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Your privacy is important to us. We collect information to provide and deliver better service and customized content to our Users. This Privacy Policy is meant to help you understand how we collect and use your information. We are committed to protecting the privacy of our users and other contacts.
This Privacy Policy applies to all personal data processed by full-time and part-time employees, contractors, and partners doing business on behalf of our website, and business processes conducted by our website.
Specific to this Privacy Policy, we make reference to various business terms to describe our commercial activity. We define such terms as follows:
When you become a User with us, we may collect the following personal data:
We use (and where specified, shares) your personal information for the following purposes:
To provide support or other services We may use your personal information to provide you with support that you have requested. We may also use your personal information to respond directly to your requests for information, including newsletter subscriptions, webinar registrations, to forward your contact information to the appropriate resource for follow-up related to your interests, and other support requests.
To provide information based on your needs and respond to your requests We may use your personal information to provide you with new products, notices of new or enhanced products, product updates or releases, website features, or service developments.
To provide online forums Some services available on our websites permit you to participate in interactive discussions, post comments, opportunities, or other content to a bulletin board or exchange, or otherwise engage in networking activities. Some of these services are moderated; all may be accessed for technical reasons (for example, for improvements or fixes). We do not control the content that users post to these forums or social networks. You should carefully consider whether you wish to submit personal information to these forums or social networks and tailor any content you submit appropriately and in accordance with the relevant terms of use. You should also review any additional terms and conditions that may govern your use of these services, including terms related to sharing your personal information and receiving communications.
To select content, improve quality, and facilitate use of our websites We may use your personal information, including the information gathered as a result of site navigation and electronic protocols and cookies (including third-party cookies), to help create and deliver personalized content, improve website quality, track marketing campaign responsiveness, evaluate page response rates, conduct usability testing, and facilitate your use of our websites (for example, to facilitate navigation and the login process, avoid duplicate data entry, enhance security, and preserve information between sessions).
To communicate with you about a webinar We may communicate with you about a webinar. This may include information about the content, logistics, updates, and additional information related to the webinar.
To engage with third-parties We may share your personal data with third-parties in connection with services that these individuals or entities perform for or with us. These third-parties are restricted from using this data in any way other than to provide services for us or for the collaboration in which they and we are contractually engaged (for example, hosting our database or engaging in data processing on our behalf). These third-parties are carefully selected by us and obligated to keep your data secure.
To get feedback or input from you In order to deliver products and services of the most interest to our audience and Customers, from time to time, we may ask existing advertisers and Users to provide us with input and feedback (for example, through surveys, usability studies, and focus groups).
To Forward to a Friend We use third-party email addresses provided for the "email a friend" feature only for the purpose of sending newsletters, Product Alerts or webinar invitations to a subscriber-specified third-party, and for no other purpose.
When you become a User with this website, your contact information and details will not be shared with anyone other than our business and its Customers. Information you provide when registering for, or participating in, a webinar or downloading a white paper, may be shared with our Customer, the webinar or white paper sponsor. The sponsor may use this information in a manner that is common within their industry, e.g., contacting you with product information or to assess your interest in their products and services. The treatment of such information is subject to the privacy policies of the sponsor. The sponsor may contact you after the white paper download or webinar regarding updates or regarding related products and services. You should contact the sponsor directly if you have any questions about their use of your information.
We will only use your profile information for the purposes described in this Privacy Policy or subsequently authorized by you. If you do not want your information disclosed in this way, you must not register to view supplier content. Users who prefer not to provide data requested for any of our registration processes do not need to register with us. While you can still view some of the content and use some of the services offered by our site without registering, certain products or services may not be available to you. During our website and webinar registration process, we provide to users the option to opt-in or opt-out of receiving our email newsletters, Product Alerts, webinar promotional invitations, or emails from third-parties. Users who opt-in may also remove themselves from our email lists at any time through the edit profile pages or by following the instructions at the end of any email received from our family of products. You can control the information we have about you and how we use it in several ways:
Users may change information at any time and as often as necessary. Users who are experiencing problems with our services, or who have questions about how our services work, please contact us.
Your profile information is password-protected to control access to this information by third-parties. We recommend that you do not divulge your password to anyone. We never ask for passwords in unsolicited phone calls or unsolicited emails. Remember to sign out and close your browser window when you have finished using any of our sites. This will prevent others from accessing your profile information, e.g., instances where you may share a computer with someone else or are using a computer in a public place such as a library or internet café.
To contact us regarding a privacy issue, please contact us. Where applicable, please be sure to include the site, or product so that we may better serve you.
We collect information about the services you use and how you use them (e.g., viewing a technical video, visiting an advertiser's page on our site, or reading an article in the News & Analysis section). This information includes:
Device Information We collect device-specific information (e.g., hardware model, operating system version, unique device identifiers, and mobile network information).
Logging Practices This website automatically records the Internet Protocol (IP) addresses of visitors. The IP address is a unique number assigned to every computer on the internet. Generally, an IP address changes each time you connect to the internet (it is a "dynamic" address). Note, however, that if you have a broadband connection, depending on your individual circumstance, the IP address that we collect may contain information that could be deemed identifiable. This is because, with some broadband connections, your IP address doesn't change (it is "static") and could be associated with your personal computer.
We track pages visited on this website, the amount of time spent on those pages, and the types of searches done on them.
This website also captures and stores information that you transmit. This may include:
Unique Application Numbers Certain services include a unique application number. This number and information about your installation (for example, the operating system type and application version number) may be sent to us.
Local Storage We may collect and store information (including personal information) locally on your device using mechanisms such as browser web storage (including HTML 5) and application data caches.
Cookies and Web Beacons Cookies and web beacons are electronic placeholders that are placed on your device by websites to track your individual movements on that website over time. This website uses both session-based cookies (which last only for the duration of the user's session) and persistent cookies (which remain on your device and provides information about the session you are in and waits for the next time you use that site again).
These cookies and web beacons provide useful information to us, enabling us to recognize repeat users, facilitate the user's access to and use of our sites, allows us to track usage behavior, and to balance the usage of our websites on all our web servers.
Tracking cookies, third-party cookies, and other technologies such as web beacons may be used to process additional information, enable non-core functionalities on this website and enable third-party functions (such as a social media "share" link). We may also include web beacons and other similar technology in promotional email messages to determine whether the messages have been opened.
Third-Party and Co-branded Web Sites Some Third-Party Content made available through other organizations is maintained on the website of the content provider, and not on our site. This means that when you click through to that Third-Party Content, you will be leaving this website. It will be clear to you when this happens, as the look and feel of your web page will change, and the URL will no longer refer to a website owned and operated by us.
Our websites may contain links to other websites. We are not responsible for the privacy practices or the content of such sites. Users should be aware of this when they leave our site and review the privacy statements of each website they visit that collects information. This Privacy Policy applies solely to information collected by us.
Disclosure of Anonymous, Aggregated Information We provide summary reports to our Affiliates, Customers and other third-party suppliers, advertisers, and service providers, based on our analysis of clickstream data. This aggregated information is anonymous and does not disclose any personal data about individual users.
Personal Data about Minors and Children This website does not knowingly collect data from or about children under sixteen (16) years of age without the permission of parent(s)/guardian(s). If we learn that we have collected personal information from a child under age 16, we will delete that information as quickly as possible. If you believe that we might have any information from or about a child under age 16, please contact us.
Collaboration with Authorities We have appointed and mandated a privacy officer who represents the regulatory authorities inside of our organization, and in return represents the organization to regulatory authorities.
The privacy officer will ensure proper communication with the relevant regulatory authority for privacy. The privacy officer will lead investigative action, complaint handling, and data breach notification. The privacy officer will also monitor regulatory changes and consult the regulatory authority where implementation of a regulatory or technological change leads to doubt.
We reserve the right to share your information to respond to duly authorized information requests of governmental authorities or where required by law.
Transfer of Information to Other Countries As a global organization, we engage in a number of international activities. In connection with the management of those activities, we may transfer information to other countries. By submitting your information to us via our websites, or in connection with your interactions with us offline, you consent to such transfers and to the processing of this information in other countries.
Your California Privacy Rights Under California Civil Code Section 1798.83 (also known as S.B. 27), if you are a California resident and your business relationship with us is primarily for personal, family, or household purposes, you may request certain data regarding our disclosure, if any, of personal information to third parties for the third-parties' direct marketing purposes.
Your European Union Privacy Rights Under the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation EU 2016/679) (also known as GDPR), if you are an individual protected by the GDPR you may have certain rights as a data subject. Please note additional information may be requested prior to initiation of a request and that we reserve the right to charge a fee with respect to certain requests. Upon our completion of its review, you will be notified if your request has been granted, denied, or exemptions apply.
Business Transfers If all or part of this website is sold, merged, or otherwise transferred to another entity, the profile information and activity data that you have provided to us may be transferred as part of that transaction.
How Will You Know If Our Privacy Policy Has Changed?
This website, in its sole discretion, reserves the right to update its Privacy Policy from time to time. If we make any material changes we will notify you by email if you have an account, or by means of a notice on this website prior to the change becoming effective. We encourage you to periodically review this page for the latest information on our privacy practices.
Welcome. We provide our services to you, subject to the following Terms of Service ("TOS"), which may be updated by us from time to time without notice to you. You can review the most current version of the TOS at any time here. In addition, when using particular our services, you and us shall be subject to any posted guidelines or rules applicable to such services, which may be posted from time to time. All such guidelines or rules are hereby incorporated by reference into the TOS.
We currently provides users with access to a rich collection of on-line resources, including, various communications tools, software, online forums, shopping services, personalized content and branded programming through its network of properties (the "Service"). Unless explicitly stated otherwise, any new features that augment or enhance the current Service, including the release of new properties, shall be subject to the TOS. You understand and agree that the Service is provided "AS-IS" and that we assume no responsibility for the timeliness, deletion, mis-delivery or failure to store any communications or data unless explicitly stated elsewhere. In order to use the Service, you must obtain access to the World Wide Web, either directly or through devices that access web-based content, and pay any service fees associated with such access. In addition, you must provide all equipment necessary to make such connection to the World Wide Web, including a computer and modem or other access device. You must be at least 18 years of age to access and use our services.
In consideration of your use of the Service, you agree to: (a) provide true, accurate, current and complete information about yourself and your company as prompted by the Service's registration form (such information being the "Registration Data") and (b) maintain and promptly update the Registration Data to keep it true, accurate, current and complete. If you provide any information that is untrue, inaccurate, not current or incomplete, or we have reasonable grounds to suspect that such information is untrue, inaccurate, not current or incomplete, we have the right to suspend or terminate your account and refuse any and all current or future use of the Service (or any portion thereof). We are not liable for any resulting loss of service due to untruthful or incomplete information. We are concerned about the safety and privacy of all its users, particularly minors. For this reason, parents, or the legal guardian of minors who wish to allow their children access to our resources must agree to supervise, and otherwise completely indemnify us of any content the minor may come into contact with during operation of our service. Please remember that the Service is designed to appeal to a mature business audience. Accordingly, as the legal guardian, it is your responsibility to determine whether any of the Services and/or Content (as defined in Section 6 below) are appropriate for your child.
Registration Data and certain other information about you is subject to our Privacy Policy. For more information, please see our full privacy policy.
You will receive a password and account designation upon completing the Service's registration process. You are responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of the password and account, and are fully responsible for all activities that occur under your password or account. You agree to: (a) immediately notify us of any unauthorized use of your password or account or any other breach of security. (b) ensure that you exit from your account at the end of each session. We cannot and will not be liable for any loss or damage arising from your failure to comply with this Section 5. Furthermore we are not responsible for any damages, which may occur to you, your community standing, or your business in the event of a known or unknown person(s) gain unauthorized access to your account.
You understand that all information, data, text, software, music, sound, photographs, graphics, video, messages or other materials ("Content"), whether publicly posted or privately transmitted, are the sole responsibility of the person from which such Content originated. This means that you, and not us, are entirely responsible for all Content that you upload, post, email or otherwise transmit via the Service. We do not always control the Content posted via the Service and, as such, does not guarantee the accuracy, integrity or quality of such Content. You understand that by using the Service, you may be exposed to Content that is offensive, indecent or objectionable. Under no circumstances will we be liable in any way for any Content, including, but not limited to, for any errors or omissions in any Content, or for any loss or damage of any kind incurred as a result of the use of any Content posted, emailed or otherwise transmitted via the Service.
You acknowledge that we do not pre-screen Content, but that we and our designees shall have the right (but not the obligation) in their sole discretion to refuse or move any Content that is available via the Service. Without limiting the foregoing, we and our designees shall have the right to remove any Content that violates the TOS or is otherwise objectionable. You agree that you must evaluate, and bear all risks associated with, the use of any Content, including any reliance on the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of such Content. In this regard, you acknowledge that you may not rely on any Content created by us or submitted to us, including without limitation information in our company and in all parts of the Service. You acknowledge and agree that we may preserve Content and may also disclose Content if required to do so by law or in the good faith belief that such preservation or disclosure is reasonably necessary to: (a) comply with legal process; (b) enforce the TOS; (c) respond to claims that any Content violates the rights of third-parties; (d) protect the rights, property, or personal safety of us, our users and the public. You understand that the technical processing and transmission of the Service, including your Content, may involve (a) transmissions over various networks; and (b) changes to conform and adapt to technical requirements of connecting networks or devices.
Recognizing the global nature of the Internet, you agree to comply with all local rules in your jurisdiction regarding online conduct and acceptable Content. Specifically, you agree to comply with all applicable laws regarding the transmission of technical data exported from or to the United States or the country in which you reside.
You agree to indemnify and hold us, and our subsidiaries, affiliates, officers, agents, co-branders or other partners, and employees, harmless from any claim or demand, including reasonable attorneys' fees, made by any third party due to or arising out of Content you submit, post to or transmit through the Service, your use of the Service, your connection to the Service, your violation of the TOS, or your violation of any rights of another.
You agree not to reproduce, duplicate, copy, sell, resell or exploit for any commercial purposes, any portion of the Service, use of the Service, or access to the Service.
You acknowledge that we may establish general practices and limits concerning use of the Service, including without limitation the maximum number of days that email messages, maximum sizes of images, total number of products, sales history, or other uploaded Content will be retained by the Service, the maximum number of email messages that may be sent from or received by an account on the Service, the maximum size of any email message that may be sent from or received by an account on the Service, the maximum disk space that will be allotted on our servers on your behalf, and the maximum number of times (and the maximum duration for which) you may access the Service in a given period of time. You agree that we have no responsibility or liability for the deletion or failure to store any communications or other Content maintained or transmitted by the Service. You acknowledge that we reserve the right to log off accounts that are inactive for an extended period of time. You further acknowledge that we reserve the right to change these general practices and limits at any time, in its sole discretion, with or without notice.
We reserve the right at any time and from time to time to modify or discontinue, temporarily or permanently, the Service (or any part thereof) with or without notice. You agree that we shall not be liable to you or to any third party for any modification, suspension or discontinuance of the Service.
You agree that we, in our sole discretion, may terminate your password, account (or any part thereof) or use of the Service, and remove and discard any Content within the Service, for any reason, including, without limitation, for lack of use or if we believe that you have violated or acted inconsistently with the letter or spirit of the TOS. We may also in our sole discretion and at any time discontinue providing the Service, or any part thereof, with or without notice. You agree that any termination of your access to the Service under any provision of this TOS may be effected without prior notice, and acknowledge and agree that we may immediately deactivate or delete your account and all related information and files in your account and/or bar any further access to such files or the Service. Further, you agree that we shall not be liable to you or any third-party for any termination of your access to the Service.
Your correspondence or business dealings with, or participation in promotions of, advertisers found on or through the Service, including payment and delivery of related goods or services, and any other terms, conditions, warranties or representations associated with such dealings, are solely between you and such advertiser. You agree that we shall not be responsible or liable for any loss or damage of any sort incurred as the result of any such dealings or as the result of the presence of such advertisers on the Service.
The Service may provide, or third parties may provide, links to other World Wide Web sites or resources. Because we have no control over such sites and resources, you acknowledge and agree that we are not responsible for the availability of such external sites or resources, and does not endorse and is not responsible or liable for any Content, advertising, products, or other materials on or available from such sites or resources. You further acknowledge and agree that we shall not be responsible or liable, directly or indirectly, for any damage or loss caused or alleged to be caused by or in connection with use of or reliance on any such Content, goods or services available on or through any such site or resource.
You acknowledge and agree that the Service and any necessary software used in connection with the Service ("Software") may contain proprietary and confidential information that is protected by applicable intellectual property and other laws. You further acknowledge and agree that Content contained in sponsor advertisements or information presented to you through the Service or advertisers is protected by copyrights, trademarks, service marks, patents or other proprietary rights and laws. Except as expressly authorized by us or advertisers, you agree not to modify, rent, lease, loan, sell, distribute or create derivative works based on the Service or the Software, in whole or in part. We grant you a personal, non-transferable and non-exclusive right and license to use the object code of our Software on a single computer; provided that you do not (and do not allow any third party to) copy, modify, create a derivative work of, reverse engineer, reverse assemble or otherwise attempt to discover any source code, sell, assign, sublicense, grant a security interest in or otherwise transfer any right in the Software. You agree not to modify the Software in any manner or form, or to use modified versions of the Software, including (without limitation) for the purpose of obtaining unauthorized access to the Service. You agree not to access the Service by any means other than through the interface that is provided by us for use in accessing the Service, or by through interfaces which have been appropriately licensed and endorsed by us.
YOU EXPRESSLY UNDERSTAND AND AGREE THAT WE SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, GOODWILL, USE, DATA OR OTHER INTANGIBLE LOSSES (EVEN IF WE HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES), RESULTING FROM: (i) THE USE OR THE INABILITY TO USE THE SERVICE; (ii) THE COST OF PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS AND SERVICES RESULTING FROM ANY GOODS, DATA, INFORMATION OR SERVICES PURCHASED OR OBTAINED OR MESSAGES RECEIVED OR TRANSACTIONS ENTERED INTO THROUGH OR FROM THE SERVICE; (iii) UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS TO OR ALTERATION OF YOUR TRANSMISSIONS OR DATA; (iv) STATEMENTS OR CONDUCT OF ANY THIRD PARTY ON THE SERVICE; OR (v) ANY OTHER MATTER RELATING TO THE SERVICE.
By using our services you represent that the goods or services you promote on our website belong to you, and that such items were obtained legally, through sanctioned reputable channels, and that such goods or services are legal in your jurisdiction, and that you have the authorization by all necessary government or regulatory boards to sell, issue, authorize, or otherwise transfer said goods and services. Furthermore you represent that you will take all necessary measures to insure said goods or services do not reach areas, or individuals who are not allowed to own, handle, or otherwise poses such goods or services. Furthermore you represent you will take reasonable steps to insure that said goods or services do not transit an area where said goods and services are illegal or prohibited, unless explicitly allowed through other applicable laws such as in the case of interstate commerce. And that in the case of dangerous goods, all necessary preparations were made to avoid any accidental release, leakage, discharge, or other action which may expose persons responsible for shipping, transporting, or receiving goods any harm. You further agree to indemnify us, and its subsidiaries, affiliates, officers, agents, co-branders or other partners, and employees, harmless from any claim or demand, including reasonable attorneys' fees, made by any third party due to or arising out of your sale and transportation of goods and or services.
Notices to you may be made via either email or regular mail. The Service may also provide notices of changes to the TOS or other matters by displaying notices or links to notices to you generally on the Service.
Our trademarks are all rights reserved
We respect the intellectual property of others, and we ask our users to do the same. If you believe that your work has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please provide us with the following information:
We are pleased to offer our clients unlimited Web page traffic. To maintain the integrity of our service the following limitations apply:
We will be the sole arbiter as to what constitutes a violation of this provision.
Our test sites are all hosted under our domain name, and using IP addresses assigned to us by the American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN). Some search engines may not distinguish that each site is separate and therefore the actions of one customer, can affect all customers. For this reason we have developed a strict policy regarding Search Engine "Spamming" techniques. Customers are explicitly prohibited from:
The TOS constitute the entire agreement between you and us and govern your use of the Service, superseding any prior agreements between you and us. You also may be subject to additional terms and conditions that may apply when you use affiliate services, third-party content or third-party software. The TOS and the relationship between you and us shall be governed by the laws of the USA without regard to its conflict of law provisions. The failure of us to exercise or enforce any right or provision of the TOS shall not constitute a waiver of such right or provision. If any provision of the TOS is found by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, the parties nevertheless agree that the court should endeavor to give effect to the parties' intentions as reflected in the provision, and the other provisions of the TOS remain in full force and effect. You agree that regardless of any statute or law to the contrary, any claim or cause of action arising out of or related to use of the Service or the TOS must be filed within one (1) week after such claim or cause of action arose or be forever barred.
The section titles in the TOS are for convenience only and have no legal or contractual effect.
Please report any violations of the TOS to us.
Usage of this service constitutes acceptance of our Policy in order to terminate this service.
Under no circumstances shall any court award damages exceeding the actual amount invoiced [if by us], or paid [if by client], plus $1.00.
In the event a dispute arises between two parties that are subject to this Terms of Service, it is hereby agreed that both parties will submit to mediation, and failing an acceptable result, both parties shall submit to binding arbitration. All mediation and arbitration shall be performed within the county our business resides and either party may choose to electronically attend.The mediation and arbitration shall be conducted in accordance with the applicable United States Arbitration and Mediation Rules of Arbitration. The arbitrator's decision shall be final and legally binding and judgment may be entered thereon. Each party shall be responsible for its share of the mediation, and arbitration fees in accordance with the applicable Rules of Arbitration. In the event a party fails to proceed with arbitration, unsuccessfully challenges the arbitrator's award, or fails to comply with the arbitrator's award, the other party is entitled to costs of suit, including a reasonable attorney's fee for having to compel arbitration or defend or enforce the award.


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October 27, 2016 - by Barbara Vonarburg
Astronomers have two theories to explain how gaseous giant planets like Jupiter or Saturn might be born. A bottom-up formation mechanism states that first, a solid core is aggregated of roughly ten times the size of the Earth. «Then, this core is massive enough to attract a significant amount of gas and keep it,» explains Judit Szulágyi, post-doctoral fellow at the ETH Zürich and member of the Swiss NCCR PlanetS. The second theory is a top-down formation scenario: Here, the gaseous disk around the young star is so massive that due to self-gravity of the gas-dust, spiral arms form with clumps inside. These clumps collapse via their own gravity directly into a gaseous planet, similarly to how stars form. The first mechanism is called «core-accretion», the second, «disk instability». In both cases, a disk forms around the gas-giants, called the circumplanetary disk, which will serve as a birth-nest for satellites to form.
To find out which mechanism actually takes place, Szulágyi and Lucio Mayer, a professor at the University of Zürich, simulated the scenarios on the Piz Daint supercomputer at the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS) in Lugano. «We pushed our simulations to the limits in terms of the complexity of the physics added to the models,» explains Judit Szulágyi: «And we achieved higher resolution than anybody before.» In their studies published in the «Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society» the researchers found a big difference between the two formation mechanisms: In the disk instability scenario the gas in the planet's vicinity remained very cold, around 50 kelvins, whereas in the core accretion case the circumplanetary disk was heated to several hundreds of kelvins. «The disk instability simulations are the first that can resolve the circumplanetary disk around multiple protoplanets, using tens of millions of resolution elements in the computational domain. We exploited Piz Daint to accelerate the calculations using Graphics Processing Units (GPUs)" adds Mayer.
This huge temperature difference is easily observable. «When astronomers look into new forming planetary systems, just measuring the temperatures in the planet's vicinity will be enough to tell which formation mechanism built the given planet,» explains Judit Szulágyi. A first comparison of the calculated and observed data seems to favour the core accretion theory. Another difference that was expected didn't show up in the computer simulation. Before, astrophysics thought that the circumplanetary disk significantly differs in mass in the two formation scenarios. «We showed that this is not true,» says the PlanetS member.
Luminous shock front detected
Regarding the size of the newborn planet, observations can be misleading, as the astrophysicist found in a second study together with Christoph Mordasini, a professor at the University of Bern. In the core accretion model the researchers had a closer look at the disk around planets with masses three to ten times bigger than Jupiter's. Computer simulations showed that gas falling on the disk from the outside heats up and creates a very luminous shock front on the disk's upper layer. This significantly alters the observational appearance of young, forming planets.
«When we see a luminous spot inside a circumplanetary disk, we cannot be sure whether we see the planet luminosity, or also the surrounding disk luminosity,» says Judit Szulágyi. This may lead to an overestimation of the planet's mass of up to four times. «So perhaps an observed planet has only the same mass as Saturn instead of some Jupiter masses,» concludes the scientist.
In their simulations the astrophysicists mimicked the formation processes by using the basic physical laws such as gravity or the hydrodynamical equations of the gas. Because of the complexity of the physical models the simulations were very time consuming, even on Europe's fastest supercomputer at CSCS: «On the order of nine months running time on hundreds to several thousands of computing cores» estimates Judit Szulágyi: «This means that on one computing core it would have taken longer than my entire lifetime.»
Yet there are challenges ahead. Simulations of disk instability still do not cover a long timescale. It is possible that after the protoplanet has collapsed to the density of Jupiter its disk will heat up more, as in core-accretion. Likewise, the hotter gas found in the core-accretion case would be partially ionized – a favourable environment for effects of magnetic fields and completely neglected so far. Running even more expensive simulations with a richer description of the physics will be the next step.
J. Szulagyi; L. Mayer; T. Quinn: Circumplanetary disks around young giant planets: a comparison between core-accretion and disk instability, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2016; doi: 10.1093/mnras/stw2617
J. Szulagyi; C. Mordasini: Thermodynamics of Giant Planet Formation: Shocking Hot Surfaces on Circumplanetary Disks, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 2016; doi: 10.1093/mnrasl/slw212

subset: commoncrawl


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CLAY Solid Pashmina
OMVAI presents to you the premium quality of authentic Solid Pashminas collection where every single piece comes from the craftsmen of Kashmir. These shawls are woven using fine cashmere and are crafted with utmost finesse and are super soft. It is warm, cozy and feathery light.
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They have a long life and can be draped in various styles.
Size - 75 x 200 cms
Fabric - 100% Wool
Color - Clay
Washing Instructions - Dry Clean Only
100% Cashmere Wool
Woven on Traditional Looms
Ethical and Sustainable
Hand crafted in 40 days


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Wednesday, March 1, 2006
Question of the Day
How is the commandment, "You shall not kill," at the heart of the Covenant between God and His chosen people?
It is at the heart of the covenant because it expresses the core of God's authority over the human race. Human life is a direct gift of the Creator, since at every conception He must immediately create the immortal soul. Once the fifth commandment is disobeyed, no other moral commandment of God has any validity. That is why abortion undermines the whole moral foundation of human civilization.
Taken from the Catechism on The Gospel of Life by Father John A. Hardon, S.J.
1 comments:
Kevin Whiteman
Actually, "Thou shalt not kill" is more correctly translated to "Thou shalt not MURDER".
The anti-death penalty crowd often mistranslates that particular Commandment.
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- Triumph - The Power and the Glory of the Catholic Church, a 2000 Year History by H.W. Crocker, III
- Witness To Hope, The Biography of Pope John Paul II by George Weigel
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text:
Backlogs in the furniture industry due to the COVID-19 pandemic have led to a boost in the resale market as people look for ways to get new furnishings, even if they're just new to them.
"Desks, dressers, couches, dining tables, I mean, those are, right now, super-hot, consistently in our top search terms," said Natalie Angelillo, the vice president of community and communications for the resale app OfferUp.
The company recently put out its third annual "Recommerce Report," which found about 23% of people who bought resale last year bought furniture. That's second just behind clothing.
And for many, it's about more than just getting a good deal.
"If you think about what goes into making a brand new couch, let's say, the water and the energy and the waste, there's so many more people who really think about that in their buying decisions now. Even when they're not trying to save money, they're actually trying to improve their footprint," said Angelillo.
That goes for sellers too. It's better for the Earth to sell old furniture and give it new life, rather than sending it to the landfill.
And you can make some cash while you're at it.


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Press Release
December 16, 2008
A new report showing that Muslim women are discriminated against and encounter gross bias when they subject themselves to Sharia adjudications was welcomed today by The One Law for All Campaign, which is supported by a variety of organisations and individuals.
The campaign's spokesperson Maryam Namazie said: 'This research reinforces our own findings that Sharia Councils and Muslim Arbitration Tribunals are discriminatory and unfair. However, the solution to the miscarriages of justice is not the vetting of Imams coming to the UK as the report has recommended but an end to the use and implementation of Sharia law and religious-based tribunals.' She added: 'At present these Sharia-based bodies are growing and appear to have some sort of official backing. But they are leading to gross injustices among women who are often unaware of their rights under Britain's legal system.'
This perspective was reiterated in the One Law for All Campaign's launch on December 10, 2008 in the House of Lords at which Maryam Namazie and campaign supporters Gina Khan, Carla Revere, Ibn Warraq and Keith Porteous Wood spoke; the meeting was chaired by Fariborz Pooya, head of the Iranian Secular Society.
Gina Khan, a secular Muslim, said: 'Under British law we are treated as equal and full human beings. Under the antiquated version of Sharia law that Islamists peddle, we are discriminated against just because of our gender. These Islamists use our plight by meddling in issues like forced marriages, domestic violence and inheritance laws for their own political agenda. To allow them to have any sort of control over the lives of Muslim women in British communities will have dire consequences.' She added: 'Sharia courts must be a pressing concern not just for Muslims but for all those living in Britain. Anyone who believes in universal human rights needs to stand united against the discrimination and oppression visited upon Muslim women.'
Carla Revere, Chairperson of the Lawyers' Secular Society, said: 'Such self-appointed, unregulated tribunals are gaining in strength; they increasingly hold themselves up as courts with as much force as the law of the land, but are not operating with the same controls and safeguards. They appear to be operating in the area of family law and some even in criminal matters, where they have no right to make binding decisions as they claim to do. Even if the decisions were binding, UK courts do not uphold contractual decisions that are contrary to UK law or public policy. We call on the Government and legal establishment to stand up for the vulnerable and tackle this significant and growing problem, rather than ignoring it.'
Writer Ibn Warraq said: 'Sharia does not accord equal rights to Muslim women- in regards to marriage- she is not free to marry a non-Muslim, for instance; in regards to divorce, custody of children, inheritance, the choice of profession, and freedom to travel, or freedom to change her religion. In other words, Great Britain in allowing Sharia courts has contravened the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, and all the other more legally binding United Nations' Covenants on Discrimination and the Rights of Women… Multiculturalism is turning communities against each other, it is fundamentally divisive. We need to get back to the principles of equality before the law, principles that so many people fought so hard to achieve for so long.'
Keith Porteous Wood, Executive Director of the National Secular Society, said: 'Sharia is becoming a growth industry in Britain, putting growing pressure on vulnerable people in the Muslim community to use Sharia councils and tribunals to resolve disputes and family matters, when they could use the civil courts. Sharia law is not arrived at by the democratic process, is not Human Rights compliant, and there is no right of appeal.'
Writer Joan Smith who was unable to speak at the launch sent the following message: 'This campaign is very important because many people in this country – including politicians – have yet to realise the isolation of many Muslims, particularly women, from the wider society. Some of them are already under intolerable pressure from their families, and the principle of one law for everyone is a protection they desperately need. That's why I give this campaign my whole-hearted support.'
To find out more or support the One Law for All Campaign against Sharia Law in Britain visit its website.
You can also listen to Maryam Namazie's debates with Sidiqqi, head of the Muslim Arbitration Tribunal, on BBC 5 Live and with Muslim lawyer Aina Khan on BBC Radio 4 Women's Hour here.
To listen to Gina Khan's speech at the December 10, 2008 One Law for All Campaign against Sharia law in Britain launch, click here.
To listen to Maryam Namazie's speech at the December 10, 2008 One Law for All Campaign against Sharia law in Britain launch, click here.
To listen to Carla Revere's speech at the December 10, 2008 One Law for All Campaign against Sharia law in Britain launch, click here.
To listen to Ibn Warraq's speech at the December 10, 2008 One Law for All Campaign against Sharia law in Britain launch, click here.
To listen to Keith Porteous Wood's speech at the December 10, 2008 One Law for All Campaign against Sharia law in Britain launch, click here.
Some of the signatories to the Campaign
Nazanin Afshin-Jam, Coordinator, Stop Child Executions Campaign, Canada
Mina Ahadi, Spokesperson, Council of Ex-Muslims of Germany; Coordinator, International Committee against Stoning, Köln, Germany
Sargul Ahmad, Activist, Women's Liberation in Iraq, Canada
Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Writer, Washington, DC, USA
Mahin Alipour, Coordinator, Equal Rights Now – Organisation against Women's Discrimination in Iran, Stockholm, Sweden
Homa Arjomand, Coordinator, International Campaign against Sharia Courts in Canada, Toronto, Canada
Farideh Arman, Coordinator, International Campaign in Defence of Women's Rights in Iran, Malmo, Sweden
Abdullah Asadi, Executive Director, International Federation of Iranian Refugees, Sweden
Ophelia Benson, Editor, Butterflies and Wheels, USA
Susan Blackmore, Psychologist, UK
Nazanin Borumand, Never Forget Hatun Campaign against Honour Killings, Germany
Roy Brown, Past President, International Humanist and Ethical Union, Geneva, Switzerland
Ed Buckner, President, American Atheists, USA
Marino Busdachin, General Secretary, Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, Netherlands
Center for Inquiry, USA
Council of Ex-Muslims of Britain, UK
Council of Ex-Muslims of Germany, Germany
Council of Ex-Muslims of Scandinavia, Sweden
Caroline Cox, Peer, House of Lords, London, UK
Austin Dacey, Representative to the United Nations, Center for Inquiry-International, USA
Shahla Daneshfar, Central Committee Member, Equal Rights Now – Organisation against Women's Discrimination in Iran, London, UK
Richard Dawkins, Scientist, Oxford, UK
Patty Debonitas, TV Producer, Third Camp against US Militarism and Islamic Terrorism, London, UK
Deeyah, Singer and composer, USA
Nick Doody, Comedian, UK
Sonja Eggerickx, President, International Humanist and Ethical Union, Belgium
Afshin Ellian, Professor, Leiden University Faculty of Law, Leiden, Netherlands
Equal Rights Now – Organisation against Women's Discrimination in Iran, Sweden
European Humanist Federation, Belgium
Tarek Fatah, Author, Chasing a Mirage: The Tragic Illusion of an Islamic State, Toronto, Canada
Caroline Fourest, Writer, France
Tahir Aslam Gora, Writer and journalist, Canada
AC Grayling, Writer and Philosopher, London, UK
Maria Hagberg, Chair, Network against Honour-Related Violence, Gothenburg, Sweden
Johann Hari, Journalist, London, UK
Christopher Hitchens, Author, USA
Farshad Hoseini, Activist, International Campaign against Executions, Netherlands
Khayal Ibrahim, Coordinator, Organization of Women's Liberation in Iraq; Arabic Anchor for Secular TV, Canada
International Committee against Executions, Netherlands
International Committee against Stoning, Germany
International Humanist and Ethical Union, UK
Iranian Secular Society, UK
Shakeb Isaar, Singer, Sweden
Maryam Jamel, Activist, Women's Liberation in Iraq, Canada
Keyvan Javid, Director, New Channel TV, London, UK
Alan Johnson, Editor, Democratiya.com, Lancashire, UK
Mehul Kamdar, Former editor of The Modern Rationalist, USA
Naser Khader, Founder, Association of Democratic Muslims, Denmark
Hope Knutsson, Chair, Sidmennt, Icelandic Ethical Humanist Association, Iceland
Hartmut Krauss, Editor, Hintergrund, Germany
LAIQUES – Région PACA, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
Stephen Law, Editor, Royal Institute of Philosophy journal, London, UK
Shiva Mahbobi, Producer, Against Discrimination TV Programme, London, UK
Houzan Mahmoud, Abroad Representative, Organisation of Women's Freedom in Iraq, London, UK
Doreen Massey, Peer, House of Lords, London, UK
Anthony McIntyre, Writer, Ireland
Caspar Melville, Editor, New Humanist magazine, London, UK
Bahar Milani, Activist, Children First Now, London, UK
Tauriq Moosa, Writer, Capetown, South Africa
Reza Moradi, Producer, Fitna Remade, London, UK
Douglas Murray, Director, Centre for Social Cohesion, London, UK
Taslima Nasrin, Writer and activist
National Secular Society, London, UK
Never Forget Hatun Campaign against Honour Killings, Germany
Samir Noory, Writer; Secular TV Manager, Canada
David Pollock, President, the European Humanist Federation, London, UK
Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan, Pakistan
Fahimeh Sadeghi, Coordinator, International Federation of Iranian Refugees-Vancouver, Vancouver, Canada
Michael Schmidt-Salomon, Chief Executive Officer, Giordano Bruno Foundation, Germany
Udo Schuklenk, Philosophy professor, Queen's University, Canada
Sohaila Sharifi, Editor, Unveiled, London, UK
Issam Shukri, Head, Defense of Secularism and Civil Rights in Iraq; Central Committee Secretary, Left Worker-communist Party of Iraq, Iraq
Bahram Soroush, Founding member, Council of Ex-Muslims of Britain, London, UK
Peter Tatchell, Activist, London, UK
Hamid Taqvaee, Central Committee Secretary, Worker-communist Party of Iran
Union des Familles Laïques – section Arles-Istres, France
Union des Familles Laïques – section Marseille-Aix-en-Provence, France
Afsaneh Vahdat, Coordinator, Council of Ex-Muslims of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
Marvin F. Zayed, President, International Committee to Protect Freethinkers, Ottawa,Canada
For more information, please contact Maryam Namazie, email: email@example.com, telephone: 07719166731; website: onelawforall.org.uk.


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Hi everyone!
I'm ert from dyscalculiaforum.com - the international dyscalculia forum.
A while back our members started to discuss if there should be a dyscalculia awareness day (you know, like World Aids Day), and since everybody liked the idea we have made it official: the first international dyscalculia day is going to be in March 2008 - 03.03.08. That leaves us three months to plan everything. And by "us" we mean everyone who are interested in spreading the word. You don't have to be a member of the international forum to do something on dyscalculia day - it's a day for everyone.
We've made a new subforum to plan the dyscalculia day, and we need you to join the discussion. All of us decide what to do on the day and how we should do it, so come join us!
I've asked Reneé if she would translate this post and add it to the general forum here - if only I spoke Dutch!


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Trier University is a young, dynamic university with a clear focus on training young academics. All departments are active in research and benefit from robust international networks.
Collaboration is particularly strong with university partners in neighbouring France, Belgium and Luxembourg, with research focusing on European history and present-day Europe.Founded in 1473, Trier University was closed under Napoleon's reign in the 18th century and not reopened until 1970.Today, the university staff of approximately 1,500 makes for a good student-teacher ratio for Trier's 14,000 students.Both university campuses can be reached by bus, bicycle or on foot, and all university facilities are located on campus. Lecture halls, laboratories, library, athletic facilities, student housing and other service units are all within easy reach of each other.Campus I and Campus II are both set in a sprawling park landscape dotted with numerous works of modern art, sunning lawns, streams and ponds – the ideal setting to relax and take a break from daily university life. Landscape architects recently named the park one of 100 special places in Germany.


text:
The CDC recently added people with mental illness to the list of those who should be prioritized for COVID-19 vaccines and boosters. NPR's Rhitu Chatterjee explains why psychiatric disorders put people at higher risk of COVID.
RHITU CHATTERJEE, BYLINE: In the early months of the pandemic, psychiatrist Dr. Luming Li wanted to know if having a mental illness increased people's risk of dying from COVID-19.
LUMING LI: For all the studies that I have looked up, you know, it was all medical conditions of, you know, diabetes, heart disease, etc., etc.
CHATTERJEE: But nothing on mental illness - Li is now the chief medical officer at the Harris Center for Mental Health and IDD in Texas. At the time, she was finishing up a master's degree at Yale, so she decided to explore this herself. She and her colleagues dug into data from five hospitals in the Yale New Haven Health System and looked for people who were hospitalized with COVID-19.
LI: What we found was we had a higher level of mortality for those that had a prior psychiatric history.
CHATTERJEE: In fact, she says, the risk of death increased by 50% for those with a mental illness compared to those without. There have been many studies since that have found a similar connection, including one published in October 2020 that looked at a nationwide database of electronic health records with information on people who tested positive for COVID and those who were hospitalized. It found that there are two things going on.
NORA VOLKOW: If individuals have had a history of a mental disorder, they were more likely, on the one hand, to get infected.
CHATTERJEE: Study author Dr. Nora Volkow.
VOLKOW: And if they got infected, then they were more likely to have negative outcomes, such as hospitalization and death.
CHATTERJEE: Volkow directs the National Institute on Drug Abuse. She says mental illnesses change people's behaviors, which can make them less likely to protect themselves from an infection.
VOLKOW: For example, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - that leads you to be much more distracted. You may forget, for example, to use your face mask.
CHATTERJEE: The electronic health records also confirmed something that researchers have known for a long time about people with mental illness, that they tend to have poorer overall health and many chronic health problems like obesity, heart disease, diabetes, diseases that we know also increase risk of serious COVID.
ASHWIN VASAN: People who live with chronic mental illness have shortened life spans up to 25 years compared to the general population.
CHATTERJEE: Dr. Ashwin Vasan is the president and CEO of Fountain House, a mental health nonprofit.
VASAN: They suffer prematurely from chronic illnesses, medical neglect.
CHATTERJEE: Vasan says people with mental illness are among the most isolated in society. And that isolation takes an immense toll on their bodies, putting them at a higher risk of chronic illnesses.
VASAN: Study after study showing that it leads to inflammation, immunologic stress, neurodegenerative decline.
CHATTERJEE: He says there's also a clear overlap between serious mental illness and homelessness and substance abuse.
VASAN: About 40% of our chronically homeless population has serious mental illness and addiction.
CHATTERJEE: Most of the 13 million people with serious mental illness in the U.S., he says, are on Medicaid, but 40% have no access to care at all.
VASAN: This is a systematically marginalized, sicker population that has less access to care and supports.
CHATTERJEE: Vasan and other mental health experts are glad to see the CDC finally prioritizing people with mental illness for COVID-19 vaccination, something they say should have happened a long time ago.
Rhitu Chatterjee, NPR News.
(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC) Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


text:
Our shop produces top-quality workmanship while dealing with high volumes and a wide range of services.
Key Responsibilities
•Perform all aspects of watch service on quartz and mechanical watches, including: battery and gasket replacement, overhauls, movement replacement, refinishing, bracelet adjustments, and replacement of parts such as crystals, stems, crowns, etc.
•Familiarity with most brands of watches
•Perform water resistance services
•Wash and steam clean watch cases and bracelets
•Diagnose and correct problems
•Answer questions from sales associates
•Complete repairs on time and according to the highest quality standards
•Ability to work in a fast-pace environment
•Maintain clean and organized work area
•Operate and maintain all watch equipment
•Exceptional attention to detail
•Ability to work independently
•Goal-oriented – striving to complete all work before the due date
•Willingness to further education through training
•Friendly, trustworthy, and reliable
•Tactful and patient with customers, service staff and management
•Neat appearance
•Good oral and written comprehension of the English language
•Authorized to work in the United States
Watch Doctor, Inc. is a small family business specializing in watch repair. Our company serves retail and wholesale clients.


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10 Things You Didn't Know About The 2021 Maserati Quattroporte
Maserati Quattroporte is a luxury-oriented vehicle. According to Wikipedia, it's the sixth generation of the vehicle. It's going to be launched pretty soon. In this article, we are going to talk about 10 things about this luxury car. Read on.
1. Body Type
It's a four-door, full-size luxury sedan. The name Quattroporte itself refers to four doors in Italian. There is not news that the body type will be any different from the predecessors.
2. The Exterior
The exterior of this vehicle won't be much different from the previous version. However, it may have some minor upgrades. The front and rear may have a little bit buffed up look.
3. The Interior
The interior is impressive and justifies the claim of Maserati that the vehicle will offer the maximum level of comfort. The cabin offers plenty of space for passengers and luggage. It can easily accommodate 5 passengers.
Other common features include premium carbon fiber and perforated leather. Besides, it comes with power front seats and a heated steering wheel.
4. Powertrain
According to rumors, the front-engine layout may feature a powertrain of four-wheel or rear-wheel drive.
5. The Engine
Rumors have it that the new version may sport a 4-liter engine unlike the 3.8-liter one in the predecessors. According to some reports, the engine will be made by Ferrari.
6. Performance
As far as performance is concerned, the engine will produce 582 horsepower. This will allow a top speed of 320km/h and the car will go from 0 to 100 in 3 to 4 seconds.
7. Competitors
The 2021 Quattro will compete with other top luxury brands, such as the Mercedes Benz S-Class, BMW 7 series, and the Lexus LS. Since Maserati is known for its versatility, it is still on top of the list.
8. Available Trims
The new vehicle may come with the GranLusso and GranSport trims just like the previous version. Basically, the GranLusso is a kind of laid back trim similar to an executive car. On the other hand, the rest of the trim offers the element of sportiness.
9. Driver-Assisted Features and Fuel Economy
The 2021 version may allow you to travel 20 miles in one gallon in the city and 25 miles per gallon on the highway. Besides, it offers a lot of driver-assisted and safety features so that you could enjoy an excellent ride.
For instance, it has the Maserati Stability Program for better stability as well as a grip while you are on the road. And then there is the Integrated Vehicle Control that allows you to control the torque.
10. Pricing and Release Date
The production was started around the second half of 2020. Due to the ongoing pandemic, the vehicle may take a while to launch. Whenever it comes out, rumors tell us that the price tag will be higher than $100,000.
So, this is the description of 10 things that you may want to know about The 2021 Maserati Quattroporte.