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Showing results for tags 'fried'.
Hey guys so recently I got my friend to bring the Klipsch Promedia 2.1 speakers from Canada to here in Pakistan. I was so excited to get them running as soon as they got here. When I brought them home I connected them the usual way. And when I turned on the switch......boom. The electricity flickered and the speakers didn't turn on. I turned around the subwoofer unit observing the rear side of it and then did I realize that it was rated 120V! Whereas here we use 220V. How stupid could I get?! Okay so this is the first time I have got something from US/Canada so I had no idea about the different voltage system. I learned the hard way. Since there is no official presence of Klipsch in Pakistan, and I didn't opt for warranty which would've costed me extra CAD 35 from Amazon.ca, I took the speakers to the repair guy in my area who has fixed my old Logitech speakers and Phillips TV before as well. He tried to fix the speakers but unfortunately couldn't. This is the amp unit: He said the fuse was intact but these 2 components were fried so he replaced them: He did some more soldering and checking with multimeter and all in front of me but the speakers weren't powering on. On some points he was getting readings on his multimeter but not on others (as far as I remember). The repair guy said that this component is damaged (IC?) (highlighted): The repair guy was like I will have to get the replacement part (the whole board as shown in the first picture) from abroad because its not available here in the market. I searched Ebay and did find a few options, but they are either the subwoofer itself or the whole back plate unit. Plus they are really expensive (around $70-$80). Might as well get new speakers from best buy ($125). But even then I don't have anyone coming in from the US. So I wanted to ask if there is any other way I could get these fixed. Maybe the repair guy missed something, or was wrong about something. Need suggestions. Should I try replacing the fuse? I've heard so many good things about these speakers and couldn't even get the chance to hear a single sound from them And they cost me CAD 260! They're just lying here useless in my room.


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subset: commoncrawl


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Scowl Setlist at WOW Hall, Eugene, OR, USA
Sorry, there are no songs in this setlist yet, but ...
If you were there then
add whatever song you remember!
And you might also get help in the
setlist request forum
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Courses numbered 1100-4399 are college-level credit courses. A credit course is a part of an approved educational program or major. The second number in the four-digit sequence represents the number of semester credit hours (SCH) awarded for a particular course. For example, COMM 1307 is a 3 semester credit hour course in Communication, and ACNT 2401 is a 4 semester credit hour course in Accounting.
Courses numbered 0100-0499 are offered for credit but do not count toward completion of a program or major. These are designed for students who score lower than college-level on English, Math, and Reading placement exams. For each student who fails to meet passing standards on placement exams, Midland College has established a program to advise the student and determine a plan regarding the sequence of development education courses necessary to assure the readiness of that student in performing freshman-level academic course work.
Numbers in parentheses identify the number of classroom and lab hours per week. For example, (3-2) indicates three hours in the classroom plus two hours in the lab.
When present, a third number indicates clinical, practicum or internship hours.
Business Management/Administration
Child Care and Development
Computer-Aided Drafting and Design
Computer Information Technology


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The Skin Nerd - Cleanse Off Mitt makeup remover
The Cleanse Off Mitt quickly removes all makeup naturally – including mascara. Just add water, gently swipe the mitt across your face and watch as all traces of makeup disappear.
It is ideal as your pre-cleanse option before your active cleanser (as part of a double cleanse).
Place your hand into the Mitt, just add warm water and remove all makeup/pollution etc from the face. Follow with your active cleanser.
- Reusable
- Suitable for all skin types (even very sensitive skin)
- Perfect for all ages and genders
- Ideal for travel, festivals & gym-goers
Cleanse Off Mitt is Irish and created by The Skin Nerd.
Remember it is advisable to change your Cleanse Off Mitt every three months and to hand-wash directly after every use using bacterial soap. We recommend that you pop it into the washing machine, inside out, once a week at 30˚ celsius or under.


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animation: Etna Flyover (2.3 MB movie)
These images from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) capture the energetic eruption of Sicily's Mount Etna volcano on October 29, 2002. Viewing Etna's eruptive activities at MISR's multiple observation angles reveals the structure and relative heights of several plumes emanating from the volcano.
The image panels are a natural-color view from MISR's vertical-viewing (nadir) camera (top), and a 3-D stereo anaglyph (bottom). In the anaglyph, data from the 70-degree and 60-degree forward-looking cameras are displayed as red and green-blue, respectively. (For the 60-degree camera, 275-m red band data were used to spatially sharpen the green and blue 1.1-km resolution imagery). With the aid of red-blue glasses, the three-dimensional nature of the ash plume and the relative heights of plume and clouds can be discerned. Glasses should be worn with the red filter placed over your left eye. Information on ordering glasses can be found at http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/Help/VendorList.html#Glasses .
Also provided is a "fly-over" animation, which progresses according to the sequence in which the MISR cameras observed this scene. Both the "fly-over" and the stereo anaglyph allow the structure of both the main, dark plume and several lighter-colored plumes to be observed. The animation uses all nine MISR cameras. As the Terra satellite passes overhead, the 70-degree foward-viewing camera views a scene first, followed by the 60, 46 and 26-degree forward-viewing cameras, the nadir camera, and the four backward-viewing cameras. It takes approximately seven minutes for all nine cameras to view an area.
The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer observes the daylit Earth continuously from pole to pole, and every 9 days views the entire globe between 82 degrees north and 82 degrees south latitude. These images were generated from a portion of the data acquired during Terra orbit 15233 and have been oriented with north to the left. The still image panels cover an area of about 297 kilometers x 133 kilometers, and utilize data from blocks 60 to 62 within World Reference System-2 path 187.
MISR was built and is managed by NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASAs Office of Earth Science, Washington, DC. The Terra satellite is managed by NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology.
Image courtesy NASA/GSFC/LaRC/JPL, MISR Team. Text by Clare Averill (Acro Service Corporation/JPL).


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We Deliver UK Nationwide Tuesday to Friday. Free delivery over £80.
Legal Disclaimer
At Windrush Bay, please note that we do everything we can to make sure that the information presented about the products we sell on the website is as accurate as possible. However, products do change and are improved regularly, so information regarding ingredients, nutrition, dietary and allergy advice may also change. Therefore, we recommend that you should always read product labels carefully before use or consumption, and not rely solely on the information provided on this website.
Although we update our product information regularly, Windrush Bay is unable to accept liability for any inaccuracies or incorrect information on the website. This does not affect your statutory rights.
If you have any specific queries on any please email Customer Services on firstname.lastname@example.com, or please contact the manufacturer direct.
This information is supplied for personal use only. It may not be reproduced in any way whatsoever without the prior consent of FairEssentials Limited (for Windrush Bay) nor without due acknowledgement.
Join our vibrant Windrush Bay community for the latest updates, recipes, and special offers.


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KANSAS CITY, Mo. (AP) — The Royals agreed to terms with left-hander Bruce Chen on one-year deal Thursday, giving them a veteran pitcher comfortable as a long reliever or in the starting rotation.
Kansas City had yet to announce the contract, which includes a mutual option for 2015.
The 36-year-old, one of the most popular players in the clubhouse, has spent the past five seasons in Kansas City. He's coming off perhaps the finest year of his 15′-year career, going 9-4 with a 3.27 ERA while making 15 starts and 19 appearances out of the bullpen.
Chen will likely assume a similar role this season, providing a cushion in the event of an injury or if young starters such as Yordano Ventura aren't ready out of spring training.


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Toll Free: 800-737-7009
24hr: 800-737-7009
Local: 800-737-7009
Email Us The FTD® Lemon Groove™ Bouquet
CDYThe FTD® Lemon Groove™ Bouquet comes straight from our fun, trendy, and simply irresistible Color Confection Collection. Bringing on the citrus and sun, this stunning flower bouquet consists of yellow roses(only in the Better or Best bouquet), Peruvan Lilies, gerbera daisies, carnations, and mini carnations offset by green button poms and lush greens to create an arrangement that is both tart and tangy. Presented in a yellow glass vase to give it a simply lemon lively look, this mixed flower arrangement is set to send your sweetest wishes to friends and family in honor of a birthday, as a thank you, or just to celebrate in style.
- For U.S. and Canada deliveries only
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All items featured on this site represent the types of arrangements we offer and may vary depending upon availability in certain regions. Substitution Policy


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What Is The Difference Between Marriage And Cohabitation?
Marriage may not be right for everyone. Some couples, either by choice or because they have no other option, live together without the benefit of a legal union. There are legal differences between marriage and cohabitation relationships, some of which are summarized below.
Marriage requirements vary from state to state. Most include that spouses be of opposite sex; however some states now allow marriages between individuals of the same sex. Other general requirements include a license, a waiting period, blood tests, minimum ages and a ceremony officiated by a clergyperson or an officer of the court and witnesses. When a marriage ends, it must be ended by a formal, legal divorce or annulment process that can be costly, time consuming, complicated and emotionally draining. Divorcing spouses also have the obligation to divide their property by legally prescribed methods.
When a married couple divorces, the wage-earning or higher-wage-earning spouse may have the obligation to provide support for the other spouse upon separation or divorce. Likewise, after separation or divorce, the non-custodial parent generally is legally obligated to help financially support the children of the marriage. Children of the marriage may be biological or presumed. Children born during the marriage are presumed to be the offspring of the husband and wife. Children born to married couples must be financially supported during the marriage.
Married spouses also have the legal right to receive information about the other spouse or make decisions if the other spouse is not able to. If one spouse becomes ill or incompetent, the other spouse generally has the right to make decisions on the ill spouse's behalf. When one spouse dies, the other spouse has the legal right to inherit a portion of the deceased spouse's estate.
Cohabitation may be entered into at any time, by individuals of any age or gender, without formal requirements. The relationship may be ended simply and informally upon the agreement of the parties. However, the emotional costs may be the same as or similar to those experienced at the end of a marriage. Dissimilar to marriage, when a relationship concludes, the parties may divide the property however they choose. Absent statutory guidelines, as in divorce, the couple must reach a mutual agreement.
Furthermore, in contrast to divorce, couples who live together usually do not incur the obligation to support each other after the relationship ends, unless they have entered into a contract providing otherwise. If the couple has a child, support may be an issue. The father of a child born to unmarried cohabitants is not entitled to a legal presumption of paternity and may have to establish his paternity through blood tests and a legal action. If the cohabitating couple has not signed an agreement signifying the child's father, paternity must be established in order to compel child support payments. If parentage is established, the non-custodial parent has the same legal obligation to support his or her children as legally separated or divorced parents
Moreover, there are no survivorship rights between cohabitating individuals as there are between married couples. No matter how close the bond or how long the relationship has existed, a cohabitant may lose out to immediate family members when it comes to making decisions for an incapacitated unmarried partner, unless a general power of attorney and health care power of attorney give that authority to the cohabitating partner. As follows, when one cohabitant dies, his or her property will pass to whomever is named in the will or, if there is no will, to family members according to the laws of intestate succession. The surviving partner has no claim to the estate unless he or she was named in the deceased partner's will.
DISCLAIMER: This site and any information contained herein are intended for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal advice. Seek competent counsel for advice on any legal matter.
Practice Areas
Additional Resources
Key, Greer, Harrison & Casey
2163 Highway 31 South Suite 102 Pelham, AL 35124


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Author: Robert Kemp
Date of Trip: June 2012
This June my wife and I,both in our 60's, flew from Manchester, England, to spend a few days at Lake Maggiore in Northern Italy. It was a fabulous short break,despite the bad start,and we will certainly return. Italy has always been one of our most favourite countries to visit and a few years ago we visited Lake Garda so this time we thought to revist the area but look elsewhere and see more of the spectacular scenery.
We booked a low cost airline, Monarch, from Manchester to Milan(Malpensa), which was cheap and comfortable although it was four hours late in departing. Our flight into Milan was due to arrive around 6:30pm but didn't arrive until about 10:30pm,further delays at the airport meant our bus from the airport into Milan arrived in the city centre just after midnight. Fortunately we had pre booked our first night at a hotel in Milan city centre as we had thought it might be too late to travel on to our destination resort of Stresa,situated on Lake Maggiore. The hotel was a 5 minute walk from the bus station (right outside the main train station). We checked in and went straight to bed instead of going out for the evening dinner we had planned. The hotel was extremely comfortable and we had a superb breakfast in the morning. We decided to spend the morning in Milan before getting a train to Stresa. After breakfast we walked to the train station and after checking train times to Stresa we walked into the city centre. Milan is beautiful and we visited the Duomo which is an incredible building. Our visit there and to the surrounding area made the problems of the previous day seem worthwhile.
After lunch in a local cafe we walked back to the station, picking up our luggage at the hotel, and got our train to Stresa (about 10 Euros). The journey took about an hour and 30 minutes and the scenery got more and more beautiful as we approached the mountains.
Stresa was gorgeous and the mountain scenery around was breathtaking. Our 4 star hotel (Regina Palace )was a fabulous looking building, dating back to the very early 20th century. It can only be described as sumptuous. Our room,complete with Juliette Balcony, had a beautiful view to the hillside and gardens behind the hotel. (A room with a lake view would have been even better). The hotel was everything that we had hoped for and once again the breakfasts were great. The hotel was situated right on the lakeside with views across the lake to the Borromeon Islands.
We spent three days in Stresa (Earnest Hemmingway stayed here). The local restaurants were great and reasonably priced, we had only booked breakfast at our hotel as we both enjoy eating out in the evening. The weather was around 28-30 Degres C with sunshine virtually all day. We did have a brief thunder and lightening storm on our last evening but it only lasted about 90 minutes and was actually quite spectacular with the lightening flashing over the distant mountains. There was not much in the way of shopping in Stresa but that was not the purpose of our visit.
One day we took a short boat trip to the Borromeo islands, they were lovely and even had a spectacular Palazzo and gardens to sightsee. Apparently Napoleon Boneparte visited and stayed there accompanied by his wife Josephine. Another day we took a train trip on the Maggiore Express and travelled across the mountains into Switzerland and spent a few hours in Locarno before travelling back down the lake by boat to Stresa, calling in at the various small ports on the way. This was indeed a lovely day with views of the mountains and lake that were truely memorable. On our third day we caught the cable car to the top of mount Mottarone.Once again the views were superb and there was a small cafe to sit and admire the surroundings.
When it was time to leave we had to take a taxi from our hotel in Stresa to Malpensa airport as there were no suitable trains. Taxi fare was 100 Euros (although we were told that this could be shared if another couple were travelling in the taxi at the same time…(this never happened!)
Our return flight was on time and we were back home at Manchester airport by mid afternoon. Despite our initial travel difficulties this was indeed one of our best weekend breaks and with lots of photographs to look back on is one that is sure to stay in the memory banks for many years to come.
We hand-pick everything we recommend and select items through testing and reviews. Some products are sent to us free of charge with no incentive to offer a favorable review. We offer our unbiased opinions and do not accept compensation to review products. All items are in stock and prices are accurate at the time of publication. If you buy something through our links, we may earn a commission.
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Signup Deadline: Monday, August 12
CCA Pickleball League. Teams have no gender requirement. Each week matches will last 1 hour and involve regular game scoring. Sets will not be recorded. The team with the most games won at the end of the hour will win the match. There are no tiebreakers. Subs may be used during regular season play, however only your roster players may participate in the tournament portion of any season.
Two Person Team League Forfeit Policy - https://www.ccasports.com/page/two-person-forfeit-policy
Athletico is proud to be the Official Provider of Physical Therapy for Circle City Athletics and is committed to being a trusted partner for all league participants. We provide the highest quality rehabilitation services to address any injuries, aches, or pains you may experience during your sport or everyday activities.
To complete the process, remove the app from your Facebook settings.
Feel free to try again, and be sure to grant the requested privileges.
Feel free to try again, and be sure to grant the requested privileges.
Feel free to try again or contact us for assitance.
Name | Username | Last Login |
These are the accounts with the same email address as your Facebook account ().
If you'd like to use a different account, log into that account using your email (or username) and password, then connect your Facebook account from your Player Page.
*NOTE: In order to keep your site and player info safe, Admin and Staff accounts cannot be linked to Facebook.


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Traditionally mortgages were for 25 years, but nowadays many loans on offer have a standard maximum term of 40 years.
Longer-term mortgages have the advantage of lower monthly repayments, making them more affordable, especially if you are struggling to get onto the housing ladder. However, the downside is that by the end of the term, the amount of interest that you will have paid will be far greater because the loan is repaid over a longer period. You will also find that you build up equity, the amount of the property that you own, at a much slower rate if you have a 40-year loan.
Check the small print
If you take a longer loan, it makes sense to check that you can make overpayments. Being able to do this without penalties will enable you to pay more of the loan off if you receive a windfall or a pay rise. If your circumstances change over the years, it makes sense to speak to us. It might be worthwhile considering reducing your mortgage term so that you'll pay less interest and become mortgage-free sooner.
As a mortgage is secured against your home or property, it could be repossessed if you do not keep up mortgage repayments.


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The Rocket is an incredibly versatile saddle. From a two minute hair-raising downhill to a 2700-mile individual time trial, this saddle is the top choice for those pushing the sport.
- Narrow nose and midsection means no chafing during long pedaling sessions
- Thick padding and a swooped tail allow riders to lock in their ideal position for power and comfort
- Cromoly rails
Part Numbers
Option | UPC | MPN |
Black / 142mm | 714401655935 | W065-0593 |
Black / 150mm | 714401655966 | W065-0596 |


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WP Smart Export
WP Smart Export is a smart and highly customizable data exporter for outputting posts and user data that you can read. It is not a replacer for WordPress's export tool used for exporting data between sites. It's instead, a tool that can be used by anyone wanting to export readable content and analyze the data. It can export content from ANY AppThemes theme as well as ANY existing WordPress theme.
Easily export any post types and users content with related taxonomies (posts types only) and/or custom fields. Instead of a raw file with unreadable category terms ID's, user ID's, time stamps, etc, WP Smart Export can generates files with readable content since it can replace user ID's with user names, time stamps with readable dates and categories or any other taxonomy term ID's with readable labels.
You can always skip the smart features and still export raw data using WP Smart Export. This makes it ideal to export customized tabular files to be imported on external systems or services. A good example would be using it to export your lists of users to the AWeber Email Marketing Service. Another reminder, WP Smart Export can be used with ANY WordPress or AppThemes theme.
Feature Highlights
- Export custom post types listings with custom fields and taxonomies
- Export user listings with custom fields
- Export listings with readable content:
- Time Stamps (numeric timestamps can be converted to readable dates)
- Term ID's (numeric term ID's can be converted to their respective labels)
- User ID's (numeric user ID's can be converted to users display name)
- Posts Statuses (statuses slug names can be converted to their respective labels)
- Label any field (labels are used as the header columns on the exported file)
- Use drag&drop for re-ordering fields
- Export content between any date
- Save templates for later use
- Schedule exports:
- Daily
- Weekly
- Monthly
- Include export content for the past n days
- Schedules allow multiple recipients
- Email notifications on schedule exports (exported file is attached and sent to the recipients list)
Get in Control
WP Smart Export contextually displays fields based on the content type you wish to export (posts, users or any custom post types) and shows sample content for each of these fields so you can choose on a field by field basis whether to export it's content as is or as something else (username, date, post status or taxonomy).
You control which fields to export, field label names, and whether to include custom fields and/or taxonomies. Additionally, you can reorder fields using simple drag&drop and save exports as templates for recurrent uses. Data can be exported between any date interval.
That's not all, you can save regular exports as templates for later use and you can automate regular exports with schedules! Keep reading.
Example Use Cases:
Export all Jobs from any given date with the following requirements:
- Core Fields:
- post_author
- post_date
- Taxonomy Fields:
- job categories (with description instead of term ID – e.g: 'Software' instead of '3')
- job types (with description instead of term ID – e.g: 'Full-Time' instead of '5')
- Custom fields:
- company name
- company URL
Export all Listings from any given date with the following requirements:
- Core Fields:
- post_author
- post_date
- Taxonomy Fields:
- listing categories (with description instead of term ID – e.g: 'Restaurant' instead of '7')
- Custom fields:
- phone
- address
The use case examples can be applied to any AppThemes or non-AppThemes theme! You choose what and how to export the content.
For regular and recurrent exports you can save templates. Templates can be optionally created on each export keeping all your export settings (selected fields, field labels, field order, etc). The next time you need to do a similar export, just load the template and select the new date interval to export.
For those who like to keep track of their sites content, but don't want to keep returning to the site just to export data, WP Smart Export provides a scheduler. The scheduler acts like a normal Cron job for recurrent exports. It works by recurrently executing previously saved export templates at specified schedules. When run, these schedules send an email to a pre-set list of recipients, with the generated export file. It's the perfect tool to keep track of content or users on your site!
To create a schedule you select a previously saved export template, the schedule (daily, weekly, monthly), the content time span (previous week , previous month, previous day or previous n days) and the recipients list. At the scheduled time, the exported file will be sent to the recipients list.
Use Cases:
For any AppThemes theme:
Export a file with all the sales from the previous week, every week and send it to the specified mailing list.
For any WordPress theme:
Export a file with 'pending' posts from the previous day, and send it to the specified mailing list.
Installation Guide
- Download the plugin from your customer dashboard
- Login to your WordPress site and visit "Plugins" => "Add New" in the sidebar
- Click on "Upload" and then "Choose File". Browse to the 'wp-smart-export.zip'.
- Click on the "Install Now" button
- On the plugins page, scroll down and find "WP Smart Export". Click on the "Activate" link.
- You'll then be redirected to the plugin page
- You can start exporting your data!
- Security and performance fixes (update is highly recommended!!!)
- Plugin update notifications being blocked
- Missing core users fields
- Correctly decode specials chars like '&'
- Added guided help tour
- Added help tabs
- Added option to remove HTML tags from content output
- Added support for exporting 'Pages'
- Optimized sample content/fields loading performance
- Show 'Cancel' button when content type is loading
- Mixed content JS errors
- Users main fields not being displayed on multi-site installs
- Replaced clickable tooltips with hover tooltips
- Minor UI changes
- Added option to hide/show WP internal fields
- Added support for readable serialized values (export as 'Unserialized')
- Files and folders reorganization
- PHP 'Fatal error: Declaration of WP_XPRT_Fields_Table::row()' on some PHP versions
- Internal code changes for better theme compatibility
- Replaced backend hardcoded input CSS width's with WP input CSS classes
- Move to new plugin framework API
- Fatal error when using plugin without an AppThemes theme
4 reviews of "WP Smart Export"
I wanted a way to export emails from the ad listings on my Vantage site and the corresponding ad page URL address so I can link them together in a promotional email. This plugin was recommended to me by a fellow member. I took a chance and it did exactly what I hoped it would do.
Many thanks 🙂
Simplicity itself – easy to install and run – even with custom forms.
This is a pretty neat tool. Very handy to be able to export readable content 😀
One suggestion: it would be good to be able to exclude embeds from the list of available fields on the 'Export' settings page for the plugin. On the site I tested the plugin on (Vantage theme), some listings have videos embedded in the listing description (from YouTube, Vimeo etc) – every video embed shows up on the list (twice). For example:
_oembed_d88954ff7…etc (really long series of numbers and letters!)
_oembed_time_d88954ff7…etc (really long series of numbers and letters!)
I can see that if there are hundreds of listings with embeds, the list would get unmanageably long! The embed is just the default WordPress functionality (if the listing creator adds a YouTube link to the description, it will auto-embed).
If there was exclusion options for field names 'beginning with', 'ending with' or 'containing' for a user entered string (e.g. _oembed_), that would be super helpful. For example, that way I could exclude fields beginning with '_oembed_' from the list of available fields (avoiding a potentially ludicrously long list!).
Nice work on the plugin
It Shows me a fatal error.
Comments (33)
Raimond Vitiello
I have several AppThemes (Vantage) websites. Do i need to buy a license per site?
Maelle – DTSeWeb
Does your plugin work with ClassiPress 4 ?
Thank you


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TV Review: THE VAMPIRE DIARIES – Season 5 – "500 Years of Solitude"
Stars: Nina Dobrev, Paul Wesley, Ian Somerhalder, Steven R. McQueen, Kat Graham, Zach Roerig, Candice Accola, Michael Trevino Writers: Kevin Williamson, Julie Plec, Caroline Dries, series created by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec, based on characters created in L.J. Smith's THE VAMPIRE DIARIES novels Director: Chris Grismer Network: The CW, Thursdays @ 8 PM Original Airdate: January 23, 2014 "500 Years of Solitude" is THE VAMPIRE DIARIES 100th episode…so congrats CW and the stars of the show. At the end of the "Fifty Shades of Grayson" (Episode 10, which aired December 12, 2013), before the show took a winter break […]Read On »


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Anterior Hip Replacement
When you need surgery to replace a damaged or diseased hip, some orthopedic surgeons have advanced training to perform anterior hip arthroplasty, also known as the direct anterior approach to hip replacement. This procedure is considered less invasive, as it spares the surrounding muscles that support the joint and minimizes scarring, pain, and down time. Patients can begin rehabilitation sooner and recover faster after having anterior hip replacement, compared to more traditional posterior hip replacement.
If you have suffered an injury due to a fall or have sudden onset of hip pain, seek medical attention immediately. If your pain is chronic, you should see a hip specialist for a complete evaluation of your symptoms.
Your hip is a ball-and-socket joint, where the pelvis and thigh bones meet on the left and right sides of the body. The hip joints are surrounded by supportive tissues including muscle, ligaments, and tendons to provide stability while allowing for movement. The bones are covered with cartilage, which forms a smooth surface for bones to glide across when we move.
There are several reasons for the need for hip replacement. Arthritis is one of the most common. Cartilage may deteriorate with age, leading to bone-on-bone rubbing. When this occurs in the hip, walking and other movements we take for granted can become extremely painful. Other forms of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, can lead to the need for hip replacement. Certain types of hip fracture are sometimes best treated with hip replacement.
Pain, stiffness, or limited mobility are common symptoms of hip arthritis. Most often, the pain is felt in the groin, thigh, or in your knee. You may notice a feeling like your leg might give out when you take a step.
An evaluation of your hips begins with a comprehensive exam and X-rays. The X-ray will look for narrowing of the joints, bone spurs, and bone cysts that sometimes form in arthritic joints. In certain circumstances, your doctor may also order an MRI.
During the exam, the doctor will ask about your symptoms and how long your hip has been bothering you. You will need to demonstrate some movements, such as walking, bending, or standing up. This will help the doctor pinpoint the areas that need to be further examined.
Unless you have an immediate need for surgery, the primary treatment will employ the most conservative, non-surgical options. Medication, rest, and exercises including physical therapy can be effective for treatment of hip arthritis and minor sprains and strains.
When conservative treatments fail to provide sufficient relief of your symptoms, you and your doctor may consider a surgical procedure to repair damage to the joint or replace the joint with an artificial implant (prosthetic hip). The extent of damage, your age, and activity level can help your surgeon decide if you are a candidate for surgery.
Many patients with severe hip damage caused by arthritis are candidates for anterior hip replacement surgery. Even large or obese patients can have a successful outcome with this muscle-sparing procedure. However, large size makes the operation more challenging.
Anterior hip arthroplasty is an advanced orthopedic procedure used to replace a damaged hip by making an incision on the front (anterior) side of the hip.
Traditionally, hip replacement surgery begins with an incision to the side or back of the hip area. With the anterior approach, having the incision on the front of the hip prevents any discomfort in the incision area when sitting down or lying on your side.
This approach also allows the surgeon to leave your muscles and ligaments intact while replacing the hip joint. This can decrease the chance of the joint popping out of place (dislocating). Lastly, a smaller incision is needed than would be for a posterior or side approach.
Many orthopedic surgeons prefer the anterior approach to hip replacement because of these advantages.
Compared to other approaches, the anterior hip arthroplasty is associated with shorter recovery times. This is because the surgical technique leaves the supportive tissues (muscles, ligaments, tendons) in place to support your hip immediately after the procedure.
Many people can begin post-operative rehabilitation right away and return to their normal activity level within weeks of surgery. Other approaches take longer because the muscles need additional time to heal.
Although the procedure is preferred over more traditional hip replacement, the anterior approach to hip surgery is not yet as widely performed. Advanced training in this technique is required for a successful outcome.
Copyright © - iHealthSpot Interactive - www.iHealthSpot.com
This information is intended for educational and informational purposes only. It should not be used in place of an individual consultation or examination or replace the advice of your health care professional and should not be relied upon to determine diagnosis or course of treatment.
The iHealthSpot patient education library was written collaboratively by the iHealthSpot editorial team which includes Senior Medical Authors Dr. Mary Car-Blanchard, OTD/OTR/L and Valerie K. Clark, and the following editorial advisors: Steve Meadows, MD, Ernie F. Soto, DDS, Ronald J. Glatzer, MD, Jonathan Rosenberg, MD, Christopher M. Nolte, MD, David Applebaum, MD, Jonathan M. Tarrash, MD, and Paula Soto, RN/BSN. This content complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. The library commenced development on September 1, 2005 with the latest update/addition on February 16, 2022. For information on iHealthSpot's other services including medical website design, visit www.iHealthSpot.com.


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The search for the official Sweet Juniper vehicle to replace our compact sedan continues. The minivanisaurus wasn't really for sale and the orange Ghostbusters station wagon wasn't either. Then, the other day while driving down a country road we came across the Cambulance. Built in 1984, with only 78,000 miles, it "runs & drives great," and the owner wants $4100.
The thing is, if we buy it, I'll have no choice but to find (1) a black guy with a mohawk, a taste for heavy jewelry, and EMT training; (2) a gray-haired gent who smokes cigars and knows CPR; and (3) Dwight Schultz. I get to be Face. We'll be a team of rag tag Paramedics-of-Fortune, and we'll never have to wait for red lights. If you have an injury, if no one else can help, and if you can find them, maybe you can call... The D Team.


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Commonly Used WPF Namespaces
I have tried to compile a list of common WPF namespaces used in any WPF application. While developing my WPF application, I noticed some commonly and frequently used namespaces which I had to include in each and every file, so I tried to list them down in a single place in the form of an article.
If you are preparing for WPF interview, this article will surely help you as namespaces related questions are frequently asked in WPF interviews.
I have taken all the references of namespaces mentioned below from microsoft documentation.
If any common namespace is missing, you can mention them in comments below. So here goes the list of common WPF namespaces.
Provides types that enable integration of rich media, including drawings, text, and audio/video content in Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) applications.
Related namespaces:
Provides access to a library of shapes that can be used in Extensible Application Markup Language (XAML) or code.
Provides types that support navigation, including navigating between windows and navigation journaling.
Provides types to support the Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) input system.
The System.Windows.Forms namespace contains classes for creating Windows-based applications that take full advantage of the rich user interface features available in in the Microsoft Windows operating system.
Contains types that support FixedDocument, FlowDocument, and XML Paper Specification (XPS) document creation.
Contains classes used for binding properties to data sources, data source provider classes, and data-specific implementations of collections and views.
Provides classes to create elements, known as controls, that enable a user to interact with an application. The control classes are at the core of the user's experience with any application because they allow a user to view, select, or enter data or other information.
Provides support for Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) UI Automation clients.
Provides classes to interact with and manipulate ink on the Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) platform.
Contains types that provide managed code access to the enhanced functionality of the Windows 7 taskbar.
This WPF namespace is used when you use INotifyPropertyChanged interface in your application.
This namespace is used to implement ObservableCollection in your WPF application.


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Word Basics
- When:
- Location:
- Academic Center
- Room:
- 103
- http://www.ubalt.edu/alc
- Description:
Whether it's for work or for class, producing professional-looking papers and reports is about more than just the writing; formatting and presentation are crucial. Create a new document and then get comfortable with tasks like adjusting margins, producing a table of contents, numbering pages, using headers and footers and inserting tables—plus save time with shortcuts and templates.
required: basic knowledge of Windows environment; see PC Basics or email email@example.com for a hands-on introduction to Windows
Note: If the RSVP window below is not visible below, this session is full. Please check out our next session on March 28, 2014 at 3:30 PM.
To register:
- UB students: RSVP below using your UBmail address. (If you don't see the RSVP window, the workshop is full.)
- UB staff and the general public: Seats are available on a space-available basis only. Email firstname.lastname@example.com within 24 hours of the workshop start time to check availability.
- UB students: RSVP below using your UBmail address. (If you don't see the RSVP window, the workshop is full.)
- Contact Name:
- Achievement and Learning Center
- Contact Email:
- firstname.lastname@example.com
- Contact Phone:
- 410.837.5383
Appropriate accommodations for individuals with disabilities will be provided upon request 10 days prior to a campus event and 30 days prior to an event requiring travel.


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In recognition of the national examination of systemic racism and injustices, Gage Academy of Art is committed to continued analysis and expansion of our own institutional practices.
Land Acknowledgment: Gage Academy of Art would like to acknowledge that we stand on the traditional ancestral lands of the Coast Salish peoples—specifically the Duwamish People, past and present—and honor, with gratitude, the land itself, the Duwamish Tribe, and their ancient heritage. Without them, we would not have access to this gathering, dialogue and learning space. We ask that we take this opportunity to thank the original caretakers of this land, who are still here.
Non-Discrimination Policy: Gage Academy of Art does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, nationality, gender identity, sexual orientation, ability, age, religion, or ethnic origin in administration of its educational and admission policies, scholarships, and any school administered programs
Gage Academy of Art is committed to social justice in a diverse democracy


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Take Yourself to the Top - Success from the Inside Out
Publication Date,
Format, Paperback
Weight, 272.16 g
No. of Pages, 232
If you're looking for job search advice, this book is not for you. If you want to know about writing a résumé, creating a cover letter, honing interview skills, or dressing for success, you're in the wrong place. But if you're willing to take charge of your career like never before, if you're prepared to be responsible for the choices you make and have the guts to ask for what you really want, then get ready to take yourself to the top.
In this updated and expanded edition of Laura Berman Fortgang's exemplary business/self-help book, readers will learn:
– how to leap out of that mid-career rut
– how to completely and honestly assess your career's progress
– how to identify obstacles that keep you from reaching your goals
– how to turn your back on what many people might call "success" to discover your true life calling


text: < More news Veganuary 02 Jan 2023 • Food Pub operator Wetherspoon is supporting Veganuary. Veganuary is an annual challenge encouraging people to follow a vegan lifestyle for the month of January. Wetherspoon offers a number of vegan dishes on its menu. These include Vegan breakfast (two Quorn sausages, baked beans, two hash browns, mushrooms. tomato, slice of bread, vegan spread), smashed avocado muffin, Fiesta burger (Beyond Meat plant-based pattie, salsa, guacamole, roasted pepper, courgette, onion, six onion rings). Wetherspoon's food development manager, Matt Elsdon, said: "Our vegan meals are extremely popular and are an important part of our overall food offering. "This year we have added Katsu Quorn Nugget Curry to the menu. "We are pleased to be associated with Veganuary and to highlight the range of vegan dishes on our menu." Veganuary senior corporate engagement specialist, Zoe West, added: " Wetherspoon was one of the first pub chains to get involved in Veganuary and their vegan options have increased every year since – helping to make plant-based eating easier and more accessible for everyone. "We're delighted that they have added a Katsu Quorn Nugget Curry to their menu as well as promoting their entire vegan menu throughout their pubs this January."


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Kenny Chesney's 'Get Along' Video Shines a Light on His No Shoes Nation
Kenny Chesney's"Get Along" video is for his fans. The three-minute video for the feel-good song puts a bright spotlight on his No Shoes Nation followers, because they know how to get along.
Directed by Shaun Silva, Chesney's "Get Along" video takes place in the parking lots, stands, sand bar and the stage of a Chesney concert. The singer kicks off the video standing atop a cooler with his acoustic guitar before the camera pans to some of his fans.
"The whole point of the song is to look for your common ground instead of worrying about your differences," Chesney explains in a press release. "And when I look out into the crowd, that's what I see: people who are having a great time, getting along and making the most of every single minute."
The lead single from his forthcoming Songs for the Saints album, out July 27, "Get Along" was written by Shane McAnally, Ross Copperman and Josh Osborne. "Get along on down the road / We've got a long, long way to go / Scared to live, scared to die / We ain't perfect, but we try," the superstar sings, and the video brings this message to life, with Chesney fans joining forces and spreading the love throughout his concert dates.
"They have as much fun waiting to get into the show as they do at the concerts, and I love that! I wanted this video to be a mix of how their world works and the way their passion inspires all of us up onstage," he says.
The video was filmed during Chesney's Trip Around The Sun Tour, which began April 21 and runs through August.
Hottest Country Tours of Summer 2018:


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Keep in mind that we may receive commissions when you click our links and make purchases. However, this does not impact our reviews and comparisons. We try our best to keep things fair and balanced, in order to help you make the best choice for you.
Copyright © All rights reserved 2021


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August brings bitter memories, a reminder that Russian strongman Vladimir Putin will press his sphere of influence by any means, no matter how ruthless. If the United States does not want to witness more of Putin's brutality, America will have to partner more proactively with countries committed to a West whole, free, prosperous and at peace.
On August 7, 2008, Russian tanks rolled into neighboring Georgia under the pretext of supporting South Ossetian separatists. The Georgian villages of the Tskhinvali region were burned down to the ground and ethnically cleansed. Russia imposed a military occupation. The Abkhazia region was occupied as well. To cover up its creeping annexation of foreign territories, Russia formally recognized Abkhazia and South Ossetia as independent states.


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Sacred Raven Tattoo Shop Launches Updated Website
Expands its online resources for people in the United States
Sacred Raven Tattoo Shop will launch its updated website and expand its coveted online resource for people across the United States.
The family-friendly tattoo shop has already become the go-to place for people looking to start their ink journey or take it to the next level. What sets it apart is the fact that it's one of the few tattoo shops that also welcomes children because it understands that families travel together as tribes. So one of the The best tattoo and piercing shops has ensured that its environment is warm and suitable for families.
But that's not all; It has its doors open 7 days a week. This means clients can get walk-in tattoos in the studio from 12:00pm to 8:00pm daily and come out with the tattoo they've always wanted. This same-day service also makes sense for people who tend to hesitate or are bothered by the long waiting times. But with Sacred Raven Tattoo, there are no such issues, ensuring there is time for all those daily walk-ins.
The Seekers One of the #1 tattoo shops near me nationally can join at any time. Rest assured that you will receive only the best services from experienced professionals in the field. In fact, Sacred Raven Tattoo works with world-class tattoo artists and professional piercing and microblading experts who ensure clients get the exact results they desire.
It delivers on the promise of exceptional quality and friendly service by making its customers its priority. With a free consultation, the professionals take the clients' vision into account and create only the best tattoos for them. Those looking for black and gray tattoos, color realism tattoos or body piercing will have their needs met by the best professionals in the business.
Holy Raven Tattoo Shop has also become the one-stop solution for various services people need. For starters, people can come here to get inked and have beautiful tattoos created that they will cherish for a long time. The store also offers body piercing services that are completely safe and hygienic for customers' needs. That is why it has become one of the most popular piercing shops for the people.
His microblading services are top notch. The shop also provides customers with valuable information about the technology to make the right decisions. That's exactly the point of the updated website, which serves as a comprehensive resource for people in the US. Immediately after its launch, the website reached nearly 60,000 organic visitors in June with its spectacular tattoo content and will continue to grow in importance in the coming period.
About Sacred Raven Tattoo
The family-friendly tattoo shop in Fayetteville, NC is known for its impeccable service and same-day tattoos that cater to customers with their unique taste and selection.
media contact
Sared raven tattoo
Address: 4276 Legend Ave, Fayetteville, NC 28303
Telephone: 910-745-9390
URL: https://www.sacredraventattoo.com/
Editorial staff: news.38digitalmarket.com
This content is published on behalf of the above source. Please contact them directly with any concerns related to the above.


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Privacy Policy – GDPR
This privacy policy has been compiled to better serve those who are concerned with how their 'Personally Identifiable Information' (PII) is being used online. PII, is information that can be used on its own or with other information to identify, contact, or locate a single person, or to identify an individual in context. Please read our privacy policy carefully to get a clear understanding of how we collect, use, protect or otherwise handle your Personally Identifiable Information in accordance with our website.
What personal information do we collect from the people that visit our website?
When enquiring and filling out a form on our site, as appropriate, you may be asked to enter your name, email address, postal address, phone number or other details to help us with your enquiry.
When do we collect information?
We collect information from you when you fill out a form or enter information on our website. All of our forms have an Opt In only tick box which you must tick if you are happy for us (to use the information you have sent us) to send you information on new products/special offers etc.
How do we use your information?
We use the information we collect from you, to make contact with you regarding a service you would like us to provide you with. We will also use this information to stay in contact with you if you decide to contract us to complete a job for you.
- You must "Opt in" (on the website forms) to receive additional communication about our other services.
- Once we have completed a job for you, your details will be held on file and can be destroyed upon your request which we must receive in writing.
How do we protect your information?
Our website is scanned on a regular basis for security holes and known vulnerabilities in order to make your visit to our site as safe as possible.
We use regular Malware Scanning.
Your personal information is contained behind secured networks and is only accessible by a limited number of persons who have special access rights to such systems, and are required to keep the information confidential. In addition, all sensitive information you supply via the website is encrypted via Secure Socket Layer (SSL) technology.
We implement a variety of security measures when a user enters, submits, or accesses their information to maintain the safety of your personal information.
You are consenting to us using your personal information as set out in this Privacy statement by continuing to use the website and supplying personal information to us via the website, forms or e-mail addresses shown.
Do we use 'cookies'?
Yes. We use Google Analytics 3rd party cookies. Cookies are small files that a site or its service provider transfers to your computer's hard drive through your Web browser (if you allow) that enables the site's or service provider's systems to recognize your browser and capture and remember certain information. For instance, we use cookies to help us remember and process the items in your shopping cart. They are also used to help us understand your preferences based on previous or current site activity, which enables us to provide you with improved services. We also use cookies to help us compile aggregate data about site traffic and site interaction so that we can offer better site experiences and tools in the future.
We use cookies to:
- collect anonymous statistics on the use of the website
You can choose to have your computer warn you each time a cookie is being sent, or you can choose to turn off all cookies. You do this through your browser settings or via the cookies opt in / opt out at the bottom of this website. Since browser is a little different, look at your browser's Help Menu to learn the correct way to modify your cookies.
If you turn cookies off, it won't affect your experience .
Third-party disclosure
We do not sell, trade, or otherwise transfer to outside parties your Personally Identifiable Information.
Third-party links
We do not include or offer third-party products or services on our website. We have implemented the following:
Google Analytics cookies which monitors user activity across the website.
Users can visit our site anonymously.
Once this privacy policy is created, we will add a link to it on our home page or as a minimum, on the first significant page after entering our website.
Our Privacy Policy link includes the word 'Privacy' and can easily be found on the page specified above.
You will be notified of any Privacy Policy changes:
- On our Privacy Policy Page
Can change your personal information:
- By emailing us
- By calling us
Your Rights
We will inform you (whilst collecting your data via a form on the website) if we intend to use your data for any marketing purposes such as sales offers or news about our company. You can opt in or Opt out of this via a tick box across all of the forms on the website. Alternatively, you can contact us and request for any information we hold about you to be removed.
GDPR gives you rights, which are summarised below:
- You have the right for confirmation as to whether your personal data is being processed.
- You have the right to obtain free information about any of your personal data we hold.
- You have the right to add information, update any incomplete information, and change incorrect information held about you.
- You have the right to have any of your personal data erased as long as the processing of that data is no longer required.
- You have the right to request a copy of any personal data we hold about you in commonly used computer format.
- You have the right to withdraw consent that we can send you email communication.
Other websites
If you access other websites via a link on our website, we cannot be responsible for the Privacy Policies and actions of the website that is not operated by us. We recommend that you check the Privacy Policy of each site you visit and contact its owner if you have any concerns or questions.
If you visited this website from another website, we cannot be responsible for the Privacy Policies and actions of the owners of that website and recommend that you check the Privacy Policy of that website and contact its owner if you have any concerns or questions.


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Registration Numbers - 2 Color - Vinyl Decal
Made from premium Oracal 651 Vinyl.
Primary Color is the top color, shown in Red.
Secondary Color is the background color, shown in Black.
SIZES: All sizes are approximate, sizes may vary from design to design.
STANDARD: 3" x 12" to 15" (Set of 2) Size may vary depending on the numbers/letters.
Need a custom size? Please contact us for custom sizes and custom designs.
WARNING: Vinyl Colors may not be 100% match to what you see on the screen.
Vinyl Decals | |
Vinyl Decal Details | All Vinyl Decals are made from cast Oracal Premium 651 vinyl (unless otherwise posted). This is approximately 6 year life vinyl, life span may vary due to weather and other conditions. Colors shown in the selection are not a 100% accurate representation of the actual vinyl as screen and monitor colors may vary. |
Processing & Shipping | |
Processing & Shipping | All Orders are made shortly after the order is placed. Larger orders will take more time to make. In the event we are out of a specific color or item, you will be notified of the delay as we wait for supplies to arrive to fulfill your order. |
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Refunds | No refunds will be given if you don't like the color or if you chose the wrong color. No refunds will be given due to installation errors. No refunds will be given due to lost packages. Once your order has been shipped, a tracking number may be provided. It is then the responsibility of the carrier. |
Registration Numbers - 2 Color - Vinyl Decal
- Brand: GC-Extreme
- Product Code: VD_Ski_RegNumbers_2Colors
- Availability: In Stock
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text:
Regeneration Patterns of Fraser Fir on Mt. Collins, Great Smoky Mountains National Park." In Abstracts of the Fifteenth Annual Scientific Research Meeting, The Uplands Area of the Southeast Region National Park Service; Great Smoky Mountains National Park, May 25-26, 1989, edited by James D. Wood, 6. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1989.
"Mortality Trends in a Southern Appalachian Red Spruce Population." Forest Ecology and Management 64, no. 1 (1994): 41-45.
"Patterns of Abies fraseri Regeneration in a Great Smoky Mountains Spruce-Fir Forest." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 117, no. 4 (1990): 375-381.
"Two Decades of Change in a Great Smoky Mountains Spruce-Fir Forest." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 115, no. 1 (1988): 25-31.
"Vegetation, Biomass, and Nitrogen Pools in a Spruce-Fir Forest of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 123, no. 4 (1996): 318-329.
"Does Rubus Canadensis Interfere with The Growth of Fraser Fir Seedlings?. Knoxville, TN: The University of Tennessee, 1989.


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By John M. Barry
Haskell County, Kansas, lies in the southwest corner of the state, near Oklahoma and Colorado. In 1918 sod houses were still common, barely distinguishable from the treeless, dry prairie they were dug out of. It had been cattle country—a now bankrupt ranch once handled 30,000 head—but Haskell farmers also raised hogs, which is one possible clue to the origin of the crisis that would terrorize the world that year. Another clue is that the county sits on a major migratory flyway for 17 bird species, including sand hill cranes and mallards. Scientists today understand that bird influenza viruses, like human influenza viruses, can also infect hogs, and when a bird virus and a human virus infect the same pig cell, their different genes can be shuffled and exchanged like playing cards, resulting in a new, perhaps especially lethal, virus.
We cannot say for certain that that happened in 1918 in Haskell County, but we do know that an influenza outbreak struck in January, an outbreak so severe that, although influenza was not then a "reportable" disease, a local physician named Loring Miner—a large and imposing man, gruff, a player in local politics, who became a doctor before the acceptance of the germ theory of disease but whose intellectual curiosity had kept him abreast of scientific developments—went to the trouble of alerting the U.S. Public Health Service. The report itself no longer exists, but it stands as the first recorded notice anywhere in the world of unusual influenza activity that year. The local newspaper, the Santa Fe Monitor, confirms that something odd was happening around that time: "Mrs. Eva Van Alstine is sick with pneumonia…Ralph Lindeman is still quite sick…Homer Moody has been reported quite sick…Pete Hesser's three children have pneumonia …Mrs J.S. Cox is very weak yet…Ralph Mc-Connell has been quite sick this week…Mertin, the young son of Ernest Elliot, is sick with pneumonia,…Most everybody over the country is having lagrippe or pneumonia."
Several Haskell men who had been exposed to influenza went to Camp Funston, in central Kansas. Days later, on March 4, the first soldier known to have influenza reported ill. The huge Army base was training men for combat in World War I, and within two weeks 1,100 soldiers were admitted to the hospital, with thousands more sick in barracks. Thirty-eight died. Then, infected soldiers likely carried influenza from Funston to other Army camps in the States—24 of 36 large camps had outbreaks—sickening tens of thousands, before carrying the disease overseas. Meanwhile, the disease spread into U.S. civilian communities.
The influenza virus mutates rapidly, changing enough that the human immune system has difficulty recognizing and attacking it even from one season to the next. A pandemic occurs when an entirely new and virulent influenza virus, which the immune system has not previously seen, enters the population and spreads worldwide. Ordinary seasonal influenza viruses normally bind only to cells in the upper respiratory tract—the nose and throat—which is why they transmit easily. The 1918 pandemic virus infected cells in the upper respiratory tract, transmitting easily, but also deep in the lungs, damaging tissue and often leading to viral as well as bacterial pneumonias.
Although some researchers argue that the 1918 pandemic began elsewhere, in France in 1916 or China and Vietnam in 1917, many other studies indicate a U.S. origin. The Australian immunologist and Nobel laureate Macfarlane Burnet, who spent most of his career studying influenza, concluded the evidence was "strongly suggestive" that the disease started in the United States and spread to France with "the arrival of American troops." Camp Funston had long been considered as the site where the pandemic started until my historical research, published in 2004, pointed to an earlier outbreak in Haskell County.
Wherever it began, the pandemic lasted just 15 months but was the deadliest disease outbreak in human history, killing between 50 million and 100 million people worldwide, according to the most widely cited analysis. An exact global number is unlikely ever to be determined, given the lack of suitable records in much of the world at that time. But it's clear the pandemic killed more people in a year than AIDS has killed in 40 years, more than the bubonic plague killed in a century.
The impact of the pandemic on the United States is sobering to contemplate: Some 670,000 Americans died.
In 1918, medicine had barely become modern; some scientists still believed "miasma" accounted for influenza's spread. With medicine's advances since then, laypeople have become rather complacent about influenza. Today we worry about Ebola or Zika or MERS or other exotic pathogens, not a disease often confused with the common cold. This is a mistake.
We are arguably as vulnerable—or more vulnerable—to another pandemic as we were in 1918. Today top public health experts routinely rank influenza as potentially the most dangerous "emerging" health threat we face. Earlier this year, upon leaving his post as head of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tom Frieden was asked what scared him the most, what kept him up at night. "The biggest concern is always for an influenza pandemic…[It] really is the worst-case scenario." So the tragic events of 100 years ago have a surprising urgency—especially since the most crucial lessons to be learned from the disaster have yet to be absorbed.
Initially the 1918 pandemic set off few alarms, chiefly because in most places it rarely killed, despite the enormous numbers of people infected. Doctors in the British Grand Fleet, for example, admitted 10,313 sailors to sick bay in May and June, but only 4 died. It had hit both warring armies in France in April, but troops dismissed it as "three-day fever." The only attention it got came when it swept through Spain, and sickened the king; the press in Spain, which was not at war, wrote at length about the disease, unlike the censored press in warring countries, including the United States. Hence it became known as "Spanish flu." By June influenza reached from Algeria to New Zealand. Still, a 1927 study concluded, "In many parts of the world the first wave either was so faint as to be hardly perceptible or was altogether lacking…and was everywhere of a mild form." Some experts argued that it was too mild to be influenza.
Yet there were warnings, ominous ones. Though few died in the spring, those who did were often healthy young adults—people whom influenza rarely kills. Here and there, local outbreaks were not so mild. At one French Army post of 1,018 soldiers, 688 were hospitalized and 49 died—5 percent of that population of young men, dead. And some deaths in the first wave were overlooked because they were misdiagnosed, often as meningitis. A puzzled Chicago pathologist observed lung tissue heavy with fluid and "full of hemorrhages" and asked another expert if it represented "a new disease."
By July it didn't seem to matter. As a U.S. Army medical bulletin reported from France, the "epidemic is about at an end…and has been throughout of a benign type." A British medical journal stated flatly that influenza "has completely disappeared."
In fact, it was more like a great tsunami that initially pulls water away from the shore—only to return in a towering, overwhelming surge. In August, the affliction resurfaced in Switzerland in a form so virulent that a U.S. Navy intelligence officer, in a report stamped "Secret and Confidential," warned "that the disease now epidemic throughout Switzerland is what is commonly known as the black plague, although it is designated as Spanish sickness and grip."
The second wave had begun.
The hospital at Camp Devens, an Army training base 35 miles from Boston that teemed with 45,000 soldiers, could accommodate 1,200 patients. On September 1, it held 84.
On September 7, a soldier sent to the hospital delirious and screaming when touched was diagnosed with meningitis. The next day a dozen more men from his company were diagnosed with meningitis. But as more men fell ill, physicians changed the diagnosis to influenza. Suddenly, an Army report noted, "the influenza…occurred as an explosion."
At the outbreak's peak, 1,543 soldiers reported ill with influenza in a single day. Now, with hospital facilities overwhelmed, with doctors and nurses sick, with too few cafeteria workers to feed patients and staff, the hospital ceased accepting patients, no matter how ill, leaving thousands more sick and dying in barracks.
Roy Grist, a physician at the hospital, wrote a colleague, "These men start with what appears to be an ordinary attack of LaGrippe or Influenza, and when brought to the Hosp. they very rapidly develop the most vicious type of Pneumonia that has ever been seen. Two hours after admission they have the Mahogany spots over the cheek bones, and a few hours later you can begin to see the Cyanosis"—the term refers to a person turning blue from lack of oxygen—"extending from their ears and spreading all over the face….It is only a matter of a few hours then until death comes…It is horrible….We have been averaging about 100 deaths per day…For several days there were no coffins and the bodies piled up something fierce…"
Devens, and the Boston area, was the first place in the Americas hit by the pandemic's second wave. Before it ended, influenza was everywhere, from ice-bound Alaska to steaming Africa. And this time it was lethal.
The killing created its own horrors. Governments aggravated them, partly because of the war. For instance, the U.S. military took roughly half of all physicians under 45—and most of the best ones.
What proved even more deadly was the government policy toward the truth. When the United States entered the war, Woodrow Wilson demanded that "the spirit of ruthless brutality…enter into the very fibre of national life." So he created the Committee on Public Information, which was inspired by an adviser who wrote, "Truth and falsehood are arbitrary terms….The force of an idea lies in its inspirational value. It matters very little if it is true or false."
At Wilson's urging, Congress passed the Sedition Act, making it punishable with 20 years in prison to "utter, print, write or publish any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about the form of government of the United State…or to urge, incite, or advocate any curtailment of production in this country of any thing or things…necessary or essential to the prosecution of the war." Government posters and advertisements urged people to report to the Justice Department anyone "who spreads pessimistic stories…cries for peace, or belittles our effort to win the war."
Against this background, while influenza bled into American life, public health officials, determined to keep morale up, began to lie.
Early in September, a Navy ship from Boston carried influenza to Philadelphia, where the disease erupted in the Navy Yard. The city's public health director, Wilmer Krusen, declared that he would "confine this disease to its present limits, and in this we are sure to be successful. No fatalities have been recorded. No concern whatever is felt."
The next day two sailors died of influenza. Krusen stated they died of "old-fashioned influenza or grip," not Spanish flu. Another health official declared, "From now on the disease will decrease."
The next day 14 sailors died—and the first civilian. Each day the disease accelerated. Each day newspapers assured readers that influenza posed no danger. Krusen assured the city he would "nip the epidemic in the bud."
By September 26, influenza had spread across the country, and so many military training camps were beginning to look like Devens that the Army canceled its nationwide draft call.
Philadelphia had scheduled a big Liberty Loan parade for September 28. Doctors urged Krusen to cancel it, fearful that hundreds of thousands jamming the route, crushing against each other for a better view, would spread disease. They convinced reporters to write stories about the danger. But editors refused to run them, and refused to print letters from doctors. The largest parade in Philadelphia's history proceeded on schedule.
The incubation period of influenza is two to three days. Two days after the parade, Krusen conceded that the epidemic "now present in the civilian population was…assuming the type found in" Army camps. Still, he cautioned not to be "panic stricken over exaggerated reports."
He needn't have worried about exaggeration; the newspapers were on his side. "Scientific Nursing Halting Epidemic," an Inquirer headline blared. In truth, nurses had no impact because none were available: Out of 3,100 urgent requests for nurses submitted to one dispatcher, only 193 were provided. Krusen finally and belatedly ordered all schools closed and banned all public gatherings—yet a newspaper nonsensically said the order was not "a public health measure" and "there is no cause for panic or alarm."
There was plenty of cause. At its worst, the epidemic in Philadelphia would kill 759 people…in one day. Priests drove horse-drawn carts down city streets, calling upon residents to bring out their dead; many were buried in mass graves. More than 12,000 Philadelphians died—nearly all of them in six weeks.
Across the country, public officials were lying. U.S. Surgeon General Rupert Blue said, "There is no cause for alarm if precautions are observed." New York City's public health director declared "other bronchial diseases and not the so-called Spanish influenza…[caused] the illness of the majority of persons who were reported ill with influenza." The Los Angeles public health chief said, "If ordinary precautions are observed there is no cause for alarm."
For an example of the press's failure, consider Arkansas. Over a four-day period in October, the hospital at Camp Pike admitted 8,000 soldiers. Francis Blake, a member of the Army's special pneumonia unit, described the scene: "Every corridor and there are miles of them with double rows of cots …with influenza patients…There is only death and destruction." Yet seven miles away in Little Rock, a headline in the Gazette pretended yawns: "Spanish influenza is plain la grippe—same old fever and chills."
People knew this was not the same old thing, though. They knew because the numbers were staggering—in San Antonio, 53 percent of the population got sick with influenza. They knew because victims could die within hours of the first symptoms—horrific symptoms, not just aches and cyanosis but also a foamy blood coughed up from the lungs, and bleeding from the nose, ears and even eyes. And people knew because towns and cities ran out of coffins.
People could believe nothing they were being told, so they feared everything, particularly the unknown. How long would it last? How many would it kill? Who would it kill? With the truth buried, morale collapsed. Society itself began to disintegrate.
In most disasters, people come together, help each other, as we saw recently with Hurricanes Harvey and Irma. But in 1918, without leadership, without the truth, trust evaporated. And people looked after only themselves.
In Philadelphia, the head of Emergency Aid pleaded, "All who are free from the care of the sick at home… report as early as possible…on emergency work." But volunteers did not come. The Bureau of Child Hygiene begged people to take in—just temporarily—children whose parents were dying or dead; few replied. Emergency Aid again pleaded, "We simply must have more volunteer helpers….These people are almost all at the point of death. Won't you…come to our help?" Still nothing. Finally, Emergency Aid's director turned bitter and contemptuous: "Hundreds of women…had delightful dreams of themselves in the roles of angels of mercy…Nothing seems to rouse them now…There are families in which the children are actually starving because there is no one to give them food. The death rate is so high and they still hold back."
Philadelphia's misery was not unique. In Luce County, Michigan, a couple and three children were all sick together, but, a Red Cross worker reported, "Not one of the neighbors would come in and help. I …telephoned the woman's sister. She came and tapped on the window, but refused to talk to me until she had gotten a safe distance away." In New Haven, Connecticut, John Delano recalled, "Normally when someone was sick in those days [people] would bring food over to other families but…Nobody was coming in, nobody would bring food in, nobody came to visit." In Perry County, Kentucky, the Red Cross chapter chairman begged for help, pleaded that there were "hundreds of cases…[of] people starving to death not from lack of food but because the well were panic stricken and would not go near the sick."
In Goldsboro, North Carolina, Dan Tonkel recalled, "We were actually almost afraid to breathe…You were afraid even to go out…The fear was so great people were actually afraid to leave their homes…afraid to talk to one another." In Washington, D.C., William Sardo said, "It kept people apart…You had no school life, you had no church life, you had nothing…It completely destroyed all family and community life…The terrifying aspect was when each day dawned you didn't know whether you would be there when the sun set that day."
An internal American Red Cross report concluded, "A fear and panic of the influenza, akin to the terror of the Middle Ages regarding the Black Plague, [has] been prevalent in many parts of the country."
Fear emptied places of employment, emptied cities. Shipbuilding workers throughout the Northeast were told they were as important to the war effort as soldiers at the front. Yet at the L.H. Shattuck Co. only 54 percent of its workers showed up; at the George A. Gilchrist yard only 45 percent did; at Freeport Shipbuilding only 43 percent; at Groton Iron Works, 41 percent.
Fear emptied the streets, too. A medical student working in an emergency hospital in Philadelphia, one of the nation's largest cities, encountered so few cars on the road he took to counting them. One night, driving the 12 miles home, he saw not a single car. "The life of the city had almost stopped," he said.
On the other side of the globe, in Wellington, New Zealand, another man stepped outside his emergency hospital and found the same thing: "I stood in the middle of Wellington City at 2 P.M. on a weekday afternoon, and there was not a soul to be seen; no trams running; no shops open, and the only traffic was a van with a white sheet tied to the side with a big red cross painted on it, serving as an ambulance or hearse. It was really a city of the dead."
Victor Vaughan, formerly the dean of the University of Michigan's Medical School, was not a man to resort to hyperbole. Now the head of the Army's communicable disease division, he jotted down his private fear: "If the epidemic continues its mathematical rate of acceleration, civilization could easily disappear…from the face of the earth within a matter of a few more weeks."
Then, as suddenly as it came, influenza seemed to disappear. It had burned through the available fuel in a given community. An undercurrent of unease remained, but aided by the euphoria accompanying the end of the war, traffic returned to streets, schools and businesses reopened, society returned to normal.
A third wave followed in January 1919, ending in the spring. This was lethal by any standard except the second wave, and one particular case would have an exceptional impact on history.
On April 3, 1919, during the Versailles Peace Conference, Woodrow Wilson collapsed. His sudden weakness and severe confusion halfway through that conference—widely commented upon—very possibly contributed to his abandoning his principles. The result was the disastrous peace treaty, which would later contribute to the start of World War II. Some historians have attributed Wilson's confusion to a minor stroke. In fact, he had a 103 degree temperature, intense coughing fits, diarrhea and other serious symptoms. A stroke explains none of the symptoms. Influenza, which was then widespread in Paris and killed a young aide to Wilson, explains all of them—including his confusion. Experts would later agree that many patients afflicted by the pandemic influenza had cognitive or psychological symptoms. As an authoritative 1927 medical review concluded, "There is no doubt that the neuropsychiatric effects of influenza are profound…hardly second to its effect on the respiratory system."
After that third wave, the 1918 virus did not go away, but it did lose its extraordinary lethality, partly because many human immune systems now recognized it and partly because it lost the ability to easily invade the lungs. No longer a bloodthirsty murderer, it evolved into a seasonal influenza.
Scientists and other experts are still asking questions about the virus and the devastation it caused, including why the second wave was so much more lethal than the first. Researchers aren't certain, and some argue that the first wave was caused by an ordinary seasonal influenza virus that was different from the pandemic virus; but the evidence seems overwhelming that the pandemic virus had both a mild and virulent form, causing mild as well as severe spring outbreaks, and then, for reasons that remain unclear, the virulent form of the virus became more common in the fall.
Another question concerns who died. Even though the death toll was historic, most people who were infected by the pandemic virus survived; in the developed world, the overall mortality was about 2 percent. In the less developed world, mortality was worse. In Mexico, estimates of the dead range from 2.3 to 4 percent of the entire population. Much of Russia and Iran saw 7 percent of the population die. In the Fiji Islands 14 percent of the population died—in 16 days. One-third of the population of Labrador died. In small native villages in Alaska and Gambia, everyone died, probably because all got sick simultaneously and no one could provide care, could not even give people water, and perhaps because, with so much death around them, those who might have survived did not fight.
The age of the victims was also striking. Normally, elderly people account for the overwhelming number of influenza deaths; in 1918, that was reversed, with young adults killed in the highest numbers. This effect was heightened within certain subgroups. For instance, a Metropolitan Life Insurance Company study of people aged 25 to 45 found that 3.26 percent of all industrial workers and 6 percent of all coal miners died. Other studies found that for pregnant women, fatality rates ranged from 23 percent to 71 percent.
Why did so many young adults die? As it happens, young adults have the strongest immune systems, which attacked the virus with every weapon possible—including chemicals called cytokines and other microbe-fighting toxins—and the battlefield was the lung. These "cytokine storms" further damaged the patient's own tissue. The destruction, according to the noted influenza expert Edwin Kilbourne, resembled nothing so much as the lesions from breathing poison gas.
Seasonal influenza is bad enough. Over the past four decades it has killed 3,000 to 48,000 Americans annually, depending on the dominant virus strains in circulation, among other things. And more deadly possibilities loom.
In recent years, two different bird influenza viruses have been infecting people directly: the H5N1 strain has struck in many nations, while H7N9 is still limited to China (see "The Birth of a Killer"). All told, these two avian influenza viruses had killed 1,032 out of the 2,439 people infected as of this past July—a staggering mortality rate. Scientists say that both virus strains, so far, bind only to cells deep in the lung and do not pass from person to person. If either one acquires the ability to infect the upper respiratory tract, through mutation or by swapping genes with an existing human virus, a deadly pandemic is possible.
Prompted by the re-emergence of avian influenza, governments, NGOs and major businesses around the world have poured resources into preparing for a pandemic. Because of my history of the 1918 pandemic, The Great Influenza, I was asked to participate in some of those efforts.
Public health experts agree that the highest priority is to develop a "universal vaccine" that confers immunity against virtually all influenza viruses likely to infect humans (see "How to Stop a Lethal Virus"). Without such a vaccine, if a new pandemic virus surfaces, we will have to produce a vaccine specifically for it; doing so will take months and the vaccine may offer only marginal protection.
Another key step to improving pandemic readiness is to expand research on antiviral drugs; none is highly effective against influenza, and some strains have apparently acquired resistance to the antiviral drug Tamiflu.
Then there are the less glamorous measures, known as nonpharmaceutical interventions: hand-washing, telecommuting, covering coughs, staying home when sick instead of going to work and, if the pandemic is severe enough, widespread school closings and possibly more extreme controls. The hope is that "layering" such actions one atop another will reduce the impact of an outbreak on public health and on resources in today's just-in-time economy. But the effectiveness of such interventions will depend on public compliance, and the public will have to trust what it is being told.
That is why, in my view, the most important lesson from 1918 is to tell the truth. Though that idea is incorporated into every preparedness plan I know of, its actual implementation will depend on the character and leadership of the people in charge when a crisis erupts.
I recall participating in a pandemic "war game" in Los Angeles involving area public health officials. Before the exercise began, I gave a talk about what happened in 1918, how society broke down, and emphasized that to retain the public's trust, authorities had to be candid. "You don't manage the truth," I said. "You tell the truth." Everyone shook their heads in agreement.
Next, the people running the game revealed the day's challenge to the participants: A severe pandemic influenza virus was spreading around the world. It had not officially reached California, but a suspected case—the severity of the symptoms made it seem so—had just surfaced in Los Angeles. The news media had learned of it and were demanding a press conference.
The participant with the first move was a top-ranking public health official. What did he do? He declined to hold a press conference, and instead just released a statement: More tests are required. The patient might not have pandemic influenza. There is no reason for concern.
I was stunned. This official had not actually told a lie, but he had deliberately minimized the danger; whether or not this particular patient had the disease, a pandemic was coming. The official's unwillingness to answer questions from the press or even acknowledge the pandemic's inevitability meant that citizens would look elsewhere for answers, and probably find a lot of bad ones. Instead of taking the lead in providing credible information he instantly fell behind the pace of events. He would find it almost impossible to get ahead of them again. He had, in short, shirked his duty to the public, risking countless lives.
And that was only a game.
Originally published by Smithsonian Magazine, 11.2017, reprinted with permission for educational, non-commercial purposes.


text:
So, about to be evicted from bedroom four which was the old Node Zero, I had to come up with a way to maintain use of all the existing CAT5 cabling and avoid ripping up floors and running more in.
Fortunately, the room had a conveniently unused storage area which formed part of the bulkhead over the stairs up from the ground floor. After having decorated appropriately for a 3 – 4 year old girl (you can just about make out the shocking pink below!) it was suggested by SWMBO (again, read that as "demanded") that some form of raised bed / bunk bed would be good.
A short while later and here is the result:
…..a raised bed with ladder access for the sprog – the ultra observant will spy that small round hole just in shot. This is one of three air flow holes in the "noise baffle" lid of what is now Node One. (Also note that to the left of the bed is a small "false wall" with half a dozen 20mm conduits in to ease running of cables into the loft.)
Having learned many valuable lessons / hints / tips from UKHA list members over the years, when I'd originally run in all the CAT5 I'd left plenty of spare on all of the runs coiled up in the floor space. This turned out to be more than enough to un-patch everything from the old comms cabinet and bring the cables back down under the floor, along a few meters and then up into the aforementioned storage space – Node One was born!
Here we have the lid underneath the slats of the raised bed (these are no longer screwed down, I've made them quick-removable now) and once the slats are removed the image below shows the lid in all it's glory. This was just a simple piece of MDF lined with polystyrene and works effectively as a noise baffle (although having silent / low noise switches helps too).
Next up we can see the bulk of the cabling coming up through the floor – all fairly neat and tidy, as well as being thoroughly labelled (another tip from UKHA).
With the bulk of Node Zero equipment now having to be re-located to the Garage, I obviously needed to run CAT5 cables from the new location to Node One to allow connectivity between the two. The next image shows that cabling.
Fortunately the garage is attached to this side of the house, so the CAT5 cables can go straight through the wall and into the garage – I chose to separate out the cables into groups that go through 25mm conduit, mainly so that I could avoid chopping out masses of brick but also to ease adding of additional cables if necessary at a later date.
Above you can see the final result, I built a simple wooden "rack rails" system to mount patch panels and network switches on. Cabling from the house terminates into both a 48 way patch panel and a 24 way patch panel while cabling from the new Node Zero terminates into it's own 48 way patch panel. Short, color coordinated patch cables and a cable-tidy help to keep things neat. The network switch to the left is a Netgear 16 port Gigabit Smart Switch (nowadays it has the correct rack mounts on it as well!) and the four grey cables at the bottom are a 4 port "trunk / lag" that goes to another Gigabit network switch in Node Zero. This gives a nice big pipe connecting machines in the house that can take advantage of GB networking with Node Zero. Also visible are the speaker wire connections at the top of the image. These bring audio from a Rio Receiver in Node Zero over CAT5 to speaker wire that then travels up through the false wall mentioned previously, across the loft and into speakers in the bathroom ceiling!
To the right and just about viewable below is a Netgear 50 port (48 10/100 and 2 Gigabit) Smart Switch. It's pretty tight getting cables in and out, but I don't need to do that very often! This switch uses the two Gigabit ports in another trunk / lag to connect to Node Zero also giving a reasonably sized pipe for all of the equipment connected to that switch to connect to Node Zero. Another point of interest is the home made RJ45 "dongle" for the 1Wire temperature sensor that you can just about see in the centre which goes over CAT5 to a HA7Net 1Wire controller in Node Zero
So far this arrangement is working out well. It's easy to patch services (network, audio, phone, 1Wire, etc) between the two locations and the network switches offer plenty of connectivity. I've not bothered having any form of UPS in here, since I decided that networking in the house could afford to go off-line in the event of a power cut.
Thanks for reading,
Martyn Wendon