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Such negative questions and attitudes are increasing. How refreshing, on cold, windy Thanksgiving Plus One Day, which we spend with our children and grandchildren, when I went outside to shoot baskets with 5-year-old Connor. Connor is very bright, but needs work on his hand-to-eye coordination. I set the basket at a convenient height for him, but his first several shots banged off the backboard off-target. Then he said, very brightly and bravely, "I don't quit, because I have never-give-up fighting spirit." It seems his karate lessons are paying off.
Some adults need Connor's help. A Scientific American article by Michael Lemonick, "Beyond the Tipping Point", described our 2008 paper "Target Atmospheric CO2 : Where Should Humanity Aim?" Lemonick concluded with the almost-obligatory "fair and balanced" opinion, delivered by Steve Schneider. In response to our conclusion that we must get atmospheric CO2 to peak during the next few decades, and then decline back to 350 ppm or less, Schneider opines "It has no chance in hell. None. Zero. The best we can do is to overshoot, reach 450 or 550 parts per million, then come back as quickly as possible on the back end."
Everyone knows we are overshooting. The 2009 CO2 global mean is 387 ppm and it is increasing 2 ppm per year. In our "Target" paper we showed that, if coal emissions were phased down linearly to zero in 2030 and emissions from unconventional fossil fuels were prohibited, peak CO2 could be kept at about 425 ppm — or even lower if a rising carbon price made it uneconomic to go after every last drop of oil. But Hillary Clinton recently signed an agreement with Canada for a pipeline to carry tar sands oil to the United States. Australia is massively expanding coal export facilities. Coal-fired power plants are being built worldwide. Unless the public gets involved, young people especially, CO2 of 450 ppm or higher may become unavoidable.
What would make Schneider's "450 or 550" ppm unavoidable is a defeatist attitude. Humanity does have a free will. We do not have to accept the inevitability of extracting and burning all of the most miserably polluting fossil fuels on the planet. What we need mostly is some gumption, some never-give-up fighting spirit. I am sending to Steve, a friend of almost 40 years, the addresses of some karate schools located conveniently.
Cavalier "450 or 550" also warrants comment. Coming back to 350 ppm or less from a temporary peak of 425-450 ppm is something that would be feasible this century, mainly via "natural" actions such as improved forestry and agricultural practices. 550 ppm is a whole different cup of tea, guaranteeing a chaotic situation with climate system amplifying feedbacks and dynamics out of humanity's control.
The most foolish no-fighting-spirit statement, made by scores of people, is this: "we have already passed the tipping point, it is too late." They act as if a commitment to a meter of sea level rise is no different than a commitment to several tens of meters. Or, if a million species become committed to extinction, should we throw in the towel on the other nine million? What would the plan be then — escape to Mars? As I make clear in Storms of My Grandchildren, anybody who thinks we can transplant even one butterfly species to another planet has some loose screws. We must take care of the planet we have — easily the most remarkable one in the known universe.
Let's say we have passed a tipping point — say current atmospheric composition is enough to cause a large eventual sea level rise. What do we do? Wring our hands? What we must do is restore the planet's energy balance, or make it slightly negative. That does not guarantee that heat already added to the ocean will not further erode ice shelves and cause sea level rise. But it gives us a fighting chance to minimize that problem. Of course, it would help if we knew the current planetary energy balance accurately, and the climate forcings — that's the subject in chapter 4 of Storms.
Any Hope of Cutting Global Carbon Emissions?
Absolutely. It is possible — if we give politicians a cold hard slap in the face. The fraudulence of the Copenhagen approach — "goals" for emission reductions, "offsets" that render even iron-clad goals almost meaningless, an ineffectual "cap-and-trade" mechanism — must be exposed. We must rebel against such politics-as-usual.
Science reveals that climate is close to tipping points. It is a dead certainty that continued high emissions will create a chaotic dynamic situation for young people, with deteriorating climate conditions out of their control, as described in my book.
Science also reveals what is needed to stabilize atmospheric composition and climate. Geophysical data on the carbon amounts in oil, gas, and coal show that the problem is solvable, if we phase out global coal emissions within 20 years and prohibit emissions from unconventional fossil fuels such as tar sands and oil shale.
Such constraints on fossil fuels would cause carbon dioxide emissions to decline 60 percent by mid-century, or even more if policies make it uneconomic to go after every last drop of oil. Improved forestry and agricultural practices could then bring atmospheric carbon dioxide back to 350 ppm (parts per million) or less, as required for a stable climate.
Governments going to Copenhagen claim to have such goals for 2050, which they will achieve with the "cap-and-trade" mechanism. They are lying through their teeth. Unless they order Russia to leave its gas in the ground and Saudi Arabia to leave its oil in the ground (which nobody has proposed), they must phase out coal and prohibit unconventional fossil fuels.
Instead, the United States signed an agreement with Canada for a pipeline to carry oil squeezed from tar sands. Australia is building port facilities for large increases in coal export. Coal-to-oil factories are being built. Coal-fired power plants are being constructed worldwide. Governments are stating emission goals that they know are lies — or, if we want to be generous, they do not understand the geophysics and are kidding themselves.
Is it feasible to phase out coal and avoid use of unconventional fossil fuels? Yes, but only if governments face up to the truth: as long as fossil fuels are the cheapest energy, their use will continue and even increase on a global basis. Fossil fuels are cheapest because they are not made to pay for their effects on human health, the environment, and future climate.
Governments must place a uniform rising price on carbon, collected at the fossil fuel source — the mine or port of entry. The fee should be given to the public in toto, as a uniform dividend, payroll tax deduction, or both. Such a tax is progressive — the dividend exceeds added energy costs for 60 percent of the public. Fee-and-dividend stimulates the economy, providing the public the means to adjust lifestyles and energy infrastructure.
Fee-and-dividend can begin with the countries now considering cap-and-trade. Other countries will either agree to a carbon fee or have duties placed on their products that are made with fossil fuels. As the carbon price rises, most coal, tar sands and oil shale will be left in the ground. The market place will determine the roles of energy efficiency, renewable energy, and nuclear power in our clean energy future.
Cap-and-trade with offsets, in contrast, is astoundingly ineffective. Global emissions rose rapidly in response to the Kyoto Protocol, as expected, because fossil fuels remained the cheapest energy. Cap-and-trade is an inefficient compromise, paying off numerous special interests. It must be replaced with an honest approach, raising the price of carbon emissions, and leaving the dirtiest fossil fuels in the ground.
Are we going to stand up and give global politicians a hard slap in the face, to make them face the truth? It will take a lot of us — probably in the streets. Or are we going to let them continue to kid themselves and us, and cheat our children and grandchildren?
Intergenerational inequity is a moral issue. Just as when Abraham Lincoln faced slavery and when Winston Churchill faced Nazism, the time for compromises and half-measures is over. Can we find a leader who understands the core issue, and will lead?


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Skip to main contentThe Manufacturers Midway is at the center of the Fairgrounds. It is where sponsors, major partners, the OEMs and larger aftermarket companies are located during our action-packed events.
A company does not need to be a "manufacturer" to be on the Midway. Each space on the Midway consists of 10 feet of frontage and 30 feet of depth. The surface is grass – fronting on a paved pathway. The fees for Midway space are all inclusive and provide, in addition to the actual display space, the following:
To submit a request to be on the Midway, please use the form below.
If you have any questions, please email firstname.lastname@example.com or call Ed Scholly at 717-243-7855 x118.
Book online or call (800) 216-1876

subset: commoncrawl


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Cancer profoundly scars the genome of an affected cell. Amplification and overexpression of chunks of DNA sequence are common—but it's not always clear whether these changes are directly involved in the disease or byproducts of some other malfunction. Further complicating the search for treatments, many genes that are altered in cancer cells are involved in multiple biochemical pathways, making it difficult to know which to target with drugs. To shed light on one such pathway, researchers whose work is featured in the October issue of GENETICS used a clever assay in budding yeast.
The researchers focused on CKS1B, a cell cycle gene that is often found in many copies in cancer cells. Cell cycle dysregulation is common in cancers, so amplification of CKS1B may contribute to pathogenesis. To identify pathways that are important when CKS1B is amplified, the researchers overexpressed the yeast homolog, CKS1, in yeast strains from a knockout collection (in which a different gene is mutated in each strain) and looked for strains that failed to grow. These strains struggle to function when CKS1 levels are boosted, indicating that there is a genetic interaction between CKS1 and each strain's mutated gene (technically called synthetic dosage lethality). This search revealed interactions with pathways that affect cell viability or growth, both crucial to rapidly-dividing cancer cells.
By targeting genes that cause lethality when disrupted in cells overexpressing CKS1B, it might be possible to selectively wound cancer cells that have amplified CKS1B. Many of the interacting genes found in the screen are conserved from yeast to humans. One of the genes identified is cdc5, an ortholog of mammalian PLK1, and they discovered that overexpression of CKS1B increased the sensitivity of cancer cells to Plk1 inhibition. Thus, the authors suggest that CKS1B amplification has the potential to be used as a biomarker of cancer susceptibility to Plk1 inhibitors, a class of cancer drugs that is currently under development. Perhaps one day, the genetic links identified in yeast might help clinicians personalize cancer treatment in people.
Reid, R.; Du, X.; Sunjevaric, I.; Rayannavar, V.; Dittmar, J.; Bryant, E.; Maurer, M.; Rothstein, R. A Synthetic Dosage Lethal Genetic Interaction Between CKS1B and PLK1 Is Conserved in Yeast and Human Cancer Cells.


text: Many of the most serious human rights violations in the US occur in the realm of criminal justice. The criminal justice system—from policing and prosecution through to punishment—is plagued with injustices like racial disparities, excessively harsh sentencing, and drug and immigration policies that improperly emphasize criminalization. As a result, the United States has the largest reported prison population in the world. Specific policies often have a particularly harsh impact on youth, racial minorities or low-income populations accused of or victimized by crime. Jail and prison conditions are in many respects unsafe and inhumane. The US Program investigates such injustices and advocates for reforms to ensure that the US meets its international legal obligations to ensure accountability for serious offenses, while doing so in a fair and non-discriminatory manner.


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Mount Ruapehu is undoubtedly one of the premier outdoor destinations in the North Island of New Zealand. Far from being just the largest ski field in New Zealand, it is also an international hiking and tramping destination, a remarkable area for kayaking, mountain biking, and for those uninterested in those pursuits, it is most definitely an area of unparalleled natural beauty.
Mount Ruapehu is best described as being centrally located in the North Island. In terms of travel, it could not be in a better position to simultaneously serve all major cities on North Island of New Zealand. From the two extremes of travel, Auckland and Wellington, drive times vary between four to four and a half hours. The nearest major town to Ruapehu is Taupo, located roughly one and a half hours north from the Mount Ruapehu.
In the short time that Mount Ruapehu has been utilized as a snow destination it has managed to build up from a snow tipped mountain in the middle of nowhere to three fully developed ski fields Turoa, Ruapehu and Tukino. Alongside these lie a collection of towns and villages providing all necessary amenities. Interest in Mount Ruapehu does not wane once the snow melts. It is a stunning volcanic landscape, which draws countless visitors every year, and the nearby Tongariro Crossing is considered to be New Zealand's best day hike.
Regardless of activity, every area of Mount Ruapehu is a truly amazing feat of nature.
Welcome to Mount Ruapehu!


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15 Mg Minerals Carlson Labs
Carlson Labs is renowned for its commitment to the highest quality ingredients in its supplement formulations. Known for sourcing only the finest raw materials, the brand has established a reputation for exceptional quality. Read More >
1-1 of 1 Product
About Carlson Labs
Stringent quality control measures ensure that each supplement is crafted with these premium ingredients, guaranteeing purity and potency. This dedication to quality is a cornerstone of Carlson Labs' identity, making them a trusted name in the nutritional supplement industry. Customers can be assured that every Carlson Labs product undergoes rigorous testing, reflecting the brand's unwavering commitment to delivering superior supplements.
Operating from an FDA-registered laboratory, Carlson Labs exemplifies its dedication to safety and compliance. Adhering to rigorous regulatory standards, their state-of-the-art facility ensures the highest level of quality assurance throughout the manufacturing process. This commitment to operating within an FDA-registered environment highlights Carlson Labs' focus on delivering safe and reliable nutritional supplements. Consequently, customers can have complete confidence in the quality and integrity of the products offered by Carlson Labs, knowing that they are produced under the strictest oversight and care.
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Explore the range of high-quality supplements from Carlson Labs, each crafted with a focus on purity and effectiveness.
Carlson Labs Cod Liver Oil 1100 Mg Omega-3s Liquid: Carlson Labs' Cod Liver Oil in Lemon Flavor offers a potent dose of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins A and D, EPA, and DHA. Sourced from wild, cold water fish off the coast of Norway, this sustainably harvested cod liver oil supports cardiovascular health, brain function, vision, and joint health. Processed for freshness and potency, this supplement is tested for quality and flavored with natural lemon, making it a pleasant and nutritious addition to your daily routine.
Carlson Labs Magnesium 400 Mg: Carlson Labs' Magnesium supplement delivers 400mg of liquid Magnesium Oxide per softgel, contributing to various health benefits. This essential mineral supports over 300 enzyme reactions, including heart rhythm regulation, muscle contraction, blood vessel relaxation, and energy production. Ideal for supporting bone health, cardiovascular health, and muscle function, this magnesium supplement is a versatile choice for maintaining optimal health. Free from preservatives and gluten, it's suitable for various dietary needs.
Carlson Labs Super DHA Gems 500 Mg: Super DHA Gems from Carlson Labs are a high-quality Omega-3 supplement, providing 1000mg of fish oil concentrate per softgel. This includes 500mg of DHA and 100mg of EPA, derived from a special blend of Norwegian fish oils. Enriched with natural vitamin E to maintain freshness and support the body's vitamin E needs, this supplement is ideal for supporting heart, brain, vision, and joint function. Regularly tested for purity and potency, Super DHA Gems meet stringent quality standards, ensuring you get a pure, potent product free from harmful contaminants.
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Carlson Labs has a rich history spanning over 55 years, grounded in a commitment to quality and innovation in the nutritional supplement industry. Founded in 1965 in Chicago by John and Susan Carlson, the company began as a small family venture, driven by a passion for natural health enhancement. This foundation has grown Carlson Labs into a globally recognized brand known for excellence.
Adhering to stringent quality standards and sourcing only the finest ingredients, Carlson Labs has earned the trust of healthcare professionals and consumers alike, establishing itself as a trusted name in nutritional supplements. Over the years, the company has broadened its range to include diverse vitamins, minerals, and wellness products, all aimed at supporting optimal health.
Today, as a family-owned entity, Carlson Labs continues to embody the vision of its founders. The company's enduring focus on quality, innovation, and customer satisfaction has solidified its position as a leader in the health and wellness sector, continuing to make a significant impact on improving global health and well-being.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who founded Carlson Labs and when?
Carlson Labs was founded by John and Susan Carlson in 1965. The company started as a small family-owned business in Chicago and has since grown into a globally recognized brand.
Are Carlson Labs products gluten-free?
Many of Carlson Labs' products are gluten-free. However, it's always best to check the specific product labeling for gluten information or contact their customer service for confirmation on individual supplements.
Are Carlson Labs products tested for purity and potency?
Yes, Carlson Labs tests their products rigorously for purity and potency. They ensure that their supplements meet strict quality standards to provide customers with safe and effective products.
Does Carlson Labs offer vegetarian or vegan options?
Carlson Labs offers a variety of vegetarian and vegan options in their product lineup. Customers should look for specific labeling on the products or inquire with their customer service for details on vegan and vegetarian-friendly supplements.
Are Carlson Labs supplements suitable for children?
Carlson Labs offers specific supplements that are suitable for children. These products are formulated to meet the nutritional needs of children and are labeled accordingly.
Can I find Carlson Labs products internationally?
Yes, Carlson Labs products are available internationally. Customers can find their products in various countries or order them online from different retailers.
What is the Carlson Labs return policy?
Carlson Labs typically offers a return policy for their products. Customers should refer to their website or contact customer service for detailed information on the return policy, including time frames and conditions.
Are there any allergens in Carlson Labs supplements?
While Carlson Labs takes measures to ensure the safety of their products, it's important for customers with allergies to review the product labels for specific allergen information. The company also provides information regarding common allergens in their products, but for any specific concerns, it's advisable to consult directly with their customer service.


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You Could Have Fooled Me!
I've always agreed with the saying that, "laughter is the best medicine." I guess that's why I've always liked April Fools' Day so much. I think a little joking around keeps everyone on their toes and in a positive state of mind, as long as it's all done with a kind spirit. But I never really understood why the first of April is the day set aside for hoaxes and pranks, so I did a little research. Here's everything you ever wanted to know about April Fools' Day.
Although April Fools' Day, or as it's known in some places All Fools' Day, has been celebrated all over the world for hundreds of years, no one is quite sure when or why it started.
The concept of festivals built around costumes and hoaxes started as early as Ancient Rome. Each spring, the Romans would celebrate Hilaria, which is Latin for cheerful, merry, joyful, by donning disguises.
Some historians say that the celebration of April Fools Day itself started in France in the 1500s. You see, at this time, the French were transitioning away from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar. One of the differences between these two calendars is what day each new year begins on. Since word didn't travel as quickly then as it does now—no phone, Internet or social media will slow things down a lot—some people were left in the dark about the calendar change. These people became the butt of jokes, pranks and hoaxes as they continued to celebrate the new year the last week of March through April 1.
Other historians have tied the concept of April Fools' Day to the crazy shifts that so commonly occur in the weather at this time of year. Warm one day, freezing the next—sounds like mother nature is playing a joke on us!
Now April Fools' Day has become a worldwide phenomenon with celebrities and corporations even taking part. I hope you'll join in the fun this year. Just remember not to take anything too seriously.


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Hello. My name is Nancy Wilkerson. Welcome to my website. I provide professional mental & behavioral health counseling from a christian perspective. I have designed Ephesians 4:15 Counseling Services to be a safe, therapuetic place where research based clinical practices, biblical truth and 30 years of professional counseling experience come together to help you on your life journey.
I have taken the name Ephesians 4:15 Counseling Services from that same Bible verse where the Apostle Paul instructs...
"Instead, speaking the truth in love, we will in all things grow up into him who is the Head, that is, Christ." Ephesians 4:15
I am a straight talker. I believe that incorrect beliefs, lies spoken and untruths believed are the source of much defeat and heartache in our lives. They prevent us from growing into the healthy, happy mature people God created us to be. Sometimes the truth is hard to hear and even harder to believe, but speaking it in love rather than condemnation opens a path to authentic change.
The goal of psychotherapy is not just to feel better temporarily. It is to actually be better by living heathier lives. The goal is to get right…right within yourself, right in your relationships with others and right with God. My goal is to always speak truth with genuine respect and authentic love. To this end, "Speaking the Truth in Love" was established.
In Matthew 11:28, Jesus instructed..."Come to me, all who are weary and heavy-laden, and I will give you rest." God meets all of us where we are. Therefore, Christians and Non-Christians alike; people of faith, as well as people who have lost their faith, are all welcome at Ephesians 4:15 Counseling. You the client will decide to what extent Christian Beliefs and Practices are integrated into the discussion.
Mental Heath Counseling from a Christian Perspective recognizes that there are Divine solutions to human problems. In this troubled, stress filled world, we need God's peace to guard our emotions and thoughts. Philippians 4:7 says "And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus".
A Christian Perspective informs us that healing, and overcoming life's trials, is not just about being strong or getting stronger in and of ourselves. Philippians 4:13 says "I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me". We humans were not designed to rely on our own resources. We were not made to be independent from God. God created us to be in relationship with Him. What a blessing it is when we finally realize that God truly loves us. He has not abandoned us here. His mercy and grace really are sufficient. In 2nd Corinthians 12:9, the Apostle Paul shared this message from God with his congregation in Corinth... "But he said to me, 'My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness.' Therefore I will boast all the more gladly about my weaknesses, so that Christ's power may rest on me."
When walking thruough life's many challengies with our human limitations, a Christian Perspective invites us to bing our weaknesses to God where He will meet us with His Strength.
But just as God has given humanity freedom of choice, you as the client have the freedom to choose to what extent you want to invite Christian Beliefs and Practices into your therapeutic process here at Ephesians 4:15 Counseling.


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Rubberised Plygene Gutterline System by Dudley Roofing
Economical and efficient… the once and for all lining system that is Guaranteed to stop gutters leaking.
Rubberised Plygene Gutterline is manufactured exclusively by H D Sharman Ltd and it is the fully approved, lining system of choice for roofing contractors, architects, specifiers, developers, local authorities, plus public and private property owners throughout the UK.
Gutterline can be used on any style of roof and for any type of gutter no matter how long or wide it might be. Rubberised Plygene is incredibly strong so it will not crack or split, yet because it is also pliable it can be used with all profiles of gutters, can be fitted under roof claddings and will instantly conform to irregular contours, coping easily with building movement.
Gutterline is the only system of its type to be fully approved by the BBA and when fitted to manufacturer's instructions it is guaranteed Waterproof. Gutterline has been used on the widest possible variety of buildings ranging from the old 'Northern Light' mills, commercial buildings, factories, supermarkets, aircraft hangers, cathedrals, railway stations, hospitals, stately homes, plus a huge variety of private and public sector homes. Gutterline is also becoming increasingly specified to new build projects.
The Gutterline system incorporates a full range of accessories including outlets, end stops and preformed corners ect. Bespoke components can also be manufactured to meet specific requirements.
No messy adhesives. Can be fitted in most weather conditions. Fully Patented.


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When we are children, we run freely, because we have no great subconscious burdens to carry. Very little has happened to us. Of course, our parents and religious institutions try to prepare us for life'stests. But because the conscious mind of a child doesn't know any better, it generally does not accept the preparation without experience, and life begins the waking up to the material world, creating situations about us magnificent opportunities for failing these tests. If we do not fail, we know that we have at some prior time learned the lesson inherent in the experience. Experience gives us a bit of wisdom when we really face ourselves and discover the meaning of failure and success. Failureis just education. But you shouldn't fail once you know the law.
There have been many systems and principles of ethics and morality established by various world teachers down through the ages. All of these have had only one common goal to provide for man living on the planet Earth a guidepost for his thought and action so that his consciousness, his awareness, may evolve to the realization of life's highest goals and purposes. The ancient yoga systems provided a few simple yamas and niyamas for religious observance, defining how all people should live. The yamas, or restraints, provide a basic system of discipline for the instinctive mind. The niyamas, or positive observances, are the affirming, life-giving actions and disciplines.
Life offers you an opportunity. As the Western theologian speaks of sins of omission as well as sins of commission, so we find that life offers us an opportunity to break the law as indicated by the yamas, as well as to omit the observances of the niyamas. If we take the opportunity to live out of tune with Hindu dharma, reaction is built in the subconscious mind. This reaction stays with us and recreates the physical and astral body accordingly.
Have you ever known a friend who reacted terribly to an experience in life and as a result became so changed mentally and physically that you hardly recognized him? Our external conscious mind has a habit of not being able to take the meaning out of life's most evident lessons.
The basic laws of life are so simple that many people don't heed them. Why? Generally because the opportunities afforded us to fail these tests are so plentiful that we generate very good reasons for not paying attention to our lessons. Shall we say it is normal to fail some of these tests? Yes, isn't this like getting a failing grade on a report card in school, not passing some of the tests and having to take a course over again? We must learn from our experiences or find ourselves repeating them again and again.
It is our teaching not to react to life's experiences, but to understand them and in the understanding to free ourselves from the impact of these experiences, realizing the Self within. The true Self is only realized when you gain a subconscious control over your mind by ceasing to react to your experiences so that you can concentrate your mind fully, experience first meditation and contemplation, then samadhi, or Self Realization. First we must face our subconscious.
There are many amusing ways in which people go about facing themselves. Some sit down to think things over, turning out the light of understanding. They let their minds wander, accomplishing nothing. Let me suggest to you a better way.
In facing ourselves let us relate our actions, our thoughts and our feelings to the yamas and the niyamas, the wise restraints and observances of Hindu dharma. In aligning ourselves with these universal laws, we can soon see how clear or muddy is our own subconscious. Fulfilling the restraints first allows us to take the next step on the spiritual path, which is the fulfillment of the observances. As long as we are evading our taxes, it is difficult to live up to the ideal of honesty. As long as we are beating our children, it is difficult to adhere to nonviolence. As long as we are swearing, using asura-invoking, profane words in the home, it will be difficult to cultivate patience. As long as we indulge in pornography, a mental form of adultery, it will be difficult to practice purity. Yes, it will be difficult to cultivate a contemplative nature. All these and more will require serious penance, prayaschitta as it is known in Sanskrit, to change the nature and bring it into harmony with the profound ideals of the ancient Indian sages and yogis.
We carry with us in our instinctive nature basic tendencies to break these divine laws, to undergo the experiences that will create reactive conditions until we sit ourselves down and start to unravel the mess. If we are still reacting to our experiences, we are only starting on the yoga path to enlightenment. As soon as we cease to react, we have for the first time the vision of the inner light.
What do we mean by this word light? We mean light literally, not metaphysically or symbolically, but light, just as you see the lightof the sun or a light emitted by a bulb. You will see light first at the top of the head, then throughout the body. An openness of mind occurs, and great peace. As a seeker gazes upon his inner light in contemplation, he continues the process of purifying the subconscious mind. As soon as that first yoga awakening comes to you, your whole nature begins to change. You have a foundation on which to continue. The yamas and the niyamas are the foundation.
Facing Life's Tests: Two feet planted firmly on the ground, the experienced devotee graciously greets the return of his own self-created karma, paving the way to its resolution rather than its ramification.
The Yamas and Niyamas
From the holy vedas we have assembled here ten yamas and ten niyamas, a simple statement of the ancient and beautiful laws of life. The ten yamas are: 1) Noninjury, ahimsa: Not harming others by thought, word, or deed. 2) Truthfulness, satya: Refraining from lying and betraying promises. 3) Nonstealing, asteya: Neither stealing, nor coveting nor entering into debt. 4) Divine conduct, brahmacharya: Controlling lustby remaining celibate when single, leading to faithfulness in marriage. 5) Patience, kshama: Restraining intolerance with people and impatience with circumstances. 6) Steadfastness, dhriti: Overcoming nonperseverance, fear, indecision and changeableness. 7) Compassion, daya: Conquering callous, cruel and insensitive feelings toward all beings. 8) Honesty, straightforwardness, arjava: Renouncing deception and wrongdoing. 9) Moderate appetite, mitahara: Neither eating too much nor consuming meat, fish, fowl or eggs. 10) Purity, saucha: Avoiding impurity in body, mind and speech. The ten niyamas are: 1) Remorse, hri: Being modest and showing shame for misdeeds. 2) Contentment, santosha: Seeking joy and serenity in life. 3) Giving,dana: Tithing and giving generously without thought of reward. 4)Faith, astikya: Believing firmly in God, Gods, guru and the path to enlightenment. 5) Worship of the Lord, Isvarapujana: The cultivation of devotion through daily worship and meditation. 6) Scriptural listening, siddhanta sravana: Studying the teachings and listening to the wise of one's lineage. 7)Cognition, mati: Developing a spiritual will and intellect with the guru's guidance. 8) Sacred vows, vrata: Fulfilling religious vows, rules and observances faithfully. 9) Recitation, japa: Chanting mantras daily. 10) Austerity, tapas: Performing sadhana, penance, tapas and sacrifice.


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Autodesk M&E 3ds Max Gunslinger summit is a design-focused participatory event in Montreal (Canada) between our users and members of the Autodesk 3ds Max product management, development and design teams. The event is comprised of a series of workshops, design reviews, validation discussions, design charrettes, and more.
3ds Max and 3ds Max Design tools and technology have been used by visualization experts to tell the story of a design in dynamic presentations and won many awards in the entertainment industry. Clients consistently respond to exploring their project or product in context, within their existing surroundings and bustling with life. They, and other stakeholders, also find that video helps them understand complex information about the design. This could be anything from construction logistics, complex function (such as a sliding roof), the impact of design options, or visualization of traffic, weather, stress, airflow and energy. Cinematic storytelling techniques can convincingly evoke emotions and convey these messages with style. Unfortunately, in the past, you'd need a large budget to deliver presentations that include these elements. There are many ways to solve these issues but your feedback is essential. This is why we'd like to meet with you in person.
We are looking to locate people who would be interested or available in attending. The Gunslinger is by invitation only as we can only accommodate so many, and other than travel, all shuttles, hotel, and meals are included by Autodesk. The meeting would be 4 days, Sept 16-19. It is an opportunity to meet our team and influence tools that could help you improve the way you communicate your designs.
If you are interested in the Gunslinger please let us know by completing a short survey. We will then be reviewing the submissions for selecting users but if you are unable to attend this specific Gunslinger but are interested in future events please do fill out the survey.


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One of the star matches on Stadium Court at the Miami Open featured 2014 Wimbledon semifinalist Grigor Dimitrov against promising prospect, Vasek Pospisil. For the Canadian who ousted Juan Martin Del Potro in the first round, it was a miserable day at the office. Dimitrov required only 59 minutes to dismantle his opponent 6-2, 6-2.
The ninth seed came out of the block blazing converting on double break point in the opening game. Dimitrov went on to cash in on another break point in the fifth game to take a 4-1 lead. The Bulgarian closed out the first set with ease with a love hold.
Unfortunately for Popisil, the second set offered more of the same. Leveled at 2 all, the Canadian surrendered his serve by double faulting. After Dimitrov consolidated, Pospisil dropped serve his next game. Without fanfare, Dimitrov sealed the match on his first match point.
In the third round, Dimitrov will battle John Isner. The American had a comfortable 6-3,6-4 victory against reigning junior world number one, 17 year old Andrey Rublev.
Earlier in the afternoon, in a hold over from last evening rained out session, the affable Frenchman Jo-Wilfreid Tsonga tussled with American Tim Smyczek for a spot in the third round. The 2008 Australian Open finalist who was on forced sabbatical due to an arm injury held off Smyczek 6-4,3-6,6-3.
Tsonga was satisfied with his performance considering this was his first match in few months "I didn't expect to play my best tennis today ever. I'm happy the way I managed. . .I played pretty solid. I just had a little hole in the second set, it's normal when you haven't played since couple of months".
Regarding the injury itself, Tsonga reflected "my arm is feeling better today. I hope it's going to be better and better, but for first match was already something good for me."
Next for the world number eleven is compatriot Gael Monfils who skipped Indian Wells this year due to a knee issue. Monfils dug deep against Filip Krajinovic in the tiebreaker after wasting a few match points to win 3-6,6-2,7-6.
On Grandstand court, 2014 U.S. Open finalist Kei Nishikori routed Mikail Youzhny 6-2, 6-1. Fifth seed Milos Raonic and 2013 Miami finalist David Ferrer also crushed their opponents to book their safe passage into the third round. Other winners today include young American Jack Sock, Juan Monaco, Belge David Goffin who schooled 18 year old talent Borna Coric and Fernando Verdasco.


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Related Links
Scientific Background
California Integrated Seismic Network
California's Partner to the Advanced National Seismic System
General Disclaimer
Some USGS information accessed through this page may be preliminary in nature and presented prior to final review and approval by the Director of the USGS. This information is provided with the understanding that it is not guaranteed to be correct or complete, and conclusions drawn from such information are the sole responsibility of the user.
Specific Disclaimer
These are automatic computer generated maps and have not necessarily been checked by human oversight, so they may contain errors. Further, the input data is raw and unchecked, and may contain errors.
Contours can be misleading since data gaps may exist. Caution should be used in deciding which features in the contour patterns are required by the data. Ground motions and intensities can vary greatly over small distances, so these maps are only approximate; when maps are enlarged beyond the limits of the original data in an effort to show small areas, the maps are unreliable.
These maps are preliminary in nature and will be updated as data arrives from distributed sources.
Estimated Intensity Map Disclaimer
The estimated intensity map is derived from ground motions recorded by seismographs and represents Modified Mercalli Intensities (MMI's) that are likely to have been associated with the ground motions. Unlike conventional Modified Mercalli Intensities, the estimated intensities are not based on observations of the earthquake effects on people or structures.
Locations within the same intensity area will not necessarily experience the same level of damage since damage depends heavily on the type of structure, the nature of the construction, and the details of the ground motion at that site. For this reason more or less damage than described in the MMI scale may occur.
Large earthquakes can generate very long-period ground motions that can cause damage at great distances from the epicenter; although the intensity estimated from the ground motions may be small, significant effects to large structures (bridges, tall buildings, storage tanks) may be notable.
The ground motion levels and descriptions associated with each intensity value are based on recent damaging earthquakes. There may be revisions in these parameters as more data become available or from further improvements in methodology.
Modified by
from the
web-portal code
developed by


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Creator: |
C.A.E.S.A.R. stands for "Cute And Edgy Sumo Attack Robot", and is my team's entry into the Mini-Sumo Robot Competition hosted by Auburn University SPaRC. The objective of the competition is to build a small, autonomous robot that is capable of pushing a competing robot out of a sumo ring. The requirements for entry into the competition are as follows:
- The robot must fully fit inside a 10 cm by 10 cm starting area, but there are no height restrictions.
- The robot must weigh no more than 0.5 kg.
- The robot must use up to two of the Solarbotics GM9 motors with the RM2 Motor drop-in replacement for driving the robot.
- Full rules can be found on the Robotics Society website.
In design v0.1, the chassis is a long wedge that initially starts off vertically (in order to fit in the starting area), which then falls down at the start of the match. This design gives C.A.E.S.A.R Bot a nice long ramp that can get underneath the opponent's robot's wheels for easier pushing. It will most likely be built out of lasercut plywood or acrylic, depending on the strength of each material.
Design v0.2 will utilize a truncated pyramid (frustum) casing, where each of the four sides of the robot are inclined. This will allow defensive ramping on all sides, which will help deter attacks from the rear or from the side. There will also be a tall box on top of the casing that will house the ping sensor(s) and electronics. The wheels will be completely enclosed by the casing, so they will be kept out of the reach of the competing robot. The case will most likely be easy to remove, in order to provide access to the batteries, motors, and electronics between rounds.
Enemy Detection
Enemies need to be detected in order to design an effective algorithm to push the other robot out of the ring. Below are some of the sensor possibilities (will probably end up using a combination of both):
Sharp IR Sensor:
- Benefits:
- Long line of sight
- Only one input pin needed
- Fast measurements
- Drawbacks:
- Narrow beam width
- Not effective against dark colored robots
- Moderately costly
- Measurements can be noisy, depending on the environment
- Cost: $12.95 (one on hand)
Ping Sensor (Ultrasonic Distance Sensor):
- Benefits:
- Accurate
- Wide beam width
- Only two input pins needed
- Low cost
- Drawbacks:
- Not effective against fuzzy robots
- Echo problems
- Cost: $2.39 (not purchased)
Edge Detection
Pololu QTR-1RC Reflectance Sensor:
- Benefits:
- Easy-to-use
- Accurate
- Quick
- Drawbacks:
- Small range
- Cost: 3 @ $4.14 each (not purchased)
In v0.1, the C.A.E.S.A.R. Bot chassis is designed to be lasercut out of a single 9"x12" piece of material. The v0.1 testing prototype was made out of 5.2mm plywood, but the design can be easily modified to work with acrylic sheet.
Other materials needed for v0.1 include:
- (4x) #6 Bolts - 1 1/2"
- (4x) #6 Flat Washers
- (4x) #6 Lock Washers
In order to control and power the robot, a microcontroller, motor driver, and power source are needed. We are going to try to use parts that are currently on hand:
Microcontroller: Arduino Pro Mini 328 16MHz
- Cost: $10.38 (purchased)
Motor Driver: L293 Compact Motor Driver
- Cost: $4.29 (purchased)
Battery: 1300mAh LiPo 7.4v 2S 25C battery
- Cost: $5.36 (purchased)
Cost Analysis
Listed below are the estimated costs associated with v0.1 of the robot. This does not include the cost of entry into the competition, and the motors are included with the entry fee.
Part | Cost Each | Qty. Needed | Qty. Purchased |
Sharp IR Sensor | $12.95 | 1 | 1 |
Ping Sensor | $2.39 | 1 | 0 |
Pololu QTR-1RC | $4.14 | 3 | 0 |
5.2mm Plywood | $0.90/sq.ft. | 1 | 1 |
Arduino Pro Mini | $10.38 | 1 | 1 |
L293 Motor Driver | $4.29 | 1 | 1 |
1300mAh LiPo | $5.36 | 1 | 1 |
Total | $48.69 |
Progress Log
22:49, 30 September 2012 (CDT): I have created and cut out a basic chassis for the robot, and made some modifications to the design to add stability. Basic motor control has been programmed for the Arduino and motor board.
23:33, 1 October 2012 (CDT): Tested and wrote code for the Ultrasonic Distance Sensor. It works surprisingly well, and should be well-suited for enemy detection.
23:33, 24 October 2012 (CDT): Successfully programmed the Arduino Pro Mini with the USB-serial adapter I had gotten a while while back. Was also able to set up a wireless test-link (ping/pong) between the Pro Mini and an Arduino Uno using two NRF24L01+ modules, so that the robot can soon be wirelessly controlled for testing/other purposes.
23:54, 29 October 2012 (CDT): Coded and tested a basic wireless control protocol that is used between a "base station" and the robot. Right now, motor commands can be sent from the base station, and as more sensors are added, the robot will be able to send data back to the base station. Useful data may include sensor values, current state of the internal state machine, decision-making choices, etc.
22:38, 5 November 2012 (CST): Untethered the robot (battery powered, wirelessly controlled), and realized that the current design is not mechanically feasible. Because of it's long shape, with the wheels and motors located in the rear, there is very little weight applied to the wheels to create friction. During testing, the wheels just spun without moving the robot at all. A new design is currently in the works.
12:41, 25 November 2012 (CST): Two new identical 1/16" ABS chassis have been built and assembled, and Arduino code for autonomous control has been posted to the C.A.E.S.A.R. Bot GitHub repo. The bots drive around successfully, but need some motor control tweaking to allow for straight-line driving, and some modification to the chassis for the line sensors to work properly. The ultrasonic sensors work very well, and pick up on enemy robots reliably.
Design Files


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CNC machined from aviation grade 7075-T6 alloy the MTX Zero Alloy rear sprockets are your go-to option for the lightest possible sprocket solution. Constructed with self-cleaning mud grooves to increase the life of both your chain and sprocket. Computer designed weight reduction holes make the MTX Zero 66% lighter than the steel equivalent (model dependent) while maintaining maximum strength and durability. The anodised finish provides a factory look while preventing additional wear to the sprocket.
Made using aviation grade 7075-T6 aluminium alloy
Computer designed weight reduction holes
66% lighter than steel equivalent (model dependent)
Less rotational mass improves acceleration and deceleration
Self-cleaning grooves increase chain and sprocket life
CNC machined
Anodised finish
Presentable clamshell for an excellent presentation
Pitch: 520
Teeth: 47
Colour: Black


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Rockets beat Lakers 125-112 for 5th straight win
By Kristie Rieken
HOUSTON (AP) — Sure the Los Angeles Lakers are short-handed.
But a team with Kobe Bryant, Steve Nash and Metta World Peace should still play better than this.
James Harden scored 31 points and Chandler Parsons added 20 to help the Houston Rockets pick up their fifth straight win with a 125-112 victory over the Los Angeles Lakers on Tuesday night
Houston trailed by as many as 14 in the first half, but used a pair of runs in the third quarter to go on top and build a big lead.
World Peace had a season-high 24 points for the Lakers, who were playing without their top three big men: Dwight Howard, Pau Gasol and Jordan Hill — who are all out with injuries.
Bryant added 20 points for the Lakers and Nash had 16 points and 10 assists to become only the fifth player to surpass 10,000 career assists, joining John Stockton, Jason Kidd, Mark Jackson and Magic Johnson.
Nash said he tweaked his back in the game, but that he was OK.
"It's really hard to enjoy it right now," Nash said of the assists. "I don't want to discredit it, or not appreciate the company I share in this milestone, but right now it's the farthest thing from my mind. We're just trying to find a way to win one game."
The Lakers, who lost their fourth straight to fall to 15-19, are in 11th place in the Western Conference.
"I thought we had the better team," World Peace said. "We definitely had the better team, but every night we have the better team and it's just not translating to wins."
The Rockets have rallied from double-digit deficits for their last three wins. As usual, they did it on Tuesday night behind the strong play of Harden, who has scored at least 25 points in 13 straight games.
"They were short-handed tonight, but they are still tough," Harden said of the Lakers. "We knew we couldn't take them lightly. They did a great job in the first half of really getting easy shots on us. In the second half we started to pick it up defensively. We got out in transition and made some easy shots."
Howard has a torn labrum in his right shoulder, Gasol has a concussion and Hill a right hip injury. All three are out indefinitely. Seven-foot rookie center Robert Sacre made his first career start due to the injuries, and finished with 10 points, four blocked shots and three rebounds.
"We've just got to move forward," World Peace said. "We don't have time to feel bad for anyone. This team just has to push and move forward."
Jeremy Lin chipped in 19 points with six rebounds and five assists for Houston, and Carlos Delfino also scored 19.
The Rockets led by nine midway through the fourth quarter and used a 5-0 run highlighted by a three-point play by Lin to make it 112-98. Lin drove to the basket and made the layup as he fell to the court after being fouled by Sacre.
"There are some things we can clean up as a group and do a better job," Lakers coach Mike D'Antoni said. "A little more attention to detail and we'll do better."
Houston used a 10-2 spurt early in the third quarter to tie it at 69 after a three-point play by Marcus Morris with 6½ minutes left in the quarter. The Rockets then broke off a 23-11 run to take a 92-80 lead near the end of the third. Lin had nine points in that span and Harden added six.
Bryant hit a jumper with about five minutes left in the third, and the Lakers didn't score another field goal until Chris Duhon made a 3-pointer with 48 seconds remaining in the quarter.
Houston led 96-88 at the end of the third quarter.
"Tonight we could offer up a number of excuses, but what is troubling is when we were healthy, we weren't stopping people, either," Nash said.
The Rockets were still down by six midway through the second quarter before a 7-0 run capped by a 3 from Delfino gave them their first lead of the game — 47-46 — about five minutes before halftime.
The game was tied a couple of minutes later when Nash scored five quick points to put the Lakers on top 56-51.
Los Angeles led 62-59 at halftime.
The Lakers led 18-4 early after a run where World Peace made two 3-pointers and Darius Morris made one. The Lakers were up by 13 later in the quarter before Houston used a 12-5 spurt powered by two 3s from Delfino to cut the lead to 34-28 at the end of the first quarter.
NOTES: Gasol was examined by a neurologist on Tuesday and was not cleared to play. He will be re-evaluated on Thursday. ... Harden's 13 straight games with at least 25 points are tied with Moses Malone for the such streak in franchise history. ... Delfino is shooting 61.3 percent from 3-point range in the last five games.


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We've shared some interesting construction ideas for shipping pallets in the past, from building a couch to a whole workspace built with them, but this suggestion is a little easier to tackle—comfortable stadium-style seating for your home theater or basement den.
You'll definitely need the space to set this one up, but aside from that you'll need about 12 pallets to form the seating, and the cushions to make the pallets comfortable once you've got them all in the right places. They look like standard shipping pallets, which are available in tons of places, the least of which at ULine (also a great spot for cheap boxes if you're moving house), but they've clearly been painted to match the intended decor of the space. Plus, once they're all assembled and attached to one another, you can slide books, magazines, and DVDs into the spaces on the side for a little added storage.
The whole space is definitely a little "designer chic," what with the pallets on the wall to mount the TV and everything (not bad) but you get the general idea. If you have the space and don't want to shell out a ton of money for lots of cushy seating and a raised floor to build your home movie theater, this is a great, green way to approximate it for much less money, and probably more comfort. What do you think? Let us know in the comments below.
Thanks to reader Jim for sending in the tip!
Recycled 600 Sq Feet Office Warehouse Has Neat Ideas for Small Living in Brazil | Treehugger


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Aerosmith, Billie Eilish to Perform at the 2020 Grammy Awards
Legendary rock band Aerosmith and breakout alternative-pop sensation Billie Eilish are among the performers at the 2020 Grammy Awards. The show takes place Sunday, Jan. 26 at 8PM ET, and will air on CBS.
Aerosmith are four-time Grammy winners, having accepted awards for the songs "Janie's Got a Gun," "Livin' On the Edge," "Crazy" and "Pink," and have received 14 total nominations in the past as well. In addition to performing at the 62nd Grammy Awards, they've also been selected as the 2020 MusiCares Person of the Year by the Recording Academy for their philanthropic contributions, including Steven Tyler's Janie's Fund for girls who are victims of abuse.
The band will receive the honor Jan. 24 at the organization's 30th anniversary benefit gala. "Aerosmith has walked the walk when it comes to raising funds to impact music people in recovery. It is sure to be an amazing evening," said Recording Academy and MusiCares President and CEO Deborah Dugan.
Eilish, who garnered major success in 2019 with her debut album When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go?, is a first-time Grammy nominee. The star is in the running for six categories, including Best New Artist, Album of the Year and Song of the Year.
Other rock and metal artists nominated for an award this year are Tool, Rival Sons, I Prevail, Killswitch Engage, Bring Me the Horizon and more. See the full list here.
2020's Most Anticipated Rock + Metal Albums


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Important considerations and design tips for creating your dream home gym
Get into better shape or lose weight are usually the number one or two New Year's Resolutions on popular lists year after year. It's widely known that regular exercise contributes to a healthier immune system, better mental health, and overall lifespan longevity. There are many reasons to consider building a home gym , including safety, convenience, freedom, and privacy.
From where to build a gym, to equipment considerations, lighting, and everything in between, there are several design considerations when you decide to build your dream home gym. Check out this list of design tip considerations and home gym ideas, and you'll be on your way to the perfect home workout space.
Location, location, location
Do you have an entire room to dedicate to your dream home gym, or will you be working on a partitioned section of a larger room? Will your home workouts be in the attic, the basement, the backyard, the spare room? A good gym design tip is to make sure you put your home gym somewhere with a water source and/or a bathroom nearby.
What's your budget?
It's okay if you aren't sure yet, but a full room renovation project is going to cost you more than redesigning part of an existing space and converting to a home gym. Good questions to ask yourself when planning your gym design are: what exercises can you do without a gym? What are your non-fitness related goals when you undertake this project? What do you really need to buy for your space and what is a nice-to-have? Dream home gym projects can run you anywhere from $3000 to $20K. If this budget seems like a lot, just remember, you can build a gym one step at a time and upgrade your home gym in pieces to keep it economical for you.
Square footage necessities
Once you know what types of exercises you plan to do in your home gym, it's easier to understand your spacing requirements. Some general spacing requirements indicate you need approximately 20-50 sq. ft. of space for free weights or yoga mat work; and 50-200 sq. ft if you're adding treadmills, additional workout stations or larger home workout accessories, like steps, Pilates balls or a pull up bar.
Are there electrical requirements?
This is an important design tip consideration to make when you are choosing the room for your home gym. If you are planning on purchasing specific pieces of cardio equipment or other hardware requiring electricity, you need to make sure the room can support it and that you are aware of where the outlets are in the room before you go too far down the design rabbit hole.
Your Home Gym vs. the rest of your dream home
From a design or aesthetic perspective, it's important that how you design your home gym fits into how you have designed the rest of your home. If it sticks out like a sore thumb, it's going to negative impact the resale value in the future.
There are several considerations to make when it comes to flooring in your home gym. If you are performing your home workout on an upper level of the house, you want to ensure you aren't disturbing the rest of your family below you; if you are doing any indoor cardio without the use of a machine, you need to make sure the floor has good enough traction that you don't slip and injure yourself; finally, whether you're installing hardware and accessories or just lifting free weights, you don't want to damage the floors in your home, which are costly to repair. Our flooring design tip: horse stall mats, yoga mats, or rubber flooring are all great options to avoid damaging your home, while still being able to build a gym.
Air Flow
Whether you work out at a designated facility or in your customized home gym, you're probably going to sweat. Ventilation is another important design consideration when you build a gym. Consider your room's airflow. Does the room have ceiling fans, or can they be installed? Is there a window that opens, granting you access to fresh, outdoor air? Do you want to add a small air purifier and air freshener to help with that familiar but unpleasant smell of dirty gym socks? Do you have room to include purifying plants in your home gym design?
Pick your hardware carefully when you have limited space to allocate for your dream home gym. Do you want cardio machines or a squat rack? If you decide to purchase larger hardware, it will likely mean that you will have to do the rest of your gym design around this piece of equipment. Next, you want to consider smaller pieces of gear. A barbell is a good first choice to purchase – or free weights to ensure you've covered strength training. Next up, do you want steps, a BOSU or Pilates ball, a Kettle Bell, a yoga mat, or a skipping rope? Design tip: pull up bars and resistance bands can be installed in doorways to save you valuable space.
… & Accessories
Typically, smaller than your larger gym equipment, it can be easier to incorporate smaller accessories into your overall home gym design. You should anticipate both having budget and somewhere to store a towel, fingerless gloves, blocks, and possibly a mini fridge. Will you incorporate a sound system or a TV? Do you need a small table or tray to put your water bottle during home workouts?
Generally, it's harder for us to work out in the winter because it's dark and cold. When designing your home gym, keep lighting in mind. Whether you have the luxury of having natural lights from big windows or you can install overhead lighting. Lighting design tips: bright lighting and nice colors can help you feel motivated.
Speaking of colors, are you looking to go with blacks and reds for a passionate and aggressive home workout routine, or pale relaxing shades to create the perfect ambiance for a yoga studio? HomeAndGardens.com states, "if you're looking to color psychology for the best color for a home gym, think pale blues and greens – choosing zesty, fresh shades that are known to increase focus and productivity."
Always remember to leave room for a cool down and relaxation after your home workout to ensure you aren't harming your body. And remember that health and safety best practices say that not only should you wipe equipment down after use to get rid of all the sweat bacteria, but always verify your storage, equipment and external distractions aren't causing any potential safety issues in your home gym. Safety first!
If you've read through some of these considerations to make when considering how best to design your home gym, and you're ready to take the plunge, check out some fun and easy design tips that help you make the most out of your home workout space – whether your budget is small or large.
If you've decided to take on this design project to design a custom home gym, check out a nearby show for inspiration, or to talk to a pro. Marketplace Events produces some of the longest-running home shows across North America, connecting enthusiasts with experts, products, and services in dynamic face-to-face environments.


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INDCO is committed to the Australian privacy legislation in the way it collects, uses, secures and discloses personal information.
The information we collect
We lawfully collect personal information that is necessary for our business to function. The information we collect and hold will depend upon the products, services and information you request from us. This information will include your name, address and contact details.
Information derived from communications between us and you.
The use of the facilities and services available through our website will determine the amount and type of information we collect. The only personal information we collect when you use our website is what you tell us about yourself, for example, by completing an online form when you request product information, or when you send us an email we will record your address.
How we use your information
We use the information we collect for the purpose disclosed at the time of collection, or otherwise as set out in this Privacy Disclaimer. We will not use your personal information for any other purpose without first seeking your consent, unless authorised or required by law. Generally we will only use and disclose your personal information:
- To establish and maintain your relationship as a customer of INDCO.
- To provide the products and services you have requested from INDCO.
- To administer and manage those products and services.
- To answer your inquiry.
- For direct marketing by email, we will send you information and special promotions on products or services you have shown interest in. If we contact you in this way without obtaining your prior consent, we will provide you with the opportunity to decline any further marketing communications. If you at any time receive any communication from us which you would not like to receive, please contact us and we will remove your name from our marketing contact list/s.
Access to your personal information
In most cases, you can gain access to the personal information that we hold about you, subject to some exceptions allowed by law. If you would like to check or amend your contact details, please contact us. We will deal with all requests for access to personal information as quickly as possible.
We will take reasonable steps to keep secure any personal information which we hold and to keep this information accurate and up to date.
Changes to this Privacy Disclaimer
It may be necessary for us to review and revise our Privacy Disclaimer from time to time. We suggest that you visit our website regularly to keep up to date with any changes.
Contact Us
If you would like any further information, or have any queries, problems or complaints in relation to this Privacy Disclaimer or our information handling practices in general, please contact us.


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This is a community-wide events calendar. All organizations are encouraged to submit event information. We hope that will help your planning to avoid date conflicts. All events must be submitted through this website -- choose "Submit An Event." The Chamber reserves the right to not allow an event on the calendar. Please refrain from submitting personal events such as garage sales, in-home parties, open houses, etc.
If you have questions, please contact the Seguin Chamber at (830) 379-6382 or email@example.com -
Events Calendar


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Art of Jade
Event Type | Exhibitions |
Date | Thursday, September 24, 2020 |
Time | 10:00am - 5:00pm (7h) |
Details | Since the Neolithic period, jade has been valued for its rarity as well as its beauty. Varying from pure white to dark black, deep green to vibrant red, the color of jade has endless aesthetic possibilities. The artworks in Art of Jade were made through patiently grinding and drilling for days, months, and even years. Little by little, the objects transformed from solid masses into works of art. |
Event Link | Learn More |


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Looking for NEET Coaching Centers in Mayiladuthurai? Kings International Medical Academy (KIMA) is one of the Best NEET Coaching Centers in Mayiladuthurai
Expert NEET Coaching at KINGS
At Kings International Medical Academy (KIMA), NEET coaching is designed to help ambitious medical students excel in the competitive NEET examination. Our experienced faculty provide comprehensive guidance on the exam syllabus, patterns and time management techniques. Regular practice tests and mock exams are conducted to evaluate student progress and identify areas in need of improvement. With a track record of success, KIMA's NEET coaching program has helped numerous students achieve their aspirations of becoming medical professionals.NEET: An Overview of India's Most Competitive Medical Entrance Exam
The National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) is an all India pre-medical entrance test for students who wish to pursue MBBS in India and also, for those intending to pursue primary medical qualification abroad. The exam is conducted by National Testing Agency (NTA). NEET is one of the largest exam in India in terms of registered applicants.BENEFITS OF ENROLLING IN NEET COACHING AT KINGS
Kings International Medical Academy implements effective strategies to help students excel in the NEET exam.- Updated study materials are provided to the students.
- The faculty members are experienced and knowledgeable.
- Quality education is provided to the students.
- Individual student performance is evaluated and monitored.
- Separate doubt clearing sessions are available to the students.
- The coaching program focuses on topics that carry more weightage in the NEET exam.
- Repeated revisions of the syllabus are conducted to ensure effective learning.
- Previous year question papers are revised to familiarize students with the exam pattern.
- Smart classrooms equipped with state-of-the-art tools and equipment are available.
- Daily mock tests and practice papers are conducted to prepare students for the exam.
- The coaching program is affordable and accessible to all.
- The campus life is vibrant, with comfortable and hygienic accommodation and delicious food available.


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The Tread Lightly! Program
The Tread Lightly!® program supports recreationists by encouraging outdoor ethics to preserve the beauty of wild land. The word "TREAD" helps us remember to:
- Travel responsibly
- Respect the rights of others
- Educate yourself
- Avoid sensitive areas
- Do your part
Tread Lightly! is a registered trademark of Tread Lightly!, Inc.


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Here's something you don't hear about too often, female stick-up artists. Apparently these two gun-toting chicks have robbed 11 convenience stores in San Fernando Valley and Ventura County since Nov. 25.
The routine goes like this: a petite, five-feet tall female either Latina or white strolls in to the store sometime after midnight. She pulls her gun and demands the cashier fork over cash while her sidekick, a black woman between five feet, four inches and seven inches, stands as lookout by the door. Hooded sweatshirts are their garment of choice. Apparently they never make out with more than $250 and sometimes come out with a little as $50.
Here's a shot of one of the women holding up a 7-11 in San Fernando the day after Christmas.
_There's also an interesting article in the LATimes about a 1998 Mexican Mafia ordered hit in Rosemead.
The case is noteworthy because rarely are Eme members prosecuted for street homicides. Often, any link between a specific killing and the Eme is obscure. Moreover, once an actual triggerman is prosecuted, investigators often have no time to dig further into why the crime was committed. Even when a detective believes there's something more to a killing, a link is often hard to prove.
Here's a bit more on the notorious gang.
_ Lastly, be careful out there. The LAPD is cracking down on drunk drivers. More than a hundred people were killed or severly injured on LA streets by drunk drivers last year. There will be a DUI checkpoint in Pacoima tonight at Van Nuys Boulevard and Haddon Avenue.


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DBP Tie-Dye Print #573 Brown White Double Brushed Polyester Spandex Apparel Stretch Fabric 190 GSM 58"-60" Wide By The Yard
This beautiful stretchy fabric is perfect for shirts, maxi dresses, dance wear, skate clothing, club attire, leggings, women's clothing, etc. Fabric is purchased by the yard.
Fabric Specs:
Fiber Content: 95% Polyester 5% Spandex
Width: 58"-60"
Stretch: 2-way stretch, mechanical stretch in opposite direction
Pattern: Tie Dye
Edge: Straight
Weight: 190GSM
Wholesale purchases for more than 20 yards available
Please contact us if you have any questions


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There's nothing new that's Mac-specific. The scripts and patches are pretty much the same as in the previous release.
The stable build is still the preferred download. The extra speed offered in the ublio build is suspected to come at a price of slight data corruption at times, but I can't confirm it as I can't reproduce it. There is a possibility that those reports may have had other causes like faulty hardware.
Download NTFS-3G 1.1120 [stable]
Download NTFS-3G 1.1120 [ublio]
(packaging by catacombae)
Requirements: Mac OS X 10.4/10.5, a PowerPC or Intel computer, MacFUSE 0.4.0 or 1.1 installed (MacFUSE 1.0.0 doesn't work well with this package... upgrade to 1.1).
This package has been tested with OS X 10.4.11/Intel and OS X 10.5.1/Intel.
If you're having problems with this package, please do the following before reporting it:
- Check if the previous version of the package works better for you.
- Check that the NTFS drive you're trying to mount has been cleanly unmounted in Windows, using "Safe remove hardware". If you just "pull the plug" the drive won't mount with NTFS-3G.
- Check that the NTFS drive is error free, using chkdsk.
- Collect system specifications, such as OS version, processor type (Intel/PowerPC), drive type (internal/USB/FireWire) etc. before submitting a problem report.
This build includes:
ntfs-3g 1.1120 (patched)
ntfsprogs 1.13.1


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Press Releases, Press2013, News
Member States block UK threat to 20% renewables target
Energy ministers blocked today an attempt by the UK to undermine the 20% renewable energy target for 2020 by having advanced biofuels count double. This would have brought the 20% target for 2020 down to 19.5% if adopted, putting at risk the confidence of companies which have invested in renewables based on a binding target of 20%.
"Changing the legislation would have deterred investments and sent up risk premiums, making it more expensive to invest in renewables. This would have undermined the green growth, jobs and energy security wind energy and other renewables bring", pointed out Pierre Tardieu, from the European Wind Energy Association (EWEA) in Brussels. "Fortunately, the other Member States realised how dangerous the UK proposal was for the EU and its economy."


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The Episcopal Church Office of Public Affairs reports that following the meeting of the Episcopal Church House of Bishops March 25 – 30, two letters were issued: a letter from Presiding Bishop Katharine Jefferts Schori to the Church; and a letter from the House of Bishops to the Israeli ambassadors to the nations where the Episcopal Church has dioceses or presence. The letters call for resolution of the denial of "Temporary Residency Status" for The Rt. Rev. Suheil Dawani, Anglican Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Jerusalem.
The following are the two letters:
To the members of The Episcopal Church
From the House of Bishops:
At our meeting in Kanuga, North Carolina, 25-30 March 2011, we considered the plight of our fellow Christians in the land of the Holy One. Bishop Suheil Dawani, of the Diocese of Jerusalem, has for many months been gravely limited in his ability to function as leader of that diocese. We urge your reflection on the following letter, and your response as you deem most appropriate. Change is likeliest when the leaders of our governments know of our urgent concern.
In every part of The Episcopal Church, your response is most likely to be effective when directed to Israel's ambassador to your nation, to your national leader – President and/or Prime Minister, and/or to your legislative representatives in your national government.
In the dioceses of The Episcopal Church within the United States, those contacts are:
Ambassador Oren: firstname.lastname@example.com
President Obama: http://www.whitehouse.gov/contact
House of Representatives: https://writerep.house.gov/writerep/welcome.shtml
Senate: http://senate.gov/general/contact_information/senators_cfm.cfm
In the dioceses of The Episcopal Church beyond the United States, we urge you to work with your diocesan bishop if you are uncertain about how to contact the Israeli Ambassador, your President or Prime Minister, and your legislators.
May God bless the land of the Holy One with peace. I remain
Your servant in Christ,
The Most Rev. Katharine Jefferts Schori
Presiding Bishop and Primate
The Episcopal Church
A letter from the House of Bishops of The Episcopal Church to the Israeli ambassadors to the nations where The Episcopal Church has dioceses or presence
30 March 2011
It is with deep concern that we inform you that the Anglican Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Jerusalem, the Rt. Rev. Suheil Dawani, has been denied renewal of his "Temporary Residency Status" in Jerusalem. This action was taken when the A-5 permits held by the bishop, his wife, and youngest daughter were revoked by the Government of Israel, effective 24 September 2010.
The Government of Israel claims that the permits were denied because of an accusation by the Ministry of the Interior that Bishop Suheil acted with the Palestinian Authority in transferring land owned by Jewish people to the Palestinians, and also helped to register lands of Jewish people in the name of the Church. There were further allegations that documents were forged by the bishop.
Bishop Dawani has vehemently denied these allegations and responded formally to the Ministry of the Interior. He has never received a response. The bishop also sent a letter challenging the allegations and demanding that any evidence to secure the claim against him be made known to him. To date no information has been forthcoming.
The Archbishop of Canterbury received assurances that the situation would be resolved promptly. Other Anglican leaders including Presiding Bishop Katharine Jefferts Schori, the Episcopal Bishop of Washington D.C. (the Rt. Rev. John B. Chane), and the Primates of the Anglican Communion, representing Anglicans throughout the world, have all used their influence individually and collectively with Israeli authorities, without success to date.
Diplomatic efforts through the British Foreign Secretary, the British Ambassador to Israel, the British Consul General in Jerusalem, the State Department of the United States, and the American Consul General in Jerusalem, and Christian and Jewish leaders in Jerusalem have all provided support for Bishop Dawani in his ongoing contact with Israeli authorities, but without tangible results. In terms of discovering the source of the allegations against the bishop, or the restoration of the residency rights which are crucial to his ability to provide leadership of his diocese, and residency in Jerusalem for himself and his family, the Israeli Government has failed to respond. Because of the current situation the bishop is unable to conduct any legal business on behalf of the diocese, and is crippled in his ability to run the day to day affairs of his diocese, which comprises schools, churches, and hospitals in Israel, the West Bank and occupied territories, Gaza, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon.
We seek your assistance in resolving this situation as rapidly and completely as possible. The ability of our brother, Bishop Dawani, to lead his diocese is severely compromised. We ask your urgent attention to this matter.
The bishops of The Episcopal Church, in 110 dioceses and two regional areas in Austria, Belgium, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Federated States of Micronesia, France, Germany, Haiti, Honduras, Italy, Switzerland, Taiwan, Venezuela, and the United States of America (including Guam and Puerto Rico), and the British and U.S. Virgin Islands


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Click on pics to view larger images
At a glance...
Last week in Monitoring Factory Oxy Sensors, Part 1 we looked at factory narrow band sensors – the most common sensors found in cars. Now it's time to examine how you can monitor the wide-band sensors that are becoming much more common, especially in hybrids and super economical cars.
As their name suggests, wide band sensors operate over a much broader range of air/fuel ratios than narrow band sensors. This is especially important in cars that run ultra-lean cruise capability, where the air/fuel ratios must still be monitored by the ECU when they are beyond the measuring capability of narrow band sensors.
Wideband sensors are used by aftermarket air/fuel ratio measuring instruments, and there is plenty of material available on the web about these sensors and how they work. The trouble is, most of the explanations are largely incomprehensible to normal people!
However, to understand how to make use of an existing, in-car wideband oxygen sensor, you don't need to know anything much about the sensor chemistry or control electronics.
A wideband oxygen sensor consists of two sections. These comprise a pump cell and a reference cell. The pump cell has a chemical effect on the behaviour of the reference cell, as indicated here by the green arrow.
The reference cell's output voltage is monitored by the ECU. The ECU aims to achieve an output by this cell of 450mV – just under half a volt. The other cell, the pump cell, is controlled by the ECU varying the current flow through it.
If the reference cell's output is not 450mV, the ECU adjusts the current through the pump cell until the reference cell is again back at 450mV. If the reference cell is at 450mV, no current is passed through the pump cell. In addition, the direction of current flow through the pump cell can be changed.
If the output of the reference cell is 450mV without any current flow being needed through the pump cell, the air/fuel ratio must be at stoichiometric (14.7:1 for normal petrol). If current flow is needed in one direction before the reference cell gets to 450mV, then the mixtures must be lean. If current flow is needed in the other direction, then the mixtures must be rich. The magnitude of this positive or negative current flow reflects how lean or rich the mixtures are.
So how does the ECU control the current flow? Have a look at this diagram. We've added one more wire, a constant voltage supply.
If the ECU places a voltage of 2.7 volts on the pump cell current supply wire (blue), then no current will flow through the pump cell. (That's because 2.7 volts is pushing against 2.7V.)
However, if the ECU raises the voltage on the blue wire to (say) 3.2V, then current will flow through the cell in the direction of the arrow.
Conversely, if the ECU lowers the voltage on the blue wire to 2.3V, current will flow the other way.
As described above, the amount (and direction) of current passed through the pump cell by the ECU is indicative of the measured air/fuel ratio. However, measurement of this current is most easily achieved by measuring voltages rather than currents.
As we showed above, in order that current flows through the pump cell in an anti-clockwise direction, the ref voltage has to be higher than the pump cell voltage. Therefore, if we measure the voltage between the pump cell and ref voltage wires, we'll find a reading of (in this example) +0.5V.
But if the current flows the other way, the voltage will need read a minus value – in this case, -0.4V.
You can therefore see that if the output of the oxygen sensor is to be measured, you would normally need a meter that reads both positive and negative voltages. (And another point: with the meter organised in this way, higher voltages indicate leaner mixtures – the opposite to a narrow band sensor.)
Reading both positive and negative voltages can be achieved by a normal multimeter, but (as with conventional oxy sensors), if the reading is changing fast, a multimeter is hard to read accurately. It's also awkward to fit a multimeter on your dashboard!
So why not use the LED Mixture Meter that we described in Part 1? There's a big problem with trying to do so - this display cannot show negative voltages, so all the mixtures richer than 14.7:1 will not be shown. (In addition, the voltage range of the Mixture Meter is not likely to be correct.)
However, there is a very simple trick that can be employed to allow us to use a meter that measures only positive voltages.
We already know that if the pump cell voltage is the same as the reference voltage (2.7V is the examples we've been using here), no current will flow in the pump cell. If the pump cell voltage rises above the reference voltage, current will flow in one direction. If the pump cell voltage falls below the reference voltage, current will flow the other way.
Therefore, by measuring just the pump cell voltage, we still know the variation in mixture strength!
If the pump cell voltage is above 2.7V (or whatever the reference voltage is), the mixtures must be lean. If the pump cell voltage is below 2.7V, we know the mixtures must be rich. And, best of all, these voltages all stay positive! But how can we easily display these values?
As covered in Universal Bargraph Voltage Display, a very versatile automotive LED bargraph kit already exists. It's called the Automotive Voltage Monitor. In kit form, the bargraph display costs just AUD$19.95; the kit is also available pre-built for AUD$76.
What makes the bargraph kit particularly suitable for this application is that the voltage at which the top and bottom LEDs light up can be independently set, the display then automatically scaling the 'in-between' LEDs into ten equal steps.
Let's take a specific example. On the hybrid Honda Insight, over a range of different driving situations, the monitored pump cell voltage varies between 2.0V and 3.8V. Therefore, the bar graph display needs to be set so that the bottom LED lights at 2.0V and the top LED at 3.8V.
It's as simple as that!
(In other cars, where the reference voltage may be different, the top and bottom LED adjustments can be altered to suit.)
After the range has been set correctly, the Automotive Voltage Monitor is then connected to power and ground, with its input signal wire connected to the pump cell control lead.
OK - but let's take a few steps back.
The easiest way of finding the wire on which the varying voltage signal is present is to directly measure it with a multimeter, with one lead grounded to the chassis and the other lead used to do the probing. The oxy sensor should be plugged in and working and the car running.
On one oxygen sensor wire you will find a voltage of about 0.45 volts. It changes only a little with driving, and is nearly constant at idle. That's likely to be the reference cell voltage.
On another wire you'll find a fixed voltage – in the Honda's case, 2.7V. This voltage does not vary with driving - it's the constant voltage.
Finally, you'll find a wire on which there is a small voltage variation (eg 2 volts total) that, with different driving styles, occurs above and below the reference voltage. This is the pump cell control - the one to monitor for watching air/fuel ratio variations.
In addition, there is likely to be three or four other wires. These are for a calibration resistor and the oxygen sensor heater. Both the heater and the trim resistor are likely to have one side grounded to the chassis.
So how does it all work on a real car? Let's have a look at the Honda Insight.
This diagram shows the Honda's wide band sensor connections to the ECU. (Note that the diagram has been revised slightly to fit into a smaller screen space – the factory wiring colour codes shown are at the ECU not the sensor.)
The heater wiring is indicated with a green arrow, and the calibration resistor with a red arrow.
The centre lead (marked with the blue arrow) must be the reference wire (2.7V) and so therefore the pump cell control lead must be one of the wires marked with purple arrows. In fact, it is the right-hand wire (green on the actual car) that is the correct wire to monitor.
Clearly, it makes things a lot easier if you have a wiring diagram available, but even in its absence, some good detective work with a multimeter should still locate the correct wire.
As with the narrow band display we covered in Part 1 of this series, the bargraph display described here does not read out the numerical air/fuel ratio. That is, it doesn't show 13:1 – or even 16.7:1.
Many people will see this as a major deficiency, but I do not. Unless you are tuning the action of an engine management interceptor or revised engine management software, you have no need to know the exact numerical values. Knowing whether the car is running at stoichiometric, rich, very rich, lean or ultra-lean is what's really wanted to be known.
However, if you know the leanest that the car ever runs, and the richest the car ever runs, some numbers can be worked out.
In my Honda, use of an external MoTeC air/fuel ratio meter shows that, when the injectors are actually operating, the richest air/fuel ratio is about 12:1 and the leanest, about 25:1.
As I have the display set up, that corresponds to one end LED being 12:1 and a LED seven along the bargraph being 25:1. Therefore, the intervening LEDs can be approximated as each being indicative of 2 air/fuel ratios up or down from these extremes. (Note: however, wide band sensors don't have identical response either side of stoichiometric.)
The Automotive Voltage Monitor kit uses rectangular LEDs mounted along one side of the board. The kit can therefore be mounted in a small box, with the LEDs protruding through a slot cut in one side wall. The completed assembly is small enough to mount on top of the steering column, or in some other convenient place on the dash.
Alternatively, you may choose to remote-mount all the LEDs, connecting them via ribbon cable to the module. If you do this, remember that the LEDs have to be wired with the correct polarity, and mounted in the correct sequence. Remote mounting the LEDs means that they can be squeezed-in almost anywhere. You can even use 3mm round LEDs (making the finished display even smaller) and arrange the colours of the LEDs however you wish.
Another approach is to do what we did, and that is to remote-mount only a couple of the LEDs (arrowed). In the Honda Insight in which the system was installed, it was decided that only two conditions needed to be seen. The first was when the car was in lean cruise – that is, running with an air/fuel ratio of about 25:1. The second condition was when the engine management dialled-up a very rich air/fuel ratio – about 12.5:1.
So how is this achieved? With the upper and lower pots on the Automotive Voltage Monitor kit set so that one end-LED of the full bargraph display illuminated at the lowest voltage ever measured (2.0V - rich) and the other end LED illuminated at the highest voltage ever seen (3.8V – lean), the LED that turned on in lean cruise was found to be the fourth from the '3.8V' end.
This 'lean cruise' LED was removed and extension wires soldered to the PCB pads to allow a LED showing this condition to be mounted on the steering column. This LED lights only in lean cruise – even leaner mixtures (eg indicating injector shut off) cause the next LEDs along in the bargraph to light, so the 'lean cruise' LED stays off (or flashes only momentarily as the mixtures slide past this point).
At the rich end of the scale, the on-board pot was set so that the end LED illuminated. Again, by means of extension wires, this LED was then moved to the steering column. (In fact, round 5mm LEDs were used rather than the original kit's rectangular LEDs.)
To ensure that these 'monitor' LEDs were in fact reflecting the designated air/fuel ratios, checking was carried out using a tail-pipe mounted MoTeC professional air/fuel ratio meter. This showed that yes, the 'lean cruise' and 'rich' LEDs worked perfectly – in fact, they were faster to respond than the MoTeC meter.
So what if you don't have an expensive MoTeC meter? The LEDs can still be calibrated correctly if:
You set the on-board posts so that the lowest and highest voltages that ever occur are displayed on the respective end LEDs of the bargraph display.
You drive the car in a variety of conditions, while carefully observing on the full bargraph display what mixtures are being run in what conditions. Doing this makes it easy to see when lean cruise occurs (if in fact it does in your car), and when richer mixtures are used.
You remote mount those LEDs that show the conditions you want to monitor.
Note: from a cold start, the display can take a minute or so to come alive, the time the oxy sensor takes to come up to operating temp.
In the main text we've said that on the Honda Insight, two LEDs from the bargraph display were remote-mounted on the steering column – one showing lean cruise, and the other showing rich mixtures. So why in the pics are there three dashboard LEDs?
In this car, the other very useful indication of what is going on is to show the action of the Exhaust Gas Recirculation valve. This is displayed by the third LED.
As we covered in Tweaking the EGR, Part 1 and Tweaking the EGR, Part 2 the Honda (and probably many other cars) can be improved in fuel economy by running, at small throttle openings, greater-than-standard amounts of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR).
The Honda uses a 12V pulse-width modulated EGR valve and by wiring the LED (and suitable dropping resistor) in parallel with the EGR valve coil, the LED illuminates when the EGR valve is open. Furthermore, it increases in intensity as the valve opens to a greater degree.
The only tricky aspect was setting the value of dropping resistor so that, at maximum brightness, this LED looked the same as the LEDs being driven by the Automotive Voltage Monitor. To achieve this, a 1 kilo-ohm pot was wired as a variable resistor and this was adjusted until the correct brightness was achieved. Note: you cannot use a LED without the dropping resistor – it will immediately die if connected straight across 12V.
As with the simple Mixture Meter that monitors a narrow band sensor (covered in Part 1 of this series), the monitor for wideband sensors can be used to aid fuel economy and also show that the engine management system is working correctly.
The first step is to simply watch the display over a wide variety of driving conditions. From this, you'll soon learn when the car is in closed loop, when it is in lean cruise (if ever), when the mixtures are enriched, and when the injectors are switched off. (For more explanation on these terms, see Part 1).
In most cars, the greatest gain in fuel economy will be made if the fuel enrichment that occurs at high loads is rarely seen! For example, when climbing a hill, you might find that lifting your foot just a fraction causes the ECU to switch back to closed loop from enriched mode. Lifting your foot may make almost no difference to your speed up the hill, but will reduce fuel consumption.
Moving to higher gears earlier may result in the car staying in closed loop; in other cars it will be better to rev slightly higher at a reduced throttle angle before changing up.
In some cars, the injector shut-off does not function unless revs are above a certain level. When travelling down a long hill with no throttle being applied, in these cars it can be better to drop down a gear, so lifting no-load revs and triggering the injector shut-off.
In other cars, the clear indication of when the car is in lean cruise allows the driver to better keep the vehicle in that mode – to put this another way, it's much easier to see in what conditions the car enacts lean cruise and in what conditions it leaves this mode.
In performance applications, the simple bargraph monitor of the wideband sensor will give an accurate indication of the relative mixture strength.
It appears that when in closed loop, the output of a wideband sensor does not fluctuate in level like a narrow band sensor. This is almost certainly because the ECU doesn't need to actually pass through 14.7:1 before the sensor output changes.
With the techniques covered in this series, both narrow band and wideband oxygen sensors can now be easily and cheaply monitored. The monitoring displays are not only suitable for spotting engine management faults as they develop, but by showing the driver the most economical techniques to use, can also improve real-world fuel economy. Finally, in cars that are modified, the wideband sensor display can be used for the tuning of relative mixtures, and to show if a dangerous high load lean condition is occurring.
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