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Substance use disorders are associated with significant morbidity and mortality that affects individuals and their families. Preventing the onset of an SUD in adolescence remains a critical area of clinical and public health significance.
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality that affects individuals and their families. Problems with substance use most often emerge during adolescence and young adulthood. Adolescent-onset SUDs are becoming the most significant public health problem affecting adolescents.1 Recent work by Merikangas and colleagues2,3 showed that 11.4% of adolescents have an SUD, yet only 15.4% of those youths receive treatment. Preventing the onset of an SUD in adolescence remains a critical area of clinical and public health significance.
Familial influence-biological and behavioral
Clinicians and researchers have long observed that SUDs frequently affect multiple members within families over different generations. Researchers have found that approximately 50% of the risk of substance abuse or dependence in adolescence is genetically influenced.4 The transition between stages of use, from regular use to abuse and dependence is also genetically influenced, although the relative genetic contribution compared with environmental influences varies by substance.4 Young and colleagues5 found that a common genetic influence accounts for comorbid substance use during adolescence, specifically problem use of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis.
Behavioral modeling of substance use through exposure to parental substance use early in life also accounts for part of the familial association in SUDs. The association between exposure to parental SUDs and the development of an SUD in offspring is consistent with social learning theory. A review by Petraitis and colleagues6 further described social learning theory as the hypothesis that children model their behavior on people who are important to them and those they frequently interact with, such as their parents. The researchers also reviewed social control theory, which hypothesizes that children who are closely attached to their parents are less likely to break rules because they want to connect with their parents. Children who are closely monitored by their parents and have clear rules are also more likely to conform to their parent's rules and are less likely to act out by abusing substances.
There is evidence that supports the principles of social learning theory and social control theory. Researchers have examined components of both theories by assessing the relationship between adolescent substance use and parental attitudes toward substances, parental substance use, the quality of the relationship between parent and child, and parental monitoring. Bahr and colleagues7 found that the family factors that were most strongly associated with an increased prevalence of binge drinking, cigarette use, cannabis use, and illicit drug use were tolerant parental attitudes and sibling substance use. In addition, adolescents who had parents who were tolerant of substance use interacted with higher-risk peers and were more likely to have friends who were substance users.
Exposure to parental substance use increases children's risk
To understand familial patterns of SUD, family-based research has focused on differentiating between risk mediated primarily by genetics from risk mediated primarily by behavioral modeling through exposure to parental SUD and delineating the risk posed by the combination of both. In a larger longitudinal study of predominantly males with and without ADHD, Biederman and colleagues8 found an association between exposure to parental SUD and SUD in offspring after controlling for both family history and ADHD.
We recently evaluated a predominantly female sample with and without ADHD.9 In this study of 552 individuals of whom 71% were female, a specific association was found between exposure to maternal drug use disorders (primarily cannabis) and drug use disorders in female offspring after controlling for family history and ADHD. In other words, mothers who abused drugs increased the likelihood that their daughters would also abuse drugs. Interestingly, research findings have not shown consistent sex patterns when the risk associated with exposure to parental substance abuse was examined.10,11 Our finding of a specific risk between mothers and daughters may reflect the greater impact that interpersonal relationships have on an adolescent girl's risk of using substances relative to the risk in adolescent boys.12
It is also important to consider whether the developmental timing of exposure to parental substance use may influence the chances that the child will develop an SUD. For instance, Biederman and colleagues8 assessed offspring risk of developing an SUD connected with exposure to parental SUD during different developmental stages. Predominantly, boys were at significantly greater risk for developing an SUD when they were exposed to parental SUDs during adolescence than when they were exposed during preschool and latency years.
In our predominantly female sample, we also found that exposure to parental SUD during adolescence was specifically associated with an increased risk of developing an SUD.9 It is unclear why adolescents are particularly vulnerable to exposure to parental substance use; it may be that behavioral modeling of use at a time when adolescents have greater ease of access to substances partially accounts for their increased risk.
Opportunities to prevent adolescent SUD
While genetic risk for SUD is a nonmodifiable risk factor that influences the development of adolescent-onset SUD, exposure to parental SUD is something that can, theoretically, be changed. Psychiatrists may help decrease the risk of adolescent SUD by educating parents about the power of behavioral modeling. Many parents of adolescents, for instance, still smoke marijuana regularly without considering the consequences of such use on their children.
Clinicians should assess parents for substance use in a nonjudgmental manner.13 Brief interventions such as the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's recent screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) initiative have been shown to be effective in decreasing both alcohol and drug use.14 Parental screening and subsequent modifications in patterns of substance use may thus decrease the risk of development of SUDs in children.
Kate, a 13-year-old girl with ADHD and general anxiety who you have been treating for 2 years, presents for a routine psychopharmacological appointment with her mother. Kate's mother reports that things have been more stressful at home. You remember that the patient's mother has a psychiatric history significant for previous marijuana dependence.
Because Kate's mother has a history of marijuana dependence, it is important to privately check with her to ask about recent marijuana use as well as other substance use. Discuss with the mother how her marijuana use may increase her daughter's risk for drug abuse.
George, a 40-year-old father with depression who has a 10-year-old son and a 13-year-old daughter, presents with increasing alcohol use. Lately he has been passing out after drinking in the evening. George does not think that his drinking is a problem.
In this case, it may be useful to carefully query George about his perception of how his drinking is affecting his family. It would also be helpful to educate him about his adolescent daughter's increased risk of substance use problems given her exposure to his choices and behavior patterns.
In addition to modifying an adolescent's risk of developing an SUD by minimizing his or her exposure to a parent's modeling substance use, clinicians can educate parents about the principles of social control theory. The risk of SUD onset is decreased in children whose parents know what their children are doing. Parental control also decreases the risk that the child will have friends who use alcohol or drugs.7
SUDs in adolescents interfere with emotional and cognitive development and can be associated with long-term medical and legal consequences. There is a substantial genetic influence on the development of SUDs. The aggregate data also show that other familial factors that can be modified, such as exposure to parental SUDs particularly during adolescence, are significant as well. Conscious efforts to screen for parental SUDs and educate families about exposure risk may help prevent the onset of substance abuse during adolescence.
The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. Adolescent Substance Use: America's #1 Public Health Problem. June 2011.
1. Accessed July 5, 2011.
Merikangas KR, He JP, Burstein M, et al. Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in US adolescents: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A).
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry.
Merikangas KR, He JP, Burstein M, et al. Service utilization for lifetime mental disorders in US adolescents: results of the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A).
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry.
Lynskey MT, Agrawal A, Heath AC. Genetically informative research on adolescent substance use: methods, findings, and challenges.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry.
Young SE, Rhee SH, Stallings MC, et al. Genetic and environmental vulnerabilities underlying adolescent substance use and problem use: general or specific?
Behav Genet.
Petraitis J, Flay BR, Miller TQ. Reviewing theories of adolescent substance use: organizing pieces in the puzzle.
Psychol Bull
. 1995;117:67-86.
Bahr SJ, Hoffmann JP, Yang X. Parental and peer influences on the risk of adolescent drug use.
J Prim Prev
. 2005;26:529-551.
Biederman J, Faraone SV, Monuteaux MC, Feighner JA. Patterns of alcohol and drug use in adolescents can be predicted by parental substance use disorders.
. 2000;106:792-797.
Yule AM, Wilens TE, Martelon MK, et al. Impact of exposure to parental substance use disorders (SUD) on SUD risk in girls and their siblings. Poster presented at: 57th Annual American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Meeting; October 27, 2010; New York.
Chassin L, Curran PJ, Hussong AM, Colder CR. The relation of parent alcoholism to adolescent substance use: a longitudinal follow-up study.
J Abnorm Psychol
. 1996;105:70-80.
Yeh MY, Chiang IC, Huang SY. Gender differences in predictors of drinking behavior in adolescents.
Addict Behav.
Eisenberg ME, Neumark-Sztainer D, Fulkerson JA, Story M. Family meals and substance use: is there a long-term protective association?
J Adolesc Health
. 2008;43:151-156.
Simmons LA, Havens JR, Whiting JB, et al. Illicit drug use among women with children in the United States: 2002-2003.
Ann Epidemiol
. 2009;19:187-193.
Madras BK, Compton WM, Avula D, et al. Screening, brief interventions, referral to treatment (SBIRT) for illicit drug and alcohol use at multiple healthcare sites: comparison at intake and 6 months later.
Drug Alcohol Depend
. 2009;99:280-295.


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The Bridge to begins with the transmission with the cognitive map described the relationship between two persons of those who engage in meaningful dialogue. As you can see from this image above, there is a speaker and listener. Sometimes we refer to these as the person being coached and the coach. There is a necessity to remember that each of us has our internal dialogue going on while we are communicating with other persons.
Internal dialogue includes our hopes, our dreams, our attitudes, our thoughts, our values, and our intentions. As a coach, we must separate our intentions in the conversation. The person being coached has all the same thoughts going on in their mind as they're trying to tell their story. True communication begins with the transmission of the message from the speaker to the listener. This message goes over a bridge, which is described as external dialogue. It is on this bridge of communication that many persons miscommunicate.
Once the message is delivered to the listener, then he or she must receive the message without making any assumptions. This is not an easy task, for we all make assumptions of things every day of our lives. So, to be a good listener or coach, it takes someone who has listening skills that are acquired over many years of experience and practice. In the cycle of communication, both parties must participate. Therefore, the listener must now transmit his or her message back to the speaker. Again, the message is transmitted across the bridge of communication to the person who is now the listener.
It is important to note that there are three means of communication. First, we communicate through our words which represents 7% of our communication. Secondly, 38% of our communication is done through our tone of voice. Finally, 55% of communication is nonverbal. Communication skills are vital in every area of life, whether with our family or with our coworkers, we must be willing to communicate clearly and effectively.
The next time you are in conversation with someone, whether it's a casual conversation or a coaching session, I hope you remember this diagram and put it to use. Thank you for taking a moment to read this blog article. I hope you received some good information from it. Please like it so that it will be passed on to others.

subset: commoncrawl


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A hair doctor can treat common hair problems such as hair loss, thinning hair, scalp issues like dandruff and psoriasis, and hair damage due to external factors like heat and chemicals. They can diagnose and treat hair loss, provide solutions like hair transplantation, treat scalp problems and help in preventing hair damage.
Consulting a hair doctor is important for early diagnosis and treatment of hair and scalp conditions, which can prevent further damage and improve the chances of successful treatment. Self-diagnosing and self-treatment can lead to misconceptions and ineffective treatment, making it necessary to seek professional help. Regular hair check-ups can help prevent hair problems and maintain healthy hair.
A dermatologist is a medical professional who specialises in treating skin, nails, and hair conditions, including hair loss. A hair doctor, or trichologist, focuses specifically on hair and scalp issues. Both can treat hair-related conditions, but a trichologist may offer a more specialised approach for hair and scalp problems.
It's advisable to visit a hair doctor if you're experiencing noticeable hair loss, changes in hair texture, persistently itchy or flaky scalp, or other concerning hair or scalp symptoms. Traya's free online hair test can also help you to find out the cause behind your hair loss problem in the comfort of your home. Regular check-ups can also be beneficial for maintaining healthy hair and scalp.
Hair doctors can perform various tests like hair pull tests, hair mineral analysis, scalp biopsies, and blood tests to diagnose hair and scalp conditions. The type of test depends on the individual's symptoms and the doctor's initial assessment.
Choosing the Right Hair Doctor in ramanujganj
When choosing a hair doctor in ramanujganj , it is important to consider their qualifications, experience, and specialization. Look for doctors who have received training from recognized institutions for trichology studies in India. Check reviews and ratings from previous patients and evaluate the clinic infrastructure and technology used for effective hair treatments.
Hair loss in ramanujganj can be more than just a cosmetic concern. It could indicate underlying health issues caused by environmental factors and stress. By seeking advice from a hair specialist, you can improve your hair quality by promoting overall health and well-being.
The Cost of Seeing a Hair Doctor in ramanujganj
Hair treatments in ramanujganj can vary widely in cost depending on the type of treatment and clinic chosen. In ramanujganj the average basic treatment costs around 800-1500. However, advanced treatments like hair transplants can cost upwards of INR 50,000. Insurance coverage for hair treatments is limited, with most health insurance plans not covering cosmetic treatments, but some may cover medically necessary treatments. It is important to check with your insurance provider and compare prices across different clinics to find the best value for your money. You can also give Traya's Free hair test to understand the root cause behind your hair fall problem and get your holistic, personalised treatment plan at a much lower cost.
Types of Hair Conditions Treated by Specialists in ramanujganj
- Alopecia: Hair Specialists treatment encompasses various types of hair loss, from pattern baldness to more rare hair loss conditions.
- Scalp Conditions: Issues such as dandruff, psoriasis, and fungal infections that compromise the health of the scalp.
- Hair Thinning & Breakage: Often a result of lifestyle, genetic predisposition, and environmental factors.
- Premature Greying: Early greying of hair before the typical ageing process begins.
- Hair Damage: Due to over-styling, chemical treatments, or adverse environmental conditions.
Which is the Best Hair Treatment in ramanujganj?
The right choice for the best hair fall treatment in ramanujganj depends on your age, the stage and cause of your hair fall, and its duration, among other factors. PRP, Hair Transplant, and other advanced hair treatments for regrowth are options for later stages when no natural treatment can work. Traya Health is the Best Hair Treatment in ramanujganj that offers an effective solution for those in stages 1-4. Traya's unique holistic approach combines the power of Ayurveda, dermatology, and nutrition, targeting the root causes of hair fall. Give Traya's free online hair test and get started with the best hair fall treatment right away.
Hair Doctors in Nearby Cities of India
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Leguminosae / Papilionaceae family
Sowing: directly planted in March under a tunnel. Direct sowing outdoor from mid-spring to July-August. Distances: depending on the vigor, from 60-80 cm between the rows and 25 cm on the row. place the supports about 240 cm high before planting. Tips: lightly press the soil at the base of the developed plant. if you have space, space the plants further. Needed seed: 1.5 - 2kg per 100 m2 of land.


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Sample questions:
- What are five words that best describe you? Write them down & draw a rectangle around each word.
- Who is your hero? Draw their face and put a crown on their head.


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It's never too early for good dental care. With good oral healthcare, your child can grow up cavity-free. Start by caring for your baby's gums and teeth. As they grow, teach your child the best possible tooth care. Don't forget that healthy teeth and gums require regular visits to the dentist.
Food and bacteria form a sticky substance called plaque on teeth. Bacteria in the plaque make acid that eats away at the tooth's hard coating (the enamel). The enamel becomes porous as tiny holes appear, allowing bacteria to enter. This causes tooth decay. Brushing stops plaque from building up. Begin cleaning your baby's gums a few days after birth. At first, use water and a piece of cotton gauze. As teeth come in, use a small toothbrush and a tiny grain-sized or rice-sized amount of fluoride toothpaste. Only use a tiny amount because children tend to swallow the toothpaste. A training toothpaste (nonfluoridated) can also be used at this stage. Talk with your dentist or healthcare provider for advice on using a fluoride supplement, such as drops or tablets. When your child is old enough to brush on their own, watch to be sure it's done right.
Flossing removes bacteria and plaque from between the teeth and under the gums. Floss your child's teeth daily. When the child is old enough, a floss holder can help them floss.
Fluoride makes tooth enamel stronger. This helps prevent cavities. Find out if your community's water has fluoride added to it. If not, ask your dentist if your child should be given fluoride supplements. Your dentist may also apply fluoride to your child's adult teeth at regular checkups.
Sealants are a safe, painless, and low-cost way to help protect your child's back teeth from decay. A thin plastic coating is bonded to the chewing surfaces of the molars and premolars. The sealant forms a hard shield that keeps food and bacteria from getting into the tiny grooves on the surface of the teeth.
Keep an eye on the following:
Tooth decay. Never let your child sleep with a bottle. Bottle liquids (even milk) that sit in the mouth can quickly cause tooth decay. Don't let your child drink or snack without brushing afterward.
Thumb sucking and pacifiers. Sucking on a thumb or pacifier is common for a baby. But if either habit continues past age 3 or 4, it may lead to tooth or jaw problems. If using a pacifier, an orthopedic pacifier is best for the teeth and jaws.
Call the dentist for any of the following:
Starting around age 1, your child should have regular dental checkups every 6 months.
Talk with your dentist if baby or adult teeth are crooked or fail to come in.
Call the dentist if you see brown or black spots on your child's teeth.
If a tooth is knocked out, get emergency dental care. Don't wash the tooth. Put it in milk until it can be put back in place.


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Basic Specifications | |
Full model name: | Canon PowerShot SD850 IS |
Resolution: | 8.00 Megapixels |
Sensor size: | 1/2.5 inch (5.8mm x 4.3mm) |
Lens: |
4.00x zoom
(35-140mm eq.) |
Viewfinder: | Optical / LCD |
Extended ISO: | 80 - 1600 |
Shutter: | 1/1600 - 15 sec |
Max Aperture: | 2.8 |
Dimensions: |
3.6 x 2.2 x 1.0 in. (90 x 57 x 26 mm) |
Weight: | 5.8 oz (165 g) |
Availability: | 06/2007 |
Manufacturer: | Canon |
Full specs: | Canon SD850 IS specifications |
Your purchases support this site
Buy the Canon SD850 IS
4.5 out of 5.0
Canon PowerShot SD850 IS Overview
by Mike Pasini
Review Date: 9/16/07
The Canon PowerShot SD850 IS is an 8 megapixel update of the 6 megapixel SD700 IS. Among other improvements, the SD850 IS is equipped with the company's current DIGIC III processor in place of the older DIGIC II. The new DIGIC offers the latest must-have feature: face detection autofocus, and yields a step up to a maximum ISO sensitivity of 1,600 (vs. 800 in the older camera), thanks to improved noise reduction. There's also a new "Aquarium" scene mode.
The Canon SD850 IS can now record movie clips to a maximum of 4GB, where the previous camera was limited to 1GB. It should be noted, however, that the one hour clip length limitation of the SD700 has been carried over to the new model, so you'll only be able to take advantage of the increased clip size if you don't hit the one hour limit first.
Other Canon SD850 IS improvements include a higher-resolution LCD display with 230,000 pixels in place of the previous 173K- pixel display, as well as support for the newer SDHC (Secure Digital High Capacity) card format on top of the existing SD/MMC card support. A new time-lapse movie mode allows you to capture frames at 0.5 or one frame per second for up to two hours -- the one time you'll be able to shoot a movie clip longer than an hour -- with the resulting clip tagged as 15 frames per second (and hence playing at either 15 or 30 times real speed).
The Canon SD850 is rather slower in continuous mode than its predecessor, managing just 1.3 fps in large/fine mode where the SD700 IS was capable of 2.1 fps. One final change of note is that where the SD700 IS offered a small (15cm) overlap between the regular and macro AF modes, the Canon SD850 IS now has a clear cutoff -- regular focusing stops at 50cm, and the macro focusing range extends up to exactly that same point.
The Canon PowerShot SD850 IS shipped mid-June 2007, priced at $399.99.
Canon PowerShot SD850 IS
User Report
by Mike Pasini
Intro. From the start, I couldn't keep myself from referring to the Canon SD850 IS as the SD800 IS. I set up my review folder that way and continued the mistake with my gallery shot folder name and so on. Even the Overview seemed to make the same mistake, referring the SD850 IS's predecessor as the SD700 IS, ignoring the SD800 IS all together.
But Canon insists the SD850's direct predecessor really is the SD700 because both cameras offer a 35-140mm zoom. The SD800 sets itself apart with its 28-105mm zoom. But other than that and an optical zoom range improved from 3.8x to 4x, the Canon SD850 is an SD800. Think of it as a choice of lenses at the top of the Digital ELPH line.
That's a line that has established itself at the top of the digicam heap where image quality and user experience are the measures for all other comers. But the other defining feature of this line may be a disadvantage to some: no manual control of aperture or shutter speed. If you're looking for a good digicam and don't want to worry about things like that, though, the Canon SD850 is your baby.
Design. From a physical point of view, the Canon SD850 is almost exactly the same camera as the SD700. The main differences are on the back panel. The dark mask around the SD700's LCD has been replaced by a gray mask on the Canon SD850, and the elliptical buttons on the SD700 are now round on the Canon SD850. There is a small thumb grip on the Canon SD850, a grid of nine tiny bumps.
The color scheme and use of chrome highlights still strike me as modern, even fresh; and the Canon SD850 can sit up on its side so all the type reads right.
It isn't as svelte a camera as many ultracompacts like the Sony T series, Nikon S series or Fujifilm Z series, but heft is helpful in a small camera when you actually press the shutter. It stabilizes the body of the camera. The Canon SD850 ranks average in weight among entry-level cameras, but it's on the high end of average. So it's a little awkward in a shirt pocket, but fine in your jacket.
As grips go, the Canon SD850's is minimal. The raised type spelling "Canon" on the front and the small bumps on the back are it. But here again, the heft helps, providing something to get your hand around. No complaint from me about this grip.
Like other ELPHs, the Canon SD850 is comfortable not only to carry but to shoot with, easily managed with just your right hand. The Control dial icons are large and clear, and there are just four buttons to learn, two of which do the heavy lifting.
You'll never have to hunt for the large Shutter button or the Zoom lever surrounding it. The Canon SD850's Power button is not quite as convenient until you learn to press it with your thumb.
The SD series is small, relying on a tiny lithium-ion battery and miniature SD memory cards to make a compact package you can take anywhere in any pocket. The Canon SD850 is rugged enough that you don't need to protect it in a case, but you'll probably want to anyway. And small as it is, it's still large enough for a big 2.5 inch LCD so you can enjoy your photos as soon as you take them.
Display/Viewfinder. Unlike most small digicams, the Canon SD850 gives you both a large LCD and an optical viewfinder. Optical viewfinders are not as accurate as LCDs, they're harder to see through and they don't change with the aspect ratio. But one thing they all do well is let you compose your shot in bright sunlight, something not every LCD can manage.
The optical viewfinder on the Canon SD850 shows just 78 percent of what the sensor captures, while the LCD shows 100 percent (even a bit more). The Canon SD850 does have a widescreen shooting mode, so the LCD is preferred for framing those shots.
The LCD on the Canon SD850, however, is usable in bright sun and quite sharp with 230,000 pixels (up from the 173,000 of the SD700). You can see the display at a rather severe angle, so you aren't shooting blind when you have to hold the camera over your head to get the shot. Of course, you can't beat an LCD when it's time to show off the shot. The big, 2.5-inch LCD is just the ticket for that.
Performance. The Canon SD850 ranks above average (and well above) for startup time, shutdown time, autofocus shutter lag, pre-focus shutter lag, cycle time, LCD size and download speed with USB 2.0 Hi-Speed support.
The only categories the Canon SD850 ranks average in are its weight (which I find advantageous), and its 4x zoom (which is a bit better than the standard 3x zoom ratio these days).
The Canon SD850's flash recycle time ranks below average at 7.5 seconds but that often points to a more powerful flash. Luke's flash tests tell the whole story, but my informal shooting around the house impressed me by how well the flash lit up even large rooms.
But with image stabilization available on the Canon SD850 IS, I avoided flash shots. I left IS on all the time except when I was shooting a comparison test. The only time you really should turn it off is when you have the camera mounted on a tripod. In full sunlight, IS helped stabilize the inevitable camera shake of a 16x digital zoom shot (and I took a lot of them). In dim lighting, it stabilized the slow shutter speeds that let me capture exactly what I was seeing. It did it so well, the Canon SD850 was usually able to keep ISO sensitivity below 200 when using IS.
Low light performance is really top notch. Nearly everything in our Low Light table is well exposed even down to 1/16 footcandle at ISO 200.
Macro with the Canon SD850 was a delight, too. You don't have to get right on top of a subject to shoot macro. I engaged it for most of my full frame flower shots to capture the texture of the petals, for example.
Movie mode doesn't offer a 16:9 option, but it does offer a Fast Frame Rate of 60 fps, twice the broadcast standard of 30 fps. That means you can shoot slow motion with the Canon SD850.
A 16:9 wide aspect ratio is available on the Canon SD850 for still shooting, however; although you can't tap into digital zoom when you're using it. It's somehow a more pleasing aspect ratio to me, more the shape of your two eyes than the 4:3 ratio (or even the traditional 3:2) that frames a print so well.
A full charge on the Canon SD850's battery delivers about 230 shots, according to Canon. If you turn off the LCD (an option since you have an optical viewfinder) that jumps up to 700. So if battery power is running low, turn off the LCD to extend shooting time. Playback is good for six hours, Canon claims. That far exceeds my performance for a day's shooting.
Shooting. The Canon SD850 combines some pretty powerful technology in a high performance package that takes no effort to enjoy. The Face Detection and Red-eye Correction of its DIGIC III processor, the high ISO 1,600 option and image stabilization for shooting in low light, the 4x zoom starting at 28mm, and the 8.0 megapixel sensor make this machine adept at everything from portraits in natural light to scenics of places you see once in a lifetime.
Face Detection was quick, so you won't be penalized for setting the AF mode to Face Detect. That also means it's on all the time. I didn't do that for the Gallery shots but it wouldn't have taken the Canon SD850 any longer to focus if I had. And that means Face Detection isn't limited to a special mode (like Portrait mode only). Very nice.
My Gallery shots start with two sets of the zoom range images from Twin Peaks. As the Exif data shows, the first set was shot with Image Stabilization on (Shoot Only mode). But when using a support (and I did, shooting from the top of a scope there), you should turn the Canon SD850's image stabilization off, so I did that for the second set.
I don't notice much of a penalty for keeping image stabilization on, frankly. Neither matching shot is sharper than the other. I do see a little flare in the highlights (the white roof at the bottom edge for example) that is increasingly common in small digicams.
The Canon SD850's color is saturated but still natural, although the clouds really pop out of the sky in the 5.8mm wide-angle shots. Digital zoom is disappointing, although atmospheric haze handicaps a shot of that distance. A shot like the Bay Bridge, taken a 4x digital zoom (16x total) with image stabilization is just the kind of thing you want to be able to do from Twin Peaks (or any scenic spot) so the range is nice, but the detail is quite soft.
If long range scenics were a bit disappointing in detail despite their attractive color, indoor shots were much happier. The mask shot shows little noise and sharp detail. The orchid, taken in Macro mode, shows off the detail the Canon SD850 can capture in the shadows, although the 1/60 exposure looks a little soft at f/2.8.
But for proof that image stabilization is worth the extra pesos look no further than the Grape Goddess, a small bottle cap shot at 1/11 second in a dark corner of the room at ISO 200. Despite that slow shutter speed, it's sharp (see her banner) with little noise (since the ISO didn't have to be cranked up past 200). Your average digicam can't bring home that shot. The Canon SD850 can.
What's the Canon SD850's ISO 1,600 good for then? Well the image of the corks shows both good detail and good color (a tough assignment at high ISO), though the color range of the original is quite limited. Grain doesn't hurt a shot like this (where there's lots of texture in the subject), but there isn't much of it compared to other ISO 1,600 shots I've taken.
The doll shots are also in two sets. The first set was really disappointing, given the high ISO performance and image stabilization. So I gave it another shot on a brighter day in the basement and did see detail and some color in the images. The eyelids and eyebrows on the ISO 1,600 shot are sharp and there's color in the eye as well. You can even see the cracks in the doll's face. That's pretty remarkable at 1/10 second -- but notice I was shooting at f/5.5, not wide open at f/2.8. At ISO 800, color is stronger and despite the 1/5 shutter speed the detail is still sharp enough to discern if not quite as sharp as the ISO 1,600 shot.
While the Canon SD850's color seemed a bit too saturated to me, it was still well within the bounds of realism. But you might not appreciate that from the thumbnails of, say, the roses. You really have to look at the full resolution version of the image to appreciate the color capture. They're a bit oversaturated as thumbnails.
Knowing I was able to shoot in dark quarters without a flash meant I could take home some unusual shots, like the WPA murals at Beach Chalet. The Canon SD850 only had to go to ISO 200 to shoot them at f/2.8 and f/3.1 and I came home with some souvenirs many other digicams wouldn't have been able to get.
Macro shooting was a ball, too, letting me enjoy things up close at my leisure like the small cactus plant whose spikes were growing whiskers. You just don't notice details like that when you're revving up the garbage disposal and looking for the hand towel.
Appraisal. Like other digital ELPHs, the Canon SD850 IS is designed for the person who doesn't want to worry about shutter speeds and apertures to get good pictures. If Auto mode doesn't do the trick the Programmed Auto accesses options like White Balance, EV compensation, and Metering. And if that's too much trouble, there's a healthy selection of Scene modes to solve almost any problem.
That ease of use is reflected in the Canon SD850 IS's cleverly sculpted shell, which seems to have an invisible grip, and its simple control layout. That extends to features like Face Detect autofocus and its excellent image stabilization that helps get sharp shots at its 16x digital zoom limit and in low light situations, too.
The Canon SD850 IS is an excellent performer no matter what aspect you consider, with superior focusing and low light performance matched with a powerful flash that doesn't make you wait all day to recharge. With a day-long battery, you couldn't ask for a better companion than the Canon SD850 IS, no matter where you're going.
Basic Features
- 8.0 megapixel sensor
- UA lens with ultra-high refractive index glass
- 5.8-23.2mm f/2.8-5.5 (35mm film equivalent: 35-140mm)
- 4x optical zoom with 4x digital zoom for 16x total zoom
- Focus ranges: Digital Macro 0.79 in. to 1.6 ft. in wide-angle, Macro 0.79 in. to 1.6 ft. in wide-angle and 1.3 to 1.6 ft. in telephoto, and Normal 1.6 ft. to infinity
- TTL autofocus
- Shutter speed from 15 seconds to 1/1600 second
- 2.5 inch LCD with scratch resistant, anti-reflection coating
- Exposure compensation +/- two stops in 1/3 stop increments
- White balance options of Auto, Preset (Daylight, Cloudy, Tungsten, Fluorescent, Fluorescent H), and Custom
- Flash modes of Auto, Auto w/ Red-eye Reduction, Flash On, Flash On w/ Red-eye Reduction, and Flash Off
- Flash range from 1.6 to 11 ft. at wide-angle and 1.6 to 6.6 ft. in telephoto with ISO set to Auto
- Self-Timer settings of 2 and 10 seconds with a Custom option
- Continuous shooting at 1.3 fps
- Monaural audio
Special Features
- Optical image stabilization
- DIGIC III image processor with improved face detection and red-eye correction
- ISO sensitivity up to 1600 with High ISO Auto option
- Six Movie modes including broadcast quality, time lapse and slow motion
- Special Scene mode of Portrait, Foliage, Snow, Beach, Fireworks, Aquarium, Underwater, Indoor, Kids & Pets, Night Snapshot, and Creative Light Effect plus Color Accent, Color Swap, Digital Macro, Stitch Assist, and Movie modes
- User Defined Print/Share button
- USB 2.0 Hi-Speed
In the Box
The Canon PowerShot SD850 IS ships with the following items in the box:
- PowerShot SD850 IS Digital ELPH Body
- Lithium Battery Pack NB-5L
- Battery Charger CB-2LX
- SD Memory Card SDC-32MB
- Wrist Strap WS-700
- Digital Camera Solution CD-ROM
- USB Interface Cable IFC-400PCU
- AV Cable AVC-DC300
Recommended Accessories
- Large capacity SD/MMC memory card. These days, a 2GB or 4GB card is a good tradeoff between cost and capacity.
- Small camera case for outdoor and in-bag protection
Pro: | Con: |
With an 8.0 megapixel CCD, 4x optical zoom lens, image stabilization, and a well-designed user interface, the Canon PowerShot SD850 IS takes top spot by a nose in the popular PowerShot line with a compact ELPH body style well suited for travel. Exposure remains under automatic control, something novices will appreciate, and the Canon SD850's pre-programmed Scene modes help with more tricky subjects. The SD850 is a very responsive camera, with low shutter lag in daylight conditions, and good shot-to-shot speeds. It also sports very good battery life, a very capable Movie mode, and excellent download speed. The bright 2.5-inch color LCD monitor is excellent for framing and reviewing shots, and the overall design and layout of the SD850 IS is user-friendly and hassle-free. For a good take-anywhere camera with great versatility and good color and tonality, the Canon SD850 IS is an easy Dave's Pick.
Note: For details, test results, and analysis of the many tests done with this camera, please click on the tabs above or below.


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A Cardinal's Christmas Gift: Coming Home
That said, Foley's departure from the booth comes in the service of what he'd easily consider a greater good. For the first time since his 1984 "exile" to Rome as president of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications, the 74 year-old "patriarch" of Philadelphia Catholicism is home for Christmas -- and lest anyone's keen and able to join in, he'll be basking in the joy with two local liturgies over the coming days.
On Christmas morning, the cardinal will preside and preach the 11.30 Mass at Sacred Heart in Manoa, his first assignment as a priest which he's held as his home-church ever since, and a 10.30 on Holy Family Sunday at his boyhood parish, Holy Spirit in Sharon Hill. (If you're going, head out early -- Manoa might be an 1,800-seater, but much like his daily Lenten Masses there as a young curate, Foley packs the place out the doors every time he returns.)
It's been said before but bears repeating: if Macy's really knew what it was doing, they'd scrap Julie Andrews and have the church's John Facenda narrate the Light Show....
More on that another day; in the meanwhile, for those who missed it before (or just want to see it again), let's give the famous sign-off one last spin:


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Hello Cook The Books Participants,
I hope the New Year is going well for everyone and you are cooking and eating lots of delicious food and reading great books like our current Cook The Books pick; The Language of Baklava by Diana Abu-Jaber. A few more weeks to go until February 15th when our posts are due for this book. Hopefully your creative juices are flowing and you are deciding what incredible dish to make to represent this wonderful book. I know we have at least one entry posted already (Thanks Arlene!) and we look forward to seeing more.
I came across some book group discussion questions and I thought it would be fun to post some of the more food-related ones so that we can get some good dialogue started and add to our Cook The Books experience. Feel free to leave a comment (or comments) with your thoughts on any of the questions. (The questions came from: "Let's Talk About It--We Are What We Eat", a food related book club and were created by Susan Swetnam, Idaho State University, 2007). Of course you are not limited to just these questions, please feel free to share your thoughts on any aspect of this book and your overall impressions.
1. In the memoir, Abu-Jaber's father Bud, constantly uses food to reassure himself that his connection to his origins and family are not lost, and to attempt to connect his children to that heritage. Why, do you believe, does food hold power to forge such connections? What foods remind you of such connections?
2. Some immigrant children reject their ethnic foodways (at least temporarily) in an effort to become Americanized. Despite Diana Abu-Jaber's temporary rebellions, she never does. Why might that be so, given her larger feelings about her father and her family?
3. One important theme in this book is finding one's place as a person between cultures. Do you believe that such accommodation happens for Diana? If so, how does she accomplish it? Or does she end up identifying herself more one way than another?
4. Although the themes of The Language of Baklava are serious, the book is full of humor. What does the humor add? Do humor and food go together, in some ways, for you?
Happy eating, reading and discussion! We look forward to seeing everyone's delicious dishes by
February 15th! We are looking forward to Diana Abu-Jaber's help in choosing our winner for this round! Prizes and glory await!


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Paul Clement is, quite simply, a walking superlative. A wunderkind who at age 34 became deputy solicitor general and then was promoted to the top spot, solicitor general of the United States, becoming the youngest person to hold that post in more than a century. Now 45, he has argued an astonishing 57 cases before the Supreme Court, more than any other lawyer since 2000. And next week, he will lead the challenge to the Obama health care overhaul, in the Supreme Court.
Like Donald Verrilli, the man he will be arguing against, Clement has won admiration and respect across the political spectrum for his integrity and skill. But when other lawyers speak about Clement, they just gush. He doesn't use notes when he argues; he seems to remember the most minute details of a case, down to the page numbers. His tone is conversational; he seems to enjoy the back and forth with the justices so much that he actually smiles.
"I think he is the pre-eminent advocate in his generation," says Neal Katyal, who served as acting solicitor general for a year in the Obama administration.
Clement is so pre-eminent, in fact, that he is widely viewed as a top choice for a seat on the U.S. Supreme Court in a Republican administration. That prospect, however, is tempered by a client list that looks to be straight out the Republican Party platform.
Clement was born and raised in Cedarburg, Wis., the youngest of four children. His father was the chief financial officer of a company; his mother stayed home and did so much volunteer work that Clement laughingly points out she is "the longest-serving member of the Ozaukee County traffic safety committee."
After a stellar academic career, Clement went on to what has been termed "the holy grail of clerkships," first for Judge Laurence Silberman, a conservative icon on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, and then for conservative Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia.
After a brief stint in private practice, he decided to pursue a life in public service. His first stop was a job in the U.S. Senate, where he was recommended to a junior member of the new GOP majority. The senator, John Ashcroft, was looking for a chief counsel for the Constitution subcommittee he became chairman of when the Republicans won control of the Senate.
Clement admits he was intimidated when he went for his interview. He had no real political credentials. "I really, sort of would describe myself as more of a law geek," he says.
But Ashcroft says he wasn't concerned about Clement's political credentials — he wanted a legal superstar.
"I think that the important thing in public life is to draft for talent," Ashcroft says, and he saw Clement as a Michael Jordan-like draft pick. Clement worked for the senator for three years on everything from the bipartisan Digital Millennium Copyright Act to the impeachment of President Clinton. By the end of the impeachment, Clement had figured out that he really liked working on constitutional issues, as opposed to counting legislative votes.
So he went back to private practice, only to be tapped again for public service in 2001, when Ashcroft became attorney general in the Bush administration. Initially, Ashcroft wanted Clement to head the Office of Legal Counsel, which is charged with telling the president which actions are within his power and which ones are not.
But as it turned out, the White House had another candidate, and Ashcroft instead slated Clement to be deputy to the new solicitor general, Theodore Olson. Olson checked out Clement, got rave reviews, and now says it was his "lucky day."
It was probably Clement's lucky day too, since the job he missed out on turned out to be in the vortex of formulating post-Sept. 11 anti-terrorism policies. Ashcroft, for his part, still mutters that President Bush could have avoided a lot of "heartache" had he taken his initial legal advice from the sensible and tough-minded Clement instead of the man the president chose, Jay Bybee.
The job Clement got as deputy solicitor general is known informally as the "political deputy" position. The three other deputies are career civil servants. The political deputy's job is to act as a buffer between the White House and the generally apolitical solicitor general's office, ensuring that the president's legitimate policy objectives are taken into consideration — often on hot-button issues like abortion, affirmative action or gun rights — while ensuring that the government's institutional objectives are protected from political pressures. By all accounts, Clement did that masterfully.
"When he was in the government, he really was, even though he's thought of as being quite conservative, an absolutely fair arbiter," says Tom Goldstein, the founder of SCOTUSblog, the leading Supreme Court blog. "There were a bunch of times when he was pushing the civil rights division of the Bush Justice Department to take a more moderate/centrist, even more liberal position than it nearly ever would have otherwise."
For Clement, his new job also made him No. 2 in arguing the government's cases before the Supreme Court. In 2001, however, he was a novice, and he is frank to say he was scared silly as he waited to begin his first argument. His parents had come from Wisconsin to watch, he remembers, and "Somebody said, 'Well, isn't it going to make you nervous that your parents are there?' and I said, 'How could I be any more nervous than I already am!' "
As soon as he began his argument, though, Clement felt himself settle into a groove. The legal geek had become the handsome prince of Supreme Court advocacy.
He admits his worst moment as an advocate was in one of the war on terrorism cases after Sept. 11. The issue was whether the president had the power to order the indefinite detention, without any court hearing, of an American citizen seized at O'Hare airport in Chicago and suspected of terrorist activities.
As the justices probed just how much unilateral power the president has under the Constitution, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg asked whether the president has the power to order prisoners to be subjected to "mild torture" in order to get information. Some systems of government allow that, she observed.
"Well, our executive doesn't," Clement shot back. "You have to recognize that in situations ... where the government is on a war footing, that you have to trust the executive."
Eight hours later, CBS News released the infamous and gruesome Abu Ghraib prison photos, showing U.S. military guards abusing naked prisoners in Iraq.
"It was a very difficult experience for an advocate," Clement recalls. "It was a very horrible, horrible fact, but if you don't know the bad fact, you can't put it in context."
Clement had been blindsided. It was a moment that played over and over again on the public airwaves, and probably in the justices' minds too.
When Clement did know some bad facts, he usually managed to persuade the Bush administration to take action in the nick of time — shortly before two terrorism cases involving American citizens were to be argued before the Supreme Court, for instance, the government finally, after years of lawyerless detention, allowed the attorneys for the defendants to talk to their clients.
Perhaps the most spectacular skill that Clement demonstrates in oral argument is his command of facts, quotes, statutory provisions and the like, down to the page numbers, all without notes. Many experienced advocates bring notes to the lectern and never refer to them. Clement learned to discard even that crutch practicing for the debate team in high school and college.
So, does he have a photographic memory? No, says Clement. Even a daunting case appendix of 500 pages or more contains only a few things that matter.
"In a sense," he says, "the skill is to figure out what in that 500-page appendix the justices are going to care about."
His peers say Clement is incredibly quick at digesting information. Goldstein, also a Supreme Court advocate, noted this quality when he recently hired Clement to argue a case for a client.
"In the course of two meetings, he was able to internalize and articulate better than we had been able, issues that we had spent months working on," Goldstein says. "He just has the capacity to distill."
Clement says preparation for oral argument takes two solid, uninterrupted weekends of work, or 114 weekends away from family so far. He tries to make up for it, sometimes leaving work early to go to sports events or to pick up his children at school.
"You just have to make time for it and make it a priority because if you don't, you're going to lose your shot," Clement says.
Clement's wife, Alexandra, a Harvard Business School graduate, was the primary earner in the family early on, but for now is raising their three boys, ages 13, 11, and 9.
A lot of young lawyers are interested in public service, Clement observes, but if they put on the golden handcuffs, take on a huge mortgage and rich lifestyle, they can't afford to leave the private sector.
"We kind of made our choices with the idea that you have to be in a position where you could do this and still be on one government salary," he says.
Upon leaving public service, Clement returned to his old firm, King & Spalding, where he built a prosperous appellate practice. Then last year, he agreed to represent congressional Republicans in defending the Defense of Marriage Act — DOMA — the federal law that defines marriage as between a man and a woman.
Although he initially cleared taking the case with the firm, he was soon asked to drop it because of complaints from both clients and some partners. He refused and moved to a tiny D.C. law firm headed by two partners who had been colleagues at the Bush administration Justice Department.
Clement's refusal to abandon his client won widespread praise across the political spectrum in the legal community. Even Justice Elena Kagan praised his "professionalism and honor," saying that Clement's critics "misunderstood the traditions and ethics of the legal profession."
Indeed, as Clement is quick to point out, he has just as zealously represented liberal causes in some cases. For instance, he argued that the victims of unscrupulous prosecutors should be permitted to sue for damages — an issue he ultimately lost. He also argued that California's prisons are so overcrowded that prisoners are subject to cruel and unusual punishment. He won that case, resulting in an order to release tens of thousands of nonviolent prisoners.
But, for the most part, Clement's caseload is a catalog of conservative causes.
In 2010, he won a major gun rights case for the National Rifle Association. This term, in addition to his attack on the health care law, Clement has already won a redistricting battle for the state of Texas and its Republican Legislature, and in April he will defend Arizona's aggressive immigration law.
At the same time, in the lower courts, he has a bunch of cases that very likely will end up at the Supreme Court. He is defending voter ID laws in Southern states against challenges from the Justice Department, challenging the constitutionality of President Obama's recent recess appointments, and arguing in support of DOMA.
All of this makes him a prime candidate for appointment to the Supreme Court some day when there is a vacancy and a Republican president. But all of this also makes him a target if that happens.
"He really has touched the third, fourth, fifth and sixth rails of liberal politics," says Supreme Court advocate Goldstein. "Regrettably, he's going to be too easy to caricature." Goldstein believes that with "all fairness" having "flown out the window" in modern confirmation politics, Clement would likely be defeated.
Clement, however, still sees the world as a rational place, where good lawyers are fully capable of arguing either side of a case, and the system depends on them doing that.
Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.


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Spiritual Gangster Laguna Sweatpant in Blue Paradise - XS is backordered and will ship as soon as it is back in stock.
You were born to lounge. Full length means full comfort in our super soft and easy to wear SG Laguna Sweatpant. Made with a slouchy and relaxed oversized fit for maximum comfort, elastic waistline and ankles, and "Spiritual Gangster" front logo. Perfect to throw on after a sweat session or for casual days.
This style is designed to be slightly oversized. Order one size down for more traditional fit.
Made with love from 100% French Terry Cotton.