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GoblinX Premium 2007.1
GoblinX developers released their 2007.1 Premium version of GoblinX Linux recently and I was able to obtain the 1-cd version for testing. GoblinX has always been a very interesting project to watch with their odd-looking almost macabre-themed XFCE distro. It's based on Slackware, so you know they have a good foundation and XFCE is coming into its own. With new versions of GoblinX being released about once per year, it's hard to pass up the chance to test it when a new one arrives on the scene.
"GoblinX is a Live-CD that is based on the excellent Slackware, developed and maintained by Flavio de Oliveira a.k.a Grobsch and created by using Linuxlive scripts."
As mentioned, GoblinX is one of the most unique looking distributions available. If you are one who marches to his own drummer, then GoblinX is definitely for you. The boot process hasn't changed much from 2006.1 and starts out with the Halloween flavored boot splash that features what appears to be a goblin. F2 and F3 offer a multitude of booting options, one of particular note is the "nofirewall" option. The boot process is silent by default and adorned with another one of GoblinX's original backgrounds. The verbose boot is similar looking to Slax and Wolvix in that one can see modules for the various subsystems being loaded. The verbose screen is decorated with thumbnails of the various GoblinX desktops. In the end one is brought to a text login and given complete instructions how to procede.
One is given the login and password and typing "go" will start the default desktop of XFCE4. The strangely appealing orangy-yellow theme is still present as seen last year. If one uses "xes" they can choose from other popular desktops such as KDE 3.5.4, Windowmaker, Enlightenment DR16, or Fluxbox. Each is customized to the unique GoblinX flavor and coordinates with each other very well. They aren't exact duplicates of each other, instead featuring differing wallpapers, slightly varying color schemes, and individual themes. Each is unmistakenably GoblinX. If preferable, there are some customization options (such as other wallpapers or themes) available as well.
In any of the desktops you choose, there is a large amount of applications available, even in my 1-disk package. The menus are fairly consistant across desktops and contain many fun and productive tools and apps. Some of the big names one might expect are found, such as The Gimp, Firefox & Thunderbird, XMMS, Gaim, Mplayer, and several cd/dvd rip & burn apps. Office needs are handled with Abiword, Gnumeric, and Criawips. It comes with several shells and over a 1/2 dozen simple editors like Gedit, Kate and Leafpad. Games include Wesnoth, Blob Wars, Frozen Bubble, and Star Fighter. In addition, the menus are chocked full of other utilities to help one connect to the net and media use and creation. Also of notes are Dolphin and Conky. Under the hood we find X 6.9.0, gcc 3.4.6, and Linux 2.6.18.
Besides bundling lots of open source software, GoblinX includes their own tools for system management. Several of these are housed within the Magic Center. The Magic Center is a control panel similar to the PCLinuxOS Control Center or openSUSE Control Center. It contains easily accessible pathways to system configuration modules in one nicely organized application. One of the pages is Hardware Settings with such options as Video & Monitor, Laptop Battery, and Set Printers. Another is Network and Internet settings with Network Settings, Dialup Connection, and Firewall. Modules is for Remastering the Livecd or working with Modules. Advance Settings is used for things such as Login Manager, Configuring Lilo, and setting the time & date as well as opening the Software Master. Desktop Appearance and System Performance are other areas. System Performance has options such as System and Partition information, Daemons Control, System Logs, and Process Monitoring. The KDE Control Center can be brought up from any of the pages as can an Explorer (which is actually the XFCE4 file manager).
The Software Master is a just that. It provides tools to install GoblinX packages through Gslapt, installing other types of software such as source packages or debs and rpms, and working with modules.
In order to fully use and enjoy the previously mentioned software packagers and installers, one should install GoblinX to their harddrive. GoblinX comes with its own installer. Featuring similar options as other installers, GoblinX's is still very unique in appearance. It offers one the chance to prepare partitions if needed using GParted. Then one sets the target partition and is given the chance to exclude any modules they may not want. After the initial install, a screen opens to allow for setting the root password and primary user account. Next one can select one of the 5 default languages and set boot level, monitor resolution, and if to save configs from the running livecd mode. Lastly one sets up their bootloader.
GoblinX is a truly unique looking Linux experience. Even today with all the themes and 3D effects, many distros look so similar as to sometimes make distinction difficult. This won't be a problem with GoblinX. It can't be confused with any other.
This time around I found most of the applications operative, high performing, and stable. I still had difficulty with the installer, but after all this time I'm beginning to suspect it's specific to my hardware setup. I had to use the nofirewall option if I wanted to connect to the internet. I didn't examine the iptables script to see what the exact issue was, but --list didn't reveal any blockers. Just disabling it after boot didn't clear it. Mplayer seemed to be missing a library or two and wouldn't open. Noatun had problems playing videos requiring additional codecs. Java is included with the 2 cd set and Firefox automagically installs flash.
Again, one of the most admirable qualities today is found in GoblinX - that's the courage to be different. I also like that there are several window managers/desktop environments to choose from. Not many today offer this kind of choice anymore due to what I speculate might be lack of interest, developers, or image space. All in all, I believe everyone should give this unique distro a test run for themselves.
- Cdroms are available at On-Disk.com. The various GoblinX CD packages available for this release include:
- 2007.1 Premium - 1 CD is as described above.
- 2007.1 Premium 2 CD set contains docs, help pages, tutorials, fonts, themes,
wallpapers and other archives removed from the livecd. It also includes more applications such as Emacs, D4x, Genpower, Firestarter, Griffith, Xfractint and Java Runtime (JRE) as well as all other languages not added by default. - 2007.1 Premium 5 CD set includes three cdroms with source code packages, GoblinX builds and necessary files to compile applications from source.
- At 167MB, GoblinX 2.0 "Mini" "is the son of GoblinX and contains only the Xfce windows manager and GTK+-based applications."
- GoblinX Mini at Distrowatch
- GoblinX Homepage
- Login or register to post comments
- Printer-friendly version
- 61357 reads
- PDF version
re: GoblinX
looks pretty interesting, and looks good too, i might give it a try soon..
Slackware with gui tools
I've bookmarked it. I've had problems with each Slackware-derived distro I've tried but I'm going to give GoblinX a spin soon-ish. Difference is good but I'm not keen on eccentric experiments.
I initially had it confused with GoboLinux which I also want to try one day.
Thanks Susan for your review.
We're going to release GoblinX Standard 2.0 very soon and it will have all windows managers and several applications in about 300MB ISO image.
re: Thanks
you need to add a gnome desktop!
Perhaps in the future
Perhaps in the future, but now working almost entirely alone, it's impossible have both KDE and Gnome. GoblinX needs heavy costumization.
very nice review
Thanks for that. I've always wondered what this obscure distro looks like.
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| Red Hat Hires a Blind Software Engineer to Improve Accessibility on Linux DesktopAccessibility on a Linux desktop is not one of the strongest points to highlight. However, GNOME, one of the best desktop environments, has managed to do better comparatively (I think). In a blog post by Christian Fredrik Schaller (Director for Desktop/Graphics, Red Hat), he mentions that they are making serious efforts to improve accessibility. Starting with Red Hat hiring Lukas Tyrychtr, who is a blind software engineer to lead the effort in improving Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and Fedora Workstation in terms of accessibility. |
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It is no secret that I was not pleased with last year's strike-shortened season. Due to the "labor unrest" I surrendered my season tickets and gave up my regular seat in the Predators pressbox.
That being said, I am feeling a tinge of excitement on the eve of a new full NHL season. Therefore, I am inspired to share my predictions for the 2013-14 season.
With the new realignment, it only makes sense to make picks by the conference so here we go.
Eastern Conference
1. Pittsburgh
2. Boston
3. Detroit
4. Ottawa
5. N.Y. Rangers
6. Toronto
7. Philadelphia
8. Washington
9. Montreal
10. N.Y. Islanders
11. New Jersey
12. Tampa Bay
13. Columbus
14. Carolina
15. Buffalo
16. Florida
Western Conference
1. Los Angeles
2. Chicago
3. St. Louis
4. San Jose
5. Vancouver
6. Nashville
7. Minnesota
8. Anaheim
9. Dallas
10. Edmonton
11. Colorado
12. Winnipeg
13. Phoenix
14. Calgary
More Later...
Buddy Oakes for PredsOnTheGlass
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Wednesday, March 31 is International Transgender Day of Visibility, a day dedicated to celebrating transgender people and raising awareness of the discrimination the community faces worldwide.
The Human Rights Campaign says the day is a time to celebrate transgender and non-binary people around the globe and acknowledge the courage it takes to live their lives openly and authentically.
President Joe Biden issued a proclamation Wednesday, officially recognizing the day and urging all Americans to join in the fight for full equality for all transgender people.
In his statement, Biden mentioned that despite the progress that has been made in advancing the civil rights for LGBTQ+ Americans, many transgender people still face systemic barriers to freedom and equality.
"Transgender Americans of all ages face high rates of violence, harassment, and discrimination," said Biden. "Nearly one in three transgender Americans have experienced homelessness at some point in life. Transgender Americans continue to face discrimination in employment, housing, health care, and public accommodations. The crisis of violence against transgender women, especially transgender women of color, is a stain on our nation's conscience."
Biden also mentioned his support for the Equality Act, a bill that would provide federal civil rights protections on the bases of sexual orientation and gender identity. It would also deliver legal protections for LGBTQ+ Americans in our housing, education, public services, and lending systems.
The day of visibility comes at a time when states legislatures around the country are passing laws that target transgender people, such as legislation that allows doctors to refuse to treat someone because of moral or religious objections, or bills that prohibit transgender athletes from participating in girls' sports. In Arkansas, lawmakers have also approved a bill that would ban gender confirming treatments for minor, though the governor has not yet signed it into law.


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Third-party applications that need to verify your GitHub identity, or interact with the data on GitHub on your behalf, can ask you to authorize the GitHub App to do so.
When authorizing the GitHub App, you should ensure you trust the application, review who it's developed by, and review the kinds of information the application wants to access.
During authorization, you'll be prompted to grant the GitHub App permission to:
- Verify your GitHub identity
When authorized, the GitHub App will be able to programmatically retrieve your public GitHub profile, as well as some private details (such as your email address), depending on the level of access requested. - Know which resources you can access
When authorized, the GitHub App will be able to programmatically read the private GitHub resources that you can access (such as private GitHub repositories) where an installation of the GitHub App is also present. The application may use this, for example, so that it can show you an appropriate list of repositories. - Act on your behalf
The application may need to perform tasks on GitHub, as you. This might include creating an issue, or commenting on a pull request. This ability to act on your behalf is limited to the GitHub resources where both you and the GitHub App have access. In some cases, however, the application may never make any changes on your behalf.
When does a GitHub App act on your behalf?
The situations in which a GitHub App acts on your behalf vary according to the purpose of the GitHub App and the context in which it is being used.
For example, an integrated development environment (IDE) may use a GitHub App to interact on your behalf in order to push changes you have authored through the IDE back to repositories on GitHub. The GitHub App will achieve this through a user-to-server request.
When a GitHub App acts on your behalf in this way, this is identified on GitHub via a special icon that shows a small avatar for the GitHub App overlaid onto your own avatar, similar to the one shown below.
To what extent can a GitHub App know which resources you can access and act on your behalf?
The extent to which a GitHub App can know which resources you can access and act on your behalf, after you have authorized it, is limited by:
- The organizations or repositories on which the app is installed
- The permissions the app has requested
- Your access to GitHub resources
Let's use an example to explain this.
GitHub user Alice logs into a third-party web application, ExampleApp, using their GitHub identity. During this process, Alice authorizes ExampleApp to perform actions on their behalf.
However, the activity ExampleApp is able to perform on Alice's behalf in GitHub is constrained by: the repositories on which ExampleApp is installed, the permissions ExampleApp has requested, and Alice's access to GitHub resources.
This means that, in order for ExampleApp to create an issue on Alice's behalf, in a repository called Repo A, all of the following must be true:
- ExampleApp's GitHub App requests write access to issues.
- A user having admin access for Repo A must have installed ExampleApp's GitHub App on Repo A.
- Alice must have read permission for Repo A. For information about which permissions are required to perform various activities, see "Repository roles for an organization."


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It's a no contest narrative at this point.
Todd please chime in about booger eating Ted Cruz now
TRUMP will win it all
See you on inauguration day bitches
It's a no contest narrative at this point.
Todd please chime in about booger eating Ted Cruz now
TRUMP will win it all
See you on inauguration day bitches
Let's all discuss Ted Cruz being a viable candidate
Hi my name is John kasich
.nice to meet you
According to MSNBC.. Bernie is changing his strat lol
Fucking Lol
Welcome to TRUMP vs Hillary bitches
Saw Kasich do a Town Hall last month. Was actually pretty good. I liked a lot of what he said. Too bad he eats pancakes like a cow chews cud, otherwise he would be a good candidate.
He's not such a bad guy.....rite?? Trump Train
all hail Hydra
Originally Posted by DanDruff:Since I'm a 6'2" Republican with an average-sized nose and a last name which doesn't end with "stein", "man", or "berg", I can hide among the goyim and remain undetected unless I open my mouth about money matters.
Keep plugging kasich ..
hillary clinton is gonna murder trump in the general (and i say this as a lifelong republican).
People make fun of bernie sanders health, rightfully so, but hillary is coughing like she caught the plague.
Trump has already had most of his dirty laundry aired through the media for more then 30 years, everyone heard it and is over it. Once he starts outing her dirty laundry its gonna be over for her.
I wonder what his nick name for her is gonna be?
And is it me or did carly fiorina ask her plastic surgeon to make her look like the faun from pans labyrinth?
Druff had a thousand printed but only he can truthfully use it.
Are you kidding me?
Everyone knows how shady Hillary is, including those in her own party voting for her.
She is still going to kill Trump. Her demons are already out there, as are Trump's, and the polls are speaking loudly.
And this is coming from a guy who really hates Hillary.
July 23rd 4:35am
Southern California. A slightly toasted Mexican expat buys a one way ticket to Philadelphia.
July 25th 12:59pm
As the motorcade enters Philadelphia's Independence Mall, Bill Clinton turned to Hillary and remarked, "You can't say Philly doesn't love you."
A lone figure is spotted in a second story window. The sound of an empty whisky bottle and white Commerce chips hitting the pavement below rings out....
You got outs Tyde.
Shout out to the NSA.
Last edited by Sanlmar; 04-28-2016 at 10:29 PM.
I disagree totally.. First off up until a news blurb earlier today the Real Clear Politics polling avg had Trump cutting into Hillary's lead by 1/3.. A month ago she was up by 11 then it was down to 8. But then this happened today and I'm surprised you didn't hear..
"A new poll found Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump tied in a general election matchup while a quarter of voters reject both candidates.
A new Rasmussen poll found that Clinton and Trump are tied 38-38 with 16 percent of voters saying they will opt for a third party candidate.
Just 2 percent of likely voters remain undecided.
Its a surprise that Trump is doing this well against Clinton, but its even more surprising that hes not down very much among women despite sky high unfavorables among female voters.
Clinton leads Trump by just 6 percent among women while he leads her by the same margin among men.
Clinton leads Trump among voters under 39 and voters over 65, though younger voters are far more likely to say they will vote for a third party. Nearly a quarter of voters 18-39 say they prefer another candidate."
That folks means its Game On for Trump.. If hes basically cut into her lead on many polls and now this poll shows it a tie.. Hillary better start thinking of what shes gonna do next year while Trump is moving into 1600 Pennsylvania Ave.. I might suggest she find a country without an extradition treaty because you better believe Trump is gonna order the DOJ to prosecute her ass.
Polls aren't always accurate as we both know.
Trump had no chance to win the nomination JUST 9 MONTHS AGO if you were looking at the polls last August.
I still remember you saying he had no chance of winning the nomination just this January.
You say hillary's dirty laundry has already been aired, maybe to you, but i keep reading shit about her i never knew. There is a large portion of the U.S. population that didn't give a fuck about politics until now. So while hillary's camp brings up personal shit about trump, he will simply revisit her criminal past. The last female that did what she did, in regard to the email scandal, got electrocuted to death. Yet she might get a pardon because she's in the club of powerful beuracrats. But people aren't that stupid.
Everytime i hear your political chunks on radio it just sounds like recycled right wing establishment talking points, for the most part.
The thing that bothers me the most is how both political parties just nonchalantly admit that the primary votes don't mean anything and no matter what they get to choose the candidate even if he or she has the votes to win their nominations. Not to mention the outright, out in the open in your face theft of votes by the RNC and DNC, or how they can just change the rules a day before the conventions to suit their agenda.
I can think of a few incidents in which companies were sued or prosecuted for false advertising.
These political parties are perpetuating a fraud. And the fraud is that our votes matter, when both political parties have made it clear that they don't. This is textbook racketeering at its best, although its not at it's best because its out in the open.
I thought there was a voting rights act in this country?, im sure some minorities had their voting rights violated in colorado, so where is the outrage?.
Last edited by Mintjewlips; 04-29-2016 at 04:19 AM.
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You've probably read that there is a "war on cash" being waged on various fronts around the world. What exactly does a "war on cash" mean?
It means governments are limiting the use of cash and a variety of official-mouthpiece economists are calling for the outright abolition of cash. Authorities are both restricting the amount of cash that can be withdrawn from banks, and limiting what can be purchased with cash.
These limits are broadly called "capital controls."
Why Now?
Before we get to that, let's distinguish between physical cash — currency and coins in your possession — and digital cash in the bank. The difference is self-evident: cash in hand cannot be confiscated by a "bail-in" (i.e., officially sanctioned theft) in which the government or bank expropriates a percentage of cash deposited in the bank. Cash in hand cannot be chipped away by negative interest rates or fees.
Cash in the bank cannot be withdrawn in a financial emergency that shutters the banks (i.e., a bank holiday).
When pundits suggest cash is "obsolete," they mean physical paper money and coins, not cash in a bank. Cash in the bank is perfectly fine with the government and its well-paid yes-men (paging Mr. Rogoff and Mr. Buiter) because this cash can be expropriated by either "bail-ins" or by negative interest rates.
Inflation and Negative Interest Rates
Mr. Buiter, for example, recently opined that the spot of bother in 2008–09 (the Global Financial Meltdown) could have been avoided if banks had only charged a 6 percent negative interest rate on cash: in effect, taking 6 percent of the depositor's cash to force everyone to spend what cash they might have.
Both cash in hand and cash in the bank are subject to one favored method of expropriation, inflation. Inflation — the single most cherished goal of every central bank — steals purchasing power from physical cash and digital cash alike. Inflation punishes holders of cash and benefits those with debt, as debt becomes cheaper to service.
The beneficial effect of inflation on debt has been in play for decades, so it can't be the cause of governments' recent interest in eliminating physical cash.
So now we return to the question: Why are governments suddenly declaring war on physical cash, the oldest officially issued form of money?
Why They Hate Cash in Hand
The first reason: physical cash has the potential to evade both taxes as well as officially sanctioned theft via bail-ins and negative interest rates. In short, physical cash is extremely difficult for governments to steal.
Some of you may find the word theft harsh or even offensive. But we must differentiate between taxes — which are levied to pay for the state's programs that in principle benefit all citizens — and bail-ins, i.e., the taking of depositors' cash to bail out banks that became insolvent through the actions of the banks' management, not the actions of depositors.
Bail-ins are theft, pure and simple. Since the government enforces the taking, it is officially sanctioned theft, but theft nonetheless.
Negative interest rates are another form of officially sanctioned theft. In a world without the financial repression of zero-interest rates (ZIRP — central banks' most beloved policy), lenders would charge borrowers enough interest to pay depositors for the use of their cash and earn the lender a profit.
If borrowers are paying interest, negative interest rates are theft, pure and simple.
Why are governments suddenly so keen to ban physical cash? The answer appears to be that the banks and government authorities are anticipating bail-ins, steeply negative interest rates and hefty fees on cash, and they want to close any opening regular depositors might have to escape these forms of officially sanctioned theft. The escape mechanism from bail-ins and fees on cash deposits is physical cash, and hence the sudden flurry of calls to eliminate cash as a relic of a bygone age — that is, an age when commoners had some way to safeguard their money from bail-ins and bankers' control.
Forcing Those With Cash To Spend or Gamble Their Cash
Negative interest rates (and fees on cash, which are equivalently punitive to savers) raise another question: why are governments suddenly obsessed with forcing owners of cash to either spend it or gamble it in the financial-market casinos?
The conventional answer voiced by Mr. Buiter is that recession and credit contraction result from households and enterprises hoarding cash instead of spending it. The solution to recession is thus to force all those stingy cash hoarders to spend their money.
There are three enormous flaws in this thinking.
One is that households and businesses have cash to hoard. The reality is the bottom 90 percent of households have less income now than they did fifteen years ago, which means their spending has declined not from hoarding but from declining income.
While corporate America has basked in the glory of sharply rising profits, small business has not prospered in the same fashion. Indeed, by some measures, small business has been in a six-year recession.
The bottom 90 percent has less income and faces higher living expenses, so only the top slice of households has any substantial cash. This top slice may see few safe opportunities to invest their savings, so they choose to keep their savings in cash rather than gamble it in a rigged casino (i.e., the stock market).
The second flaw is that hoarding cash is the only rational, prudent response in an era of financial repression and economic insecurity. What central banks are demanding — that we spend every penny of our earnings rather than save some for investments we control or emergencies — is counter to our best interests.
A War on Cash Is a War on Capital
This leads to the third flaw: capital — which begins its life as savings — is the foundation of capitalism. If you attack savings as a scourge, you are attacking capitalism and upward mobility, for only those who save capital can invest it to build wealth. By attacking cash, the central banks and governments are attacking capital and upward mobility.
Those who already own the majority of productive assets are able to borrow essentially unlimited sums at near-zero interest rates, which they can use to buy more productive assets. Everyone else — the bottom 99.5 percent — is reduced to consumer-serfdom: you are not supposed to accumulate productive capital, you are supposed to spend every penny you earn on interest payments, goods, and services.
This inversion of capitalism dooms an economy to all the ills we are experiencing in abundance: rising income inequality, reduced opportunities for entrepreneurship, rising debt burdens, and a short-term perspective that voids the longer-term planning required to build sustainable productivity and wealth.
Physical Cash: Only $1.36 Trillion
According to the Federal Reserve, total outstanding physical cash amounts to $1.36 trillion.
Given that a substantial amount of this cash is held overseas, physical cash is a tiny part of the domestic economy and the nation's total assets. For context: the US economy is $17.5 trillion, total financial assets of households and nonprofit organizations total $68 trillion, base money is around $4 trillion, and total money (currency in circulation and demand deposits) is over $10 trillion (source).
Given the relatively modest quantity of physical cash, claims that eliminating it will boost the economy ring hollow.
Following the principle of cui bono — to whose benefit? — let's ask: What are the benefits of eliminating physical cash to banks and the government?
Benefits To Banks and the Government of Eliminating Physical Cash
The benefits to banks and governments by eliminating cash are self-evident:
- Every financial transaction can be taxed.
- Every financial transaction can be charged a fee.
- Bank runs are eliminated.
In fractional reserve systems such as ours, banks are only required to hold a fraction of their assets in cash. Thus a bank might only have 1 percent of its assets in cash. If customers fear the bank might be insolvent, they crowd the bank and demand their deposits in physical cash. The bank quickly runs out of physical cash and closes its doors, further fueling a panic.
The federal government began insuring deposits after the Great Depression triggered the collapse of hundreds of banks, and that guarantee limited bank runs, as depositors no longer needed to fear a bank closing would mean their money on deposit was lost.
But since people could conceivably sense a disturbance in the Financial Force and decide to turn digital cash into physical cash as a precaution, eliminating physical cash also eliminates the possibility of bank runs, as there will be no form of cash that isn't controlled by banks.
So, when the dust has settled who ultimately benefits by this war on cash, government and the central banks, pure and simple.
The above originally appeared at Mises.org.


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You are here: Homework Help > Science Zone > Day & Night > Moon Phases |
The Moon can sometimes be seen in the daytime sky and sometimes in the night time sky. The moon rises and sets just like the sun does. The time when the Moon rises and sets depends mostly on its phase. |
The 8 Phases of the MoonThe Moon rises in the East and sets in the West |
New moon (or dark moon)The new moon occurs when the moon and the sun are on the same side of Earth. The moon is between the Sun and the Earth and therefore lost in the glare of the sun. We see the side which is not lit, so the moon appears dark to us. We can't see a New Moon because the lit side is facing directly away from the Earth.
Waxing Crescent Moon
The waxing crescent moon can always be seen soon after sunset low in the West. Although it rises in the East a little after Sunrise, you can't see it because it is too close to the Sun during the day. When the sun sets, and the sky darkens, the moon pops into view in the western sky. The best time to see a waxing crescent moon is on the second and third days after New Moon when the crescent is fatter and brighter, and further from the Sun. ("Waxing" means increasing, or growing larger.) Please note: in this phase, you can sometimes see earthshine on the unilluminated portion of the Moon. Earthshine is caused by sunlight being reflected off the Earth and falling onto the Moon.
Quarter moonThe quarter is when the moon has completed one quarter of an orbit around the Earth, one quarter of a full circle (90 degrees) away from the sun. Half of the moon's surface is visible from Earth and so sometimes this phase is called half moon. First quarter You can tell when the moon is first quarter because the sun lit side is on the right side as shown on the right. (In Australia and other Southern Hemisphere countries it would look like the left side is lit).
Waxing Gibbous MoonA gibbous moon is a very bright moon. A waxing gibbous Moon rises in the East during the afternoon, passes due South in the evening, and sets in the West just before dawn. The word gibbous comes from a root word that means hump-backed. You can see the hump-backed shape of the waxing gibbous moon.
Full moonThe Full Moon is when the Earth is between the sun and the moon. Full moon always comes about two weeks after new moon, when the moon is midway around in its orbit of Earth, as measured from one new moon to the next. A Full Moon is the only moon phase that shines the whole night through. A Full Moon that rises at sunset and sets at sunrise and is visible all night long from moonrise to moonset. It can be seen in the South near midnight.
Waning Gibbous MoonA gibbous moon is a very bright moon. A waning gibbous Moon will rise in the east well after sunset, passing due South in the early dawn hours, and setting in the West sometime after dawn.
Last Quarter moonThe quarter is when the moon has completed one quarter of an orbit around the Earth, one quarter of a full circle (90 degrees) away from the sun. Half of the moon's surface is visible from Earth and so sometimes this phase is called half moon. Last quarter A third or last quarter moon shows the sunlit side of the moon on the left. (This would be on the opposite side for Australia) The last quarter moon rises around midnight and sets around mid-morning. So unless you're a late-owl, you've probably never even seen this moon.
Waning crescent moon
East |
Southeast |
South |
Southwest |
West |
Just before dawn |
Can't be seen |
If you are watching the moon ...Please note that after the full phase, the moon won't rise until after sunset and rises later each night. When it gets too late, get up just after sunrise and watch the moon continue east. When it gets close to crescent phase again, you may need to get up before sunrise to see earth shine again |
Introduction to phases | Tips for Moon watching | ||
Shapes of the Moon | Moon around the world | ||
Time to see each phase | Facts about the Moon | ||
Moon Calendar | Moon animation |
© Copyright - please read All the materials on these pages are free for homework and classroom use only. You may not redistribute, sell or place the content of this page on any other website or blog without written permission from the author Mandy Barrow. |


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Are you thankful for turf? As the holiday season draws near it is the perfect time to remember what we're thankful for. Synthetic turf is perfect for a myriad of uses and the only limit is your imagination. Now is the perfect time to choose Synthetic Turf International® for your next project, so you can embrace a Greener World. Everyday ideas are turned into genuine accomplishments by combining Synthetic Turf International's experience and superior products.
Here are just a few reasons that the products from Synthetic Turf International® will make you thankful:
▪ Require no water
▪ Virtually maintenance-free
▪ Fresh cut appearance
▪ No need for chemicals or fertilizers
▪ Never needs mowing or insecticides
▪ Clean and can be cleaned
▪ ADA/ABA compliant
▪ Safe
▪ Lead Free
▪ Provides excellent drainage
▪ Made from biodegradable and/or recyclable components
▪ Antimicrobial, so it does not support odor-causing bacteria, mold, or mildew


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Built the Best,
Built to Last,
Built Your Way
Since its founding in 1977, Friendship Trap Company has worked closely with lobstermen (and women) to refine the art of trap building. Innovation, quality and service have earned us a reputation for providing traps that are Built the Best, Built to Last, and Built Your Way!
With a staff of seasoned veterans on our production floors, and key leaders with over thirty years experience building traps, you can depend on quality craftsmanship from Friendship Trap. Add to that the many innovations developed here over the years, and you get the best lobster traps in the industy. Our "Rockbottom" line of inshore and offshore lobster traps with built-in, specially-formulated concrete ballast runners have the greatest structural strength available in a lobster trap. They are maintenance-free, and because they require no other ballast, the trap is clean and free of obstructions that might slow you down when hauling. The recent addition of our LiteLoad runners and wedges provide products that are "light on the boat, but a load in the water." Made in Maine, LiteLoad runners have a steel core coated with a rugged polymer. LiteLoad wedges are hot-dipped galvanized, vinyl-coated steel trap ballast blocks, designed for easy installation. Both are built to last long and maximize the weight of the trap on the bottom while being light on deck, making handling traps easier. We at Friendship Trap Company continue to invent and craft new products to insure you have the best equipment to maximize your catch. Customers have told us that they couldn't build a better trap themselves!
You will never find anything but the very best material in a Friendship Trap. The temptation to cut corners to save a buck when making a lobster trap is great, but when you consider the cost of repairs, lost fishing time and early replacement, the lifetime value of quality becomes clear. Additionally, we test many of our components to levels well beyond typical use to ensure they will stand up to the extreme demands of the North Atlantic. You can count on Friendship Trap to deliver the greatest value over the long life of your trap.
The first step in making sure traps are Built Your Way is an understanding of what you actually want. With the industry's only full-time field sales representative, and well-positioned locations both in the Mid-coast and Downeast, we are committed to actually being able to talk to you face-to-face to insure we get it right. Our precision order process insures regular on-going communication between you, sales, production, dispatching, and all the way through delivery to make certain that you get what you want when you want it. Your traps are built in our own factories, not farmed out to other trap builders, resulting in better communication, less variability and fewer opportunities for error. Our service includes delivery from coastal Canada to the mid-Atlantic. We pride ourselves in meeting your special needs, and we love it when a customer comes back with a trap that they purchased 30 years ago from Friendship Trap wanting us to make another set just like it! If getting it Your Way means you want to build it yourself, we will happily provide you with custom-cut wire kits and all of the accessories that you require. Probably the greatest benefit to getting your traps built your way is that it enables you to maximize your catch. Our customers experiencing the most success tend to be those who are seeking to continuously improve their gear. They understand that catching more lobster in each trap far outweighs any incremental cost to get their traps just right. You may put a lot of money into your boat or other gear, but it's when the lobster meets the trap that all of your efforts turn to cash! Friendship Trap specializes in helping you get your traps just the way you want them.
The lobster industry faces a lot of challenges - shifting seasons, whale rope protection rules, increased bait and fuel prices, lobster market issues, and more. Because our livelihood is inseparably linked to the lobstermen, we share those challenges. Therefore, we are committed to providing you with more efficient, maintenance-free lobster traps with the latest innovations to maximize your bang for the buck.
Our customers, the best lobstermen in the world, know how to catch lobsters.
We know how to build the best custom traps they require.
Trust Friendship Trap to make YOUR traps!
Thank you for your Business!


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Special Program
Stand Up & Holler 24-Hour Video Stream
Advancement Toolkit Stand Up & Holler: Gator Nation Giving Day Stand Up & Holler 24-Hour Video Stream
To showcase the very best of the Gator Nation, from the smallest moments to the biggest personalities.
Think about it as a telethon for the 21st century. Over a 24-hour period on Feb. 15 we will stream your best short- and long-format content, punctuated at intervals with cheers, messages of support, challenges and the like, along with running totals, leader boards and messages from social media.
We'll send this stream out on multiple video-streaming platforms, social media and even provide the links to embed on your Website or display on the digital signage in your area.
What we need from you: Your video!
- Existing content of any length! (Native files please, tips on showing and instructions for uploading below)
- New content. This can be anything from an inspiring story you've been dying to tell to a simple shot of a picturesque spot on campus (think https://window-swap.com/)
- Message from your VIGs. This can be your deans and directors, your notable alums and donors.
Encourage your VIGs to record themselves. We're crafting an organic vibe with this effort — everyone pitching in from wherever they are — so, while we would still like to place an emphasis on audio that is clear, video that is well lit and HD files, we don't need to worry so much about more professional standards of production for this. Video shot on a phone or computer is perfectly fine!
Ask them to do the following:
- Take a couple of deep breaths between each take so we have room to edit.
- Do the stand up and holler cheer. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WflfcfbXIC8)
- Share a personal story about their experience with or at UF.
- Talk about why they gave and encourage others to do the same.
- Have fun! Be a cheerleader and encourage other Gators to give.
- Record themselves offering some encouragement around milestones for the day. (We may use these in a mashup with other VIGs.) A few examples, but they should feel free to get creative:
- Great start, Gators! Let's stand up and holler today!
- Half way there, guys! We can do this!!
- C'mon, Gators! We're almost there!
- We did it, Gators! Congratulations!!
- Announce a challenge gift in your area and encourage participation in progress toward your college/ unit goal
More examples of messaging can be found here: https://www.uff.ufl.edu/toolkit/givingday/#points
Remember, have fun, get creative if you want, and make it your own!
2023 2-Bits TV
Contact David Houder, Executive Director of Marketing and Creative Media, UF Advancement – email@example.com


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What is Arm Pain of Spinal Origin?
Arm pain of spinal origin can be described as discomfort or pain felt anywhere in the arm including the wrist, elbow, or shoulder as a result of a pinched nerve (nerve compression) or irritated nerve in the spinal cord. The pain can occur as a dull constant pain or a sudden sharp pain that can develop suddenly or over time. The pain may be confined to one area of the arm or may radiate to other areas of the arm such as the hand, wrist, elbow, or shoulder.
What are the Risk Factors of Arm Pain of Spinal Origin?
In general, men are affected slightly more than women by this condition. Risk factors include:
- Neck trauma
- Spinal nerve injury
- Heavy manual labour
- Operating vibrating equipment
- Driving
- Smoking
What are the Causes of Arm Pain of Spinal Origin?
Most often arm pain from spinal nerve compression occurs due to degenerative changes of the spine from ageing or an injury that causes a bulging or herniated disc.
Degenerative Changes: As spinal vertebral discs age, they become stiffer, dry out, lose water content, lose height, and ultimately bulge out. This causes a collapse of the disc space and loss of disc space height. The body reacts to the collapsed disc by forming more bone called bone spurs around the disc to strengthen it. These bone spurs lead to stiffening of the spine as well as narrowing of the foramen (small openings on each side of the spinal column where the nerve roots exit) leading to compressed or pinched nerves.
Herniated disc: A herniated disc most often occurs with sudden trauma felt with bending, twisting, pulling, or lifting movements. A disc herniates when the nucleus (jelly-like centre) pushes against its annulus (outer ring). When the herniated disc bulges out toward the spinal canal, it exerts pressure on the sensitive nerve root, causing pain and weakness in the area the nerve supplies.
What are the Symptoms of Arm Pain of Spinal Origin?
The pain in most cases originates from a compressed nerve in the neck and travels down the arm area. The pain can be described as sharp or burning in nature. Neck movements such as straining or extending the neck or turning the head may result in pain. Other symptoms may include:
- Weakness in the muscles of the neck, shoulder, arm or hand
- A sensation of "pins and needles" or tingling in the hand or fingers
- Loss of sensation
Diagnosis of Arm Pain of Spinal Origin
To diagnose arm pain of spinal origin, your doctor will discuss your symptoms and perform a physical examination. During the physical exam, your doctor will prompt you to perform certain arm and neck movements to assess for muscle weakness, reflexes, or certain tender points on the neck, shoulder, arm or hand to find out the origin of the pain. Furthermore, imaging tests such as X-rays or MRI scans may be ordered for further details and confirmation of the diagnosis.
Treatment of Arm Pain of Spinal Origin
Treatment for arm pain of spinal origin depends on the severity and cause of the nerve compression. Treatment normally includes both non-surgical and surgical options with non-surgical option being the first line of treatment.
Nonsurgical treatment options include medications such as NSAIDs and oral corticosteroids, physiotherapy, steroid injections, and narcotics in the case of severe pain.
Surgical treatment options will be considered if conservative management fails to alleviate pain symptoms. There are many surgical procedures to treat arm pain of spinal origin. Based on your symptoms and the location of the nerve root involved, your doctor will recommend a suitable spinal decompression surgery, such as:
- Laminotomy or laminectomy: Both procedures include removing a small section of the bony arches of the spinal canal, known as the lamina, which creates more room in the spinal canal, relieving pressure.
- Foraminotomy or foraminectomy: These procedures are conducted to enlarge openings for the nerve roots to exit the spinal cord by removing portions of tissue and bone causing compression.
- discectomy: This procedure includes removing a portion of a disc to mitigate pressure on the nearby nerve roots.
- Corpectomy: This procedure involves removing the body of a vertebra, as well as the discs to decompress the spinal cord and nerves.
- Osteophyte removal: This procedure includes removing bony growths called osteophytes or bone spurs causing irritation of the nerves.
Prevention of Arm Pain of Spinal Origin
Some of the preventive measures that should be followed include:
- Maintaining proper posture
- Quitting smoking
- Maintaining a healthy body weight
- Regular exercise
- Avoiding heavy lifting activities


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Vintage Glass Tray for Decoraive/Vanity/Perfume/Jewelry Trinket Countertop Holder Dresser Cosmetic Organizer Ornatte Bathroom Dish Display
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Color: Trayh
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CLASSIC DESIGN:Truely Glass Display and Luxury Handmade ,Display your everyday essentials,such as hair products, deodorant, facial scrubs, lotions, cleansing towels,brush,eyeliner,lipstick/lipgloss,bronzers,palette and ect
Can be used as bathroom accessories storage,personal organizer for office desk,comestic organizer for vanity,jewelry storage for countertop,clear cases for kitchen supplies,brathroom organization,bedroom dresser and ect
which can be stored Makeup/Jewelry/ Brushes/ Perfumes/Skincare/Foundations,easy storage watches/jewelry/blushes/eye shadows/primers/necklace/earring,bathroom accessories or office /kitchen supplies and ect,all your essentials can be holded,But can be easy store,as this can be used Individually or Stackable as whole set
Totally GORGEOUS gift for the one who appreciates exclusive-looking home decor items - be them for own collection or for gifts to very good friends,it is A practical and decorative retro-styled Organizer to compliment your personal dresser or nightstand
:Hersoo is created by some craftmans,all our products have own patent,Heavy Duty use mirror glass brass metal material,luxury handmade,So the items totally UNIQUE/OUTSTANDING,but heavy and fragile,although we have tried our best packed it well,sometimes damage still happen,hope ur kindly understand.If there any problem happened such as glass damage/missing parts or items wrong,pls just contact with us directly,we will take 100% responsibility for all our problems,and will be always here back assist U!
Package Dimensions: 15.9 x 14.5 x 4.4 inches


text:
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Though he no longer holds an exalted place in the American imagination, Andrew Jackson continues to draw attention. Witness Jon Meacham's Pulitzer Prize-winning biography, American Lion, which chronicled the triumphs and travails of the seventh president's two administrations. No less interesting, if slightly offbeat and irreverent, was the Broadway play Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson, which depicted Old Hickory as a mascara-wearing, "emo punk" rock star and included the tagline, "History just got all sexypants."
Jackson's image has undergone significant transformation since James Parton, a professional writer, penned his three-volume Life of Andrew Jackson on the eve of the Civil War. Parton created a dynamic portrait of the Hero of New Orleans that remains influential today. Rarely is a Jackson biographer able to resist quoting, in some way, Parton's assessment of the Tennessee president:
Andrew Jackson, I am given to understand, was a patriot and a traitor. He was one of the greatest of generals, and wholly ignorant of the art of war. A writer brilliant, elegant, eloquent, without being able to compose a correct sentence, or spell words of four syllables. The first of statesmen, he never devised, he never framed a measure. He was the most candid of men, and was capable of the profoundest dissimulation. A most law-defying, law-obeying citizen. A stickler for discipline, he never hesitated to disobey his superior. A democratic autocrat. An urbane savage. An atrocious saint.
Parton based his interpretation of Jackson and his presidency, which he called "a mistake on the part of the people of the United States," on several caches of private letters held by Jackson family members and close confidantes. Supplementing this voluminous correspondence were extensive personal interviews with men and women close to Jackson, compiled as the biographer traveled across the United States in the late 1850s. During a trip to Nashville in early 1859, he interviewed one of his most interesting subjects, an African-American woman named Hannah. She had been one of Jackson's slaves and now belonged to Andrew Jackson Jr.
During Parton's visit, Hannah gave him a tour of Jackson's Nashville home, The Hermitage, which had fallen into disrepair. Parton recorded in his research notebook that Hannah thought highly of her former owner. He "was more a father to us than a master," Parton recorded her saying, "and many's the time we've wished him back again, to help us out of our troubles." Hannah became "fired up" when she believed that Jackson was being spoken about "disrespectfully."
"We black folks is bound to speak high for old Mawster," she reportedly said. "He was good to us. You know what he was to you, and must speak accordin'. But we is bound to speak high for him."
In addition to being a source for Parton's biography, Hannah was the subject of two other interviews following the Civil War. In these newspaper interviews, one with the Cincinnati Commercial in 1880, the second with the Nashville Daily American in 1894, she covered a number of different subjects: Andrew Jackson's treatment of her and other slaves, Andrew and Rachel Jackson's deaths, and other anecdotes about life at The Hermitage.
Hannah recalled the special treatment that Jackson gave her from the very earliest days of her servitude, which began around 1808. She told one reporter that Jackson received her and her mother as payment for legal services rendered in east Tennessee. On the trip back to Nashville, Hannah remembered being carried "in his arms" and promised a ginger cake if she adjusted his stirrup. She also told the reporter that she "used often to be employed by Gen. Jackson to comb his hair," with the promise of "some trifling present in payment for her services." Because Hannah was "a favorite servant," Jackson allowed Hannah's wedding to Aaron to take place in The Hermitage's dining hall. Hannah was also trusted enough to supervise The Hermitage household for Jackson while he was away in Washington for his second presidential term (1833–1837). Jackson never sold members of her family, Hannah pointed out. "He was mighty good to us all."
One of the most dramatic accounts that Hannah discussed was Jackson's final hours of life. She was present in his bedroom when he died on that Sunday afternoon in June 1845. According to her, some of Jackson's last words were, "I hope to meet you all in Heaven, both black and white." (Other witnesses in the room, including Jackson's doctor, his niece, and his son all recorded those words or a close variation of that sentiment.) One of the newspaper reporters observed that
[o]n the subject of slavery, Aunt Hannah's views are different from those of most of her race. Having had an indulgent master and mistress, she has always insisted that the years spent in slavery were the happiest of her life. To labor for those who were benefactors was no slavery to her.
He (presumably, the reporter was a man) underscored Hannah's satisfaction with her lot in life by including her assessment as she looked ahead to her pending one-hundredth birthday: "Everybody is good to me, both white and colored, and I have no reason to complain."
It was true that Jackson did not divide Hannah from her children, except to bequeath them among the members of his own family. And the records show that as late as March 1860, Hannah was busy with the upkeep of The Hermitage. But with the Civil War came a rupture that casts Hannah's feelings in a rather different light.
In June 1863, Sarah Jackson reported that Hannah had "gone over to the Yankees," having "been very insolent for some time." Rachel Jackson Lawrence, Jackson's granddaughter, announced that Hannah was "making 20 dollars a month" and blamed her abandonment of the Jacksons on "the Yankees." Having emancipated herself, Hannah worked as a midwife and lived with family in Nashville until her death in 1895.
The two newspaper interviews she gave, along with the time spent with James Parton in 1859, constituted Hannah's public reminiscences of her former owner and substantively shaped the memory of Old Hickory, particularly regarding his attitude toward, and treatment of, slaves. The Jackson of her memory was paternalistic, indulgent, and kind, and, while he did not practice racial equality, certainly seemed to believe that whites and blacks were spiritually equal in the eyes of God. But can Hannah's assessment of Jackson and his relationship with his slaves be trusted?
Historians have mostly overlooked the slave experience at The Hermitage. It is possible, however, to outline generally what it was like to live there. Some slaves lived in yard cabins, as close as ninety feet away from the main house. One of those slaves, for example, was a man named Charles, who served as Jackson's personal slave and carriage driver. Other slaves lived much farther away, in quarters close to the fields in which they worked. Like on many Southern plantations, these slaves would have labored at the plantation's main focus: agricultural production, primarily cotton, but also corn, hemp, and tobacco. Additionally, slaves raised livestock and ran the cotton gin and grain mill on the property. One final responsibility was tending to Jackson's stable of racehorses. Jackson had a longtime trainer, an enslaved man named Dinwiddie, who trained Old Hickory's equestrian stock. As an elite Southern planter, Jackson recognized the importance of slave property to his financial security and, when he could, sought to increase the number of slaves he owned. Between 1812 and 1820, Jackson's enslaved population increased from twenty to forty-four. By the time he was president, he owned nearly one hundred slaves; an estate inventory following Jackson's death counted 161 slaves, split between The Hermitage and a Mississippi plantation.
Ignored in Hannah's recollections was the violence visited upon The Hermitage slave community, such as when Jackson ordered runaway male slaves whipped upon capture. In 1804, for example, Jackson placed a newspaper advertisement describing a runaway slave named Tom Gid. He promised "ten dollars extra, for every hundred lashes any person will give him, to the amount of three hundred" if Tom were captured outside of the state. (Tom does not appear to have been captured.) In the case of one repeat offender named Gilbert, running away cost him his life. In August 1827, Jackson's overseer, Ira Walton, determined to whip Gilbert in front of the other slaves to send a message; instead, the slave fought back and ended up dead from a knife wound.
Female slaves were not immune to violence either. In 1815, one of Jackson's nephews informed him that "[y]our wenches as usual commenced open war" against the overseer. This familiar behavior stopped after the slave women were "brought to order by Hickory oil," a reference to being whipped. In 1821, the Jacksons were living in Florida while Andrew served as territorial governor. During one of his absences, Rachel wrote to her husband that her slave, Betty, "has been putting on some airs, and been guilty of a great deal of impudence." Her sin was washing clothes for individuals in the neighborhood without Rachel's "express permission." Jackson instructed several of the men who formed part of their Pensacola household to punish Betty with fifty lashes at "the public whipping post" if she refused to obey his wife. Betty was "capable of being a good & valluable servant," he wrote one of the men, "but to have her so, she must be ruled with the cowhide."
At the same time, the paternalistic Jackson that Hannah described also appeared to exist. When, in 1810, a neighbor, William Purnell, accused Dinwiddie of poisoning one of his horses, Jackson defended his horse trainer. He demanded that Purnell either provide detailed evidence implicating Dinwiddie or prepare to be punished himself. On another occasion, in 1838, relatives accused four of Jackson's male slaves of causing a riot at a holiday party and murdering another slave. Jackson hired a legal team to defend his slaves, arguing "it was a constitutional right, that all men by law [are] presumed to be innocent until guilt was proven."
One should not read too much into these paternalistic examples, however. While it is certainly possible to argue that they represented Jackson's concern for his slaves, what was at stake in both of these instances was not only the slaves' complicity in criminal activity but also Jackson's honor as a Southern gentleman. The question of his slaves' guilt or innocence reflected on his reputation: What kind of master could Jackson be if he was unable to keep his slaves from poisoning other people's horses and starting riots? Jackson's prickliness about his public face, which resulted in several duels and violent assaults, suggests that whatever sympathy he may have had for his accused slaves, what mattered most was protecting his honor.
One of Hannah's memories hints at a possible internal struggle taking place within Jackson, that, if true, must have jeopardized his reputation. She recalled that a white officer "who used to stay for weeks at our house led one of the young colored girls off." When Jackson found out, he "said nothing that I know of," but when Rachel caught wind of the liaisons, she was "mad, mad, MAD [with rising inflection], and she was always mad about it."
This anecdote is particularly intriguing in light of the suggestion by Hannah's descendants that she and Jackson had, at the very least, a sexual, if not a romantic, relationship that produced children. In her "novel based on fact," Unholiest Patrimony: "Great Is the Truth and It Must Prevail," Dorothy Price-Haskins, one of Hannah's descendants, argues that Jackson had a sexual relationship with her ancestor, resulting in the birth of their daughter, Charlotte. She claims that Charlotte documented this relationship in her journal, which, along with other evidence of Jackson's paternity, has remained in family hands because of harassment and threats. If Price-Haskins is right about Andrew Jackson and Hannah, then Rachel Jackson may have been projecting her anger toward her husband onto the male houseguest suspected of fraternizing with the female slave.
Price-Haskins's argument underscores how little attention historians have paid to Jackson's slave ownership. The slaves of Thomas Jefferson, George Washington, even James K. Polk, have all been studied in greater depth than those of Jackson. Why have historians cared so little about Jackson's relationship with his slaves, especially given the claim that he fathered a child with Hannah? One reason—as Jennifer James, a professor of English at George Washington University who is working on a book about Jackson's legacy among African Americans, pointed out in conversation with me—is that there is no DNA evidence available to corroborate the oral tradition of the relationship, as was the case with Jefferson and Sally Hemings, the enslaved woman whom most historians agree bore children for the third president. At the same time, unlike Jefferson's case, no allegations about Jackson's involvement with Hannah (or slave women in general) made during his lifetime have surfaced. This lack of genetic and contemporaneous evidence makes it unlikely that a Jackson-Hannah relationship will ever grab the historical profession's attention, much less that of the public.
Another factor at work is Hannah's image as a non-threatening African-American woman. While photographic evidence demonstrates that she did not physically resemble the stereotypical "Mammy" character common in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century American popular culture, the 1880 and 1894 interviewers describe Hannah as what one scholar has called an "Aunt Jemima" character.
Aunt Jemimas were, writes Donald Bogle in the book Black Beginnings, "blessed with religion . . . [able to] wedge themselves into the dominant white culture. Generally, they are sweet, jolly, and good-tempered." Hannah's two interviews are infused with religious references and indicate her knowledge of, and participation in, the private world of the Jacksons. Terrell even described Hannah as wearing "a 'kerchief turban-fashion," a familiar accoutrement historically associated with "Aunt Jemima."
A closer reading of Parton and the two newspaper interviews, however, reveals an African-American woman who may have proved desirable to someone such as Jackson. Parton described Hannah as looking younger than her approximately sixty years of age and "yellow," implying a mixed racial heritage. Terrell, the 1880 interviewer, made a similar comparison when he called her "a cinnamon-colored mulatto." The unnamed 1894 interviewer alluded to several characteristics that set Hannah apart from the familiar racist Jim Crow-era stereotypes. She possessed "unusual intelligence for a colored woman" who lacked a formal education and "a certain sprightliness of manner, comeliness of features, and much good, sound common sense." Hannah's "honesty and truthfulness have ever been unimpeachable, her unselfishness and benevolence worthy of imitation," in his assessment.
Even if it were somehow provable that Jackson and Hannah were sexually involved, it seems likely that the relationship would simply become another black mark on Jackson's legacy, as Professor James said to me. Unlike Washington or Jefferson, Jackson no longer resides in the American pantheon of great presidents. He was not the author of the Declaration of Independence or the "Father of Our Country." Instead, like some of Jackson's contemporaries, many Americans today seem to believe that he was a tyrant who disgraced the executive office with his uncouthness, destroyed the national bank (and, with it, the nation's economy), and attempted to wipe out several Native American groups. With that kind of reputation, it perhaps does not seem that significant if he had a relationship or produced a child with a slave woman.
For decades, biographers knowingly or unknowingly relied on Hannah's memory of Jackson to understand him as a slave owner. For example, in his 1860s biography, Parton referred to Jackson as "the most indulgent, patient, and generous of masters," whose slaves "loved him, and revere his memory." (The present tense of "revere" suggests that he may have had the descriptions that Hannah gave him during his 1859 visit specifically in mind while writing this assessment.) Marquis James's Pulitzer Prize-wining Life of Andrew Jackson (1938) called Old Hickory the "ideal slave-owner" who shared a "genuine and reciprocal attachment" with his slaves. Even Robert V. Remini, who was widely regarded as the preeminent Jackson-era historian prior to his death in 2013, fell victim to perpetuating Hannah's image. While he admitted that Jackson "could be exceedingly cruel, if not barbaric," he also argued, without supporting evidence, that Jackson's "abominable disposition toward recalcitrant slaves had softened" by the time of his second presidential term. Remini also suggested that the demise of Jackson's slaves "genuinely disturbed him—and not on account of the financial loss." Recently, biographers such as Hendrik Booraem, Andrew Burstein, and Jon Meacham have taken a more realistic view of Jackson that recognizes his desire to own slaves in order to maintain social status and remain wealthy.
For a number of decades, Hannah's memory also influenced public perceptions of Jackson at his home in Nashville. When I worked as an interpreter at The Hermitage during the summer of 1995, an older docent overheard me giving a tour in which I referred to Jackson's slaves. She pulled me aside and instructed me to call the slaves "servants," because that is what "the General" would have called them. In recalling that conversation recently, I was struck by its irony: At the very same time that I was being told to ignore slavery's reality at Jackson's home, The Hermitage was the site of an extended archaeological project focusing on uncovering slaves' lives. Reflecting on her role in that project, anthropologist Whitney Battle-Baptiste noted that the local African-American community had long viewed The Hermitage as "a segregated place," in large part because of "the continued invisibility ascribed to the descendants of enslaved Africans at the museum."
That invisibility no longer exists. In 2005, The Hermitage created an exhibit on the plantation's enslaved people that continues to be displayed in the visitor center and may be expanded in the future. Guests cannot miss reading the biographies of several slaves, including Hannah, as they walk the hallway leading to the museum. In the several times that I have visited The Hermitage since 2008, it is clear from listening to the audio recordings that guests can use on the tour, and from interacting with the docents, that serious attention is being given to help the public understand the centrality of slave labor to the home and lifestyle that they are encountering. Hannah, then, is still influencing the ways in which Americans think about Jackson, but in a very different way than before.
*On April 13, 2015, this article was updated to credit Jennifer James's contributions to the author's thinking about why historians have not been more interested in reports that Hannah had a sexual relationship with Jackson, and to credit Donald Bogle as the source of a quotation that, because of an editorial error, had been omitted from the published version.


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Last Updated: Jul 22, 2024
Life never stands still. It evolves, changes direction, and leads to new possibilities. That means your approach to financial security cannot be static, because as your life changes, so do your needs and goals. Working together, we can help you identify your financial goals and objectives to help you prepare for the future and help protect you if life takes an unexpected turn. Keeping pace with life's changes is important. Let me help you achieve a secure financial future. My MissionAs a Northwestern Mutual Representative, in all situations I will make those recommendations which I would do for myself and my family if faced with a similar situation. By matching your needs with innovative solutions utilizing world-class insurance services, I will do my best to help you protect and provide for those people you care about most. I will work hard to build a relationship with you based on trust and integrity, always striving to provide you with the same level of ethical service that I would expect for myself. The Northwestern Mutual DifferenceBacked by the strength of Northwestern Mutual, my team and I provide you with a balanced approach to achieving your goal of financial security, assuring that your intentions have been understood and your needs are being addressed. And when it comes to implementing solutions, the full capabilities of Northwestern Mutual are leveraged to provide you with exclusive access to a comprehensive variety of products and services. |


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Athens' Own Winter Newsletter
December 2012
In this issue:
- Wellworks holiday gathering
- Website and Web store
- New Products
- Other updates
- Intern news
WellWorks Holiday Gathering
Athens' Own attended the annual WellWorks Holiday Gathering on December 18, 2012. This was Athens' Own's 5th year attending this event. Constantine and Alyse were present to hand out samples of Cheese, Beef, Cashews, Coffee, and Jalapenos. The cheese was a crowd favorite!
As usual, Athens' Own did not provide disposable cups for coffee samples. When we are asked why not, we explain that our company aims to reduce our carbon footprint, reduce waste production, and prioritize reusable resources. Constantine helped rally others to the cause by explaining that we are in the middle of the zombie apocalypse, and there are no disposable cups left. So if you want coffee, you should carry a cup with you! Nearly everyone who we discussed this idea with was interested and proud of our efforts to be more environmentally-friendly with our business practices. This also opens up a future opportunity for educational materials and/or signs, explaining this idea for anyone interested.
An eye-catching display of products and Alyse's efforts at artistic design made our table "the best it has ever looked", according to Constantine, a sentiment echoed by many of the evening's guests. We handed out nearly all of our flyers and brochures, and engaged many guests in discussion about the company, our products, and our practices. With a two-person staff this year, we were able to take turns visiting the other tables, saying hello to our friends and colleagues, and sampling other business's goodies.
Athens' Own will be evaluating the ongoing success of this event by monitoring our website traffic, online store orders, and public dialogue throughout the next few weeks and onward. We hope to continue our involvement with the holiday gathering in future years. We'd like to extend our sincere gratitude to WellWorks for inviting us to participate and for putting on such a great event!
Website and Web Store!
Athens' Own officially launched our re-vamped website this month, including an all-new online shop. Using WordPress software, our new site includes information pages, community forums, blogs, polls, and newsletters. More updates to come include profile pages for our team members, multimedia pieces, interactive presentations, and videos.
The online store, powered by the Woocommerce plugin, currently has all Athens' Own products available for sale. Customers can pay via paypal, credit/debit cards, or check, and we can ship to all 50 states, with the possibility of international shipping in the future. We have already received a few online orders, and we hope with added advertising, that volume will increase quickly. This new venture also opens up many possible future opportunities for interns, employees, and volunteers.
Visit the store here: www.athensown.biz/store
New Products:
- Ohio Honey From: Gillogly Orchard", and Washington County
– Now for sale at Seaman's in Athens, and through Athens' Own at the Broadwell Hill Learning Center.
– Bulk quantities available, contact firstname.lastname@example.com for more information.
– Tasting notes coming soon!
Other updates-
- Dancing Tree distillery (Visit their site Here) has recently released their Coffee Liquor, made with our own Dawn Chorus Coffee! This local business is focused on the community food network, and we are pleased to be a part of this new product and their business family!
- Miles McFadden has recently returned to the Athens' Own booth at the Farmer's Market, and has been sharing his cooking skills with our patrons. Along with our usual Dawn Chorus Coffee, Cheesy Grits, and Steel Cut Oatmeal, we have been serving Miles' hamburgers with Ohio potato chips (from Shearers), and Frog Ranch pickles. Our friend Patricia at Adam's Rib has been working with us to make cooked greens, which are a delicious addition to our famous grits. Thanks to Patricia and Miles for their cooking expertise and great additions to Athens' Own!
- Kaitlyn Bernaur, a long-time friend and contributer to Athens' Own and the Broadwell Hill Community, recently gave our products their first ever professional photo shoot. Kaitlyn's photos will be appearing soon as our featured product photos on the new website and store. Thanks again to Kaitlyn for her passion, talent, and outstanding dedication to Athens' Own!
Intern news:
Athens' Own intern Mathew Roberts returned this semester to continue his work with us. Mathew has been spending his time both doing hands-on learning and at-distance writing for various audiences. Some hands-on learning this semsester included packaging coffee and cashews, picking up grain from Jackie O's, and making deliveries to various Athens' Own Partners. Mathew's writing this semester included a published profile piece in Ohio University's College Green magazine about Constantine and Athens' Own, as well as several strategic communications documents and team reports for Athens' Own internal use. We are glad to have Mathew as a member of our team, and are looking forward to continuing to supplement and enhance his education through internship learning opportunities.
In other intern news, we are hoping to increase intern involvement with Athens' Own throughout spring semester. We have been advertising via flyers and online postings, and welcome all interested applicants. Please check out our intern site (www.interns.athensown.net) or send an email to email@example.com for more information.
Thanks for reading! Merry Christmas and Happy New Year from the Athens' Own Team!
This newsletter was written and published on December 19.2012, by Alyse Carter, Athens' Own Liaison/Public Information Officer.


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I was a big gamer back in high school and wanted to make my own games but had no idea how. It was hard to learn game dev back then, because the internet was terrible. I found my saving grace at a local Barnes and Noble in the form of a book by Andre' Lamothe called Teach Yourself Game Programming in 21 Days. To be honest, it took longer than 21 days (probably closer to 21 years) but I was able to start making my own games. They were completely terrible, but it was fun. It was then that I realized that I liked making games more than playing games.
After that I got a degree in computer science and got a job at Boeing working on flight simulators. I started making iPhone games around 2009 and after having some success on the app store I was able to quit my day job and focus on game dev full time. That's about when I started this Jundroo thing.


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Small, mid-size, or large, we're in the business of protecting your business.
There are many factors to consider when taking the steps to insure your business. What if a product is lost or damaged? What if your product causes harm to a consumer? What if someone gets hurt on the job? Do you have a company car?
Owning a business comes with a lot of risk, which is why business insurance exists. You can opt for a variety of general and specific policies to give you as much coverage as you need in areas like liability, employment, and damage costs, depending on what your company does.
As a business owner, you take risks, make investments, and employ others to work for you and help your company grow. These steps are exciting, but they can set you up for major loss when accidents happen. It is important to protect yourself, your finances, and your employees in the event that something goes wrong.
When you purchase business insurance through our providers, you can opt for coverage in the following areas:
covers your business for injuries caused by neglect. Especially suited for licensed professionals like accountants, attorneys, insurance agents, architects, engineers, and technology companies.
covers employment related liabilities other than on-the-job injuries such as legal fees and damages for suits like wrongful termination, discrimination, sexual harassment, and other violations against employee rights.
covers directors and officers of a company for any negligent acts or omissions that result in lawsuits against the company.
Ready to protect your business and take the next step with confidence? Talk to one of our Norfolk, VA based agents today to get started on your policy.
Talk To An AgentOr call our Norfolk, VA office for immediate assistance.


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Sage Leaf Earrings
Free Shipping to Malaysia & Singapore
Estimated Delivery (Malaysia & Singapore) : Get withinJul 20 - Jul 24
We Ship Worldwide (More Info)
- Brass
- 14K gold plated
- 925 silver post
- Cubic zirconia
925 silver post for sensitive ear. Sterling silver posts are naturally soft due to the high silver content (just bend 'em back into shape if they get out of whack)
Length: 3 cm
Width: 1 cm
Our pieces are handcrafted costume jewelry, designed to last with love and care. Here are tips on how to look after your jewelry:
- Avoid contact with water, cosmetics and chemicals (e.g. hair spray, perfume' lotions' household cleansers)
- Do not place in damp conditions and avoid wearing in the shower, pool, or sea
- Remove when exercising or during activities which may cause sweating
- Store in a cool dry place. Our original boxes (included with each order) make the perfect storage spaces for your jewelry. If you no longer have the box, a zip-lock bag is a great alternative
Free Shipping | Countries |
order above RM 100 MYR | Malaysia (West) - WM |
order above RM 140 MYR | Malaysia (East) - EM |
order above RM 250 MYR | Singapore |
*Please note that this minimum spend is only applicable after discounts and vouchers have been applied.*
Countries | Delivery Time | Rates |
West Malaysia (WM) | 1-3 days | RM 7 MYR |
East Malaysia (EM) | 3-5 days | RM 15 MYR |
Singapore |
4-6 days | RM 30 MYR |
Taiwan | 4-6 days | RM 60 MYR |
Thailand | 4-6 days | RM 65 MYR |
Philippines | 4-6 days | RM 69 MYR |
Hong Kong | 4-6 days | RM 70 MYR |
Canada | 4-6 days | RM 85 MYR |
Brunei | 4-6 days | RM 85 MYR |
Belgium | 4-6 days | RM 88 MYR |
Austria | 4-6 days | RM 88 MYR |
France | 4-6 days | RM 88 MYR |
Ireland | 4-6 days | RM 97 MYR |
New Zealand | 4-6 days | RM 88 MYR |
Norway | 4-6 days | RM 88 MYR |
Denmark | 4-6 days | RM 88 MYR |
Switzerland | 4-6 days | RM 88 MYR |
Australia | 4-6 days | RM 90 MYR |
China | 4-6 days |
Bangladesh | 4-6 days | RM 96 MYR |
Germany | 4-6 days | RM 98 MYR |
United States | 4-6 days | RM 98 MYR |
United Kingdom | 4-6 days | RM 98 MYR |
Macao | 4-6 days | RM 85 MYR |
Vietnam | 4-6 days | RM 105 MYR |
Italy | 4-6 days | RM 130 MYR |
Netherlands | 4-6 days | RM 130 MYR |
Japan | 4-6 days | RM 135 MYR |
South Korea | 4-6 days | RM 135 MYR |
Portugal | 4-6 days | RM 150 MYR |
United Arab Emirates | 4-6 days | RM 150 MYR |
Jordan | 4-6 days | RM 210 MYR |
Saudi Arabia | 4-6 days | RM 210 MYR |
South Africa | 5-7 days | RM 250 MYR |
Brazil | 5-7 days | RM 250 MYR |
Please allow 1-2 business days ( not include weekend and public holiday ) for us to process and dispatch your order. PLENTY Team pledge to dispatch every order immediately. For holiday season, Christmas, New Year, Valentine's Day Etc. We will take more time to fulfil the parcel and we will try our best to ship out asap.
• Deliveries will be made from Monday to Friday (except Weekend and Public Holidays). Please note that delivery times commence from the date of dispatch. The day as we mention above, is the business day (not include weekend and public holiday).
• Kindly ensure your shipping address is accurate, as we don't allow amendments after your order number is generated.
• Our courier service providers are Fedex, DHL eCommerce, Pos Laju, Pgeon, or etc.
• We are unable to deliver to P.O. Box addresses. For university/college campus addresses, your orders can only be delivered to the administration office or mail room.
• If your parcel is returned to us due to being undeliverable, you will be contacted for an alternative postage address. We will resend the package to this new address but you are required to pay the extra delivery charge for re-postage. We can only repost orders once. If you decide to cancel your order after it has been returned to us we will not be able to refund the shipping costs & refund of cash or payment to your original payment method (i.e. Online Banking, Credit Card, Paypal) will require a handling & processing fee, which will be deducted from the amount to be refunded to you.
*Customs Duties, Value Added Surcharges and other relevant government charges and taxes are not included in shipping rates.
*Unfortunately, we cannot be responsible for any delays caused by destination customs clearance processes. We are here to ensure that your goods get to you as quickly as possible.
If you have any inquiry, please feel free to email us at email@example.com
A personalised item is any piece of jewelry that we have engraved especially for you. For example: the Personalised collection, which can be personalised with laser-engraved text. To get started, click the 'Personalize' button.
What you decide to get engraved on your jewelry is entirely up to you, as long as it's within the character limit. *We are unable to engrave any language other than letters, numbers, spaces and these symbols: # + = . & ♡ ∞ ☆.*
Common engravings are: significant dates, name and initial.
*Live product customizations are for visual reference only and are not a perfect representation of the final product. Our experts will ensure the proper size and placement of your message. All copy will automatically be printed centered and will not be adjusted left or right. As each piece is individually engraved, please note that there might be slight variances in appearance across each individual engraved piece.*
We are unable to process any engraving request containing profanities or inappropriate language. Where possible, we will contact you to seek an alternative engraving.
We need a little more time to create your amazing, personalized piece. Please allow an additional 1-3 business days processing time for personalized jewelry orders.(excluding weekends).
Orders that have both a personalized and non-personalized item will be placed on hold and despatched together when your personalized jewelry is ready.
Please note that any engraved pieces are non-returnable and non-refundable (unless faulty). Please ensure you have entered in your preferred text accurately before placing your order.


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Oxidation is a chemical reaction where atmospheric oxygen in the air surrounding food and drinks attacks the product. The attack can take place at or below ambient temperatures (i.e. during normal storage of beverages, oils, fruit & vegetables or finished food products). It can also occur at elevated temperatures, such as during processing or deep-fat frying.
Help from Linde
We deliver food-grade nitrogen and other inert gases to avoid or minimize the effects of oxidation. Nitrogen is used, for example, to keep oxygen levels in and around the product low. An inert atmosphere stabilizes the product and increases shelf life.
Blanketing is one of the 3 main inerting applications to combat the oxidation challenge.
The air in the empty or headspace around a product can contain moisture and oxygen. But you can replace this air with high-purity nitrogen, which is completely dry and inert – so it does not react with the product. This is a safe and reliable way to protect food from degradation as a result of oxidation.
We also deliver high-precision valve control systems to fill or empty food tanks or containers. These valves automatically adjust the nitrogen content to maintain a constant protective blanket.
Nitrogen blanketing is ideal for tanks holding process and finished oils.


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Palette No. 5: White, turmeric, fluorescent tangerine, fluorescent orange, orange, burnt orange, and caramel.
11" x 14" - $95.00
24" x 30" - $150.00
Fine Art Giclée
11" x 14" - $225.00
24" x 30" - $825.00* (*Shipping Included)
Fine Art Giclée
Turn your living space into an art gallery with a beautiful giclée fine art print. Heavyweight, Hahnemühle 100% cotton fine art paper is printed with archival Ultrachrome K3 inks for the ultimate in gallery quality art reproduction.
All Sales Are Final.
Shipping and handling will be calculated at checkout. Please allow us 1 to 3 weeks to carefully print your order before shipping it. You will receive a tracking number when your order is fulfilled. Please consult your local officials for Covid19 and customs related questions and delays. We are not responsible for any customs fees, delayed or lost orders. Please note that all mail carriers worldwide have suspended their guaranteed delivery times due to Covid19. Thank you for your patience and support.


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UNGER - Professional cleaning supplies for professional glass and building cleaners
With more than 60 years of experience, UNGER ensures the best quality, efficiency and innovation in the field of cleaning products for professional glass and building cleaning. Through continuous development and innovative cleaning systems, UNGER focuses with its products on integrated solutions that make cleaning fast, effective and particularly user-friendly. In the field of building cleaning and professional glass cleaning, UNGER offers not only cleaning tools and systems, but also other accessories and cleaning tools ranging from dust removal to solar cleaning with pure water.
By developing innovative cleaning systems, UNGER provides highly professional solutions for building cleaners and glass cleaners.
The highly ergonomic cleaning systems from UNGER support you in making your daily work even easier, more thorough and more efficient.
With UNGER cleaning products, professional building cleaners can rely on the best quality and safety in a wide range of applications.
Our customer service always ensures a fast and smooth delivery and takes care of your concerns professionally.
The pure water cleaning enables a chemical-free cleaning of surfaces with high time saving.
read moreFor professional waste disposal, UNGER offers ergonomic products such as grabbers, pickers and waste bins.
read moreIn the field of professional glass cleaning, UNGER offers cleaning solutions for classic glass cleaning, interior cleaning and pure water cleaning.
read moreUNGER offers an ergonomic cleaning system for efficient and healthy cleaning.
read moreUNGER offers a comprehensive range of products for the cleaning of facades.
read moreFor the coating UNGER offers an ergonomic system for efficient and user-friendly working without interruption.
read moreUNGER offers efficient cleaning solutions for the cleaning of photovoltaic systems.
read moreFor the sanitary cleaning sector UNGER offers a cleaning trolley and colour-coded tools.
read more