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The prosecution rested its case today in the trial against Ghislaine Maxwell, the British socialite accused of assisting the financier Jeffrey Epstein in sexually exploiting minors.
When opening aruments began two weeks ago, the trial was predicted to last as long as 6 weeks. That timeline could now move up.
Here's the latest:
A fourth and final accuser takes the stand
The prosecution ended its case after the fourth accuser in the trial, Annie Farmer, took the stand. Farmer, who is the first accuser to use her real name rather than a pseudonym in court, said that in the 1990s, her sister, Maria, was an employee for Epstein in New York City. Maria was an aspiring artist who'd met Epstein at a show. He took an interest in helping her career, and eventually hired her to purchase art for him.
Annie Farmer told the jury that she met Epstein in 1995, and that he also took an interest in advancing her education. He offered to buy her a plane ticket to visit New York from Arizona.
It's a narrative the jury has heard repeatedly in this trial: all of the women who have taken the stand against Maxwell say she and Epstein initially expressed an interest in helping advance their education and careers, before redirecting their relationship toward sex.
Farmer says she and her sister reported Epstein's sexual abuse to the New York police and the FBI in 1996. Both sisters say there was no follow-up at the time.
Central in this case has been the concept of 'grooming': psychologically preparing someone for sexual abuse.
All four women who have testified so far say Maxwell facilitated Epstein's abuse, by creating trust (at least one woman described Maxwell as an older sister figure); creating a relaxed, jovial environment that became increasingly sexual; arranging visits; and even participating in the sexual abuse herself.
Several women also described being in life situations that made them especially vulnerable. One witness spoke of having recently lost a father; another had just moved and said she had few friends.
The infamous 'little black book'
One of the major points of curiosity in this case has been an address book filled with Jeffrey Epstein's contacts. Witnesses say this is where Epstein stored the names of the girls who gave him massages. Given the powerful and famous men in Epstein's social circle, this "little black book", as it's been referred to, has garnered intense interest from followers of the case.
Last week, witness Juan Alessi, Epstein's former house manager, said there were several such books around the house, with hundreds of names in each one. He said he frequently saw Maxwell using them to schedule massages for Epstein or to arrange visits from girls.
The defense has argued that there's no proof that all of those instances involved the same book.
On Thursday, U.S. District Judge Alison Nathan ruled that the book of contacts can be introduced in the trial. That doesn't mean the evidence will become public: in negotiations, the prosecution and defense have agreed that only excerpts of the book will be introduced.
What's Next?
The defense is expected to begin its case next week — the court says the trial will resume on Thursday. It remains an open question as to whether Maxwell will take the stand.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Product details
RM Men's RB Baseball Jersey
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subset: commoncrawl


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"I have heard that many have seen You. But actually none has known You, what You really are."
O Satguru, myriads upon myriads of people greet You and bow in obeisance at Your feet, but few recognize Your greatness in the measure in which You may choose to reveal. "Son knows the Father and those to whom the son may reveal."
He is a living embodiment of the Father of Light and it is only through His Grace that He manifests this Light of God in others. I shall now tell you what the Guru is. It is best to know of Him from some Gurumukh; that is, One who has become a mouthpiece of the Guru, for it is said, "A Prophet alone can recognize the Prophet."
All great Masters the world over have presented the same eternal Truth, each, of course, in His own inimitable way. They say that the Divine Power-of-God resides in every human heart, but the heart wherein it is manifested the most is worthy to be adored. A perfect living Master is an embodiment of the Power-of-God and, as such, He is much more then what He appears to be. He does live in this world but is not of this world, as the soul in Him is in tune with the infinite.
Nanak says, "0 Lalo, I do not speak anything on my own; but whatever I utter, I am inspired by Him."
Though physically He, like us, may look to be a denizen of this world, yet inwardly His soul is free from the shackles of mind and matter and is in perfect harmony with the universal life-principle. All great Masters bear testimony to this sublime Truth. Who can give us the tidings of God? Who can unite us with the living lifelines as provided by Him? Since He is peerless, self-created and the causeless cause, how can we possibly get to know Him and realize Him and with whose help? It may, therefore, be taken for granted that merely by our own manifold efforts, we cannot get near Him. If there is God, there must also be a God-way which, in turn, leads to the irresistible conclusion that there should be a Godman who has practised God and is competent enough to lead us on the God-path. Without such a human polestar, we cannot know of the Pole. It is just a plain talk. It does not involve any ratiocination nor is there any ambiguity about it. Sages and seers have always spoken in the third person for our guidance. "Kabir (speaking of Himself) says that He is conversant with tile Mysteries of the Beyond and has brought a message from the Most High."
My Master, Hazur Sawan Singh Ji, also was a messenger of God. If we were to hear directly from such Master-souls, we would get from Them sublime Truths illustrative of Their inner greatness. Once He said, "Whenever we come to this physical plane, we bring with us our own staff to work with us. When our work is finished on one side, we are deputed on to the other." You can well understand what this signifies. Similarly, all other Masters in the past have said the same thing.
The tenth Guru (Guru Gobind Singh) says, "Having become one with Him, I had no intention whatsoever to come back to this world; but willy nilly I was made to do so to fulfil the Divine purpose."
Christ also said the same thing. "I and my Father are one. He who has seen me, has seen the Father. Father knows the son and the son knows his Father."
Guru Arjan says, "The Father and son are dyed in the same colour. The Father and son have entered into a Divine partnership."
All Masters have given Their own version of the same thing. Shamas-i-Tabrez says, "0 people of the world, do not look at my tattered clothes; just try to peep into the innermost recesses of my mind, for then you will know of the vast Kingdom of God to which I belong. Do not take me as a poor mendicant or a helpless being like yourself . I am much more than what I appear to be and blessed with untold treasures of spiritual riches." Continuing in the some strain He says, "We may be likened to an experienced physician. We need not feel the pulse or test the urine of the ailing patients, but through their eyes we look deeply into the deep-rooted maladies of the mind. We have with us a panacea for all ills of life and freely dispense the same."
During my last tour in the USA, I happened to give a talk on Christmas Day. I told the congregation that Christ lived long before Jesus did. It is just 2,000 years ago when Jesus come into the world, but Christ Power was always there working for the spiritual welfare of the humanity at large. Significantly enough Christ remarked, "I am that I am." The Master-soul never dies. It is eternally present from end to end. The great Divine Power when manifested at some physical pole is known as the living Master. Just try to understand that Guru Power is nothing but the Power-of- God.
In the Gurbani it says, "He who is the ever-living God Power is called a Guru when It adopts some human-pole for working in this world."
"Satguru is the great immaculate Power; Do not mistake Him for the human-pole from which It works."
We find also in the Gurbani, "He grants us His own life-impulse and makes manifest the saving lifelines within. Who can do this? None but a polarized God on earth."
On the one hand there is the Absolute God, and on other is the Power-of-God or God-in-action; and unless the Power-of-God becomes manifest in us, we cannot possibly have a contact with God. As it is the living Master who can grant us this contact, His importance to begin with surpasses that of God Himself. Though the two are but one and the same, yet in finite terms, have to differentiate between the two.
One whose mind is pure and intellect is at rest will surely reflect the Light of God. We are to be worshippers of the Light of life, no matter to which social religion we owe allegiance. Every religion speaks of this Truth.
Shamas-i-Tabrez prays, "0 Master Divine, give me just a draught from the holy vintage which may bring peace to my lacerated heart. 0 Master give me that elixir of life which is not available even in paradise."
Bhikna declares, "He who knows does not speak out as it is not given to mortal imagination. It is a subject of seeing only. Those who speak out that they know, they really do not know."
"If after my death, manure were made of my body, and if that manure were scattered in a field of wheat, the cook and bearer of chapatis made there from will dance in ecstasy, and even the very oven will start emitting flames of love."
The Maulana has said this much, without telling us what will be the state of one who partakes of the food thus prepared, for that is ineffable.
The Path of the Masters is a straight one involving no physical yogic practices. He gives a direct contact with the strands of life within. This consists of linking the soul-currents with the Power-of-God in which we actually live, move about, and have our very being. It is a matter of direct inner perception quite apart from all kinds of reasoning, feeling, emotion, and inferential knowledge that are all fallible. Actual seeing is believing, leaving no place for scepticism. Guru Amardas came to this rich heritage at a fairly advanced age of seventy; and when He experienced God, He said,
"If one is fortunate enough, one may get in touch with a Master-of-Truth (Satguru) and get from Him communion with the Holy Word or contact with the inner Sound Principle, the Light of Life."
While philosophical treatises deal with the theoretical aspect of religions, the mysticism brings you face to face with the Divine Power-of-God.
Even small children can be attuned with the Light of God. Nothing is taken for granted and no make-believe is required. It is simply a direct and conscious contact with the God-into-Expression-Power within, the primal manifestation of Light and Sound Principles. Hazur was an adept both in the theory and practice of Surat Shabd yoga. In this modern age, this science started from Kabir and the Sikh Gurus, and, in turn, came to Tulsi Sahib of Hathras and on to Swami ji, Baba Jaimal Singh Ji, Hazur Sawan Singh Ji, and the same Power is now working through the living Master. It is Hazur's Divine Grace that everybody, without exception, is being blessed with inner experience of Light and Sound. It is indeed a Priceless Gift. Guru Nanak speaking of It said, "Nanak remains all the time in a state of continuous ecstasy."
I was talking to you of meditation and the natural question you would like to ask is, What should one meditate upon? One cannot meditate upon something one has not seen. In other words, how can we meditate on the Abstract and Absolute God? Contemplation is a dangerous thing. If you are lucky enough to get in touch with a perfect Master, then it may be well. But if perchance, and God forbid, your teacher is not competent to fulfil his promise and you contemplate on his form, you will be lost in the wilderness.
During the early days of my discipleship, I once questioned Hazur as to what one should fix one's attention on after the withdrawal of one's sensory currents. He smilingly replied, "We all the time usually think of our children, friends, and other worldly possessions. So where then is the harm to contemplate for some time on the form of a Sadh?"
In the Gurbani it states, "God Himself comes in the form of a Sadh."
After some time, when I once again questioned Hazur about dhyan (meditation), He lucidly explained, "When the Master initiates a person, He, in His radiant form, becomes a constant companion of the disciple. You may, while sitting for contemplation, think of His form or you may not; but when you will progress within, you are sure to meet Him there. The Guru, after all, is not a human being as one may generally take Him to be, but something much more than that; for in Him works the Power-of-God in Its plenitude for the benefit of humanity. He does not leave nor forsake His chosen souls till they are safely led to the true home of His Father. Fortunate are they who had the privilege to get holy communion or inner contact from Hazur Maharaj Ji. The contemplation of His holy form is all that is needed.
But herein comes another great obstacle. We can easily contemplate on any human form like our own, but it is not possible to visualize the form of a highly advanced soul like the Master's, which is one with the Divine. We may try to visualize His form within by thinking of His milk-white flowing beard, His radiant face, His turban, His tall stature, His regal gait, or anything else associated with Him; but it will be our make-believe and not the real form and hence of not much benefit. It is because of this that do not advise anybody to contemplate on any form, even of the Master, but to look straight ahead into the eye-focus and therein see intently whatever comes into view – light or darkness – and mentally repeat the charged Names very, very slowly, may be a intervals, so that the inner gaze is not disturbed. As the loving gaze will grow steadily in intensity, the Divine form of the Master (the radiant pole at which God is working) will appear of Itself within and begin to stay, at first momentarily and then for a longer time with the development of inner perception.
On initiation here in India, it generally happens that some 25 to 30 percent of the initiates do see within them the radiant form of the Master and of Hazur Maharaj, even those who had never met Him at all. The appearance within of the Master may, therefore, be left up to Him. It is His job. We can do nothing much in the matter. He is God in-man and knows best the level from where and how to work. He may come alone or along with His Master or any other benign soul, for They all are children of the Light of God.
Guru Arjan says, "The Gurudev (the radiant form of the Master) has opened my eyes (the inner eye) to see His Light. I have now no delusions and all my strivings have come to an end."
With the coming in of the radiant form of the Master, half the bhakti (Gurbhakti) is accomplished. We must, therefore, unceasingly pray to God to bring us to the Divine pole or the live switchboard where His power is fully manifest. The immutable law of demand and supply works equally at all levels. There is always food for the hungry and water for the thirsty. There are instances of lovingly devoted souls who get inner experience of the Master's form much before they actually come in contact with Him on the physical plane. In Pakistan there are still many persons who used to see the radiant form of Hazur though they had never met Him before. In my case, Hazur's lustrous form often visited me inside seven years before I actually met Him and got my initiation.
I was telling you that our prayers must spring from the bottom of our hearts. Frankly speaking, I did not favour the idea of having a Guru, though I knew that without a competent Guru one could not make headway in Spirituality. I was, however, afraid of the fake Gurus in which the world abounds. But how was I to find a true Master when there was a swarm of them and each held out high hopes and was ready to bless you for a pittance? So I used to pray earnestly, "0 God, grant me inner guidance in my quest." My humble prayer was granted and Hazur began revealing Himself to me and continued to do so for seven years before I was formally initiated. I did not know then who He was, and always took Him for Guru Nanak. I also composed some verses in praise of Him.
I was extremely fond of rivers. Wherever I happened to be, I would look for a stream nearby and find a solitary spot for my meditations. When I went to Lahore, I had river Ravi. And so it was at Jehlum. For hours together I would sit by the riverside absorbed in thought. While at Lahore it struck me to see Beas river. It was this lure of the flowing water that led me to Beas. It was a fine Sunday morning that I took a train for Beas. I inquired from the stationmaster at Beas the location of the river. Surprisingly enough, he asked me if I had come to visit the sage of Beas. I exclaimed as to whether there was any sage living there. He then told me of Hazur. Thus the visit to Beas was amply rewarded. It gave me an opportunity to see both the river Beas and to meet my Master-to-be.
On reaching Dera (colony), my surprise knew no bounds when I discovered in Hazur the likeness of the radiant form that had visited me in my meditations all these years. I imploringly inquired as to why He had delayed our meeting for such a long time. He, with a benignant smile, replied that that was the most opportune time for the meeting.
A competent Master reveals Himself even before initiation. There is hardly any need to conjure up any images while engaged in spiritual practices. The Master plants His own image at the time of initiation and His radiant form comes in of Its own when we completely get into the eye focus. The secret of success lies entering into the eye focus completely and entirely, and the real Master's form does come regardless of any invitation. This is comparatively easier and the most natural way of God-realization. Guru Bhakti is the surest way back home to God, but the Path is quite slippery as well.
When the end of Maulana Rumi approached near, He said, "Little doest thou know of the great King within me; See thou the radiance in this house of flesh and bones."
When a disciple rises to this level and becomes a Guru man, he becomes truly blessed. I have told you just two things that the Guru does: Firstly, He teaches that all the children of God should sit together, for this is the only way out for the entire human race to escape from the trials and tribulations of the world. Secondly, He gives us such a Divine wealth as cannot be had from anywhere else. It is, therefore, of supreme importance that while looking at the physical form of the Master, one should be conscious as well of the spiritual radiation emanating there from.
Maulana Rumi says, "0, Shamas-i-Tabrez, if I see somebody other than God in the mirror of Your face, I would be worse than a infidel."
To meet a real Master is to get closer to God, whereas to be away from Him is to be away from God. Whenever the Master come into the world, They do so to serve us with the Nectar of Life.
It is said, "The scriptures are useful to the Guru for teaching the masses. Without a living Master, we cannot even get the right import of the sacred books."
It is God alone who can lead us into Him. The Master the true lover of God and is competent to narrate the story of His Beloved.
Bhai Nandlal says, "Get hold of a perfect Master and follow His instructions fully, then shalt thou gain salvation even while engaged in worldly duties. God is with thee from eternity; Thou hath but to turn thy face unto Him."
We find in the Gurbani, "The teachings of the great Masters are the same for one and all. Listen ye to the direct testimony of the Saints for They speak of what They actually see with Their inner eyes."


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Secure your everyday cycling confidence and comfort in the essential urban pedal from LOOK. Geo City is a lightweight, upgradeable and affordable platform pedal but with all the style, quality and durability that's made LOOK pedals the champion's choice for decades, and the best out on the city streets today.
- Technology: Flat pedals
- Body: Composite
- Traction: Composite
- Spindle: Chromoly+
- Surface area: 110x107mm
- Weight (pedal): 165g
- Weight (pair): 330g
Part Numbers
Option | UPC | MPN |
Platform / Black | 03611720186980 | 24262 |


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Debt Relief Options
One of the best approaches to providing debt relief and positioning yourself for a the future. Consumer proposals are legally binding agreement with your creditors that puts a stop to wage garnishments and calls from debt collectors. It consolidates your debts, freezes interest charges and protects the assets you do have from seizure. Consumer proposals provides an agreement between you and your creditors for a payment over a period of time of a portion of what you owe and forgiveness of the balance of the debt you owe.
This is a voluntary agreement between you and the creditors to reduce your monthly payments to a more manageable about. An agreement is made with us who work with your creditors on your behalf to lower interest costs with creditors who participate. Typically there is no reduction in the total principal and this does not effect your credit.
If you have a good credit score but are overburden by debt payments you may qualify for a Consolidation Loan allowing you to pay off a number of unsecured debts and other liabilities by combining them into one larger debt with more favourable pay-off terms, lower interest rates and lower monthly payments.
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Canadian Financial Statistics
This is the average amount of credit card debt that each Canadian carries.
Canadians carry $22,000 in non-mortgage debt on average, according to Equifax, which includes credit cards, lines of credit and installment loans.
The household debt-to-income ratio now stands at 169.4, up 23 per cent from a decade ago, and on par with what the US saw at the peak of its housing bubble.
40 Years
Don't forget, a credit card balance of as 'little' as $6,000 can take more than 40 years to pay off if only the minimum payments are made.)


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Pyle offers this 2-way full range portable PA system to meet your audio needs. The PPHP158AI is loaded with music muscle including 15-inch subwoofer, digital amplifier, high efficiency mid-low woofer, 2 speakers, 35mm titanium dome horn driver, and titanium compression driver. You will definitely be heard --this system will broadcast your audio at an impressive 1400 watt peak power.
Play your favorite music or prerecorded audio when you insert your iPod or iPhone into the custom designed dock located on the rear of the unit. Your device even charges when connected to the unit!
USB flash and SD memory card slots allow you to play media quickly and easily. Import audio files from your computer's favorite media library like iTunes, plug it in and play it --it's that easy.
XLR and 1/4'' Mic Inputs, XLR Stereo RCA Line Input and XLR and 1/4'' Line Outputs located on the rear panel of the unit. Multiply your sound by connecting other amplifier systems if you really want a widespread broadcast.
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Connect the included microphone and make your voice heard. Relay messages to a crowd or play some music for them. Either way, your sounds will be heard.
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Wireless remote, microphone, microphone cable and power cord included.


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Tag: biggest widescreen
REVIEW: Philips Cinema 21:9 LCD TV
Short Version
Name: Philips Cinema 21:9
Type: 56″ superwidescreen LCD TV
- Dynamic contrast – 80,000:1
- Resolution – Full HD (2560 x 1080p)
- Response Time – 1ms
- Frame Rate – 200Hz
- Viewing Angle – 176º vertical and horizontal
- Connectivity – 4 x HDMI 1.3, 2 x Scart, USB, Ethernet, Wi-Fi 802.11g
- Speakers – 2 x subwoofers, 2 x dome tweeters
- Features – Net TV, Ambilight, Pixel Perfect Engine, Anti-reflective glass
How much does it cost?: £4,500
How much should it cost?: £3,500
Should I buy it?: The short answer is yes. It doesn't represent great value and the picture isn't as perfect as the money sounds but it's an awesome TV. You're paying the extra for the unique design and the swaggering step of an early adopter.
Long Version
First Impressions
This was one of those reviews that a blogger/journo gets very excited about. It's not everyday you get to take a private, close-up look at a potential game-changer – particularly in the TV world.
The first thing you notice is that it's big. It's really big, and it looks even bigger because it's such a long, narrow shape. Think carefully before you buy it because it takes a special room to accommodate it properly. A dedicated cinema room will probably be the home of the bulk of Philips Cinema 21:9s sold.
You get used to the shape in minutes and when you turn back to a standard widescreen, it'll look boxy as hell.
The Cinema 21:9 is just that. It's a cinema screen and once that's in you head, it's a very comfortable watch.
There's only one way to test out a cinema screen and that's with blockbuster Blu-rays. So, first up stuck on the beginning of I Am Legend for some fast paced action to test out the frame rate and response time and later the Dark Knight for the colour and light levels.
The level of detail of the picture you get is frightening. The expression of the Full HD resolution is unbelievably real, the edges of objects and actors so sharp that they almost seem to bend out at you as if in 3D. It's apparently an optical illusion or so I hear.
The second point about it is that some films almost look like they're home movies. Now, I know that sounds like a bad thing to say but it isn't. It's not a poor fuzzy picture quality I'm talking about. It's a stripped down Hollywood laid bare feel. There's little glossiness and softness left. Pictures are raw. Actors looks like real people in that way that Tyra Banks famously complained about High Definition. You can see every blemish and, on this TV, in such size. It takes a little getting used to but it's part of the whole wonder of the experience.
The 200Hz frame rate and 1ms response time are perfect. Not a blur, ghost nor judder in sight and nor would you expect one on such a premium panel. The hunting scene at the beginning of I Am Legend was spot on. I was right into the fast-paced chase from start to finish.
Again, the Dark Knight was a joy to behold but there were two problems that arose when watching this film. The first is that the Dark Knight is shot in both 16:9 and true cinema 21:9 which meant that from scene to scene the Philips auto screen size sensor would flip in and out to adjust to the correct size.
The idea of the 21:9 is, of course, that you don't get any black bars at the top and bottom of your picture. That's fine when something's shot in 21:9 but at other sizes, the sensor will fit the image to the screen sometimes with a very slight cropping of the image.
I didn't find the cropping a problem with 16:9. You really don't notice it, but it frustrates me to say that, at the time, I didn't think to try it out with a normal 4:3 television broadcast.
I'd be disappointed if Philips hadn't figured out an algorithm to make that work and, at the least, you can always watch TV without the sensor off and black bars to the left and right – big chunky ones might they be.
The other issue, and the reason it's always worth testing with gothic look films, is the black levels. This is the one real thorn in the side of the 21:9. They're not great. This isn't an LED TV, it's relatively tradiontal tube backlight technology and there is a degree of light spill when we're talking about such big bulbs.
It's not something you'd nornally have a problem with but in dark scenes, of which there are many in Batman films, the blacks tend to look a little unform and flat. You could see the folds on Comissioner Gordon's dark suit on the nighttime roof tops when you know that they should be there. It's a bit of a shame but it won't ruin your experience.
The best, and most Philipsy, feature of this set is the Ambilight Spectra 3 system. For those unfamiliar, it's a system of LEDs at the back of the panel that projects the colour of whatever it is you're watching onto the wall behind. Philips says it extends the picture. I'm not sure about that but it is a really cool effect and I'd opt for a TV with an Ambilight if you can. It really brings a sense of atmosphere.
The anti-reflection glass and the eight-day EPG are worth a mention while we're here. The former works. There's not a lot more you can say about it. I was never aware of a reflection problem. No glare at all. The latter is smooth, clear and well implemented.
The whole menu system on the Cinema 21:9 is in line with the same house style of all Philips products. There's a Symbiam 60ness about it. It's straighfoward and easy to navigate around all the menus of the set and it's largely icon based; on the friendly side but without going too far into the relams of cartoon. You've paid too much money for this to look childish.
The last point I'll mention is the sound. Now, it's unlikely that anyone buying this TV isn't going to go the whole hog and invest some more cash in a proper home cinema set up, but if your amp goes on the fritz or your surround sound speakers pop, you'll be perfectly happpy with what the Cinema 21:9 can offer while you get it all fixed. It's got good clear top end and nice, rich, heart-pounding base.
There's no two ways about it. The Philips Cinema 21:9 is a great TV. The picture is excellent apart from the blacks issue and if it weren't for that I'd call it a must. All the same, what you're buying into is something altogether unique. No one else you know is going to have anything like this, at least not for another year and half.
The time will come when more manufacturers make their own version of this orginal cinema shape and when that time comes there'll be better panels and cheapers ones too. Philips themselves will doubtless improve on what they've already done. But until that time, you're going to have to pay a premium for this luxury item and, for now, that premiums worth it – even if the picture does have its faults.
Philips Cinema 21:9 Video Preview


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An emergency alert was mistakenly sent to residents of Hawaii Saturday that told people to seek immediate shelter.
Screenshots bouncing around social media show alerts reading, in all caps "BALLISTIC MISSILE INBOUND TO HAWAII. SEEK IMMEDIATE SHELTER. THIS IS NOT A DRILL."
The messages appear to have been sent on Apple's emergency message system.
Hawaii EMA sent a correction notification at 1:45 ET, 38 minutes after sending out its initial message.
Hawaii EMA has sent a correction for their false alarm about a ballistic missile. pic.twitter.com/gsT7Lvcj7r
— Alex Hider (@alexhider) January 13, 2018
The alerts were sent through mobile push alerts and TV alerts. Reports from the island indicate that alert sirens did not go off.
Hawaii Rep. Tulsi Gabbard was among the first to confirm on Twitter that the alert was mistakenly sent out, and there was no threat of a missile.
HAWAII - THIS IS A FALSE ALARM. THERE IS NO INCOMING MISSILE TO HAWAII. I HAVE CONFIRMED WITH OFFICIALS THERE IS NO INCOMING MISSILE. pic.twitter.com/DxfTXIDOQs
— Tulsi Gabbard (@TulsiGabbard) January 13, 2018
The message was sent amid heightened nuclear tensions between the United States and North Korea.
Hawaii Gov. David Ige told CNN that human error caused the alert to go out.
"It was a mistake made during a standard procedure at the change over of a shift, and an employee pushed the wrong button," he said.
The warning went out to television and radio as well as cell phones, Ige added.
The governor's remarks come after Hawaii Emergency Management Agency Administrator Vern Miyagi headed to the agency's 24-hour operations center to find out why the false alert was sent out, according to an email to CNN.
"The warning was a mistake," Miyagi said.
A second emergency alert was sent to phones in Hawaii 38 minutes after the initial message confirming the false alarm.
Officials in Hawaii have maintained the alert was a mistake, but the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) told KMGH that the message was "possibly a hack" or a "very sick joke." NORAD added it was going to look into "how that alert came about or how it stated."
FCC chairman Ajit Pai says his agency will also investigate how the alert message was sent.
NO missile threat to Hawaii.
— Hawaii EMA (@Hawaii_EMA) January 13, 2018
Commander David Benham, a spokesman for US Pacific Command confirmed in a statement that there is no threat: "USPACOM has detected no ballistic missile threat to Hawaii," the statement read. "Earlier message was sent in error. State of Hawaii will send out a correction message as soon as possible."
White House spokesperson Lindsay Walters referred all questions about the alert to the Department of Defense.
Hawaii Sen. Brian Schatz also took to Twitter on Saturday in the wake of the false alarm.
"There is no missile threat," the Democratic senator tweeted. "It was a false alarm based on a human error. There is nothing more important to Hawaii than professionalizing and fool-proofing this process."
Hawaii Democratic Sen. Mazie Hirono echoed that point in her own tweet.
"At a time of heightened tensions, we need to make sure all information released to community is accurate," she wrote. "We need to get to the bottom of what happened and make sure it never happens again."


text:
I am Walking for Water, so others don't have to. Every day millions of people around the world have to walk miles and miles just for water. Most of the time, the water they can find is contaminated and makes them sick. I am excited to join the 2022 Walk for Water-Beaufort Co. because Water Mission is changing lives, one community at a time, through their sustainable safe water solutions.
Each dollar raised will help bring access to safe water and sanitation solutions to the 2.2 billion people who still suffer under the global water crisis. Won't you consider making a donation to support this work?
Thank you so much for your support and I hope you will walk with us too!


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Titian is an analog compressor-limiter with a very large range of color and control choices with recall. The main audio path is a discrete class A design. Resetability is attained by using stepped controls and encoders that have their values displayed on Titian's color LCD display. Titian is a digitally controlled analog device in design with a very high speed dsp side chain that allows the design to push the limits beyond what is possible in the design of an analog side chain.
The compressor-limiter controls are the normal; Threshold, Attack, Release, Shape, Bypass-In-Link, Meter Select, and make up Gain. These controls have their settings displayed on a color LCD display. The Shape control shows the knee of the compressor. With the knee characteristic being graphically drawn on the LCD to allow the user to see the knee's shape. The graphical display updates with the changing of the Threshold and Shape controls. When stereo linked the unit selected as control master will control all functions on the second channel.
In addition there are controls that can provide color choices;
The VCA COLOR control provides a mix between a very clean PWM gain control device and a vintage gain control element. The vintage gain control element is a diode type compressor circuit. There are 16 steps in the cross fade-mix control for a wide range in choices
The PARALLEL MIX control blends the unprocessed audio with the compressed audio, a parallel compression function. There are 16 steps in the cross fade-mix control for a wide range in choices.
The DYNAMIC COLOR control is a control that provides harmonic content that is opposite in nature of the harmonic content that the vintage gain control element generates. The effect of the Dynamic Color control can be described as making the sound "bigger". This function has 16 steps to provide a wide range of sonic control.
The FAT – AIR switch that will add air or fatness to the compressed audio
Titan is a single rack space 100 to 240 Volt switchable 50, 60 Hz


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Joachim (Phoropoulos) of Pelagonia
His Eminence Joachim (Phoropoulos), Metropolitan of Pelagonia ((Greek)
- Ιωακείμ Φορόπουλος, (Bulgarian)
Йоаким Форопулос), b.1859 - 1909, was one of the most learned of the Constantinopolitan hierarchs of his time and a member of the Holy Synod of Constantinople.
Bishop Joachim was born in 1859 on Chios.[1]
Following graduation from the Patriarchal Theological School of Halki, he was sent for advanced studies to Europe, studying for two years at Oxford and four years in Germany, where he received his doctorate in theology and philosophy. That Phoropoulos went to Oxford was unusual for his time. Most clergymen of the Ecumenical Patriarchate did their advanced studies then in Russian Theological Academies or German Universities. He was one of the few members of the hierarchy who had a knowledge of the English language.
On October 29, 1903, the Bulgarian revolutionary Nahum Petrov, an activist of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO), unsuccessfully tried to assassinate Bishop Joachim of Pelagonia.
Baptism and Ordination of Fr. Raphael Morgan
In 1907 Patriarch Joachim III referred the matter of the Baptism and Ordination of Robert Josias Morgan (Fr. Raphael Morgan) to Metropolitan Joachim for his report. Robert Morgan had been sent from America with two documents of support from the Greek Orthodox Community of Philadelphia, recommending that he be baptized and ordained into the priesthood. Metropolitan Joachim examined Robert, noting that he had a "deep knowledge of the teachings of the Orthodox Church", and that he also had a certificate from the President of the Methodist Community, duly notarized, stating that he was a man "of high calling and of a religious life". Metropolitan Joachim recommended that, according to the Biblical exhortation "...the one who comes to Me I will certainly not cast out" (John 6:37), that Robert be received. In early August 1907 before some 3000 people, Metropolitan Joachim officiated at Robert's baptism, who received the name "Raphael". Subsequently on August 12 he ordained Fr. Raphael to the diaconate, and on August 15, 1907, the feast of the Dormition of the Theotokos, to the priesthood.
Joachim (Phoropoulos) of Pelagonia
| ||
Preceded by: Leontios (Eleutheriadis) |
Metropolitan of Melenik 1901-1903 |
Succeeded by: Irenaios (Pantoleontos)
Preceded by: Ambrosios (Stavrianos) |
Metropolitan of Pelagonia[2] 1903-1909 |
Succeeded by: Basil (Georgiadis) |
See also
- (Bulgarian)
Йоаким Форопулос. Bulgarian Wikipedia.
- (Bulgarian)
Мелнишка епархия. Bulgarian Wikipedia.
- (Bulgarian)
Преспанско-пелагонийска епархия. Bulgarian Wikipedia.
- ↑ Ioakeim, bishop Pelagonias. Institute for Neohellenic Research - INR (Pandektis). Retrieved: 2013-04-13.
- ↑ Kriste Pitoski. "The Activities of the Bishopric of Pelagonia 1878-1912." Skopje 1968.
- Manolis, Paul G. Raphael (Robert) Morgan: The First Black Orthodox Priest in America. Theologia: Epistēmonikon Periodikon Ekdidomenon Kata Trimēnian. (En Athenais: Vraveion Akadēmias Athēnōn), 1981, vol.52, no.3, pp.464-480. ISSN: 1105-154X
Categories > Organizations > Educational Institutions
Categories > Organizations > Seminaries > Theological School of Halki Graduates
Categories > People
Categories > People > Clergy > Bishops
Categories > People > Clergy > Bishops > Bishops by century > 20th-century bishops
Categories > People > Clergy > Bishops > Bishops by city > Bishops of Pelagonia


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Krunker hacks -Hacks for your Gaming Detailed Krunker.io
Krunker hacks – As a well-known online game, there always is a chance that hackers are trying to tamper with it, decreasing its performance, making it more advantageous to themselves and making players quit the game ultimately. Media will make people believe that it is not that serious when it comes to risks playing games online, there are currently 700 million gamers who use the internet to play games according to 'bobsbusiness.co.uk' for hacks for krunker.io you can get here in detail. We cannot eliminate the possibility of hackers using tools to win and get the game to work for their advantage.
It is basically a one-person game, played by a single person. Along with krunker.io hacks aimbot, anyone can shoot the opposite players or enemies very easily in the game. And by playing more players you can earn as many points as you can. The speed hack feature also provides you with many other useful features. Features like aimbot, no fire limit, fast healer, auto-reload, firebot, auto-aim etc.
Also Read : Minecraft Hacks
Introduction to Krunker.io.
A new FPS (first-person shooter) game is getting quite the attention of gamers all around the world, called "Krunker.io hacks". Created by Yendis Entertainment, it has a Call of Duty style fps with an environment similar to' Minecraft' or 'Roblox'. Being a free to play game, players from all over the world can join free and its clunky graphics and fast-paced shooting experience are addictive and fun. It is loaded with features like chatting with strangers, browser ready experience and no need for downloading.
It can be played in a total of 19 modes after the update version 2.5.9. Few of the favourite modes around the world are discussed, The modes are Free for All (FFA), this mode is pretty standard where everyone is against each other and the player with the most point wins, Krunker hacks Team Deathmatch (TDM) players are divided into two teams and points are based on who can kill most of the other team members, the team with most points win the game, Capture The Flag (CTF) the main objective is to steal the flag from the enemy area and bring it to the team's flag base. A flag cannot be captured if it's stolen by other enemies and it will stay at the spawning point until the player or other teammates touch it. It can be run on platforms like ios, Android, Linux, Microsoft Windows, macOS and Macintosh operating systems etc.
There are many different and specific features with will help you earn many points. You should always use the right browser to use this kind of plugin.
Read More : Mafia 2 Cheats
Features of krunker hacks
1. Aimbot
It includes various ranges like triggerbot, hip fire, manual, quickscoper. The game is mostly hacked during playing in a browser using user scripts. User scripts give full control of the browsing experience. Once installed it makes the sites better by adding various features, the bad thing about it is that it can be used by a hacker to write scripts and use in their ways. Usually, hackers use script manager like 'Taper monkey', 'Violent monkey' or 'Grease monkey' to rewrite, it's needed need to inject the script into 'Klunker'. Many websites give scripts and script injectors. First an extension named 'Taper monkey' is added to the browser and different scripts are added through it. On different websites, there are numerous scripts made daily and uploaded for cheating. These hacks have different features as discussed further.
Aim bot', otherwise known as 'trigger bot'. This particular feature is well known around the hacking world, it helps to spot other players' positions in the game without visibly being in front of them, it makes it so easy to win the game and leave other players frustrated for finding good hacks for your lastest krunker game. Even cheaters can shoot the players through the wall and they won't even get a chance to win and destroy the whole aesthetics of the game, it has another name as 'Quick scope' for this particular reason. It can work from various ranges and get the target no matter how far or near it is.
2. Player tracers
Player Tracers, when in a shooting game players run around the map, it is hard to put them into the corsairs and shoot. One needs to practice to attain such skill, but with the help of cheat scripts and Krunker hacks, mouse pointers automatically move and stay on the target and make it impossible to dodge its attacks. This hack makes the game pointless and robs the fun away from players.
3. Player ESP
Player ESP, this hack is known as 'Wall hack' also, sometimes a silhouette or a box showed on screen, informing the player's position and makes it easier to spot them and know their strategy to use against them. Many players suffer from this particular krunker hack and sometimes leave the game entirely for it. It comes in various colours, full, outline only, aka. Wallhack.
Also Read : Roblux Hacks
4. BHop
BHop, otherwise known as 'Bunny Hop'. Running and jumping together in the game creates a faster movement and makes it harder to hit the target but using bunny hop is very challenging and takes practice to master. But with a hit of a single button player can easily achieve that feature using hacks and makes somewhat flustering to play the game. It can be used in two modes, automatic and manual.
5. Speed hack
Speed Hack, this feature makes the player move fast in the game, nearly unseen the hackers in krunkers can use this advantage to tamper with the match and try to win it unethically.
6. No Recoil
There is a feature of anti-recoil in krunker hacks that is only applied through opting right weapons. By using either weapon AI or a weapon setup. Attachments can change the pattern of recoil that will decrease the accuracy and efficiency of a particular anti-recoil. While shooting a gun in the Krunker hacks game players feel a kickback from it as the corsairs move erratically around the target, showing realism as to how a gun should work. But this hack disables it and makes the gun steady on the target makes it somewhat easier to aim.
7. Auto Respawn
Auto respawn, players can resurrect themselves anywhere at any point in the game and move about the map on their will. It can confuse the players by the sudden position changes of the enemies.
8. Auto Weapon Swap
Auto Weapon Swap, is used for switching weapons automatically during a match. Battle during matches can give players to panic, as result they forget to switch weapons when one's ammo is finished. For the reason to make it easier for players, scripts were created to do this automatically for them.
Players are working to make it a better game. The hacks in Klunker Police Department is an anti-cheat system run by players and was created during update version 2.9.1. This system can tag a hacker if they find one in the lobby during any game session. People are working tirelessly to make this game even more popular than it is and fair to play with strong anti-cheat systems. Even there is a 'vote kick' menu or player list, can be opened anytime and banish eligible hackers. Further features of krunker hacks can be auto-reload, no fire, fast healer etc.


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There are several reasons that the Android operating system created by Google has not had great acceptance in the business world. These reasons are both company-based and technology-based, so it is not an issue of either the technology or company being solely responsible for this reality.
Google Makes Android Relevant
The recent announcement of Google's upgrading of its mobile operating system parallels that of its competitor Apple's announcement of its own iOS 8 release. The message being sent is that Google is now taking its Android operating system more seriously, and with that step there looms a battle for the business market share of smartphones between the two companies.
One of the glaring weaknesses that have made companies run from Android and into the arms of iOS is the complete apathy of Android owners towards security – a must-have for any business. Android primarily is owned by individual users where insufficient security is usually a complaint but does not cost them meaningful dollars. Google fixed this immediately by making encrypted security a default setting with the new Android L. This step and the recent acquisition of several security companies is sending a message that Google is serious about Android security.
Android Insecurities
Despite these actions, businesses are still wary of integrating Android as a business solution. One reason is that the OS has an uneasy tendency to be vulnerable to malware attacks, much like the Windows devices are. Another issue is cross platform compatibility, which is iffy at best.
What is equally troubling to businesses is the woefully small number of apps available for the operating system. This is in part due to Google convincing Android users that apps can be free and high performing at the same time. It is not that Android does not have any apps at all, but those that do exist have not been the result of extensive developer investment. Contrast that to Apple who has their iWork version for iPhone and the nervousness of business is justified.
A Core Foundation Trumps Customization
Businesses would be more likely to accept Android if the company shifted its emphasis to being manufacturer friendly to business friendly. Manufacturers such as Samsung and HTC customized the operating system with their own services – and had Google's blessing to do it. That has changed, with Google now placing greater restrictions on the customer services manufacturers can include while bringing in more of its own services as the foundational package. This step will offer a consistency that businesses and developers can work with.
The Conventional Wisdom
A common line of reasoning about Android L is that by Google making these changes in product and attitude, businesses will be more willing to introduce their company to Android as a viable business alternative. But in many businesses, change does not come easy and there is already an established base of iOS in many companies. Cost is always a consideration, but security and reliability are trusts that are earned over time. Whatever the reasons for Android's isolation from business, being received warmly is not a given.
Another factor is time. While there may be some truth that developers investing in a serious Android makeover, it will take years to catch up with the apps already available on the iOS platform. During this time Apple is not likely to stand still. Add to this the possible blowback from Android's key manufacturers who now have to live with a more restricted development environment, and Google may find that, like its Google Plus social media ad-venture, users are too connected and have already established their connections with friends and family to change horses in midstream.


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Little Earth
Mississippi State University Super-Duty Camo Tote
The Super-Duty Camo Tote from Littlearth is the perfect way to haul your game day gear! With a large storage capacity, durable straps, and a front pocket for additional storage, you can fit all of your essentials. Comes patterned in your teams colors with a large team logo on front pocket.
- Officially licensed
- 100% Polyester
- 12 inch drop shoulder straps
- Heavy duty material
- Water resistant lining
- Front storage pocket
- 16.5 inches long, 9 inches wide, and 15 inches deep


text:
V češtině není k dispozici.
David Vestin
- 30 November 2007
- WORKING PAPER SERIES - No. 832Details
- Abstract
- We show that microfounded DSGE models with nominal rigidities can be successful in replicating features of bond yield data which have previously been considered puzzling in general equilibrium frameworks. Consistent with empirical evidence, we obtain average holding period returns that are positive, increasing in maturity and sizable, as well as long-maturity bond yields that are almost as volatile as short-term interest rates. At the same time, we are able to fit sample moments of consumption and inflation relatively well. To improve our understanding of these results, we derive analytical solutions for yields that are valid up to a second order approximation and generally applicable, We demonstrate that the improved model performance does not arise directly from the presence of nominal rigidities: ceteris paribus, the introduction of sticky-prices in a simple model tend to reduce premia. Sticky prices help indirectly because they imply (short-run) monetary non-neutrality, so that the policy rule followed by the central bank affects consumption dynamics and the pricing of yields. A very high degree of "interest rate smoothing" in the policy rule is essential for our results.
- JEL Code
- E43 : Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics→Money and Interest Rates→Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
E44 : Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics→Money and Interest Rates→Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
- 23 October 2007
- WORKING PAPER SERIES - No. 818Details
- Abstract
- In the paper, we provide a critical and selective survey of arguments relevant for the assessment of the case for price level path stability (PLPS). Using a standard hybrid new Keynesian model we argue that price level stability provides a natural framework for monetary policy under commitment. There are two main arguments in favour of a PLPS regime. First, it helps overall macroeconomic stability by making expectations operate like automatic stabilizers. Second, under a price level path stability regime, changes in the price level operate like an intertemporal adjustment mechanism, reducing the magnitude of required changes in nominal interest rates. Such a property is particularly relevant as a means to alleviate the importance of the zero bound on nominal interest rates. We also review and discuss the arguments against price level path stability. Finally, we also found, using the Smets and Wouters (2003) model which includes a wide variety of frictions and is estimated for the euro area, that the price level is stationary under optimal policy under commitment. The results obtain when the quasi-difference of inflation is used in the loss function, as in the hybrid new Keynesian model. Overall, the arguments in favour of or against price level path stability depend on the degree of dependence of private sector expectations on the characteristics of the monetary policy regime.
- JEL Code
- E52 : Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics→Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit→Monetary Policy
D83 : Microeconomics→Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty→Search, Learning, Information and Knowledge, Communication, Belief
- 28 June 2007
- WORKING PAPER SERIES - No. 770Details
- Abstract
- This paper compares the welfare implications of two widely used pricing assumptions in the New-Keynesian literature: Calvo-pricing vs. Rotemberg-pricing. We show that despite the strong similarities between the two assumptions to a first order of approximation, in general they might entail different welfare costs at higher order of approximation. In the special case of non-distorted steady state, the two pricing assumptions imply identical welfare losses to a second order of approximation.
- JEL Code
- E3 : Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics→Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles
E5 : Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics→Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
- 26 June 2006
- WORKING PAPER SERIES - No. 644Details
- Abstract
- We show that, when private sector expectations are determined in line with adaptive learning, optimal policy responds persistently to cost-push shocks. The optimal response is stronger and more persistent, the higher is the initial level of perceived inflation persistence by the private sector. Such a sophisticated policy reduces inflation persistence and inflation volatility at little cost in terms of output gap volatility. Persistent responses to cost-push shocks and stability of inflation expectations resemble optimal policy under commitment and rational expectations. Nevertheless, it is clear that the mechanism at play is very different. In the case of commitment it relies on expectations of future policy actions affecting inflation expectations; in the case of sophisticated central banking it relies on the reduction in the estimated inflation persistence parameter based on inflation data generated by shocks and policy responses.
- JEL Code
- E52 : Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics→Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit→Monetary Policy
- 7 November 2004
- WORKING PAPER SERIES - No. 405Details
- Abstract
- We construct and estimate a joint model of macroeconomic and yield curve dynamics. A small-scale rational expectations model describes the macroeconomy. Bond yields are affine functions of the state variables of the macromodel, and are derived assuming absence of arbitrage opportunities and a flexible price of risk specification. While maintaining the tractability of the affine set-up, our approach provides a way to interpret yield dynamics in terms of macroeconomic fundamentals; time-varying risk premia, in particular, are associated with the fundamental sources of risk in the economy. In an application to German data, the model is able to capture the salient features of the term structure of interest rates and its forecasting performance is often superior to that of the best available models based on latent factors. The model has also considerable success in accounting for features of the data that represent a puzzle for the expectations hypothesis.
- JEL Code
- E43 : Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics→Money and Interest Rates→Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
E44 : Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics→Money and Interest Rates→Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
E47 : Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics→Money and Interest Rates→Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
Annexes- 9 November 2004
- 1 September 2003
- WORKING PAPER SERIES - No. 274Details
- Abstract
- This paper examines differences between risk-neutral and objective probability densities of future interest rates. The identification and quantification of these differences are important when risk-neutral densities (RNDs), such as option-implied RNDs, are used as indicators of actual beliefs of investors. We employ a multi-factor essentially affine modeling framework applied to German time-series and cross-section term structure data in order to identify both the risk-neutral and the objective term structure dynamics. We find important differences between risk-neutral and objective distributions due to risk premia in bond prices. Moreover, the estimated premia vary over time in a quantitatively significant way, which implies that the differences between the objective and the risk-neutral distributions also vary over time. We conclude that one should be cautious in interpreting RNDs as representing the true expectations of market participants. The method used in this paper provides an alternative approach to identifying probabilities of future interest rates.
- JEL Code
- G12 : Financial Economics→General Financial Markets→Asset Pricing, Trading Volume, Bond Interest Rates
E43 : Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics→Money and Interest Rates→Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects


text:
...one of the most highly
regarded and expertly designed C++ library projects in the
— Herb Sutter and Andrei
Alexandrescu, C++
Coding Standards
Create a visitor that throws an exception when you want to cut off the search, then put your call to breadth_first_search inside of an appropriate try/catch block. This strikes many programmers as a misuse of exceptions, however, much thought was put into the decision to have exceptions has the preferred way to exit early. See boost email discussions for more details.
One of the usage scenarios that we wanted to support with the algorithms was creating visitor objects on the fly, within the argument list of the call to the graph algorithm. In this situation, the visitor object is a temporary object. Now there is a truly unfortunate rule in the C++ standard that says a temporary cannot be bound to a non-const reference parameter. So we had to decide whether we wanted to support this kind of usage and call-by-value, or not and call-by-reference. We chose call-by-value, following in the footsteps of the STL (which passes functors by value). The disadvantage of this decision is that if your visitor contains state and changes that state during the algorithm, the change will be made to a copy of the visitor object, not the visitor object passed in. Therefore you may want the visitor to hold this state by pointer or reference.
For the most part, the differences between member functions and free functions are syntactic, and not very important, though people can get religious about them. However, we had one technical reason for favoring free functions. A programmer can overload a free function for a type coming from a 3rd party without modifying the source code/definition of that type. There are several uses of this in the BGL. For example, Stanford GraphBase and LEDA graphs can both be used in BGL algorithms because of overloads in stanford_graph.hpp and leda_graph.hpp. One can even use std::vector<std::list> as a graph due to the overloads in vector_as_graph.hpp.
Of course, there is a way to adapt 3rd party classes into an interface with member functions. You create an adaptor class. However, the disadvantage of an adaptor class (compared to overloaded functions) is that one has to physically wrap and unwrap the objects as they go into/out of BGL algorithms. So the overloaded function route is more convenient. Granted, this is not a huge difference, but since there weren't other strong reasons, it was enough for us to choose free functions.
Our religious reason for choosing free functions is to send the message that BGL is a generic library, and not a traditional object-oriented library. OO was hip in the 80s and 90s, but its time we moved beyond!
The example ordered_out_edges.cpp shows how to do this.
// specify the graph type typedef adjacency_list<listS, listS, undirectedS, property<vertex_index_t, std::size_t>, no_property > graph_t; // construct a graph object graph_t G(num_nodes); // obtain a property map for the vertex_index property property_map<graph_t, vertex_index_t>::type index = get(vertex_index, G); // initialize the vertex_index property values graph_traits<graph_t>::vertex_iterator vi, vend; graph_traits<graph_t>::vertices_size_type cnt = 0; for(boost::tie(vi,vend) = vertices(G); vi != vend; ++vi) put(index, *vi, cnt++);
../../../boost/concept_check.hpp:209: no match for `boost::detail::error_property_not_found & == boost::detail::error_property_not_found &'or a message such as:
../../..\boost/graph/depth_first_search.hpp(78) : error C2664: 'white' : cannot convert parameter 1 from 'struct boost::detail::error_property_not_found' to 'enum boost::default_color_type'The reason is that the algorithm expected to find some property (like color or weight) attached to the vertices or edges of the graph, but didn't find it. You need to either add an interior property to the graph, or create an exterior property map for the property and pass it as an argument to the algorithm.


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The contents of the following post was written over a year ago for an in-house publication. Hence, the tone of the post is different from that of the rest. And since we are more enamoured by American economists these days, this is a timely post, which talks of one of the many great economists India has seen.
V K R V Rao founded Delhi School of Economics (DSE), Institute of Economic Growth (IEG) and Institute for Social and Economic Change (ISEC). These institutions were established so as to impart economics education in India, which would compete with world-famous institutes like LSE, Cambridge, etc. He was also instrumental in establishing the Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR). Apart from establishing these institutes, Rao also served in various administrative positions – Planning Commission Member, Union Cabinet Minister first for Shipping and Transport and then Education and Youth Services. For the services rendered, he was awarded Padma Vibhushan in 1974.
Rao completed his Master's in economics from Bombay University, where he worked on the taxation of income in India for his Master's thesis. He then moved on to Cambridge to pursue his PhD, where he became a student of Keynes. For Rao, economics was a social science that would aid in improving the human condition. In Cambridge, he discovered that the tools of government intervention could aid in fulfilling the objective of economic as well as social betterment. And it was Colin Clark who stimulated his interest in statistical demography and national income accounting. However, as Shigeto Tsuru points out in his review of Reflections on Economic Development and Social Change: Essays in Honour of Professor V K R V Rao by C H Hanumantha Rao and P C Joshi published in 1979, Rao had insisted that 'the blind application of Keynesian formulae to the problems of economic development has inflicted considerable injury on the economies of underdeveloped countries.' For Rao, economic theory was only a servant of economic policy.
There are three published works by V K R V Rao on national income – An Essay on India's National Income 1925-29 (1936); The National Income of British India (1940) and India's National Income 1950-80 (1983). Though V K R V Rao has published on various aspects of economics, his work on India's National Income is of special interest. This is because of a variety of reasons. Austin Robinson provides one such reason: 'I myself remember Rao as the brilliant Cambridge undergraduate and research student of almost fifty years ago, who single-handed tackled the almost impossible task of estimating the Indian national income at a time when hardly a single ingredient was known and even guesses involved heroic despatch of countless questionnaires to every corner of India to establish, for example, the milk-yields of she-buffaloes or the average earnings of village barbers.' An analysis of economic growth and change is possible by studying the National Accounts Statistics (NAS), as Rao has demonstrated in his 1983 book.
Despite the limitations of NAS in India, Rao is able to meaningfully explain the changing structure of the economy through the relative shares of agriculture, industry and services in the gross domestic product (GDP). In addition, he calculates the implicit price deflator so as to understand how much of GDP increase is on account of price rise. Also, implicit price deflators are constructed for the three major sectors to find out how each sector has performed vis-a-vis the others. Savings, capital formation and consumption are also dealt with in detail. V M Dandekar has hailed his 1983 book as 'a model of scholarship and objectivity particularly coming from one who, during the period, was in the thick of making and implementing policies and programmes for economic development of the country.'
Thus, V K R V Rao was a model economist ' a practical man who was well aware of various theories and their limitations in applicability to India. And because he wanted to use economics for policy purposes, he was committed to extensive data collection and data analysis. Also, he was clear that, in practice, economics must interact with other social sciences, especially sociology and anthropology. This is evident from the name of the institute he founded in Bengalooru ' Institute for Social and Economic Change.


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By using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study the brains of infants who have older siblings with autism, scientists were able to correctly identify 80 percent of the babies who would be subsequently diagnosed with autism at 2 years of age.
Researchers from the University of Washington were part of a North American effort led by the University of North Carolina to use MRI to measure the brains of "low-risk" infants, with no family history of autism, and "high-risk" infants who had at least one autistic older sibling. A computer algorithm was then used to predict autism before clinically diagnosable behaviors set in. The study was published Feb. 15 in the journal Nature.
This is the first study to show that it is possible to use brain biomarkers to identify which infants in a high-risk pool — that is, those having an older sibling with autism — will be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, or ASD, at 24 months of age.
Annette Estes, left, plays with a child at the UW Autism Center.Kathryn Sauber
"Typically, the earliest we can reliably diagnose autism in a child is age 2, when there are consistent behavioral symptoms, and due to health access disparities the average age of diagnosis in the U.S. is actually age 4," said co-author and UW professor of speech and hearing sciences Annette Estes, who is also director of the UW Autism Center and a research affiliate at the UW Center on Human Development and Disability, or CHDD. "But in our study, brain imaging biomarkers at 6 and 12 months were able to identify babies who would be later diagnosed with ASD."
The predictive power of the team's findings may inform the development of a diagnostic tool for ASD that could be used in the first year of life, before behavioral symptoms have emerged.
"We don't have such a tool yet," said Estes. "But if we did, parents of high-risk infants wouldn't need to wait for a diagnosis of ASD at 2, 3 or even 4 years and researchers could start developing interventions to prevent these children from falling behind in social and communication skills."
People with ASD — which includes 3 million people in the United States — have characteristic social communication deficits and demonstrate a range of ritualistic, repetitive and stereotyped behaviors. In the United States, it is estimated that up to one out of 68 babies develops autism. But for infants with an autistic older sibling, the risk may be as high as one out of every five births.
This research project included hundreds of children from across the country and was led by researchers at four clinical sites across the United States: the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, UW, Washington University in St. Louis and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Other key collaborators are at the Montreal Neurological Institute, the University of Alberta and New York University.
Stephen Dager.Marie-Anne Domsalla
"We have wonderful, dedicated families involved in this study," said Stephen Dager, a UW professor of radiology and associate director of the CHDD, who led the study at the UW. "They have been willing to travel long distances to our research site and then stay up until late at night so we can collect brain imaging data on their sleeping children. The families also return for follow-up visits so we can measure how their child's brain grows over time. We could not have made these discoveries without their wholehearted participation."
Researchers obtained MRI scans of children while they were sleeping at 6, 12 and 24 months of age. The study also assessed behavior and intellectual ability at each visit, using criteria developed by Estes and her team. They found that the babies who developed autism experienced a hyper-expansion of brain surface area from 6 to 12 months, as compared to babies who had an older sibling with autism but did not themselves show evidence of autism at 24 months of age. Increased surface area growth rate in the first year of life was linked to increased growth rate of brain volume in the second year of life. Brain overgrowth was tied to the emergence of autistic social deficits in the second year.
MRI technician Mindy Dixon and Stephen Dager review a magnetic resonance spectroscopic image of a child's brain chemistry.University of Washington
The researchers input these data — MRI calculations of brain volume, surface area, and cortical thickness at 6 and 12 months of age, as well as sex of the infants — into a computer program, asking it to classify babies most likely to meet ASD criteria at 24 months of age. The program developed the best algorithm to accomplish this, and the researchers applied the algorithm to a separate set of study participants.
Researchers found that, among infants with an older ASD sibling, the brain differences at 6 and 12 months of age successfully identified 80 percent of those infants who would be clinically diagnosed with autism at 24 months of age.
If these findings could form the basis for a "pre-symptomatic" diagnosis of ASD, health care professionals could intervene even earlier.
"By the time ASD is diagnosed at 2 to 4 years, often children have already fallen behind their peers in terms of social skills, communication and language," said Estes, who directs behavioral evaluations for the network. "Once you've missed those developmental milestones, catching up is a struggle for many and nearly impossible for some."
Research could then begin to examine interventions on children during a period before the syndrome is present and when the brain is most malleable. Such interventions may have a greater chance of improving outcomes than treatments started after diagnosis.
"Our hope is that early intervention — before age 2 — can change the clinical course of those children whose brain development has gone awry and help them acquire skills that they would otherwise struggle to achieve," said Dager.
The research team has gathered additional behavioral and brain imaging data on these infants and children — such as changes in blood flow in the brain and the movement of water along white matternetworks — to understand how brain connectivity and neural activity may differ between high-risk children who do and don't develop autism. In a separate study published Jan. 6 in Cerebral Cortex, the researchers identified specific brain regions that may be important for acquiring an early social behavior called joint attention, which is orienting attention toward an object after another person points to it.
"These longitudinal imaging studies, which follow the same infants as they grow older, are really starting to hone in on critical brain developmental processes that can distinguish children who go on to develop ASD and those who do not," said Dager. "We hope these ongoing efforts will lead to additional biomarkers, which could provide the basis for early, pre-symptomatic diagnosis and serve also to guide individualized interventions to help these kids from falling behind their peers."
The research was funded by the National Institutes of Health, Autism Speaksand the Simons Foundation.
For more information, contact Estes at 206-543-1051 or firstname.lastname@example.com and Dager at 206-616-1558 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Grant numbers: HD055741, HD003110, R01 MH093510, 6020, 140209.
Adapted from a release by the UNC news office.
校址:高雄市苓雅區和平一路116號,電子郵件:email@example.com或 email@example.com
電話:本校總機07-7172930轉1631、1634 (本校特教大樓一樓) 傳真:07-7515015


text:
Wavelet Time Scattering for ECG Signal Classification
This example shows how to classify human electrocardiogram (ECG) signals using wavelet time scattering and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. In wavelet scattering, data is propagated through a series of wavelet transforms, nonlinearities, and averaging to produce low-variance representations of time series. Wavelet time scattering yields signal representations insensitive to shifts in the input signal without sacrificing class discriminability. You must have the Wavelet Toolbox™ and the Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox™ to run this example. The data used in this example are publicly available from PhysioNet. You can find a deep learning approach to this classification problem in this example Classify Time Series Using Wavelet Analysis and Deep Learning and a machine learning approach in this example Signal Classification Using Wavelet-Based Features and Support Vector Machines.
A note on terminology: In the context of wavelet scattering, the term "time windows" refers to the number of samples obtained after downsampling the output of the smoothing operation. For more information, see Time Windows.
Data Description
This example uses ECG data obtained from three groups, or classes, of people: persons with cardiac arrhythmia, persons with congestive heart failure, and persons with normal sinus rhythms. The example uses 162 ECG recordings from three PhysioNet databases: MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database [3][5], MIT-BIH Normal Sinus Rhythm Database [3], and The BIDMC Congestive Heart Failure Database [2][3]. In total, there are 96 recordings from persons with arrhythmia, 30 recordings from persons with congestive heart failure, and 36 recordings from persons with normal sinus rhythms. The goal is to train a classifier to distinguish between arrhythmia (ARR), congestive heart failure (CHF), and normal sinus rhythm (NSR).
Download Data
The first step is to download the data from the GitHub repository. To download the data, click Code
and select Download ZIP
. Save the file physionet_ECG_data-main.zip
in a folder where you have write permission. The instructions for this example assume you have downloaded the file to your temporary directory, (tempdir
in MATLAB®). Modify the subsequent instructions for unzipping and loading the data if you choose to download the data in a folder different from tempdir
The file physionet_ECG_data-main.zip
and ECGData.zip
holds the data used in this example. The .txt
file, Modified_physionet_data.txt
, is required by PhysioNet's copying policy and provides the source attributions for the data as well as a description of the pre-processing steps applied to each ECG recording.
Load Files
If you followed the download instructions in the previous section, enter the following commands to unzip the two archive files.
unzip(fullfile(tempdir,"physionet_ECG_data-main.zip"),tempdir) unzip(fullfile(tempdir,"physionet_ECG_data-main","ECGData.zip"), ... fullfile(tempdir,"ECGData"))
After you unzip the ECGData.zip
file, load the data into your workspace.
is a structure array with two fields: Data
and Labels
. Data
is a 162-by-65536 matrix where each row is an ECG recording sampled at 128 hertz. Each ECG time series has a total duration of 512 seconds. Labels
is a 162-by-1 cell array of diagnostic labels, one for each row of Data
. The three diagnostic categories are: 'ARR'
(arrhythmia), 'CHF'
(congestive heart failure), and 'NSR'
(normal sinus rhythm).
Create Training and Test Data
Randomly split the data into two sets - training and test data sets. The helper function helperRandomSplit
performs the random split. helperRandomSplit
accepts the desired split percentage for the training data and ECGData
. The helperRandomSplit
function outputs two data sets along with a set of labels for each. Each row of trainData
and testData
is an ECG signal. Each element of trainLabels
and testLabels
contains the class label for the corresponding row of the data matrices. In this example, we randomly assign 70% percent of the data in each class to the training set. The remaining 30% is held out for testing (prediction) and are assigned to the test set.
percent_train = 70;
[trainData,testData,trainLabels,testLabels] = ...
There are 113 records in the trainData
set and 49 records in testData
. By design the training data contains 69.75% (113/162) of the data. Recall that the ARR class represents 59.26% of the data (96/162), the CHF class represents 18.52% (30/162), and the NSR class represents 22.22% (36/162). Examine the percentage of each class in the training and test sets. The percentages in each are consistent with the overall class percentages in the data set.
Ctrain = countcats(categorical(trainLabels))./numel(trainLabels).*100
Ctrain = 3×1
Ctest = countcats(categorical(testLabels))./numel(testLabels).*100
Ctest = 3×1
Plot Samples
Plot the first few thousand samples of four randomly selected records from ECGData
. The helper function helperPlotRandomRecords
does this. helperPlotRandomRecords
accepts ECGData
and a random seed as input. The initial seed is set at 14 so that at least one record from each class is plotted. You can execute helperPlotRandomRecords
with ECGData
as the only input argument as many times as you wish to get a sense of the variety of ECG waveforms associated with each class. You can find the source code for this and all helper functions in the Supporting Functions section at the end of this example.
Wavelet Time Scattering
The key parameters to specify in a wavelet time scattering network are the scale of the time invariant, the number of wavelet transforms, and the number of wavelets per octave in each of the wavelet filter banks. In many applications, the cascade of two filter banks is sufficient to achieve good performance. In this example, we construct a wavelet time scattering network with the default filter banks: 8 wavelets per octave in the first filter bank and 1 wavelet per octave in the second filter bank. The invariance scale is set to 150 seconds.
N = size(ECGData.Data,2);
sn = waveletScattering(SignalLength=N,InvarianceScale=150, ...
You can visualize the wavelet filters in the two filter banks with the following.
[fb,f,filterparams] = filterbank(sn); figure tiledlayout(2,1) nexttile plot(f,fb{2}.psift) xlim([0 128]) grid on title("1st Filter Bank Wavelet Filters") nexttile plot(f,fb{3}.psift) xlim([0 128]) grid on title("2nd Filter Bank Wavelet Filters") xlabel("Hz")
To demonstrate the invariance scale, obtain the inverse Fourier transform of the scaling function and center it at 0 seconds in time. The two vertical black lines mark the -75 and 75 second boundaries. Additionally, plot the real and imaginary parts of the coarsest-scale (lowest frequency) wavelet from the first filter bank. Note that the coarsest-scale wavelet does not exceed the invariant scale determined by the time support of the scaling function. This is an important property of wavelet time scattering.
figure phi = ifftshift(ifft(fb{1}.phift)); psiL1 = ifftshift(ifft(fb{2}.psift(:,end))); t = (-2^15:2^15-1).*1/128; scalplt = plot(t,phi); hold on grid on ylim([-1.5e-4 1.6e-4]) plot([-75 -75],[-1.5e-4 1.6e-4],"k--") plot([75 75],[-1.5e-4 1.6e-4],"k--") xlabel("Seconds") ylabel("Amplitude") wavplt = plot(t,[real(psiL1) imag(psiL1)]); legend([scalplt wavplt(1) wavplt(2)], ... {"Scaling Function","Wavelet-Real Part","Wavelet-Imaginary Part"}) title({"Scaling Function";"Coarsest-Scale Wavelet First Filter Bank"}) hold off
After constructing the scattering network, obtain the scattering coefficients for the training data as a matrix. When you run featureMatrix
with multiple signals, each column is treated as a single signal.
scat_features_train = featureMatrix(sn,trainData');
The output of featureMatrix
in this case is 409-by-16-by-113. Each page of the tensor, scat_features_train
, is the scattering transform of one signal. The wavelet scattering transform is critically downsampled in time based on the bandwidth of the scaling function. In this case, this results in 16 time windows for each of the 409 scattering paths.
In order to obtain a matrix compatible with the SVM classifier, reshape the multisignal scattering transform into a matrix where each column corresponds to a scattering path and each row is a scattering time window. In this case, you obtain 1808 rows because there are 16 time windows for each of the 113 signals in the training data.
Nwin = size(scat_features_train,2);
scat_features_train = permute(scat_features_train,[2 3 1]);
scat_features_train = reshape(scat_features_train, ...
Repeat the process for the test data. Initially, scat_features_test
is 409-by-16-by-49 because there are 49 ECG waveforms in the training set. After reshaping for the SVM classifier, the feature matrix is 784-by-416.
scat_features_test = featureMatrix(sn,testData');
scat_features_test = permute(scat_features_test,[2 3 1]);
scat_features_test = reshape(scat_features_test, ...
Because for each signal we obtained 16 scattering windows, we need to create labels to match the number of windows. The helper function createSequenceLabels
does this based on the number of windows.
[sequence_labels_train,sequence_labels_test] = createSequenceLabels(Nwin,trainLabels,testLabels);
Cross Validation
For classification, two analyses are performed. The first uses all the scattering data and fits a multi-class SVM with a quadratic kernel. In total there 2592 scattering sequences in the entire dataset, 16 for each of the 162 signals. The error rate, or loss, is estimated using 5-fold cross validation.
scat_features = [scat_features_train; scat_features_test]; allLabels_scat = [sequence_labels_train; sequence_labels_test]; rng(1); template = templateSVM(... KernelFunction="polynomial", ... PolynomialOrder=2, ... KernelScale="auto", ... BoxConstraint=1, ... Standardize=true); classificationSVM = fitcecoc(... scat_features, ... allLabels_scat, ... Learners=template, ... Coding="onevsone", ... ClassNames={'ARR';'CHF';'NSR'}); kfoldmodel = crossval(classificationSVM,KFold=5);
Compute the loss and the confusion matrix. Display the accuracy.
predLabels = kfoldPredict(kfoldmodel); loss = kfoldLoss(kfoldmodel)*100; confmatCV = confusionmat(allLabels_scat,predLabels)
confmatCV = 3×3
1535 0 1
1 479 0
0 0 576
fprintf("Accuracy is %2.2f percent.\n",100-loss);
Accuracy is 99.92 percent.
The accuracy is 99.88%, which is quite good but the actual results are better considering that here each time window is classified separately. There are 16 separate classifications for each signal. Use a simple majority vote to obtain a single class prediction for each scattering representation.
classes = categorical({'ARR','CHF','NSR'}); [ClassVotes,ClassCounts] = helperMajorityVote(predLabels,[trainLabels; testLabels],classes);
Determine the actual cross-validation accuracy based on the mode of the class predictions for each set of scattering time windows. If the mode is not unique for a given set, the helper function helperMajorityVote
returns a classification error indicated by 'NoUniqueMode'
. This results in an extra column in the confusion matrix, which in this case is all zeros because a unique mode exists for each set of scattering predictions.
CVaccuracy = sum(eq(ClassVotes,categorical([trainLabels; testLabels])))/162*100;
fprintf("True cross-validation accuracy is %2.2f percent.\n",CVaccuracy);
True cross-validation accuracy is 100.00 percent.
MVconfmatCV = confusionmat(categorical([trainLabels; testLabels]),ClassVotes); MVconfmatCV
MVconfmatCV = 4×4
96 0 0 0
0 30 0 0
0 0 36 0
0 0 0 0
Scattering has correctly classified all the signals in the cross-validated model. If you examine ClassCounts
, you see that the 2 misclassified time windows in confmatCV
are attributable to 2 signals where 15 of the 16 scattering windows were classified correctly.
SVM Classification
For the next analysis, we fit a multi-class quadratic SVM to the training data only (70%) and then use that model to make predictions on the 30% of the data held out for testing. There are 49 data records in the test set. Use a majority vote on the individual scattering windows.
model = fitcecoc(... scat_features_train, ... sequence_labels_train, ... Learners=template, ... Coding="onevsone", ... ClassNames={'ARR','CHF','NSR'}); predLabels = predict(model,scat_features_test); [TestVotes,TestCounts] = helperMajorityVote(predLabels,testLabels,classes); testaccuracy = sum(eq(TestVotes,categorical(testLabels)))/numel(testLabels)*100; fprintf("The test accuracy is %2.2f percent. \n",testaccuracy);
The test accuracy is 97.96 percent.
The classification accuracy on the test dataset is approximately 98%. The confusion matrix shows that one CHF record is misclassified as ARR. All 48 other signals are correctly classified.
This example used wavelet time scattering and an SVM classifier to classify ECG waveforms into one of three diagnostic classes. Wavelet scattering proved to be a powerful feature extractor, which required only a minimal set of user-specified parameters to yield a set of robust features for classification. Compare this with the example Signal Classification Using Wavelet-Based Features and Support Vector Machines, which required a significant amount of expertise to handcraft features to use in classification. With wavelet time scattering, you are only required to specify the scale of the time invariance, the number of filter banks (or wavelet transforms), and the number of wavelets per octave. The combination of a wavelet scattering transform and an SVM classifier yielded 100% classification on a cross-validated model and 98% correct classification when applying an SVM to the scattering transforms of a hold-out test set.
Anden, J., Mallat, S. 2014. Deep scattering spectrum, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 62, 16, pp. 4114-4128.
Baim DS, Colucci WS, Monrad ES, Smith HS, Wright RF, Lanoue A, Gauthier DF, Ransil BJ, Grossman W, Braunwald E. Survival of patients with severe congestive heart failure treated with oral milrinone. J American College of Cardiology 1986 Mar; 7(3):661-670.
Goldberger AL, Amaral LAN, Glass L, Hausdorff JM, Ivanov PCh, Mark RG, Mietus JE, Moody GB, Peng C-K, Stanley HE. PhysioBank, PhysioToolkit,and PhysioNet: Components of a New Research Resource for Complex Physiologic Signals. Circulation. Vol. 101, No. 23, 13 June 2000, pp. e215-e220.
Mallat, S., 2012. Group invariant scattering. Communications in Pure and Applied Mathematics, 65, 10, pp. 1331-1398.
Moody GB, Mark RG. The impact of the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. IEEE Eng in Med and Biol 20(3):45-50 (May-June 2001). (PMID: 11446209)
Supporting Functions
helperPlotRandomRecords Plots four ECG signals randomly chosen from ECGData
function helperPlotRandomRecords(ECGData,randomSeed) % This function is only intended to support the XpwWaveletMLExample. It may % change or be removed in a future release. if nargin==2 rng(randomSeed) end M = size(ECGData.Data,1); idxsel = randperm(M,4); tiledlayout(2,2) for numplot = 1:4 nexttile plot(ECGData.Data(idxsel(numplot),1:3000)) ylabel('Volts') if numplot > 2 xlabel('Samples') end title(ECGData.Labels{idxsel(numplot)}) end end
helperMajorityVote Finds the mode in the predicted class labels for each set of scattering time windows. The function returns both the class label modes and the number of class predictions for each set of scattering time windows. If there is no unique mode, helperMajorityVote
returns a class label of "error" to indicate that set of scattering windows is a classification error.
function [ClassVotes,ClassCounts] = helperMajorityVote(predLabels,origLabels,classes) % This function is in support of ECGWaveletTimeScatteringExample. It may % change or be removed in a future release. % Make categorical arrays if the labels are not already categorical predLabels = categorical(predLabels); origLabels = categorical(origLabels); % Expects both predLabels and origLabels to be categorical vectors Npred = numel(predLabels); Norig = numel(origLabels); Nwin = Npred/Norig; predLabels = reshape(predLabels,Nwin,Norig); assert(size(predLabels,2) == length(origLabels)); ClassCounts = countcats(predLabels); [~,idx] = max(ClassCounts); ClassVotes = classes(idx); % Check for any ties in the maximum values and ensure they are marked as % error if the mode occurs more than once modecnt = modecount(predLabels,string(classes)); ClassVotes(modecnt>1) = categorical({'NoUniqueMode'}); ClassVotes = ClassVotes(:); %------------------------------------------------------------------------- function modecnt = modecount(predlabels,classes) % Ensure there is a unique mode modecnt = zeros(size(predlabels,2),1); for nc = 1:size(predlabels,2) hc = histcounts(predlabels(:,nc),classes); hc = hc-max(hc); if sum(hc == 0) > 1 modecnt(nc) = 1; end end end end


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Recently, my family had some professional photos taken while vacationing at a resort. The photos were given to us on CD in both .CR2 and .jpg formats.
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