "Henhouse Surprise", the most memorable skysurfing move in history
- First BASE jump from a moving semi truck off a bridge
- Inventor of the personal jetpack used for skiing and speed wing flight
- Perfect safety record
Currently Troy is continuing development of his personal jetpack and skydiving jet wing. He is available for aerial stunt work, stunt coordinating, and consulting. Troy works with only the best in the business, and has his own team consisting of an aerial director of cinematography, aerial cameraman, helicopter pilots, jump plane pilots, professional skydivers and certified riggers. He looks forward to the next challenge…
About Troy
The Jetpack
Senseless Acts of Video