text:
Farmers Revolt in the Populist Era
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
- Understand how the economic and political climate of the day promoted the formation of the farmers' protest movement in the latter half of the nineteenth century
- Explain how the farmers' revolt moved from protest to politics
The challenges that many American farmers faced in the last quarter of the nineteenth century were significant. They contended with economic hardships born out of rapidly declining farm prices, prohibitively high tariffs on items they needed to purchase, and foreign competition. One of the largest challenges they faced was overproduction, where the glut of their products in the marketplace drove the price lower and lower.
Overproduction of crops occurred in part due to the westward expansion of homestead farms and in part because industrialization led to new farm tools that dramatically increased crop yields. As farmers fell deeper into debt, whether it be to the local stores where they bought supplies or to the railroads that shipped their produce, their response was to increase crop production each year in the hope of earning more money with which to pay back their debt. The more they produced, the lower prices dropped. To a hard-working farmer, the notion that their own overproduction was the greatest contributing factor to their debt was a completely foreign concept (Figure).
In addition to the cycle of overproduction, tariffs were a serious problem for farmers. Rising tariffs on industrial products made purchased items more expensive, yet tariffs were not being used to keep farm prices artificially high as well. Therefore, farmers were paying inflated prices but not receiving them. Finally, the issue of gold versus silver as the basis of U.S. currency was a very real problem to many farmers. Farmers needed more money in circulation, whether it was paper or silver, in order to create inflationary pressure. Inflationary pressure would allow farm prices to increase, thus allowing them to earn more money that they could then spend on the higher-priced goods in stores. However, in 1878, federal law set the amount of paper money in circulation, and, as mentioned above, Harrison's Sherman Silver Act, intended to increase the amount of silver coinage, was too modest to do any real good, especially in light of the unintended consequence of depleting the nation's gold reserve. In short, farmers had a big stack of bills and wanted a big stack of money—be it paper or silver—to pay them. Neither was forthcoming from a government that cared more about issues of patronage and how to stay in the White House for more than four years at a time.
The initial response by increasingly frustrated and angry farmers was to organize into groups that were similar to early labor unions. Taking note of how the industrial labor movement had unfolded in the last quarter of the century, farmers began to understand that a collective voice could create significant pressure among political leaders and produce substantive change. While farmers had their own challenges, including that of geography and diverse needs among different types of famers, they believed this model to be useful to their cause.
One of the first efforts to organize farmers came in 1867 with Oliver Hudson Kelly's creation of the Patrons of Husbandry, more popularly known as the Grange. In the wake of the Civil War, the Grangers quickly grew to over 1.5 million members in less than a decade (Figure). Kelly believed that farmers could best help themselves by creating farmers' cooperatives in which they could pool resources and obtain better shipping rates, as well as prices on seeds, fertilizer, machinery, and other necessary inputs. These cooperatives, he believed, would let them self-regulate production as well as collectively obtain better rates from railroad companies and other businesses.
At the state level, specifically in Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, and Iowa, the Patrons of Husbandry did briefly succeed in urging the passage of Granger Laws, which regulated some railroad rates along with the prices charged by grain elevator operators. The movement also created a political party—the Greenback Party, so named for its support of print currency (or "greenbacks") not based upon a gold standard—which saw brief success with the election of fifteen congressmen. However, such successes were short-lived and had little impact on the lives of everyday farmers. In the Wabash case of 1886, brought by the Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railroad Company, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against the State of Illinois for passing Granger Laws controlling railroad rates; the court found such laws to be unconstitutional. Their argument held that states did not have the authority to control interstate commerce. As for the Greenback Party, when only seven delegates appeared at an 1888 national convention of the group, the party faded from existence.
Explore Rural Life in the Late Nineteenth Century to study photographs, firsthand reports, and other information about how farmers lived and struggled at the end of the nineteenth century.
The Farmers' Alliance, a conglomeration of three regional alliances formed in the mid-1880s, took root in the wake of the Grange movement. In 1890, Dr. Charles Macune, who led the Southern Alliance, which was based in Texas and had over 100,000 members by 1886, urged the creation of a national alliance between his organization, the Northwest Alliance, and the Colored Alliance, the largest African American organization in the United States. Led by Tom Watson, the Colored Alliance, which was founded in Texas but quickly spread throughout the Old South, counted over one million members. Although they originally advocated for self-help, African Americans in the group soon understood the benefits of political organization and a unified voice to improve their plight, regardless of race. While racism kept the alliance splintered among the three component branches, they still managed to craft a national agenda that appealed to their large membership. All told, the Farmers' Alliance brought together over 2.5 million members, 1.5 million white and 1 million black (Figure).
The alliance movement, and the subsequent political party that emerged from it, also featured prominent roles for women. Nearly 250,000 women joined the movement due to their shared interest in the farmers' worsening situation as well as the promise of being a full partner with political rights within the group, which they saw as an important step towards advocacy for women's suffrage on a national level. The ability to vote and stand for office within the organization encouraged many women who sought similar rights on the larger American political scene. Prominent alliance spokeswoman, Mary Elizabeth Lease of Kansas, often spoke of membership in the Farmers' Alliance as an opportunity to "raise less corn and more hell!"
The Conner Prairie Interactive History Park discusses the role of women in rural America and how it changed throughout the end of the nineteenth century.
The alliance movement had several goals similar to those of the original Grange, including greater regulation of railroad prices and the creation of an inflationary national monetary policy. However, most creative among the solutions promoted by the Farmers' Alliance was the call for a subtreasury plan. Under this plan, the federal government would store farmers' crops in government warehouses for a brief period of time, during which the government would provide loans to farmers worth 80 percent of the current crop prices. Thus, farmers would have immediate cash on hand with which to settle debts and purchase goods, while their crops sat in warehouses and farm prices increased due to this control over supply at the market. When market prices rose sufficiently high enough, the farmer could withdraw his crops, sell at the higher price, repay the government loan, and still have profit remaining.
Economists of the day thought the plan had some merit; in fact, a greatly altered version would subsequently be adopted during the Great Depression of the 1930s, in the form of the Agricultural Adjustment Act. However, the federal government never seriously considered the plan, as congressmen questioned the propriety of the government serving as a rural creditor making loans to farmers with no assurance that production controls would result in higher commodity prices. The government's refusal to act on the proposal left many farmers wondering what it would take to find solutions to their growing indebtedness.
Angry at the federal government's continued unwillingness to substantively address the plight of the average farmer, Charles Macune and the Farmers' Alliance chose to create a political party whose representatives—if elected—could enact real change. Put simply, if the government would not address the problem, then it was time to change those elected to power.
In 1891, the alliance formed the Populist Party, or People's Party, as it was more widely known. Beginning with nonpresidential-year elections, the Populist Party had modest success, particularly in Kansas, Nebraska, and the Dakotas, where they succeeded in electing several state legislators, one governor, and a handful of congressmen. As the 1892 presidential election approached, the Populists chose to model themselves after the Democratic and Republican Parties in the hope that they could shock the country with a "third-party" victory.
At their national convention that summer in Omaha, Nebraska, they wrote the Omaha Platform to more fully explain to all Americans the goals of the new party (Figure). Written by Ignatius Donnelly, the platform statement vilified railroad owners, bankers, and big businessmen as all being part of a widespread conspiracy to control farmers. As for policy changes, the platform called for adoption of the subtreasury plan, government control over railroads, an end to the national bank system, the creation of a federal income tax, the direct election of U.S. senators, and several other measures, all of which aimed at a more proactive federal government that would support the economic and social welfare of all Americans. At the close of the convention, the party nominated James B. Weaver as its presidential candidate.
In a rematch of the 1888 election, the Democrats again nominated Grover Cleveland, while Republicans went with Benjamin Harrison. Despite the presence of a third-party challenger, Cleveland won another close popular vote to become the first U.S. president to be elected to nonconsecutive terms. Although he finished a distant third, Populist candidate Weaver polled a respectable one million votes. Rather than being disappointed, several Populists applauded their showing—especially for a third party with barely two years of national political experience under its belt. They anxiously awaited the 1896 election, believing that if the rest of the country, in particular industrial workers, experienced hardships similar to those that farmers already faced, a powerful alliance among the two groups could carry the Populists to victory.
Section Summary
Factors such as overproduction and high tariffs left the country's farmers in increasingly desperate straits, and the federal government's inability to address their concerns left them disillusioned and worried. Uneven responses from state governments had many farmers seeking an alternative solution to their problems. Taking note of the labor movements growing in industrial cities around the country, farmers began to organize into alliances similar to workers' unions; these were models of cooperation where larger numbers could offer more bargaining power with major players such as railroads. Ultimately, the alliances were unable to initiate widespread change for their benefit. Still, drawing from the cohesion of purpose, farmers sought to create change from the inside: through politics. They hoped the creation of the Populist Party in 1891 would lead to a president who put the people—and in particular the farmers—first.
Review Questions
Which of the following was not a vehicle for the farmers' protest?
- the Mugwumps
- the Grange
- the Farmers' Alliance
- the People's Party
Which of the following contributed directly to the plight of farmers?
- machine politics
- labor unions
- overproduction
- inadequate supply
What were women's roles within the Farmer's Alliance?
Women were able to play key roles in the alliance movement. The alliance provided them with political rights, including the ability to vote and hold office within the organization, which many women hoped would be a positive step in their struggle for national women's rights and suffrage. In the end, nearly 250,000 women joined the movement.

subset: commoncrawl


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Not the roller coaster that March was, but April's been another nifty month in matters paleontological, and that's no foolin'!
In the News
Edmontosaurus lovers, heads up. The cranium of E. regalis is the subject of a new paper in PLoS One. Brian Switek has been writing a cool series called "The Dead Zoo" for Omni, and he profiled the mighty duckbill, taking into account all of this new information we've been getting about it over the last decade.
A new paper describes the earliest, basalmost phytosaur of all: Diandongosuchus fuyuaensis.
There's a wee lil' new microraptorine on the block, Zhongjianosaurus. Read more at Theropoda and Letters from Gondwana.
If early, early archosaurs are your thing - and why wouldn't they be, after all - you're in luck. The description of Teleocrater rhadinus in Nature fills in some gaps down at the base of the tree. Hear Liz Martin-Silverstone talk about it on Palaeocast.
Around the Dinoblogosphere
Sarah Gibson did a two-part interview with Brian Engh at the PLOS Paleo Community blog. Check out part one and part two.
I wasn't able to attend Paleofest as I'd hoped, but David Prus is here with a write-up of his visit to the annual prehistoric bonanza in Rockford, IL.
At Earth Archives, Vasika Udurawane has begun a series on the evolution of plants. Start here.
Matt Martyniuk is back with another "You're Doing it Wrong" post. This time he covers the bill of Pteranodon.
At Pseudoplocephalus, Victoria pays a visit to a biomechanics exhibit at the Ontario Science Centre.
Zach writes about the snouty thallatosaurs at Waxing Paleontological. "The more I read about the Triassic," he writes, "the weirder it gets."
As Saurian gets closer to its pre-release, the team have released a new devlog teasing the field guide book.
Herman's back with a book review attack, upping one that rocks, dissing one that lacks. Hit it!
At Tyrannosauroidea Central, Thomas Carr writed about the implications of the recent publication of Daspletosaurus horneri: ontogeny and the anagenesis hypothesis.
Check out the sweet paleo-themed dinner plate Paul Pursglove found.
The LITC AV Club
The Royal Tyrrell Museum's speaker series continues, with a presentation on the halisaurine mosasaurs by Dr. Takuya Konishi of the University of Cincinnati.
Brian Engh revisits Aquilops in his newest paleoart video.
Crowdfunding Spotlight
Following up her portrait series on the diversity of the paleontology community, Thea Boodhoo is working on organizing a workshop on diversity at this August's SVP meeting in Calgary. They need funds to make the workshop a great experience for all attendees. Head to GoFundMe to help out.
After her successful set of prehistoric enamel pins funded a couple months ago, Jessy Smith is back with a set of Mesozic megafauna. Pledge at Kickstarter.
A Moment of Paleoart Zen
I love this Rodrigo Vega illustration of a gnarly-looking Yacarerani boliviensis, a notosuchian from the Late Cretaceous.


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Pidgin themes, Pidgin smilies, Pidgin sounds
To install the "windows live messenger" smilies set, you should download it using the link below, unzip files and place it into themes folder. That folder's location depends on OS you use.
Extract the content of the downloaded file into the "~/.purple/themes" folder and select new smilies theme in the Pidgin preferences.
Note: "~" is your "home" directory in Linux, i.e. /home/username. To see the ".purple" folder in there, you might need to enable "Show hidden files" option in your preferred file manager.


text:
I don't usually do blog posts about production details in TV series that don't air for another year. But most TV shows do not entail inventing an entire freaking language.
HBO's dark fantasy saga Game of Thrones, on the other hand, does. Today the network announced that's it's going where James Cameron did with Na'vi, Star Trek did with Klingon and J.R.R. Tolkien did with Elvish and developing a full-fledged version of Dothraki, the language of the warlike nomadic horsemen who roam the plains of the Eastern continent, having taken in the heirs of a fallen royal house from the continent of Westeros and—OK, at what point in that sentence did you start silently making fun of me?
For those of you who find my interest in the invention of author George R. R. Martin nothing to laugh at, the network promises that its Dothraki language will boast "more than 1,800 words and [a] complex grammatical structure."
Excerpts from the release after the jump. Stop laughing at me!
David J. Peterson, an expert language creator from the Language Creation Society (LCS), has been chosen to create the Dothraki language for HBO's upcoming fantasy series GAME OF THRONES, based on the book series "A Song of Ice and Fire," by George R.R. Martin.
When GAME OF THRONES executive producers David Benioff and D.B. Weiss needed a language for the Dothraki, Martin's race of nomadic warriors, they turned to the Language Creation Society. The LCS solicited and vetted a number of proposals for the Dothraki language from its pool of experts, with Peterson's proposal ultimately being selected by the GAME OF THRONES production team.
Peterson drew inspiration from George R.R. Martin's description of the language, as well as from such languages as Russian, Turkish, Estonian, Inuktitut and Swahili. However, the Dothraki language is no mere hodgepodge, babble or pidgin. It has its own unique sound, extensive vocabulary of more than 1,800 words and complex grammatical structure.
"In designing Dothraki, I wanted to remain as faithful as possible to the extant material in George R.R. Martin's series," says Peterson. "Though there isn't a lot of data, there is evidence of a dominant word order [subject-verb-object], of adjectives appearing after nouns, and of the lack of a copula ['to be']. I've remained faithful to these elements, creating a sound aesthetic that will be familiar to readers, while giving the language depth and authenticity. My fondest desire is for fans of the series to look at a word from the Dothraki language and be unable to tell if it came from the books or from me — and for viewers not even to realize it's a constructed language."
"We're tremendously excited to be working with David and the LCS," says producer D.B. Weiss. "The language he's devised is phenomenal. It captures the essence of the Dothraki, and brings another level of richness to their world. We look forward to his first collection of Dothraki love sonnets."
Did you know? (Hash yer ray nesi?)
The name for the Dothraki people — and their language — derives from the verb "dothralat" ("to ride").The Dothraki have four different words for "carry," three for "push," three for "pull" and at least eight for "horse," but no word that means "please" or "follow."
The longest word in Dothraki is "athastokhdeveshizaroon," which means "from nonsense."
The words for "related," "weighted net," "eclipse," "dispute," "redhead," "oath," "funeral pyre," "evidence," "omen," "fang" and "harvest moon" all have one element in common: "qoy," the Dothraki word for "blood."
Dothraki for "to dream" – "thirat atthiraride" – literally means "to live a wooden life"; in Dothraki, "wooden" ("ido") is synonymous with "fake."
The word for "pride" – "athjahakar" – is derived from "jahak," the traditional long braid worn by Dothraki warriors ("lajaki").
More information about the Dothraki language (and their love poems) will be released over the course of the series.


text:
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Foxin Wins
Foxin' Wins is a 5 reel slot game with a Free Games Feature, Random Bonus and Superbet to boost your winnings. During regular play, the goal is to achieve a winning combination of symbols on any of the 25 lines. Payouts depend on the number of coins played and the winning combination of symbols achieved. The theoretical average return to player (RTP) is 95.22% for No Superbet (25 coin), 95.33% for Superbet 10CR (35 Coin) and 95.62% for Superbet 25CR (50 coin) .
Game Rules
Play 25 lines
Payouts are made according to the Paytable
Payline wins are multiplied by the amount staked per payline
Scatter wins are multiplied by the total amount staked (Excluding Super Bet)
Scatter wins are added to payline wins
Highest win only on each selected payline
Coinciding wins on different paylines are added
All wins occur on selected lines except scattered POT
All symbols pay Left to Right except scattered POT which pays any
FOX substitutes for all other symbols except scattered POT.
On any spin, a Fox Pup inside a Reel may turn a symbol WILD
Super Bet is an ADDITIONAL WAGER that can be adjusted with the control beside the Reels to provide the following enhancements
Super Bet off (25 Coins): Fox Pup in Reel 3
Super Bet 1 (35 Coins): Fox Pups in Reels 2, 3, 4
Super Bet 2 (50 Coins): Fox Pups in Reels 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
10 Free Games are awarded when 3 or more POT appear
During the Free Games Fox Pups appear more frequently
All prizes are doubled during the Free Games Feature
The Free Games Feature can be retriggered
Free Games are played at the lines and bet of the trigger game
Free Game wins are added to payline and scatter wins
The Random Bonus can be awarded after any paid spin
Keep a lookout for either Fox Funds or Leprechaun Shakedown and win the prizes shown
During Leprechaun Shakedown, Prizes are only awarded if the Leprechaun is caught
All prizes are awarded as displayed
Gamble Feature (if applicable)
To gamble any win press GAMBLE then select COLOUR or a SUIT
Win is DOUBLED (X2) if COLOUR choice is correct
Win is QUADRUPLED (X4) if SUIT choice is correct
Winnings may be gambled up to 5 times
Progressive Jackpot Wins (if available) may not be gambled
How to Play
The Bet that you want to play can be adjusted through the (UP) and (DOWN) buttons alongside the respective options. The Max Bet button will automatically select the maximum bet.
Spin: Spins the reels.
Autoplay: Allows automatic consecutive normal game plays for a certain amount of spins. Options for spins range from 5 spins to 500 spins.
Info: Access pay awards for winning symbol combinations. Also contains the rules for the game.
The game displays all your details in the following display fields:
Balance: Displays your total balance
Bet: Displays the staked amount per line to be played.
Win: Displays the amount won in the spin
Total Bet: The total wager staked. It consists of the Bet multiplied by the amount of lines being played.
Malfunction voids all pays and plays
The maximum win from a single game is £250,000
Last modification date: 11/20/2020


text:
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Wash inside out on warm gentle cycle, tumble dry low, do not bleach.


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text:
make-hash-table &key test size rehash-size rehash-threshold => hash-table
Arguments and Values:
test---a designator for one of the functions eq, eql, equal, or equalp. The default is eql.
size---a non-negative integer. The default is implementation-dependent.
rehash-size---a real of type (or (integer 1 *) (float (1.0) *)). The default is implementation-dependent.
rehash-threshold---a real of type (real 0 1). The default is implementation-dependent.
hash-table---a hash table.
Creates and returns a new hash table.
test determines how keys are compared. An object is said to be present in the hash-table if that object is the same under the test as the key for some entry in the hash-table.
size is a hint to the implementation about how much initial space to allocate in the hash-table. This information, taken together with the rehash-threshold, controls the approximate number of entries which it should be possible to insert before the table has to grow. The actual size might be rounded up from size to the next `good' size; for example, some implementations might round to the next prime number.
rehash-size specifies a minimum amount to increase the size of the hash-table when it becomes full enough to require rehashing; see rehash-theshold below. If rehash-size is an integer, the expected growth rate for the table is additive and the integer is the number of entries to add; if it is a float, the expected growth rate for the table is multiplicative and the float is the ratio of the new size to the old size. As with size, the actual size of the increase might be rounded up.
rehash-threshold specifies how full the hash-table can get before it must grow. It specifies the maximum desired hash-table occupancy level.
The values of rehash-size and rehash-threshold do not constrain the implementation to use any particular method for computing when and by how much the size of hash-table should be enlarged. Such decisions are implementation-dependent, and these values only hints from the programmer to the implementation, and the implementation is permitted to ignore them.
(setq table (make-hash-table)) => #<HASH-TABLE EQL 0/120 46142754> (setf (gethash "one" table) 1) => 1 (gethash "one" table) => NIL, false (setq table (make-hash-table :test 'equal)) => #<HASH-TABLE EQUAL 0/139 46145547> (setf (gethash "one" table) 1) => 1 (gethash "one" table) => 1, T (make-hash-table :rehash-size 1.5 :rehash-threshold 0.7) => #<HASH-TABLE EQL 0/120 46156620>
Affected By: None.
Exceptional Situations: None.
See Also:
Notes: None.


text:
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The much anticipated House of Commons report into the Evidence Check on Homeopathy has now been published and it may well be the report that changes the face of homeopathy in the UK. But more than that, its implications will also be felt around the world.
In a thorough appraisal of the issues and evidence that will become required reading for any health official looking at the public funding and provision of homeopathy, the MPs conclude,
By providing homeopathy on the NHS and allowing MHRA licensing of products which subsequently appear on pharmacy shelves, the Government runs the risk of endorsing homeopathy as an efficacious system of medicine. To maintain patient trust, choice and safety, the Government should not endorse the use of placebo treatments, including homeopathy. Homeopathy should not be funded on the NHS and the MHRA should stop licensing homeopathic products.
Both areas have come under intense criticism from the MPs. Of course, the central question of evidence into the policy concerning such areas must be the evidence of the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment. The evidence submitted by homeopaths was a complete ragbag, ranging from the selective, the misleading, the irrelevant to the bizarre.
As such, homeopathy will be under more pressure than it could have conceived possible. It may not be that this government acts on this report – elections are looming – but that is not important. Within PCTs, the NHS will start rethinking and no doubt start unwinding provision for it. There will be a ratchet effect. Bit by bit, funding will stop, never to return. West Kent PCT has done so. The likes of Liverpool, Glasgow, Bristol and London will surely follow. The Medicines Regulator will be under strong pressure to review its stance as it is clearly complicit in misleading the public with how it allows homeopathic products to be labelled.
So, what does the report conclude?
It appears to be a very well thought out document. Firstly, it sets out what its expectations of government would be for making policy on homeopathy:
Our expectations of the evidence base relevant to government policies on the provision of homeopathy are straightforward. We would expect the Government to have a view on the efficacy of homeopathy so as to inform its policy on the NHS funding and provision of homeopathy. Such a view should be based on the best available evidence, that is, rigorous randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses and systematic reviews of RCTs. If the effects of homeopathy can be primarily attributed to the placebo effect, we would expect the Government to have a view on the ethics of prescribing placebos.
We conclude that the principle of like-cures-like is theoretically weak. It fails to provide a credible physiological mode of action for homeopathic products. We note that this is the settled view of medical science.
We recommend that the Government Chief Scientific Adviser and Professor Harper, Chief Scientist at the DH, get together to see if they can reach an agreed position on the question of whether there is any merit in research funding being directed towards the claimed modes of action of homeopathy.
We regret that advocates of homeopathy, including in their submissions to our inquiry, choose to rely on, and promulgate, selective approaches to the treatment of the evidence base as this risks confusing or misleading the public, the media and policy- makers.
There has been enough testing of homeopathy and plenty of evidence showing that it is not efficacious. Competition for research funding is fierce and we cannot see how further research on the efficacy of homeopathy is justified in the face of competing priorities.
It is also unethical to enter patients into trials to answer questions that have been settled already. Given the different position on this important question between the Minister and his Chief Scientist, we recommend that the Government Chief Scientific Adviser, Professor John Beddington, investigate whether ministers are receiving effective advice and publish his own advice on this question.
We do not doubt that homeopathy makes some patients feel better. However, patient satisfaction can occur through a placebo effect alone and therefore does not prove the efficacy of homeopathic interventions.
We recommend that the Department of Health circulate NHS West Kent's review of the commissioning of homeopathy to those PCTs with homeopathic hospitals within their areas. It should recommend that they also conduct reviews as a matter of urgency, to determine whether spending money on homeopathy is cost effective in the context of competing priorities.
For patient choice to be real choice, patients must be adequately informed to understand the implications of treatments. For homeopathy this would certainly require an explanation that homeopathy is a placebo. When this is not done, patient choice is meaningless. When it is done, the effectiveness of the placebo—that is, homeopathy—may be diminished. We argue that the provision of homeopathy on the NHS, in effect, diminishes, not increases, informed patient choice.
When the NHS funds homeopathy, it endorses it. Since the NHS Constitution explicitly gives people the right to expect that decisions on the funding of drugs and treatments are made "following a proper consideration of the evidence", patients may reasonably form the view that homeopathy is an evidence-based treatment.
We conclude that placebos should not be routinely prescribed on the NHS. The funding of homeopathic hospitals—hospitals that specialise in the administration of placebos—should not continue, and NHS doctors should not refer patients to homeopaths.
We are concerned that homeopathic products were, and continued to be, exempted from the requirement for evidence of efficacy and have been allowed to continue holding Product Licences of Right. We recommend that no PLRs for homeopathic products are renewed beyond 2013.
The absence of a requirement to show evidence of efficacy means that the MHRA's current arrangements would allow a person to seek, for example, a licence for a confectionary product as long as he or she persuaded a number of people that it was a homeopathic product with therapeutic effects. Such a development would, rightly, bring the licensing arrangements into disrepute. We are concerned that the lack of rigour in the MHRA's licensing processes by, for example, allowing the use of provings is allowing homeopathic products to build medical claims unsupported by any evidence. We conclude that the MHRA should seek evidence of efficacy to the same standard for all the products examined for licensing which make medical claims and we recommend that the MHRA remove all references to homeopathic provings from its guidance other than to make it clear that they are not evidence of efficacy.
If the MHRA is to continue to regulate the labelling of homeopathic products, which we do not support, we recommend that the tests are redesigned to ensure and demonstrate through user testing that participants clearly understand that the products contain no active ingredients and are unsupported by evidence of efficacy, and the labelling should not mention symptoms, unless the same standard of evidence of efficacy used to assess conventional medicines has been met.
Although it goes wider than the scope of this Evidence Check inquiry we must put on record our concern about the length of time the RPSGB appears to be taking to investigate and reach conclusions on cases where it has been alleged that its guidelines on the sale of homeopathic products have been breached. We recommend that the Government enquires into whether the RPSGB, and from the 2010 handover, the General Pharmaceutical Council, is doing an adequate job in respect of the time taken to pursue complaints.
It is unacceptable for the MHRA to license placebo products—in this case sugar pills—conferring upon them some of the status of medicines. Even if medical claims on labels are prohibited, the MHRA's licensing itself lends direct credibility to a product. Licensing paves the way for retail in pharmacies and consequently the patient's view of the credibility of homeopathy may be further enhanced. We conclude that it is time to break this chain and, as the licensing regimes operated by the MHRA fail the Evidence Check, the MHRA should withdraw its discrete licensing schemes forhomeopathic products.


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Pages |
The Vegetarian Pages (incorporating the World Guide to Vegetarianism) will be relaunched. We are hoping the site will regain its value to the vegetarian community: as the premier website for vegetarian information. |
To do this, we will be relying on you and the the rest of the vegetarian community to add information to the site, so we hope that you will keep coming back to add information about vegetarian places worth visiting - both in the World and on the Internet.
As you will be aware, the information on this site had not been updated for too long and so a new method of updating the site is nearing completion. This will allow the site to be both easier to navigate and maintain. We hope you'll like it.


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Optional Integrated OHD Anywhere®
Wi-fi and smart phone control capabilities
Choose to have your opener with or without a battery backup; also choose between a belt or chain rail.
DC motor technology
DC motor operates with variable speed for soft start and stop, providing smooth, quiet operation, less wear and tear on your garage door and opening speed of 7.0"/second.
CodeDodger® access security system
Each time the remote control is activated, a new acess code is selected from 4.3 billion possible combinations to help prevent piracy of the radio signal that opens your door.
Auto seek frequency range
The opener listens for both the 315 or 390 MHz frequency emitted by the remote or wireless keypad, allowing reliable operation even in areas with frequency interference.
Self-diagnostic Safe-T-Beam® System
When objects pass through the infrared beam, the door automatically stops closing and then reverses.
C-channel rail
Operator rail designed for strength; conceals rotating belt or chain for safety and better aesthetics.
Light system
Illuminate your garage with built-in lighting positioned toward inside of garage. Compatible with most CFL and LED light bulbs.
Automobile convenience features
Compatible with HomeLink® and Car2U® systems.


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Back To The Desert Boonies…And An Arctic Blast??!! Yuma, AZ
So we've left San Diego and can once again breathe the sigh of wide-open spaces and a relaxing desert sunset. Ahhhhh…in our beloved boonies once again! Nothing quite like expansive views at zero cost to make a boondockers heart a-flutter with joy…it's glorious, it's gorgeous, but it's not all-together perfect. Oh no, it is certainly not. As Shakespeare most likely would have put it (had he been RVing that is), something is rotten in the state of AZ, and it's all the fault of those pesky northerners.
You see we're scheduled for a rare "Arctic Blast". It's a highly unusual situation where icy-cold winds descend like the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse from the north and engulf the poor temperate-loving, surf-short and flip-flop wearing folks of the south. At the same time a wonderfully warm thaw engulfs the East creating a yin-yang of temps across the US. Granted it's not exactly snow-weather, but I'm a total temperature wimp.
Here we are, clustered right next to the Mexican border (as far south as we can reasonably get here), with our nighttime forecast scheduled to be COLDER than New York City??!! I mean, seriously??!! We may be the only nutters on the entire planet who decide to go boondocking on a week-end like this, and I'm worried my usual sock-in-flip-flop attire (as fashionably fetching as it is) may not be enough.
But what is life without a few challenges, eh?
Thankfully being the experienced cold-weather boondockers we are, we have an entire RV-ready arsenal at our disposal. Reflectix insulation for all the windows, new insulating MCD shades, a cozy Mr.Buddy heater, a full propane tank and enough solar power to re-charge those batteries even with a whole night of running the furnace. Oh, and sock-in-flops of course. At night all the animals and us squeeze into the back bedroom with the furnace on and create a 3-foot-high human-fur pile of mutual insulation. It may be a little harder to sleep with two cats super-glued to your chest, but it sure is warm….
We're going to spend the next few days just relaxing and enjoying our boondocking spot before making our way to our dentist appts in Mexico. That is, if we don't freeze into ice cubes first.


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If you are hunting for a Healthcare Portal Development Company, Webclick® Digital Pvt. Ltd. offers the Best Healthcare Portal Development Services in Jaipur. This platform designed to bridge the gap between patients and physicians and other healthcare specialists. This can increase your reputation among clients and work well for different customers. These portals are easy to navigate and appreciated by the service provider and patients as well.
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Copyright © 2014 - 2021 Webclick® Digital Pvt. Ltd. All Rights Reserved.


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34Ft Topaz/Phantom
Boat Amenities:
- Air conditioning
- Full Head
- Ship to shore radio
- Fish Finder
- Fighting Chair
- Outriggers
- Lifejackets
- Stereo/AUX
All-inclusive Package:
- Fishing License ( Not Included ** $ 12.00 to $ 14.00 depending on Exchange rate )
- Lunch** ($14.00 each)
- Soft Drinks**
- Beers* *
- Included, Filleting, Ice , Water and Taxes (16%)
- Ice Water
- Fish Cleaning
- Fishing Gear
- First Mate
- Fuel
* $50.00 Beverages per trip of soft drinks, beer or a combination
Charter Includes
Baits $30.00 USD ,Ice and Waters for the day, Taxes, and Filleting.
Deposit: $ 400.00 Dlls
5 Hrs Charter: $ 875.00 Dlls
8 Hrs Charter $1000.00 Dlls
Simple , Easy Reservations:
Use our Automated Paypal secure credit card reservation system.
Just add your Name, and the fishing Date, and make your Deposit, or payment in Full.
You will receive a charter confirmation email in 24hrs. with all pick up and meeting details.
To pay your deposit:
You may use the following button to pay for required deposits. These transactions are processed through the highly secure PayPal site.
When you make your reservation to charter any boat, we require a deposit per day for each day that you have reserved the boat. This deposit reserves the boat, crew, fuel, and tackle for the entire period of your charter.
Deposit will secure and guarantee your charter day and Price to be locked in until the charter date arrives. Refunds will be given upon 72 hours notice prior to the charter date.
Call Edward or Carlos for Charter information in Cabo. We now have a USA : 1-619-251-2910. Or to call our cell phone dialing from the U.S. dial 011-52 (664) 375-1053 or email us at: email@example.com. We will respond within 24 hours. If you do not get a reply, please try again as we are bombarded with spam and are trying our best to filter out the bad and keep the good emails we receive. Emails with no subject info or 'hello' are considered spam and are filtered out. Thank you for your understanding.
Cancellations Must be received a minimum of 72 hours prior to date of charter, or cancellation can not be accepted. A minimum charge will apply. Cancellations received in time will have a minimum booking fee of 33% applied due to dates and space can not be sold to others clients and we loose money.


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It sure is hard to have faith in your 401k. It seems pointless to keep putting money into it every month when the total balance goes down. Plus it seems hopeless that you will ever have enough to retire. While the temptation is to stop contributing to your 401k completely, don't give in! Look at it this way:
1) The money you are contributing now is actually going a longer way than you think. You are buying at the low point in the market and getting more bang for your buck. In fact, when the market comes back, you will actually have more than you thought. 2) Step up the percentage that you are increasing. I know you think that it ludicrous in this market but that is the best way to get back to the level of money you were at before the market tanked. A woman in Simply Money realized she was only contributing 2% instead of the 10% she could afford.
3) Most of us aren't saving as much as we should be anyhow, so that is another reason to increase the percentage to our 401ks. 4) Keep your costs low in your 401k by choosing the index funds that are available such as ones in Vanguard. 5) This will allow you to retire at an earlier age than you think. Run your numbers on this retirement calculator at Kiplinger.com.


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Privacy Policy
NOTOIRE Limited respects your privacy and is committed to protecting your personal data. This privacy policy will inform you as to how we look after your personal data when you visit our website (regardless of where you visit it from) and tell you about your privacy rights and how the law protects you.
In this privacy policy we explain how we collect and use your personal information. 'We are NOTOIRE Limited and we are the data controller for the purposes of the Data Protection Act 1998 and the EU General Data Protection Regulation.
We are a company registered in England and Wales under company number 643012, whose registered office is located at AZAT MARD HQ, 98 Cheetham Hill Road, Manchester M4 4EX, United Kingdom we are committed to protecting and respecting your privacy.
This policy (together with our terms of use, which can be viewed at: https://www.azatmardofficial.com/terms-conditions and any other documents referred to on it) sets out the basis on which any personal data we collect from you, or that you provide to us, will be processed by us. Please read the following carefully to understand our views and practices regarding your personal data and how we will treat it. By visiting https://www.azatmardofficial.com/ (the "Website") you are accepting and consenting to the practices described in this policy.
We must have a lawful basis to process your personal data, and this policy explains what our lawful basis is in respect of each purpose for which we keep and use information about you. Generally, we are allowed to process your personal data where it is necessary in connection with a contract between us (such as a contract to supply our products), where it is necessary in order for us to comply with our legal obligations, or where we have a legitimate interest to do so (but we will always consider whether your right to privacy overrides our interest).
Please note that links from our website may take you to external websites which are not covered by this policy. We recommend that you check their privacy policies before submitting any personal information to such sites. We will not be responsible for the content, function or information collection policies of these external websites.
What information do we collect about you and how do we collect it?
You are not required (by law or by any contract with us) to provide personal information to us via this website. We will only require you to provide personal information to us where it is necessary for us to provide you with our products at your request.
Information you provide to us
We may receive personal information about you whenever you contact us. For example, by doing the following or for the following reasons:
- Enquiring about our products
- Signing up for marketing emails and/or direct mail – you change your marketing preferences at any time
- Signing up to our WhatsApp messages
- Date of birth – to prevent and detect against fraud against you and NOTOIRE Limited
- Using and browsing our website (including placing an order)
- Taking part in competitions, surveys and promotions
- Telephoning, texting, writing by post or emailing us
- Enquiring about, or applying for, job vacancies – this information may include the following:
- Additional information relevant to your use of our site and services, such as your marketing preferences, survey responses and feedback
- Information about your order, including the recipient
- Payment information (this is securely collected and processed by our payment provider)
- Normal identification information, such as your full name, date of birth, age, gender.
- Photograph and clothing preferences.
- Contact information, such as your postal address, email address and telephone number
- Your CV including details of your education and employment history (and any other information which you may choose to provide to us with your CV)
Information we collect about you from other sources
We may collect information about you from other sources. This may include the following:
- Information you have shared publicly, including on social media (particularly in respect of job applications).
- If you apply for a job, we may collect information about your criminal record by obtaining a DBS check through an approved agency.
This list is not exhaustive, and in specific instances, we may need to collect additional data for the purposes set out in this policy.
Information we receive about you from other sources
Sometimes you will have given your consent for other websites, services or third parties to provide information to us.
This could include information we receive about you if you use any of the other websites that we operate or the other services that we provide, in which case we will have informed you when we collected that data if we intend to share that data internally and combine it with data collected on this website. We will also have told you for what purpose we will share and combine your data.
It could also include information from third parties that we work with to provide our products, such as payment processors, delivery companies, technical support companies and advertising companies. Whenever we receive information about you from these third parties, we will let you know what information we have received and how and why we intend to use it.
Use of your social media content
If you agree to us using any image, video or other content from your social media profiles (including Instagram, Facebook and Twitter), you confirm that:
- You are the owner of all intellectual property rights (including copyright) in such image, video or other content and that you are entitled to grant us the rights set out in this paragraph;
- You grant us a perpetual, irrevocable, royalty-free license to use, copy and publish your image, video or other content for the purposes of promoting, advertising and endorsing us and our goods and participating in any promotional activity, including us using your image, video or other content in any media including social media, our website and banner, email content, print advertising and blog content;
- When using, copying or publishing your image, video or other content in accordance with the above bullet-point, you consent to us including your name, user profile and other information from your social media profile in any such use.
Please let us know if at any time you wish us to stop using any of your image, video or other content in promotional activity by contacting us by email at firstname.lastname@example.com
How do we use your personal information?
We take data protection law seriously, so below we have set out exactly how and why we use your information, and what our legal basis is to be able to use your information in each way.
Supplying our products
It is necessary for us to use personal information about you to enter into and perform the contracts that we make with you, such as when you become a customer. Using your information in this context is necessary so that we can:
- Provide you with information about your contract with us
- Provide you with information about our products
- Verify your identity
- Deal with any complaints you may have
- Contact you about any changes that we make to our products
- Administer our website, including troubleshooting problems, analysing statistics, conducting research and tests and keeping the site secure
- If you enquire about, or apply for a job vacancy, it is necessary for us to use your personal information as part of the recruitment process, in order to assess your suitability for a particular role.
Telling you about other products or services that we think may be of interest to you
We may use your information to identify and tell you about our products or services that we think may be of interest to you. We will only do this where you have informed us that you would like to receive marketing communications through email and/or direct mail.
We may also use your information to invite you to participate in market research. If we do contact you about market research, you do not have to participate. If you tell us that you do not want to receive market research communications, we will respect this.
Whether you choose to receive marketing communications, or market research communications is entirely up to you. You can choose to receive both, none, or one or the other. You can also choose whether you would like to receive marketing communications through both email and direct mail, none or one of the other.
Your choice will not affect any products or services that you have purchased from us, nor will it affect any quotes for products or services you buy in future.
You can update your preferences by using the links in any of our emails to you, by getting in touch using our website or our Customer Services team, or through the Account section on our website.
Telling you about products that are similar to ones that you have already bought
If you have already bought a product from us, we may contact you with some information about products that are similar.
We will only contact you by email or text message or direct mail and you can choose not to receive these messages at any time. Simply follow the instructions in the message or get in touch using our website.
Making our business better
We always want to offer the best products, services and experience that we can. Sometimes this means we may use your information to find ways that we can improve what we do, or how we do it.
In this context, we will only use your information where it is necessary so that we can:
- Review and improve our existing products and develop new ones
- Review and improve the performance of our systems, processes and staff (including training)
- Improve our site to ensure that content is presented in the most effective manner for you and for your computer
- Measure and understand the effectiveness of advertising we serve to you and others, and to deliver relevant advertising to you
Contacting you
We want to stay in touch with you. Sometimes we may need to use the information that we have about you in order to respond to your questions or let you know about important changes.
We will only use your information in this respect where it is necessary so that we can:
- Interact and respond to any communications you send us, including where you use the Contact Us section, and any social media posts that you tag us in
- Let you know about any important changes to our business or policies
Verifying your identity
We may use your information where it is necessary for us to do so in order to meet our legal obligations or to detect and prevent fraud, money-laundering and other crimes.
Protecting you and others from harm
We may use your information where it is necessary to protect your interests, or the interests of others. This may include in the event of criminality such as identity theft, piracy or fraud.
We need all the categories of information listed above to allow us:
- To enter into and perform our contract with you;
- To enable us to comply with legal obligations; and
- To pursue legitimate interests of our own or those of third parties (provided your interests and fundamental rights do not override those interests).
The situations in which we will process your personal data are listed set out in the table below and indicate the purpose or purposes for which we are processing or will process your personal information.
Perform Our Contract With You |
Comply With Legal Obligations |
Pursue Legitimate Interests |
Verifying your identity |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Making a decision to supply our products |
✓ |
Administering the contract we have entered into with you |
✓ |
Dealing with any complaints you may have |
✓ |
✓ |
Logistics management and planning, including accounting and auditing |
✓ |
✓ |
Making arrangements for the termination of our contract |
✓ |
✓ |
Making repairs, alterations and improvements to the services supplied |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Dealing with legal disputes involving you |
✓ |
✓ |
Complying with health and safety obligations |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
To detect and prevent fraud, money-laundering and other crimes |
✓ |
To review and improve the performance of our systems, processes and staff (including training) |
✓ |
To interact and respond to any communications you send us, including social media posts that you tag us in |
✓ |
To let you know about any important changes to our business or policies |
✓ |
To ensure that the information that we hold about you is accurate and up to date |
✓ |
To protect your interests, or the interests of others (such as in the event of criminality such as identity theft, piracy or fraud) |
✓ |
✓ |
Change of purpose
We will only use your personal information for the purposes for which we collected it, unless we reasonably consider that we need to use it for another reason and that reason is compatible with the original purpose. If we need to use your personal information for an unrelated purpose we will notify you and we will explain the legal basis which allows us to do so.
Please note that we may process your personal information without your knowledge or consent, in compliance with the above rules, where this is required or permitted by law.
Who do we share your personal information with?
We may share your data with selected third parties. For example, we may share your information with:
- Business partners, suppliers and sub-contractors for the performance of any contract we enter into with them or you;
- Our staff so that we can provide our products and services to you;
- Advertisers and advertising networks that require the data to select and serve relevant adverts to you and others. We do not disclose information about identifiable individuals to our advertisers but have the right to provide them with aggregate information about our users. We may make use of the personal data we have collected from you to enable us to comply with our advertisers' wishes by displaying their advertisement to that target audience;
- Analytics and search engine providers that assist us in the improvement and optimisation of our site; and
- Credit reference agencies for the purpose of assessing your credit score where this is a condition of us entering into a contract with you.
There are certain exceptional circumstances in which we may disclose your information to third parties. This would be where we believe that the disclosure is:
- Required by the law, or in order to comply with judicial proceedings, court orders or legal or regulatory proceedings
- Necessary to protect the safety of our employees, our property or the public
- Necessary for the prevention or detection of crime, including exchanging information with other companies or organisations for the purposes of fraud protection and credit risk reduction.
- Proportionate as part of a merger, business or asset sale, in the event that this happens we will share your information with the prospective seller or buyer involved.
How long do we keep your personal information?
- We will only store your personal information for as long as we need it for the purposes for which it was collected. If you have purchased a product from our website then we will keep this information for 5 years to fulfil our legal obligations.
- If you apply for a job vacancy (or otherwise send us your CV) we will retain your CV (and any publicly available information, for example from social media) for a period of 6 months. If we are considering you for a particular role, we may retain this information for longer than that period.
- In all other circumstances, we will keep your information only for as long as necessary for the purpose it was collected. At the end of that period we will delete your data completely, or anonymously aggregate to use in in a non-identifiable way for statistical analysis and business planning.
- Where we store your personal data
The data that we collect from you will be transferred to, and stored at, a destination outside the European Economic Area ("EEA"). It will also be processed by staff operating outside the EEA who work for us or for one of our suppliers. This includes staff engaged in, among other things, the fulfilment of your order, the processing of your payment details and the provision of support services. By submitting your personal data, you agree to this transfer, storing or processing. We will take all steps reasonably necessary to ensure that your data is treated securely and in accordance with this privacy policy.
All information you provide to us is stored on our secure servers. Any payment transactions will be encrypted using SSL technology. Where we have given you (or where you have chosen) a password which enables you to access certain parts of our site, you are responsible for keeping this password confidential. We ask you not to share a password with anyone.
Unfortunately, the transmission of information via the internet is not completely secure. Although we will do our best to protect your personal data, we cannot guarantee the security of your data transmitted to our site; any transmission is at your own risk. Once we have received your information, we will use strict procedures and security features to try to prevent unauthorised access.
In order to find out more information about our transfers outside of the EEA, please contact us using the details below.
What rights do you have in respect of your personal information?
You have the right to be informed
We have a legal obligation to provide you with concise, transparent, intelligible and easily accessible information about your personal information and our use of it. We have written this policy to do just that, but if you have any questions or require more specific information, you can get in touch using Contact Us section of the website.
You have the right to access your personal data
You have the right to ask us to confirm whether or not we hold any of your personal information. If we do, you have the right to have a copy of your information and to be informed of the following:
- Why we have been using your information
- What categories of information we were using
- Who we have shared the information with
- How long we envisage holding your information
In order to maintain the security of your information, we will have to verify your identity before we provide you with a copy of the information we hold.
The first copy of your information that you request from us will be provided free of charge, if you require further copies we may charge an administrative fee to cover our costs.
You have the right to correct any inaccurate or incomplete personal data
Where you have requested a copy of the information we hold about you, you may notice that there are inaccuracies in the records, or that certain parts are incomplete. If this is the case you can contact us so that we can correct our records.
You have the right to be forgotten
There may be times where it is no longer necessary for us to hold personal information about you. This could be if:
- The information is no longer needed for the original purpose that we collected it for
- You withdraw your consent for us to use the information (and we have no other legal reason to keep using it)
- You object to us using your information and we have no overriding reason to keep using it
- We have used your information unlawfully
- We are subject to a legal requirement to delete your information
In those situations you have the right to have your personal data deleted. If you believe one of these situations applies to you, please get in touch using our website.
You have the right to have a copy of your data transferred to you or a third party in a compatible format
Also known as data portability, you have the right to obtain a copy of your personal data for your own purposes. This right allows you to move, copy or transfer your personal data more easily from one IT system to another, in a safe and secure way.
If you would like us to transfer a copy of your data to you or another organisation in a structured, commonly use and machine-readable format, please contact us. There is no charge for you exercising this right.
You have the right to object to direct marketing
You can tell us at any time that you would prefer that we do not use your information for direct marketing purposes. If you would not like to receive any direct marketing from us, please contact us or use the links provided in any of our marketing communications, and we will stop sending direct marketing immediately.
You have the right to object to us using your information for our own legitimate interests
Sometimes, we use your personal information to achieve goals that will help us as well as you. This includes:
- When we tell you about products or services that are similar to ones that you have already bought
- When we use your information to help us make our business better
- When we contact you to interact, communicate or let you know about changes we are making
We aim to always ensure that your rights and information are properly protected. If you believe that the way we are using your data is not justified due to its impact on you or your rights, you have the right to object. Unless we have a compelling reason to continue, we must stop using your personal data for these purposes.
In order to exercise your right to object to our use of your data for the purposes above, please contact us.
You have the right to restrict how we use your personal data
You have the right to ask us to stop using your personal data in any way other than simply keeping a copy of it. This right is available where:
- You have informed us that the information we hold about you is inaccurate, and we have not yet been able to verify this
- You have objected to us using your information for our own legitimate interests and we are in the process of considering your objection
- We have used your information in an unlawful way, but you do not want us to delete your data
- We no longer need to use the information, but you need it for a legal claim
If you believe any of these situations apply, please contact us.
You have rights related to automated-decision making and profiling
Any automated decision-making or profiling we undertake is solely for the purpose of tailoring the information which we provide to you. We will not use automated decision-making or profiling to make any decisions which will have a legal effect upon you or otherwise significantly affect you, and you have the right not to be subject to such decisions. If you have any concerns or questions about this right, please contact us.
Changes to our Privacy Policy
Any changes we make to our privacy policy in the future will be posted on this page and, where appropriate, notified to you by email. Please check back frequently to see any updates or changes to our privacy policy.
This version was last updated on 12th May 2019 and historic versions can be obtained by contacting us.
If you wish to make a complaint about our collection or use of your personal data, please contact us in the first instance so that we may seek to resolve your complaint.
You have the right to lodge a complaint with the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO), the statutory body which oversees data protection law in the UK. Please visit the ICO website if you wish to lodge a complaint with the ICO.
Contact Us
Questions, comments and requests regarding this privacy policy are welcomed and should be addressed to:
Azat Mard HQ, 98 Cheetham Hill Road, Cheetham Hill, Manchester M4 4EX or


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YKK #5 Molded Plastic Two-Way Jacket Bottom Slide Zipper Pulls - 24/Pack - Assorted Colors
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A Zipper Pull For Every Zipper
Find the perfect pull to match your style of zipper from our selection of Zipper Pulls. Replacement zipper pulls are great for fixing broken zippers, installing continuous zippers, or to have on hand for quick repairs. Choose from replacement zipper sliders for plastic, metal, or nylon coil zippers. Available in one-way, two-way, and reversible styles and a variety of sizes.
What Size Zipper Pull Do I Need?
If replacing an old zipper pull, check the back of the previous slider for the size—it will often appear as a number or number-letter combination stamped on the back of the zipper slide. For example, 8 or 8C on the back of a YKK zipper slider would indicate a #8 zipper. If there is no visible zipper size or you don't have a slider to reference, measure the width of the zipper teeth when closed. The width in millimeters corresponds to the zipper's size. For example, zipper teeth that are 5 mm across would be a #5 zipper. If the measurement is not exact, round to the closest possible zipper size. Be sure to match the style and material of the replacement zipper pull to the zipper as well to ensure the slider fits properly and is functional.
How To Replace A Zipper Pull
Many common zipper problems can be resolved by replacing the entire zipper slider. To replace, remove the top stop with a pair of pliers or nippers. Remove the old slider and slide on the replacement zipper pull and slider, making sure that the "nose" section of the slide faces outward. Run the zipper pull back and forth a few times to ensure that it's functioning correctly, then replace the top stop with a new one and crimp it with pliers to hold it in place.


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I've talked before about doing a newsletter. Oddly enough, regular readers of my blog didn't see a lot of use for it, most likely because they already know what I'm up to most of the time. I'm starting a newsletter anyway, to connect with people who read my stories elsewhere (or maybe who even buy my books) and want to know when I have something new coming out, as well as others who don't find that blog reading is a good way to stay in touch.
The newsletter will launch in July and will come out twice a month. The first issue each month will include an episode of a steampunk serial, while the second will focus more on my mysteries, with character blurbs or perhaps recipes. All issues will talk about what I'm up to, what I've read recently that I'd like to recommend, and perhaps even posts I've had on the blog that might be worth checking out, for those who don't already read it. Look for information on signing up soon.
Meanwhile, here's the introduction to the steampunk serial, to whet your appetite:
We pelted across the grass, away from the village. Everything had been going so well, and then Felix had to go and mess it up, as usual. I was so busy running that it took me a moment to realize we were running toward the setting sun.
I tried to grab Felix's sleeve to get his attention, but he nimbly dodged me, presumably thinking me one of the villagers. "We're going the wrong way!"
He ignored me. What else was new? And I followed him, not having anything better to do. I didn't like my chances with the villagers, so I had to trust him. Again, nothing new. I just hoped this escapade worked out better than his underwater-protection instant pontoons, which had failed while we were in the middle of a school of sharks. Not that sharks school, as he informed me at the time and on numerous occasions since.The dry grass under our feet made running easy for both us and the villagers behind us, and they were used to the terrain. A spear whistled past me, close enough to make me redouble my speed.
"Relax, Owen," Felix said. "They're just getting the distance. They don't want to hurt the pup. Anyway, we'll be away before they get it right."
The less I said to him about the pup, the better. "Away where?""Over the cliff, of course," he shouted with a wild grin, as though the sharp rocks below held no fears for him. Perhaps they didn't; Felix is more than a little unbalanced, I'm afraid.
That's not what you want to hear, though. Like so many, you've probably bought into the myth and hype of Felix Wright, adventurer extraordinaire. Fair enough. There's truth behind the legend, and he is undoubtedly the smartest person I know, except possibly for his twin — but we'll get to that.
I'll make it easy on you, go back and start over, tell you how we wound up on that cliff, running away from the villagers all because Felix had a hankering for a new pet. Soon you'll know all you ever wanted to about the wild inventor of the west.


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Hialeah Lighted Signs
Every business needs to have a sign that will help them show their clients who they are even before they visit their shop. However, if your sign is not visible at night, your target clientele may go to your competition even if you are open for business.
Lighted signs are the best investment any business could make for their brand, especially if they operate in the late hours. It can be customized to match your requirements, from the style of the lighting, the dimensions of the sign, light intensity to its purpose. Lighted signs can be used as storefront signs, informational signs, directional signs, and many others, calling people to your display or content if designed correctly.
Our custom Hialeah lighted signs at Bebold Sign Studio are made from top-notch sign materials that fit your sign's purpose and your branding. They are also personalized to match your specifications no matter how detailed you want it to look like or where you plan to install it. Our Hialeah, FL sign company will make the experience of requesting signs stress-free, and we're ready to take on your request whenever you need a push to reach your business goals.
Call Bebold Sign Studio at (786) 628-9615 for your Free Consultation with a Hialeah Lighted Sign expert!
Traditional Neon Signs
Neon signs are the way to go for many businesses back in the day to appeal to their target market.
They are eye-catching, and they fit any theme you may have for your business sign. However, they can be very expensive to maintain and use. It is also dangerous to use for a long time because of its material that produces chemical components harmful to the environment.
Fortunately, you can still get traditional neon signs with our Hialeah lighted signs service. We will use LED lighted signs that mimic neon signs then style them to suit your design and achieve your business goals with them. We guarantee these alternative neon signs will be cost-efficient and effective wherever they are installed in your business.
Lighted LED Signs
Since neon lights are very hard to maintain and use a lot of electricity, LED bulbs are used as an alternative.
LED bulbs are ideal because they use low energy, and they are available in various styles, mimicking other lights, including neon lights. It also requires less maintenance in comparison to other types of lights. Thanks to these characteristics, LED bulbs can make lighted signs more flexible, and can be used as backlighting for existing signs.
Lighted LED signs can be used by any business, especially those that have evening hours, like hotels, clubs, restaurants, gas stations, and others. When you reach out to us, we will create the LED signs based on your needs.
Indoor Lighted Signs
Our Hialeah lighted signs can also be used indoors, especially as storefront signs, directional signs, and informational signs.
Bebold Sign Studio can customize your lighted signs to have your brand theme and personality, as well as your content. We can also add extras like backlighting, LED screens, and many others.
Our team will handle the electronic components to make sure they work perfectly at any given time.
Programmable Digital Message Centers
You can also avail yourself of our lighted sign service for digital message centers. These signs come with LED screens that feature your ideal content and can be programmed wherever you are.
Whether you want to promote your brand's location, new products or services, or just share information, you can change the displayed content in these digital message centers, and it will be up and running in no time.
Our digital message centers come in various styles, LED screen types, and customizable features which can be customized further to match your needs.
We can also attach these digital message centers to your existing signs and ensure they are securely done to prevent safety concerns.
Full-Service LED Sign Company
Whether it is our custom Hialeah lighted signs or our other custom signs, you can trust Bebold Sign Studio to make them for you efficiently and on time.
Our Hialeah, FL sign company will make the project simple and stress-free, from designing how your lighted signs will look like, what materials will be used, where they will be installed, to getting them installed safely in the right location.
We even offer support services like maintenance and repairs so that your signs continue to work as you intended all the time.
You can also count on Bebold Sign Studio to make other signs for you, such as ADA signs, storefront signs, and many others. Simply let us know what you are looking for, and we'll make them for you.
Free Lighted Sign Consultation
If you want people to see your signs at any given time and stand out from your competition, you should invest in high-quality and personalized lighted signs for your business.
A personalized one will introduce your brand well and showcase it in a positive light, even at night.
To get one tailored for your business, you should contact Bebold Sign Studio today! We have a free consultation service ready for you to take and get your project underway.
You won't go wrong in trusting us to be your signage partner for any sign you have in mind for your business.
Call Bebold Sign Studio at (786) 628-9615 for your Free Consultation with a Hialeah Lighted Sign expert!


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If Congress creates a public option in health-care insurance, will that inevita bly lead to a single-payer system, with the government everyone's insurer? And should that happen, would the single-payer system lower costs, enhance medical-service delivery and improve the health of all Americans, as its advocates promise.
Much can be learned about such questions by considering the history of secondary schools in America.
Universal public high school is relatively new in this country. As late as 1900, more than two-thirds of all US high-school graduates got their diploma from private schools; public schools were turning out only 62,000 graduates a year. In later decades, school districts expanded the "public option" in education; by 1960, 90 percent of high-school age students were enrolled. When something is free, people will use it.
Today, though, only about 10 percent of elementary and secondary students attend a private school. Private schools now attract only two kinds of families: 1) the well-to-do, who are willing to pay the high cost of private schooling; and 2) those seeking to preserve their religious traditions.
Anything available on the cheap will drive out the more expensive -- except for those with hefty wallets or strong convictions.
So if the public-school analogy holds, the public option in health-care insurance won't create a system of choice and competition, as the White House claims; it will slowly -- or not so slowly -- give way to a (nearly) single-payer system.
Will that lower costs and enhance medical quality? Here the lesson from public education is pretty clear. Since 1960, the per-pupil cost of public schooling has risen by 3½ times in real-dollar terms. Yet the percentage of students graduating from high school has slipped since 1970, and the performance of 17-year-olds in math, science and reading has remained unchanged.
True, the cost of medical services also has risen -- but, in contrast to education, Americans today enjoy medical services unheard of a couple of generations ago -- arthroscopic surgery, magnetic imaging, high-quality anesthesiology, bypass surgery, antibiotics galore, cholesterol-reducing medication, fertilization treatments and much more. Health has improved, and Americans are enjoying more years of active living -- all without a general public option in health insurance.
In education, where the single-payer system remains solidly intact, productivity losses abound. Students are not learning, while costs mount.
Should we expect the same to happen in medicine? Yes, says the contractor who is replacing the roof on my house. He promises to choose the public option for his employees, as it will be the cheapest available alternative. "And so will every other employer," he added.
A cheap public and expensive private options can't exist side by side without damaging the quality of medical services and significantly raising costs.


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For emergencies, always call 911!
If you are in immediate danger or your tip is in regards to a life-threatening emergency, call 911!
If you would like to submit a tip via text, please text your message to
Thank you in advance for submitting your tip and doing your part to help make our school community an even safer place to work and learn.


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GIL .. BIOSCI/Bionet News .. Biosequences .. Software .. FTP |
The French National Institute for Agronomical Research (INRA) is looking for a highly qualified and innovative scientist for the position of Director of its Plant Bioinformatics Unit The Unit has seven permanent staff, with six highly qualified computer scientists and analysts and one administrative assistant. Several temporary staff are funded by specific research programs and in particular the French national genomics initiative Génoplante. The Unit is presently located in Evry (30 km south of Paris), and will move next year to the INRA research centre of Versailles. The main missions of the Unit are: - to manage an informatics platform with interconnected databases relative to model and crop plant sequences, expression data, genetic and physical maps, genetic resources, phenotypic data, etc... - to set up relevant and user-friendly software and interfaces for high throughput analysis of data, directed in particular towards the understanding of genome structure, the identification of genes involved in trait variation and the prediction of their function, and the analysis of sequence polymorphism, - to develop new concepts and tools for the exploitation of results, in cooperation with research groups from the Genetics and Plant Breeding, Plant Biology, Plant Pathology, and the Applied Mathematics and Informatics Departments of INRA, as well as from other Research Institutes, - to organize the training of scientists to bioinformatics tools and approaches, - to monitor the technological development of emerging tools and concepts in the field of bioinformatics. Further information on the Unit can be found on the website http://urgi.versailles.inra.fr The main missions of the director will be: - to organize and manage the unit, - to coordinate the development of software and databases with a specific attention to their inter-operability in order to facilitate the development of innovative integrated approaches, taking into account quality control procedures, - to develop the external communication of the Unit, - to represent INRA in national and international initiatives related to plant informatics and its application to plant genetics and breeding, and to set up a strong cooperation network in the field. A strong background in bioinformatics and its application to genomics as well as at least five years experience in the field are needed. Knowledge of the French language will be positively considered but is not mandatory. For further information and application, please contact: Dr. Alain Charcosset Vice head of INRA Genetics and Plant Breeding Department charcos at moulon.inra.fr In a first step, applications should include a CV, a list of publications and a letter explaining briefly how former experience will be useful for the position. Deadline for application is October 15th but earlier application is encouraged *********************** Johann JOETS UMR de Genetique Vegetale Ferme du Moulon 91 190 Gif sur Yvette France 33(0)169332378 ************************


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London, Brussels (27/04 – 33)
Kazakh entrepreneur and philanthropist Kenes Rakishev's acquired company, Oxus Acquisition Corp. and Borealis Foods Inc. announced the signing of a definitive business combination agreement in February this year. This alliance is expected to result in a newly combined company under the name Borealis Foods Inc. Upon the signing, the company will continue to be led by Borealis' CEO and co-founder Reza Soltanzadeh, and chairman and co-Founder Barthelemy Helg. The boards of directors of Borealis and Oxus have each unanimously approved the proposed $150 million transaction.
Borealis is a food technology company that has created ramen meals that are organic, vegan, vegetarian, Halal, Kosher, plant-based, egg and dairy free, non-GMO, MSG free, and TBHQ free. These food items are manufactured with recyclable packaging. The company's subsidiary Palmetto Gourmet Foods, Inc. has an annual capacity to produce 600 million ready-to-eat ramen meals, sold in the US, Canada and soon Europe. The ramen category represents an estimated $40 billion market.
"We are thrilled about the next stage of Borealis and our alignment with Oxus on our shared vision of making healthy and sustainable food accessible to all. By combining with Oxus, we can fully realize our mission of developing food technology solutions to address global food challenges. This new company represents a significant step forward for us," said Reza Soltanzadeh, CEO of Borealis.
In turn, Kanat Mynzhanov, CEO of Oxus said that his team has been working hard to find an optimal partner to join us in this quest. "We have evaluated many potential candidates and we believe that we have found an excellent partner in Borealis, as a leading platform in food tech, and Palmetto as their first successful application of such innovation on a commercial scale. We believe Borealis is uniquely positioned to revolutionize the global basic food industry," he stated.
Oxus Acquisition Corp. is acquired by young businessman Kenes Rakishev. In September 2021, the company completed an initial public offering (IPO) on NASDAQ. Oxus is a SPAC (Special Purpose Acquisition Company) designed to raise capital through IPO for the purpose of acquiring or merging with an existing company.
The company had earlier announced its intention to pursue an initial business combination with any target business linked with energy transition technologies. With the help of the IPO, Oxus raised $172.5 million. The company had planned to find a target company and close a deal before March 8, 2023. However, Oxus shareholders have agreed to reschedule the deadline to December 8, 2023.
The deal with Borealis is expected to be closed in the third quarter of 2023.


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Public speaking is one fear that gets the best of many college students. Students cringe at the thought of having to give a presentation alone in front of their peers or at the thought of having to take a speech-centric course, despite the fact that some universities require such classes for graduation. A fear of public speaking can put a damper on a college experience – students may shy away from classes they really want to take because they are too afraid to speak in front of the class – and while not everyone will become the world's greatest public speaker, there are ways to ease your mind and become better at speaking in front of a crowd.
Shift your focus. If making eye contact with people is your problem, find an inanimate object to focus on. I've found looking at the wall or space in between two people helps a lot because it makes it seem like you are making eye contact when you really are not. The crowd will be none the wiser and you will be far less flustered.
Practice makes perfect. Rehearse your speech or presentation in front of a mirror before it is time to speak in front of your classmates. Practicing will make you more confident in what you have to say and instead of fumbling with your note cards, the words will just flow right out of your mouth.
Perform for friends and family. Once you're comfortable delivering your speech or presentation to your reflection, try it out on family, friends or roommates. This will ease you into presenting in front of a live audience like the one you'll speak to in class.
Some people never get rid of their public speaking phobia no matter how often they have to perform in front of a crowd. Once you realize that you are not the only one afraid to speak in public and the most effective ways to practice, your nerves will calm and you'll ace that presentation.
Jessica Seals is currently a senior at the University of Memphis majoring in political science and minoring in English. At the University of Memphis, she is the secretary of the Pre-Law Society, the philanthropy chair of the Phi Kappa Phi Student Council and a member of Professional Assertive United Sisters of Excellence (PAUSE), Golden Key Honor Society, Alpha Lambda Delta Honor Society, Sigma Alpha Lambda Honor Society, and Black Scholars Unlimited. She also volunteers to tutor her fellow classmates and hopes to attend law school in the near future.


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Software and Hardware stuffs | ||||
TeeRISC I am designing a new simple 32bit CPU and calling it as TeeRISC(RISC based CPU) and planning to implement it in Verilog. Currently I am working the compiler part so for now only the ISA is available. When it is finished it will run on Papillo Pro FPGA. TeeRISC Compiler is a fork of LLVM and TeeRISC backend is added. Currently It can compile arithematic and logical statements into TeeRISC instructions. Conditional statements and memory model(PIC) yet has to be implemented. Planning to do asimulator using gem5. If you are interested, you are welcome to join. |
Ace 3 Ace is an operating system kernel which runs i386 based machines. It is free and open source. Dilip Simha joined with me in the creation of Ace 3. We experimented different OS concepts using Ace. Mainly we researched on microkernel concepts - IPC between loadable modules and kernel. Ace OS's virtual memory system is based on BSD memory model. It has a driver model very similar to Windows. VFS might sound like Linux FS layer but completely different because of the IPC model it used to interact with drivers and user mode. The screenshot was taken when Ace 3 was booting on QEMU. |
pycdb pycdb is a debugger completely written in Python using pyelftools library. It reads symbol(ELF) files, parses debug(DWARF)sections, reads coredump(elfcore) files and executes the commands given. It can be considered as "limited" edition of GDB completely written in python. It is slow when debugging a object file with huge debug information because of the slow parsing done by python. The screenshot shows a colorful backtrace created by pycdb. After writing pycdb, I realized lldb has all the things I am trying to achieve, so I switched to use lldb. My patch to support elf-core dump files is recently committed to lldb. So if your job is analyzing core files try lldb. |
Eva Eva is a expression evaluator developed as a cross platform utility. It is written using ANTLR(targetting C), gcc. Eva supports all C expressions including bitwise operations. It is created to aid developers to convert between hexa to binary operations easily. The main goal was very simple code base ~1000 lines. The UI part was initially coded using wxWidgets and now contains - simple command line interface, wxWidgets and Windows specific GUI interface. Here is a video demonstrating different operations possible with Eva. |
Disk Communicator Disk Communicator is a small system utility to monitor IDE/ATA devices status attached to the PC. Disk Communicator can be used to predict the failure of a HDD using SMART. More details on http://sourceforge.net/projects/atacommunicator. |
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