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Pen tablets
Sketch, draw and edit images with a responsive pad, a precise pen and see your creations appear on screen.
Creating your own logo requires plenty of research. First off, spend some time online looking at classic logos and what they have in common. Then, make a mood board, using print outs of logos you like to create a visual reminder of what you hope to achieve. Before you turn on your computer and open your illustration software, spend some time sketching ideas on pen and paper, ensuring you keep even the most basic of doodles – you never know when they might come in handy. If you're making a logo for a brand, make sure it tallies with its wider identity, from fonts used on websites to how it positions itself in the market.
When it comes to the actual design of your logo, it pays to keep things simple. Remember that the most famous of logos are deceptively basic, making them easier for people to recall. To make it stand out, it's worth learning how to make custom typefaces, while using colors that draw the eye. If that seems too challenging, you can use online makers to create a simple logo for your personal brand or start–up.
A simple approach is required when it comes to designing a letterhead. It should take inspiration from a brand's identity, using the same themes and colors as found on websites and business cards.
It's important to use vector–based design software tools to make a letterhead. These allow you to scale designs up and down without losing quality. The key graphic design techniques of hierarchy and alignment also come into play – decide whether a letterhead should primarily showcase a logo or company name and place it accordingly.
It's vital to remember that a letter is meant to communicate a specific message, with the letterhead itself a secondary component, albeit an important one. With that in mind, try not to overuse color and keep clutter at the top of the page to a minimum. Contact details can always be placed at the bottom of the page as a way of maximizing all the space on an A4 page.
Business cards are still a modern essential, even in the digital age. And while it can be tempting to get an online service to make one for you, designing your own will help make you and your brand more eye–catching.
There are some basic rules to keep in mind. Ensure any text is within 5mm of the edge of the card; have a minimum size for typefaces, so details can read easily; and use basic colors to keep things simple. A grid design is a good place to start, meaning hierarchy is easily maintained. Sizing should ideally be the same as a credit card, so a card can be easily slipped into a wallet.
Make sure that once you've made your card you speak with the printing service you intend to use about any special techniques that could help it look different. Die cuts, foil finishes or rounded corners all make business cards stand out from the pack.
Web design is a whole career in itself. But that doesn't mean you should be put off about learning the basics and trying to build your own site, whether it's for a client or your own brand.
While web design evolves rapidly, there are some simple rules to follow. Make sure you understand what your website is trying to achieve before you start designing it. That means a clear, simple landing page, with obvious calls to action, especially important if the site is selling something. It also pays to research current web design trends – understanding the vogue for 'brutalist' and minimal looks will help you get inspired and decide whether you want your site to look like others or stand out from the crowd.
There is a plethora of online tools to help you build your site, often with templates ready-made to reflect what kind of website you're building. These are invaluable and are the backbone of any good website. Even with such powerful tools, it pays to understand color theory, as well as design basics such as the 'F format'. The latter means that a site's most important information should follow the shape of the letter F, based on how users' eyes scan the page on a screen.
Icons are made in sets, which means they need to work well together and belong to a group. To do this, it's important to start with simple shapes – an icon should be drawn using circles, triangles or squares before being refined.
Starting designs within a set grid and a dedicated border means that each icon will have the beginnings of a uniform look. Then it's a case of bringing your paper–based sketches to life using design software. Consistency is key. That means adding a small feature such as corner cut out or curve to each icon so that they are obviously related. It's worth avoiding hand drawn curves, instead relying on software to add them into designs to ensure they are perfect every time.
Because icons tend to be small, especially on smartphone screens, it's essential to keep pixels aligned. Any angles on an icon that hasn't been aligned properly may appear out of shape and poorly put together.
As with all good design, simplicity is essential, even more so with icons. Flourishes and overly illustrated designs will be hard to discern and make icons look overly fussy.
A visual identity should resonate across an entire brand, from its website, business cards, logos, color schemes and fonts. Before settling down to design all of these elements, it's important to conduct research into the people interacting with a brand, as well as understanding exactly what the brand is trying to achieve. The answers to these questions will ensure you have a good basis for creating a visual identity. They will tell you if the look should be serious or playful, modern to traditional.
It's vital that a visual identity is consistent. That means using the same colors across all aspects and understanding that different colors can evoke different emotions. If a brand makes apps designed to improve mental health, then a calming blue will be better than a brash red, for example. Fonts should be the same throughout, with no more than two used. These should complement each other and be used consistently for the same calls to action across a website, letterhead or business card.
Make sure that any images used in promotional materials or online are reflective of the brand's mission and the people who use it. A tightly made visual identity can be easily undermined by imagery that doesn't fit with the brand as a whole.
Sketch, draw and edit images with a responsive pad, a precise pen and see your creations appear on screen.
Draw, design and create directly on a high resolution screen with a precise pen.
Wacom's vision is to bring people and technology closer together through natural interface technologies. This has made it the world's leading manufacturer of interactive pen tablets and displays as well as of digital styli and solutions for saving and processing digital signatures. The advanced technology of Wacom's intuitive input devices has been used to create some of the most exciting digital art, films, special effects, fashion and designs around the world and provides business and home users with their leading interface technology to express their personality. Founded in 1983, Wacom is a global company based in Japan (Tokyo Stock Exchange 6727) with subsidiaries and affiliate offices around the world to support marketing and distribution in over 150 countries.


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MARCA SUPERIEURE REEDS THE NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR SUCCESSFUL MUSIC …Ongoing refinements in Marca's manufacturing processes have resulted in a reed of both the highest quality and most uniform consistency; The Marca Supérieure reeds for clarinet. While professionals can benefit from these high-quality reeds' fine balance, rich timbre, and lively response, educators and students will fin them long-lasting and, most important, consistently playable, reed after reed, box after box. The Supérieure has cemented Marca's harmony of professional quality and economical uniformity. The Marca Supérieure reed has contributed much to the renown of our company. This model gives a clarinet sound neither too dark not too clear.
Features & Benefits:
• All Marca reeds strength selection are controlled during making process.
• The flexibility of the reeds, the finest quality of the cane, gives to the Marca reeds the uniformity and balance of the reed strength.
• Marca Supérieure Reeds The Marca Supérieure reeds are available for the all saxophones and clarinets instruments.
• Canes are selected one by one, producing high quality reeds, we must selected the finest cane and control each one.
• High Quality Made.

subset: commoncrawl


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The beauty of English horse tack is that it's both classic and constantly evolving. Most English tack for horses is available in traditional leather and synthetic versions. When you peruse English horse tack for sale, the sheer variety is amazing, but every item is designed for a specific purpose.
Bits – There's a bit suitable for every horse at various stages of training. Choosing the right bit for your horse is an art and a science. Some horses may do well in a particular bit because of their individual mouth structure. A horse may require different bits for different types of riding. For example, a horse that goes well in a snaffle while in the ring may need a bit with more leverage when riding cross-country or foxhunting.
Bridles - The basic English bridle consists of two cheek pieces, a caveson and noseband and throatlatch. From there, you can move on to more specialized pieces of equipment, including nosebands created for certain disciplines or training issues. Bitless bridles control a horse via pressure rather than a metal mouthpiece. Reins are often sold separately from bridles, so you can choose the type of reins you prefer. Any part of a bridle is also available separately, so if you want to change brow bands, cavesons or the like, you need only purchase that piece rather than a new bridle.
Breastplates and Martingales – Breastplates help prevent saddle slippage, especially at speed or over fences. Martingales help prevent head tossing and aid evasion, and are available in three distinct types, although there are variants:
Running – Attached to the reins, this type of martingale provides the rider with additional leverage.
Stirrups – Choose English stirrups to best suit your needs. Classic stirrup irons fill the bill for show and any other purposes, while technical stirrups can help relieve pain in a rider's hips or ankles. Many riders prefer safety stirrups, which guarantee a quick release in case of a fall.
Stirrup Leathers - Although not necessarily made of leather these days, stirrup leathers have holes in them at intervals for proper adjustment to a rider's leg length. It is possible to punch additional holes if needed in genuine leather "leathers," but this is not always the case with leathers made from synthetic materials.


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The indoor coil in your air conditioner acts as a magnet for dust because it is constantly wetted during the cooling season. Dirt build-up on the indoor coil is the single most common cause of poor efficiency.
Why Buy An Energy Efficient Central Air Conditioner?
Central Air Conditioner units are more efficient than window or through-the-wall units resulting in fewer environmentally harmful emissions while saving you money. They are also out of the way, quiet, and convenient to operate.
In an average air conditioned home, air conditioning consumes more than 2000 kilowatt-hours of electricity per year, causing about 3,500 pounds of carbon dioxide and 31 pounds of sulfur dioxide to be emitted at the power plant and, at average electricity prices, costs you about $150. In warmer seasons and climates those numbers can be doubled or even higher.
About Central Air Conditioner Efficiency
Central air conditioners use electric energy to pump heat out of your home and dump it outside. They distribute cooled air throughout your house and remove moisture from the indoor air.
The efficiency of Central A/C units is governed by U.S. law and regulated by the U.S. Department of Energy. Every A/C unit is assigned an efficiency rating known as its seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER). The SEER is defined as the total cooling output (in Btu-British thermal units) provided by the unit during its normal annual usage period divided by its total energy input (in Watt-hours) during the same period.
The SEER is displayed on a yellow label affixed to the A/C unit. Higher SEERs are better. The minimum SEER allowed by law for a central A/C is 13 for a split system or 9.7 for a single-package unit. The best available SEER is about 18, while many older units have SEER ratings of 6 or less. Most consumers must consider a SEER of 13 or higher when buying a new A/C system.
Tips for Buying a New Central Air Conditioner
Tips for Lowering Your Central Air Conditioner's Energy Usage
Source: U.S. Department of Energy


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Lorraine |
Biographer Walter Isaacson was given complete control over the content of the book after Jobs asked him to be his biographer, and so it was not subject to Jobs's editing, and thus the answer above. From the Post:
At the age of 6 or 7, Jobs told the girl who lived across the street that he was adopted and she asked if that meant his "real parents didn't want you."
His adoptive parents, whom Jobs seemed to revere, explained that they had picked him out. But through much of his life, Jobs appeared to have been on an ill-defined spiritual quest — including a seven-month trip to India, extreme diets and primal-scream therapy. And the quest at times seemed to relate to his adoption, his friends told Isaacson.
"The primal scream and the mucusless diets, he was trying to cleanse himself and get deeper into his frustration about his birth," a friend, Greg Calhoun, said.
The book chronicles the sometimes shabby treatment he accorded his adoring and ever-accommodating adoptive parents; the daughter he fathered when he was 23 and largely abandoned until she was 10; and how he appears to have cheated Steve Wozniak, the co-founder of Apple, during one of the duo's first business ventures.
Steve Jobs's natural parents, "John" Jandali and Joann Schieble |
We know we've covered the death and adoption of Steve Jobs, this amazing historic figure, in detail because his adoption continues to be big news, since he became such an iconic figure in the world. Frankly for us at FMF it is fascinating to see how it plays out in real life, without the usual fears of hurting someone (such as his adoptive parents) and in the hands of a respected biographer not connected personally to adoption (writer Walter Isaacson). Full disclosure: I have a passing acquaintance with Isaacson.
In the true life story of a major figure such as Jobs, there is no doubt that his adoption--and all four parents--are is going to be part of the story; no credible obit is going to fail to mention that Jobs was adopted. Yet there is frequently some skirmish about the obituaries of people not famous whether or not it will be mentioned that he or she is adopted, or that he or she was the adopted son or daughter of the deceased. Adoptive families often do not want it include that pertinent fact. But it is a true fact and is sure as hell is pertinent to the adopted.
When my daughter Jane died, I had nothing to do with the funeral arrangements or the notices in the local newspapers in Wisconsin, but as I was a presence in her life from the time she was 15 on, I was included as her "birth mother," and so was my husband, as he for all intent and purposes was a kind of step-father. It did not say that she was the "adopted daughter" of, but then, it didn't need to.
The kind of thinking that would obliterate the reality of an adoption rather than a natural birth fits nicely into the fairy tale that adoption doesn't make much difference in the life of the person adopted. Which is total baloney. And that feeds into the idea of: Who needs their original birth certificate? Who needs to know? And if that's the case, then birth mothers, and natural mothers and just plain mothers who have given birth all have some sacrosanct right of "privacy" and "anonymity" from the children they gave up for adoption. Which is also total hooey. Life is what it is and everyone has the right to know the truth of his origins. Obituaries should be true stories. Case closed.--lorraine
Our thanks to commenter SameOld today for alerting us this morning to the Washington Post story...and now I think I'll go have my first cup of coffee. And to the Anonymous A who keeps informing me that Jobs did not search but was instead "ambushed" by his original family, if you have a source other than your imagination, do tell. All other sources say Jobs searched for his mother.
For more see previous posts: Steve Jobs Did Meet His Father--without knowing it
Other sources: Washington Post and Daily Mail.


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As the partial shutdown of the U.S. government continues into its second week, Knowledge at Wharton decided to ask several of the school's top negotiation experts for their ideas on how to solve this impasse. Their assignment: Come up with a mechanism, or mechanisms, that could bring about a solution acceptable to both the Republicans and Democrats.
Here are their responses:
Wharton legal studies and business ethics professor G. Richard Shell:
- Ask Presidents Clinton and Bush to co-mediate the dispute.
- Devise an "unacceptable penalty" that would kick in if the two sides fail to reach an agreement by a set date. For example, begin permanently closing all national parks.
- Change the negotiators: i.e., replace Obama and Boehner with a new representative from each party – people who still trust one another.
- Invite participation by an authoritative and neutral third party that would structure a process for resolving the dispute. The government would return to work and the default would be delayed for three months while this process took place.
- Ask the mayor of a small U.S. town – a political Independent from a swing state — to invite Obama and Boehner for a "backyard beer" to discuss the situation and come up with a solution.
- Punt the issue down the road again by making an agreement that lasts only three months and then work on one of the other options on this list.
Wharton management professor Adam M. Grant:
- Ask both sides to submit their fairest proposals, and invite Nelson Mandela to select the proposal that he views as fairer.
- Invite the signers of the Giving Pledge to each donate $1 million abroad instead of domestically if agreement is not reached within a week.
- Take both sides to visit elementary schools, explain to fifth graders why the government has shut down, and ask the children for proposals.
Wharton executive education senior fellow Mario Moussa:
- Acknowledge that both sides have irreconcilable philosophies that make it hard to see the facts in the same way. Instead of trying to rush to agreement on substantive issues such as funding Obamacare or rolling back taxes on medical device companies, seek agreement on a process that would help resolve this impasse.
- As part of this reconciliation process, consider organizing a community board of interested parties — Main Street investors, Wall Street titans, governors, mayors, students and teachers, retirees — who publicly discuss what the debt issue means to them. Aim to define a set of interests that helps politicians move past entrenched positions.
- Consider also involving economists and policy experts from the left and the right to create scenarios that illustrate the practical consequences of defaulting on our debt, [thereby] helping to tone down the overheated rhetoric that characterizes the current debate.
- Have Obama and Boehner deputize a group of legislators to review the broad conclusions reached by the community representatives and experts, and propose various packages of agreements that address the underlying interests.
- [Suggest] that this whole process take place in public, with the press offering gavel-to-gavel coverage. The transparency would help rebuild trust among the key players.
Wharton operations and information management professor Maurice E. Schweitzer:
- Create an opportunity for both sides to save face. They have climbed up a tree and vowed not to come down. They each need a way to "claim" victory.
Wharton operations and information management practice professor Cade Massey offered the following thoughts as well:
My concern is less this negotiation than future negotiations that take this particular tack. My objective would be to avoid this type of governance/negotiation – using the credit standing of the government as leverage – regardless of which party holds which branch of government.
Negotiating in [such conditions] will guarantee that future legislative decision making will also take place under these circumstances. Of course, how to avoid that is its own question. It's a bit like the cold war, with the best deterrence in the face of a nuclear threat being a commitment to respond in kind. The best response to a threat to default is a willingness to let the default happen. Without that willingness, there is no leverage. And without that, we will find ourselves here again.


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10 Home Improvement Projects You Can Finish This Weekend – On a Budget
1.) Programmable Thermostat: OK, so we know that this particular home improvement project doesn't add anything aesthetically to your home design, but let's be honest- trimming around 5-10% a year off your heating/cooling bill, plus allowing you more control over the interior temperature, all while getting a new high-tech gadget is a win-win-win-win situation. A programmable thermostat allows you to avoid ever having to come home to a sweltering heat after a long day of work. It allows you piece of mind when leaving pets at home, no matter how hot it is outside. Coming in at around $75-$120 to have one installed for you- it's truly an incredibly cost-effective way to make sure you get the most comfort possible out of your home. HouseLogic.Com has some pretty good information on choosing what type of thermostat will suit your needs. And no need to fear! Programmable thermostats (like most other electronic devices in our day-and-age) have become more and more user-friendly and easy to operate.2.) Add a Splash of Color with an Accent Wall:Painting an entire wall can be a nightmare (believe me, we know), and after a long week of work, the prospect of taking on such an overwhelming and exhausting task inevitably leads to a room that stays that same old neutral beige. Well- here's a compromise. How about an accent wall? The difference a single wall of bold color can make in a room cannot be ignored. An accent wall is a great place to start remodeling or refurnishing your home. It gives you a base color palate with which to work, and can aid in the later selection of pillows, rugs, chairs etc. With an overall project time hovering around 6-8 hours (depending on the size of the wall you're painting) from start to finish; painting an accent wall is a sure-fire way to add a touch of pizzazz to your room.3.) Paint a Custom Headboard or Faux Headboard:The sky is really the limit on this one. And the best part is that your ventures through a local thrift shop or Goodwill can yield amazing results at unbelievably low prices (if any). Being in touch with, and actively monitoring Craigslist is a secret weapon when it comes to designing on a realistic budget. You can go with vibrant, muted, pastels, or even fabrics and various textures!Recently a trend has been becoming more and more popular in US homes: a faux headboard. What does this mean? It means that you literally use the wall and space already available to create a creative and very innovative design in place of a bulky headboard in your room. Pinterest has some beautiful galleries if you're looking for some inspiration. The complexity and project time it will take to finish a headboard creation of your very own is entirely up to you. Some companies even offer templates and decals that can be stuck directly to a wall. The advantage to a faux headboard is beyond aesthetic. Aside from the space you can save, and the flexibility in design you will have, a faux headboard is easy to change, easy to update, and can be modified to reflect changing trends or a changing room.4.) DIY Message Center:If you're anything like me, your life is a constant cacophony of mental "to-do" lists, family engagements to keep, errands that need to be run, bills that need to be paid, and a way of communicating that often gets lost in the mix. Creating a DIY message center is a perfect way to make sure everyone is on the same page. What's wonderful about these types of message centers is that most, if not all, of the materials you may need can either be found at a local thrift store or on the free section of CL. Don't marry yourself to chalkboard either. Although chalkboard is an easy solution (especially now that it comes in huge sheets with an adhesive back ( like contact paper), you should also consider using a pane of glass (painted on one side) and framed! It's the perfect mimic of a dry-erase board, but with markedly more style. You can even use a very thin piece of aluminum if you want to exclusively use magnets, and for those talented seamstresses out there- cloth and ribbon will also create a beautiful, versatile, and most importantly- functional piece to your home… and on a budget. Many of these message centers come with a section for mail, a section to write notes, and a board to post important bulletins to yourself or your family. I've seen every design style from rustic to modern, so whatever the style of your home, you can build a message center to compliment your design scheme while adding functionality.5.) Change Your Faucets:An often over-looked item on the "home improvement" list- changing your faucets is a simple way to really alter the look and feel of a room. Outside of accent pillows, it is the easiest way to breathe life back into a kitchen or bathroom. Your local hardware store has some great selections – don't be afraid to be a little daring! Just make sure that all of the hardware matches, and decide whether or not it is important to you to have the same hardware throughout the house. This is also a perfect opportunity to re- pet-proof and child-proof your low lying cabinets.6.) Add Some Under/Over Cabinet Accent Lighting:If you want to really add some wow to your living space, consider over/under cabinet lighting. I cannot stress enough: spend the additional money and get lids. At $20 a roll, you can get LED rope lighting in any color you can imagine. Dramatic lighting like this can add incredible depth and dimension to your design space while creating a great atmosphere and additional lighting without the bulk or hassle of adding a new lighting fixture. Some companies do offer these types of lights at a premium- requiring electrical work and a contractor, but the same effect can be achieved with a simple trip to a local store and a little bit of clever fastening. Secure the rope lights out of sight at the junction where your counter meets the body of the cabinet, or hidden on the very top. The lights will reflect light off the wall or cabinet (depending on placement) and will create a dramatic, and beautiful effect that really gives a cutting edge style to any room.7.) Add a Back-Splash:Now, depending on how you go about this- it can be both costly and time consuming to install a back splash on your wall. Unless you have some experience with DIY home improvement, I would suggest leaving tile and grout projects to a professional, however, there are ways to install a back splash that can be done by anyone, regardless of experience level. Many home improvement stores sell sheets of pre-made, self-adhesive back splashes that mimic the look of real ceramic tile. Of course- consult with a professional (even if only your native home improvement associate) about which type and material of tile or tile replica you should get. A backsplash is another element like the accented wall; it's a dash of color and a break up homogeny that adds texture and life to a drab space.8.) Throw Pillows:This is more a decorating tip than a home improvement tip- but its details like these that can really tie a room together and help a design space make that leap from concept to polished idea. Think bold and bright. Throw pillows can be just enough color to make a room interesting without being overwhelming or overbearing. Experiment with different texture and fabric combinations, find a mix that suits you. Inexpensive, with big impact; throw pillows are the un-sung heroes of home interior design.9.) Paint Your Front Door:Look at almost any "tips, tricks, and ideas" for home improvement, and somewhere on that list will be replacing/repainting the front door. I couldn't agree more. Beyond the obvious curb appeal, painting your front door can really refresh your home and add some vibrancy and style to your home-front. First impressions are the most important, right? Make the first impression of your home to be one of happiness and warmth. For less than $30, you won't believe the difference it will make!10.) Pick a Room: Replace All the Cloth You See:Updating window treatments, runners, rugs, pillows, and can transform any room in a matter of an instant. That's the wonderful thing about color; it can change not only the look, but the feel of any space. Even something as simple as replacing curtains can shed years off the appearance of your home- and let's face it- replacing window treatments is another task on that perpetual, and unending list of "I'll get to that one day" projects we all keep tucked away. Changing accents like these is flexible, non-committal, and allows space for experimentation and growth over time. Not many home improvement projects can provide that kind of fluidity.In closing – as much as we would like to think that the only way to make a real impact on the aesthetics of a home is through big design projects, there are clearly small ways in which anyone can transform their home on a realistic budget, in a short amount of time. The above listed improvements can be a family project, involve family, friends, and enjoy creating a beautiful home space and spending some quality time with those close to you. You don't have to break the bank to change your home's style. It's a journey that can be accomplished one step at a time.


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Bonnie Beezhold, a graduate student in the laboratory of Dr. Carol Johnston, presented the most recent study, on the impact of vitamin C depletion on a short-term diet, on April 3 at Experimental Biology 2006 in San Francisco. The presentation was part of the scientific program of the American Society for Nutrition, Inc. (ASN).
Before beginning a controlled four-week, low-fat diet, 20 obese men and women were randomized by gender and body weight into either a Vitamin C group, taking a 500 mg vitamin C capsule daily, or a control group, taking a capsule, identical in appearance to the vitamin, containing a placebo. Neither participants nor researchers knew who was receiving which capsule until the study was over. All participants consumed a low-fat diet that the researchers adjusted individually to promote slow weight loss (about two pounds per week). The diet contained 67 percent of the USRDA (recommended daily allowance) for vitamin C (40 mg/d).
At the beginning of the clinical trial, participants with the lowest concentrations of vitamin C in their blood had the highest body fat mass and tended not to oxidize fat well compared to their less obese counterparts. As the participants moved through the four week diet, with a steady amount of vitamin C being consumed, blood vitamin C concentrations increased 30 percent in those taking vitamins and fell 27 percent in the control group whose only vitamin C intake was the 67 percent of the USRDA contained in the food. As vitamin C blood concentrations fell, so did the participants' ability to oxidize fat (an 11 percent reduction).
The highly-controlled diet worked for all participants. Although body fat mass decreased slightly more in the vitamin C group, approaching but not reaching statistical significance, both groups lost an average of nine pounds, indicating that vitamin C depletion did not appear to affect the ability to lose weight in the short term. But because the study supported early findings in Dr. Johnston's laboratory of a decrease in fat oxidation, the researchers are now studying whether the impact of vitamin C status is associated with a gradual gain in body fat in non-dieting individuals.
It is important to understand the impact of vitamin C deficiency, says Dr. Johnston, because it affects about 15 percent of adults in the United States, up from only 3-5 percent 25 years ago. She believes the increased processing of the food supply is part of the problem, since vitamin C in foods is destroyed by exposure to light, oxygen, and/or heat.
How does vitamin C affect fat oxidation and thus the risk for weight gain and obesity? Vitamin C is an essential cofactor for the biosynthesis of a small protein-like molecule known as carnitine. Carnitine functions to shuttle fat molecules to the site of fax oxidation in tissue cells. When cells do not have access to fat molecules, feelings of fatigue ensue since energy metabolism is affected. Moreover, fat tends to accumulate in tissues when carnitine concentrations are reduced.
This research was supported by a grant from the General Mills, Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition.


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New York Times columnist David Brooks is the Eddie Haskell of the Fourth Estate. Like the two-faced sycophant in "Leave It to Beaver," Brooks indulges in excessive politeness while currying favor with political authority. He prides himself on an oily semblance of maturity and rational discourse.
But the phony "conservative" back-stabber, who has spent the last four years slavering over Barack Obama like a One Direction groupie and trashing the tea party like an MSNBC junkie, isn't fooling anyone.
Lately, Brooks has been given to dispensing passive-aggressive advice to GOP presidential candidate Mitt Romney. His column this week titled "Thurston Howell Romney" called Romney "a kind, decent man"—and then shredded him to pieces as a "country club" elitist who "doesn't know much about the culture of America," "knows nothing about ambition and motivation," and is "running a depressingly inept presidential campaign."
Eddie Haskell Brooks, along with fellow GOP bubble-dwellers Peggy Noonan and Bill Kristol, eagerly piled on Romney over his "secret video" remarks contrasting the nation's makers and takers. Liberal outlets embraced these chin-pulling tools—elevating them as "key" Republican voices who speak for the right.
Despite the best efforts of the Democratic-professional media complex to gin up faux-rage over Romney's remarks, however, several polls show that voters agree with Romney's fundamental critique of the indulgent Democratic politics of victimhood, identity and dependency. Yep, Brooks has the pulse of mainstream America—direct from his hallowed bubble at the Fishwrap of Record.
Brooks shares all he knows about "ambition," "motivation" and the "culture of America" through regular appearances with the insular clique of conservative-bashing snobs at taxpayer-supported "PBS NewsHour." A cursory glance at Brooks' biography shows that he has spent the majority of his life in New York City and Washington, D.C. He has worked for a raft of employers from The Washington Times to The Wall Street Journal to The Weekly Standard to The New York Times.
But unlike Romney, Brooks has never actually run a business of his own, managed a massive private entity, governed a state or overseen a campaign for national office.
He does have quite an impressive record, though. If by record you mean sucking up to empty suit Barack Obama, mocking grass-roots conservatives as "teens" and defending his cocktail party mates in establishment journalism.
In 2009, the liberal New Republic published the bodice-ripping "story behind the Obama-Brooks bromance." The magazine reported that "two days after Obama's 'The Audacity of Hope' hit bookstores (in 2006), Brooks published a glowing Times column. The headline was 'Run, Barack, Run.'"
Brooks also recounted his first encounter with his Democratic crush. "I remember distinctly an image of—we were sitting on his couches, and I was looking at his pant leg and his perfectly creased pant," Brooks said, "and I'm thinking, a) he's going to be president and b) he'll be a very good president."
The purported conservative columnist's public display of affection for the radical Democratic candidate bordered on obscene. "I think he's more talented than anyone in my lifetime," Brooks gushed. "I mean, he is pretty dazzling when he walks into a room." Brooks revealed that he considered Obama's Chicago campaign mastermind David Axelrod a "hero." Axelrod returned the love, calling Brooks a "serious public thinker" in an era of "insipid, instant commentary and one-hour news cycles."
In the fall of 2008, Brooks swooned over Obama's Ivy League "achievatrons" taking over Washington: "Already the culture of the Obama administration is coming into focus. Its members are twice as smart as the poor reporters who have to cover them, three times if you include the columnists. They typically served in the Clinton administration and then, like Cincinnatus, retreated to the comforts of private life—that is, if Cincinnatus had worked at Goldman Sachs, Williams & Connolly or the Brookings Institution."
Wait, he wasn't not done:
"So many of them send their kids to Georgetown Day School, the posh leftish private school in D.C., that they'll be able to hold White House staff meetings in the carpool line. And yet as much as I want to resent these overeducated Achievatrons (not to mention the incursion of a French-style government dominated by highly trained Enarchs), I find myself tremendously impressed by the Obama transition."
Less than three years later, Brooks acknowledged he had been an "Obama sap." He admitted that he fell for the administration's stimulus propaganda:
"When administration officials called around saying that the possibility of a double-dip recession was horrifyingly real and that it would be irresponsible not to come up with a package that could pass right away, I believed them. ... But of course I'm a sap. When the president unveiled the second half of his stimulus it became clear that this package has nothing to do with helping people right away or averting a double dip. This is a campaign marker, not a jobs bill."
Not just a sap. A willing tool, too. Brooks copped to sitting on Obama's private admission to him that the "shovel-ready" promise was a crock. "The projects just didn't exist. They couldn't do it. They couldn't find them," he said on "PBS NewsHour"—more than a year after Obama told him.
Gee, Wally, why isn't Eddie Haskell Brooks giving this corrupt administration and its Titanically inept "achievatrons" the business?
Michelle Malkin [email her] is the author of Invasion: How America Still Welcomes Terrorists, Criminals, and Other Foreign Menaces to Our Shores . Click here for Peter Brimelow's review. Click here for Michelle Malkin's website. Michelle Malkin is also author of Unhinged: Exposing Liberals Gone Wild and Culture of Corruption: Obama and His Team of Tax Cheats, Crooks, and Cronies.


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What does the expression "in some ways" exactly mean, as in
The English language is limited in some ways, and perhaps most limited in its ability to express love.
Is it generic (like in many ways) or specific (like in a few ways)? Can you give an example of an equivalent expression?


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Fields marked with * are required
Within the sense of Article 13 of the legal decree No 196 of 30 June 2003 and the subsequent alterations and appendices we herewith give information that all data which you send to us over our internet portal or through other means ( fax, e-mail, post) are collected and stored. We guarantee that in accordance with the framework of the legal requirements the use of personal data is subject to the consideration of the basic rights and freedoms as well as of the dignity of the individual, with particular regard to the maintenance of confidentiality, personal identity and the right to privacy of personal information.
The personal information processed by us is not made available for distribution.
The data protection law, according to Article 7, gives those affected the right to examine and check their personal data, to verify and supplement it as well as the right to order that the data be removed, blocked or converted to anonymous data, in those cases where the data processing conflicts with the legal safeguards. The affected has the right, for justifiable reason, completely or in part, to oppose the distribution of his data as well as to demand its deletion, blocking or conversion into anonymous data, and, without justifiable reason, if data is used for purposes of business information, despatch of advertising material, direct sale or for market and consumer surveys.
Owner of the data processingVerena Eppacher and Andreas Gufler, Plan 36, 39013 Moso in Passiria, South Tyrol / Italy


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Theresa May resigns: Have your say on who you believe should be the next Prime Minister
Theresa May has announced that she will resign as Prime Minister on Friday 7 June after pressure from backbenchers and cabinet ministers.
Mrs May was close to tears as she told the country of her plans to quit, following days of speculation about her future after the negative reaction to her most recent version of the Withdrawal Agreement.
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Hide AdShe will now resign on Friday 7 June, with the Conservative leadership contest taking place from the following Monday.
In her resignation speech, Mrs May also made a clear statement to her potential successor, stating "compromise is not a dirty word".
Who could be the next Prime Minister?
The next Prime Minister will be a Conservative politician. There is no chance of a general election ahead of the result, meaning Jeremy Corbyn or other opposition party figures will not be among the contenders for the top job.
Boris Johnson, the former Foreign Secretary and ex-Mayor of London, is the bookies' favourite for the job and has significant grassroots support.
Hide AdAdvertisement
Hide AdDominic Raab, the former Brexit Secretary who negotiated the Withdrawal Agreement and then resigned over the draft agreement, is another favourite, and is also a hard Brexiteer like Johnson.
The candidate Theresa May defeated in the last Tory leadership election in 2016, Andrea Leadsom, has also confirmed she will run again after resigning as the Leader of the House of Commons.
Other cabinet ministers and senior Conservatives, such as International Development Secretary Rory Stewart, former Work and Pensions Secretary Esther McVey and current Foreign Secretary Jeremy Hunt, are all expected to run.
Liz Truss, Sajid Javid, Philip Hammond, Amber Rudd, Michael Gove, and Matt Hancock are other cabinet ministers likely to throw their hat into the ring.
Hide AdAdvertisement
Hide AdWho do you want to see as Prime Minister? Take part in our poll.
How will the next Prime Minister be chosen?
There are two stages of the Conservative party leadership election with one involving only MPs and the second involving all party members.
The first part sees Conservative MPs nominate their leadership candidates and then vote on the potential leaders, with the MP with the lowest amount of support eliminated. This process is followed until the party is left with two candidates, either through elimination votes or through candidates dropping out of the race.
The two candidates are then put to a vote of the party membership on a one member one vote basis, with the next leader of the Conservative party and Prime Minister being the candidate with the most votes.
This story originally appeared on our sister site, Lancashire Evening Post.


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If you wear contact lenses and think you take good care of them, ask yourself these questions:
- Have you worn contacts while swimming or in a hot tub?
- Do you rinse your contacts or your lens case with tap water?
- Do you re-use solution or "top off" the solution in your lens case?
If you answered "yes" to any of these questions, you could be at risk of acquiring a potentially blinding eye infection.
What is acanthamoeba keratitis?
Acanthamoeba keratitis is a severe, painful infection of the cornea, the transparent outer covering of the eye, which usually causes scarring and, if undiagnosed and untreated, can lead to blindness. In the most severe cases, a corneal transplant is necessary. The infection is believed to be caused through exposure of the eye to water contaminated with Acanthamoeba, a free-living microscopic organism. (Please note, sometimes people refer to this term incorrectly as "keratitis acanthamoeba.")
What are the risk factors for infection?
Individuals who wear contact lenses are at the highest risk for contracting the infection. The two biggest risk factors are: poor lens hygiene and exposure to water while wearing lenses.
How can I avoid infection?
The single best way to avoid eye infections is to follow proper lens care guidelines as prescribed by your eye care professional. The following are key tips for contact lens care:
- Before handling contact lenses, wash your hands with soap and water, then rinse and dry them with a lint-free towel.
- Minimize contact with water, including removing lenses before going swimming or in a hot tub.
- Contact lenses should not be rinsed with or stored in water (tap or sterile water).
- Wear and replace contact lenses according to the schedule prescribed by your eye care professional.
- During cleaning, using fresh solution, rub your contact lenses with your fingers, then rinse the lenses with solution before soaking them – even if the solution you are using is a "no-rub" variety.
- Contact lens cases should always be cleaned with fresh solution – not water. Then leave the empty case open to air dry.
- Keep the contact lens case clean and replace it regularly, at least every three months.
- Do not re-use old solution or "top off" the solution in your lens case.
- Do not use cracked or damaged lens cases. Lens cases can be a source of contamination and infection.
Swimming and contact lenses
If you must swim with your lenses or have contact with water, use daily disposables and throw the lenses out immediately afterward. The Federal Drug Administration (FDA) does not require that lens solutions be Acanthamoeba resistant so disinfecting them after exposure to water will not kill the organism if it is present.
How rare is acanthamoeba keratitis?
Acanthamoeba keratitis is extremely rare in the United States. It was first recognized in 1973. Between 1973 and 1988, 208 cases were reported each year. 85% of those cases involved contact lens wearers. This translates to 1.65 to 2.01 cases per million contact lens wearers diagnosed nationally each year.
The first outbreak was reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the mid 1980's, where 24 patients from 14 states were diagnosed with Acanthamoeba. The second largest was reported in 2007 with 46 confirmed cases in 35 states. Common cleansing products in these cases included: a homemade saline solution with salt tablets and non-sterile water, a commercially produced saline solution, as well as tap water.
In the Chicagoland area, 40 cases were diagnosed at the University of Illinois-Chicago between June 1, 2003 and November 30, 2005.
Infection and tap water
Researchers have begun to explore other possibilities outside of the most common risk factors. Because Acanthamoeba is a waterborne pathogen, one theory is local water supply contamination. Recent changes in the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA Guidelines) regarding the chemical makeup and strength of water disinfection products may have a direct correlation to the proliferation of Acanthamoeba in certain geographic areas. In order to reduce the number of byproducts in the water after the purification process, the EPA made changes to the concentrations and procedures which may not effectively kill Acanthamoeba and other microorganisms.
Acanthamoebae are also resistant to killing by freezing, dessication, several varieties of antimicrobial agents, and levels of chlorine that are routinely used to disinfect drinking water, swimming pools and hot tubs.
Infection symptoms
Symptoms of an infection include redness, pain, tearing, increased light sensitivity, blurry vision, the sensation of something in the eye, discharge or swelling. If you experience any of these, remove your lenses and consult an eye care professional immediately. Initially, some cases have been diagnosed as the herpes simplex virus which requires different medications which will not be effective. If you are receiving treatment and the symptoms persist, most notably an increase in pain, return to your doctor as soon as possible. Diligence, early detection and treatment will increase the chances of successful treatment.


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Průvodce pro začátečníky a administrátory | |
PHP Data Objects (PDO) The PHP Data Objects (PDO) extension defines a lightweight, consistent interface for accessing databases in PHP. Each database driver that implements the PDO interface can expose database-specific features as regular extension functions. Note that you cannot perform any database functions using the PDO extension by itself; you must use a database-specific PDO driver to access a database server.
PDO provides a data-access abstraction layer, which means that, regardless of which database you're using, you use the same functions to issue queries and fetch data. PDO does not provide a database abstraction; it doesn't rewrite SQL or emulate missing features. You should use a full-blown abstraction layer if you need that facility.
PDO ships with PHP 5.1, and is available as a PECL extension for PHP 5.0; PDO requires the new OO features in the core of PHP 5, and so will not run with earlier versions of PHP. |
Encyklopedie Kategorie |


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NS Design Introduces the CR4 RADIUS Bass
So, Ned has been at it again. NS Design have just announced a 4 string sibling to sell along side their recently introduced CR5. The new CR4 RADIUS bass guitar by Ned Steinberger is produced in in the Czech Republic. Hot features are:
- Fusion™ neck
- Diradial™ body shape
- NS tuning system
- NS/EMG pickup system.
It is a headless bass (it is a Ned Steinberger design after all!) with a very distinctive NS Design head stock. The controls are deceptively powerful, those four knobs and two switches give you: Master Volume, active Treble cut/boost, active Bass cut/boost, rotary magnetic/piezo pickup blend, 3-position magnetic pickup selector switch and a 3-position piezo EQ switch. That is a fair amount to fiddle with! The body shape is curved front and back, and looks to be very comfortable.


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BlackHatEU2013 – Day1 – Practical Attacks against MDM solutions
Good morning everyone, Welcome to BlackHat Europe 2013 ! As announced in my post a couple of days ago, I'll try to post short write-ups about some of the talks right after the presentation has finished. All you have to do is keep an eye on my Twitter feed to see when a new post is […]
Posted in Cons and Seminars | Tagged 2013, a-practical-attackagainst-mdm-solutions, attacks-mdm-links, black-hat-2013-ios-spy, blackhat, blackhat europe, blackhat-europe-mobileiron, corelan, corelan-exploit, cydia-mdm, daniel brodie, daniel-brodie-practical-attacks-against-mdm, mdm, metasploit-mobileiron, michael shaulov, michael-shaulov-and-daniel-brodie, michael-shaulov-mrat, mobileiron-cydia, nessus-airwatch, rename-cydia-bypass-mdm
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Lithium battery catalyst found to harm key soil microorganism
- Date:
- February 4, 2016
- Source:
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Summary:
- The material at the heart of the lithium ion batteries that power electric vehicles, laptop computers and smartphones has been shown to impair a key soil bacterium. The study is an early signal that the growing use of the new nanoscale materials used in the rechargeable batteries that power portable electronics and electric and hybrid vehicles may have untold environmental consequences.
- Share:
The material at the heart of the lithium ion batteries that power electric vehicles, laptop computers and smartphones has been shown to impair a key soil bacterium, according to new research published online in the journal Chemistry of Materials.
The study by researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the University of Minnesota is an early signal that the growing use of the new nanoscale materials used in the rechargeable batteries that power portable electronics and electric and hybrid vehicles may have untold environmental consequences.
Researchers led by UW-Madison chemistry Professor Robert J. Hamers explored the effects of the compound nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), an emerging material manufactured in the form of nanoparticles that is being rapidly incorporated into lithium ion battery technology, on the common soil and sediment bacterium Shewanella oneidensis.
"As far as we know, this is the first study that's looked at the environmental impact of these materials," says Hamers, who collaborated with the laboratories of University of Minnesota chemist Christy Haynes and UW-Madison soil scientist Joel Pedersen to perform the new work.
NMC and other mixed metal oxides manufactured at the nanoscale are poised to become the dominant materials used to store energy for portable electronics and electric vehicles. The materials, notes Hamers, are cheap and effective.
"Nickel is dirt cheap. It's pretty good at energy storage. It is also toxic. So is cobalt," Hamers says of the components of the metal compound that, when made in the form of nanoparticles, becomes an efficient cathode material in a battery, and one that recharges much more efficiently than a conventional battery due to its nanoscale properties.
Hamers, Haynes and Pedersen tested the effects of NMC on a hardy soil bacterium known for its ability to convert metal ions to nutrients. Ubiquitous in the environment and found worldwide, Shewanella oneidensis, says Haynes, is "particularly relevant for studies of potentially metal-releasing engineered nanomaterials. You can imagine Shewanella both as a toxicity indicator species and as a potential bioremediator."
Subjected to the particles released by degrading NMC, the bacterium exhibited inhibited growth and respiration. "At the nanoscale, NMC dissolves incongruently," says Haynes, releasing more nickel and cobalt than manganese. "We want to dig into this further and figure out how these ions impact bacterial gene expression, but that work is still underway."
Haynes adds that "it is not reasonable to generalize the results from one bacterial strain to an entire ecosystem, but this may be the first 'red flag' that leads us to consider this more broadly."
The group, which conducted the study under the auspices of the National Science Foundation-funded Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology at UW-Madison, also plans to study the effects of NMC on higher organisms.
According to Hamers, the big challenge will be keeping old lithium ion batteries out of landfills, where they will ultimately break down and may release their constituent materials into the environment.
"There is a really good national infrastructure for recycling lead batteries," he says. "However, as we move toward these cheaper materials there is no longer a strong economic force for recycling. But even if the economic drivers are such that you can use these new engineered materials, the idea is to keep them out of the landfills. There is going to be 75 to 80 pounds of these mixed metal oxides in the cathodes of an electric vehicle."
Hamers argues that there are ways for industry to minimize the potential environmental effects of useful materials such as coatings, "the M&M strategy," but the ultimate goal is to design new environmentally benign materials that are just as technologically effective.
Story Source:
Materials provided by University of Wisconsin-Madison. Original written by Terry Devitt. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
Journal Reference:
- Mimi N. Hang, Ian L. Gunsolus, Hunter Wayland, Eric S Melby, Arielle C. Mensch, Katie R Hurley, Joel A. Pedersen, Christy L. Haynes, Robert J Hamers. Impact of Nanoscale Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) on the Bacterium Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Chemistry of Materials, 2016; DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04505
Cite This Page:


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ASP.NET Application Life Cycle Overview for IIS 5.0 and 6.0
This topic outlines the life cycle of ASP.NET applications, listing important life-cycle events and describing how code that you write can fit into the application life cycle. The information in this topic applies to IIS 5.0 and IIS 6.0. For information about the ASP.NET application life cycle in IIS 7.0, see ASP.NET Application Life Cycle Overview for IIS 7.0.
Within ASP.NET, several processing steps must occur for an ASP.NET application to be initialized and process requests. Additionally, ASP.NET is only one piece of the Web server architecture that services requests made by browsers. It is important for you to understand the application life cycle so that you can write code at the appropriate life cycle stage for the effect you intend.
Application Life Cycle in General
The following table describes the stages of the ASP.NET application life cycle.
Stage |
Description |
User requests an application resource from the Web server. |
The life cycle of an ASP.NET application starts with a request sent by a browser to the Web server (for ASP.NET applications, typically IIS). ASP.NET is an ISAPI extension under the Web server. When a Web server receives a request, it examines the file-name extension of the requested file, determines which ISAPI extension should handle the request, and then passes the request to the appropriate ISAPI extension. ASP.NET handles file name extensions that have been mapped to it, such as .aspx, .ascx, .ashx, and .asmx. Note If a file name extension has not been mapped to ASP.NET, ASP.NET will not receive the request. This is important to understand for applications that use ASP.NET authentication. For example, because .htm files are typically not mapped to ASP.NET, ASP.NET will not perform authentication or authorization checks on requests for .htm files. Therefore, even if a file contains only static content, if you want ASP.NET to check authentication, create the file using a file name extension mapped to ASP.NET, such as .aspx. Note If you create a custom handler to service a particular file name extension, you must map the extension to ASP.NET in IIS and also register the handler in your application's Web.config file. For more information, see HTTP Handlers and HTTP Modules Overview. |
ASP.NET receives the first request for the application. |
When ASP.NET receives the first request for any resource in an application, a class named ApplicationManager creates an application domain. Application domains provide isolation between applications for global variables and allow each application to be unloaded separately. Within an application domain, an instance of the class named HostingEnvironment is created, which provides access to information about the application such as the name of the folder where the application is stored. The following diagram illustrates this relationship: ASP.NET also compiles the top-level items in the application if required, including application code in the App_Code folder. For more information, see "Compilation Life Cycle" later in this topic. |
ASP.NET core objects are created for each request. |
After the application domain has been created and the HostingEnvironment object instantiated, ASP.NET creates and initializes core objects such as HttpContext, HttpRequest, and HttpResponse. The HttpContext class contains objects that are specific to the current application request, such as the HttpRequest and HttpResponse objects. The HttpRequest object contains information about the current request, including cookies and browser information. The HttpResponse object contains the response that is sent to the client, including all rendered output and cookies. |
An HttpApplication object is assigned to the request |
After all core application objects have been initialized, the application is started by creating an instance of the HttpApplication class. If the application has a Global.asax file, ASP.NET instead creates an instance of the Global.asax class that is derived from the HttpApplication class and uses the derived class to represent the application. Note The first time an ASP.NET page or process is requested in an application, a new instance of HttpApplication is created. However, to maximize performance, HttpApplication instances might be reused for multiple requests. When an instance of HttpApplication is created, any configured modules are also created. For instance, if the application is configured to do so, ASP.NET creates a SessionStateModule module. After all configured modules are created, the HttpApplication class's Init method is called. The following diagram illustrates this relationship: |
The request is processed by the HttpApplication pipeline. |
The following events are executed by the HttpApplication class while the request is processed. The events are of particular interest to developers who want to extend the HttpApplication class.
Life Cycle Events and the Global.asax file
During the application life cycle, the application raises events that you can handle and calls particular methods that you can override. To handle application events or methods, you can create a file named Global.asax in the root directory of your application.
If you create a Global.asax file, ASP.NET compiles it into a class derived from the HttpApplication class, and then uses the derived class to represent the application.
An instance of HttpApplication processes only one request at a time. This simplifies application event handling because you do not need to lock non-static members in the application class when you access them. This also allows you to store request-specific data in non-static members of the application class. For example, you can define a property in the Global.asax file and assign it a request-specific value.
ASP.NET automatically binds application events to handlers in the Global.asax file using the naming convention Application_event, such as Application_BeginRequest. This is similar to the way that ASP.NET page methods are automatically bound to events, such as the page's Page_Load event. For details, see ASP.NET Page Life Cycle Overview.
The Application_Start and Application_End methods are special methods that do not represent HttpApplication events. ASP.NET calls them once for the lifetime of the application domain, not for each HttpApplication instance.
The following table lists some of the events and methods that are used during the application life cycle. There are many more events than those listed, but they are not commonly used.
Event or method |
Description |
Application_Start |
Called when the first resource (such as a page) in an ASP.NET application is requested. The Application_Start method is called only one time during the life cycle of an application. You can use this method to perform startup tasks such as loading data into the cache and initializing static values. You should set only static data during application start. Do not set any instance data because it will be available only to the first instance of the HttpApplication class that is created. |
Application_event |
Raised at the appropriate time in the application life cycle, as listed in the application life cycle table earlier in this topic. Application_Error can be raised at any phase in the application life cycle. Application_EndRequest is the only event that is guaranteed to be raised in every request, because a request can be short-circuited. For example, if two modules handle the Application_BeginRequest event and the first one throws an exception, the Application_BeginRequest event will not be called for the second module. However, the Application_EndRequest method is always called to allow the application to clean up resources. |
Called once for every instance of the HttpApplication class after all modules have been created. |
Called before the application instance is destroyed. You can use this method to manually release any unmanaged resources. For more information, see Cleaning Up Unmanaged Resources. |
Application_End |
Called once per lifetime of the application before the application is unloaded. |
Compilation Life Cycle
When the first request is made to an application, ASP.NET compiles application items in a specific order. The first items to be compiled are referred to as the top-level items. After the first request, the top-level items are recompiled only if a dependency changes. The following table describes the order in which ASP.NET top-level items are compiled.
Item |
Description |
App_GlobalResources |
The application's global resources are compiled and a resource assembly is built. Any assemblies in the application's Bin folder are linked to the resource assembly. |
App_WebResources |
Proxy types for Web services are created and compiled. The resulting Web references assembly is linked to the resource assembly if it exists. |
Profile properties defined in the Web.config file |
If profile properties are defined in the application's Web.config file, an assembly is generated that contains a profile object. |
App_Code |
Source code files are built and one or more assemblies are created. All code assemblies and the profile assembly are linked to the resources and Web references assemblies if any. |
Global.asax |
The application object is compiled and linked to all of the previously generated assemblies. |
After the application's top level items have been compiled, ASP.NET compiles folders, pages, and other items as needed. The following table describes the order in which ASP.NET folders and items are compiled.
Item |
Description |
App_LocalResources |
If the folder containing the requested item contains an App_LocalResources folder, the contents of the local resources folder are compiled and linked to the global resources assembly. |
Individual Web pages (.aspx files), user controls (.ascx files), HTTP handlers (.ashx files), and HTTP modules (.asmx files) |
Compiled as needed and linked to the local resources assembly and the top-level assemblies. |
Themes, master pages, other source files |
Skin files for individual themes, master pages, and other source code files referenced by pages are compiled when the referencing page is compiled. |
Compiled assemblies are cached on the server and reused on subsequent requests and are preserved across application restarts as long as the source code is unchanged.
Because the application is compiled on the first request, the initial request to an application can take significantly longer than subsequent requests. You can precompile your application to reduce the time required for the first request. For more information, see How to: Precompile ASP.NET Web Site Projects.
Application Restarts
Modifying the source code of your Web application will cause ASP.NET to recompile source files into assemblies. When you modify the top-level items in your application, all other assemblies in the application that reference the top-level assemblies are recompiled as well.
In addition, modifying, adding, or deleting certain types of files within the application's known folders will cause the application to restart. The following actions will cause an application restart:
Adding, modifying, or deleting assemblies from the application's Bin folder.
Adding, modifying, or deleting localization resources from the App_GlobalResources or App_LocalResources folders.
Adding, modifying, or deleting the application's Global.asax file.
Adding, modifying, or deleting source code files in the App_Code directory.
Adding, modifying, or deleting Profile configuration.
Adding, modifying, or deleting Web service references in the App_WebReferences directory.
Adding, modifying, or deleting the application's Web.config file.
When an application restart is required, ASP.NET will serve all pending requests from the existing application domain and the old assemblies before restarting the application domain and loading the new assemblies.
HTTP Modules
The ASP.NET application life cycle is extensible through IHttpModule classes. ASP.NET includes several classes that implement IHttpModule, such as the SessionStateModule class. You can also create your own classes that implement IHttpModule.
If you add modules to your application, the modules themselves can raise events. The application can subscribe to in these events in the Global.asax file by using the convention modulename_eventname. For example, to handle the Authenticate event raised by a FormsAuthenticationModule object, you can create a handler named FormsAuthentication_Authenticate.
The SessionStateModule class is enabled by default in ASP.NET. All session events are automatically wired up as Session_event, such as Session_Start. The Start event is raised each time a new session is created. For more information, see ASP.NET Session State Overview.
See Also
ASP.NET Page Life Cycle Overview


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Las Vegas Identity Theft Defense
Identity theft is a crime that falls under the fraud category. Primarily, it involves an individual who wrongfully obtains and uses another person's private information to access money, property, etc. for personal gain. The use of a credit card that is not yours without the consent of the owner is one of the usual cases of identity theft.
If you've been charged with fraud, particularly identity theft, you are in a serious crime that requires a strong defense. Book a free consultation now with Las Vegas Criminal Lawyer, and allow our defense lawyers to help you justify your plea.
Laws Regarding Identity Theft
In most states such as Nevada, to misuse the identifying information of another person is a crime. There are two common ways by which personal or financial data are illegally obtained: unlawful access to data by the offender from government and business entities and via lost or stolen identification and credit/debit cards, purses and wallets, mails, etc.
Identity theft can be carried out through any online platform. Yet, surprisingly, details can also be acquired from papers containing sensitive data that can be found in trash cans and other unprotected areas. Identity theft is deemed one of the fastest-growing crimes in Nevada, which robs people of their finances, identity, peace of mind, and time.
In 1998, Congress passed a law that made identity theft a federal crime. Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act states that federal crime occurs when a person "knowingly transfers, or uses, without lawful authority, a means of identification of another person with the intent to commit or to aid or abet, any unlawful activity that constitutes a violation of Federal law, or that constitutes a felony under any applicable State or local law."
Subsequently, Theft Penalty Enhancement Act was passed in 2004. This increased penalties for aggravated identity theft. As a result, courts were required to inflict two additional years of a jail sentence for general offenses and five additional years for crimes that are related to terrorism.
For the investigation and prosecution process of identity theft crimes, government agencies are concerned, such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Federal Trade Commission, Secret Service, and Postal Inspection Service.
Activities Considered Identity Theft in Nevada
The following activities below are considered and can be charged with identity theft in Nevada. The use of personal identifying data in order to:
- Obtain credit;
- Obtain nonpublic records;
- Obtain goods, services, or other benefits under the other person's name;
- Impersonate someone;
- Make a purchase; and
- Any other unlawful use of information.
The different examples of personal identifying information include but are not limited to the following:
- Name of a person;
- Maiden name;
- Date of birth;
- Passwords;
- Bank account numbers;
- Biometric information;
- Driver's license number;
- Social Security number
Punishments and Penalties of Identity Theft in Nevada
Punishments and penalties of identity theft in Nevada rely on some elements like who the victim is, the number of victims, the amount involved, and the damage that had been done. Oftentimes, identity theft crimes fall under Category B felonies. Charges in Category B felonies are punishable by 1 to 20 years in a Nevada prison. In addition to that, a fine of up to $100,000 must be paid as penalty. Since it is a crime of theft, it will require the convicted person to pay the amount in restitution to the victim.
Other penalties include a minimum three-year prison sentence apart from restitution if your case involves any of the following:
- Five or more victims;
- The victim is a vulnerable or an older person;
- Another person's identity is used to evade from prosecution; and
- The victim loses $3,000 or more
Get Legal Help From Las Vegas Criminal Lawyer
You definitely want to win your case and be liberated from any charges, penalties, and punishments involved in identity theft crime. Success in court requires planning, strategies, and a well-developed defense. All of this will only become possible with the help of a professional defense lawyer. Las Vegas Criminal Lawyer has a pool of experienced and outstanding defense attorneys that will help you easily void your case.
Call Las Vegas Criminal Lawyer today at (702) 602-9110 for your Free Consultation with an Identity Theft Defense Attorney!


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Friday, March 22, 2013
When an Iceberg Melts, Who Owns the Riches Beneath the Ocean?
Global warming might be an environmental catastrophe, but countries eyeing the North Pole also see it as an opportunity. "We've never had a situation where an ocean has appeared overnight," says Rob Huebert, a political scientist at the University of Calgary, who studies Arctic security issues. "The ice kept everybody out, and now all of a sudden the ice is going to be gone. So what happens?"
Maybe a 21st-century version of the Great Game, which Russia and Britain played among the mountains and deserts of Central Asia in the 19th century. The prize then was the riches of India; today, it's new shipping routes and untapped natural resources, including an estimated 13 percent of the earth's oil and 30 percent of its natural gas.
Russia's in the game again, dispatching submarines into the Arctic Ocean to gather geological samples and, in 2007, planting a titanium flag to metaphorically support the claim that much of the seafloor—as far as the North Pole itself—is an extension of Siberia's continental shelf. That would expand Russia's borders to cover some five billion tons of oil and natural gas.
China, 900 miles from the Arctic Circle, isn't in a position to claim territory, but the world's largest energy consumer is investing billions in Canadian oil and gas projects. Beijing has also ex- pressed a sudden desire to join the once-obscure Arctic Council. The organization—whose members include Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the United States and representatives of indigenous Arctic peoples—was founded in 1996 to promote environmental protection and maritime safety. But with so much natural wealth at stake, the council's policies are increasingly critical.
Now Canada, next up to chair the Arctic Council, may support China's effort to participate in council deliberations, though Beijing wouldn't have a vote. "There's uneasiness with China, at a certain level, but how do you say that politely?" asks Huebert. What's delicate is that stronger Canadian ties to China could strain U.S.-Canada relations.
The United States and its northern neighbor are also at odds over the Northwest Passage, a storied route along Arctic North America that became free of ice along its entire length for the first time in August 2007. The passage is at least 4,000 miles shorter than the usual sea route through the Panama Canal, and cuts travel time by two weeks—a potential boon to major exporters like China. While Canada insists that part of the passage falls within its borders, the United States and Europe counter that it's an international waterway.
On the other side of the Arctic Ocean, Russia claims ownership of the Northeast Passage, which, since 2008, has been consistently navi- gable during the summer and early fall, allowing ships to take a shortcut between Asia and Europe. In 2011, two Finnish tankers navigated the passage, demon- strating the potential for faster transport of oil to Pacific countries.
But don't expect new Arctic gushers anytime soon. Some energy companies have canceled exploration programs because of high costs, and engineers are struggling to design technology that can withstand the harshest northern environments. Even as the ice melts, the Arctic will not give up its riches easily.
Source: Smithsonian
Photo courtesy of v1ctor viai Flickr (CC BY 2.0)


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Karla Pollmann, The Baptized Muse (Oxford University Press, 2017)
This book focuses on early Christian poets, mainly from the 4th to the 6th centuries and writing in Latin, whose works have so far been too often dismissed as epigonal. The book chooses a fresh approach by highlighting the intertextual and exegetical means by which early Christian poets achieved a culturally competitive and highly influential standard in writing poetry directed specifically at an educated (would-be) Christian audience for their edification and education. This book will not only fill a considerable gap in our knowledge of the history of European literature, mentality and thought, but will also enable a better understanding of later literary artefacts in this tradition, from Beowulf to Milton's Paradise Lost. Thus, in a general sense, this book contributes to the recently emerged interdisciplinary interest in looking at aspects of religion as cultural phenomena, and at the interrelationship of theology and literature.
With the rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire increasing numbers of educated people converted to this new belief. As Christianity did not have its own educational institutions the issue of how to harmonize pagan education and Christian convictions became increasingly pressing. Especially classical poetry, the staple diet of pagan education, was considered to be morally corrupting (because of its deceitful mythological content) and damaging for the salvation of the soul (because of the false gods it advocated). But Christianity recoiled from an unqualified anti-intellectual attitude, while at the same time the experiment of creating an idiosyncratic form of genuinely Christian poetry failed (the sole exception being the poet Commodianus). This book argues that, instead, Christian poets made creative use of the classical literary tradition, and – in addition to blending it with Judaeo-Christian biblical exegesis – exploited poetry's special ability of enhancing communicative effectiveness and impact through aesthetic means in order to disseminate the Christian faith. The book seeks to explore these strategies through a close analysis of a wide range of Christian, and for comparison partly also pagan, writers mainly from the fourth to sixth centuries. The book reveals that early Christianity was not a hermetically sealed uniform body, but displays a rich spectrum of possibilities in dealing with the past and a willingness to engage with and adapt the surrounding culture(s), thereby developing diverse and changing responses to historical challenges. By demonstrating throughout that authority is a key in understanding the long denigrated and misunderstood early Christian poets, this book reaches the ground-breaking conclusion that early Christian poetry is an art form that gains its justification by adding cultural authority to Christianity.
KARLA POLLMANN is currently Professor of Classics and Head of the School of Humanities at the University of Reading. She has also been appointed as Adjunct Professor of Theology at the University of Århus, Denmark, and Professor Extraordinary of Classics at Stellenbosch University, South Africa. She is internationally recognized for her monographs on late antique poetry, on Augustine's hermeneutics, and a commentary, with introduction and text, on Statius, Thebaid 12. She was Principal Investigator of a major international and interdisciplinary project on the reception of Augustine through the ages, generously funded by the Leverhulme Trust, whose main result is the three-volume Oxford Guide to the Historical Reception of Augustine (OUP 2013). She is currently Co-Investigator of an Innovative Training Network sponsored by the EU, entitled "The History of Human Freedom and Dignity in Western Civilization" (itn-humanfreedom.eu). She is an internationally renowned speaker and her engagements include the deliveries of the 11th Augustine Lectures in Malta in 2007 under the patronage of the President of the Republic of Malta, the 4th Fliedner Lectures on Science and Faith in Madrid in 2013, and the 4th Dutch Annual Lecture in Patristics, at the Dutch Academy of Sciences in Amsterdam, Netherlands, in 2014.


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Performances Onstage This Month In New York City
NC tour A Canadian who lives in North Carolina, choreographer-on-the-rise Helen Simoneau is using her newest evening-length work, Caribou, to take a closer look at heritage, assimilation and identity. She studies these ideas through the iconic caribou—an enormously antlered animal beloved by our friends to the nort.
Read More


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Nereus Soars to the Ocean's Deepest Trench
New hybrid deep-sea vehicle descends 6.8 miles in the Challenger Deep
It took a village of engineers to build a completely new type of unmanned deep-sea robot that can reach the deepest part of the ocean. On May 31, 2009, a team of engineers at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) celebrated as the unique vehicle called Nereus dove to 10,902 meters (6.8 miles) in the western Pacific Ocean's Mariana Trench.
"Until now, exploring below 6,500 meters (4 miles) with any vehicle was impossible or impractical," said Andy Bowen, a WHOI engineer and project manager for Nereus. "In 2000, we began to conceive a vehicle capable of reaching those final 4,000 meters of the ocean, which are virtually unexplored."
To build Nereus to withstand the crushing pressures at such depths—especially at the relatively inexpensive cost of $8 million—the engineering team "pushed the envelope on a lot of fronts of technology," WHOI engineer Matt Heintz said.
"Every square inch of Nereus is designed to withstand about a thousand times the pressure that we are exposed to right here on Earth's surface," Bowen said. "Each square inch of Nereus is loaded with about 15,000 pounds; that's equivalent to having three SUVs stacked on your big toe. That's a shocking amount of energy that is trying to squeeze Nereus and cause it to implode."
Different engineers spearheaded different components of the vehicle: batteries for power, materials for flotation, a robotic manipulator arm, new lighting and camera systems, a fiber-optic cable to connect the unmanned Nereus to pilots aboard a ship. Yet each component had to be compensated for to make the whole package work.
"If any one thing is overdone, then it impacts everything else," WHOI engineer Daniel Gomez-Ibañez said. "So it was finding a balance of many things"—power, weight, size, materials, durability, safety, and cost.
For example, Gomez-Ibañez said, "You can't just solve the problem (of supplying enough power) by putting in more batteries, because that would make the vehicle too heavy."
"And then you need more flotation, so you need to have a bigger vehicle," said WHOI engineer Jon Howland. "It quickly becomes an intractable problem."
[In interviews, the WHOI engineers who designed and built Nereus talk about the technological challenges they surmounted:Miles Under the Sea, Hanging by a Hair-Thin Thread
2,000 Batteries Under the Sea
Armed and Dexterous
Let There Be Light in the Dark Depths
Floating Without Imploding]
A different sort of 'hybrid' vehicle
"Nereus is a hybrid—a combination of two types of vehicles in a single platform," Bowen said. It can operate as a free-swimming autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), flying through the ocean like an aircraft to survey and map large areas with sonar, sensors, and cameras.
But it can then be converted aboard ship into a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) connected to a surface ship via a lightweight, micro-thin fiber-optic tether. In ROV mode, Nereus can hover like a helicopter over a targeted seafloor site while shipboard pilots use the umbilical tether to receive images from the seafloor and to control a manipulator arm in real time to collect samples and conduct experiments.
"The idea behind the hybrid system is that we launch Nereus first as an AUV and cover a lot of ground fast," Heintz said. "It would be too time-consuming to do that with the ROV. Once we download the sonar data and images, we can make maps and figure out points of interest. Then we reconfigure Nereus as an ROV to do discrete work in specific places."
"By combining both of these capabilities in a single platform, we don't have to mount two separate tools to the same place, " Bowen said. "Nereus can also operate from smaller ships, so we realize cost savings to conduct expeditions."
Reflecting its dual nature, the vehicle was named Nereus (rhymes with "serious"), a mythical Greek god with a fish tail and a man's torso.
Thin as a hair, but 25 miles long
The tethering system presented one of the greatest challenges in developing a cost-effective ROV capable of reaching extreme depths. Traditional robotic systems use heavy, steel-reinforced cables containing copper wires to power the vehicle and optical fibers to transmit information between the ship and the vehicle. Such a cable, extended to reach the seafloor in the Mariana Trench, would snap under its own weight.
To solve this challenge, the Nereus team adapted fiber-optic technology developed by the Navy's Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific to carry real-time video and other data between Nereus and the surface crew. The tether is composed of a glass fiber core with a very thin protective jacket of plastic. It is about as wide as a human hair, weighs less than a kilogram, and will break if a force of only 4 kilograms (8.8 pounds) is applied. As Nereus descends, it spools out up to 40 kilometers (25 miles) of micro-fiber tether from two canisters the size of large coffee cans.
"Now, if that little fiber breaks, it doesn't mean we lose the vehicle, because the vehicle turns back into an AUV and comes home," Heintz said. (In fact, the tether broke twice on Nereus's recent cruise without repercussions). Nereus's dual capabilities also make it suitable for use in polar oceans covered by ice that poses risks to tethers.
Unlike traditional cables to ROVs, however, the micro-fiber tether cannot supply power, so Nereus has to rely on batteries. More than 4,000 lithium-ion batteries, similar to those used in laptop computers and cell phones, are packed into Nereus. It was Gomez-Ibañez's task to carefully test the batteries to ensure they could be used safely and reliably under the intense pressure.
Louis Whitcomb of The Johns Hopkins University and Dana Yoerger of WHOI were co-principal investigators of the Nereus project and were responsible for development of the vehicle's navigation and control system. Heintz worked on a hydraulically operated robotic manipulator arm that could operate under intense pressure and use the vehicle's limited battery power efficiently. WHOI engineer Jon Howland led efforts to create efficient lighting and camera systems.
WHOI engineer Don Peters oversaw a major advance: using hollow ceramic spheres—precisely designed and fabricated to withstand pressure—to provide flotation. About 1,500 of the 9-centimeter (3.5-inch) spheres are packed into Nereus's two hulls, instead of the much heavier and more expensive syntactic foam traditionally used in deep-sea vehicles operated by WHOI, such as the human-occupied submersible Alvin or the ROV Jason. Ceramics were also used for pressure-resistant housings, replacing heavier and expensive titanium.
Talk about pressure!
On May 24, the team left Guam aboard the research vessel Kilo Moana to begin a two-week engineering test cruise. They headed 210 southwest to the Challenger Deep, the deepest part of the Mariana Trench, which at about 11,000 meters (36,000 feet) is the deepest part of the ocean. The tallest point on Earth, Mount Everest, rises 8,850 meters (29,035 feet) above sea level.
"So the Mariana Trench represents sort of the inverted pinnacle to demonstrate a robot's capability to explore the depths," Bowen said.
Only two other vehicles have succeeded in reaching the Mariana Trench: the U.S. Navy-built bathyscaphe Trieste, which carried Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh there in 1960, and the Japanese-built robot Kaiko, which made three unmanned expeditions to the trench between 1995 and 1998. Trieste was retired in 1966, and Kaiko was lost at sea in 2003.
Before leaving for Guam, Bowen said: "We're very nervous about the prospects of taking Nereus into the deep trenches, even though all the systems have been exhaustively tested. You never really know until you get there whether you've done your job properly, so I think all of us will be probably not sleeping well up until the point where we get the vehicle down to the very deepest part of the trench."
On May 31, the team could relax: Nereus made it down and back.
"We have a tremendous group involved in the development of Nereus," Bowen said. "We had the benefit of being able to draw on a long and very strong tradition of developing underwater technology—from the early days when the Alvin submersible first came on the scene and set the Institution on a path of attracting engineers with specialized skills, to more recently, with WHOI's experience developing tethered and autonomous vehicles."
"I think it would difficult to imagine another organization being able to bring together the range of skills and expertise that were necessary to undertake a completely new design like this."
—Lonny Lippsett and Amy E. Nevala
Funding to develop Nereus was provided by the National Science Foundation, the Office of Naval Research, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Russell Family Foundation, and WHOI.
Related Articles
Featured Researchers
See Also
- Interview with Andy Bowen from Oceanus magazine
- Interview with Jonathan Howland from Oceanus magazine
- Interview with Don Peters from Oceanus magazine
- Interview with Daniel Gomez-Ibanez from Oceanus magazine
- Interview with Matt Heintz from Oceanus magazine
- Nereus Soars to the Ocean's Deepest Trench from Oceanus magazine
- Interactive tour of HROV Nereus
- Nereus Project
- Hybrid Remotely Operated Vehicle Nereus Reaches the Deepest Part of the Ocean WHOI News Release
- National Deep Submergence Facility


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"Deer FAQ" delivers answers on sweeping changes, two years in the making
PRATT -- What are deer permit options this year? How have deer seasons changed for 2008? How many deer permits may be purchased?
These and other questions are answered in the online "Deer Frequently Asked Questions" at the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks (KDWP) website, www.kdwp.state.ks.us. Enter "Deer FAQ" in the website's homepage search box to navigate to the information.
Most Kansas deer hunters are aware that deer permit and hunting options have changed significantly in 2008. The 2008 deer seasons are the culmination of more than two years of department staff discussion and public comment. The changes were initiated by a request from the Kansas Legislature to streamline deer-related statutes.
Following that legislative request, the KDWP Deer Task Force developed rcommendations, sought and received substantial public comment on those recommendations, and presented them to the 2007 Kansas Legislature. Legislators contributed ideas and approved the statutory foundation of changes effective this year.
Among those changes, approved by the Kansas Wildlife and Parks Commission, are the following:
- resident deer hunters may purchase an "Any-Season White-tailed Deer Permit," which allows them to hunt in archery, muzzleloader or firearm seasons with equipment legal in each of those seasons;
- reinstatement of resident archery permits that are valid statewide, rather than in specific units;
- creation of half-price youth permits for resident hunters;
- and more.
For more details on the variety of changes in Kansas deer hunting in 2008, consult the online "Deer FAQ."