text:
The Destruction Of CIA Interrogation Tapes
To me, withholding these tapes from the 9/11 Commission, and then destroying them is an obvious crime. However, this isn't the first piece of 9/11 evidence that has been destroyed. There were FAA tapes destroyed. According to Curt Weldon, as reported by AP, "a Pentagon employee was ordered to destroy documents that identified Mohamed Atta as a terrorist two years before the 2001 attacks."
I think the efforts by Zelikow, Kean, and Hamilton to badmouth the CIA are obviously an attempt at re-establishing any credibility they may have had, though, I don't see that as possible since they have none. I also think they are trying to make the CIA the "scapegoat" for 9/11. I do think the CIA should be investigated with regard to the attacks, but I certainly don't think we should stop with them (White House, NORAD, FAA, Secret Service, Pentagon, I'm looking in your direction).
The media is focusing on the torture aspect of the tapes, but seems to be ignoring the question of what was on them. With few exceptions. Gerald Posner said that a source told him Zubaydah mentioned Saudi Arabia and Pakistani involvement or support for the 9/11 attacks. Someone else speculated about "Israeli participation" during the interrogations. I don't know what was on those tapes. I wasn't there. I believe Naomi Wolf said it best:
"What we are likely to see if the tapes documenting the interrogation of Abu Zubaydah and Abd Al-Rahim Al-Nashiri are ever recovered is that the "confessions" of the prisoners upon which the White House has built its entire case for subverting the Constitution and suspending civil liberties in this country was obtained through methods such as electrocution, beating to the point of organ failure, hanging prisoners from the wrists from a ceiling, suffocation, and threats against family members ("I am going to find your mother and I am going to fuck her" is one direct quote from a US interrogator). On the missing tapes, we would likely see responses from the prisoners that would be obvious to us as confessions to anything at all in order to end the violence. In other words, if we could witness the drama of manufacturing by torture the many violently coerced "confessions" upon which the whole house of cards of this White House and its hyped "war on terror" rests, it would likely cause us to reopen every investigation, including the most serious ones (remember, even the 9/11 committee did not receive copies of the tapes); shut down the corrupt, Stalinesque Military Commissions System; turn over prisoners, the guilty and the innocent, into a working, accountable justice system operating in accordance with American values; and direct our legal scrutiny to the torturers themselves -- right up to the office of the Vice President and the President if that is where the investigations would lead."
CIA Admits It Destroyed Tapes Of Interrogations
C.I.A. Was Urged to Keep Interrogation Videotapes
Bush: 'No recollection' of tapes
9/11 Commission's Lee Hamilton '52 Reacts to CIA Destruction of Torture Tapes
Inquiry into why CIA tapes destroyed
CIA's destruction of terror tapes probed
US intelligence under fire for CIA tapes, Iran report
Preliminary inquiry into the destruction of videotapes by the CIA
The facts behind the CIA tape inquiry
Justice, CIA watchdog launch inquiry
Probe into destroyed CIA interrogation videos begins
CIA is accused of torture cover-up
Senator seeks tougher CIA tapes inquiry
White House goes mum on CIA video case
Ex-CIA interrogator says waterboarding is torture
Destruction of C.I.A. Tapes Cleared by Lawyers
The Man Who Ordered CIA's Tape Destruction
The CIA's Destroyed Interrogation Tapes and the Saudi-Pakistani 9/11 Connection
Not many answers from CIA director
CIA destroyed tapes despite court orders
Was Pelosi aware of CIA's tactics?
Which lie should we believe? CIA admits it destroyed evidence it said didn't exist.
Torture tapes
Justice Dept.: Back off on CIA tapes
Hoekstra defies Bush administration, pledges investigation into destroyed CIA tapes
Congress will defy Justice Dept. on destroyed CIA tapes; Harman: 'We're in Constitutional crisis'
Judge Orders Hearing On CIA Interrogation Tapes
What is Probably in the Missing Tapes
Bush Lawyers Discussed Fate of C.I.A.Tapes
Newspaper: Gonzales in on tape destruction talks
New York Times Agrees to Story Correction on White House Role in Destroyed CIA Tapes
House Judiciary witness: Destroyed CIA tapes are 'ultimate cover-up'
Bush: My answer on when I learned about CIA tape destruction 'sounds pretty clear to me'
Subpoena of CIA officials threatened
White House faces hearing on CIA tapes
Congress subpoenas ex-CIA official
9/11 Panel Study Finds That C.I.A. Withheld Tapes
CIA obstructed 9/11 investigators: report
CIA spokesman says agency cooperated with 9/11 panel
CIA chief to drag White House into torture cover-up storm
Wagons circled at CIA over tapes' demise
9/11 Commission chair: 'No question' CIA knew we wanted tapes
CIA Says It Cooperated With 9/11 Panel
CIA: rogue or victim in tapes flap?
The C.I.A. Tapes: Our Need to Know
CIA Tapes' Destruction Just Like Watergate
Confessions of a Terrorist
Details on why CIA tapes were made, destroyed
Looking at America
9/11 commission leaders blast CIA on interrogation tapes
Stonewalled by the C.I.A.
Mukasey: Criminal probe begins into CIA tapes
Statement By 9/11 Family Member Donna Marsh O'Connor On The CIA Tapes
Conyers Demands that DOJ Appoint Real Special Counsel
Harman releases Feb. '03 letter warning CIA not to destroy tapes
Will Justice Go After Cheney?
Destruction of More Than C.I.A. Tapes
More CIA torture videos
Judge Won't Inquire Into CIA Tapes Case
Ex-C.I.A. Aide Won't Testify on Tapes Without Immunity
No Immunity, No Testimony
Station Chief Made Appeal To Destroy CIA Tapes
Tapes Destroyed Over CIA's Objections
Lawmaker says CIA official defied instructions to preserve tapes
House Panel Criticizes CIA Tape Destruction
Who Will Take the Fall for the CIA Torture Tape Scandal?
Judge wants answers on CIA videotapes
C.I.A. Destroyed Tapes as Judge Sought Interrogation Data
Official: FBI agents interrogated detainees separately from CIA
AP Newsbreak: CIA destroyed 92 interrogation tapes
CIA admits it destroyed 92 interrogation tapes
Feds probably won't charge anyone for destroying CIA tapes
CIA destroyed 12 tapes showing 'enhanced interrogation methods'
CIA reveals it has 3,000 pages of documents relating to destroyed interrogation tapes
Top CIA officials appear before jury over destruction of al-Qaida tapes
Judge Rules CIA Can Suppress Information About Torture Tapes and Memos
Key omission in memo to destroy CIA terror tapes
Judge Rules CIA Can Withhold Info about Illegal Methods
Secret terrorist tapes of 9/11 plotter Ramzi Binalshibh found under CIA desk


text:
Users can set "Finish-to-Start" dependency between tasks, so that successor task cannot be started until predecessor task is finished.
To add predecessor task
Note If you select the same task as predecessor for the same task, the following message will appear:
When predecessor task is added, the successor task gets the Blocked state, the By Predecessor reason, and the code of the predecessor task in thePredecessors column.
Note If successor task has several predecessors or predecessor with several subtasks, the task will be unblocked only when all the tasks in the All Predecessors list are closed.
Tip Closed predecessor tasks in the All Predecessors list appear dimmed.
You can use shortcut menu to open or find task predecessors and successors:
The code of predecessor tasks is displayed as link in the Predecessors column.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
English Poetry II: From Collins to Fitzgerald.
The Harvard Classics. 1909–14.
John Keats
531. Ode to Autumn
Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun;
Conspiring with him how to load and bless
With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eaves run;
To bend with apples the moss'd cottage-trees,
And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core;
With a sweet kernel; to set budding more,
And still more, later flowers for the bees,
Until they think warm days will never cease;
For Summer has o'erbrimm'd their clammy cells.
Sometimes whoever seeks abroad may find
Thee sitting careless on a granary floor,
Thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind;
Or on a half-reap'd furrow sound asleep,
Drowsed with the fume of poppies, while thy hook
Spares the next swath and all its twinéd flowers:
And sometimes like a gleaner thou dost keep
Steady thy laden head across a brook;
Or by a cider-press, with patient look,
Thou watchest the last oozings, hours by hours.
Think not of them, thou hast thy music too,
While barréd clouds bloom the soft-dying day
And touch the stubble-plains with rosy hue;
Then in a wailful choir the small gnats mourn
Among the river-sallows, borne aloft
Or sinking as the light wind lives or dies;
And full-grown lambs loud bleat from hilly bourn;
Hedge-crickets sing, and now with treble soft
The redbreast whistles from a garden-croft;
And gathering swallows twitter in the skies.


text:
The Lord's Goodness to the Faithful
A Psalm of David.
I will praise You with my whole heart;
Before the gods I will sing praises to You.
2 I will worship toward Your holy temple,
And praise Your name
For Your lovingkindness and Your truth;
For You have magnified Your word above all Your name.
3 In the day when I cried out, You answered me,
And made me bold with strength in my soul.
4 All the kings of the earth shall praise You, O Lord,
When they hear the words of Your mouth.
5 Yes, they shall sing of the ways of the Lord,
For great is the glory of the Lord.
6 Though the Lord is on high,
Yet He regards the lowly;
But the proud He knows from afar.
7 Though I walk in the midst of trouble, You will revive me;
You will stretch out Your hand
Against the wrath of my enemies,
And Your right hand will save me.
8 The Lord will perfect that which concerns me;
Your mercy, O Lord, endures forever;
Do not forsake the works of Your hands.


text:
Have you ever heard that people go crazy during a full Moon? What's going on to cause all this lunacy? Or maybe, just maybe, it's all a myth and nothing special ever happens during full moons.
If I went crazy, like real actual cluster-cuss crazy, you might call me a lunatic. Or you might say I suffered from lunacy. What does that even mean? This word comes from lunaticus, meaning "of the moon" or moonstruck. It was more popular during the late 1800's, yet it still hangs around.
Surely it must still be an important and useful diagnostic medical term. As when the Moon is full, everyone goes crazy. It's called the lunar effect. Everyone knows that. Right?
People have theorized for thousands of years that the Moon has all kinds of impacts on us. It affects fertility, crime rates, dog attacks, and increases blood loss during surgery. It must be a full Moon, they say. Full moon tomorrow night! All the crazies will be out! they say.
So what causes all this moon madness. What makes us sprout metaphorical canines and race around in a fugue state hungry for manflesh when the moon is full? Are we experiencing tidal forces from the Moon on our internal organ juices? Is it a result of us evolving lockstep with the lunar cycle? Perhaps the light coming from the Moon affects our visual cortex in a way to stimulate the animalistic parts of the brain? It has been with us for so long as a belief, there must be something to it. Right?
Nope, it's all a myth. All of it. Tidal effects on behaviour aren't happening. We experience two high and two low tides every day, and it has nothing to do with the phase of the Moon. In fact, your body experiences more gravity from your chair than it does from the Moon. If the motion of blood was somehow that reactive, should you step into a full elevator everyone would pass out with all the blood rushing to their extremities pulled by your gravity.
No way! You say! It's true! Because the Moon is closer when it's full, and its tug on our "materia" and "humors" is stronger. Unfortunately for this theory, our Moon travels an elliptical orbit, and the time when the Moon is closest has nothing to do with when it's full.
The Moon can be full and close – supermoon. Or it can be full but farther away – minimoon.
In 1985, a team of scientists did a meta study, looking at 37 separate research papers that attempted to study the Moon's impact on all aspects of humanity. They found papers that demonstrated a correlation, and then promptly found the mistakes in the research. They found absolutely no evidence. We don't get into more car accidents. Hospital rooms aren't more crowded. Werewolves aren't apparently a thing.
We do notice the coincidences, when something strange occurs and there happens to be a full Moon. But we don't notice all the times when there wasn't a full Moon. To learn more about this, I'd suggest heading over to the wonderful blog "You are not so smart" by David McRaney, and reading up on "Confirmation Bias".
So, where did this idea come from? Historians suspect it's possible that the brightness of a full moon disturbed people's sleep schedules.
I'm partial to the idea that in history, the full Moon was a high time for people to be active at night, favoring work or travel by the light of the full moon. So, perhaps there were more accidents.
But not any more. People are superstitious about mundane things like black cats, ladders and broken mirrors, it's not surprising they're superstitious about our beautiful and bright companion prettying up the sky almost every night.
What do you think? What's your favorite full moon superstition? Tell us in the comments below.


text:
John Wycliffe
Theologian / Translator
Date Of Birth:
c. 1324
Date Of Death:
31 December 1384
Place Of Birth:
Hipswell, England
Best Known As:
Church reformer who translated the Bible into English
John Wycliffe (sometimes Wyclif) was a scholar at Oxford who wrote on philosophy and theology. In the 1370s he was condemned for errors and heresies by Popes Gregory XI and Urban VI, but his popularity in England allowed him to escape arrest and persecution by the Church. In 1380 Wyclif claimed that transubstantiation was not supported by the Bible; he was condemned at Oxford as a heretic and forced to retire. After his retirement he continued to write and is credited with initiating the first full English translation of the Bible. His followers, called Lollards, are considered forerunners to the Protestant Reformation.
Copyright © 1998-2017 by Who2?, LLC. All rights reserved.
See also:


text:
BUSINESS WEEK 2017 / Cara Biasucci Oct. 3, 2017, 12:35 pm
From Loretta Sanchez
Related Media
Business Week is a forum for students to get connected with the real world and learn from top business and civic leaders. The three-day event includes a job fair (Meet-the-Firms), the La Quinta Keynote Lecture, and lectures and workshops on current topics from top business leaders.
The week concludes with an awards dinner and reception to celebrate student and faculty achievements. It is also a platform for companies to network with other business leaders, renew old connections and create new ones. This event is a longstanding tradition in the Greehey School of Business.
All lectures will be held in the Alkek Business Building, Atrium, unless otherwise stated.La Quinta Keynote Lecture
Macroeconomics and Its Effect on Retail
Craig Boyan, President and Cheif Operating Officer, H-E-B
9:45 to 11 a.m.
Predictably Irrational: Ethics in the 21st Century
Cara Biasucci, Project Director of Business, Government and Society at the University of Texas at Austin
12:35 to 1:45 p.m.
International Networking: How To Do It Effectively
Iñigo Arzac, Chairman of the Board, World Affairs Council of San Antonio, and Managing Partner, AXON Consultants, SABEResPODER
2 to 3:15 p.m.
From Dressing for the Job You Want to Understanding Corporate Culture: Tools for Success in a Globally Connected World
Moderator: Kelsey Myers (B.B.A. '14)
Panelists: Danko Barisic (B.A. '08, M.B.A. '11), Stephanie M. Norton (B.B.A. '10, M.B.A. '12), and Desmond
Savage (M.B.A. '13).
Noon to 2 p.m.
Meet-the-Firms Career Fair
Are you ready for a job or internship? Meet more than 35 local, regional and national employers who are looking to hire.
2 to 5 p.m., University Center, Conference Room A
MBA Alumni Reception
6 to 8 p.m.
Technology's Role in Global Economy: Why the U.S. Needs to Keep Up with the Rest of the World
Lanham Napier, Co-founder, BuildGroup and former CEO, Rackspace Hosting
9:45 to 11 a.m.
Corporate Entrepreneurship and Venturing in Large Global Firms
Deryck J. van Rensburg, Dean, Graziadio School of Business and Management at Pepperdine University, and former President, Coca-Cola Global Ventures
11:10 a.m. to 12:10 p.m.
Brexit, China, and the Future of Business in an Enlightened World
The Right Honourable Henry McLeish, St. Mary's University School of Law Visiting Professor of European Studies, and former First Minister of Scotland
12:35 to 1:45 p.m.
Discovering Your Limitless Opportunity in San Antonio
Jenna Saucedo-Herrera (B.B.A. '09), President and CEO, San Antonio Economic Development Foundation
2 to 3:15 p.m.
Student and Faculty Awards and Dinner
6 p.m., Check-in and Reception
7 p.m., Dinner and Awards
Omni San Antonio Hotel at the Colonnade
9821 Colonnade Blvd.
San Antonio, Texas 78230
For more information, contact Lisa Garcia at email@example.com or 210-436-3707.
- Tags


text:
What's the Best (And Worst) State to Be Single in 2017?
You may be single and ready to mingle, but not everyone is.
WalletHub, fresh off its rankings of the best cities for Valentine's Day, has now come out with its best states for singles.
The site cultivated its list by looking at nearly two dozen factors across three platforms: dating economics, dating opportunities and romance and fun.
So, if you're all by your lonesome this Valentine's Day, fret not, especially if you're in Washington, which emerged as the top state for singles. Sadly, if you're not in a relationship in Mississippi, may we recommend moving? That state came in dead last. In fact, more than half of the bottom 10 states are in the South. Either Southern gentlemen are a thing of the past or they just can't find all those Southern belles we always hear about.
Hmm, maybe residents would be wise to try the online dating thing.
10 Best States for Singles
- Washington
- Colorado
- California
- Montana
- South Dakota
- Texas
- Hawaii
- Nevada
- Washington, D.C.
- Florida
10 Worst States for Singles
- Mississippi
- Alabama
- Arkansas
- West Virginia
- Alaska
- Kentucky
- New Mexico
- South Carolina
- Tennessee
- Maryland


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* * >
"Man can you draw"- quote of Clement Greenberg
Welcome to my online catalog. |
Carol Sutton is an award winning artist, whose new paintings are born out of a love of Manet's art, and look like what Roy Orbison's music sounds like. You will see her Spirit Balcony images and her stunning photographs of Blank Photo .Sutton's art has extraordinary diversity and originality while it obtains both depth of feeling & beauty. Groups span wide subjects & include: early prints, sculpture, performance sculpture for music, painting, paper colleges, a large paper oeuvre. Currently creating Rome fresco inspired images. Projects underway are Gustave Calliebotte & Garden Plans. Carol Sutton's artwork is represented in many public and private international contemporary art collections including: Smithsonian American Art Museum,The Museum of Fine Arts Boston, Mass. Quality does not lieImagesTextRecent |


text:
Tag: surname mann
Kidney Dysfunction Is Associated with Thrombosis and Disease Severity in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Implications from the German Study Group for MPN Bioregistry
Irritation-induced thrombosis represents a extreme complication in sufferers with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and in these with kidney dysfunction. Overlapping disease-specific attributes recommend frequent mechanisms concerned in MPN pathogenesis, kidney dysfunction, and thrombosis. Knowledge from 1420 sufferers with important thrombocythemia (ET, 33.7%), polycythemia vera (PV, 38.5%), and myelofibrosis (MF, 27.9%) had been extracted from the bioregistry…
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text:
Robert E. Machol
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Robert Engel Machol (October 16, 1917 – November 12, 1998) was an American systems engineer and Professor of Systems at the Kellogg Graduate School of Management of Northwestern University.
[edit]- The fellow who is able to get the grants and contracts is the fellow who gets the doctoral students. Each student publishes two or three papers on his thesis, in each of which he cites his professor's work. Then he goes on and does his own subsequent work, in which, of course, he cites those thesis papers which were coauthorised by his professor.
- Robert Machol in: "Now it is to be cited or perish." New Scientist. Vol. 67, nr. 964. August 28, 1974. p. 491
System Engineering (1957)
[edit]Robert E. Machol, Harry H. Goode (1957) System Engineering: An Introduction to the Design of Large-scale Systems. McGraw-Hill.
- The lack of formal definition does not prevent us from noting the characteristics which are frequently present in large scale systems. Each such system has a certain integrity. It may or may not be rigidly controlled from some central point, but in every case, all the parts of the system have some common purpose; in some sense, they all contribute to the production of a single set of optimum outputs from the given set of inputs, with respect to some appropriate measure of effectiveness.
- p. 5; As cited in: Allen B. Rosenstein (1965) "Systems engineering and Modern Engineering Design"
- A new concept and a new method were needed. The concept from the engineering standpoint is the evolution of the engineering scientist, i.e., the scientific generalist who maintains a broad outlook. The method is that of the team approach. On large-scale-system problems, teams of scientists and engineers, generalists as well as specialists, exert their joint efforts to find a solution and physically realize it.
We are led to the concept of the system-design team, a small group of engineers or scientists, to lead a large project and organize the system effort. Such men have been variously called engineering scientists, system engineers, system analysts, or large-scale-system designers. The technique has been variously called the systems approach or the team development method. It is toward this man and his teammates that these discussions are directed. With the realization that not enough can be learned in all the required fields to make him a specialist, enough is introduced to make him aware of the language and problems of the specialist. This generalist is a new quantity in the engineering world, and his education must be begun.- p. 8
- There are four distinct bases on which a system-design book might be organized. First are the chronological phases through which the system-design effort passes, such as organization and preliminary design. Second are the logical steps such as analysis of the single thread (operation on a single input) and high traffic (methods of handling multiplex inputs). Third are the parts of the system, such as communications and displays. Fourth are the tools of system design, such as information theory and queueing theory.
- p. 8
- [Systems should be classified] on the basis of the types of inputs with which they must cope.
- p. 299; As cited in: Thomas C. Ford (2008) Interoperability Measurement. p. 146
- [This set of inputs [can be defined] as 1) input which is always the same or is of many types, 2) input which occurs periodically (or very infrequently), and 3) input which does or does not seek to destroy the system. Their rationale for developing the classification was to aid in the definition of steps to be followed in order to find the] solution of the problem of a large-scale or complex system.
- p. 302; As cited in: Thomas C. Ford (2008) Interoperability Measurement. p. 146
- Every large-scale system is an information system. The automatic factory, the vehicular-traffic system, any military system- in the design of all these systems, primary attention should be given to the flow of information about the elements of the system.
- p. 316
- Management has a design and operation function, as does engineering. The design is usually done under the heading of organization. It should be noted first that the performance of a group of people is a strong function of the capabilities of the individuals and a rather weak function of the way they are organized. That is, good people do a fairly good job under almost any organization and a somewhat better one when the organization is good. Poor talent does a poor job with a bad organization, but it is still a poor job no matter what the organization. Repeated reorganizations are noted in groups of individuals poorly suited to their function, though no amount of good organization will give good performance. The best architectural design fails with poor bricks and mortar. But the payoff from good organization with good people is worthwhile.
- p. 514; As cited in: Joseph E. Kasser (2010) "Seven systems engineering myths and the corresponding realities"
Information and Decision Processes (1960)
[edit]R. E. Machol (ed.) (1960) Information and Decision Processes McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York,
- In April of 1959, ten of this country's leading scholars forgathered on the campus of Purdue University to discuss the nature of information and the nature of decision... What interests do these men have in common?... To answer these questions it is necessary to view the changing aspect of the scientific approach to epistemology, and the striking progress which has been wrought in the very recent past. The decade from 1940 to 1950 witnessed the operation of the first stored- program digital computer. The concept of information was quantified, and mathematical theories were developed for communication (Shannon) and decision (Wald). Known mathematical techniques were applied to new and important fields, as the techniques of complex- variable theory to the analysis of feedback systems and the techniques of matrix theory to the analysis of systems under multiple linear constraints. The word "cybernetics" was coined, and with it came the realization of the many analogies between control and communication in men and in automata. New terms like "operations research" and "system engineering" were introduced; despite their occasional use by charlatans, they have signified enormous progress in the solution of exceedingly complex problems, through the application of quantitative ness and objectivity.
- p. vii
- At this time it is difficult to put one's finger on any single contribution in the decade 1950 - 1960 which is comparable to those above, and yet progress has probably been even greater. From the point of view of an educator, one cannot overlook the wide distribution which has been given to these ideas. There has been remarkable progress from analysis to synthesis, always a sign of maturity in a field of analytic endeavour. There has been consolidation, for example in the establishment of a more rigorous basis for information theory; there has been unification, for example in the demonstration of the formal similarity between game theory and linear programming; there has been application to mathematically more difficult situations, for example nonlinear servo systems and information channels with memory; there has been implementation, as in commercially available computers which by any reasonable measure are hun- dreds of times more powerful than the primitive devices of 1950; there has been de-limitation of the boundaries of many of these fields.
- p. viii
- We have discovered in this past decade that thinking, and decision, are not solely the province of the metaphysicist, but are appropriate subjects for scientific inquiry.
- p. viii
- We assert that it is possible to describe analytically any human function which can be reasonably defined in objective terms and we specifically include in such functions "thinking" insofar as that term is definable. If by "thinking" one means being able to do arithmetic, or play a good game of chess, or learn from experience, or make optimal decisions in exceedingly complex situations, then we assert that thinking can be described analytically. And there are two important corollaries: if It can be described analytically, it can be simulated; and if it can be simulated, it can be performed mechanically.
- p. viii-ix
- [There is a] basic problem … of building a mathematical model of thought processes, and in particular of those aspects of thought which are concerned with information and decision processes. The perceptron is one type of model -- a set of memory devices connected in random fashion-- which has not yet achieved useful results but certainly seems to be a promising approach. The self-adaptive feedback control system which goes beyond the normal servo function of controlling its output, and in addition controls the parameters by which it controls its output is another which has already achieved pragmatic results in equipment control. It may be that the question of self-adaptation is a key to the whole question of how the human functions in a decisioning situation. For in many cases the ability of the human mind to adapt itself to a changing and complex environment is beyond our present aims in model construction.
- p ix-x
- Sometimes it is more difficult to formulate the criterion for a problem than to state the question itself.
- p. xi
Mathematicians are useful (1971)
[edit]Robert Machol in: Paul Lewis "Mathmaticians Are Useful." The California Tech. May 6, 1971.
- Everyone knows what engineering is. All that's left is to define systems, and I'm not fool enough to do that.
- p. 1: Machol explains his definition of systems engineering.
- The purpose and real value of systems engineering is... to keep going around the loop; find inadequacies and make improvements.
- p. 1
- Mathematicians are there to find the constraints and to eliminate those things that aren't constraints... I know this will surprise many of you, but they are useful!
- p. 1
- Scientists possess healthy skepticism. They realize that you've got to know the answer before you measure it.
- p. 1:
- The ideal system engineer is an engineer thoroughly versed in his field but conversant with and knowledgeable of other fields. You have to have the capability and desire to become a 'six-month expert'... You've got to want to become a generalist, too.
- p. 1
Principles of Operations Research (1975)
[edit]Robert E. Machol (1975) "Principles of Operations Research—9. The Hawthorne Effect." Interfaces 5:31-32;
- The conclusions of most good operations research studies are obvious.
- Cited in: Paul Dickson (1999) The official rules and explanations. p. 14
- Machol named this the "Billings Phenomenon". Dickson explains: "The name refers to a well-known Billings story in which a farmer becomes concerned that his black horses are eating more than his white horses. He does a detailed study of the situation and finds that he has more black horses than white horses, Machol points out."
- If the assumptions are wrong, the conclusions aren't likely to be very good.
- Cited in: Norman Pascoe (2011) Reliability Technology: Principles and Practice of Failure Prevention in Electronic Systems. Ch. 5
- There comes a time when one must stop suggesting and evaluating new solutions, and get on with the job of analyzing and implementing one pretty good solution.
- Cited in: "Joke, Anecdotes, etc" by Moshe Sniedovich, 2013
- Sometimes, where a complex problem can be illuminated by many tools, one can be forgiven for applying the one he knows best.
- Cited in: Paul Dickson (1999) The official rules and explanations. p. 164
- Most accidents in well-designed systems involve two or more events of low probability occurring in the worst possible combination.
- Cited in: Richard K. Betts (1982) Surprise attack: lessons for defense planning. p. 158
Quotes about Robert E. Machol
[edit]- The pressure to generate the ideas and methods attributed to Systems Engineering stems directly from the needs of 20th century society. As our frontiers have disappeared, man has turned to technology to furnish the "good life" in a rapidly shrinking, crowded world. Our interdependence upon one another has increased in direct proportion to the population increase. The race to maintain or improve the operating efficiency of society has required that the systems and mechanisms that serve the society also become increasingly complex and interdependent.
Goode and Machal have provided statistics to illustrate the above. They note that the world population increased from 800 million in 1750, to 1200 million in 1850, and 2400 million in 1950. Maximum transportation speeds went from 40 mph in 1850, and 100 mph in 1900, to commercial transport speed of 350 mph in 1950 and supersonic transport planes of over 1200 mph in the 1960's. Our communication systems are a good indication of increasing complexity. U.S. telephones jumped from 350,000 in 1900, to 55 million in 1955.
- At an age when many people consider retiring, Robert E. Machol stopped teaching at Northwestern University and started a new career as chief scientist for the Federal Aviation Administration. There, while in his 70s, he predicted "catastrophe" after studying the turbulence created by the jet engines of 757 airplanes--work that predicted fatal crashes and eventually led to a change in federal aviation policy... "I was the first guy within the agency who got up and said, `We're likely to have a catastrophe, a real catastrophe … if we don't do something," Mr. Machol told the Los Angeles Times in 1994. Eventually, the agency ordered landing aircraft to maintain a greater distance behind 757s to avoid the jet's dangerous "wake vortex." But the policy change came only after crashes in Billings, Mont., and Santa Ana, Calif., that killed 13 people.
- Anthony Colarossi (1998) "Robert Machol, Air Safety Expert." Chicogo Tribune, November 15, 1998
- Bob Machol's life involved a number of strands — aviation, scientific writing, systems engineering, chemistry, research, applying OR to sports, computing and mushrooms — that intertwined over the years. Consider his involvement with aviation. It started in 1940 when, fresh out of Harvard, Bob enlisted in the Marines, intent on becoming an aviator. Although Bob didn't earn his pilot's wings, he did emerge from World War II holding the rank of lieutenant commander.
Following the war, Bob became involved with research organizations (the Operations Evaluation Group and the University of Michigan's Willow Run Laboratories) that were looking for improved ways of defending the United States against air attack. This work led to Bob's groundbreaking book, "Systems Engineering," co-authored with the late Harry H. Goode.- Paul Gray (1999) "In memoriam: Reflections and Remembrances." OR/MS Today. February 1999. Lionheart Publishing.
- I recount this as it reminds me of some of the lessons Bob preached and practiced throughout his professional career:
- Make sure that you're solving the right problem.
- Listen and observe, but question everything.
- Follow the data wherever it leads you.
- Use mathematics and mathematical models sparingly and with a purpose.
- Learn the technology and be aware of the political or organizational context; fit the mathematics accordingly.
- Understand your role, either as an advocate or an analyst.
- But maybe the most important lessons were from the truly dynamic duo, Bob and Florence: how they lived life together in all of its glory, enjoying every aspect of their days together and not willing to miss a thing.
- Stephen C. Graves (1999) "A Memorable Month in China." OR/MS Today. February 1999. Lionheart Publishing.
- I had professor Machol at Kellogg in 1985 for Operations. Professor Machol was intimidating. Rumor around the class was that he had been in charge of logistics for the U.S. Navy in the Pacific theatre during WWII. He was teaching EOQ modeling in one early class, leading me to pose a question, 'Professor Machol, would it not make sense to do … for the sake of consistency'. His reply is oh so memorable almost 40 years ago.. "Mr. Clark, consistency is the bugaboo of small minds" (ouch!). No doubt relative to this giant, my mind was and remains small indeed!


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what the heck are these endings
This is NOT Super Meat Boy!
Its simply the flash prototype that Super Meat Boy was based off of.
SMB, will play very differently and is 100% new.. what im saying is if you even slightly enjoy the prototype, you will LOVE SMB!
for more info on Super Meat Boy check out supermeatboy.com
Meat Boy Map Pack
The following is a pack of the 70 best meat boy user made maps submitted by YOU over the past 2 months. Your horrible sadists all of you! but you made some awesome levels and here they are for all to play!.
As an extra bonus, we have added 8 new unlockable extras! (4 new playable characters and 4 fully animated alternate endings!) collect bandaids to unlock them all.
Facts about the game:
-The Meat boy map pack is very very Hard!
-You can skip levels by pressing esc and exiting to the level menu.
-Unlock extra characters by collecting band aids.
If you havent played meat boy before this isnt the place to start, play the origional meat boy here:
Space = Jump and wall jump
Left and right arrows = move left and right
Ctrl = Mute
-Team Mic (Jon & Edmund)
Its highly recommended that meat boy is played with the Xbox 360 controller using FlashJoystick.
To install FlashJoystick visit
To install mapping for this game you'll need this file.
once FlashJoystick is installed, if you just hit open instead of save for the .fstick file, it'll auto load into FlashJoystick and you'll be able to play.
Special thanks to Tommy for FlashJoystick!
what the heck are these endings
i got the gay sex ending
we love meat boy
its alright but ending 4 though
These levels are not that bad actually :D


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« Prev | Psalm CXXIV | Next » |
Psalm CXXIV.54605460 Lat. CXXIII. A sermon to the people.
1. Ye already well know, dearest brethren, that a "Song of Degrees," is a song of our ascent: and that this ascent is not effected by 599the feet of the body, but by the affections of the heart. This we have repeatedly reminded you of: and we need not repeat it too often, that there may be room for saying what hath not yet been said. This Psalm, therefore, which ye have now heard sung for you,54615461 ["Unto you," in Oxford ed., which is not necessarily the sense of the original: quem nunc vobis cantatum audistis.—C.] is inscribed, "A Song of Degrees." This is its title. They sing therefore while ascending: and sometimes as it were one man singeth, sometimes as it were many; because many are one, since Christ is One, and in Christ the members of Christ constitute one with Christ, and the Head of all these members is in heaven. But although the body toileth on earth, it is not cut off from its Head; for the Head looketh down from above, and regardeth the body. 54625462 Acts ix. 4. …Whether therefore one or many sing; many men are one man, because it is unity; and Christ, as we have said, is One, and all Christians are members of Christ.
2. …Certain members indeed of that body of which we also are, which can sing in truth, have gone before us. And this the holy Martyrs have sung: for they have already escaped, and are with Christ in joy about to receive at last incorruptible bodies, the very same which were at first corruptible, wherein they have suffered pains; of the same there will be made for them ornaments of righteousness. Therefore whether they in reality, or we in hope, joining our affections with their crowns, and longing for such a life as we have not here, and shall never gain unless we have longed for it here, let us all sing together, and say, "If the Lord Himself had not been in us."…
3. "If the Lord Himself had not been in us, now may Israel say" (ver. 1)…When? "When men rose up against us" (ver. 2). Marvel not: they have been subdued: for they were men; but the Lord was in us, man was not in us: for men rose up against us. Nevertheless men would crush other men, unless in those men who could not be crushed, there were not man, but the Lord. For what could men do to you, while ye rejoiced, and sang, and securely held everlasting bliss? what could men do to you when they rose against you, if the Lord had not been on your side? what could they do? "Perchance they had swallowed us up quick" (ver. 3). "Swallowed us up:"54635463 [i.e., alive: vivos absorbuissent.—C.] they would not first have slain us, and so have swallowed us up. O inhuman, O cruel men! The Church swalloweth not thus.54645464 [Compare Ps. xxxv. 25, p. 86, supra.—C.] To Peter it was said, "Kill and eat:"54655465 Acts x. 13. not, Swallow quick. Because no man entereth into the body of the Church, save he be slain first.54665466 ["Ye are dead," Col. iii. 3.—C.] What he was dieth, that he may be what he was not. Otherwise, he who is not slain, and is not eaten by the Church, may be in the visible number of the people: but he cannot be in the number of the people which is known to God, whereof the Apostle saith, "The Lord knoweth who are His,"54675467 2 Tim. ii. 19. save he be eaten; and eaten he cannot be, save he first be slain. The Pagan cometh, still in him idolatry liveth; he must be grafted among the members of Christ: that he may be engrafted, he must needs be eaten; but he cannot be eaten by the Church, save first he be slain. Let him renounce the world, then is he slain; let him believe in God, then is he eaten…But they in whom the Lord is, are slain and die not. But they who consent54685468 [i.e., to sacrifice to idols.—C.] and live, are swallowed quick, when swallowed up they die. But they who have suffered, and have not yielded to tribulations, rejoice and say, "If the Lord had not been in us," etc.
4. …"When their fury was enraged upon us." They are now in anger, they now openly rage: "perchance the water had drowned us" (ver. 4). By water he meaneth ungodly nations: and we shall see what sort of water in the following verses. Whoever had consented unto them, water would have overwhelmed him. For he would die by the death of the Egyptians, he would not pass through after the example of the Israelites. For ye know, brethren, that the people of Israel passed through the water, by which the Egyptians were overwhelmed.54695469 Exod. xiv. 22–29. But what sort of water is this? It is a torrent, it flows with violence, but it will pass by…Hence He, our Head, first drinketh, of whom it is said in the Psalms, "He shall drink of the torrent in the way: therefore shall He lift up His head." For our Head is already exalted, because He drank of the torrent by the way; for our Lord hath suffered. If therefore our Head hath been already raised up, why doth the body fear the torrent? Without doubt, because the Head hath been raised, the body also will say hereafter, "Our soul hath passed over the torrent. Perhaps our soul hath passed over the water without substance" (ver. 5). Behold, what sort of water he was speaking of, "The water perchance had overwhelmed us." But what meaneth, "without substance"?
5. In the first place, what meaneth,54705470 Gesenius, Monum. Phœn. p. 390, thinks both may be from the first root, signifying "difficulty;" or the latter possibly=ארְיַ, ארֶי" "let one see." [Our author says: "The Latin interpreters have thus rendered as far as they were able the Greek word ˆρα. For thus the Greek copies have it; ˆρα: and as it is an expression of doubt, it is rendered by an expression of doubt, the word 'perchance' (fortasse): but this is not the exact sense. We may express this Greek word by one not so Latin in its use, but adapted to your comprehension. The Punic word, iar, I mean not that which signifieth a wood, but the expression of doubt, is the Greek ˆρα. This the Latins may or usually do express by Putas: as in this instance, Dost thou think (putas) I have escaped this? If we say, Perchance I have escaped, ye see that it hath not this meaning: but the word, Thinkest thou, is commonly used: but not in Latin in this sense. Although I may use it, when expounding to you; for I often use words that are not Latin, that ye may understand. But in Scripture this could not be used, because it was not Latin; and as Latin failed, that was used for it which had not this meaning."—C.] "Per600chance our soul hath passed over"? (ver. 5). Understand however the meaning to be this: "Thinkest thou our soul hath passed over?" and why do they say, "Thinkest thou"? Because the greatness of the danger maketh it hardly credible that he hath escaped. They have endured a great death: they have been in great dangers; they have been so much oppressed, that they almost gave consent while alive, and were all but swallowed up alive: now therefore that they have escaped, now that they are secure, but still remember the danger, the great danger, say, "Thinkest thou our soul hath passed over the water without substance?"
6. What is the water without substance, save the water of sins without substance? For sins have not substance: they have destitution, not substance; they have want, not substance. In that water without substance, the younger son lost the whole of his substance…Dost thou wish to see how the water is without substance? Take away with thee to the world below what thou hast acquired: what wilt thou do? Thou hast acquired gold: thou hast lost thy faith: after a few days thou leavest this life; thou canst not take away with thee the gold thou hast acquired by the loss of thy good faith; thy heart, destitute of faith, goeth forth into punishment—thy heart, which if full of faith, would go forth unto a crown. Behold, what thou hast done is nothing: and thou hast offended God for nothing.
7. Men hear that common proverb; and the proverbs of God slumber in them. What proverb? "Better in hand than in hope."54715471 Malo quod teneo, quam quod spero. [Eng. "A bird in the hand," etc.—C.] Unhappy man, what hast thou in hand? Thou sayest, "Better in hand." Hold it so as not to lose it, and then say, "Better in hand." But if thou holdest it not, why dost thou not hold fast that which thou canst not lose? What then hast thou in hand? Gold. Keep it in hand, therefore: if thou hast it in hand, let it not be taken away without thy consent. But if through gold also thou art carried where thou wishest not, and if a more powerful robber seeketh thee, because he findeth thee a less powerful robber; if a stronger eagle pursue thee, because thou hast carried off a hare before him: the lesser was thy prey, thou wilt be a prey unto the greater. Men see not these things in human affairs: by so much avarice are they blinded…
8. Let them escape the water without substance, and say, "Blessed be the Lord, who hath not given us over for a prey unto their teeth" (ver. 6). For the hunters were following, and had placed a bait in their trap. What bait? The sweetness of this life, so that each man for the sake of the sweetness of this life may thrust his head into iniquity, and be caught in the trap. Not they, in whom the Lord was, they who say, "If the Lord Himself had not been in us;" they have not been taken in the trap. Let the Lord be in thee, and thou wilt not be taken in the trap.
9. "Our soul is escaped, even as a bird out of the snare of the fowlers" (ver. 7). Because the Lord was in the soul itself, therefore hath that soul escaped, even as a bird out of the snare of the fowler. Why like a bird? Because it had fallen heedlessly, like a bird; and it could say afterwards, God will forgive me. Unstable bird, rather set thy feet firm upon the rock: go not into the trap. Thou wilt be taken, consumed, crushed. Let the Lord be in thee, and He will deliver thee from greater threats, from the snare of the fowlers. As if thou wert to see a bird about to fall into a snare, thou makest a greater noise that it may fly away from the net; so also, when perhaps some even of the Martyrs were stretching out their neck after the enjoyment of this life, the Lord, who was in them, made the noise of hell, and the bird was delivered from the snare of the fowlers. The snare was the sweetness of this life: they were not entangled in the snare, and were slain; by their slaughter the net was broken; no longer did the sweetness of this life remain, that they might again be entangled by it, but it was crushed. Was the bird also crushed? Far be it! for it was not in the snare: "The snare is broken, and we are delivered."
10. …"Our help standeth in the Name of the Lord, who hath made heaven and earth" (ver. 8). For if this were not our help, the snare would not indeed remain for ever; but when the bird was once taken, it would be crushed. For this life will pass away; and they who shall have been taken in by its pleasures, and through these pleasures have offended God, will pass away with this life. For the snare will be broken; be ye assured of this: all the sweetness of this present life will no longer exist, when the lot assigned to it hath been fulfilled; but we must not be enthralled by it, so that when the net is broken, thou mayest then rejoice and say, "The snare is broken, and we are delivered." But lest thou think that thou canst do this of thy own strength, consider whose work thy deliverance is (for if thou art proud, thou fallest into the snare), and say, "Our help standeth in the Name of the Lord, who hath made heaven and earth."…
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Prophecies for 2012
Prophecy 2012 – 1
If Humanity Wishes To Save Itself From Biospheric Destruction It Must Return To Living in Natural Time.
Prophecy 2012 – 2
Massive destruction coming, could be in "the ring" San Francisco – Los Angeles and San Diego in danger. Area / Square Chile – Australia – Japan – Alaska – West Coast, also VisionBot forsees Europe could change in the "blink of an eye" watch area Iceland / Ice sea and area of the mediterranean sea.
Prophecy 2012 – 3
The world is in danger of a large conflict larger than world war II, all depends making the wright decision when the moment will come.
Prophecy 2012 – 4
Solar activity could peak "as never seen before" all depends on what world leaders will do (Prophecy # 3). When the wrong decision will be made you will see clear signs in the sky before the third great war will start – (This could be delayed to 2013).
Prophecy 2012 – 5
As predicted in 2010 / 2011 Vladimir Putin will come to power again in Russia, he was … is not … and will be again the President of Russia that becomes a new kind of former Soviet Union … again this depends on what will happen with Prophecy 3 and 4.
Prophecy 2012 – 6
Secrets revealed : It will become clear that China and Russia are heavily armed with high tech weapons and troops … stealth fighter … stealth subs … possibility of a nuclear aircraft carrier(s) revealed by China/Russia.
Prophecy 2012 – 7
Earthquakes will (again) get worse in 2012, possibility of a + 8,5 earthquake in the areas as described in Prophecy # 2.
Prophecy 2012 – 8
Following Nostradamus prediction will be very important after the 3 1/2 years are over ! So wathever will happen to this planet earth, keep the following nostradamus prophecy in mind !!! X.42 The humane kingdom of an Anglic offspring, Will make his reign peace and union to have: Captive war in the middle of its enclosure, (For a) Long time will make them keep the peace. X.42 -Le regne humain d' Anglique geniture, Fera son regne paix union tenir: Captice guerre demy de sa closture, Long temps la paix leur fera maintenir. X.42 El reino humano de Anglica progenie Hara en su reino paz y union tener: Cautiva guerra en la mitad de su recinto, (Por) Largo tiempo la paz les hara mantener. X.42 Il regno umano d' Anglica progenitura Fara il suo regno pace ed unione avere: Circoscritta guerra a meta del suo recinto, (Per) Lungo tempo la pace loro fara mantenere.
Prophecy 2012 – 9
On 21 Dec 2012 the last 3 1/2 years will start, so 21-12-2012 is not the end, it's the beginning of the end, the beginning of a new world but first humanity will have to experience a third and last great war as predicted by Nostradamus, Edgar Cayce, The Holy Qur'an, the Bible and others – All depends on (again) Prophecy # 2.
Prophecy 2012 – 10
The AntiChrist will start to "appear" on May 7th 2012, people will not know he is the Antichrist at that time, it could be 2013 or first half of 2014 when it will be clear "he" is the 3 rd Antichrist.
Prophecy 2012 – 11
Around the same time (before or after Prophecy #10) Pope Benedict XVI will die (or be removed) like the 2010-2011 prediction of Egyptian Ex-President Mubarak – The prophecy of St-Malachy will become true, the pope after Pope Benedict XVI will be (75% change) a black pope or an Asian/S-American pope, unclear, this will be the last (anti)pope.
Prophecy 2012 – 12
The time that is comming is been called "The Time of Trial on Earth," "Judgement Day," "The Time of Great Purification," "The End of this Creation," "The Quickening," "The End of Time as We Know It," "The Shift of the Ages", "Judgement Day".
Prophecy 2012 – 13
It is foretold that the completion of the Precession brings regeneration of Earth, offering "awakening" to all open, willing hearts. Many peoples spoke of these last days of the Great Cycle, including the: Maya, Hopi, Egyptians, Kabbalists, Essenes, Qero elders of Peru, Navajo, Cherokee, Apache, Iroquois confederacy, Dogon Tribe, and Aborigines.
Prophecy 2012 – 14
December 21, 2012 AD is not the day where all of the sudden a light switch will flip on and everything will change, rather, we are since Dec 11th 2009 in the process of this transition from one World Age to the next. The changes are underway and will continue steadily accelerating as we head towards the culminating date – The date 12-21-2012 will be the start of the final 3 1/2 years as predicted in several old document, between 12.21.2012 and 06.03.2016 all will happen what prophets wrote in the death sea scrolls (the warscroll) the Bible, the Holy Qur'an and The Lost Book of Nostradamus !
Prophecy 2012 – 15
They will keep secret : Radiation levels in Japan will sikken the island and other parts of the world (also South and North Korea as told in the 2011 predictions). Leaders of Japan will try to keep the large radiation levels secret so there will be no panic, people can't flee from the Island. The Disaster will be worse than Tsjernobyl.
Nostradamus X.49 Garden of the world near the Great City In the way of the man made mountains, Shall be siezed on and plunged to the ferment, Being forced to drink sulphurous poisoned waters Current Evaluations : – Last (anti)pope will be Black, Pius ??? (Coming) – Large Vulcanic Eruption in Iceland ??? (Coming) – Vulcanic Eruption Vesuvius – Pelé (Coming) – World War III (WWIII) start area Libya Egypt Iran Davis Straits ? – Saudi Arabia Changes ? (Coming) – "New Island" will be born ? (Coming) – "Revelation" of Iran Nukes ? (Coming) – Large West Coast Disaster – Shaking of Planet ? (Coming) Our present great cycle (3113 B.C. – 2012 A.D.) is called the Age of the Fifth Sun. This time period is ruled by 4 Earth. This fifth age is the synthesis of the previous four. 4 Earth (called Caban in the Maya language and Ollin in Aztec) has several meanings, including: movement, shift, evolution, earthquake, navigation, synchronicity, clue tracking, turtle. In the Maya language, the word "ol" of ollin means consciousness. The coming end date of December 21, 2012 is also written as 18.104.22.168.0. in Mayan long count notation; just like the beginning date. We are being invited to realize that we are Time. We are the Living Prophecy. The Synchronic Order of Natural Time governs the unfolding of our lives. Time's cycles are found within our bodies and within Nature's daily rhythms and cyclic seasons. We have forgotten this, thinking that time is money or that time is the clock, or the relentless progression of work weeks and weekends. Time is the ever-changing, unfolding Now as it synchronistically coordinates the Whole living Universe. The 2012 prophecy is unfolding !
Prophecies for 2012
Prophecies for 2012 – Prophecies for 2012 – Prophecies for 2012 – Prophecies for 2012 – Prophecies for 2012 – Prophecies for 2012 – Prophecies for 2012 – Prophecies for 2012


text: Sunburn is a type of radiation burn that results from an over exposure to ultra violet radiation, commonly from the sun. An excess of UV radiation can be life threatening in extreme cases. Sun tan is produced on exposing the skin to lesser amounts of UV radiation. Signs of sunburn The skin turns red and hurts on getting sunburn. The swelling and blisters depends upon the severity of sunburn. The basic symptoms are the feeling of flu, feverish, with chills, nausea, headache and weakness. After few days, the skin will start peeling and itching to rid itself of sun-damaged cells. » » » [Read more]


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U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Sonny Perdue today released a detailed accounting of how the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) calculated estimated damage from trade disruptions. USDA's Office of the Chief Economist developed an estimate of gross trade damages for commodities with assessed retaliatory tariffs by Canada, China, the European Union, Mexico, and Turkey.
The estimate sets commodity payment rates and purchase levels in the trade mitigation package announced by USDA on September 4, 2018. USDA employed the same approach often used in adjudicating World Trade Organization trade dispute cases.
"We have pledged to be transparent about this process and how our economists arrived at the numbers they did," Perdue said. "Our farmers and ranchers work hard to feed the United States and the world, and they need to know that USDA was thorough, methodical, and as accurate as possible in making these estimates. It was a large and important task, and I thank Chief Economist Robert Johansson and his staff for their hard work."
The full description of the Trade Damage Estimation for the Market Facilitation Program and Food Purchase and Distribution Program is available on the website of USDA's Office of the Chief Economist.


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Dec 20, 2016
In this GoodPractice Holiday Special, team members Justin, Peter, Owen, Stef and Ross (G) share their L&D Christmas wishes. We have plenty to say about curiosity, generosity, humour and relationships, but what would you wish for in your role this Christmas?
If you'd like to share your thoughts on the show, you can...
Dec 13, 2016
This week: GoodPractice team members Ross, Owen and James play a round of 'Room 101'. What aspects of the L&D industry do they want to see consigned to the Room's darkest depths?
Professional actors, sporting analogies and visionary thought leaders should all run for cover.
If you'd like to share your thoughts on the...
Dec 6, 2016
This week: Ross, Owen and Peter from the GoodPractice team discuss our latest research into the online habits of UK managers.
We look at how managers respond to workplace management challenges, how online solutions compare to offline help, and why social networks really haven't caught on as a tool for...
Nov 22, 2016
In this week's podcast, Ross Dickie is joined by Peter Casebow and Justin Anderson to discuss steps organisations can take to get the most out of internships and work experience.
If you'd like to share your thoughts on the show, you can find us on Twitter @petercasebow, @WriterJustin and @ross__dickie.
You can also...
Nov 15, 2016
As teams become more dispersed, and communication technology gets better, the need to work in the same physical space as colleagues has decreased.
This week: Ross, Owen and Jonny from the GoodPractice team are joined by L&D consultant Niall Gavin to share their experiences of working from home, and to discuss the steps...


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Qty : 1
IMPORTANT - Please measure your dog before you finalize your muzzle order.
Length - Inside length of the upper cage part in inches
Circumference - Inside circumference around cage part in inches
Eye line - Length of the nose strap in inches
Neck circumference - Circumference of the neck strap in inches
Width - Inside width of the cage part in the narrowest place
Height - Inside height of the cage part
Please touch "+" to see the measurements for each size
How to measure your Dog Click here
1. Length - Distance from the tip of the nose to eye line in inches.2. Circumference - Circumference around snout one inch below eye line in inches, should be measured with mouth a little open.3. Eye Line - Distance from eye line to right behind the ears in inches.4. Neck Circumference - Circumference around neck behind ears in inches.5. Width - Snout width in the widest part.6. Height - Snout height, should be measured with mouth a little open. For big and large dogs add approximately 1-1/2 inch to 2 inch to the dogs exact circumference of his snout.
If you need a leather dog muzzle for Dachshund, click here
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Introduction 25.1 This chapter describes the sources and methods used in compilation of the financial accounts and the financial asset/liability components of the balance sheets. The financial accounts record information about transactions in financial assets and liabilities, while the balance sheets provide information about the values of stocks of financial assets and liabilities at particular points in time. Information on the structure of the financial accounts and balance sheets is provided in Chapter 8. Financial accounts statistics are sometimes referred to as 'flow-of-funds' statistics. 25.6 The institutional sector classification used in the financial accounts is the same as that used in the rest of the national accounts. Five broad sectors are identified:
25.7 In Cat. no. 5232.0 the general government, financial corporations and non-financial corporations sectors are broken down into subsectors, as shown in the table below:
25.8 In Cat. no. 5232.0 the institutional sector classification is also used to classify the counterparty transactions and positions shown for each institutional sector/subsector. 25.9 Chapter 5 provides a description of the sectors and subsectors used in the financial accounts. 25.10 Financial instruments are classified in the national accounts as follows:
25.11 Chapter 6 provides a description of each of these types of financial instruments. In certain financial account and balance sheet tables, securities are further classified by domicile of issuer (i.e. issued in Australia/issued offshore). Sources of data 25.12 Most of the data used in the compilation of the financial components of the national accounts are derived from statistical surveys conducted by the ABS. Of particular importance are the Survey of Financial Information (SFI) and the Survey of International Investment (SII), both of which are conducted quarterly. Other data sources are used to supplement the ABS sources, particularly for estimating for certain types of financial corporations and for deriving valuation adjustments. The specific information sources for each of the sectors and subsectors are described below. Non-financial corporations Private non-financial corporations 25.13 Balance sheet data for the largest groups, as well as for those property trusts which are open to the general public, are obtained from the SFI. Estimates for the remainder of units that make up this subsector are derived from data coming from several different sources, including counterpart information from banks, market capitalisation information from the Australian Stock Exchange, and data from the SII. National public non-financial corporations 25.15 The largest of these units report balance sheet information in the SFI. Estimates for the remainder of units that make up this subsector are derived from several different sources, including counterpart information from banks and data from the ABS's quarterly SII. State and local public non-financial corporations 25.16 The largest State corporations provide quarterly balance sheet information to the ABS in the SFI. For State and Territory housing commissions, Annual Reports are used as a data source. For the remaining State and local public non-financial corporations, counterpart information from the central borrowing authorities (which report to the ABS) is used, as the financing for most of these units is arranged through the central borrowing authorities. Financial corporations Central bank 25.17 The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) provides a full balance sheet to the ABS each quarter. However, some items on the RBA's balance sheet are valued as at the Wednesday closest to the end of the quarter. This is inconsistent with information provided by the Commonwealth Department of Finance and Administration and the commercial banks, both of which close off their accounts on the last working day of the quarter. As the latter timing basis is closer to the conceptual requirements of the financial accounts, counterpart information is substituted for the relevant items. Also, the RBA records entries in the Commonwealth Government's account when cheques are presented for payment, but the Commonwealth Department of Finance and Administration makes these entries in its books when the cheques are drawn, which is likely to be several days earlier. Because of the large amounts involved, this 'float' is a serious problem from time to time, and counterpart information is used to make the necessary adjustments. Banks 25.18 Each bank provides quarterly, as part of the SFI, a full balance sheet showing the consolidated position of its domestic banking businesses. Data reported by banks in the SII are used to supplement the SFI data. Other depository corporations 25.19 All cash management trusts report balance sheet data to the ABS monthly. Estimates for building societies and credit unions are derived using data collected by the Australian Prudential and Regulation Authority (APRA). The RBA provides the ABS with information for the remaining depository corporations derived from statutory balance sheet returns. However, these returns do not include information about shareholders' funds. This information is collected quarterly by the ABS from the larger corporations. Life insurance offices 25.20 The SFI collects balance sheet, transactions and valuation information from the large life insurers. This information is supplemented by data provided by APRA, which requires all privately owned life insurance offices to provide it with assets and liabilities information quarterly. Large friendly societies provide quarterly balance sheet information to the ABS. Pension funds 25.21 The largest pension funds (both public and private sector) provide quarterly balance sheet, transaction and valuation information in the APRA/ABS Survey of Superannuation Funds. These data are supplemented by an ABS collection from professional fund managers, in which an asset breakdown is reported of the pension funds they manage. This collection is designed to enable the elimination of double counting of pension fund assets. APRA and the ABS jointly estimate the assets of small ('excluded') pension funds. Other insurance corporations 25.22 All private general insurance companies are required to provide a quarterly statement of assets and liabilities to APRA. The ABS uses this information, which is supplemented by its own quarterly survey of government-owned general insurers. Data for health insurance companies are estimated from annual statistics provided by the Private Health Insurance Administration Council (PHIAC). Central borrowing authorities 25.23 All central borrowing authorities provide balance sheet data to the ABS on a quarterly basis as part of the SFI. Financial intermediaries nec. 25.24 Financial Corporations Act Category J financial corporations (credit union leagues and other financial corporations n.e.c.) report quarterly to the RBA, which provides this information in aggregate form to the ABS. General government National general government 25.29 Information on the Commonwealth Government's assets is mostly obtained from counterpart information. Information on the Commonwealth Government's coin liability is provided by the RBA. Information about Treasury notes is provided by the Commonwealth Treasury. Data for Treasury bonds are provided by the Commonwealth Treasury and the RBA. Other liabilities of the Commonwealth Government are estimated using published annual balance sheet data. State and local general government 25.31 Quarterly data for the State and Territory Governments are obtained from the relevant Treasuries as part of the SFI. Data for local government is obtained from counterpart information, as most of the funding for these units is provided by government agencies that report to the ABS. Households (including unincorporated enterprises) 25.32 Estimates of the value of notes and coin held by this sector are derived by halving the estimate of notes and coin held outside the banking system, which is in turn derived by subtracting the notes and coins held by the banking system from the total notes and coin in circulation. Other estimates for this sector are generally obtained from counterpart information. Estimates for transactions and holdings of securities are derived residually. Rest of the world 25.33 The main source of data on the financial position of non-residents vis-a-vis residents is the SII, which measures the investment position, financial transactions and other changes in position (price changes, exchange rate changes and other adjustments), and investment income associated with claims on and liabilities to non-residents by Australian residents. The publication Balance of Payments and International Investment Position, Australia, Concepts Sources and Methods (Cat. no. 5331.0) provides further information on this survey. 25.34 Estimates of stocks (levels) are prepared by gathering together balance sheet information from various sources and selecting the most reliable estimates. As noted previously, a choice is often possible because different data sources provide alternative or counterpart measures of the same item. For example, most borrowing by State-owned non-financial corporations will be reported by the State central borrowing authorities or Treasuries as assets and by the non-financial corporations themselves as liabilities. The data will generally not agree because the ABS does not survey all State owned non-financial corporations. In this case, the data from the central borrowing authorities and Treasuries are therefore used to estimate both the asset and liability aspects of these borrowings. 25.38 The national accounts should record transactions on an accrual basis (as opposed to a cash or 'due for payment' basis), to reflect the time when economic value is transferred rather than when cash relating to the transaction is paid or falls due for payment. For practical reasons complete implementation of accrual accounting in the financial accounts is not possible. Two affected areas are:
25.39 Accordingly, assets and liabilities associated with income tax and employee entitlements are not recorded in the financial accounts. 25.40 Furthermore, non-financial corporations are likely to report balance sheet information on a complete accrual basis for the quarter that coincides with the end of their tax year (usually June), but may be less likely to do so for the other quarters. This may cause some distortion in the data for the two quarters surrounding the end of the tax year. 25.41 Stocks of financial assets and liabilities should be valued using prices that are current on the date to which the balance sheet relates and that refer to specific assets. These prices should be observable prices on markets whenever such prices are available. In practice there are some cases where the prices of analogous assets are used to estimate prices for assets where there are no observable prices. 25.42 Tradable securities, which include shares listed on the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) and debt securities traded on organised markets, are valued at actual market prices. Other securities are assigned estimated market values. For example, equity not listed on ASX is valued on the basis of the value of total assets of the enterprise in question less the value of any repayable liabilities. 25.43 For derivatives, respondents to ABS surveys are asked to mark each derivative contract to its net market value. This may result in a net asset or liability value being recorded for the contract. It is possible for a derivative contract to change from a net liability position to a net asset position (or vice versa) from one period to the next. 25.44 Deposits, loans and other accounts payable/receivable are recorded at their face value. As these instruments are not traded, this valuation basis is considered to be an acceptable proxy for market valuation. 25.45 Insurance technical reserves funds are valued on the basis of the market value of the total assets (including non-financial assets) of the funds and companies less the sum of any repayable liabilities and (in the case of companies) shareholders' funds. Quality 25.46 The ABS is aware of the following deficiencies in its financial accounts data:
25.47 The dissection of changes in balance sheet positions into transaction and non-transaction components is most important for tradable securities, as these instruments are most likely to be affected by valuation changes. The data used to estimate the effect of valuation changes on frequently traded securities, which include listed shares and Commonwealth and State government bonds/bills, are of good quality. The data available for securities that are less frequently traded, such as unlisted shares, are of only fair quality. 25.48 Despite the above-mentioned problems, the ABS considers that the financial accounts statistics are of an acceptable standard for the purposes they are intended to serve. An indication of the overall quality of the data can be gained by considering the households sector, which is judged to have the poorest quality data in the financial accounts. Most of the liabilities data are based on good quality counterpart data from the asset records of financial institutions. In addition, households' deposit and loan assets are based on good quality counterpart data. Household holdings of tradable securities are derived residually, and so reflect errors and omissions in the estimates for the other sectors. Household positions in other accounts payable/receivable are also derived residually. Comparison with previous RBA estimates 25.49 The ABS's financial accounts estimates were first compiled in respect of the September quarter 1989. Prior to then, the RBA had produced annual flow-of-funds statistics for the reference years 1953–54 to 1988–89. The two sets of statistics, however, are not directly comparable for the following reasons:


text:
"The Healing Power of Forgiveness," Liahona, May 2007, 67–69
Sunday Morning Session
April 1, 2007
The Healing Power of Forgiveness
If we can find forgiveness in our hearts for those who have caused us hurt and injury, we will rise to a higher level of self-esteem and well-being.
My dear brothers and sisters and friends, I come before you humbly and prayerfully. I wish to speak on the healing power of forgiveness.
In the beautiful hills of Pennsylvania, a devout group of Christian people live a simple life without automobiles, electricity, or modern machinery. They work hard and live quiet, peaceful lives separate from the world. Most of their food comes from their own farms. The women sew and knit and weave their clothing, which is modest and plain. They are known as the Amish people.
A 32-year-old milk truck driver lived with his family in their Nickel Mines community. He was not Amish, but his pickup route took him to many Amish dairy farms, where he became known as the quiet milkman. Last October he suddenly lost all reason and control. In his tormented mind he blamed God for the death of his first child and some unsubstantiated memories. He stormed into the Amish school without any provocation, released the boys and adults, and tied up the 10 girls. He shot the girls, killing five and wounding five. Then he took his own life.
This shocking violence caused great anguish among the Amish but no anger. There was hurt but no hate. Their forgiveness was immediate. Collectively they began to reach out to the milkman's suffering family. As the milkman's family gathered in his home the day after the shootings, an Amish neighbor came over, wrapped his arms around the father of the dead gunman, and said, "We will forgive you."1 Amish leaders visited the milkman's wife and children to extend their sympathy, their forgiveness, their help, and their love. About half of the mourners at the milkman's funeral were Amish. In turn, the Amish invited the milkman's family to attend the funeral services of the girls who had been killed. A remarkable peace settled on the Amish as their faith sustained them during this crisis.
One local resident very eloquently summed up the aftermath of this tragedy when he said, "We were all speaking the same language, and not just English, but a language of caring, a language of community, [and] a language of service. And, yes, a language of forgiveness."2 It was an amazing outpouring of their complete faith in the Lord's teachings in the Sermon on the Mount: "Do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you."3
The family of the milkman who killed the five girls released the following statement to the public:
"To our Amish friends, neighbors, and local community:
"Our family wants each of you to know that we are overwhelmed by the forgiveness, grace, and mercy that you've extended to us. Your love for our family has helped to provide the healing we so desperately need. The prayers, flowers, cards, and gifts you've given have touched our hearts in a way no words can describe. Your compassion has reached beyond our family, beyond our community, and is changing our world, and for this we sincerely thank you.
"Please know that our hearts have been broken by all that has happened. We are filled with sorrow for all of our Amish neighbors whom we have loved and continue to love. We know that there are many hard days ahead for all the families who lost loved ones, and so we will continue to put our hope and trust in the God of all comfort, as we all seek to rebuild our lives."4
How could the whole Amish group manifest such an expression of forgiveness? It was because of their faith in God and trust in His word, which is part of their inner beings. They see themselves as disciples of Christ and want to follow His example.
Hearing of this tragedy, many people sent money to the Amish to pay for the health care of the five surviving girls and for the burial expenses of the five who were killed. As a further demonstration of their discipleship, the Amish decided to share some of the money with the widow of the milkman and her three children because they too were victims of this terrible tragedy.
Forgiveness is not always instantaneous as it was with the Amish. When innocent children have been molested or killed, most of us do not think first about forgiveness. Our natural response is anger. We may even feel justified in wanting to "get even" with anyone who inflicts injury on us or our family.
Dr. Sidney Simon, a recognized authority on values realization, has provided an excellent definition of forgiveness as it applies to human relationships:
"Forgiveness is freeing up and putting to better use the energy once consumed by holding grudges, harboring resentments, and nursing unhealed wounds. It is rediscovering the strengths we always had and relocating our limitless capacity to understand and accept other people and ourselves."5
Most of us need time to work through pain and loss. We can find all manner of reasons for postponing forgiveness. One of these reasons is waiting for the wrongdoers to repent before we forgive them. Yet such a delay causes us to forfeit the peace and happiness that could be ours. The folly of rehashing long-past hurts does not bring happiness.
Some hold grudges for a lifetime, unaware that courageously forgiving those who have wronged us is wholesome and therapeutic.
Forgiveness comes more readily when, like the Amish, we have faith in God and trust in His word. Such faith "enables people to withstand the worst of humanity. It also enables people to look beyond themselves. More importantly, it enables them to forgive."6
All of us suffer some injuries from experiences that seem to have no rhyme or reason. We cannot understand or explain them. We may never know why some things happen in this life. The reason for some of our suffering is known only to the Lord. But because it happens, it must be endured. President Howard W. Hunter said that "God knows what we do not know and sees what we do not see."7
President Brigham Young offered this profound insight that at least some of our suffering has a purpose when he said: "Every calamity that can come upon mortal beings will be suffered to come upon the few, to prepare them to enjoy the presence of the Lord. … Every trial and experience you have passed through is necessary for your salvation."8
If we can find forgiveness in our hearts for those who have caused us hurt and injury, we will rise to a higher level of self-esteem and well-being. Some recent studies show that people who are taught to forgive become "less angry, more hopeful, less depressed, less anxious and less stressed," which leads to greater physical well-being.9 Another of these studies concludes "that forgiveness … is a liberating gift [that] people can give to themselves."10
In our day the Lord has admonished us, "Ye ought to forgive one another," and then makes it requisite when He says, "I, the Lord, will forgive whom I will forgive, but of you it is required to forgive all men."11
A sister who had been through a painful divorce received some sound advice from her bishop: "Keep a place in your heart for forgiveness, and when it comes, welcome it in."12 For the Amish, it was already there because "forgiveness is a 'heartfelt' component of [their] religion."13 Their example of forgiveness is a sublime expression of Christian love.
Here in Salt Lake City in 1985, Bishop Steven Christensen, through no fault of his own, was cruelly and senselessly killed by a bomb intended to take his life. He was the son of Mac and Joan Christensen, the husband of Terri, and the father of four children. With his parents' consent, I share what they learned from this experience. After this terrible deed, the news media followed members of the Christensen family around relentlessly. On one occasion this media intrusion offended one of the family members to the point that Steven's father, Mac, had to restrain him. Mac then thought, "This thing will destroy my family if we don't forgive. Venom and hatred will never end if we do not get it out of our system." Healing and peace came as the family cleansed their hearts from anger and were able to forgive the man who took their son's life.
We recently had two other tragedies here in Utah which demonstrate faith and the healing power of forgiveness. Gary Ceran, whose wife and two children were killed on Christmas Eve when their vehicle was hit by a truck, immediately expressed his forgiveness and concern for the alleged drunk driver. Last February, when a car crashed into Bishop Christopher Williams's vehicle, he had a decision to make, and it was to "unconditionally forgive" the driver who had caused the accident so that the healing process could take place unhampered.14
What can we all learn from such experiences as these? We need to recognize and acknowledge angry feelings. It will take humility to do this, but if we will get on our knees and ask Heavenly Father for a feeling of forgiveness, He will help us. The Lord requires us "to forgive all men"15 for our own good because "hatred retards spiritual growth."16 Only as we rid ourselves of hatred and bitterness can the Lord put comfort into our hearts, just as He did for the Amish community, the Christensens, the Cerans, and the Williams family.
Of course, society needs to be protected from hardened criminals, because mercy cannot rob justice.17 Bishop Williams addressed this concept so well when he said, "Forgiveness is a source of power. But it does not relieve us of consequences."18 When tragedy strikes, we should not respond by seeking personal revenge but rather let justice take its course and then let go. It is not easy to let go and empty our hearts of festering resentment. The Savior has offered to all of us a precious peace through His Atonement, but this can come only as we are willing to cast out negative feelings of anger, spite, or revenge. For all of us who forgive "those who trespass against us,"19 even those who have committed serious crimes, the Atonement brings a measure of peace and comfort.
Let us remember that we need to forgive to be forgiven. In the words of one of my favorite hymns, "Oh, forgive as thou wouldst be e'en forgiven now by me."20 With all my heart and soul, I believe in the healing power that can come to us as we follow the counsel of the Savior "to forgive all men."21 In the name of Jesus Christ, amen.


text:
by Kiah Collier, Texas Tribune, and T. Christian Miller, ProPublica, July 28, 2017, 1:55 p.m.
U.S. Customs and Border Protection will begin constructing the first segment of President Trump's border wall in November through a national wildlife refuge, using money it's already received from Congress.
That's what a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service official recently told a nonprofit group that raises money to support two national wildlife refuges in South Texas, according to the group's vice president.
"I was alarmed," said Jim Chapman of Friends of the Wildlife Corridor. "It was not good news."
For the past six months, CBP has been quietly preparing a site to build a nearly 3-mile border barrier through the Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuge, according to The Texas Observer. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers also has reportedly begun drilling and soil testing in California and New Mexico.
But construction on the wall was not expected to begin until January because Congress has yet to approve CBP's budget. On Thursday, the House approved a spending bill that contained $1.6 billion to build segments of the wall in Texas and California. Its fate in the Senate is uncertain.
However, CBP recently told a senior Fish and Wildlife Service official in Texas that the agency would shift funds to pay for the new segment out of its current budget. The official passed on the news to Chapman's group this week.
The Fish and Wildlife Service official confirmed the remarks, but asked not to be identified for fear of losing his job.
Customs and Border Protection spokesman Carlos Diaz said it "would be premature to speak about specific locations." The only South Texas projects authorized under the current budget are the installation of 35 gates at gaps the agency left in the existing border fence, he said.
The 2,088-acre Santa Ana refuge, located along the Rio Grande south of McAllen, Texas, is considered one of the nation's top bird-watching sites, with more than 400 species of birds. The refuge is also home to two endangered wildcats — the ocelot and jaguarundi — and some of the last surviving stands of sabal palm trees in South Texas.
A wall cutting through the refuge could do serious environmental damage, Chapman said, undermining the reason Congress appropriated money to buy the land in the first place. But under a 2005 law, the Department of Homeland Security can waive any environmental regulations that would normally impede construction in a sensitive wildlife area.
Chapman said his group is now counting on Democrats to halt expansion of the project.
"The Democrats in Congress up to now have been very unified as far as not appropriating money for the wall," Chapman said.
Trump made construction of a border wall between the U.S. and Mexico the signature promise of his political campaign and told supporters it would be solid concrete, 30 feet high and would stretch the length of the U.S.-Mexico border. Trump estimated it would cost perhaps $10 billion to $12 billion — and he vowed the Mexican government would pay the bill. Five days after his inauguration, he signed an executive order to begin the process.
Since then, the wall has faded from the headlines amid other controversies. But Trump has never ceased pursuing its construction, even as he has backed off the most bombastic of his demands.
In February, the CBP launched a bidding contest to build models for the new wall. Both solid concrete and alternative designs were allowed. The project is months behind schedule. CBP officials recently said the winners will be announced in November.
Earlier in July, Trump told reporters on Air Force One that the wall should be see-through. Border patrol agents needed to be able to spot threats on the other side and avoid any "large sacks of drugs" thrown over the top. He also said he favors a wall with solar panels to generate energy and reduce the building cost.
He also opined that only 700 to 900 miles of wall may be needed. About 650 miles of the 2,000-mile long border already has some type of physical barrier. The remaining miles will be guarded by topography, the president said.
"You have mountains. You have some rivers that are violent and vicious. You have some areas that are so far away that you don't really have people crossing," he said.
It remains far from clear, however, whether Trump will be able to achieve even his scaled-down version of the wall. The current border fence, a far more modest project built mostly under President Obama, cost between $2.8 million to $3.9 million on average per mile, according to the Government Accountability Office. CBP previously announced that the agency has $20 million on hand for the current fiscal year.
Both Democratic and Republican lawmakers have balked at paying for the wall, which the Department of Homeland Security estimates would cost around $20 billion. Mexican officials have vigorously rejected any proposition of financing construction.
Trump, however, has already taken credit for beginning to fulfill his campaign promise.
"In a true sense, we've already started the wall," he told the reporters.
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