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Printing devices are often overlooked when it comes to security. But the reality is, cybercriminals can hack your printer to get confidential information.
Your printer is probably the last piece of computer equipment you thought needed protection from cybercriminals.
But the truth is very different.
Attackers actively try to locate the weakest links in security to gain access to and exploit valuable data. And among the weakest links is the printer.
The thing with printers nowadays is that they have access to your devices, network, and the internet. This new open-access functionality makes them an ideal target for cyberattacks.
Unfortunately, many business owners overlook the importance of securing their printers and mainly focus on computers and mobile phones.
Most people still perceive printers as internal devices that serve basic functions. For this very reason, they are an easy target for cybercriminals.
Other than performing unauthorized print jobs, hackers can access confidential information as well as all connected computers and networks all through a printer.
You may also not be aware of the amount of valuable data your printer can store about you – tax files, bank details, financial records, employee information, personal information, etc. All a hacker needs to do is get into the operating system of your printer, and they can collect this sensitive data.
If you've just realized the importance of securing your printer, keep reading. This article shares eight tips to help you do just that.
The 8 Tips
Tip #1. Make Sure Your Printers Are Configured Correctly
Many things can make a printer vulnerable to cyber threats and security breaches. So, you want to get the basics right to ensure the attacks don't happen to you.
To start with, make sure to change the default password on your printer. Since anyone can access a printer remotely, a simple "123456" code won't suffice.
Second, make sure you're using your own router to print files remotely. Never connect to "Guest" networks.
Tip #2. Inspect Print Trays Regularly
This one is a no-brainer, but everyone could use it as a reminder. Make sure to check your print trays and get rid of unused pages carrying sensitive information. There's no easier way to prevent data leaks than this.
Alternatively, you can get a shredder for your office and shred the papers you don't want anyone to see.
Tip #3. Install Malware and Firmware Updates
Invest time and effort to ensure that your malware and firmware protection are up to date and can handle all types of hacks.
The good news is that many printers come with pre-built malware protection.
HP, for example, installs the HP "SureStart" software in their printers that monitors approaching targets when the printer is on. The software can shut down the device if an attack comes its way. This is a great way to prevent attacks from spreading further within the network.
Tip #4. Limit Access to the Network
Unprotected printers in a network are an extremely easy target for cybercriminals. Sure, businesses and offices require printers to access networks to perform remote prints. But if you can do the job by disabling the network access, make sure you do that.
If not, tweak the printer and network settings to only allow the device to take print jobs from the network you trust. This will help avoid outside interference and security breaches.
Tip #5. Update Your Printers
Updating a printer is equally as important as updating your phone to the latest software. Much in the way iOS developers look for bugs and fix them in a new update, printer manufacturers work toward known device vulnerabilities and update the software for added protection.
Look for printer updates so you can easily overcome known threats to the printer. Ideally, update your printers every quarter to get the most out of the security benefits.
Tip #6. Install a Firewall
If you run an office, chances are you already have a firewall. But in case you missed this requirement, now's the time to do it.
Using a reliable firewall helps keep printers safe from cybercriminals.
Your computers most likely come with pre-built firewalls, and all you need to do is keep them enabled. But there are also specialized firewalls for homes and offices that offer advanced security and make it virtually impossible for anyone to break in.
Tip #7. Encrypt Your Storage
Printers with shared networks can perform distance printing. And when a print job is in transit and travels from a computer to a printer, hackers can intercept the data and exploit it.
To keep this from happening, encrypt your print jobs. Also, make sure the sensitive data on your printer's hard or internal drive is encrypted as well.
Keep in mind that when you print a document, that file is often stored as an image within the printer and makes it an easy target for hackers. It's why you should use an encryption tool to protect your data. Luckily, many modern printers have this tool pre-built.
You can use the tool to set up a secure password that allows printer storage encryption, remove user IDs and ex-employee access, delete documents from the print queue once they're printed, and much more.
Tip #8. Educate Your Employees
If you work in an office, chances are you aren't the only person using the printer. Everyone that has access to it needs to be aware of the responsibilities that come with its usage. Make sure to talk to your employees about ways to ensure both the physical and virtual safety of the printers.
Your staff should also be careful when using their mobile devices to print, as smartphones are easier to hack. Explain to them what phishing scams are and how they can avoid being the victim.
Finally, make sure it's clear to them how they can use confidential information in your company.
It's Time to Ensure Printer Security
Printers are the most overlooked devices when it comes to security. Given how most business owners consider them as merely internal devices whose sole function is to print documents, it's no wonder they are a weak spot security-wise.
Whether you use printers in your office or at home, take a moment to see how you can enhance its security before your next printing job.
As cybercriminals are a growing concern, each of us is responsible for protecting our data. Luckily, the tips from this article will help you bring your printer's security to another level.
If you need more insight into protecting the security of your printers, get in touch with us today. We can set up a 10-15-minute chat to discuss how you can implement these changes and keep cybercriminals away.
This Article has been Republished with Permission from The Technology Press.


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Site Rules
Puma People Forum Rules
This forum is provided by Ian Griffiths and his moderating team. Use of the forum is subject to the terms and rules set out below. By registering to use the forum, you agree to abide by these rules which have been set out with the best interest of the Puma People community in mind.
1. Forum Membership
1. Forum Membership
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- If you wish to dispute a moderation decision, this should be done directly to Ian.
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subset: commoncrawl


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She will always and forever have a special place in your heart and in your fondest memories. This beautiful tribute is arranged with hydrangea, roses, snapdragons, hypericum and bupleurum and includes a Loving Mother plaque.
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text: Leave a Comment / By admin / September 18, 2023 Post Views: 0 Adobe Photoshop Type Everything you need to know about Adobe Photoshop Type Basics 0% 2 Electrical Engineering Smart Series Quiz-1 These questions are taken from smart series book which covers all the subjects of Electrical Engineering and Technology Field 1 / 30 Category: Power Electroncis 1) If the firing angle in an SCR rectifier is decreased, output will be a) Maximum b) Increased c) Decreased d) Unaffected 2 / 30 Category: Basic Electrical Engineering 2) If the input capacitor of a power supply is shorted, it will result in a) Excessive hum b) Reduced voltage output c) No voltage output d) Low voltage output 3 / 30 Category: Electroncis 3) SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifier) goes into saturation, when gate-cathode junction is a) Forward biased b) Reversed biased c) In steady state d) Polarized 4 / 30 Category: Electrical Machines 4) A transformer transforms a) Voltage b) Power c) Frequency d) Current e) Both A & D According to NTS the answer is voltage and current, however in actual it is the power which transformer transforms. 5 / 30 Category: Power Plant 5) ______ is a by-product of paper industry, which is used by many industries as a primary source of electricity. a) Landfill gas b) Sludge waste c) Black Liquor d) Wood waste 6 / 30 Category: Basic Electrical Engineering 6) At very sunny places this source(s) of energy can be found a) Jet fuel b) Geothermal c) Solar d) Both B & C 7 / 30 Category: Power Plant 7) If field resistance of DC shunt generator is increased beyond its critical value, the generator a) output voltage will exceed its nameplate rating b) will not build up c) may burn out if loaded to its nameplate rating d) power output may exceed its nameplate rating 8 / 30 Category: Power Plant 8) The average fossil fuel plant convers about is ______ % of the power going in to the power going out. a) 33 b) 40 c) 25 d) 50 9 / 30 Category: Power System Analysis 9) Power in AC circuit is found by a) VI sin (phi) b) VI tan (phi) c) VI cos (phi) d) VI We have to maintain flatness of the surface. 10 / 30 Category: Power System Analysis 10) Which of the following are considered as disadvantages(s) of Gauss-Seidel method over Newton Raphson method in load flow analysis? a) More iteration b) More memory requirement and less accuracy c) Less iteration but more memory d) More accuracy and more memory Countersunk Screws have flattened head which provide flat and smooth surface to avoid any irregulation in pole flux. 11 / 30 Category: Basic Electrical Engineering 11) Fourier series are infinite series of elementary trigonometric functions i.e. Sine and a) Cosine b) Sec c) Cosec d) Tan 12 / 30 Category: Power System Analysis 12) There are ____ types of dependent sources, depending on the controlling variable and output of the source. a) Two b) Three c) Four d) Five 13 / 30 Category: Singal and Systems 13) The _____ time signal is described for all values of time. a) Discrete b) Continuous c) Random d) Digital 14 / 30 Category: Electrical Machines 14) Radio frequency chokes are air cored to a) Keep frequency low b) Keep inductive reactance low c) Keep frequency high d) Keep inductive reactance high 15 / 30 Category: Electroncis 15) Discrete device field effect transistor is classified on the basis of their a) Resistive state b) Conducting state c) Voltaic state d) Control gate construction 16 / 30 Category: Power System Analysis 16) Which of the following ideas means deciding at runtime what strategy to summon? a) Dynamic typing b) Dynamic hiding c) Dynamic loading d) Dynamic blinding 17 / 30 Category: Network Analysis 17) Admittance is the reciprocal of a) Capacitive reactance b) Inductive reactance c) Reactive power d) Impedance 18 / 30 Category: Power Transmission and Distributions 18) For which purpose bundled conductors are employed to a power system a) Appearance of the transmission line b) Mechanical stability of the line c) Decrease system stability d) Increase the short circuit current We have to maintain flatness of the surface. 19 / 30 Category: DC Machines 19) The Pole Shoes of DC Machines are fastened to the pole core by: a) Welding b) Soldering c) Countersunk Screws d) Steel Clumps Countersunk Screws have flattened head which provide flat and smooth surface to avoid any irregulation in pole flux. 20 / 30 Category: Power System Analysis 20) The quantity "Rm" which relates dependent voltage to controlling current is called a) Trans Conductance b) Maximum Resistance c) Trans Resistance d) Limiting Resistance 21 / 30 Category: Power Transmission and Distributions 21) Drop out to cut off ratio for most relays is of the order of a) 0.2 to 0.3 b) 0.3 to 0.4 c) 0.4 to 0.6 d) 0.6 to 1.0 22 / 30 Category: Basic Electrical Engineering 22) Conjunction x ^ y behaves on digits 0 and 1 exactly as ____ does for ordinary algebra. a) Addition b) Subtraction c) Multiplication d) Division 23 / 30 Category: Power Transmission and Distributions 23) Which of the following conditions relate line resistance 'R' and line reactance 'X' for maximum steady state power transmission on a transmission line? a) X=R b) R=[Square Root (3)]*X c) X=[Square Root (3)]*R d) X=R / [Square Root (3)] 24 / 30 Category: Electrical Machines 24) Fundamental property used in single node pair circuit analyzer is that ______ across all elements is same. a) Current b) Voltage c) Resistance d) Inductance 25 / 30 Category: Probability 25) What is the probability of a number "2" when a dice is thrown? a) 2/6 b) 1/3 c) 1/6 d) 1/4 26 / 30 Category: Power Plant 26) Landfill gas is actually _______ used in thermal power plants. a) Methane b) Ethane c) Black Liquor d) Phosphorus 27 / 30 Category: Basic Electrical Engineering 27) Which line is obtained by the method of least square? a) Straight line b) Second degree equation line c) Polynomial equation line d) Best fit line 28 / 30 Category: Electroncis 28) A semiconductor device is connected in a series circuit with a battery and a resistance. If the polarity of battery is reversed, the current drops almost to zero. The device may be a) P-type semiconductor b) N-type semiconductor c) P-N junction d) An intrinsic semiconductor 29 / 30 Category: Telecommunications 29) Modulation index in amplitude modulation a) Is defined as the measure of extent of amplitude variation about an un-modulated carrier. b) Does not impact power dissipation c) Is independent of integral multiple of amplitude d) None of these 30 / 30 Category: Singal and Systems 30) Main purpose of modulation process is to a) Distort the original signal b) Add extra noise to the signal c) Reduce the mutual interference d) Time shift in frequency e) Increase signal to noise ratio Your score isThe average score is 28%Share this quiz with your friends to help them LinkedIn Facebook Twitter Follow us on following platforms also 0% Send feedback Enroll Now More Courses Share this:TweetPocketRedditWhatsAppShare on TumblrTelegramLike this:Like Loading... Related


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At the time of writing, it is Xiaohu's eight-month birthday. To celebrate, I ransack my shelves for a good tea, and return victorious, carrying this sample of 1970s maocha generously provided by Stephane, of Teamasters.
There is not much to be said concerning the provenance of this old tea, because tracing the roots of maocha is seldom fruitful. No wrappers are on hand to guide our way, just the leaves.
These leaves are of good length, and have a noticeable shicang [wet store] aroma - perhaps unsurprising for a tea from the 1970s. The years have been kind to this tea, and, unlike much old maocha, they retain a definite potency. The decades have turned them into a rich shade of husky chocolate-brown.
Even though the sample is less than 5g in size, its potency results in a dark red brew, with a heavy flavour, if the infusions are kept long. It has a particulate, granular texture that, when combined with its sweet-vanilla shicang, comforts and soothes.
I tend to keep my maocha out of the air, sometimes in whisky-tubes, or boxes. They tend to run out of steam, otherwise. This maocha has no such concern, and lasts a decent number of infusions, before fading into a gentle, orange-red background.
We toast Xiaohu's mini-birthday, and thank Stephane for a delightful session.


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Fish Oil and Prostate Cancer
Should you stop taking fish oil?
A 2013 study in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that men with the highest concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids in their blood had a 71 percent greater risk for developing a deadly type of prostate cancer.
While that may sound worrisome, a more recent look at the research suggests there's no reason to take fish off your menu.
The most important thing… Read More »


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Philips AED Wall Mount Bracket
For storing your Philips HS1 or your Philips FRX Defibrillator
The Philips AED wall Mount bracket is made of high quality Aluminium metal and then powder coated to ensure this product is durable. This bracket has 3 pre drilled holes to make wall mounting quick and easy (screws not included). This bracket is compatible with all the Philips HeartStart HS1 and the Philips HeartStart FRX
Comes complete with 3 Red security tags (not shown in picture).
*Defibrillator not included
You can pay for your order using a debit/credit card at the checkout, alternatively if you need to pay by bank transfer/cheque you can select "Pay by bank transfer" at the checkout. You will automatically be emailed an invoice for you to download and make your payment, all our details are on the bottom of the invoice. Please use your order number as the payment reference so that we can match your payment up quickly.
Please note if you choose the "Pay by Bank Transfer" option your order is placed on hold and will not be processed until payment is received and we cannot guarantee items will still be available if payment is not made promptly as stock is allocated on a payment received basis.
Standard Delivery (up to 7 working days) is FREE when you spend over £100+VAT *
Standard Delivery (up to 7 working days) on orders under £100+VAT is £7.14 incl VAT (£5.95+VAT)*
If you need your product quicker we offer a Faster Service** (1-2 working days) with DPD and is £10.00 incl VAT (£8.33+VAT)*
Place your order before 11am for a 1-2 working days delivery service. Please note: Working day excludes Saturday, Sunday and Bank Holidays
There is an extra charge for Highlands and Islands and Northern Ireland please see our prices here.
* Please note that some areas of the UK are not eligible for our FREE delivery service
** Subject to availability. Please note that some items are not available for a Faster Service. Please fill in your shipping address at the checkout to find out if a Faster Service is available in your area/for your order.
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Only logged in customers who have purchased this product may leave a review.


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School bag for a first grader with a football motif in blue color. Integrated chest strap. Set with pencil case and gym bag. Manufacturer Belmil. Recommended age: 6 - 9 years. Weight only 890 grams. More
School bag for boys - football motif - blue color.
Model 403-13 O "Classy" - with chest strap
sample video:
Lightweight yet durable and strong
"Classy" weighs only 850 - 940 g and made of high quality, strong and waterproof materials.
Reinforcements from all sides and the strong bottom part also enhance the stability and durability. The bottom part has some additional functions as well: it ensures that the bag stays in the same position, prevents from getting dirty and keeps the content dry even during rainy weather.
Huge variety of designs
Classy is our classic model featuring the widest selection of designs for both girls and boys. You can find designs in all kinds of themes and motives, so every kid can find his/her perfect companion for school that reflects his/her personality.
Chest strap for optimal load distribution
The bag is equipped with an adjustable chest strap for optimal load distribution. It is especially important when riding bicycle or running, as it prevents the bag from sliding off children's shoulders.
Extra features
The cover features two separate handles, each designed for a different purpose: a rubber handle serving a safe and comfortable grip in children's little hands, and another one which is used to hang the bag in a locker or a wall hanger.
Spacious inner compartments
It features smartly divided compartments that help children organize their school supplies. Its interior design has three large compartments. All size of notebooks and books fit perfectly. Water bottle (up to 0.7 L) and umbrella can be easily packed in side pockets.
Ergonomic shape and breathable back padding make sure that the pressure on children's back is minimized. Shoulder straps are also well cushioned and adjustable, so comfortable everyday-wear is ensured.
Recommended by Doctors and Specialists
"Belmil school bags are orthopedically and anatomically excellent!" by Prof. Dr. Mészáros Tamás from the Orthopedic Department of Szeged University, Hungary.
With Belmil school bag safety is guaranteed even if it gets too dark: carefully placed reflective tapes on all sides, a strong and an easy-to-use metal lock with reflective feature ensure high visibility at night.
Pencil case
High quality pencil case with two flaps. The inner compartment features two-fold out flaps, the front of which encompass two clear foil pockets, one containing a handy printed timetable, both useful for holding papers or cards. Open the flaps and on the reverse find a host of useful elastic pencil and stationery holders which continue onto the back of the case.
Elastic holders include:
- pen holders: 27 pcs
- ruler holder: 1 pc
- eraser holder: 1 pc
- sharpener holder: 1 pc
- foil pocket for timetable and papers: 2 pcs
Gym bag with zipper and mesh
This Belmil gym bag is perfect for sport activities. Content can be easily fixed with a drawstring. Lightweight and needs little space for storage. An extra zipper compartment is added. Thanks to the added mesh on the back part, proper airflow is ensured which makes it a great storage of shoes. Made of durable materials. Recommended for children for PE and sport activities. It can be also used as backpack.
Note: The exact weight of product may vary +/- 5%.
model | 403-13 Classy |
gender | for boy |
design | football |
type | school sets |
recommended age | 6, 7, 8, 9 |
chest strap | yes |
method of closing | "click" |
height (cm) | 36 |
width (cm) | 32 |
depth (cm) | 19 |
weight (g) | 890 |
volume (l) | 19 |
material | waterproof, polyester fabric |
brand | Belmil |
warranty | 2 years |
model | 403-13 Classy |
gender | for boy |
design | football |
type | school sets |
recommended age | 6, 7, 8, 9 |
chest strap | yes |
method of closing | "click" |
height (cm) | 36 |
width (cm) | 32 |
depth (cm) | 19 |
weight (g) | 890 |
volume (l) | 19 |
material | waterproof, polyester fabric |
brand | Belmil |
warranty | 2 years |


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The world has come together to help Haiti back to its feet after the devastating earthquake. I thought it would be a good idea to give everyone a "thank you" gift for everything they've done so far — and to encourage those who have not donated to do their part.
Everybody who has donated to Haitian relief is eligible to download my Blue Kingdoms story "The Gift of the Dragons" for free. There are three steps to claiming your free story.
1) Make a donation to Haiti. If you haven't made a donation already, click here to go to the Red Cross site and donate. As I write this, the radio button for Haiti is the last one on the page (scroll down).
2) Publicize your donation. Make a post on Twitter, Facebook, your blog, or some other social networking site telling what Haitian relief charity you've donated to. Your post should also include the message:
Free story for Haiti @ stephendsullivan.com.
Which leaves you 95 or so characters on Twitter (more on other sites) to tell people where you donated and encourage them to do the same. If you want, you can even reference this contest page directly: http://stephendsullivan.com/wordpress/?page_id=570.
3) Sign up for my newsletter. The story link will be going out to my mailing list, either in the March Newsletter or a special edition shortly thereafter. (I promise not to sell your address/info or send things other than the newsletter & related announcements.) You can use the form elsewhere on the site, or the one right below.
The deadline for getting signed up for your free story is March 17, 2010. (Shouldn't St. Patricks Day be your lucky day?) The story will be in the form of a downloadable file suitable for use with a Kindle, computer, or other electronic reading device. The last day for downloading the story for free will be March 31, 2010.
So, what are you waiting for? Send in a donation and get signed up to get your free story today!


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This photo essay is constructed around a collection of images I shot of 95 Phenix Avenue, in Phenix, Rhode island, in 1989, deploying a Minolta SRT 101 35 MM single lens reflex camera and a box-full of Kodak 400 ASA black and white safety film, called that because the film base yields a very tough and permanent negative.
I had gone back to Rhode Island from Southern California after spending part of the Fall in 1989 in an arts residency in the hills of Western Massachusetts, and several weeks in Western Rhode island to visit my adoptive family, and, if possible, to locate my birth mother.
Phenix, Rhode island is a collapsed mill town on the Blackstone River Valley, now taken over by the wealthy, who render textile mills into condos and shopping centers. Various boosters trumpet its historic praises, but I remember spending a summer in 1966 working for my uncle at the Pawtuxet Valley Dye Company, in Phenix, and viewing it as a nearly hopeless dead-end for a young man who had artistic visions dancing in his head. It took more real guts than I possessed to hang in for the long haul.
For the puzzled reader, the Blackstone River valley is a complex of rivers and canals constructed in 1828, meant to connect Central Massachusetts to the Atlantic through Providence, Rhode Island. The textile industry fled to Asia long ago, and only a few of the mills still operate. Presently, we'll be coming back to the rivers.
The Phenix Avenue images represent my first attempt at assembling a cohesive collection of images with a manual 35 MM camera. Heading east, I shot film in San Bernardino, California, El Paso, Texas, Cummington, Massachusetts, and Shannock, Rhode Island. I had the all the film processed, put the negatives in a drawer, and left them hidden away for twenty two years, until a friend recently scanned and printed them for me.
In 1928, my adoptive father built 95 Phenix Avenue for my uncle, Larry Faella. He excavated the foundation, constructed the stone-lined cellar, worked his way up to the second story and finished it off by lining the carved-out earthen walls with native stone. He was said to be one of the few men in Rhode Island with the skills to stack them so beautifully.
But then, he could build 150-foot fishing vessels and create nearly anything he imagined, so I don't believe he was much challenged by the project. I've often wondered if that house felt as good to him as it did to me.
If the house in which you were raised is still standing, no matter how long it's been since you've seen it, you can still feel it in the pit of your stomach, and the spirits that now inhabit it will have become both close friends and occasional meddlesome spooks.
I haven't seen the house in twenty-two years, but when I last did, in 1989, I remembered every detail: the ship-lapped boards long ago weather-proofed, the raw, earthy gouges that support the sod banks, and the garage roof, with it's earthen extension along the freestanding outer wall, heaving and sighing into the weight of the hillside, where my cousin and Gerald and I once tried jumping off of the garage roof with umbrellas, just to see if we could parachute to safety.
But more than any other feature, I remember its intoxicating odor, rich, slightly damp, womb-like in it's earthy embrace, the center of something I still fail to understand, yet so powerful that in 1969, when I was furious, and struggling to excavate the roots of my adoption, I rode a Greyhound bus three thousand miles from California to Rhode Island, where my family generously allowed me to take refuge in that house while I battled various demons. It took me twenty more years to find what I was looking for.


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Need a brake!
Yep it's official~I need a Blog Break!
I know this because I'm starting to feel a little stressed....
I just haven't been able to post as much as I would like.
And I told myself if I wasn't having fun then I needed a break.
So I am off to get some things done around here
and to get re-inspired! ;o)
Talk to Soon!


text: Welcome to the concave world of Rohana wheels. Luxurious impeccable aftermarket wheels that will make your car stand out anywhere you drive. Performance and luxury vehicles are the perfect match for Rohana wheels. The staggered wheel application that you've been looking for is here with classics wheels models such Rohana RC10 wheels, Rohana RC26 Wheels, Rohana RC22 Wheels and Rohana RC8 Wheels.


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Are you struggling to lose weight for a long time? Have you tried almost everything from going to the gym and trying popular diet plans but end up disappointed without having clear results? It is high time you try the Cinderella Solution, that has helped thousands of women across the world!
What is Cinderella Solution?
It is a downloadable product and can be accessed in seconds in any device, like your laptop, personal computer, tablets and phones.
This system is exclusively designed for women over 25 years of age who find themselves struggling with losing weight not knowing that it is the effect of a hormonal transition that occurs between puberty and menopause which essentially destroys and affects female metabolism.
Now, you can bring back the body you once had and boost your confidence along with it while living a healthy and happy life with your family.
Who is the Creator of Cinderella Solution?
Cinderella Solution was created by Carly Donovan. Just like you, she had problems with losing weight. She was concerned with her failing metabolism and deteriorating health.
One of the reasons for this weight loss system is Carly because she is real and relatable, not a made-up name or a fitness guru. Just a girl who acted and did some research to find a solution and live her Cinderella story.
Instead of going to a plastic surgeon's office, she went to a Bio-Nutrition Research Laboratory at her local university to discover 'Shoku-Iku" or Nutrition Architecture, a set of guidelines, broken down into extremely simple food and flavor-pairing ritual designed by the slimmest and the most disease-resistant country, Japan.
She is a strong believer that the most successful and empowered women on the planet are action takers.
How to Use Cinderella Solution?
The Cinderella Solution is a downloadable program made up of 2 important phases, the Ignite Phase and the Launch Phase. These phases are Cinderella Solution's approach to weight loss. On the first part of the program, you are introduced to the Cinderella Solution, what it is about and how to get started. Part two focuses on the tools and resources needed to easily go through this weight loss system. This includes meals plans and recipes. Part three will teach you flavor pairing and DIY meal creator. Part Four is about the Top 10 flavor pairs and weight loss combinations.
1. It has already transformed a lot of women's lives.
2. Safe and effective way of losing weight.
3. No need for pills, heavy equipment and calorie counter applications.
4. Positive results and reviews from women who tried the program.
5. No restrictive diets and grueling exercise.
6. The product is downloadable, so you can access it anytime and anywhere.
7. Guide you to become fitter and healthier.
8. The weight loss system comes with bonuses like Brand New Cinderella Accelerator Package for FREE and Fat-Loss Master Plan and Accelerator Movement Sequencing book
9. It is backed with a 60 Day 100% Money Back Guarantee.
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2017 June Cisco Official New Released 200-125 Dumps in Lead2pass.com!
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2017 latest released Cisco official 200-125 exam question free download from Lead2pass! All new updated questions and answers are real questions from Cisco Exam Center!
Following questions and answers are all new published by Cisco Official Exam Center: http://www.lead2pass.com/200-125.html
Refer to the exhibit. Which two statements are true about interVLAN routing in the topology that is shown in the exhibit? (Choose two.)
A. Host E and host F use the same IP gateway address.
B. Router1 and Switch2 should be connected via a crossover cable.
C. Router1 will not play a role in communications between host A and host D
D. The FastEthernet 0/0 interface on Router1 must be configured with subinterfaces.
E. Router1 needs more LAN interfaces to accommodate the VLANs that are shown in the exhibit.
F. The FastEthernet 0/0 interface on Router1 and the FastEthernet 0/1 interface on Switch2 trunk ports
must be configured using the same encapsulation type.
Answer: DF
Which two of these are characteristics of the 802.1Q protocol? (Choose two.)
A. It is used exclusively for tagging VLAN frames and does not address network reconvergence following
switched network topology changes.
B. It modifies the 802.3 frame header, and thus requires that the FCS be recomputed.
C. It is a Layer 2 messaging protocol which maintains VLAN configurations across networks.
D. It includes an 8-bit field which specifies the priority of a frame.
E. It is a trunking protocol capable of carrying untagged frames.
Answer: BE
802.1Q protocol, or Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks protocol, mainly stipulates the realization of the VLAN. 802.1Q is a standardized relay method that inserts 4 bytes field into the original Ethernet frame and re-calculate the FCS. 802.1Q frame relay supports two types of frame: marked and non-marked. Non-marked frame carries no VLAN identification information.
Refer to the exhibit. Each of these four switches has been configured with a hostname, as well as being configured to run RSTP. No other configuration changes have been made. Which three of these show the correct RSTP port roles for the indicated switches and interfaces? (Choose three.)
A. SwitchA, Fa0/2, designated
B. SwitchA, Fa0/1, root
C. SwitchB, Gi0/2, root
D. SwitchB, Gi0/1, designated
E. SwitchC, Fa0/2, root
F. SwitchD, Gi0/2, root
Answer: ABF
The question says "no other configuration changes have been made" so we can understand these switches have the same bridge priority. Switch C has lowest MAC address so it will become root bridge and 2 of its ports (Fa0/1 & Fa0/2) will be designated ports. Because SwitchC is the root bridge so the 2 ports nearest SwitchC on SwitchA (Fa0/1) and SwitchD (Gi0/2) will be root ports..
Now we come to the most difficult part of this question: SwitchB must have a root port so which port will it choose? To answer this question we need to know about STP cost and port cost. In general, "cost" is calculated based on bandwidth of the link. The higher the bandwidth on a link, the lower the value of its cost. Below are the cost values you should memorize:
SwitchB will choose the interface with lower cost to the root bridge as the root port so we must calculate the cost on interface Gi0/1 & Gi0/2 of SwitchB to the root bridge. This can be calculated from the "cost to the root bridge" of each switch because a switch always advertises its cost to the root bridge in its BPDU. The receiving switch will add its local port cost value to the cost in the BPDU.
One more thing to notice is that a root bridge always advertises the cost to the root bridge (itself) with an initial value of 0.
Now let's have a look at the topology again
SwitchC advertises its cost to the root bridge with a value of 0. Switch D adds 4 (the cost value of 1Gbps link) and advertises this value (4) to SwitchB. SwitchB adds another 4 and learns that it can reach SwitchC via Gi0/1 port with a total cost of 8. The same process happens for SwitchA and SwitchB learns that it can reach SwitchC via Gi0/2 with a total cost of 23 -> Switch B chooses Gi0/1 as its root port ->
Now our last task is to identify the port roles of the ports between SwitchA & SwitchB. It is rather easy as the MAC address of SwitchA is lower than that of SwitchB so Fa0/2 of SwitchA will be designated port while Gi0/2 of SwitchB will be alternative port.
Below summaries all the port roles of these switches:
+ DP: Designated Port (forwarding state)
+ RP: Root Port (forwarding state)
What is one benefit of PVST+?
A. PVST+ supports Layer 3 load balancing without loops.
B. PVST+ reduces the CPU cycles for all the switches in the network.
C. PVST+ allows the root switch location to be optimized per VLAN.
D. PVST+ automatically selects the root bridge location, to provide optimized bandwidth usage.
Answer: C
The PVST+ provides Layer 2 load-balancing for the VLAN on which it runs. You can create different logical topologies by using the VLANs on your network to ensure that all of your links are used but that no one link is oversubscribed. Each instance of PVST+ on a VLAN has a single root switch. This root switch propagates the spanning-tree information associated with that VLAN to all other switches in the network. Because each switch has the same information about the network, this process ensures that the network topology is maintained and optimized per VLAN.
Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator normally establishes a Telnet session with the switch from host A . However, host A is unavailable. The administrator's attempt to telnet to the switch from host B fails, but pings to the other two hosts are successful. What is the issue?
A. Host B and the switch need to be in the same subnet.
B. The switch interface connected to the router is down.
C. Host B needs to be assigned an IP address in VLAN 1.
D. The switch needs an appropriate default gateway assigned.
E. The switch interfaces need the appropriate IP addresses assigned.
Answer: D
Ping was successful form host B to other hosts because of intervlan routing configured on router. But to manage switch via telnet the VLAN32 on the switch needs to be configured interface vlan32 along with ip address and its appropriate default-gateway address. Since VLAN1 interface is already configure on switch Host A was able to telnet switch.
Which are valid modes for a switch port used as a VLAN trunk? (Choose three.)
A. transparent
B. auto
C. on
D. desirable
E. blocking
F. forwarding
Answer: BCD
Refer to the exhibit. Which switch provides the spanning-tree designated port role for the network segment that services the printers?
A. Switch1
B. Switch2
C. Switch3
D. Switch4
Answer: C
Printers are connected by hubs. Decide the switch that provides the spanning-tree designated port role between Switch3 and Switch4. They have the same priority 32768. Compare their MAC addresses. Switch3 with a smaller MAC address will provide a designated port for printers.
Refer to Exhibit. How many broadcast domains are shown in the graphic assuming only the default VLAN is configured on the switches?
A. one
B. two
C. six
D. twelve
Answer: A
Only router can break up broadcast domains but in this exhibit no router is used so there is only 1 broadcast domain.
For your information, there are 7 collision domains in this exhibit (6 collision domains between hubs & switches + 1 collision between the two switches).
Which three of these statements regarding 802.1Q trunking are correct? (Choose three.)
A. 802.1Q native VLAN frames are untagged by default.
B. 802.1Q trunking ports can also be secure ports.
C. 802.1Q trunks can use 10 Mb/s Ethernet interfaces.
D. 802.1Q trunks require full-duplex, point-to-point connectivity.
E. 802.1Q trunks should have native VLANs that are the same at both ends.
Answer: ACE
By default, 802.1Q trunk defined Native VLAN in order to forward unmarked frame. Switches can forward Layer 2 frame from Native VLAN on unmarked trunks port. Receiver switches will transmit all unmarked packets to Native VLAN. Native VLAN is the default VLAN configuration of port. Note for the 802.1Q trunk ports between two devices, the same Native VLAN configuration is required on both sides of the link. If the Native VLAN in 802.1Q trunk ports on same trunk link is properly configured, it could lead to layer 2 loops. The 802.1Q trunk link transmits VLAN information through Ethernet.
Refer to the exhibit. The output that is shown is generated at a switch. Which three statements are true? (Choose three.)
A. All ports will be in a state of discarding, learning, or forwarding.
B. Thirty VLANs have been configured on this switch.
C. The bridge priority is lower than the default value for spanning tree.
D. All interfaces that are shown are on shared media.
E. All designated ports are in a forwarding state.
F. This switch must be the root bridge for all VLANs on this switch.
Answer: ACE
From the output, we see that all ports are in Designated role (forwarding state). The command "show spanning-tree vlan 30 only shows us information about VLAN 30. We don't know how many VLAN exists in this switch ->
The bridge priority of this switch is 24606 which is lower than the default value bridge priority 32768 -> .
All three interfaces on this switch have the connection type "p2p", which means Point-to-point environment ?not a shared media >;
The only thing we can specify is this switch is the root bridge for VLAN 3o but we can not guarantee it is also the root bridge for other VLANs ->
Refer to the exhibit. At the end of an RSTP election process, which access layer switch port will assume the discarding role?
A. Switch3, port fa0/1
B. Switch3, port fa0/12
C. Switch4, port fa0/11
D. Switch4, port fa0/2
E. Switch3, port Gi0/1
F. Switch3, port Gi0/2
Answer: C
In this question, we only care about the Access Layer switches (Switch3 & 4). Switch 3 has a lower bridge ID than Switch 4 (because the MAC of Switch3 is smaller than that of Switch4) so both ports of Switch3 will be in forwarding state. The alternative port will surely belong to Switch4. Switch4 will need to block one of its ports to avoid a bridging loop between the two switches. But how does Switch4 select its blocked port? Well, the answer is based on the BPDUs it receives from Switch3. A BPDU is superior than another if it has:
1. A lower Root Bridge ID
2. A lower path cost to the Root
3. A lower Sending Bridge ID
4. A lower Sending Port ID
These four parameters are examined in order. In this specific case, all the BPDUs sent by Switch3 have the same Root Bridge ID, the same path cost to the Root and the same Sending Bridge ID. The only parameter left to select the best one is the Sending Port ID (Port ID = port priority + port index). In this case the port priorities are equal because they use the default value, so Switch4 will compare port index values, which are unique to each port on the switch, and because Fa0/12 is inferior to Fa0/1, Switch4 will select the port connected with Fa0/1 (of Switch3) as its root port and block the other port -> Port fa0/11 of Switch4 will be blocked (discarding role).
Which term describes a spanning-tree network that has all switch ports in either the blocking or fowarding state?
A. converged
B. redundant
C. provisioned
D. spanned
Answer: A
Spanning Tree Protocol convergence (Layer 2 convergence) happens when bridges and switches have transitioned to either the forwarding or blocking state. When layer 2 is converged, root bridge is elected and all port roles (Root, Designated and Non-Designated) in all switches are selected.
What are the possible trunking modes for a switch port? (Choose three.)
A. transparent
B. auto
C. on
D. desirable
E. client
F. forwarding
Answer: BCD
Which two of these statements regarding RSTP are correct? (Choose two.)
A. RSTP cannot operate with PVST+.
B. RSTP defines new port roles.
C. RSTP defines no new port states.
D. RSTP is a proprietary implementation of IEEE 802.1D STP.
E. RSTP is compatible with the original IEEE 802.1D STP.
Answer: BE
When network topology changes, rapid spanning tree protocol (IEEE802.1W, referred to as RSTP) will speed up significantly the speed to re-calculate spanning tree. RSTP not only defines the role of other ports: alternative port and backup port, but also defines status of 3 ports: discarding status, learning status, forwarding status.
RSTP is 802.1D standard evolution, not revolution. It retains most of the parameters, and makes no changes.
Refer to the exhibit. Which two statements are true of the interfaces on Switch1? (Choose two.)
A. Multiple devices are connected directly to FastEthernet0/1.
B. A hub is connected directly to FastEthernet0/5.
C. FastEthernet0/1 is connected to a host with multiple network interface cards.
D. FastEthernet0/5 has statically assigned MAC addresses.
E. FastEthernet0/1 is configured as a trunk link.
F. Interface FastEthernet0/2 has been disabled.
Answer: BE
Carefully observe the information given after command show. Fa0/1 is connected to Switch2, seven MAC addresses correspond to Fa0/1, and these MAC are in different VLAN. From this we know that Fa0/1 is the trunk interface.
From the information given by show cdp neighbors we find that there is no Fa0/5 in CDP neighbor. However, F0/5 corresponds to two MAC addresses in the same VLAN. Thus we know that Fa0/5 is connected to a Hub.
Based on the output shown, there are multiple MAC addresses from different VLANs attached to the FastEthernet 0/1 interface. Only trunks are able to pass information from devices in multiple VLANs.
Three switches are connected to one another via trunk ports. Assuming the default switch configuration, which switch is elected as the root bridge for the spanning-tree instance of VLAN 1?
A. the switch with the highest MAC address
B. the switch with the lowest MAC address
C. the switch with the highest IP address
D. the switch with the lowest IP address
Answer: B
Each switch in your network will have a Bridge ID Priority value, more commonly referred to as a BID. This BID is a combination of a default priority value and the switch's MAC address, with the priority value listed first. The lowest BID will win the election process.
For example, if a Cisco switch has the default priority value of 32,768 and a MAC address of 11- 22-33-44-55-66, the BID would be 32768:11-22-33-44-55-66. Therefore, if the switch priority is left at the default, the MAC address is the deciding factor in the root bridge election.
What are three advantages of VLANs? (Choose three.)
A. VLANs establish broadcast domains in switched networks.
B. VLANs utilize packet filtering to enhance network security.
C. VLANs provide a method of conserving IP addresses in large networks.
D. VLANs provide a low-latency internetworking alternative to routed networks.
E. VLANs allow access to network services based on department, not physical location.
F. VLANs can greatly simplify adding, moving, or changing hosts on the network.
Answer: AEF
VLAN technology is often used in practice, because it can better control layer2 broadcast to improve network security. This makes network more flexible and scalable. Packet filtering is a function of firewall instead of VLAN.
Which two benefits are provided by using a hierarchical addressing network addressing scheme? (Choose two.)
A. reduces routing table entries
B. auto-negotiation of media rates
C. efficient utilization of MAC addresses
D. dedicated communications between devices
E. ease of management and troubleshooting
Answer: AE
Here are some of the benefits of hierarchical addressing:
Reference: http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=174107
What is the alternative notation for the IPv6 address B514:82C3:0000:0000:0029:EC7A:0000:EC72?
Answer: D
There are two ways that an IPv6 address can be additionally compressed: compressing leading
zeros and substituting a group of consecutive zeros with a single double colon (::). Both of these can be used in any number of combinations to notate the same address. It is important to note that the double colon (::) can only be used once within a single IPv6 address notation. So, the extra 0's can only be compressed once.
Refer to the diagram. All hosts have connectivity with one another. Which statements describe the addressing scheme that is in use in the network? (Choose three.)
A. The subnet mask in use is 255.255.255.192.
B. The subnet mask in use is 255.255.255.128.
C. The IP address 172.16.1.25 can be assigned to hosts in VLAN1
D. The IP address 172.16.1.205 can be assigned to hosts in VLAN1
E. The LAN interface of the router is configured with one IP address.
F. The LAN interface of the router is configured with multiple IP addresses.
Answer: BCF
The subnet mask in use is 255.255.255.128: This is subnet mask will support up to 126 hosts, which is needed.
The IP address 172.16.1.25 can be assigned to hosts in VLAN1: The usable host range in this subnet is 172.16.1.1-172.16.1.126
The LAN interface of the router is configured with multiple IP addresses: The router will need 2 subinterfaces for the single physical interface, one with an IP address that belongs in each VLAN.
Which two statements describe characteristics of IPv6 unicast addressing? (Choose two.)
A. Global addresses start with 2000::/3.
B. Link-local addresses start with FE00:/12.
C. Link-local addresses start with FF00::/10.
D. There is only one loopback address and it is ::1.
E. If a global address is assigned to an interface, then that is the only allowable address for the interface.
Answer: AD
Below is the list of common kinds of IPv6 addresses:
The network administrator has been asked to give reasons for moving from IPv4 to IPv6. What are two valid reasons for adopting IPv6 over IPv4? (Choose two.)
A. no broadcast
B. change of source address in the IPv6 header
C. change of destination address in the IPv6 header
D. Telnet access does not require a password
E. autoconfiguration
Answer: AE
IPv6 does not use broadcasts, and autoconfiguration is a feature of IPV6 that allows for hosts to automatically obtain an IPv6 address.
An administrator must assign static IP addresses to the servers in a network. For network 192.168.20.24/29, the router is assigned the first usable host address while the sales server is given the last usable host address. Which of the following should be entered into the IP properties box for the sales server?
A. IP address: 192.168.20.14
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.248
Default Gateway: 192.168.20.9
B. IP address: 192.168.20.254
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway: 192.168.20.1
C. IP address: 192.168.20.30
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.248
Default Gateway: 192.168.20.25
D. IP address: 192.168.20.30
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.240
Default Gateway: 192.168.20.17
E. IP address: 192.168.20.30
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.240
Default Gateway: 192.168.20.25
Answer: C
For the 192.168.20.24/29 network, the usable hosts are 192.168.24.25 (router) ?192.168.24.30 (used for the sales server).
Which subnet mask would be appropriate for a network address range to be subnetted for up to eight LANs, with each LAN containing 5 to 26 hosts?
Answer: D
For a class C network, a mask of 255.255.255.224 will allow for up to 8 networks with 32 IP addresses each (30 usable).
How many bits are contained in each field of an IPv6 address?
Answer: D
An IPv6 address is represented as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits, each group representing 16 bits (two octets). The groups are separated by colons (:). An example of an IPv6 address is 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334.
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5 Safe and Effective Birth Control Methods For Nursing Moms
This following information is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor.
As a new mom, you may find yourself facing many decisions from a new perspective. The birth control choice that was right for you before pregnancy may not be the right choice after having a baby, especially if you are nursing. For answers about birth control after baby, including when to start and what options are best while breastfeeding, I considered both my doctor's advice and the experiences shared by Circle of Moms members.
When to Start
Typically, doctors advise holding off on intercourse until you have a checkup with your ob-gyn about six weeks after giving birth. At this visit, your doctor will evaluate how you are healing and whether it is safe to begin having sex again. It's important to give your body a break, and as Circle of Moms member Kristin G. says: "Now is a really good time to talk to your OB/Gyn about the options available and do a little research on your own. Also, talk with your husband about the size of family you think you might want and how far apart you might want them to be... You need to let yourself heal. You've got time to make these choices."
It is true that some women heal quickly and feel ready for sex as soon as two to four weeks after delivery. Other moms say it took months before they felt ready to have intercourse again, especially after a difficult vaginal birth or C-section. One mom named Phara delivered via C-section and felt she needed some extra time: "Even though I had a C-section, we waited three months. I wanted to give my body a rest after all it had been through!"
One thing is for sure: whether you wait three weeks or three months, it is possible to get pregnant after giving birth. That's why it's important to talk to your partner about using protection if you don't want another baby right away.
Birth Control and Breastfeeding
If you are nursing your newborn, there are some special considerations when it comes to choosing the right birth control method. You want a proven, effective way to prevent pregnancy without decreasing your milk supply or causing your baby to ingest anything harmful. Your main choices fall into two categories: nonhormonal birth control or hormonal birth control.
Nonhormonal Options
- Condoms
Birth control methods that do not use hormones are considered the safest for nursing moms. The most commonly used nonhormonal birth control is the condom. As Michelle K. sums it up, "Condoms are good, cheap, and [have fewer] side effects." Another member, Jane M., recommends condoms because you can use them right away and they allow your partner to "pick up the slack," giving you more time to make decisions with your doctor about long-acting methods. - IUD — ParaGard
A long-acting, nonhormonal birth control method that is gaining popularity in the US is the ParaGard IUD (intrauterine device). Unlike the other IUD, which is known as Mirena, ParaGard uses no hormones, which is one of the reasons Circle of Moms user Margaret K. likes this option: "I have Paragard IUD. Works fabulously. Longer and heavier each month but no cramping which is a plus for me. It also lasts for 10-12 years." An IUD can usually be inserted by your doctor during an office visit. The most common ParaGard side effect indicated by women in the Circle of Moms communities is heavier periods. Read more about the ParaGard IUD on the manufacturer's website, ParaGard.com.
Hormonal Options
- IUD — Mirena
There are birth control methods that use low doses of hormones and are considered safe while breastfeeding. As mentioned above, another long-acting IUD called Mirena has gained popularity in recent years. Mirena is similar to ParaGard, except that it releases low doses of hormones and lasts for up to five years. There is quite a lot of chatter about Mirena in the Circle of Moms communities. You will find members who share very positive experiences, as well as moms who had complications and problems with this method. Samantha M. had nothing but great things to say about her decision to get Mirena: "I got it six weeks after my son was born (he is two now), and I have had no problems with it at all! I would recommend [it] because it is good for five years. I also haven't had a cycle in two years, which is another huge benefit!" A community on Circle of Moms called "Mirena Moms" is dedicated to moms who use or have used the Mirena IUD and have had problems as a result. If you are considering Mirena, this community discusses side effects in detail. Read more about the Mirena IUD on the manufacturer's website, Mirena.com. - Minipill
Another very popular hormonal birth control for nursing mothers is the "minipill." There are several different manufacturers' names for birth control pills that only contain the hormone progestin. Megan B. says her doctor prescribed a minipill called Micronor: "It is low dose, that way no more hormones than necessary get into the breast milk." Alison O. also likes the minipill because "It's not supposed to mess with your milk supply". If you have used birth control pills in the past, the risks and side effects are about the same with the minipill. According to WebMD, minipills are about 95 percent effective, which is slightly less effective than standard birth control pills. - Injectables and Implants
I put these in the same category because they use virtually the same hormone and both are inserted in the arm — the only difference is the delivery method. Depo-Provera is a shot that you get in your arm every few months. It is highly effective at preventing pregnancy and safe for nursing moms, however, many doctors have moved away from Depo because of evidence that it causes significant bone loss with prolonged use. (See: "Birth Control and Depo-Provera" at WebMD.) Some women in the Circle of Moms communities who have used Depo over the years also reported side effects including weight gain, loss of libido, mood swings, and irregular bleeding. Implanon is a similar form of birth control in which a matchstick-sized rod is placed under the skin of your arm. It remains in place and is effective for up to three years. Women who share their Implanon experiences on Circle of Moms report similar side effects to those listed above for Depo-Provera. Racheal S. used this method in the years before having her twins and again, after: "I loved it although it makes your period irregular sometimes... It was just hassle-free and a lot cheaper than the pill." Evelyn M. also recommends Implanon: "I've had mine in [for] 1.5 years. Very good, high contraceptive protection. Everybody is different in how they react/get side effects. I personally don't have many and found it good. I don't get periods anymore!" Read more about Implanon on the manufacturer's website, Implanon-usa.com.
Is Breastfeeding Birth Control?
There is a great deal of debate over whether or not nursing your baby is birth control in itself. It is a fact that breastfeeding can delay ovulation, and there is a practice known as lactational amenorrhea that women have used for centuries to prevent pregnancy. Circle of Moms member Sara J. outlines the method very well: "You cannot supplement at all with anything. You must feed on demand, day and night. Ecological breastfeeding works best to prevent the return of fertility. Moms that practice ecological breastfeeding co-sleep, feed on demand day and night, no pacifiers or bottles, and usually delay the introduction of solids."
Even if you are able to adhere to these strict methods and delay ovulation, you will begin to ovulate again at some point in time. Skipping a feeding here and there, along with your baby's natural progression to solids, will put an end to the birth control aspect of breastfeeding. Will you know when that happens? As Melissa J. says, "the reason it is not reliable birth control is because you never know when you will start ovulating again."
Which birth control method has worked best for you since becoming a mom?
This article is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor.


text:
Does Thinking Make Us Fatter?
Researchers Find Mental Tasks Cause People to Eat More
As a so-called knowledge worker, who spends more time on my computer then on my mattress, I found the following article by Lee Dye, published on ABC News, Online, September 10, 2008, fascinating and frightening. The majority of women hold "Think-Work" positions. If focus and concentration stimulates our appetites as indicated in the sited study, we are going to have to find a new strategy for "desk-bound" wellness.
Angelo Tremblay noticed something odd every time he worked up a grant application for his research program in a Quebec university. He had a craving for chocolate chip cookies.
Now, thanks to research in his lab at the Universite Laval, he has a better understanding of why. It turns out that performing mental tasks, like trying to solve problems while working at a computer, stimulates the appetite so much that people tend to eat significantly more calories than they burned while performing the "knowledge-based" tasks.
In a study published in the current issue of Psychosomatic Medicine, researchers found a physiological basis for the spike in appetite. Mental work "destabilizes" the levels of insulin and glucose, two critical components in the body's regulatory and energy machinery, thus stimulating the appetite, said Jean-Philippe Chaput, lead author of the study.
"The brain uses only glucose for energy," unlike the "muscles, which use fat and glucose," Chaput said in a telephone interview. So when the level of glucose, or sugar, becomes unstable, the brain demands more.
According to the research, participants consumed far more calories after performing mental tasks than they consumed after relaxing for the same period of time.
The study is quite small, involving only 14 women, so the results are only tentative, but Chaput said he and his fellow researchers have already embarked on a larger study involving 50 men and 50 women. Only women were used in the pilot study because it has been well established that men and women react differently to stress, and the researchers did not want to cloud the results.
At this point, however, the study indicates that a rapidly changing lifestyle toward "knowledge-based work," like time spent at the computer or trying to solve mental challenges, may be a significant factor in the current obesity epidemic, Chaput said.
"There are a lot of people doing this kind of work now, compared to physical work in the past, so we postulate that it can explain in part" why so many people in so many countries are getting fat, he said.
As the researchers put it in their paper, "knowledge-based work represents the main working modality in a context of modernity." In other words, many are spending fewer calories, but taking more in, because of changes in the work environment.
That's true not only in the world of employment, but in the world of entertainment as well. Many people are spending more time playing computer games, some of which can be intellectually challenging, than playing tennis, for example.
The researchers are members of the university's department of medicine, and they specialize in kinesiology, the mechanics and anatomy of human movement. The 14 women in the study were all students, ranging in age from 20 to 30 years. All were in good health, with no eating disorders, normal weight, and free of food allergies.
During a two-month period they were each required to participate in three 45-minute exercises consisting of relaxing in a chair, reading a document and writing a summary of 350 words, and "a cognitive task consisting of a comprehensive battery of computerized tests."
Each participant was tested separately from the others.
Each "came into the lab at 8 a.m., and we gave each participant a standardized breakfast," Chaput said. "After that we started the exercise at 10:30 a.m., one participant at a time, and they came every two weeks. At about 11:30 a.m. we gave them a buffet type of meal, comprising a lot of food."
The food in the buffet was weighed and analyzed before and after the lunch, so researchers knew precisely how much and which type of food each participant had eaten. Various tests during each exercise also told the researchers precisely how many calories the participants were burning at the time.
The participants burned only about three calories more during each of the two "knowledge-based" experiments than during the 45 minutes when they rested in a comfortable chair. So the caloric expenditures were relatively quite low for mental tasks compared to the period spent relaxing.
But the intake was significantly higher. Participants consumed 203 more calories after the reading experiment, and 253 more calories after the computer tests, than the resting participants. That's an increase of 23.6 percent and 29.4 percent, respectively.
Measurements of glucose and insulin became quite erratic during the mental tests. Glucose soared almost immediately when the participants were reading and then dropped dramatically. It dropped and remained below normal during the computerized tests. Insulin rose slightly during the reading test, and then dropped, and it dropped steadily during the computer tests.
That erratic performance by both glucose and insulin caused the appetite to rise, apparently in response to a need to restore the energy balance, the researchers conclude. The results probably would have been different if men had been included in the study, as they will be in future research. That's because mental challenges provoke stress, and it "is expected to be higher in females than in males," according to Chaput. That is also reflected in many other studies. He said women also tend to eat more following stress than men do, although "we don't know why yet."
Although the first study was limited to college-aged participants, Chaput said other research in his lab suggests that the same findings will apply to children as well as to older adults.
But if mental challenges cause people to eat more food, why aren't nearly all college professors fat?
Simple, Chaput said. Eating is only part of the weight control "package," he added. It's possible to spend a lot of time working out problems at the computer if that is balanced with a reasonable amount of time working out, literally.
Some college professors, of course, are fat. Maybe the skinny ones use their computers on the treadmill.
Lee Dye is a former science writer for the Los Angeles Times. He now lives in Juneau, Alaska.


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Not only is the recipe completely decadent and full of chocolate goodness, it is high in protein and fiber too!
I was a skeptic, but now that I've tasted the delicious creation, I almost always have a box of this on hand:
Note: be sure to use *silken* tofu, regular or firm tofu will not work. |
Delicious Chocolate Mousse Dip (Dairy-Free)
1/2 cup dark or semi-sweet chocolate chips
12 oz container silken tofu
1/3 cup cocoa powder
2 teaspoons vanilla extra
1/4 cup agave nectar, sugar or other sweetener
In a microwave safe dish, melt the chocolate chips by cooking on HIGH in 30 second increments. After each increment, stir the chocolate, repeating until it is smooth.
In a food processor, combine the melted chips, tofu, cocoa powder and vanilla:
Process until smooth, then add the agave or other sugar and process until the mixture is smooth:
Chill for 30 minutes (if you can wait--one time when I made a batch, it was room temperature because none of us wanted to wait!).
Serve with fresh strawberries for dipping:
Or pretzels:
Or eat a bit out of a bowl, with extra chips for good measure:
Life is sweet!


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ICT Systems Test Engineer - ANZSCO 263213
- Description
- Specifies, develops and writes test plans and test scripts, produces test cases, carries out regression testing, and uses automated test software applications to test the behaviour, functionality and integrity of systems, and documents the results of tests in defect reports and related documentation.
- Skill Level
- 1
- Alternative Titles
- Systems Tester
- Test Analyst (ICT)
- Skills Assessment Authority
- Caveats
- No caveats apply to this occupation.
Group: 2632 ICT Support and Test Engineers
- Description
- develop procedures and strategies to support, create, maintain and manage technical quality assurance processes and guidelines and systems infrastructure, investigate, analyse and resolve system problems and performance issues, and test the behaviour, functionality and integrity of systems.
- Tasks
- scheduling and conducting quality audit inspections, and analysing and reviewing systems, data and documentation
- identifying variations and potential high risk areas in securing adherence to standards and procedures
- recommending corrective action plans and improvements in the resolution of non-compliance with standards detected through monitoring and auditing of processes and procedures
- communicating, educating and liaising with users and management to ensure awareness and adherence to standards, procedures and quality control issues and activities
- assisting in troubleshooting, diagnosing, testing and resolving system problems and issues
- developing, conducting and providing technical guidance and training in application software and operational procedures
- analysing, evaluating and diagnosing technical problems and issues such as installation, maintenance, repair, upgrade and configuration and troubleshooting of desktops, software, hardware, printers, Internet, email, databases, operating systems and security systems
- testing, identifying and diagnosing functionality errors and faults in systems, and programming code within established testing protocols, guidelines and quality standards to ensure systems perform to specification
- performing organisational systems architecture reviews and assessments, and recommending current and future hardware and software strategies and directions
- creating and reviewing technical documentation such as procedural, instructional and operational guides and manuals, technical reports and specifications and maintenance inventory systems
- Skill Level
- Most occupations in this unit group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification. At least five years of relevant experience and/or relevant vendor certification may substitute for the formal qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).


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New Yorker Charlie Freyre's sinuses had been bothering him for weeks last winter, during a COVID-19 surge in the city. It was before vaccines became widely available.
"I was just trying to stay in my apartment as much as possible," Freyre says, so checking in with his doctor via an online appointment "just seemed like a more convenient option. And you know, it was very straightforward and very easy."
The $20 copay was well worth it for the 26-year-old ad salesman, whose girlfriend also routinely relies on telehealth to see her nutritionist. "It's a very easy way to get an expert opinion without having to necessarily leave your apartment," fill out forms or spend idle time in waiting rooms, Freyre says. "We all know what going to the doctor can be like."
But now, Freyre has a sore knee — and he's not content to to visit his doctor by phone or Zoom. "That's something that I will 100% want handled in person."
Freyre's telehealth experience is fairly typical. Telehealth is continuing to have its breakout moment — transforming the way we receive routine medical care during the pandemic, when visiting medical centers has carried with it the risk of coronavirus infection. Yet even today, with that infection risk easing for those who have been vaccinated, many patients nevertheless prefer that doctors, nurses and other health workers be able to examine and talk to them in person.
That's one finding from a poll by NPR, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the T.H. Chan School of Public Health at Harvard that surveyed patients in August and September. Around 42% of respondents said someone in their household had used telehealth. Of those, 82% reported satisfaction, yet nearly two-thirds — 64% — would have preferred to see their nurse or doctor in person.
In-person visits can be more thorough
"I think people just really like that face-to-face visit," says Rebekah Bernard, a Fort Myer, Fla., family physician, and a board member of Physicians for Patient Protection, which advocates for better patient care. Bernard, who runs a concierge medical practice that charges patients a flat monthly fee for services, says she started offering telehealth options to her patients five years ago, long before COVID-19 hit U.S. shores. Back then, not one of her patients used it. That changed during the pandemic, when patients told her having the telehealth option allayed their worries about getting safe access to health care.
That sort of shift in acceptance and how it's used may have big implications for telehealth's role in the U.S. in the future. It's use by various physical and mental health specialties grew tremendously in 2020, as federal and state governments and insurance companies adopted emergency COVID-19 measures, relaxing restrictions on coverage, privacy controls and professional licensing, for example. Now, some of those rules regarding telehealth appointments are being reinstated.
Bernard, the physician in Florida, says the last year has also shown her the limits and downsides of telehealth: "You may be missing that opportunity to be talking with the doctor who's going to say, 'Hey, by the way, I see you haven't had your mammogram or you haven't had your pap [smear].' "
Both she and most patients prefer in-person visits, because it is both more personal, thorough and ultimately, she says, better for the patients' health.
A lifeline in rural areas
But when and where such visits aren't available, she says, telehealth can be critical. "What's going to be important is offering patients options and finding out what makes the most sense in a certain area," she says. "I'm sure in rural areas or places where, for example, they don't have a lot of specialists like psychiatrists, we really need to make sure we have access to telehealth for those patients."
Myriad telehealth companies are already investing to make that happen.
New York City-based TytoCare, helps medical centers and doctors gather data on patients remotely by distributing devices that can sensitively measure patients' oxygen levels or take images of the inside of their throat, for example. David Bardan, a vice president at TytoCare, says that data is then transmitted to doctors, who use it diagnose medical problems.
Nursing homes in rural areas, for example, are heavy users of the service, he says. "This is way more convenient than having to potentially air-transport or even having to drive long distances, in many cases, to access those specialists," he says. That's the sort of circumstance where telehealth excels, Barden says — and he believes those applications of telehealth will endure.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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For the second time in four seasons, the Washington-Lee football program turned the home field of its Arlington rival into a site of historical achievement.
W-L earned its first district championship since 1975 with a 10-0 victory against Yorktown on Friday night at Greenbrier Stadium. A 20-yard field goal by Henry Casey in the third quarter put the Generals ahead to stay, and senior quarterback Sam Appel added a 1-yard insurance touchdown early in the fourth.
W-L finished the regular season with an 8-2 record and went undefeated against district foes. Yorktown also went 8-2, with its only district loss coming against W-L.
"It's a community win," W-L head coach Josh Shapiro said. "The community that we work in and love and embrace is successful, but when you carry something like this on your shoulders for 30 years, it weighs on them. I think it's leveling the playing field, saying hey, we can compete with the best. I think it's a huge uplift for the school and the Washington-Lee community."
Football will continue to recognize district champions through the 2014 season despite the VHSL's move to a six-class system, which replaced districts with re-aligned conferences. Washington-Lee, Yorktown and Hayfield transitioned from the National District to Conference 6 in the 6A North region, which includes five teams from the former Liberty District.
On this night, however, the Generals celebrated as National District and Arlington County champions.
"I'm proud of all these seniors that came together and were able to do something special," Appel said. "It's four years in the making and it ended right."
This wasn't the first time W-L earned a historic victory at Greenbrier Stadium. In 2010, the Generals snapped a 28-year losing streak against Yorktown, beating the Patriots on their home field in the quarterfinal round of the regional playoffs. On that night, W-L running back Anthony Taylor was the best player on the field, carrying 42 times for 255 yards and four touchdowns en route to a 28-7 win.
"It's a community win. The community that we work in and love and embrace is successful, but when you carry something like this on your shoulders for 30 years, it weighs on them. I think it's leveling the playing field, saying hey, we can compete with the best. I think it's a huge uplift for the school and the Washington-Lee community."
--- W-L football coach Josh Shapiro
On Friday, the best player on the field from a talent standpoint was Yorktown running back/defensive back MJ Stewart, who is committed to play for the University of North Carolina. Despite being hobbled by an ankle injury, Stewart made a big play early in the game, thwarting a W-L scoring opportunity with an interception at the goal line. But a team effort by the Generals was enough to overcome the Patriots' star athlete, who was limited to 37 yards on 16 carries and three receptions for 38 yards.
The W-L defense handed Yorktown its first shutout loss since the Patriots were blanked by Centreville in 2010.
"You know you have to account for No. 6 (Stewart) and you do damage control around him," Shapiro said. "… What we said is, look, we have a locker room full of good, talented seniors that have inspired our juniors and sophomores to step up and show them the right way and we felt like we had a … full team. We felt like this was something that was an advantage to us, that we had multiple weapons."
The leader of the W-L defense Friday night was senior lineman Peter Griffin. Listed at 6 feet 1 and 230 pounds, Griffin, who missed his entire junior season with a shoulder injury, wreaked havoc in the Patriots backfield, sacking quarterback Will Roebuck on multiple occasions.
"I know how important this is to him because he had to sit out the whole last year because of a shoulder injury and he just played out of his mind all night," Appel said. "He stepped up on the biggest stage possible and he just worked so hard. We were all saying, 'This is amazing. He looks like the best player on the field every single play.'"
The W-L offense moved the ball well for most of the night but failed to score during each of its first three trips inside the Yorktown 10-yard line. The Generals drove to the Yorktown 8-yard line in the first quarter but Stewart intercepted Appel on third down. In the second quarter, W-L reached the Patriots' 6, but Casey missed a 23-yard field goal attempt.
During the opening possession of the second half, W-L drove inside the Yorktown 1-yard line, but the Patriots stuffed Appel's attempted sneak on fourth down.
W-L finally capitalized on its next opportunity, when Casey booted a 20-yard field goal with 3:30 left in the third.
Yorktown's ensuing possession ended when W-L defensive back Dwayne Williams intercepted Roebuck and returned it into the end zone. A W-L penalty during the return negated the touchdown, but the Generals started deep in Yorktown territory. After an 18-yard run by Daquay Harris took the ball down to the Patriots' 1-yard line, Appel pushed his way into the end zone for a touchdown and a 10-0 lead with 11:44 remaining in the fourth quarter.
Harris had a big night on the ground, carrying 32 times for 227 yards. Appel completed 8 of 16 passes for 102 yards and an interception. Trevor McManus had four receptions for 68 yards.
W-L and Yorktown each qualified for the 6A North region playoffs, which start next weekend.
"We haven't won the district since '75," Griffin said, "so for us to really put our name on it, it's like a dream come true."


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Exploring JDK 7, Part 4: New I/O: The Next Generation
- New Filesystem Interface
- Asynchronous I/O
- Completion of Socket-Channel Functionality
- Conclusion
Oracle's release of JDK 7 is expected to occur this coming fall. This new release will offer a suite of new features for you to learn.
This final article in a four-part series that introduces you to some of these features presents the next generation of New I/O. If this is your first stop, be sure to read Part 1, Part 2, and Part 3 first.
Back in 2000, Sun Microsystems launched JSR 51: New I/O APIs for the Java Platform to develop APIs that provide access to an operating system's low-level input/output operations for improving performance. Introduced as part of J2SE 1.4, and according to Wikipedia's New I/O entry, New I/O (NIO) consists of the following APIs:
- Buffers for data of primitive types
- Character set encoders and decoders
- A pattern-matching facility based on Perl-style regular expressions
- Channels, a new primitive I/O abstraction
- A file interface that supports locks and memory mapping of files up to Integer.MAX_VALUE bytes (2GB)
- A multiplexed, non-blocking I/O facility for writing scalable servers (based upon selectors and keys)
JSR 203: More New I/O APIs for the Java Platform ("NIO.2") picks up from where JSR 51 left off. NIO.2, as it's commonly known, addresses significant problems with the java.awt.File-based filesystem interface, introduces asynchronous I/O, and completes functionality not included with JSR 51. The following major components are included in JSR 203:
- A new filesystem interface that supports bulk access to file attributes, change notification, escape to filesystem-specific APIs, and a service-provider interface for pluggable filesystem implementations
- An API for asynchronous (as opposed to polled, non-blocking) I/O operations on both sockets and files
- The completion of the socket-channel functionality defined in JSR 51, including the addition of support for binding, option configuration, and multicast datagrams
This article introduces you to NIO.2.
New Filesystem Interface
Java's File class suffers from significant problems. For example, the delete() and mkdir() methods return a status code instead of throwing an exception when something goes wrong; there's no way to tell the failure's cause. Additional problems include the following:
- File doesn't provide a method to detect symbolic links. To learn why symbolic link detection is important, and to discover attempts to fix this problem, check out Patrick's article, How to deal with filesystem softlinks/symbolic links in Java and Links/Aliases/Shortcuts in Java.
- File provides access to a limited set of file attributes. It doesn't provide access to file permissions and access control lists.
- File doesn't provide a way to access all of a file's attributes (such as a file's modification time and its type) at one time, which exacts a performance penalty because the filesystem is queried for each attribute request.
- File's list() and listFiles() methods, which return arrays of filenames and directory names, don't scale to large directories. When listing a large directory over a network, a list()/listFiles() method call might block the current thread for a long period of time. In severe cases, the virtual machine might run out of memory.
- File doesn't provide methods to copy and move files. Although File provides a renameTo() method that, in some cases, can be used to move a file, its behavior is platform-dependent, meaning that it behaves inconsistently across platforms. According to renameTo()'s documentation, this method might not be able to move a file from one filesystem to another, it might not be atomic, and it might not succeed if a file with the destination abstract pathname already exists.
- File doesn't provide a change notification facility, which requires an application to poll for changes, resulting in a performance penalty. For example, a server that needs to determine when a new JAR file has been added to a directory would need to poll that directory so that it could load (or reload) the JAR file. Performance suffers because the server's background thread needs to hit the filesystem for each poll.
- File doesn't allow developers to introduce their own filesystem implementations. For example, a developer might want to store a filesystem in a zip file, or even create an in-memory filesystem.
NIO.2 introduces a new filesystem interface that overcomes these problems and more. This interface consists of the classes and other types located in the new java.nio.file, java.nio.file.attribute, and java.nio.file.spi packages.
These packages provide several entry points. One of these entry points is the java.nio.file.Paths class, which provides a pair of methods for returning a java.nio.file.Path instance (a file reference that locates a file, which doesn't have to exist, via a system-dependent path):
- public static Path get(String path) constructs a Path instance by converting the given path string and returns this instance.
- public static Path get(URI uri) constructs a Path instance by converting the given path Uniform Resource Identifier and returns this instance.
Once you have a Path instance, you can use this instance to perform a variety of path operations (returning parts of the path and joining two paths, for example) and a variety of file operations (such as deleting, moving, and copying files).
The need for brevity prevents me from thoroughly exploring Path. For that reason, I'm only demonstrating the former get() method and Path's delete() method in the context of Listing 1's small utility application.
Listing 1InformedDelete.java
// InformedDelete.java import java.io.IOException; import java.nio.file.DirectoryNotEmptyException; import java.nio.file.NoSuchFileException; import java.nio.file.Path; import java.nio.file.Paths; public class InformedDelete { public static void main (String [] args) { if (args.length != 1) { System.err.println ("usage: java InformedDelete path"); return; } // Attempt to construct a Path instance by converting the path argument // string. If unsuccessful (you passed an empty string as the // command-line argument), the get() method throws an instance of the // unchecked java.nio.file.InvalidPathException class. Path path = Paths.get (args [0]); try { path.delete (); // Attempt to delete the path. } catch (NoSuchFileException e) { System.err.format ("%s: no such file or directory%n", path); } catch (DirectoryNotEmptyException e) { System.err.format ("%s: directory not empty%n", path); } catch (IOException e) { System.err.format ("%s: %s%n", path, e); } } }
InformedDelete employs Path's delete() method to overcome the problem of File's delete() method not identifying a failure's cause. When Path's delete() method detects a failure, it throws a suitable exception:
- java.nio.file.NoSuchFileException is thrown if the file doesn't exist.
- java.nio.file.DirectoryNotEmptyException is thrown if the file is a directory that couldn't be deleted because the directory contains at least one entry.
- A subclass of java.io.IOException is thrown if some other kind of I/O problem occurs. For example, java.nio.file.AccessDeniedException is thrown if the file is read-only.


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In this policy we use the term "cookies" to refer to cookies and other similar technologies covered by the EU Directive on privacy in electronic communications.
What is a cookie?
A cookie is a small piece of data that a website asks your browser to store on your computer or mobile device. The cookie allows the website to "remember" your actions or preferences over time. Most Internet browsers support cookies; however, users can set their browsers to decline certain types of cookies or specific cookies. Further, users can delete cookies at any time.
Why do we use cookies?
We use cookies to learn how you interact with our content and to improve your experience when visiting our website(s). Additionally, cookies allow us to serve you specific content, such as videos on our website(s). We may employ the learnings of your behavior on our website(s) to serve you with targeted advertisements on third-party website(s) in an effort to "re-market" our products and services to you.
What types of cookies do we use?
Session Cookies
Session cookies are temporary cookies that are used to remember you during the course of your visit to the website, and they expire when you close the web browser.
How are third party cookies used?
For some of the functions within our websites we use third party suppliers, for example, when you visit a page with videos embedded from or links to YouTube. These videos or links (and any other content from third party suppliers) may contain third party cookies, and we encourage you to consult the privacy policies of these third party vendors on their websites for information regarding their use of cookies.
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Feeling Friendly in my comfortable easy-to-wear Karina Dress |
The Brand: Karina Dresses is a woman-owned apparel company located in Brooklyn, New York, where the dresses are made. Founded in 2007 by Karina Cousineau, who is the owner, the designer and the visionary behind this modestly ambitious brand. Karina's goal? To create "a fashion line that makes every "body" feel and look great, no matter what shape or size."
The Dress: The dresses are American made. In fact, they are designed, cut, assembled and sewn right in the Karina Dresses workshop/offices located in Brooklyn, New York. They are made by seamstresses being paid a living wage. The fabric used to make Karina Dresses is a heavy gauge micro-fiber that is breathable and fluid in movement.
Karina Dresses are easy to wear & eco-friendly. Also, pretty easy on the eyes. |
Enter code: BellaQ for $30 off your Karina Dresses purchase! |
Photo Credits: Bella Q |
The fabric is sourced in small batches making each dress part of a limited edition. |
- Vintage "pussy bow" striped blouse, Freestyle
- U.S. made grey print microfiber dress, c/o Karina Dresses
- Alice + Olivia for Payless Shoes striped wedges, online


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08/20/09 Design Against Fur 2009
Winning entries in the European & International round of the 2009 Design Against Fur competition announced
- Students from Croatia awarded with a Special Commendation (Andrej Radisic) and a Commendation (Andrija Saric)
Animal Friends, The Fur Free Alliance and Humane Society International are delighted to announce the winners of the annual European & International region of the Design Against Fur advertising poster competition – the student design competition with a conscience.
More than 7,000 students from around the world take part in the design competition every year. This year their artworks were judged by a panel of fashion, advertising and design experts who were tasked with choosing winning artworks that conveyed the message: "The wearing of fur is cruel and unnecessary."
"These compassionate students have used their design skills to great effect, delivering creative, compelling pieces of artwork that convey the message that fur is cruel, and in doing so they have shown a great understanding of the cruelties of the international fur trade, a trade that kills more than 75 million animals every year," said John Grandy, Ph.D., senior vice president for wildlife and habitat protection of The Humane Society of the United States.
The 2009 European & International region winners are:
1st Place: Yoon Kyung Eom - Pratt Institute, New York, US
2nd Place: J. Links Salas - Fashion Institute of Technology, New York, US
3rd Place: Xavier Bertels - Media & Design Academie, Genk, Belgium
3rd Place: Elizabeth Swain - James Madison University, Virginia, US
All the winning posters can be viewed here: DAF 2009 winning entries.
The winners receive cash prizes and certificates for their portfolios. In additional to the top prizes this year's judges also awarded a further 12 Special Commendations and 10 Commendations to students from various countries.
Croatian students from the The Polytechnic of Zagreb this year were awarded with a Special Commendation (Andrej Radisic) and a Commendation (Andrija Saric).
The Design Against Fur competition continues grow every year, with students taking part from more than 60 countries around the world.
An annual competition, first held in 2003, it is open to all students in colleges around the world and is judged in four regions: China, Europe & International, Russia and UK & Ireland. The winners of each region are then considered for the overall Grand Prize – and are also judged by their peers and the public through an online vote which takes places in September at inFURmation.com.
The 2010 Design Against Fur competition will be launched in September 2009, details will be available on the Fur Free Alliance's website: inFURmation.com and www.prijatelji-zivotinja.hr.
1st Place: Yoon Kyung Eom
A Special Commendation: Andrej Radisic
A Commendation: Andrija Saric