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In Oxytocin We Trust
Oh oxytocin, you cuddly hug drug, you fine upstanding moral molecule, why are you so maligned by critics? That's because you're overrated, and misunderstood by those who look to you as a beacon of empathy, trust, love, peace, and prosperity. Sure, you're all about pair bonding in monogamous prairie voles — we have no beef with rigorous animal studies — but in humans, you're downright complicated. Yes, you can be magnanimous and romantic some of the time. But you're not always a moral molecule. You can promote antisocial behaviors such as envy and schadenfreude and aggressive tendencies. And even in voles, too much of a good thing can backfire.
Four new papers on oxytocin in humans have been published this week.1 Collectively, there's something for nearly everyone to complain about:
- Intranasal oxytocin administration – assumptions about mechanism of action
- Ridiculously large numbers of variables – ripe for p-hacking
- Small n candidate gene studies – not replicable
- Studies of candidate gene × environment interactions – also not replicable
- Epigenetics – now nearly a woo word (The Trouble with Epigenetics, Part 1 and Part 2)
- Sex differences – studies often overly essentialist (although in this case, for good reason)
Oxytocin and Epigenetics
Of the four, the one that has garnered the most media attention is on epigenetics and sociability (Haas et al., 2016, published in PNAS). DNA methylation in the promoter region of the oxytocin gene (OXT) was quantified as an indicator of OXT expression. Lower methylation is presumably associated with higher OXT expression, and all sorts of sociable characteristics such as "more secure attachment styles, improved ability to recognize emotional facial expressions, greater superior temporal sulcus activity during two social-cognitive functional MRI tasks, and larger fusiform gyrus gray matter volume."
Are these findings plausible from a mechanistic standpoint? Assuming that OXT expression was higher in the sociable sorts, which in turn assumes that methylation in saliva is a good proxy for expression in brain, how did "more" oxytocin have all these effects? And on what time scale?
The Daily Mail was predictably credulous and hyperbolic,2 using terms like "breakthrough", "a 'chatty' gene which makes people sociable", and [the kicker] "new treatments for autism". The autism reference comes from the paper itself (and from the university press release):
"Participants with greater methylation of the OXT gene were less accurate in describing the emotional states of the people they saw in pictures," [first author Brian W. Haas] said. "That's a typical characteristic associated with autism, for example."
But it's not that simple. Let's look at the relationship between emotion recognition and OXT methylation. The task was to view 10 sec video clips of human faces morphing from neutral expressions to happy, sad, fearful and angry, and to identify the emotion as soon as it was detected. This led to 10 different dependent measures: reaction time and accuracy for each of the individual expressions, and for the mean of all expressions. The (conservative) Bonferroni corrected significance level is α = .05/10 = .005 [but the authors said it should be .025]. Overall accuracy is shown below.
Not all that impressive, eh? Another scatterplot was based on self-report questionnaires. The association between an anxious and insecure attachment style and OXT methylation fared better (p=.005), but the association between OXT methylation and avoidant attachment style was not significant. Why?
Silencing a gene promotes human sociability https://t.co/cUKaATnAnv "magical" omics problem strikes again @PNASNews pic.twitter.com/yXRxJCxRzg— Eric Topol (@EricTopol) June 20, 2016
Oxytocin and Spirituality
The next paper, on oxytocin and spirituality (Van Cappellen et al., 2016), has gained traction on Twitter. Dan Quintana has already written an inspired blog post about it (Spray and pray: Does intranasal oxytocin increase spirituality?), so you should go and check it out. Dan has published at least 7 papers on oxytocin, so his critique is more informed than mine. I'll highlight his main points and then add a few of my own.
Good news:
First, the authors should be congratulated for posting the data for the paper on Open Science Framework (OSF). It's great to see this dataset online considering the hype surrounding oxytocin...
Here's a few other things I liked about this paper (or a list of things that oxytocin papers often don't do): i) Effect sizes and confidence intervals are reported, ii) the alpha for the main outcome was adjusted for multiple tests, and iii) the placebo spray was a "true" placebo that contained all the same ingredients as the oxytocin spray, except the actual oxytocin (i.e, not just saline spray). It's much easier to taste the difference between oxytocin and saline so this is an important point.
Bad news, genetics:
The authors included an "exploratory analysis" (their words in the intro and a section of the results) of three oxytocin pathway polymorphisms (rs53576, rs6449182, and rs3796863). There are about 10–15 candidate oxytocin pathway SNPs the could be analysed so it's not clear why these three were chosen rather than others. Sure, rs53576 has been studied a lot, but so have many other oxytocin pathway SNPs (especially rs2254298).
Bad news, religious affiliation:
...it appears that there was a main effect of condition on both spirituality scales. However, a close read of table 1 reveals that this was after correcting for religious affiliation. Now this is reasonable when you consider that someone who's an atheist is likely to report that spiritually is "not at all" important in my life. In fact, the data bears this out as the average spiritual rating (which can range from 0 to 7) for the atheist/agnostic group was 1.97 during the experimental visit and 1.88 a week later, whereas the average rating for the religiously affiliated group was 4.8 during the first visit and 4.9 during the second visit (I was able to calculate this from their posted dataset — isn't open data great!).
It's plausible for someone who identifies as agnostic or atheist to report "not at all" on both occasions — and many did. In fact, when you look at the agnostics/atheist group alone, there's a statistically significant increase in spirituality after oxytocin compared to placebo both during the lab visit and 1 week later... However, there was no significant difference when assessing the religiously affiliated group.
@sarcastic_f the apostles were just brimming with oxytocin @edyong209 @WiringTheBrain @sTeamTraen @CoyneoftheRealm— My Cousin Amygdala (@CousinAmygdala) June 20, 2016
Dr. Quintana concluded his post by advocating pre-registration and replication.
Oxytocin, Meditation, Positive Emotions, Negative Emotions, Oxytocin Receptor Gene (OXTR rs53576), CD38 (rs6449182 and rs3796863), Religious Affiliation, and Spirituality After Intranasal Oxytocin Administration in 83 Predominantly White Middle Aged Men
My unwieldy subheading includes only a small subset of the 161 variables in the study of Van Cappellen et al. (2016). Granted, some of these variables (e.g, the answers to individual items on questionnaires) were never examined in isolation — they were part of a composite score. Nonetheless, I think we can tick the "Ridiculously large numbers of variables" bullet point. We also have "Intranasal oxytocin administration" and "Small n candidate gene studies" (with n's below 20 in some cells). Bonus bullet point of "Between subjects design" is a personal pet peeve. I'd really like to see some within-subjects studies.
And there's a mysterious element to some of the data not included in this paper:
The data presented here are part of a larger study testing additional hypotheses not related to the present ones. For the larger study and to test a larger model, based on power calculation, a sample of 240 participants was targeted with a breakdown female-male of 125-115... Data collection ... stopped at 239 but despite recruitment effort, the sample is skewed toward females. This report focuses only on the 83 males who took part in the study... Growing evidence suggests that the effects of oxytocin are different for males and females (Feng et al., 2015) and most of the current evidence on intranasal oxytocin's psychological effects, which support the current hypotheses, come from studies with exclusively male samples. A separate analysis of female participants, controlling for a series of additional variables related to natural variations in oxytocin is ongoing.
The larger study also included a task using Chinese pictographs, since the ability to read Chinese pictographs was an exclusionary criterion "applied to another task unrelated to the current investigation." I'm generally not a study pre-registration evangelist, but one can really see the point here.
In Oxytocin We Doubt
I'll conclude on a pessimistic note (what else is new?). Some highly critical reviews of the oxytocin literature have appeared recently.
Evans SL, Dal Monte O, Noble P, Averbeck BB. Intranasal oxytocin effects on social cognition: a critique. Brain Res. 2014 Sep 11;1580:69-77.
Leng G, Ludwig M. Intranasal Oxytocin: Myths and Delusions. Biol Psychiatry. 2016 Feb 1;79(3):243-50.
Despite widespread reports that intranasal application of oxytocin has a variety of behavioral effects, very little of the huge amounts applied intranasally appears to reach the cerebrospinal fluid. However, peripheral concentrations are increased to supraphysiologic levels, with likely effects on diverse targets including the gastrointestinal tract, heart, and reproductive tract. The wish to believe in the effectiveness of intranasal oxytocin appears to be widespread and needs to be guarded against with scepticism and rigor. Preregistering trials, declaring primary and secondary outcomes in advance, specifying the statistical methods to be applied, and making all data openly available should minimize problems of publication bias and questionable post hoc analyses. Effects of intranasal oxytocin also need proper dose-response studies, and such studies need to include control subjects for peripheral effects, by administering oxytocin peripherally and by blocking peripheral actions with antagonists. Reports in the literature of oxytocin measurements include many that have been made with discredited methodology. Claims that peripheral measurements of oxytocin reflect central release are questionable at best.--- there is a retort to Leng and Ludwig by Quintana and Woolley: Intranasal Oxytocin Mechanisms Can Be Better Understood, but Its Effects on Social Cognition and Behavior Are Not to Be Sniffed At.
Walum H, Waldman ID, Young LJ. Statistical and Methodological Considerations for the Interpretation of Intranasal Oxytocin Studies. Biol Psychiatry. 2016 Feb 1;79(3):251-7.
...Our conclusion is that intranasal OT studies are generally underpowered and that there is a high probability that most of the published intranasal OT findings do not represent true effects. Thus, the remarkable reports that intranasal OT influences a large number of human social behaviors should be viewed with healthy skepticism...
McCullough ME, Churchland PS, Mendez AJ. Problems with measuring peripheral oxytocin: can the data on oxytocin and human behavior be trusted? Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013 Sep;37(8):1485-92.
It might be time to order Liquid Trust...
1 Actually, the number of articles is closer to ten, but I'll just list these four for now.
- Van Cappellen P, Way BM, Isgett SF, Fredrickson BL. Effects of Oxytocin Administration on Spirituality and Emotional Responses to Meditation. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2016 Jun 17. PMID: 27317929.
- Haas BW, Filkowski MM, Cochran RN, Denison L, Ishak A, Nishitani S, Smith AK. Epigenetic modification of OXT and human sociability. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2016 Jun 20. PMID: 27325757.
- Simons RL, Lei MK, Beach SR, Cutrona CE, Philibert RA. Methylation of the oxytocin receptor gene mediates the effect of adversity on negative schemas and depression. Dev Psychopathol. 2016 Jun 20:1-12. PMID: 27323309.
- Gao S, Becker B, Luo L, Geng Y, Zhao W, Yin Y, Hu J, Gao Z, Gong Q, Hurlemann R, Yao D, Kendrick KM. Oxytocin, the peptide that bonds the sexes also divides them. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2016 Jun 20. PMID: 27325780.
Haas BW, Filkowski MM, Cochran RN, Denison L, Ishak A, Nishitani S, Smith AK. Epigenetic modification of OXT and human sociability. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2016 Jun 20. PMID: 27325757.
Van Cappellen P, Way BM, Isgett SF, Fredrickson BL. Effects of Oxytocin Administration on Spirituality and Emotional Responses to Meditation. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2016 Jun 17. PMID: 27317929.
Further Reading
The Ed Yong Collection:
Oxytocin: the hype hormone
One Molecule for Love, Morality, and Prosperity?
Oxytocin: Still Not a Moral Molecule
The Weak Science Behind the Wrongly Named Moral Molecule
The Neurocritic Back Catalogue:
Oxytocin and Mind Reading...
ABC News Says: 'Trust Drug' Oxytocin Unbelievable For Now
Paul Zak, Oxytocin Skeptic?
Your Brain on Coupons?
Neuroskeptic Posts:
More Doubts Over The Oxytocin And Trust Theory
(about: Failed Replication of Oxytocin Effects on Trust)
Psychologists Throw Open The "File Drawer"
(about: Is there a publication bias in behavioral intranasal oxytocin research on humans?)
Sofia Deleniv: The Dark Side of Oxytocin
Nature News: Neuroscience: The hard science of oxytocin
Subscribe to Post Comments [Atom]


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Allergies are a common problem for dogs. Typical symptoms include itchiness resulting in excess scratching, biting, or licking, and sometimes chronic or recurrent skin/ear infections. While dogs most frequently suffer from allergies to environmental triggers (e.g., pollen, molds, and dust mites or flea bites), allergic reactions to food are possible, and are frequently a source of greater controversy.
Diagnosing canine food allergies is not easy. It typically requires a food trial during which a dog eats ABSOLUTELY NOTHING other than a food containing protein and carbohydrate sources to which he has never been exposed before. Another option is to only allow your dog to eat food that has been processed in such a way as to make it hypoallergenic. A food trial needs to continue for at least eight weeks before its success or failure can be evaluated. This is easier said than done!
I think the difficulty we have in definitively diagnosing food allergies in dogs is at least partially responsible for some of the myths that have developed around the condition. Let's look at a few, along with the truths behind them.
Myth: Dogs are typically allergic to corn, wheat, soy, and other plant-based ingredients.
Truth: In a study of 278 cases of food allergies in dogs where the problem ingredient was clearly identified, beef was by far the biggest culprit (95 cases). Dairy was number two at 55 cases. Wheat came in third with 42 cases. Soy and corn were actually minimal offenders, coming in at 13 and 7 cases, respectively.
In fact, protein sources are more often to blame than grains. Beef, dairy, chicken, egg, lamb, soy, pork and fish were responsible for 231 of the food allergies, while wheat, corn and rice combined accounted for only 54. (Some dogs were allergic to more than one ingredient, which is why these numbers total more than 278.)
Myth: "I've changed my dog's diet several times and he's still itchy, so he can't have a food allergy."
Truth: Dogs are allergic to particular ingredients, not to brands or types of food. So if your dog is allergic to chicken, and each of the foods you have tried contains chicken, he will still be itchy. Look very closely at the ingredient list; it will usually contain multiple protein and carbohydrate sources. It is not unusual for a food that is labeled "lamb and rice," for example, to contain chicken or other potential allergens as well.
It is difficult to guess correctly as to what your dog might be allergic to, which is why veterinarians typically reach for foods with novel ingredients like venison and potato (your dog's dietary history is important for picking out the right one), or specially processed, hypoallergenic foods.
Myth: "I haven't changed my dog's diet. It's hard to believe that he would be developing a food allergy now."
Truth: Dogs can develop food allergies at any time in their life, and with any dietary history.
Myth: "If my dog is suffering from food allergies, why doesn't he have diarrhea?"
Truth: Some, but not all, dogs with food allergies have concurrent gastrointestinal signs like vomiting or diarrhea, so you shouldn't rule out food allergies just because his GI tract seems to be functioning normally. If your dog has chronic gastrointestinal problems in addition to non-seasonal itchiness, a food allergy will be at the top of the list of potential problems.
If you think that your dog could have a food allergy, talk to your veterinarian. He or she can help you find the right food to keep your dog's symptoms at bay while still providing the balanced nutrition that is essential to good health.

subset: commoncrawl


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Pink Winter Gnome Argyle Glitter - 20oz Skinny
Regular price
Regular price
Sale price
Unit price
This is a ready to ship product. Please do not place an order for the product shown and request changes to be made. These requests will not be honored.
All ordered items are non-refundable. If there is an issue upon receiving the item(s), a message must be sent with photos of the item and packaging within 48hrs of delivery. Anything past that time frame will not be replaced. Not responsible for any stole packages.
Treat me like a child
- I'm not microwavable
- I'm not dishwasher safe
- Don't soak me under water
- Don't throw or drop me
- Don't leave me in a hot car or in the sun
Due to the nature of this item being handmade, there may be slight imperfection. However, I strive to provide the best quality work possible.


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eremoni Psilocybin Chocolate Bar – Mint is a high cocoa content and a skillful blend of the finest cocoa beans from Africa matched with Transkei Magic Mushrooms, a variety that originates in Africa!
Powerful and tannic this recipe is for lovers of intense cocoa bitterness. Fresh and aromatic mint rounds out the profile. Tempered dark chocolate in easy to use bar. Perfect for sharing a trip with friends.
3 grams of Transkei Magic Mushrooms per chocolate bar.
Each piece contains a dose of 200mg (total of 15 pieces).
50 gram Dark Chocolate Bar
Suggested Dosing: Start low and go slow. Wait 20-40 minutes to feel effects.
Ingredients: Cocao Beans, Sugar, Cocao Butter, P.Cubensis, Soya Letcithin, Vanilla, Peppermint Oil. (May contain traces of milk, nuts)
Please keep out of reach of children.


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Earn Working Online
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There are many ways of earning online and on DollarMantra we will tell you step by step methods to earn online which will be easy to you. We will tell you four main ways of earning online. All of them are listed below.
Paid Surveys
Paid Surveys is first and easiest step to earn online. Companies want to know what their customers want, to know this they conduct surveys. Companies hire market research Company for conducting surveys. There are several ways for a research company to conduct a study. Some of the most popular methods are Focus Groups, Product Tests, Mystery Shops, and Paid Surveys.
Market research companies add people as panelists who can participate in these surveys. Market research companies are paid a lot of money to do this. In return their panelists are compensated for their help. An average paid survey takes around 20 minutes and pays from $5 to $20. Some may pay more depending on time and importance of the study.
US Paid Surveys | International Paid Surveys | ||||
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Make Money With Your Website
There are millions of website on internet some of them are personal site, some are business site and many of them are made to earn money. Websites are the best way to earn money online.
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Affiliate marketer helps companies to sell their product and in return they get fixed commission or some percentage of product cost. Affiliate marketing is not just about selling products you can earn by pay per sale, pay per lead etc. Lear more about Affiliate Marketing.
If you have expertise in the fields like web designing, content writing, designing or in a fields which can be worked from home then you can start working as freelancer. Freelancing is a short term contract between professional and employer for completing a particular task.
As a freelancer you can work in fields of journalism and other forms of writing, copywriting, computer programming and graphic design, consulting, and many other professional and creative services.
You can be paid on hourly bases or fixed price for particular task decided and offered by you to service buyer. If service buyer is agree with your pricing and offering then he will give you the work and you will be paid by service buyer when task is completed. Lear more about Freelancing.
It's not a scam these are real ways of earning online. So don't wait start earning now.


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Compare Cheap Flights from Sunshine coast to Dubbo, Australia
Planning a trip to Dubbo for work or holiday? Check out Webjet's latest deals, browse airfares from leading airlines around the world and find the perfect flight that suits your budget!
Dubbo Guide
Top Things to Do and See with Cheap Flights to Dubbo
Taronga Western Plains Zoo
Taronga Western Plains Zoo is one of the top attractions in Dubbo. It's a fantastic afternoon adventure for families buying flights to Dubbo. You can spend a few hours looking at a wide variety of endangered animals such as lemurs, big cats, rhinos and elephants. For travellers with more time, you can also sign up to take part in a range of activities, including feeding a giraffe or meeting the local meerkat population. If you don't want to rush and see everything in one day, you can buy tickets that are valid for two consecutive days.
Old Dubbo Gaol
For history buffs buying flights to Dubbo, you'll want to add the Old Dubbo Gaol to your itinerary. It's been around since the 1800s, and the exhibitions help to bring Australia's pioneering history to life. Your tour around the gaol will include tales of ghost sightings, and you'll get to experience solitary confinement. The gaol has also recreated the living conditions of inmates, and you can view real prison records.
Aladdin's Cave Bottlehouse
Aladdin's Cave Bottlehouse is only a short drive from Dubbo city centre, making it an easy attraction to visit once your flights to Dubbo have landed. Inside, you'll have more than 3,000 bottles that contain messages, photos, toys and treasures. Other interesting exhibitions include a heritage collection of old sewing machines, jugs, bikes and blacksmith tools. Young children will love exploring the fairy garden, and there's a 'gumnut walk' if you want to see the western Australian flowering eucalypts. It's a great outing for families booking plane tickets to Dubbo!
Dubbo Regional Theatre and Convention Centre
If you can, you should see a show at the Dubbo Regional Theatre while you're in town. The building features a 500-seat tiered theatre, and it hosts some of the best local performances as well as nationally touring shows. If you need an excuse to buy return flights to Dubbo, use one of the shows or a convention as a reason to visit!
Best Time To Visit on Cheap Flights to Dubbo
Dubbo experiences pleasant weather throughout the year, making it a great city to visit whenever you can. However, the optimal time to visit is usually late winter and spring. You'll miss the summer crowds, and you can enjoy milder temperatures. If you book flights to Dubbo in October, you'll be in time for the annual DREAM (Dubbo Regional Entertainment Arts and Music) Festival. It's one of the city's top events, and it attracts visitors from all over Australia.
As a result, prices for airfare to Dubbo will increase around this period. If you're planning on buying flights to Dubbo for a safari holiday at Taronga Western Plains, book your trip between late August and November. The cooler temperatures will make it easier to spend hours outside looking at all the different animals. Plus, you'll have an easy time finding cheap flights to Dubbo as those months are a shoulder season for the city. You can also expect lower rates at the city's top hotels.
Cafes and Restaurants
Press is one of the best breakfast spots in Dubbo. If your flights to Dubbo arrive in the early morning or you're up at the crack of dawn for a safari experience, stop by here for their deluxe bacon, blue cheese and avocado roll.
Veldt Restaurant
Before your flights to Dubbo land, book a table at Veldt and experience a delicious dinner at one of Dubbo's top eateries. The service here is top-notch, and you can expect beautifully-presented dishes that taste as good as they look.
Public Transport and How to Get Around
Once your flights to Dubbo arrive at Dubbo City Regional Airport (DBO), the best way to get to your hotel is to take a taxi. You'll find the drivers waiting outside of the arrivals terminal, or you can book a driver before you arrive. A one-way trip from Dubbo City Regional Airport (DBO) to the city centre will cost on average $20 AUD.
Car rental
If you want more freedom getting around Dubbo during your holiday, you should hire a car. While you book your flights to Dubbo with Webjet, you can choose your vehicle at the same time, or you can see what's available at Dubbo City Regional Airport (DBO) when you arrive.
There is a local bus service called Dubbo Buslines that you can use to get around the city and to nearby destinations. You'll need to check their website for their latest timetables to see which routes will be in operation when you're in town. A trip between sections one and two will cost $2.40 AUD per person, and a daily ticket with unlimited rides is $7.20.
Best time to visit Dubbo
When is The Best Time to Visit Dubbo?
The most popular time to visit Dubbo is in summer. From December to February, the weather is warm, reaching highs of 33°C. If you're planning your trip during this period, make sure you book flights and accommodation well in advance. Prices skyrocket during these months and hotels fill up fast.
If you want similar weather to the summer months without the price tag, come to Dubbo in spring. From September to November, the days average around 30°C and the crowds have yet to arrive. You'll have better luck finding deals on flights and hotels have yet to raise their prices to meet the high season demand.
Fall (March to May) and winter (June to August) are the quietest times of year to visit Dubbo. Rain is also rare making it a great time for outdoor activities without the heat of the summer months. If you book a few weeks in advance, you'll be able to find discounts on hotels, and you'll have the city's attractions to yourself.
Airports in Dubbo
Dubbo Airport
Dubbo Airport (also known as Dubbo City Airport) is located in New South Wales, Australia. It operates domestic flights to Canberra, Newcastle, Brisbane, Melbourne, Sydney, Cobar and Broken Hill. The airport is served by FlyPelican, JetGo, Eastern Australia Airlines and Regional Express.
Getting To and From Dubbo Airport
There are no public transport options to and from Dubbo Airport.
The best way to get into town is to hire a metered taxi. A trip into the CBD costs AUD 12, and you'll find drivers waiting outside the arrivals terminal.
If you want more freedom getting around Dubbo, hire a car. There are five rental companies to choose from in the arrivals terminal.


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Categories: XogosHow to play
When KFourInLine loads, you can select the difficulty or start a two player game. If you like, you can also pick your color and select which color starts the game.
Each player is represented by a color (for example yellow or white for player one and red for player two).
The goal of the game is to get four connected pieces of your color into any row, column or diagonal.
The players move in turns. Each turn the player can place one of his or her pieces into any of the seven columns where each piece will fall to the lowest possible free place. Note: Bear in mind that you can only select the tiles which have either of their vertical sides open.
After one player's move is done the second player can make his or her input. This is repeated until the game is over, which is when one of the players has four pieces in a row, column or diagonal or no more moves are possible because the board is filled.
A player who first manages to get four pieces in a row, column or diagonal wins the game. If no more moves can be made but no player has won, the game ends drawn.


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The Paul Pedersen Collection archive finding aid is now available on-line!
Professor Pedersen is a composer, pedagogue and former dean of both the Schulich School of Music at McGill University and the Faculty of Music at the University of Toronto.
The Collection, housed in the Marvin Duchow Music Library's rare book and special collections room measures 18 linear feet and contains over 8000 items. It consists of professional materials that span much of Paul Pedersen's career in music and education including compositional sketches and drafts, literary writings, teaching materials, photographs, correspondence, etc.
For access to the collection, Monday-Friday, 9-5, please contact Cynthia Leive for an appointment.


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Fully Express Your Creativity
KUSDOM provides more than 800 customizable products, the powerful and easy operating design tool can help you to turn your ideas into reality
Product Name | Cart ( %s Item ) |
Macbook Pro 13' Skin (2020)
The case is made of ABS plastic. This durable material is remarkably lightweight yet offers MacBook reliable protection from scratches and impacts.
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・Material: ABS
・Fits for Apple 13 inch MacBook Pro
Design Specs | |
Printing size | 30.5 x 21.3 cm |
Advice to User | |
File Request | please provide 150 DPI or above resolution picture. We recommend that referring to the printing size of the product to adjust the image size and resolution; or same as the size of the printed product design (1: 1); or larger than the recommended size to ensure the best printing quality when the product is made. |
Design Tips | Put all important image and text inside the solid orange line (the printing area). Also, keep a certain distance from the solid orange line to avoid cutting off during printing. Product printing may be blurred if over-enlarge the picture. |
Important Notice | |
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Position Deviation | There is alignment and cut out process during production. Thus, there may be position deviation |


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Unfinished Business, SPEAK's Campaign for Corporate Accountability
In the UK, companies are required to respect human rights and the environment. If they fall foul of the law there is a price to pay. But it's not like this everywhere – multi-national companies are not always held accountable for serious abuses committed in poorer countries, with devastating results. From people that make our clothes, to women who burn their hands shelling cashew nuts, to communities living next to oil fields, we are intrinsically connected with these situations, and we can do something about it!
SPEAK, with the CORE Coalition, is calling for an independent UK Business, Environment and Human Rights Commission, which would provide access to justice for victims of corporate abuse
In the last year we have sent hundreds of Pray & Post Cards to two successive Justice Ministers, asked "Mr In-Vince-Cable" to defeat the monster of corporate abuse, and SPEAK Groups and Links have recorded several more MP3 messages.
Unfinished Business Petition is an audio petition with several hours of the public speaking out for justice and corporate accountability.
We want to record yet more hours in the final month before we hand the petition in at the Day of Action!
If you would like to order an Unfinished Business pack with petitions and prompt cards then email SPEAK with your name and address.


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How to buy a boat
When you are buying a boat, you want to feel comfortable about every stage of the process and in complete control. Buying a boat through Boatshed will take the stress out of the procedure. At Boatshed we put the customers first!
The process
1. Register with Boatshed.com. This will give you access to a vast selection of boats for sale. The registration process is quick and simple and you only have to do it once. Register with Boatshed.
2. Search our website. To find a boat that suits your needs, use our advanced search tool online. A broker has visited and photographed every boat, so our listings include detailed specifications, photos, videos and VR to give you an accurate representation of each boat.
3. Get in touch. Once you decide that you'd like more information or to arrange a viewing on a boat, get in touch and we will arrange a viewing. We will always accompany you on a viewing, and can help with practical advice and share our knowledge of the boat.
If you not sure exactly what you want then why not contact one of our qualified Boatshed Brokers to discuss it with them.
4. Make an offer. If you want to make an offer, we can give you advice on negotiations, and will always communicate all offers to the owner. An offer is normally made subject to survey but can also be subject to sea trials, engine test and equipment checks.
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text:
Chip Knappenberger
Learn more from the Center for Media and Democracy's research on climate change. |
Paul C. ("Chip") Knappenberger is the Administrator of the World Climate Report[1], a blog published by New Hope Environmental Services, "an advocacy science consulting firm"[2] run by global warming skeptic, Patrick J. Michaels. New Hope Environmental Services does not disclose its clients but these have included fossil-fuel based power utilities including Tri-State Generation & Transmission Association and Intermountain Rural Electric Association. In an affidavit in a court case Michaels argued against disclosure of his clients on the grounds that "large companies are understandably adverse to negative publicity. Thus, the global warming controversy has created an environment in which companies who wish to support New Hope's research and advocacy about global warming science are increasingly willing to do so only if their support remains confidential."[3]
Knappenberger has co-authored several papers with fellow warming skeptic Patrick Michaels (see the resources section below) and is a contributor to MasterResource, a "free-market energy blog."[4]
A biographical note states that Knappenberger "holds an M.S. degree in Environmental Sciences (1990) from the University of Virginia as well as a B.A. degree in Environmental Sciences (1986) from the same institution. His over 20 years of experience as a climate researcher have included 10 years with the Virginia State Climatology Office and 13 years with New Hope Environmental Services, Inc. During his career, he has studied such diverse topics as patterns of global warming, causes of global warming, hurricanes, behavior of U.S. temperature and precipitation change, weather/mortality relationships in the United States, Greenland ice melt, diurnal temperature change, weather and agriculture, circulation changes in the eastern United States, snowfall/temperature relationships in Canada, wintertime coastal storm tracks in the eastern United States, and winter weather forecasting techniques. From this research, he has authored or co-authored over 20 papers appearing in the peer-reviewed scientific literature, and numerous others appearing in scientific conference proceedings, professional journals, and the popular press."[4]
Disputed background
The ExxonSecrets site lists Knappenberger and Michaels as having worked on the Marshall Institute's Independent Commission on Environmental Education (ICEE)[5], but this information appears to be incorrect, as the ExxonSecrets list of ICEE personnel matches neither the Marshall Institute's ICEE list nor Knappenberger's recollections[6]
Articles and resources
Related SourceWatch articles
- ↑ "Staff", World Climate Report, March 15, 2005.
- ↑ "New Hope Environmental Services", New Hope Environmental Services website, accessed May 2009.
- ↑ Dr. Patrick J. Michaels, "Affidavit of Dr. Patrick J. Michaels", United States District Court for the District of Vermont, Green Mountain Chrysler et al. v. Crombie et al., Docket No. 02:05-CV-302, July 6, 2007.(Pdf)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "About - MasterResource", MasterResource (blog), accessed May 2009.
- ↑ Greenpeace USA, "FACTSHEET: Independent Commission on Environmental Education, ICEE", Exxonsecrets, accessed May 2009.
- ↑ Media:Email PCKnappenberger 2010-01-08.pdf
External articles
Articles co-authored by Knappenberger
- Patrick J. Michaels, P.C. Knappenberger, and R.E. Davis, "The way of warming", Regulation, Cato Institute, January 1, 2000, Volume 33, pages 10-16.
- Patrick J. Michaels, and P.C. Knappenberger, "Natural signals in the MSU lower tropospheric temperature record", Geophysical Research Letters, August 2, 2000, Volume 27, pages 2905-2908.
- P.C. Knappenberger, Patrick J. Michaels and R.E. Davis, "The Nature of Observed Temperature Changes Across the United States During the 20th Century", Climate Research, July 2001, Volume 17, pages 45-53.
- J.D. Hux, P.C. Knappenberger, Patrick J. Michaels, and P.J. Stenger, "Development of a discriminant analysis mixed precipitation (DAMP) forecast model for mid-Atlantic winter storms", Weather and Forecasting, Number 16, 2001, pages 248-259.


text:
Where Do Scleral Lenses Fit In Your Dry Eye Treatment Protocol?
Dry Eye Syndrome (DES) is among the top drivers that lead patients to seek help from eye care professionals trained in treating dry eyes.
Dry Eye Syndrome (DES) is a highly common condition that occurs when your tear glands don't produce enough tears or when your tears evaporate too quickly. This condition can be temporary or chronic and is characterized by dry, itchy, stinging and irritated eyes.
Curiously, a recent survey revealed that out of the more than 30 million adults who have symptoms of Dry Eye, only half of those are diagnosed and an even smaller number receives the medical attention they need. These numbers are a concern since there are millions of people needlessly suffering from a treatable condition.
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Scleral lenses should not be the primary treatment method
Despite their countless benefits, scleral lenses should not be the primary therapy or treatment method for patients with mild to moderate dry eye syndrome. Eye practitioners often advise to try out prior treatment options first.
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Scleral lenses should only serve as tertiary therapy after overnight treatment options and prescription medications such as moisture goggles or ointment have been exhausted. That said, scleral lenses should be incorporated before the long-term use of steroids, surgical punctual occlusion and] amniotic membrane grafts.
Some of the other tertiary therapies that can be recommended alongside scleral lenses include:
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Like scleral lenses, these treatment procedures are highly effective, but should only be used if the primary and secondary therapies fail to improve the patient's Dry Eye condition.
If you experience any eye pain or regular ocular discomfort, book your appointment with The Scleral Lens and Keratoconus Center at Contact Lens and Vision today.
Our practice serves patients from Woodbridge, Edison, Freehold, and East Brunswick, New Jersey and surrounding communities.


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Right here you can listen to the following words of wisdom from the October 23, 2014 meeting of the Hollywood Media District BID Board of Directors:
Mike Malick: Uhhh….OK. Bus stop shelter removal.
Steve Whiddon: Yeah, I think I wanted to take…uh…the temperature in the room for two…um…bus stop shelters that are…um…close to Highland and the Kodak Building. I know that they seem to be [unintelligible] placed for…uh…for some activity, um, [unintelligible] even waiting for the bus, so, have you guys discussed this before?
Unidentified Interlocutor: No.
Continue reading Steve Whiddon, Looking to Destroy Bus Shelters, Instead Finds Epic Ethnomethodological Fail


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text:
You can use Firebase Authentication to sign in a user by sending an SMS message to the user's phone. The user signs in using a one-time code contained in the SMS message.
The easiest way to add phone number sign-in to your app is to use FirebaseUI, which includes a drop-in sign-in widget that implements sign-in flows for phone number sign-in, as well as password-based and federated sign-in. This document describes how to implement a phone number sign-in flow using the Firebase SDK.
Before you begin
If you haven't already, copy the initialization snippet from the Firebase console to your project as described in Add Firebase to your JavaScript project.Security concerns
Authentication using only a phone number, while convenient, is less secure than the other available methods, because possession of a phone number can be easily transferred between users. Also, on devices with multiple user profiles, any user that can receive SMS messages can sign in to an account using the device's phone number.
If you use phone number based sign-in in your app, you should offer it alongside more secure sign-in methods, and inform users of the security tradeoffs of using phone number sign-in.
Enable Phone Number sign-in for your Firebase project
To sign in users by SMS, you must first enable the Phone Number sign-in method for your Firebase project:
- In the Firebase console, open the Authentication section.
- On the Sign-in Method page, enable the Phone Number sign-in method.
- On the same page, if the domain that will host your app isn't listed in the OAuth redirect domains section, add your domain. Note that localhost is not allowed as a hosted domain for the purposes of phone auth.
Firebase's phone number sign-in request quota is high enough that most apps won't be affected. However, if you need to sign in a very high volume of users with phone authentication, you might need to upgrade your pricing plan. See the pricing page.
Set up the reCAPTCHA verifier
Before you can sign in users with their phone numbers, you must set up Firebase's reCAPTCHA verifier. Firebase uses reCAPTCHA to prevent abuse, such as by ensuring that the phone number verification request comes from one of your app's allowed domains.
You don't need to manually set up a reCAPTCHA client; when you use the
Firebase SDK's RecaptchaVerifier
object, Firebase automatically
creates and handles any necessary client keys and secrets.
The RecaptchaVerifier
object supports
reCAPTCHA, which can often verify the user without requiring any user
action, as well as the reCAPTCHA widget, which always requires user interaction
to complete successfully.
The underlying rendered reCAPTCHA can be localized to the user's preference by updating the language code on the Auth instance before rendering the reCAPTCHA. The aforementioned localization will also apply to the SMS message sent to the user, containing the verification code.
import { getAuth } from "firebase/auth"; const auth = getAuth(); auth.languageCode = 'it'; // To apply the default browser preference instead of explicitly setting it. // auth.useDeviceLanguage();
firebase.auth().languageCode = 'it'; // To apply the default browser preference instead of explicitly setting it. // firebase.auth().useDeviceLanguage();
Use invisible reCAPTCHA
To use an invisible reCAPTCHA, create a RecaptchaVerifier
with the size
parameter set to invisible
, specifying
the ID of the button that submits your sign-in form. For example:
import { getAuth, RecaptchaVerifier } from "firebase/auth"; const auth = getAuth(); window.recaptchaVerifier = new RecaptchaVerifier(auth, 'sign-in-button', { 'size': 'invisible', 'callback': (response) => { // reCAPTCHA solved, allow signInWithPhoneNumber. onSignInSubmit(); } });
window.recaptchaVerifier = new firebase.auth.RecaptchaVerifier('sign-in-button', { 'size': 'invisible', 'callback': (response) => { // reCAPTCHA solved, allow signInWithPhoneNumber. onSignInSubmit(); } });
Use the reCAPTCHA widget
To use the visible reCAPTCHA widget, create an element on your page to
contain the widget, and then create a RecaptchaVerifier
specifying the ID of the container when you do so. For example:
import { getAuth, RecaptchaVerifier } from "firebase/auth"; const auth = getAuth(); window.recaptchaVerifier = new RecaptchaVerifier(auth, 'recaptcha-container', {});
window.recaptchaVerifier = new firebase.auth.RecaptchaVerifier('recaptcha-container');
Optional: Specify reCAPTCHA parameters
You can optionally set callback functions on the
object that are called when the user solves the
reCAPTCHA or the reCAPTCHA expires before the user submits the form:
import { getAuth, RecaptchaVerifier } from "firebase/auth"; const auth = getAuth(); window.recaptchaVerifier = new RecaptchaVerifier(auth, 'recaptcha-container', { 'size': 'normal', 'callback': (response) => { // reCAPTCHA solved, allow signInWithPhoneNumber. // ... }, 'expired-callback': () => { // Response expired. Ask user to solve reCAPTCHA again. // ... } });
window.recaptchaVerifier = new firebase.auth.RecaptchaVerifier('recaptcha-container', { 'size': 'normal', 'callback': (response) => { // reCAPTCHA solved, allow signInWithPhoneNumber. // ... }, 'expired-callback': () => { // Response expired. Ask user to solve reCAPTCHA again. // ... } });
Optional: Pre-render the reCAPTCHA
If you want to pre-render the reCAPTCHA before you submit a sign-in request,
call render
recaptchaVerifier.render().then((widgetId) => { window.recaptchaWidgetId = widgetId; });
recaptchaVerifier.render().then((widgetId) => { window.recaptchaWidgetId = widgetId; });
After render
resolves, you get the reCAPTCHA's widget ID, which
you can use to make calls to the
reCAPTCHA API:
const recaptchaResponse = grecaptcha.getResponse(recaptchaWidgetId);
const recaptchaResponse = grecaptcha.getResponse(recaptchaWidgetId);
Send a verification code to the user's phone
To initiate phone number sign-in, present the user an interface that prompts
them to provide their phone number, and then call
to request that Firebase send an
authentication code to the user's phone by SMS:
Get the user's phone number.
Legal requirements vary, but as a best practice and to set expectations for your users, you should inform them that if they use phone sign-in, they might receive an SMS message for verification and standard rates apply.
- Call
, passing to it the user's phone number and theRecaptchaVerifier
you created earlier.Web
import { getAuth, signInWithPhoneNumber } from "firebase/auth"; const phoneNumber = getPhoneNumberFromUserInput(); const appVerifier = window.recaptchaVerifier; const auth = getAuth(); signInWithPhoneNumber(auth, phoneNumber, appVerifier) .then((confirmationResult) => { // SMS sent. Prompt user to type the code from the message, then sign the // user in with confirmationResult.confirm(code). window.confirmationResult = confirmationResult; // ... }).catch((error) => { // Error; SMS not sent // ... });
const phoneNumber = getPhoneNumberFromUserInput(); const appVerifier = window.recaptchaVerifier; firebase.auth().signInWithPhoneNumber(phoneNumber, appVerifier) .then((confirmationResult) => { // SMS sent. Prompt user to type the code from the message, then sign the // user in with confirmationResult.confirm(code). window.confirmationResult = confirmationResult; // ... }).catch((error) => { // Error; SMS not sent // ... });
results in an error, reset the reCAPTCHA so the user can try again:grecaptcha.reset(window.recaptchaWidgetId); // Or, if you haven't stored the widget ID: window.recaptchaVerifier.render().then(function(widgetId) { grecaptcha.reset(widgetId); });
The signInWithPhoneNumber
method issues the reCAPTCHA challenge
to the user, and if the user passes the challenge, requests that
Firebase Authentication send an SMS message containing a verification code to the
user's phone.
Sign in the user with the verification code
After the call to signInWithPhoneNumber
succeeds, prompt the
user to type the verification code they received by SMS. Then, sign in the user
by passing the code to the confirm
method of the
object that was passed to
's fulfillment handler (that is, its
block). For example:
const code = getCodeFromUserInput(); confirmationResult.confirm(code).then((result) => { // User signed in successfully. const user = result.user; // ... }).catch((error) => { // User couldn't sign in (bad verification code?) // ... });
const code = getCodeFromUserInput(); confirmationResult.confirm(code).then((result) => { // User signed in successfully. const user = result.user; // ... }).catch((error) => { // User couldn't sign in (bad verification code?) // ... });
If the call to confirm
succeeded, the user is successfully
signed in.
Get the intermediate AuthCredential object
If you need to get an AuthCredential
object for the user's
account, pass the verification code from the confirmation result and the
verification code to PhoneAuthProvider.credential
instead of
calling confirm
var credential = firebase.auth.PhoneAuthProvider.credential(confirmationResult.verificationId, code);
Then, you can sign in the user with the credential:
Test with fictional phone numbers
You can set up fictional phone numbers for development via the Firebase console. Testing with fictional phone numbers provides these benefits:
- Test phone number authentication without consuming your usage quota.
- Test phone number authentication without sending an actual SMS message.
- Run consecutive tests with the same phone number without getting throttled. This minimizes the risk of rejection during App store review process if the reviewer happens to use the same phone number for testing.
- Test readily in development environments without any additional effort, such as the ability to develop in an iOS simulator or an Android emulator without Google Play Services.
- Write integration tests without being blocked by security checks normally applied on real phone numbers in a production environment.
Fictional phone numbers must meet these requirements:
- Make sure you use phone numbers that are indeed fictional, and do not already exist. Firebase Authentication does not allow you to set existing phone numbers used by real users as test numbers. One option is to use 555 prefixed numbers as US test phone numbers, for example: +1 650-555-3434
- Phone numbers have to be correctly formatted for length and other constraints. They will still go through the same validation as a real user's phone number.
- You can add up to 10 phone numbers for development.
- Use test phone numbers/codes that are hard to guess and change those frequently.
Create fictional phone numbers and verification codes
- In the Firebase console, open the Authentication section.
- In the Sign in method tab, enable the Phone provider if you haven't already.
- Open the Phone numbers for testing accordion menu.
- Provide the phone number you want to test, for example: +1 650-555-3434.
- Provide the 6-digit verification code for that specific number, for example: 654321.
- Add the number. If there's a need, you can delete the phone number and its code by hovering over the corresponding row and clicking the trash icon.
Manual testing
You can directly start using a fictional phone number in your application. This allows you to perform manual testing during development stages without running into quota issues or throttling. You can also test directly from an iOS simulator or Android emulator without Google Play Services installed.
When you provide the fictional phone number and send the verification code, no actual SMS is sent. Instead, you need to provide the previously configured verification code to complete the sign in.
On sign-in completion, a Firebase user is created with that phone number. The user has the same behavior and properties as a real phone number user, and can access Realtime Database/Cloud Firestore and other services the same way. The ID token minted during this process has the same signature as a real phone number user.
Another option is to set a test role via custom claims on these users to differentiate them as fake users if you want to further restrict access.
Integration testing
In addition to manual testing, Firebase Authentication provides APIs to help write integration tests for phone auth testing. These APIs disable app verification by disabling the reCAPTCHA requirement in web and silent push notifications in iOS. This makes automation testing possible in these flows and easier to implement. In addition, they help provide the ability to test instant verification flows on Android.
On web, set appVerificationDisabledForTesting
before rendering the firebase.auth.RecaptchaVerifier
. This resolves
the reCAPTCHA automatically, allowing you to pass the phone number without manually solving it. Note
that even though reCAPTCHA is disabled, using a non-fictional phone number will still fail to
complete sign in. Only fictional phone numbers can be used with this API.
// Turn off phone auth app verification. firebase.auth().settings.appVerificationDisabledForTesting = true; var phoneNumber = "+16505554567"; var testVerificationCode = "123456"; // This will render a fake reCAPTCHA as appVerificationDisabledForTesting is true. // This will resolve after rendering without app verification. var appVerifier = new firebase.auth.RecaptchaVerifier('recaptcha-container'); // signInWithPhoneNumber will call appVerifier.verify() which will resolve with a fake // reCAPTCHA response. firebase.auth().signInWithPhoneNumber(phoneNumber, appVerifier) .then(function (confirmationResult) { // confirmationResult can resolve with the fictional testVerificationCode above. return confirmationResult.confirm(testVerificationCode) }).catch(function (error) { // Error; SMS not sent // ... });
Visible and invisible mock reCAPTCHA app verifiers behave differently when app verification is disabled:
- Visible reCAPTCHA: When the visible reCAPTCHA is rendered via
, it automatically resolves itself after a fraction of a second delay. This is equivalent to a user clicking the reCAPTCHA immediately upon rendering. The reCAPTCHA response will expire after some time and then auto-resolve again. - Invisible reCAPTCHA:
The invisible reCAPTCHA does not auto-resolve on rendering and instead does so on the
call or when the button anchor of the reCAPTCHA is clicked after a fraction of a second delay. Similarly, the response will expire after some time and will only auto-resolve either after theappVerifier.verify()
call or when the button anchor of the reCAPTCHA is clicked again.
Whenever a mock reCAPTCHA is resolved, the corresponding callback function is triggered as expected with the fake response. If an expiration callback is also specified, it will trigger on expiration.
Next steps
After a user signs in for the first time, a new user account is created and linked to the credentials—that is, the user name and password, phone number, or auth provider information—the user signed in with. This new account is stored as part of your Firebase project, and can be used to identify a user across every app in your project, regardless of how the user signs in.
In your apps, the recommended way to know the auth status of your user is to set an observer on the
object. You can then get the user's basic profile information from theUser
object. See Manage Users. In your Firebase Realtime Database and Cloud Storage Security Rules, you can get the signed-in user's unique user ID from the
variable, and use it to control what data a user can access.
You can allow users to sign in to your app using multiple authentication providers by linking auth provider credentials to an existing user account.
To sign out a user, call
import { getAuth, signOut } from "firebase/auth"; const auth = getAuth(); signOut(auth).then(() => { // Sign-out successful. }).catch((error) => { // An error happened. });
firebase.auth().signOut().then(() => { // Sign-out successful. }).catch((error) => { // An error happened. });


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America's first Digital Archives attracts worldwide attention
Seven archivists from China toured the Secretary of State's Digital Archives on Tuesday, May 31 to learn how to rescue, preserve and make accessible China's critical, electronic records and historic documents dating back thousands of years. The delegation spent the day touring the Digital Archives and learning about the program: from initial planning and funding, through development and implementation. "The Washington State Digital Archives is truly honored to host fellow archivists who have traveled such a great distance in seek of knowledge and understanding" said Adam Jansen, Digital Archivist. "It was a wonderful opportunity for both groups to learn from each other." |


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As sports fans witnessed this past weekend at the Masters golf tournament, Tiger Woods is still the biggest name in the sport.
UNIDENTIFIED ANNOUNCER: What a return.
CHANG: While he was making his return to the Masters following a devastating car crash, a set of clubs allegedly used by Woods sold for over $5 million. That's a record amount.
They aren't magical, although some golf lovers might claim they are - like Jonathan Wall, who writes for GOLF Magazine.
JONATHAN WALL: They are from arguably the most dominant stretch of golf in the history of the game.
CHANG: It's purported that Woods used them to win what's known in golf circles as the Tiger Slam. That's when he won four consecutive major tournaments in the early 2000s. Here's Woods in 2002 speaking about that achievement.
TIGER WOODS: You know, no one's ever done that, not four professional majors. And that's something that I'm very proud of. You can call it what you want.
ESTRIN: Two of the clubs in this particular Titleist brand set have the word tiger imprinted on them. There's no serial number, but Wall says the proof could lie in one of the clubs - the 8-iron.
WALL: As you hit a golf club - especially if you're, like, a Tiger Woods, you're an elite ball striker - you're going to wear out the middle spot. And that seems to be the calling card for these irons because it does have a pretty - I wouldn't say a checkered past, but there are a lot of questions about these irons and their legitimacy.
CHANG: The man who just sold them at auction says he bought the clubs for just $57,000 back in 2010. And there are other indications that the clubs are authentic.
WALL: This isn't just one man's word saying that they used to be owned. He took a polygraph. He passed the polygraph. He's got the sworn affidavit. There's a lot going on here, again, to just prove that these irons are legitimate and they are from Tiger Slam.
CHANG: Wall says there's one important thing missing, though. They have yet to be ID'd by Tiger himself.
WALL: It's difficult to say that they're not Tiger's irons. The real question is whether they were from the Tiger Slam, and that's only something that one person knows - Tiger Woods.
ESTRIN: Come on, Tiger. Let us know if they're real.
(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC) Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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Praise be to Allah.
If you only divorced your wife on this basis, then you realized that she was innocent of that, then the divorce does not count, because it was based on a reason, then it became apparent that this reason had no substance. This is the view favoured by Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah and Ibn Rajab, and it has been stated in fatwas issued by two contemporary shaykhs: Muhammad ibn Ibraaheem and Ibn 'Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on them both)
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
If it is said, "Your wife committed zina" or "She went out of the house" and he gets angry and says, "Then she is divorced," the divorce does not count. This was stated in a fatwa by Ibn 'Aqeel, and it is the view of 'Ata' ibn Abi Rabaah. Something similar was said by Ibn Abi Moosa. If he said to his wife, "You are divorced because you entered the house," she is not divorced if she did not enter the house, because he only divorced her for a reason, without which the divorce does not take effect. End quote.
Al-Fataawa al-Kubra, 5/495
See: Qawaa'id Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali, p. 323
Shaykh Muhammad Ibraaheem (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
We have received your letter in which you are asking about your divorcing your wife, and you say that your heard something about her so you got angry and divorced her three times. After that you found out that the news was false, and it was proven that it was not true, and you are asking whether this divorce counts as such or not, because it turned out that she is innocent of what was being said about her.
The answer:
If the situation is as described, and you only divorced her on the basis of that false news, then the correct scholarly view is that the divorce does not count as such. Based on this, the divorce is invalid and the woman is permissible for you under the initial marriage contract, so there is no need for you to formally take her back or do a new marriage contract. End quote.Fataawa Muhamamd ibn Ibraaheem, 11/ question no. 3159
Shaykh Ibn 'Uthaymeen said in al-Sharh al-Mumti', 6/245
If a person bases his words on a reason which is later found to have no substance, there is no ruling on his words. This is a basic principle which has many implications, among the most important of which is what happens to some people with regard to divorce, where a man says to his wife for example, "If you enter the house of So and so then you are divorced," based on what that person has of haraam means of entertainment such as musical instruments and the like, then he finds out that he has no such things at all. If she enters that house, is she divorced or not? The answer is that she is not divorced, because that was based on a reason which has no substance. This is based on both sharee'ah and rational thinking. End quote.


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The idea that America is, in any sense, a civilized country is easily dispelled by the orgy of self-congratulation and rationalization that accompanies the dual anniversaries of Harry Truman's decision to atom bomb the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Want your gorge to rise? Check out the New York Post editorial "The Bomb That Saved Millions," (August 6) which justifies the bombings as a "military necessity." The editorial opines that "few at the time questioned President Harry S. Truman's wisdom in using the devastating new weapon, but revisionist historians and political activists maintain now more than a half-century later that the atomic bombing of Japan was militarily unnecessary and morally unacceptable." The Post is New York City's most popular newspaper a place where the official standard of morality is closer to the Code of Lek than the Ten Commandants. So why are we not surprised that the Post finds all this appalling?
The incineration of hundreds of thousands, and the slow death by radiation sickness of tens of thousands more, morally unacceptable? The nerve of these "revisionists"! Why, they must be Commies or unrepentant hippies to believe such a thing, and sure enough, as it turns out:
"Indeed, these historians many of whom came of age during the Vietnam era, when trashing America was all the rage in academia consider Truman and others who approved the bomb's use to be nothing less than war criminals."
This, we are told, is "nonsense." All those deaths, and possibly more, were justified by "military necessity": to hear them tell it, without the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, World War II might well be going on to this day.
One of the job qualifications for being a New York Post editorial writer is a complete ignorance of history, as well as an amorality that might be called Murdochian, as this little screed makes all too clear. For the myth of "military necessity" as a justification for the incineration of two cities has been convincingly debunked by the so-called revisionists, who have shown that the decision to drop the bomb was opposed by an impressive list of Truman's top commanders, General Douglas MacArthur among them. In The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb, historian Gar Alperovitz reveals that Truman's chief of staff, Admiral William Leahy, chief of Naval Operations Admiral Ernest J. King, Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, Admiral William "Bull" Halsey, Rear Admiral Lewis L. Strauss, commanding general of the U.S. Army Air Forces Henry H. "Hap" Arnold, General Claire Chennault of the Flying Tigers, Army Strategic Air Forces Commander Carl Spatz, and Army Air Force General Curtis "Bombs Away" Lemay, all challenged the military necessity argument. Among Truman's top advisors, Secretary of State Stimson, Assistant Secretary of War John McCloy, former Ambassador to Japan Joseph Grew, Navy Under Secretary Ralph Bard, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff, all took issue with the decision in one way or another. In 1963, Dwight Eisenhower told Newsweek that "it wasn't necessary to hit them with that awful thing."
There were a lot of alternatives: Truman could have demonstrated the power of the bomb without wiping out several hundred thousand civilians. He could have altered the Rooseveltian insistence on unconditional surrender. At the time, the US was intercepting all Japanese coded messages, and deciphering them, and Truman knew that this was the main obstacle to Japan's peace party. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill urged Truman to relent and allow the Japanese to surrender, keeping their Emperor system and their honor intact. But it was no go. When Truman stook the reins, US pronouncements on the subject did not significantly deviate from the unconditional surrender formula, and were purposefully vague.
Another argument against the "military necessity" rationale is that even after the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki the Japanese refused to surrender. Nagasaki was still burning as the Japanese Cabinet met to consider the question: the vote was 12 in favor of surrender, with 3 against and 1 undecided. Since unanimity was required, the war was not stopped until Emperor Hirohito personally intervened. He was persuaded to do so by the proponents of peace within the Japanese government, who were given the upper hand not by the dropping of the bomb but by the understanding that the Emperor system would be preserved by the Allied victors.
This is underscored by General MacArthur's belief that a full-scale invasion of Japan would be necessary even after the atom bombs were dropped. For, as many of Truman's political and military advisors informed him, the Japanese considered their Emperor to be a god, and could never permit his demise or that of his dynasty. As Japan's Prime Minister Suzuki announced on June 9, 1945, "Should the emperor system be abolished, they [the Japanese people] would lose all reason for existence. 'Unconditional surrender', therefore, means death to the hundred million: it leaves us no choice but to go on fighting to the last man." It was only the Emperor's understanding that the Chrysanthemum Throne would be retained that gave the peace party the trump card: otherwise, those who preferred national self-immolation to surrender would almost certainly have won out.
A panel set up by President Truman to study the Pacific war issued a report, the United States Strategic Bombing Survey, in July 1946, which declared,
The report was suppressed, ignored, and shoved down the Memory Hole.
Justice in wartime is the justice of the victors. This is why the war crimes of the Allies were not allowed to be introduced into evidence at the Nuremberg trials, or the trials of the Japanese leaders. It is why evidence of NATO's war crimes will be dismissed out of hand by the International Criminal Tribunal when they put Slobodan Milosevic in the dock.
In explaining why, in the face of opposition from the military, as well as top officials in his administration, Truman ignored the religious and moral traditions of Western civilization, we are back to the Code of Lek and the ethical norms of New York's concrete canyons (and Washington's corridors of power) where revenge is considered the sweetest liquor. This cultural ethos was reflected in a radio address given August 9, after Nagasaki fell victim to the fire from heaven, in which Truman declaimed:
So here was the great guardian of democratic liberal values, the chief executive and symbol of the West's triumph over the powers of totalitarian darkness, exhibiting a lust for inflicting pain bordering on the pathological. A more overt appeal to savagery can hardly be imagined. Equating the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor with the wholesale vaporization of innocent civilians at Hiroshima and Nagasaki would be funny to someone with a really grotesque sense of humor. In any case, it is not as if the inhabitants of those unfortunate cities had any say in determining the military policies of their leaders.
Truman may have had his own doubts about the morality of the decision, but in the end domestic political considerations won out over ethical concerns. Never mind about highfalutin' ethical principles, let's just get the job done: this sort of pragmatism is supposedly synonymous with the American Way. It was, however, a degeneration of the American character that only occurred at the turn of the century, after World War I, waves of immigration, and the vulgarization of the culture had already eroded the foundations of our old Republic. That such a barbaric act as the fiery immolation of two Japanese cities is, today, being justified and even celebrated in the US is proof positive of our advanced state of moral decadence.
The great horror is that this heinous deed was committed against Japan, a civilization as far removed from our own as the streets of New York are from the African savannas. It's at times like these that I tend to believe the wrong side won the war in the Pacific. Just think: if we all woke up one day living in some alternate history, as in Phillip K. Dick's The Man in the High Castle, our cultural malaise would disappear overnight. Instead of listening to the latest loutish lyrics of Eminem, American teenagers would be contemplating the subtle beauty of the Japanese tea ceremony. If contemporary Japan is any clue, the crime rate would be cut by 95 percent, and the literacy rate would skyrocket. Certainly everyone's manners would improve. All in all, life would be far more civilized, imbued with a gentility that would make the New York Post an impossibility.


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NATURAL DYED: Stone (Qtr Cut)
Regular price
Impression Natural Dyed VeneersImpression Veneers are also presenting to the architectural market a range of colours produced from Eucalyptus which has been dyed.The Eucalyptus veneer log is sourced from sustainable forests, sliced, graded, packed and shipped to Italy to be dyed using the worlds most advanced dyeing technology. In saying this,we have still been able to bring to the market a very inexpensive veneer that provides a very sophisticated look. This dyeing process fully impregnates the veneer throughout the whole width and thickness guaranteeing a more consistent colour blend for your finished project. These dyed veneers are generally slipped matched during the making of the veneer sheets, this avoids the stripy affect sometimes associated book-matching. Although slight variations may apply to different batch lots when dyeing, large projects using dyed veneers generally have a more uniform finish upon completion than natural veneers. These colours present an exciting range of options for your next project. Dyed veneers benefit from careful finishing and some lacquers and thinners can cause serious damage to the veneers. Please take time to read our information sheet. Impression Veneers range of veneer products are beautifully enhanced by a variety of lacquers and finishes. All timber products undergo supple changes over a period of time and the correct finish is vital to keep your project looking good well into the future. Many veneers are open grained and exhibit a roughness to the surface after polishing. A smooth finish is obtained by choking the grain and should be specified as "fully choked". Many veneers perform aesthetically better slip-matched rather than book-matched. We recommend that our straight grain recon products are slip-matched however the final decision will lay with the client. Depending on product placement, exposure to UV light can have a deteriorating effect on all veneer products and a high quality, 2 pack Acrylic-urethane, with non yellowing and UV inhibitors included is highly recommended in the sealer and top coats are highly recommended for this application. We recommend Fabricators test their coating products for suitability to the desired application regarding colour stability, wear, hardness and gloss level. As a general industry guide gloss levels can be described as
As any surface finish will change the colour and look of veneer products, we strongly recommend that a sample finished in the required gloss level is sought from your cabinetmaker and that fabrication tests are conducted to determine the colour change applicable to your individual project. Impression Veneers will acknowledge the inherent quality of its veneer products however discolouration due to excessive exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet light cannot be considered a defect. Impression Veneers may discontinue any product without notice at any time. Lengths available will range from 250cm -310cm and veneer structure will be quarter cut. |