text:
Langford, Dec.
MY DEAR BROTHER,—I can no longer refuse myself the pleasure of profiting by your kind invitation when we last parted of spending some weeks with you at Churchhill, and, therefore, if quite convenient to you and Mrs. Vernon to receive me at present, I shall hope within a few days to be introduced to a sister whom I have so long desired to be acquainted with. My kind friends here are most affectionately urgent with me to prolong my stay, but their hospitable and cheerful dispositions lead them too much into society for my present situation and state of mind; and I impatiently look forward to the hour when I shall be admitted into Your delightful retirement.
I long to be made known to your dear little children, in whose hearts I shall be very eager to secure an interest I shall soon have need for all my fortitude, as I am on the point of separation from my own daughter. The long illness of her dear father prevented my paying her that attention which duty and affection equally dictated, and I have too much reason to fear that the governess to whose care I consigned her was unequal to the charge. I have therefore resolved on placing her at one of the best private schools in town, where I shall have an opportunity of leaving her myself in my way to you. I am determined, you see, not to be denied admittance at Churchhill. It would indeed give me most painful sensations to know that it were not in your power to receive me.
Your most obliged and affectionate sister,
*Note: A download may not start for up to 60 seconds.
*Note: It may take up to 60 seconds for for the email to be generated.
Chicago: Jane Austen, "I," Lady Susan, trans. Evans, Sebastian in Lady Susan Original Sources, accessed July 22, 2024, http://originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=ICKI83I9XLRCTM5.
MLA: Austen, Jane. "I." Lady Susan, translted by Evans, Sebastian, in Lady Susan, Original Sources. 22 Jul. 2024. http://originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=ICKI83I9XLRCTM5.
Harvard: Austen, J, 'I' in Lady Susan, trans. . cited in , Lady Susan. Original Sources, retrieved 22 July 2024, from http://originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=ICKI83I9XLRCTM5.


text:
The Zanzibar Gyspy Shirt
Zanzibar Gyspy Shirt
- Button up shirt
- Worn with the Zanzibar Gypsy shorts
- Fabric: Viscose
- Model wears a size: 8
Our lovely Ivy is an Australian size 6 with the following measurements:
- Height: 175cm
- Bust: 84cm
- Waist: 61cm
- Hips: 91cm
We want you to be completely satisfied with your online purchase. If you change your mind for any reason, we'll gladly accept a return of any full priced items for a STORE CREDIT returned within 21 days of receiving your parcel, this includes domestic and international customers. Please note this does not include items that are marked at a discounted price.
For more information please see our Returns Policy
Our Customer Care team are available for any styling or fit advice.
Please get in touch via firstname.lastname@example.com

subset: commoncrawl


text:
I have developed a number of Knowledge Management (KM) strategies for various clients over the past 11 or so years, and was recently asked to revamp and update the KM strategy for a large public sector organization that had undergone a fairly radical restructure. Previous experience of working with public sector clients told me that no matter how radical the restructure; the basic hierarchical nature of the organization would remain (flattening of structures doesn't come naturally to public sector organizations). And where you have several layers of hierarchy you also have the potential for mis-communication, silo'd working practices and generally poor knowledge sharing. In fact, nearly all of the conditions that would work in opposition to establishing an effective KM strategy.
Incidentally, for anyone put off by 'KM jargon", I should explain that the definition of 'KM' for the strategy I'm referring to is "organisational and personal learning and sharing".
With these points in mind, I thought I would do a bit of research into the most common barriers to knowledge sharing, and actually include these in the final strategy paper. That way the business sponsor and senior managers tasked with implementing the KM strategy could audit their existing practices with a view to identifying and perhaps predicting the sources of resistance or 'drag' and plan accordingly. Remembering of course that KM is not something that you 'do' to people. You need to take the people in the organisation with you on this journey and for them to see the benefits of knowledge sharing for themselves.
The following is a list of 36 knowledge-sharing barriers, based on an academic paper by Andreas Riege (Riege, A. 2005. "Three-dozen knowledge-sharing barriers managers must consider." Journal of Knowledge Management 9(3): 18-35)
The list gives some indication of the complexity of knowledge sharing as a value-creating organisational activity and is divided into three categories: individual, organisational and technological.
Individual knowledge sharing barriers
- general lack of time to share knowledge, and time to identify colleagues in need of specific knowledge;
- apprehension of fear that sharing may reduce or jeopardise people's job security;
- low awareness and realisation of the value and benefit of possessed knowledge to others;
- dominance in sharing explicit over tacit knowledge such as know-how and experience that requires hands-on learning, observation, dialogue and interactive problem solving;
- use of strong hierarchy, position-based status, and formal power ("pull rank");
- insufficient capture, evaluation, feedback, communication, and tolerance of past mistakes that would enhance individual and organisational learning effects;
- differences in experience levels;
- lack of contact time and interaction between knowledge sources and recipients;
- poor verbal/written communication and interpersonal skills;
- age differences;
- gender differences;
- lack of social network;
- differences in education levels;
- taking ownership of intellectual property due to fear of not receiving just recognition and accreditation from managers and colleagues;
- lack of trust in people because they misuse knowledge or take unjust credit for it;
- lack of trust in the accuracy and credibility of knowledge due to the source; and
- differences in national culture or ethnic background; and values and beliefs associated with it (language is part of this).
Organisational knowledge sharing barriers
- integration of KM strategy and sharing initiatives into the company's goals and strategic approach is missing or unclear;
- lack of leadership and managerial direction in terms of clearly communicating the benefits and values of knowledge sharing practices;
- shortage of formal and informal spaces to share, reflect and generate (new) knowledge;
- lack of transparent rewards and recognition systems that would motivate people to share more of their knowledge;
- existing corporate culture does not provide sufficient support for sharing practices;
- deficiency of company resources that would provide adequate sharing opportunities;
- external competitiveness within business units or functional areas and between subsidiaries can be high (e.g. not invented here syndrome);
- communication and knowledge flows are restricted into certain directions (e.g. top-down);
- physical work environment and layout of work areas restrict effect sharing practices;
- internal competitiveness within business units, functional areas, and subsidiaries can be high;
- hierarchical organisation structure inhibits or slows down most sharing practices; and
- size of business units often is not small enough and unmanageable to enhance contact and facilitate ease of sharing.
Technological knowledge sharing barriers
- lack of integration of IT systems and processes impedes on the way people do things;
- lack of technical support (internal and external) and immediate maintenance of integrated IT systems obstructs work routines and communication flows;
- unrealistic expectations of employees as to what technology can do and cannot do;
- lack of compatibility between diverse IT systems and processes;
- mismatch between individuals' need requirements and integrated IT systems and processes restrict sharing practices;
- reluctance to use IT systems due to lack of familiarity and experience with them;
- lack of training regarding employee familiarisation of new IT systems and processes;
- lack of communication and demonstration of all advantages of any new system over existing ones.
For anyone tasked with either developing or implementing a KM (knowledge sharing) strategy, a good starting point would be to use this list to audit the current practice and thereby determine where the most effort is required, and if possible, where the most value can be created (i.e. biggest bang for the buck).
I hope readers will find this post useful. I will be happy to answer any questions on developing and implementing knowledge sharing strategies.
Stephen Dale
Director, Collabor8now Ltd.


text: All Images are © Steven Paston / ActionImages / Press Association / Backpage Images All Rights Reserved. No form of reproduction, including copying or saving of image files or the alteration or manipulation of image files is authorised. Requests for image usage should be directed to Action Images, Press Association or Backpage Images


text:
Source: Link
CANADIEN, JEAN-BAPTISTE, called Big John Canadien (Raientonni, Aiontonnis, meaning "he works with wood"; baptized Jean-Baptiste Raientonni, he was mostly known as Jean-Baptiste Canadien), Mohawk raftsman, pilot, voyageur, and lacrosse player; b. 16 Dec. 1840 in Caughnawaga (Kahnawake), Lower Canada, son of Ignace Oriwakennhen and Louise Kanonwehon; m. there 16 Feb. 1863 Malvina Maccomber, daughter of Gervase (Gervais) Maccomber (McComber, Macomber), an Indian affairs agent in Caughnawaga, and they had 13 children, of whom seven sons and one daughter survived him; d. there 16 Feb. 1919.
The Mohawk name of "Sawatis," as Jean-Baptiste was pronounced, was Raientonni, later spelled Aiontonnis. One branch of his family came from Lac des Deux Montagnes, where his great-grandfather Simon Onwakennhen had married in 1783. His grandfather Charles Tehostoseroton was given the nickname Canadien, which Jean-Baptiste was to adopt as his surname in the mid 1880s.
Young Raientonni cultivated the traditional values of courage and daring attributed to his ancestors and he sought out occupations befitting these virtues. Voyageur, guide, warrior, raftsman, and pilot were the callings most highly regarded by Mohawk youth. Raientonni's knowledge of difficult waterways, and especially the Lachine rapids which flowed past his village, made him an excellent raftsman for bringing down the cribs of timber, and one of the most famous steamboat pilots employed by various shipping companies on the St Lawrence between Montreal and Ontario. Like many other Mohawk he also worked on the construction of steel bridges.
British officers often turned to the Caughnawaga Mohawk because of their skill as voyageurs and guides. In 1870 Mohawk were among the voyageurs whom Colonel Garnet Joseph Wolseley used in his expedition to the Red River (Man.) at the time of the first Métis uprising under Louis Riel*. Big John reportedly was one of the leading canoeists. Pleased with the voyageurs' performance, Wolseley adopted the same approach in 1884 in an attempt to free Major-General Charles George Gordon, who was being besieged in Khartoum, Sudan, by the Mahdists [see Frederick Charles Denison*]. The Canadian crew came mainly from Winnipeg, Ottawa, Trois-Rivières, and Caughnawaga. The Caughnawaga contingent, which included Big John, was led by Captain Louis Jackson, a Mohawk. The voyageurs transported some of the British reinforcements in whaleboats through the cataracts of the Nile, but except for that exploit the operation proved vain: Gordon was overcome before help arrived. The group from Caughnawaga had left Canada in September 1884 and members were back by March 1885.
Big John's circle of friends included politicians and businessmen. He called them "brothers" and occasionally wore traditional native dress. He was sometimes invited to speak in public and he enthralled audiences with his colourful speech and quick-wittedness. Only a little older than Wilfrid Laurier, whom he first met on 24 June 1884 at Saint-Jean-Baptiste day celebrations, he reportedly said in reference to their age: "When I die, then you can be afraid." As it happened, Laurier's death would follow his by only a day. This coincidence led to the legend that Big John had predicted they would die at the same time.
Big John is remembered as a man of daring deeds. In the late fall of 1859 he skated across Lac Saint-Louis and Lac des Deux Montagnes, from Caughnawaga to Oka (Kanesatake) and back. He excelled at lacrosse, the traditional sport of the Mohawk. In 1876, the year he was presented to Queen Victoria, and again in 1888 he was captain of the Caughnawaga lacrosse team, which in both years toured England with the Montreal Shamrocks, playing exhibition matches. He organized trips to shoot the Lachine rapids (on three occasions on New Year's Day) in a wooden boat he had built himself. He would take with him two Mohawk and two other passengers eager for the adventure. In recognition of his exploits, one of the Lachine rapids has been named Big John.
Although not a chief, Jean-Baptiste Canadien must be considered a leader in Caughnawaga. He exemplified both the traditional and the contemporary models of behaviour which the Mohawk of his time could emulate.
Various newspaper articles give contradictory details concerning Jean-Baptiste Canadien and the events in which he participated: Gazette (Montreal), 23, 31 May, 8, 21, 27 June, 12, 14 July 1876; 2 Jan. 1878; 6 Feb. 1915; 17 Feb. 1919; 3 Sept., 31 Dec. 1945; 25 Sept. 1948; 5 Feb. 1949; 1 Jan. 1954; 31 Dec. 1960; 22 Dec. 1984; Montreal Daily Herald, 3 July 1906, continued as Montreal Herald and the Daily Telegraph, 17 Feb. 1919; Montreal Daily Star, 13 May, 24 Dec. 1915; La Presse, 17, 19 févr. 1919.
ANQ-M, CE1-25, 16 déc. 1840, 16 févr. 1863. NA, RG 10, 3165, file 9566, pt.O. Le Devoir, 15 juill. 1993. Johnny Beauvais, Kahnawake; a Mohawk look at Canada; adventures of Big John Canadian (rev. ed., Kahnawake, Que., [1985]). Denis Gravel, Histoire du Village des Rapides: un quartier de La Salle (Montréal, [1992]). Louis Jackson, Our Caughnawagas in Egypt: a narrative of what was seen and accomplished by the contingent of North American Indian voyageurs . . . (Montreal, 1885). G. F. G. Stanley, Toil & trouble: military expeditions to Red River (Toronto, 1989).
Maurice Ratelle, "CANADIEN, JEAN-BAPTISTE, known as Big John Canadien (Raientonni, Aiontonnis) (baptized Jean-Baptiste Raientonni)," in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 14, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed July 25, 2024, https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/canadien_jean_baptiste_14E.html.
Permalink: | https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/canadien_jean_baptiste_14E.html |
Author of Article: | Maurice Ratelle |
Title of Article: | CANADIEN, JEAN-BAPTISTE, known as Big John Canadien (Raientonni, Aiontonnis) (baptized Jean-Baptiste Raientonni) |
Publication Name: | Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 14 |
Publisher: | University of Toronto/Université Laval |
Year of publication: | 1998 |
Year of revision: | 1998 |
Access Date: | July 25, 2024 |


text:
An RCCB or residual-current circuit breaker is a safety device used to protect electrical circuits. RCCBs protect people from electric shocks, and electrocution and help prevent electrical fires.
RS offers an extensive range of high-performance RCCBs and RCDs from leading brands including ABB, Schneider Electric, and Siemens.
An RCCBs incoming current must equal the outgoing current in any circuit. RCCBs can compare the difference in current values between the live and neutral wires. When appliances are working correctly all current entering the appliance through the live wire leaves the appliance via the neutral wire. If a fault occurs some current can flow through the earth wire if there is no earth this can even flow through you. This results in the unequal current flow coming into the device to what is going out, this difference is referred to as residual current.
An RCD (residual current device) can keep an electrical system safe by preventing fatal electrical shocks. RCDs can also provide protection from electrical fires. An RCCB is essentially an RCD minus the overload protection. They are typically used in applications where the risk of electric shock is limited. For more detailed information see our in-depth RCDs Guide.
RCCBs and RCDs are usually mounted on DIN rail. They can be 2, 3, or 4 poles. Varying in current ratings, trip sensitivity, and tripping characteristics. All these specifications should be carefully considered depending on your individual needs and application.


text:
Arctic Territory Nordland, Troms and Finnmark, Svalbard and Jan Mayen
Arctic Maritime Area 1,500,000 square kilometers
Arctic Population 490,000
Arctic Indigenous Peoples Sámi
Nearly half of Norway's land mass is Arctic territory, consisting of the two counties Nordland and the combined county of Troms and Finnmark on the mainland, the Svalbard archipelago and the island of Jan Mayen. Norway's Arctic territory is home to around 490,000 people – one tenth of the Norwegian population. The country's Arctic maritime area is approximately 1,500,000 square kilometers, corresponding to the combined land area of France, Germany and Spain.
The Arctic archipelago of Svalbard is located halfway between mainland Norway and the North Pole. About half the land is ice-covered. The largest island of the archipelago is called Spitsbergen, and until 1925 this name was used for the whole archipelago. The administrative center of Longyearbyen and the other inhabited areas of the archipelago are located on this island. Svalbard's main industries today are coal mining, tourism and research.
Norway houses the world's northernmost university, the Arctic University of Norway, in Tromsø. It is also home to NORD university in Bodø and the FRAM High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, where 500 scientists from 20 different institutions are engaged in research in the fields of natural science, technology and social sciences.
Fishing and marine resources, in addition to livestock husbandry, has for centuries been the cornerstone of the economy in Northern Norway. Today's economy is much more diversified. Today's key industries include:
The Sámi are an Indigenous people who live in Sápmi, an area that stretches across the northern parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. Estimates of the Sámi population vary between 50,000 and 80,000, with the most concentrated settlements in North Norway. Since 1989, the Sámi in Norway have had their own elected assembly – the Sámediggi – which acts as a consultative body for the Norwegian government authorities.
Norway held the country's first Arctic Council chairmanship from 2007-2009. Throughout the chairmanship, Norway's priorities included:
In the third decade of Arctic cooperation, Norway is – in addition to dealing with pollution and climate change – turning its attention to adaptation. In May 2011, the member states signed the first legally binding agreement negotiated under the auspices of the Arctic Council. The agreement establishes a binding framework for search and rescue cooperation between the member States of the Arctic Council.
Norway serves as the host country for the standing secretariat of the Council, located in Tromsø, which includes the Indigenous Peoples' Secretariat since 2016. The secretariat of the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme is co-located with the Council.
Contact Email +47 239 50 002


text:
A penetrating injury from shrapnel is a serious obstacle in overcoming battlefield wounds that can ultimately lead to death.Given the high mortality rates due to hemorrhaging, there is an unmet need to quickly self-administer materials that prevent fatality due to excessive blood loss.
With a gelling agent commonly used in preparing pastries, researchers from the Inspired Nanomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory have successfully fabricated an injectable bandage to stop bleeding and promote wound healing.
In a recent article "Nanoengineered Injectable Hydrogels for Wound Healing Application" published in Acta Biomaterialia, Dr. Akhilesh K. Gaharwar, assistant professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Texas A&M University, uses kappa-carrageenan and nanosilicates to form injectable hydrogels to promote hemostasis (the process to stop bleeding) and facilitate wound healing via a controlled release of therapeutics.
"Injectable hydrogels are promising materials for achieving hemostasis in case of internal injuries and bleeding, as these biomaterials can be introduced into a wound site using minimally invasive approaches," said Gaharwar. "An ideal injectable bandage should solidify after injection in the wound area and promote a natural clotting cascade. In addition, the injectable bandage should initiate wound healing response after achieving hemostasis."
The study uses a commonly used thickening agent known as kappa-carrageenan, obtained from seaweed, to design injectable hydrogels. Hydrogels are a 3-D water swollen polymer network, similar to Jell-O, simulating the structure of human tissues.
When kappa-carrageenan is mixed with clay-based nanoparticles, injectable gelatin is obtained. The charged characteristics of clay-based nanoparticles provide hemostatic ability to the hydrogels. Specifically, plasma protein and platelets form blood adsorption on the gel surface and trigger a blood clotting cascade.
"Interestingly, we also found that these injectable bandages can show a prolonged release of therapeutics that can be used to heal the wound" said Giriraj Lokhande, a graduate student in Gaharwar's lab and first author of the paper. "The negative surface charge of nanoparticles enabled electrostatic interactions with therapeutics thus resulting in the slow release of therapeutics."
This research is funded by the National Science Foundation's Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental and Transport Systems Division, and the National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering.
Source: Read Full Article


text:
Iran now says compromise on its nuclear program may be possible. Of course, that comes with a number of ifs. Tehran says that's if international negotiators continue to take what it calls a more realistic approach. The big question, Western officials say, is whether Iran is willing to curb its nuclear activities. That is the message, after a two-day meeting between Iran and six world powers. NPR's Peter Kenyon joins us from Almaty, Kazakhstan where the talks just concluded.
Peter, on the surface this sounds like progress. But were there any real breakthroughs? Did the two sides agree to anything?
PETER KENYON, BYLINE: The short answer is no. If you're looking for tangible or real progress to hang something on, this is not it. But Western officials say this kind of process is a prerequisite to getting the diplomacy working, and it deserves a chance. The backdrop, of course, is an increasing pile of enriched uranium in Iran, and growing international fears that it may be getting closer to being able to build a nuclear weapon, which Iran says it doesn't want to do.
Now, after these talks, the Iranian negotiators, Saeed Jalili, called it positive. And the reason he said that is because, in his view, the latest proposal from the international side takes into account some of Iran's ideas from the last round in Moscow. He said this is a realistic attitude. If it's a real change in strategy, he says, it could lead to confidence building and real progress.
WERTHEIMER: Now, this was the first time the international negotiators - that would be Britain, France, the U.S., Russia, China and Germany - offered the Iranians some relief from economic sanctions. What are the details? Did it have any impact?
KENYON: The details were hard to come by. The lead international negotiator, Catherine Ashton, said nothing about what was in the proposal. She said the Iranians need time to study it. Now, a senior U.S. official did say that a number of significant U.S. and E.U. sanctions would be lifted if Iran agrees to this deal - but not the heavy hitters. That is, not the banking and the energy sanctions, they would remain in place.
Other sanctions would be lifted if Iran agrees to significant curbing of the nuclear program. And that includes temporarily shuttering the underground nuclear facility at Fordow. This is a difficult issue for Tehran. Now, this has slightly changed from a straight call to close it permanently. Presumably under this early confidence building stage, the Iranians could restart Fordow again fairly easily. But they would have to, at least, temporarily close it. And that's the proposal on the table right now.
WERTHEIMER: Did we learn anything more about the crucial issue, the ongoing enrichment of uranium - how much is there?
KENYON: We did learn, somewhat, about that and that is also from senior U.S. official. This proposal would require Iran to agree to give up a good deal of its stockpile of 20 percent enriched uranium. And this, of course, is of the biggest concern to the West, because this is the uranium that can relatively easily be enhanced to weapons grade.
Now, it wouldn't have to give up - Iran would not have to give up all of its 20 percent uranium. It would be permitted, we're told, to keep what's necessary for medical research. Now, the precise details of exactly how much that means, and how they would have to dispose of the rest, are left to be worked out in future meetings. But that's what's happening on that front.
WERTHEIMER: So far then, they've agreed to hold talks on technical issues and then meet again in April. How long do you imagine that this state of affairs could go on?
KENYON: Well, this is the ultimate question. I mean some analysts are worrying that Iran seems happy to keep things in the proposal stage indefinitely, while it continues to enrich uranium. And they worry that Iran doesn't take, seriously, the periodic rumblings from Israel and other hard-liners about the need for military action to set back Iran's nuclear program by force.
Now, on the other hand, we do have more meetings set during a politically sensitive time for Iran - with elections coming up there. So some say let's keep talking, see if we can get the two sides to get to the real bargaining stage. The question is whether they can get there before anxiety gets so high that military intervention, or perhaps, a stepping up of covert operations comes back to the fore.
WERTHEIMER: NPR's Peter Kenyon reporting from Almaty in Kazakhstan. Peter, thank you.
KENYON: You're welcome, Linda.
WERTHEIMER: This is MORNING EDITION from NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


text:
Financial Aid is any source of funds that are available to help you pay for college. Most types of financial aid comes from federal and state programs, which require completing the FAFSA and award you funds based on your demonstrated need. Additionally, there are several institutional aid programs that award funds based on need and/or merit. Use the resources below to better understand options available to you to help you pay for college.
A grant is a type of financial aid that you don't need to pay back. The amount of grant money awarded to you is based on demonstrated financial need (which is decided by your FAFSA application).
Student Loans
A student loan is money that you borrow from the government, but must pay back.
Scholarships are awarded funds that you do not have to pay back. Many scholarships are based off academic merit or other achievements, while some are also need-based.
Work Study
Our Federal Work-Study (FWS) program offers on and off-campus employment opportunities for PCC students with a demonstrated financial need. If you are granted Work Study, you may work up to 19 hours per week while school is in session to earn money to go towards your cost of tuition, books, and fees.
California College Promise Grant (BOGW)
The California College Promise Grant waives your enrollment fees if you are a California resident and qualify by meeting certain income requirements or other eligibility requirements outlined on the application.
Need assistance completing your FAFSA or California Dream ACT application?
The Office of Financial Aid can help.
Call (855) GO-TO-PCC


text:
Sandoz launches Phase III clinical trial for biosimilar etanercept
Holzkirchen, Germany, June 24, 2013 – Sandoz, the global leader in biosimilars, announced it has initiated a major Phase III clinical trial with its biosimilar version of etanercept (Amgen's Enbrel®).
- Trial expected to support registration in the U.S. and European Union
- Sandoz continues to advance biosimilar pipeline with seven Phase III trials across five molecules
- Global program underscores Sandoz's leadership in biosimilars
The global clinical trial will seek to confirm biosimilarity with regard to safety, efficacy and immunogenicity of the Sandoz product versus Enbrel in patients with moderate to severe chronic plaque-type psoriasis. The global clinical program was developed in consultation with regulatory authorities in the U.S. and EU, and the results from this clinical trial are expected to support regulatory submissions in both the U.S. and EU.
"Sandoz has a strong track record in developing and commercializing biosimilars around the world," said Ameet Mallik, Head of Biopharmaceuticals and Oncology Injectables at Sandoz. "We will leverage this experience and our industry-leading capabilities to bring a biosimilar version of etanercept to patients and physicians around the world."
Etanercept is a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) inhibitor produced using recombinant DNA technology, and is approved in the U.S. and EU for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and other conditions. Sandoz has invested significant resources in state-of-the art analytical technologies to develop and validate a process for producing its biosimilar etanercept. The company is also making the necessary manufacturing investments to bring this complex biologic to market. Extensive pre-clinical and clinical data show that the Sandoz product is highly similar to Enbrel and justifies proceeding with late-stage clinical studies.
"The continued increase in spending on biological agents for treatment of immune-mediated diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis is a growing concern among physicians in many developed and developing countries," said Alan Menter, M.D., Professor and Chairman of the Division of Dermatology at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, United States and immediate past President of International Psoriasis Council. "A high-quality and clinically-proven biosimilar version of etanercept could play an important role in generating much-needed savings for healthcare systems that can be used to fund novel therapies or treat more patients."
"Sandoz remains steadfast in its commitment to significantly increase worldwide access to essential, high-quality and life-enhancing biopharmaceuticals," said Mark McCamish, M.D., Ph.D., Head of Global Biopharmaceutical Development at Sandoz. "The initiation of this clinical trial stands as an important testament to our deep commitment."
Sandoz is the pioneer in biosimilars and the global market leader with over 50% share of all biosimilars approved in the highly regulated markets of U.S., Canada, Europe, Japan and Australia. All three Sandoz products occupy the #1 biosimilar position in their respective categories. Sandoz biosimilars are sold in over 50 countries and have generated over 100 million patient exposure days in experience. Sandoz also has an unrivalled pipeline with several molecules in various stages of development. With the start of the etanercept Phase III study, Sandoz now has seven Phase III clinical trials across five biosimilar molecules – more than any other company in the industry.
The foregoing release contains forward-looking statements that can be identified by terminology such as "launches," "expected," "pipeline," "will," "continues," "could," "commitment," or similar expressions or similar expressions, or by express or implied discussions regarding potential marketing approvals for etanercept or other biosimilar products, or regarding potential future revenues from etanercept or such other products. You should not place undue reliance on these statements. Such forward-looking statements reflect the current views of management regarding future events, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such statements. There can be no guarantee that etanercept or any other biosimilar products will be submitted or approved for sale in any market, or at any particular time. Nor can there be any guarantee that etanercept or such other products will achieve any particular levels of revenue in the future. In particular, management's expectations regarding etanercept could be affected by, among other things, unexpected clinical trial results, including unexpected new clinical data and unexpected additional analysis of existing clinical data; unexpected regulatory actions or delays or government regulation generally; uncertainties regarding actual or potential legal proceedings, including, among others, intellectual property disputes or other legal efforts to prevent or limit Sandoz from selling etanercept or other biosimilar products, and the uncertain outcome of any such litigation; the particular prescribing preferences of physicians and patients; competition in general; government, industry and general public pricing pressures; unexpected manufacturing difficulties or delays; the impact that the foregoing factors could have on the values attributed to the Novartis Group's assets and liabilities as recorded in the Group's consolidated balance sheet, and other risks and factors referred to in Novartis AG's current Form 20-F on file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, believed, estimated or expected. Sandoz is providing the information in this press release as of this date and does not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in this press release as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
About Sandoz
Sandoz, the generic pharmaceuticals division of Novartis, is a global leader in the rapidly growing generics industry. Sandoz offers a broad range of about 1,100 high-quality, affordable products that are no longer protected by patents. With nearly 26,000 employees in approximately 140 countries, Sandoz holds the #1 position globally in biosimilars, injectables, ophthalmics and dermatology as well as a strong global #5 position in inhalables. Key product groups include antibiotics, treatments for central nervous system disorders, gastrointestinal medicines, cardiovascular treatments, and hormone therapies. Sandoz develops, produces, and markets these medicines along with pharmaceutical and biotechnological active substances and anti -infectives. In addition to strong organic growth in recent years, Sandoz has made a series of acquisitions including Lek (Slovenia), Sabex (Canada), Hexal (Germany), Eon Labs (US), EBEWE Pharma (Austria), Oriel Therapeutics (US), and Fougera Pharmaceuticals (US). In 2012, Sandoz posted sales of USD 8.7 billion.
Sandoz is on Twitter. Sign up to follow @Sandoz_global at https://twitter.com/sandoz_global.
SOURCE: Sandoz


text: How are you going to replace it. I am willing to pay for rolex replica uk type of shipping. Please respond. I have been waiting weeks. Strap in leather is definitely an unusual move, but the use of alligator still lets the replica watches achieve a sporty look while maintaining the artisan niche luxury style. Beyond just the experienced can certainly be capable to distinguish some sort of variance the key furthermore bogus 2018 replica watches. This is a topic of justified frustration from a lot of rolex replica sale enthusiasts who simply want to pay a fair price for a watch they want but unfortunately hublot replica trends and inventory can make getting some models nearly impossible, and the recently introduced steel is going to be another impossible to find model trading at way above retail. Additionally, this is the also the first time that Rolex has produced a black and brown replica watches sale bezel.


text:
Posted on November 13, 2019
Free Online Games
Free Online Games
Our collection of free online games will keep you entertained for days!
Are you a solitaire enthusiast? We're the solitaire experts – we created the suite of solitaire games that come pre-installed on every computer with Microsoft Windows. Or are you a mahjong master? We have tons of free titles that are hugely popular, including Mahjong Dimensions, Mahjong Candy, and the classic Mahjong Solitaire. Or are you an expert with word games and puzzles? Our suite of online games includes enough crossword puzzles, jigsaw puzzles, word search games, and sudoku puzzle games to give you a serious mental workout! All of games are free and unblocked, so you can enjoy playing them all day, every day. Go play any of our free games, and have fun!


text:
We've begun blogging at Psychology Today, and I figured I'd start with an introduction to our diet. This is a slightly altered version of our first post there. — Paul
"All healthy persons are alike; each unhealthy person is unhealthy in his own way."
If Tolstoy were a diet-and-health blogger, this might be how he would begin.
All healthy persons are alike
The composition of cells hasn't changed much since the origin of complex multi-cellular life about 500 million years. Apart from water, the major components are fatty membranes and proteins. More than half the proteins are glycosylated – bonded to glucose-derived carbohydrates. These compounds – fats, proteins, and glucose – are the basic "macronutrients" needed by cells. In organisms, these cells are supported by an extracellular matrix composed of glycans and proteins; this matrix is mineralized in bones and teeth.
Why do animal species differ in their nutritional needs? Actually, nutrient needs differ remarkably little across the animal kingdom. This is why animals comprise "food" for one another: the ingredients of all animals are the same, so one animal nourishes another.
It is also why breast milk varies little across all mammalian species: the composition of cow's milk is not much different from the composition of lion milk, for instance – or human milk for that matter.
Human nutrient needs differ from those of other mammals chiefly by virtue of our larger brains, which are rich in omega-3 fats and require extra glucose for energy. But large brains only modestly tweak the needed macronutrients: compared to other mammals, an extra 10-15% of calories as glucose, and an extra 1% of calories as omega-3 fats, are more than sufficient to nourish a human.
If all animals are alike in their nutrient needs, why are diets so different? Why don't lions sup with lambs?
It turns out that what differs among the animals is the composition of the digestive tract. Animals have evolved digestive tracts and livers to transform diverse food inputs into the uniform set of nutrients that all need. Herbivores have foregut organs such as rumens or hindgut chambers for fermenting carbohydrates, turning them into fats and volatile acids that can be used to manufacture fats. Carnivores have livers capable of turning protein into glucose and fat.
When we look past the digestive tract at what nutrients are actually delivered to the body, all mammals obtain a remarkably similar set of nutrients. By calories, mammalian diets are always composed of a majority, typically 50-75%, of saturated and monounsaturated fats (including the short-chain fatty acids produced by fermentation of fiber); a mix of carbohydrates and protein, usually totaling around 25-40%; and a modest amount of polyunsaturated fat, typically less than 10%.
If diets differ because of digestive tract differences, we should expect the same pattern to recur in humans. All humans have the same nutrient needs, but our optimal food intake may vary if our digestive tracts differ.
In fact there is evidence for variations in digestive tract structure among human populations. Melissa McEwen has summarized evidence that Africans have slightly larger colons, suggesting a slightly more plant-focused evolutionary diet, and Europeans have slightly smaller colons, suggesting a more animal-focused evolutionary diet [1, 2].
Longer colons allow more fermentation of plant fiber, but they don't dramatically change macronutrient ratios of the diet. Across human populations, the optimal human diet probably doesn't vary in any macronutrient by more than 5% of energy or so.
So there is little support for a "blood type diet" or "metabolic type" with significantly different food needs. All healthy people can and should eat a similar diet – one that approximates to our body's nutrient needs.
Each Unhealthy Person is Unhealthy in his Own Way
What are the causes of ill health? We believe there are three fundamental causes of ill health: malnutrition, toxins, and infectious pathogens.
There are dozens of elemental nutrients – vitamins, minerals, and biological compounds – whose absence in the diet can impair health. Many thousands of toxins, totaling several grams in weight daily, enter the human body; as Bruce Ames and Lois Gold have shown [3], plants make a host of natural food toxins, and food storage and cooking create more. Finally, we are continually exposed to microbes; there are probably hundreds of pathogens capable of establishing human infections.
It doesn't take a mathematician to see that there myriad possible combinations of malnutrition, poisoning, and infection. The causes of disease are legion; it's no surprise that the manifestations are so various. The number of possible combinations of disease causes is more than the number of humans. To a first approximation, every disease is unique.
Each combination of causes will affect the optimal diet in a different way. People who are malnourished will benefit from getting more of the things they are malnourished in, and perhaps less of others which balance those – as reducing zinc may help someone who is copper deficient, or reducing omega-6 fats may help someone who is omega-3 deficient. People exposed to toxins may benefit from an extra dose of toxin-metabolizing nutrients. People with infections may benefit from diets which starve pathogens of needed nutrients, or which support immune function. People with gut dysbioses may benefit from removing or reducing whole classes of foods – starches, fructose, FODMAPs, fiber, even protein.
Infections can make a big difference in the optimal diet. Ketogenic diets, which starve the brain of glucose but feed it with small molecules derived from fats, are highly effective against bacterial infections of the central nervous system, since bacteria depend on glucose metabolism. But hepatitis B and C viruses can utilize the process of gluconeogenesis – manufacture of glucose from protein – for their own benefit, so people with hepatitis benefit from higher carb diets.
Other pathologies disrupt the ability to handle certain nutrients. Diabetes is characterized by an inability to secrete insulin, and diabetics usually benefit from low-carb diets. Migraines, like epilepsy, may be caused by genetic or other impairments to brain glucose metabolism, and can often be cured by ketogenic diets, as several of our readers have discovered.
With ill health, the optimal diet often changes. Sick people often have to tweak their diet, and the nature of the change varies with the nature of the pathology.
Diet Can Be a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tool
Precisely for this reason, diet and nutrition have a valuable place in the healer's arsenal. A sick person's response to dietary changes can be informative about the nature of his pathology.
For instance, ketogenic diets are therapeutic for bacterial and viral infections, but can feed protozoa, fungi, and worms (which have mitochondria and can metabolize ketones). Response to a ketogenic diet can help expose the nature of an infectious pathogen.
Because neurons are dependent on glucose or ketones for energy, any pathology which disrupts glucose utilization will cause neuronal starvation, and neurological and psychological distress, which can be relieved by provision of ketones. A well-designed, nourishing ketogenic diet may often ameliorate psychiatric and neurologic disorders.
Dietary tactics can help prevent as well as treat disease. For instance, fasting upregulates autophagy ("self-eating"), the cellular mechanism for recycling damaged or unnecessary components. But autophagy is a central part of the innate immune system; it is how cells destroy invading microbes. Intermittent fasting as a regular practice helps keep the body infection-free, and during intracellular infections refraining from food is often a helpful strategy.
For some pathogens, on the other hand, providing the immune system with plenty of food is usually a better strategy. "Feed a cold, starve a fever" – or is it the other way around? Your body will usually tell you what to do, suppressing or promoting hunger as needed.
There is no one diet that is perfect for everyone, but that is mainly because not everyone is healthy.
Fortunately, healthy people are generally alike in their dietary requirements. We can identify a diet that is very good for nearly everyone, and can tweak that diet in various ways to help diagnose and heal diseases. That is the goal of our book, Perfect Health Diet, and of this blog.
[1] Katsarski M, Singh U. [Anatomical characteristics of the sigmoid intestine and their relationship to sigmoid volvulus among the population of Uganda and the city of Plovdiv, Bulgaria]. Khirurgiia (Sofiia). 1977;30(2):159-63. http://pmid.us/916568.
[2] Madiba TE, Haffajee MR. Sigmoid colon morphology in the population groups of Durban, South Africa, with special reference to sigmoid volvulus. Clin Anat. 2011 May;24(4):441-53. http://pmid.us/21480385.
[3] Ames BN, Gold LS. Paracelsus to parascience: the environmental cancer distraction. Mutation Research 2000 Jan 17; 447(1):3-13. http://pmid.us/10686303.


text:
Over the last few weeks, we've been analyzing the USA FREEDOM Act1, a bipartisan bill authored by Senator Patrick Leahy (D-VT) and Representative Jim Sensenbrenner (R-WI).
If passed, this bill (also known as S. 1599) would be a substantial improvement to America's laws regarding mass surveillance. It brings new levels of transparency to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Court (FISA court), introduces a special advocate to champion civil liberties in the FISA court, and appears to create new statutory limits on mass surveillance by the National Security Agency (NSA). We are proud to support this bill and urge others to join us in working to ensure its passage.
However, we consider this bill to be a floor, not a ceiling. The bill only touches on a few of the issues surrounding the NSA's invasive and unconstitutional surveillance. There are a variety of improvements that can and should be made to ensure the bill actually reins in the NSA and is less susceptible to being undermined by aggressive legal arguments in the FISA court or elsewhere.
What the Bill Doesn't Cover
The bill only addresses a small portion of the problems created by NSA spying and overreaching government secrecy. It does not touch problems like NSA programs to sabotage encryption standards, it does not effectively tackle the issue of collecting information on people outside of the United States, and it doesn't address the authority that the government is supposedly using to tap the data links between service provider data centers, such as those owned by Google and Yahoo.
The bill also does not address a key issue that the government uses to inhibit lawsuits contesting the spying: excessive secrecy. For instance, it won't deal with the major over-classification issues or the state secrets privilege, the latter of which is used aggressively to prevent litigation from getting to a court decision on whether the spying is unconstitutional. The bill also leaves out a clause appearing in Sen. Ron Wyden's bill, which provides guidelines to obtain standing in legal cases against the spying.
Lastly, it does not hold public officials accountable for their role in allowing this spying to take place and hiding it from public and Congressional oversight, and it does not create a Congressional committee that could independently investigate the surveillance programs and give the country a full accounting. Remember we are still just learning the full depth of the programs on a piecemeal basis.
So while we are happy to support the USA FREEDOM Act, we also acknowledge that there is still much to do to dial back the NSA. This can happen through ongoing improvements to the USA FREEDOM Act as well as through additional bills.
7 Ways the USA FREEDOM Act Changes Federal Surveillance Law
The USA FREEDOM Act makes a number of changes to federal surveillance law, mostly in very positive ways, but in some instances the bill falls short of the reforms we think are necessary.
- It would likely stop the NSA's call records program. We believe that this bill, on its face and based on the intent behind it, should be interpreted as stopping the current NSA program collecting all Americans' phone records and the allegedly halted program to collect Internet records.
However, the NSA has a long history of twisting the language of statutes to argue for surveillance authority one might not otherwise expect (such as arguing that everything is "relevant" to an authorized investigation). Even more worrisome, the government makes these arguments in the secret, one-sided, FISA court (though the bill does attempt to address that, see 3 below).
We're concerned that there may be too much wiggle room in the language of the USA FREEDOM Act, such that the Department of Justice will still argue the NSA can collect millions of records of innocent people—even if this is not the correct reading of the bill. This is because the bill allows for collection of records that are both relevant to an existing investigation and that "pertain to" agents of a foreign power and their activities. However, the bill never actually defines "pertain" for the purposes of the statute.
Providing a strong definition of the word "pertain" and/or explicitly banning bulk collection of records would foreclose this potential abuse of the language.
- The bill modifies Section 702 of the FISA Amendments Act. The bill changes Section 702 in two important ways—one good; one that needs fixing.First, the good: the bill limits the NSA's authority to search its database of already-collected communications for the communications of Americans. To explain: when the NSA performs collections under Section 702, ostensibly targeting people overseas, it collects large volumes of communications, many of which are either to or from Americans. The NSA then stores these collections in large, searchable databases. The bill would require the NSA to first get a specifically tailored order from the FISA court before searching these databases for the communications of particular Americans. This is a protection that does not exist under current law.
Another change the bill makes is a problem. Under current law, the NSA believes it has the authority to perform two types of collections under Section 702: (1) the collection of communications "to" and "from" a surveillance target, and (2) communications that are "about" a target, even if the target is not a party to the communication. To conduct the second type of surveillance, the NSA sifts through large volumes of communications looking for non-target communications containing specific "identifiers" of the target—typically, email addresses and phone numbers, but it can be as broad as a name or a specific word—as those communications flow through telecommunication companies' fiber optic cables.
The new bill provides statutory language that acknowledges this practice, which does not exist under current law. The provision imposes two limits that do narrow what the NSA currently perceives its authority to be. First, the NSA would only be able to collect communications "about" a surveillance target in cases involving weapons of mass destruction and terrorism (instead of any "foreign intelligence" situation). Second, the NSA could only search for certain specific information (like an email address or a telephone number), not broad keyword searches. Thus, the bill places limits on the NSA's current, perceived authority.
Nevertheless, we believe this type of mass searching of otherwise innocent communications must be prohibited, not codified, in the law. The bill should be amended to address this issue.
- The bill creates a special advocate in the FISA court. This advocate will serve for three-year terms and be selected by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from a list of names provided by the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board (PCLOB). The advocate is granted broad powers, like the ability to view all government orders, the authority to try to contest such orders, the authority to argue for more transparency in FISA court opinions, and authority to appeal to higher courts. Ideally, this special advocate would work to ensure that privacy and civil liberties issues are identified for the court.Notably, if the PCLOB were unstaffed again (as it was for years), the appointment of the special advocate could be derailed.
- "Significant decisions" by the FISA court must be disclosed by the Attorney General. This is an extremely important and helpful measure, as it brings a new level of transparency and accountability to the FISA courts.
- It increases protections designed to limit the potential harm from the use of National Security Letters (NSLs). Nevertheless, NSLs would still be unconstitutional. If enacted into law, the bill would improve civil liberty protections relating to NSLs, the secret FBI orders demanding user data in national security investigations that come with strict gag orders preventing recipients from even acknowledging that they had received one.
The USA FREEDOM Act would require the government to seek judicial review of an NSL gag order if asked to do so by a recipient. Other reforms include improving the judicial review standard, requiring that challenges be resolved promptly, and adding a sunset provision so that the authority would be reviewed by Congress in 2015. These reforms only nibble around the edges of the law but fail to address the core flaw in the NSL statutes: under its NSL authority, even if this bill passed, the FBI can order the disclosure of potentially sensitive (and constitutionally protected) customer records and gag recipients without any prior court oversight whatsoever.
Any improvement in NSL procedures is welcome and may lead to better outcomes in a modest number of situations. The fundamental problem remains: the FBI would retain its ability to issue such demands and gag orders on its own, without a court's review.
- Transparency. The bill will allow companies that wish to be more transparent about government access to user data to issue quarterly reports that are more granular than what the government currently permits. The bill also mandates multiple reports by various Inspectors General to look into how the spying laws were used, how effective they were, and how the "minimizations procedures" worked.
While the bill allows for such reports, there is still an unconstitutional gag that prevents recipients from even acknowledging that they have received an order. This limits the free speech rights of companies that want to talk about these surveillance demands.
- It grants subpoena powers for the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board (PCLOB). PCLOB is supposed to provide oversight and recommendations to the executive branch when it comes to our civil liberties. However, the board lacks direct subpoena authority (it can request the DOJ issue a subpoena, but not issue one itself). Granting the PCLOB subpoena authority is a step in the right direction, but the USA FREEDOM Act does not give the PCLOB a way of enforcing its subpoenas. So, there's still room for improvement.
A Good Start
We know that no bill is perfect, but the USA FREEDOM Act could well be our best shot at fixing some of the worst problems with NSA surveillance. That's why we're urging members of Congress to support the bill, work to improve the bill through the amendment process, and above all to resist efforts to undermine the privacy protections offered by the bill.
The USA FREEDOM Act stands in sharp contrast to the FISA Improvements Act, a bill recently introduced by Sen. Dianne Feinstein that seeks to legalize some of the worst aspects of NSA spying. We urge EFF members to help us beat back this fake fix by contacting Congress today.
- 1. Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ending Eavesdropping, Dragnet Collection, and Online Monitoring Act (H.R. 3361/ S. 1599)


text:
The Mayo Ireland website was launched on Valentine's Day 1996. It was great foresight which led Michael and Mary to create a website for County Mayo, where each area and community could showcase their amenities and attractions to the world and promote this place of undisputed natural beauty.
Passion for work and a deep bond with the county established the site as a doorway to a wealth of information on County Mayo. History, arts and culture, music, leisure activities, accommodation, local business and much more, became available to visitors from all over the world.
During its 18 years in existence, Mayo Ireland developed into one of the largest and most successful county sites in Ireland and is recognised worldwide as the definitive website for County Mayo, bringing an untold numbers of visitors and holidaymakers to the county.
The year 2014 marks an important event in its history, when Antonio and Cristina joined the company, fired with the same enthusiasm as Michael and Mary, bringing new energy to this long established and highly successful County Mayo website. Antonio and Cristina bring a new point of view to the company as they observe and describe Mayo's amenities with the sense of wonder and joy typical of holidaymakers in this beautiful county.
This is an exciting new development for Mayo Ireland and the union of these energies will reinforce and revamp our company's achievements. Our mission remains the same, promoting all aspects of this magical county in the west of Ireland with experience, competence and dynamism.
Our site is now your County Mayo site!