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The first portion of this book offers concise, readable explanations of the major parts of the CFA Program curriculum by Schweser's team of expert authors. The second portion gives you essential exam strategies and guidance on how to pass the exam, including:
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The key to being a good change agent is flexibility.
You must be able to handle the ever-changing consumer and help your employees navigate their way through change. The way to keep up with things that are happening around you is to adapt to the situation.
Suppose your sales team has always used the "Best, Better, and Good" model when presenting HVAC equipment. Until recently, they have constantly produced high closing rates and high average tickets. Lately their closing percentage and average ticket has declined — perhaps it's time for a change!
You can help the salesperson become productive again by altering the sales presentation. Maybe offering "Best, Better, Good, and Basic" is the right approach. The point is to properly read the situation.
Getting your salespeople and technicians to make the correct call in the customer's home is what sets the superstar companies apart from the rest. They have abandoned the command and control way of leading and empowered their employees to make the call in the customer's home. They train their employees and then trust them to use good judgment in all situations. The manager's attitude transfers to employees and is viewed positively by the consumer — it tells the customer that your company is different from the other HVAC companies.
Insuring all employees are adequately educated and trained is paramount to people changing and performing the way that you want them to. You're more than a boss — you're a coach. Employees will relate better to you, understand the changes needed, and perform their job at a highly skilled level.
Mike Moore is the HVAC Training Director at HVAC Learning Solutions, an HVAC industry expert in sales, technical, and business training. Visit Mike's blog for more insights. Mike can be reached on Twitter @hvaclearning or on Google+ at gplus.to/hvactraining.


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Nikola Tesla – An Inspirational Genius
When I went to school, who was portrayed as the greatest genius of all time? Einstein. Who was the greatest inventor? Thomas Edison. The "education system" and media brainwashing system of the contrived matrix has convinced most people that these are indisputable facts. But are they?
Have you heard of a man called Nicola Tesla? If you said no, you're in good company. I find it very sad that most people have never heard of Tesla.
So who was Nicola Tesla?
Tesla was a Serbian genius who changed the world and whose achievements are unparalleled in the history of applied science. And yet, he is little known and many of his inventions have been hijacked by others. The reasons were political.
Here is a list of some of Tesla's achievements:
1. Alternating current. The electrical system that the whole world works on today was created by Tesla. Tesla discovered that by using alternating current (A/C power), electricity could be transported over long distances with practically zero loss of energy. Thomas Edison's direct current "solution," by contrast, failed miserably and was eventually abandoned due to the fact that it, well… kept burning down buildings!
And yet, Edison became famous while Tesla was reduced to obscurity. As a matter of fact, the historical record shows that when Tesla arrived in the United States as an immigant, Thomas Edison did everything within his power to destroy Tesla's chances of doing business in the United States and opposed him every chance he got.
2. Neon and florescent lights. Tesla not only created those lights, but he made them light up with no wires whatsoever, using energy that he injected into the air.
3. X-rays. In school textbooks, the discovery of the x-rays is attributed to Wilhelm Rontgen. Again, the invention was first made by Tesla, who had X-rayed his own hand before any mention of Rontgen's "discovery."
4. Radio. Tesla generated the first radio transmission. Not long after, the discovery of the radio was attributed to the now much more famous Marconi, who had great connections with the British aristocracy of the time. As it turns out, after Tesla's death, Marconi's "discovery" was overturned by the United States Supreme Court, because Marconi had violated several of Tesla's patents.
5. Remote control. Tesla created the first remote control device. He controlled a small boat by remote control, to the astonishment of everybody who was there to see it.
6. The Tesla coil. This was a device that generated electricity and pumped it into the environment. It could be pumped into clouds, causing rain, or into the ionosphere. This technology was taken out by both the Soviet and United States militaries, and probably other countries as well. Tesla also left the blueprints for a particle beam, and that project has now been realized by several countries.
7. Bio-electricity and biophysics. Tesla showed that it was possible to use vibrations to kill viruses, cancer cells, bacteria and yeast cells through sympathetic vibrations, just as opera singers can break crystal glasses with the vibration of their voices. This idea was later taken up by a scientist named Royal Raymond Rife, who began to use it in a healing capacity.
8. Ozone. Tesla was the first man to create an ozone generator and inject the ozone into olive oil, in order to then use the olive oil for healing by oxygenation.
This is a very basic introduction, and for me it's a labor of love. Tesla's achievements go way beyond the scope of this article, and I hope that you look him up yourself or get some documentaries about this great genius.
I recommend the videos here and here.
The life of Nicola Tesla is yet another example of how history can be manipulated by those in power. It's a story of how a man who changed the world with his discoveries has been left out of the history books, out of the schools and out of the collective consciousness. It's an example of what I call the contrived matrix.
After all, there is no excuse. Tesla is the man who made it possible for us to have electricity in our homes. Tesla wired up entire cities. He transformed the way people live. To top it all off, he did everything he could to teach society how to create cheap and clean energy. Perhaps that's why he was metaphorically buried while he was still alive and died poor, living in a hotel room. He threatened too many economic interests.
Tesla had integrity. His aim was to improve the life of humanity and not his own lot in life.
Nicola Tesla is a true inspiration.
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Title: | IMAP Extension for Object Identifiers | |||||
Date: | September 2018 | |||||
Status: | PROPOSED STANDARD | |||||
Updates: | 3501 | |||||
Draft History: | draft-ietf-extra-imap-objectid | |||||
draft-ietf-extra-imap-objectid-08.txt | diff | 03-Aug-2018 | ||||
draft-ietf-extra-imap-objectid-07.txt | diff | 01-Aug-2018 | ||||
draft-ietf-extra-imap-objectid-06.txt | diff | 20-Jul-2018 | ||||
draft-ietf-extra-imap-objectid-05.txt | diff | 18-Jul-2018 | ||||
draft-ietf-extra-imap-objectid-03.txt | diff | 29-May-2018 | ||||
draft-ietf-extra-imap-objectid-02.txt | diff | 27-May-2018 | ||||
draft-ietf-extra-imap-objectid-01.txt | diff | 24-Apr-2018 | ||||
draft-ietf-extra-imap-objectid-00.txt | diff | 21-Apr-2018 |
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) B. Gondwana, Ed. Request for Comments: 8474 FastMail Updates: 3501 September 2018 Category: Standards Track ISSN: 2070-1721 IMAP Extension for Object Identifiers Abstract This document updates RFC 3501 (IMAP4rev1) with persistent identifiers on mailboxes and messages to allow clients to more efficiently reuse cached data when resources have changed location on the server. Status of This Memo This is an Internet Standards Track document. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8474. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Gondwana Standards Track [Page 1] RFC 8474 IMAP ObjectID September 2018 Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Conventions Used in This Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. CAPABILITY Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4. MAILBOXID Object Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4.1. New Response Code for CREATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.2. New OK Untagged Response for SELECT and EXAMINE . . . . . 4 4.3. New Attribute for STATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5. EMAILID Object Identifier and THREADID Correlator . . . . . . 6 5.1. EMAILID Identifier for Identical Messages . . . . . . . . 6 5.2. THREADID Identifier for Related Messages . . . . . . . . 6 5.3. New Message Data Items in FETCH and UID FETCH Commands . 7 6. New Filters on SEARCH Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 7. Formal Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8. Implementation Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8.1. Assigning Object Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8.2. Interaction with Special Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 8.3. Client Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 8.4. Advice to Client Implementers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 9. Future Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 10. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 11. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 12. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 12.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 12.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Appendix A. Ideas for Implementing Object Identifiers . . . . . 15 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1. Introduction IMAP stores are often used by many clients. Each client may cache data from the server so that it doesn't need to redownload information. [RFC3501] states that a mailbox can be uniquely referenced by its name and UIDVALIDITY, and a message within that mailbox can be uniquely referenced by its mailbox (name + UIDVALIDITY) and unique identifier (UID). The triple of mailbox name, UIDVALIDITY, and UID is guaranteed to be immutable. [RFC4315] defines a COPYUID response that allows a client that copies messages to know the mapping between the UIDs in the source and destination mailboxes and, hence, update its local cache. If a mailbox is successfully renamed by a client, that client will know that the same messages exist in the destination mailbox name as previously existed in the source mailbox name. Gondwana Standards Track [Page 2] RFC 8474 IMAP ObjectID September 2018 The result is that the client that copies (or moves [RFC6851]) messages or renames a mailbox can update its local cache, but any other client connected to the same store cannot know with certainty that the messages are identical, so it will redownload everything. This extension adds new properties to a message (EMAILID) and mailbox (MAILBOXID). These properties allow a client to quickly identify messages or mailboxes that have been renamed by another client. This extension also adds an optional thread identifier (THREADID) to messages, which can be used by the server to indicate messages that it has identified to be related. A server that does not implement threading will return NIL to all requests for THREADID. 2. Conventions Used in This Document In examples, "C:" indicates lines sent by a client that is connected to a server. "S:" indicates lines sent by the server to the client. The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. 3. CAPABILITY Identification IMAP servers that support this extension MUST include "OBJECTID" in the response list to the CAPABILITY command. 4. MAILBOXID Object Identifier The MAILBOXID is a server-allocated unique identifier for each mailbox. The server MUST return the same MAILBOXID for a mailbox with the same name and UIDVALIDITY. The server MUST NOT report the same MAILBOXID for two mailboxes at the same time. The server MUST NOT reuse the same MAILBOXID for a mailbox that does not obey all the invariants that [RFC3501] defines for a mailbox that does not change name or UIDVALIDITY. Gondwana Standards Track [Page 3] RFC 8474 IMAP ObjectID September 2018 The server MUST keep the same MAILBOXID for the source and destination when renaming a mailbox in a way that keeps the same messages (but see [RFC3501] for the special case regarding the renaming of INBOX, which is treated as creating a new mailbox and moving the messages). 4.1. New Response Code for CREATE This document extends the CREATE command to have the response code MAILBOXID on successful mailbox creation. A server advertising the OBJECTID capability MUST include the MAILBOXID response code in the tagged OK response to all successful CREATE commands. Syntax: "MAILBOXID" SP "(" objectid ")" Response code in tagged OK response for successful CREATE command. Example: C: 3 create foo S: 3 OK [MAILBOXID (F2212ea87-6097-4256-9d51-71338625)] Completed C: 4 create bar S: 4 OK [MAILBOXID (F6352ae03-b7f5-463c-896f-d8b48ee3)] Completed C: 5 create foo S: 5 NO Mailbox already exists 4.2. New OK Untagged Response for SELECT and EXAMINE This document adds a new untagged response code to the SELECT and EXAMINE commands. A server advertising the OBJECTID capability MUST return an untagged OK response with the MAILBOXID response code on all successful SELECT and EXAMINE commands. Syntax: "OK" SP "[" "MAILBOXID" SP "(" objectid ")" "]" SP text Untagged OK response to SELECT or EXAMINE. Example: C: 27 select "foo" [...] S: * OK [MAILBOXID (F2212ea87-6097-4256-9d51-71338625)] Ok [...] S: 27 OK [READ-WRITE] Completed Gondwana Standards Track [Page 4] RFC 8474 IMAP ObjectID September 2018 4.3. New Attribute for STATUS This document adds the MAILBOXID attribute to the STATUS command using the extended syntax defined in [RFC4466]. A server that advertises the OBJECTID capability MUST support the MAILBOXID status attribute. Syntax: "MAILBOXID" The attribute in the STATUS command. Syntax: "MAILBOXID" SP "(" objectid ")" The response item in the STATUS response contains the ObjectID assigned by the server for this mailbox. Example: C: 6 status foo (mailboxid) S: * STATUS foo (MAILBOXID (F2212ea87-6097-4256-9d51-71338625)) S: 6 OK Completed C: 7 status bar (mailboxid) S: * STATUS bar (MAILBOXID (F6352ae03-b7f5-463c-896f-d8b48ee3)) S: 7 OK Completed C: 8 rename foo renamed S: * OK rename foo renamed S: 8 OK Completed C: 9 status renamed (mailboxid) S: * STATUS renamed (MAILBOXID (F2212ea87-6097-4256-9d51-71338625)) S: 9 OK Completed C: 10 status bar (mailboxid) S: * STATUS bar (MAILBOXID (F6352ae03-b7f5-463c-896f-d8b48ee3)) S: 10 OK Completed When the LIST-STATUS IMAP capability defined in [RFC5819] is also available, the STATUS command can be combined with the LIST command. Example: C: 11 list "" "*" return (status (mailboxid)) S: * LIST (\HasNoChildren) "." INBOX S: * STATUS INBOX (MAILBOXID (Ff8e3ead4-9389-4aff-adb1-d8d89efd8cbf)) S: * LIST (\HasNoChildren) "." bar S: * STATUS bar (MAILBOXID (F6352ae03-b7f5-463c-896f-d8b48ee3)) S: * LIST (\HasNoChildren) "." renamed S: * STATUS renamed (MAILBOXID (F2212ea87-6097-4256-9d51-71338625)) S: 11 OK Completed (0.001 secs 3 calls) Gondwana Standards Track [Page 5] RFC 8474 IMAP ObjectID September 2018 5. EMAILID Object Identifier and THREADID Correlator 5.1. EMAILID Identifier for Identical Messages The EMAILID data item is an ObjectID that uniquely identifies the content of a single message. Anything that must remain immutable on a {name, uidvalidity, uid} triple must also be the same between messages with the same EMAILID. The server MUST return the same EMAILID for the same triple; hence, EMAILID is immutable. The server MUST return the same EMAILID as the source message for the matching destination message in the COPYUID pairing after a COPY or MOVE command [RFC6851]. The server MAY assign the same EMAILID as an existing message upon APPEND (e.g., if it detects that the new message has exactly identical content to that of an existing message). NOTE: EMAILID only identifies the immutable content of the message. In particular, it is possible for different messages with the same EMAILID to have different keywords. This document does not specify a way to STORE by EMAILID. 5.2. THREADID Identifier for Related Messages The THREADID data item is an ObjectID that uniquely identifies a set of messages that the server believes should be grouped together when presented. THREADID calculation is generally based on some combination of References, In-Reply-To, and Subject, but the exact logic is left up to the server implementation. [RFC5256] describes some algorithms that could be used; however, this specification does not mandate any particular strategy. The server MUST return the same THREADID for all messages with the same EMAILID. The server SHOULD return the same THREADID for related messages, even if they are in different mailboxes; for example, messages that would appear in the same thread if they were in the same mailbox SHOULD have the same THREADID, even if they are in different mailboxes. The server MUST NOT change the THREADID of a message once reported. Gondwana Standards Track [Page 6] RFC 8474 IMAP ObjectID September 2018 THREADID is OPTIONAL; if the server doesn't support THREADID or is unable to calculate relationships between messages, it MUST return NIL to all FETCH responses for the THREADID data item, and a SEARCH for THREADID MUST NOT match any messages. The server MUST NOT use the same ObjectID value for both EMAILIDs and THREADIDs. If they are stored with the same value internally, the server can generate prefixed values (as shown in the examples below with M and T prefixes) to avoid clashes. 5.3. New Message Data Items in FETCH and UID FETCH Commands This document defines two FETCH items: Syntax: "EMAILID" The EMAILID message data item causes the server to return EMAILID FETCH response data items. Syntax: "THREADID" The THREADID message data item causes the server to return THREADID FETCH response data items. This document defines the following responses: Syntax: "EMAILID" SP "(" objectid ")" The EMAILID response data item contains the server-assigned ObjectID for each message. Syntax: "THREADID" SP "(" objectid ")" The THREADID response data item contains the server-assigned ObjectID for the set of related messages to which this message belongs. Syntax: "THREADID" SP nil The NIL value is returned for the THREADID response data item when the server mailbox does not support THREADID calculation. Gondwana Standards Track [Page 7] RFC 8474 IMAP ObjectID September 2018 Example: C: 5 append inbox "20-Mar-2018 03:07:37 +1100" {733} [...] Subject: Message A Message-ID: <firstname.lastname@example.com> [...] S: 5 OK [APPENDUID 1521475658 1] Completed C: 11 append inbox "20-Mar-2018 03:07:37 +1100" {793} [...] Subject: Re: Message A Message-ID: <firstname.lastname@example.com> References: <firstname.lastname@example.com> [...] S: 11 OK [APPENDUID 1521475658 2] Completed C: 17 append inbox "20-Mar-2018 03:07:37 +1100" {736} [...] Subject: Message C Message-ID: <email@example.com> [...] S: 17 OK [APPENDUID 1521475658 3] Completed C: 22 fetch 1:* (emailid threadid) S: * 1 FETCH (EMAILID (M6d99ac3275bb4e) THREADID (T64b478a75b7ea9)) S: * 2 FETCH (EMAILID (M288836c4c7a762) THREADID (T64b478a75b7ea9)) S: * 3 FETCH (EMAILID (M5fdc09b49ea703) THREADID (T11863d02dd95b5)) S: 22 OK Completed (0.000 sec) C: 23 move 2 foo S: * OK [COPYUID 1521475659 2 1] Completed S: * 2 EXPUNGE S: 23 OK Completed C: 24 fetch 1:* (emailid threadid) S: * 1 FETCH (EMAILID (M6d99ac3275bb4e) THREADID (T64b478a75b7ea9)) S: * 2 FETCH (EMAILID (M5fdc09b49ea703) THREADID (T11863d02dd95b5)) S: 24 OK Completed (0.000 sec) C: 25 select "foo" C: 25 select "foo" [...] S: 25 OK [READ-WRITE] Completed C: 26 fetch 1:* (emailid threadid) S: * 1 FETCH (EMAILID (M288836c4c7a762) THREADID (T64b478a75b7ea9)) S: 26 OK Completed (0.000 sec) Gondwana Standards Track [Page 8] RFC 8474 IMAP ObjectID September 2018 Example: (no THREADID support) C: 26 fetch 1:* (emailid threadid) S: * 1 FETCH (EMAILID (M00000001) THREADID NIL) S: * 2 FETCH (EMAILID (M00000002) THREADID NIL) S: 26 OK Completed (0.000 sec) 6. New Filters on SEARCH Command This document defines the filters EMAILID and THREADID on the SEARCH command. Syntax: "EMAILID" SP objectid Messages whose EMAILID is exactly the specified ObjectID. Syntax: "THREADID" SP objectid Messages whose THREADID is exactly the specified ObjectID. Example: (as if run before the MOVE shown above when the mailbox had three messages) C: 27 search emailid M6d99ac3275bb4e S: * SEARCH 1 S: 27 OK Completed (1 msgs in 0.000 secs) C: 28 search threadid T64b478a75b7ea9 S: * SEARCH 1 2 S: 28 OK Completed (2 msgs in 0.000 secs) 7. Formal Syntax The following syntax specification uses the Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF) [RFC5234] notation. Elements not defined here can be found in the formal syntax of the ABNF [RFC5234], IMAP [RFC3501], and IMAP ABNF extensions [RFC4466] specifications. Except as noted otherwise, all alphabetic characters are case insensitive. The use of uppercase or lowercase characters to define token strings is for editorial clarity only. Implementations MUST accept these strings in a case-insensitive fashion. Please note specifically that ObjectID values are case sensitive. Gondwana Standards Track [Page 9] RFC 8474 IMAP ObjectID September 2018 capability =/ "OBJECTID" fetch-att =/ "EMAILID" / "THREADID" fetch-emailid-resp = "EMAILID" SP "(" objectid ")" ; follows tagged-ext production from [RFC4466] fetch-threadid-resp = "THREADID" SP ( "(" objectid ")" / nil ) ; follows tagged-ext production from [RFC4466] msg-att-static =/ fetch-emailid-resp / fetch-threadid-resp objectid = 1*255(ALPHA / DIGIT / "_" / "-") ; characters in object identifiers are case ; significant resp-text-code =/ "MAILBOXID" SP "(" objectid ")" ; incorporated before the expansion rule of ; atom [SP 1*<any TEXT-CHAR except "]">] ; that appears in [RFC3501] search-key =/ "EMAILID" SP objectid / "THREADID" SP objectid status-att =/ "MAILBOXID" status-att-val =/ "MAILBOXID" SP "(" objectid ")" ; follows tagged-ext production from [RFC4466] 8. Implementation Considerations 8.1. Assigning Object Identifiers All ObjectID values are allocated by the server. In the interest of reducing the possibilities of encoding mistakes, ObjectIDs are restricted to a safe subset of possible byte values; in order to allow clients to allocate storage, they are restricted in length. An ObjectID is a string of 1 to 255 characters from the following set of 64 codepoints: a-z, A-Z, 0-9, _, -. These characters are safe to use in almost any context (e.g., filesystems, URIs, IMAP atoms). These are the same characters defined as base64url in [RFC4648]. Gondwana Standards Track [Page 10] RFC 8474 IMAP ObjectID September 2018 For maximum safety, servers should also follow defensive allocation strategies to avoid creating risks where glob completion or data type detection may be present (e.g., on filesystems or in spreadsheets). In particular, it is wise to avoid: o IDs starting with a dash o IDs starting with digits o IDs that contain only digits o IDs that differ only by ASCII case (for example, A vs. a) o the specific sequence of three characters NIL in any case (because this sequence can be confused with the IMAP protocol expression of the null value) A good solution to these issues is to prefix every ID with a single alphabetical character. 8.2. Interaction with Special Cases The case of RENAME INBOX may need special handling because it has special behavior, as defined in [RFC3501], Section 6.3.5. It is advisable (though not required) to have MAILBOXID be globally unique, but it is only required to be unique within messages offered to a single client login to a single server hostname. For example, a proxy that aggregates multiple independent servers MUST NOT advertise the OBJECTID capability unless it can guarantee that different objects will never use the same identifiers, even if backend object identifiers collide. 8.3. Client Usage Servers that implement both RFC 6154 and this specification should optimize their execution of commands like UID SEARCH OR EMAILID 1234 EMAILID 4321. Clients can assume that searching the all-mail mailbox using OR/ EMAILID or OR/THREADID is a fast way to find messages again if some other client has moved them out of the mailbox where they were previously seen. Clients that cache data offline should fetch the EMAILID of all new messages to avoid redownloading already-cached message details. Gondwana Standards Track [Page 11] RFC 8474 IMAP ObjectID September 2018 Clients should fetch the MAILBOXID for any new mailboxes before discarding cache data for any mailbox that is no longer present on the server so that they can detect renames and avoid redownloading data. 8.4. Advice to Client Implementers In cases of server failure and disaster recovery, or misbehaving servers, it is possible that a client will be sent invalid information, e.g., identical ObjectIDs or ObjectIDs that have changed where they MUST NOT change according to this document. In a case where a client detects inconsistent ObjectID responses from a server, it SHOULD fall back to relying on the guarantees of RFC 3501. For simplicity, a client MAY instead choose to discard its entire cache and resync all state from the server. Client authors protecting against server misbehavior MUST ensure that their design cannot get into an infinite loop of discarding cache and fetching the same data repeatedly without user interaction. 9. Future Considerations This extension is intentionally defined to be compatible with the data model in [JMAP-MAIL]. A future extension could be proposed to give a way to SELECT a mailbox by MAILBOXID rather than name. A future extension to [RFC5228] could allow fileinto by MAILBOXID rather than name. An extension to allow fetching message content directly via EMAILID and message listings by THREADID could be proposed. 10. IANA Considerations IANA has added "OBJECTID" to the "IMAP Capabilities" registry located at <https://www.iana.org/assignments/imap-capabilities> with a reference to this document. IANA has added "MAILBOXID" to the "IMAP Response Codes" registry located at <https://www.iana.org/assignments/imap-response-codes> with a reference to this document. Gondwana Standards Track [Page 12] RFC 8474 IMAP ObjectID September 2018 11. Security Considerations It is strongly advised that servers generate ObjectIDs that are safe to use as filesystem names and unlikely to be autodetected as numbers. See implementation considerations. If a digest is used for ID generation, it must have a collision- resistant property, so server implementations are advised to monitor current security research and choose secure digests. As the IDs are generated by the server, it will be possible to migrate to a new hash by just using the new algorithm when creating new IDs. This is particularly true if a prefix is used on each ID, which can be changed when the algorithm changes. The use of a digest for ID generation may be used as proof that a particular sequence of bytes was seen by the server. However, this is only a risk if IDs are leaked to clients who don't have permission to fetch the data directly. Servers that are expected to handle highly sensitive data should consider this when choosing how to create IDs. See also the security considerations in [RFC3501], Section 11. 12. References 12.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>. [RFC3501] Crispin, M., "INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL - VERSION 4rev1", RFC 3501, DOI 10.17487/RFC3501, March 2003, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3501>. [RFC4315] Crispin, M., "Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) - UIDPLUS extension", RFC 4315, DOI 10.17487/RFC4315, December 2005, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4315>. [RFC4466] Melnikov, A. and C. Daboo, "Collected Extensions to IMAP4 ABNF", RFC 4466, DOI 10.17487/RFC4466, April 2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4466>. [RFC5228] Guenther, P., Ed. and T. Showalter, Ed., "Sieve: An Email Filtering Language", RFC 5228, DOI 10.17487/RFC5228, January 2008, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5228>. Gondwana Standards Track [Page 13] RFC 8474 IMAP ObjectID September 2018 [RFC5234] Crocker, D., Ed. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, DOI 10.17487/RFC5234, January 2008, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5234>. [RFC5256] Crispin, M. and K. Murchison, "Internet Message Access Protocol - SORT and THREAD Extensions", RFC 5256, DOI 10.17487/RFC5256, June 2008, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5256>. [RFC5819] Melnikov, A. and T. Sirainen, "IMAP4 Extension for Returning STATUS Information in Extended LIST", RFC 5819, DOI 10.17487/RFC5819, March 2010, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5819>. [RFC6851] Gulbrandsen, A. and N. Freed, Ed., "Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) - MOVE Extension", RFC 6851, DOI 10.17487/RFC6851, January 2013, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6851>. [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>. 12.2. Informative References [JMAP-MAIL] Jenkins, N. and C. Newman, "JMAP for Mail", Work in Progress, draft-ietf-jmap-mail-07, August 2018. [RFC4122] Leach, P., Mealling, M., and R. Salz, "A Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID) URN Namespace", RFC 4122, DOI 10.17487/RFC4122, July 2005, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4122>. [RFC4648] Josefsson, S., "The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data Encodings", RFC 4648, DOI 10.17487/RFC4648, October 2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4648>. Gondwana Standards Track [Page 14] RFC 8474 IMAP ObjectID September 2018 Appendix A. Ideas for Implementing Object Identifiers Ideas for calculating MAILBOXID: o Universally Unique Identifier (UUID) [RFC4122] o Server-assigned sequence number (guaranteed not to be reused) Ideas for implementing EMAILID: o Digest of message content (RFC822 bytes) -- expensive unless cached o UUID [RFC4122] o Server-assigned sequence number (guaranteed not to be reused) Ideas for implementing THREADID: o Derive from EMAILID of first seen message in the thread. o UUID [RFC4122] o Server-assigned sequence number (guaranteed not to be reused) There is a need to index and look up reference/in-reply-to data at message creation to efficiently find matching messages for threading. Threading may be either across mailboxes or within each mailbox only. The server has significant leeway here. Acknowledgments The author would like to thank the EXTRA working group at IETF for feedback and advice -- in particular, Arnt Gulbrandsen, Brandon Long, Chris Newman, and Josef Sipek. This document drew inspiration from the Gmail X-GM-THRID and X-GM- MSGID implementations as currently defined at <https://developers.google.com/gmail/imap/imap-extensions>, as well as the X-GUID implementation in the Dovecot server. Gondwana Standards Track [Page 15] RFC 8474 IMAP ObjectID September 2018 Author's Address Bron Gondwana (editor) FastMail Level 2, 114 William St Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia Email: firstname.lastname@example.com URI: https://www.fastmail.com Gondwana Standards Track [Page 16]


text:
China has tested a hypersonic missile vehicle designed to travel several times the speed of sound, the Pentagon says.
The test makes China the second country after the United States to conduct experimental flights with hypersonic vehicles, a technology that could allow armies to rapidly strike distant targets anywhere on the globe.
"We're aware of the test of the hypersonic vehicle but we are not commenting on it," said Pentagon spokesman Lieutenant Colonel Jeff Pool.
The flight was conducted on January 9 and the Chinese vehicle, dubbed the WU-14, is supposed to travel at Mach 10, or 10 times the speed of sound, according to a report in the Washington Free Beacon.
In its annual report on the Chinese military, the Pentagon made no mention of hypersonic test flights but did say the Chinese had built a hypersonic wind tunnel for experiments.
China's surging economic power has been matched by increasing military might, including investments in an aircraft carrier, anti-ship ballistic missiles, satellites and other hardware.
Three Republican legislators, including the chairman of the House Armed Services Committee, Howard "Buck" McKeon, expressed concern over the test of what they called a "Chinese hypersonic cruise missile" and said the US military was falling behind.
"While round after round of defence cuts have knocked America's technological advantage on its back, the Chinese and other competitor nations push towards military parity with the United States; in some cases, as in this one, they appear to be leaping ahead of us," said McKeon, and representatives Randy Forbes and Mike Rogers.
"This situation does nothing to support peaceful coexistence in the Pacific," it said.
The US has placed a high priority on hypersonic projects, spending $US200 million in fiscal year 2013 on three programs while conducting a number of test flights with hypersonic vehicles.


text:
perl compatible pack() and unpack()
Available in Quicklisp:
CL-USER> (ql:quickload "cl-pack")
; Loading "cl-pack"
CL-USER> (cl-pack:unpack "b8" "A")
CL-PACK supplies Perl/PHP/Ruby/Python compatible pack() and unpack() functions to allow easy use of *(binary format) protocols and files with the above mentioned languages and C. CL-PACK was released by Dan Ballard under the MIT license.
The purpose of cl-pack is to take native Lisp data like numbers, floats, and strings and encode it in a safe binary format in string that can then be written to a file or exchanged with another program while unpack can extract data from binary formats and protocols.
cl-pack has nearly full support for all features offered by perl's pack. It boasts full support for most data types and formating rules from numbers and string to formating rules and grouping and templates. cl-pack also supports endian safe floats as outlined by ruby. cl-pack is supports ASDF so as to make it easy to integrate into your existing system.
CL-PACK> (pack "VgA*c*" #x41424344 161.99 " a string " 69 70 71)
"DCBAC!ýq a string EFG"
CL-PACK> (unpack "B8H2Ng" "ABCDEFC!ýq")
Documentation is currently a bit sparse, but is contained in cl-pack.lisp. Additionally, a good overview of pack and unpack functions can be seen at http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/pack.html.
Nearly every feature except a few esoteric ones are supported, check the documentation inside cl-pack.lisp if in doubt and if a feature you need isn't currently supported feel free to contact me and I'll see if I can add it.
Note: I think the 0.2 release is about as feature complete as I feel I need to get at the moment so I'm pushing it out. If there are not major complaints, then in a bit it will be rereleased as 1.0, and if there are complaints, well more code and another pre 1.0 release :)
Cavets: cl-pack was developed on an x86 running Ubuntu with SBCL. It should be endian safe where required and conform to host CPU endianness where required but I haven't been able to test on anything but x86. I would hope that it would work with most Lisps out there. Please feel free to get ahold of me if you have issues that need fixing.


text:
You're viewing Apigee Edge documentation.
Go to the
Apigee X documentation. info
There are several concepts that are common ideas with a unique meaning in Apigee.
Term | Definition |
API | A proxy that acts as a facade for your existing API. Rather than calling your existing API, developers begin calling the new API generated by Apigee. This facade decouples your public interface from your backend API, shielding developers from backend changes, while enabling you to innovate at the edge without impacting your internal development teams. As you make backend changes, developers continue to call the same API uninterrupted. In more advanced scenarios, Apigee lets you expose multiple interfaces to the same API, freeing you to customize the signature of an API to meet the needs of various developer niches simultaneously. |
API base path and resources | An API is made up of base path and a set of resources (also known as resource paths). For each API, you define a single root URL and multiple resource paths. You can think of an API simply as a set of URIs, all of which share a common base path. To make it easier to manage your APIs, Apigee augments these raw URIs with display names and descriptions. |
API consumer | Synonymous with "app developer," who uses the APIs created by an API provider. |
API developer | A software engineer in an API provider organization who builds APIs. Those APIs are used by app developers (API consumers) to build apps. |
API package | A collection of API products that are presented to developers as a bundle, and typically associated with a rate plan. |
API product | A collection of API resources (URIs) combined with a service plan and presented to developers as a bundle. The API product can also include some metadata specific to your business for monitoring or analytics. One or more resources can be monetized by including them in an API product, which can then bundled into an API package for monetization. |
API provider | An API provider build APIs (using Edge) for API consumers (app developers) to use. |
app developer | In Edge, app developers register their apps with an API provider, which is how app developers get the API keys they need to call the provider's API proxies. |
apps | Your developers use apps to access the resources in your API products. When you create an app, you select the API product to include, and Apigee generates a key. Each app has a single key that provides access to multiple API products. Apps allow you to control who can access your resources. You can control who has access to your API products by revoking and refreshing an app's key. And you can control access to bundles of resources by revoking or deleting access to the products in an app. |
balance details | For a prepaid developer, the balance in the developer's account. |
closed adjustment | An adjustment that has been applied in published billing documents. |
closed billing month | A complete calendar month for which billing documents have been published. |
custom limit | A limit (such as a limit on the number of transactions on an API product) that you can explicitly set up using monetization. Also called an explicit limit. |
developer category rate plan | A rate plan that applies to all developers in a specific category and is available for purchase by all developers in that category. |
developer rate plan | A rate plan that applies to a specific developer and is available for purchase only by that developer. |
disclosed agent | In commercial law, a person who is authorized to act on behalf of another (called the principal) to create a legal relationship with a third party. In monetization, a tax model can be set up for a shared revenue plan such that the API provider acts as a disclosed agent of the developer to collect revenue (and possibly sales taxes) on behalf of the developer. |
disclosed tax model | A tax model in which the API provider acts as a disclosed agent of the developer. |
environment | A runtime execution context for APIs. An API must be deployed to an environment before it can be accessed at runtime. By default, Apigee organizations are provisioned with two environments: 'test' and 'prod'. The 'test' environment is typically used for deploying APIs undergoing testing. The 'prod' environment is typically used for deploying APIs for production use. |
hybrid tax model | A tax model in which the API provider acts as a disclosed agent of the developer. However, the API provider pays the sales tax collected from their subscribers to the local tax authorities on the developer's behalf. |
implicit limit | A limit (such as a developer prepaid balance limit) set by monetization. |
monetization | A component of the Apigee Edge Developer Services that provides an easy-to-use and flexible way of monetizing API products. |
monthly amount used | A developer's total usage for a given month, which includes setup fee + transaction fee + recurring fee. |
monthly payments | The recurring payments made by a developer based on the plans purchased. Rate plans can have recurring fee that is charged to a developer every month regardless of usage. |
netting statement | A financial document that shows the net balances between invoices and revenue share statements. |
open adjustment | An adjustment that has not yet been applied in published billing documents. |
open billing month | A complete calendar month for which "final" billing documents have not been published. |
organization | A container for all the objects in your Apigee account, including APIs, API products, API packages, apps, and developers. A user account is required for each organization for which you may be a member. (Most users will have an account in only one organization.) You need to supply your credentials (username and password) and the name of your organization with each API request you submit. |
package catalog | A list of API packages. Each package is listed with its API products and rate plans. |
prepaid balance | An amount of money available for a prepaid developer to pay in advance for API packages. |
prepaid developer | A developer who pays in advance for the use of an API product. Funds are deducted from a prepaid developer's balance when the API product is used. The developer must maintain a prepaid balance sufficient to purchase the API product. Developers are assigned prepaid or postpaid status by the API provider. |
policy | A processing step that executes as an atomic, reusable unit of logic within an API flow. Typical policies include routing requests to the proper endpoint, transforming a message format, enforcing access control, calling remote services for additional information, masking sensitive data from external users, examining message contents for potential threats, caching common responses to improve performance, and so on. Policies may be conditionally executed based on the content or context of a request or response message. For example, a transformation policy may be executed to customize a response format if the request message was sent from a smartphone. |
postpaid developer | A developer who is billed monthly (through an invoice) for the use of API products. The developer pays for the use of API products based on the payment terms set by the plan(s) included on the invoice. Developers are assigned postpaid or prepaid status by the API provider. |
price points | A range of possible prices at which something might be marketed. |
rate card rate plan | A rate plan in which the developer is charged a fixed or variable rate for each transaction involving a monetized API product. |
rate plan | A specification of the fees, other charges, and revenue share for the use of API products offered in a monetized API package. |
resource path |
A RESTful concept, a resource path is a uniform resource identified (URI) that identifies the network path to a given resource. |
revenue share rate plan | A rate plan in which a percentage of the revenue generated from each transaction involving a monetized API product is shared with the developer of the app issuing the request. |
revenue share and rate card plan | A rate plan in which a percentage of the revenue generated from each transaction involving a monetized API product is shared with the developer of the app issuing the request. The developer is also charged a fixed or variable fee for each transaction. |
self-billing invoice | A financial document that is generated instead of a revenue share statement. It details the amount due to the developer, and acts as an invoice to the API Provider on behalf of the developer. |
standard rate plan | A rate plan that is available for purchase by all developers. |
tax | Total tax applied to a developer's usage and fees. |
top up | The action taken by a prepaid developer to add funds to the prepaid balance. |
transaction recording policy | A mechanism that enables monetization to capture transaction parameters and custom attributes. Monetization needs this information to perform its monetization processing, such as applying rate plans to API requests and responses based on the custom attributes captured in each transaction. |
undisclosed agent | An organization (or operator) that takes part in the underlying supply of applications, such that it is deemed to purchase the content on behalf of the developer (for tax purposes only). As an undisclosed agent, the organization (or operator) can collect and account for taxes due from end users. This status is only relevant for tax purposes — the legal status of the developer in the supply chain is unaffected. |
undisclosed tax model | A tax model in which the API provider deducts the tax collected from the end users and pays it to the local tax authorities. |
version | The version of the developer-facing API interface. For example, pivotaltracker.com/services/v3, or api.enterprise.apigee.com/v1. (This term is distinguished from 'revision', which is the numbered, version-controlled package of configuration and policies bundled into an API Proxy. In short, API interfaces have versions, while API Proxies have revisions. |


text:
Many modern mice have the ability to store profiles, customize button mappings and actions and switch between several hardware resolutions. A number of those mice are targeted at gamers, but the features are increasingly common in standard mice. Under Linux, support for these device is spotty, though there are a few projects dedicated to supporting parts of the available device range. [1] [2] [3]
Benjamin Tissoires and I started a new project: libratbag. libratbag is a library to provide a generic interface to these mice,enabling desktop environments to provide configuration tools without having to worry about the device model. As of the time of this writing, we have partial support for the Logitech HID++ 1.0 (G500, G5) and HID++ 2.0 protocols (G303), the Etekcity Scroll Alpha and Roccat Kone XTD. Thomas H. P. Anderson already added the G5, G9 and the M705.
git clone http://github.com/libratbag/libratbag
The internal architecture is fairly simple, behind the library's API we have a couple of protocol-specific drivers that access the mouse. The drivers match a specific product/vendor ID combination and load the data from the device, the library then exports it to the caller as a struct ratbag_device. Each device has at least one profile, each profile has a number of buttons and at least one resolution. Where possible, the resolutions can be queried and set, the buttons likewise can be queried and set for different functions. If the hardware supports it, you can map buttons to other buttons, assign macros, or special functions such as DPI/profile switching. The main goal of libratbag is to unify access to the devices so a configuration application doesn't need different libraries per hardware. Especially short-term, we envision using some of the projects listed above through custom backends.
We're at version 0.1 at the moment, so the API is still subject to change. It looks like this:
#include <libratbag.h> struct ratbag *ratbag; struct ratbag_device *device; struct ratbag_profile *p; struct ratbag_button *b; struct ratbag_resolution *r; ratbag = ratbag_create_context(...); device = ratbag_device_new_from_udev(ratbag, udev_device); /* retrieve the first profile */ p = ratbag_device_get_profile(device, 0); /* retrieve the first resolution setting of the profile */ r = ratbag_profile_get_resolution(p, 0); printf("The first resolution is: %dpi @ %d Hz\n", ratbag_resolution_get_dpi(r), ratbag_resolution_get_report_rate(r)); ratbag_resolution_unref(r); /* retrieve the fourth button */ b = ratbag_profile_get_button(p, 4); if (ratbag_button_get_action_type(b) == RATBAG_BUTTON_ACTION_TYPE_SPECIAL && ratbag_button_get_special(b) == RATBAG_BUTTON_ACTION_SPECIAL_RESOLUTION_UP) printf("button 4 selects next resolution"); ratbag_button_unref(b); ratbag_profile_unref(p); ratbag_device_unref(device); ratbag_unref(device);
For testing and playing around with libratbag, we have a tool called ratbag-command that exposes most of the library:
$ ratbag-command info /dev/input/event8 Device 'BTL Gaming Mouse' Capabilities: res profile btn-key btn-macros Number of buttons: 11 Profiles supported: 5 Profile 0 (active) Resolutions: 0: 800x800dpi @ 500Hz 1: 800x800dpi @ 500Hz (active) 2: 2400x2400dpi @ 500Hz 3: 3200x3200dpi @ 500Hz 4: 4000x4000dpi @ 500Hz 5: 8000x8000dpi @ 500Hz Button: 0 type left is mapped to 'button 1' Button: 1 type right is mapped to 'button 2' Button: 2 type middle is mapped to 'button 3' Button: 3 type extra (forward) is mapped to 'profile up' Button: 4 type side (backward) is mapped to 'profile down' Button: 5 type resolution cycle up is mapped to 'resolution cycle up' Button: 6 type pinkie is mapped to 'macro "And to toggle/query the various settings on the device:": H↓ H↑ E↓ E↑ L↓ L↑ L↓ L↑ O↓ O↑' Button: 7 type pinkie2 is mapped to 'macro "foo": F↓ F↑ O↓ O↑ O↓ O↑' Button: 8 type wheel up is mapped to 'wheel up' Button: 9 type wheel down is mapped to 'wheel down' Button: 10 type unknown is mapped to 'none' Profile 1 ...
$ ratbag-command dpi set 400 /dev/input/event8 $ ratbag-command profile 1 resolution 3 dpi set 800 /dev/input/event8 $ ratbag-command profile 0 button 4 set action special doubleclick
libratbag is in a very early state of development. There are a bunch of FIXMEs in the code, the hardware support is still spotty and we'll appreciate any help we can get, especially with the hardware driver backends. There's a TODO in the repo for some things that we already know needs changing. Feel free to browse the repo on github and drop us some patches.
Eventually we want this to be integrated into the desktop environments, either in the respective control panels or in a standalone application. libratbag already provides SVGs for some devices we support but we'll need some designer input for the actual application. Again, any help you want to provide here will be much appreciated.


text:
by Rich Nilsen,
One of the common behavioral reactions to stress can be an exaggeration of an existing habit. Maybe one of your responses is overeating, and you suddenly notice yourself eating way more than you usually do.
These will be important factors to keep a close eye on after you solve your sleep disorder. Insomnia can come back, but only if you let it. Be confident that you won't let that happen, because you will have established a solid foundation. Your precious sleep life will not be built on shifting sands.
The following are some red flags to watch out. Feel free to add to this list based on your own experience.
- Muscular tension and physical pain
- Obsessive thoughts
- Closing yourself off from others
- Increased levels of bad habits – e.g. smoking, overeating.
- Tics – face, eyes, etc.
- Sweating
- Fatigue
- Increased need to urinate – often a sign of depression.
- Ulcers
- Difficulty concentrating
- Feeling overwhelmed with your workload
- Feeling overwhelmed with responsibilities
- Mood swings
- Lack of motivation
- Other [list your own] ________________
(reprinted from "Sleep Great for Life," rated 5 stars on Amazon.com and available in all e-book formats for anyone looking for a cure for their insomnia)


text:
Launch Your Private Blog Network
We have over 8 years of experience hosting our own private networks and deploying custom-built websites on WordPress. If you are an online agency, ecomm business or an independent Internet marketer, you value time and security already. And this is what you are getting with Domain Takeoff plans - a single place to host large numbers of WordPress sites, with all the necessary features centralized in a single dashboard - installations, upgrades, post and link publishing, uptime monitoring, backups and even SEO analysis and rank tracking. Our own network runs on it, and so do thousands of other websites.


text:
What Is Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL)?
Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation is a technique for validating your control algorithm, running on an intended target controller, by creating a virtual real-time environment that represents your physical system to control. HIL helps to test the behavior of your control algorithms without physical prototypes.
How does HIL simulation work?
- You create and simulate a virtual real-time implementation of physical components such as a plant, sensors, and actuators on a real-time target computer.
- You run the control algorithm on an embedded controller and run the plant or environment model in real time on a target computer connected to the controller. The embedded controller interacts with the plant model simulation through various I/O channels.
- You refine software representations of your components and gradually replace parts of the system environment with the actual hardware components.
With this approach, HIL simulation can eliminate costly iterations in hardware fabrication.
Where is HIL simulation used?
HIL simulation is especially useful when testing your control algorithm on the real physical system is costly or dangerous. HIL simulation is widely used in the automotive, aerospace and defense, and industrial automation and machinery industries to test embedded designs. HIL is also being adopted in medical devices, communications, semiconductors, and other industries.
Common HIL simulation examples include:
- Aerospace and defense: Flight simulators and flight dynamic control, where it is too complex to test the control algorithm on the actual aircraft
- Automotive: Vehicle dynamics and controls, where it is impractical to test the functionality on the road in the initial phases
- Industrial automation: Controller-plant testing, when stopping the production or assembly line to test control algorithms involves a huge amount of resources and business loss
HIL Simulation with MATLAB and Simulink
You can use Simulink Real-Time™ and Speedgoat target hardware to perform real-time simulation and testing. Engineers can start with desktop simulation using MATLAB® and Simulink® and then design, build, and test the real-time application. Using Simscape™, you can build physical models of your plant and then perform HIL simulation using Simulink Real-Time and Speedgoat target hardware.
Examples and How To
Software and Hardware Reference
See also: real-time simulation, physical modeling, rapid prototyping, embedded code generation, Simulink Real-Time, Power Electronics Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) testing


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October 26th, 2008
The Golden Rock - October 26th, 2008 Edition
Four more films to go at the HKAFF - Today is Claustrophobia and The Window is Yours, another PIA Film Festival film after yesterday's Mime Mime and the PIA Film Festival talk.
- It's looking to be a more active weekend at the Hong Kong box office this weekend. Tropic Thunder opened on top on Thursday with HK$531,000 from 31 screens. However, it's not going to top the weekend box office, as the Hong Kong Film blog reports that High School Musical 3, which didn't open until Friday here, opened with HK$1.15 million and will lead theweekend box office by a very large margin.
Even though a total of six films opened this weekend, only one other film got on the top 10 on Thursday, and that's the film version of the TV drama Kurosagi. From just 3 screens, the swindler drama made HK$32,000 and will do relatively well for it's limited number of screens. On the other hand, both Jacob Cheung's Ticket and the Korean film A Man Who Was Superman opened on five screens, while Wushu - The Young Generation opened on 14 screens. None of them made more than HK$30,000 to get on Thursday's top 10. I don't expect to see them on Monday, either.
-The Japanese film Departures, which won the top prize at the Montreal World Film Festival and will represent Japan at the Academy Awards, has become a surprise hit for distributor Shochiku. It has now recorded more than 2 million admissions and made nearly 2.5 billion yen with no signs of dropping out of the top 10 soon.
Box Office Mojo has caught up with the Japan box office numbers, so it's a good time to look at how other films are doing. Departures lost only 31% of its past weekend's gross in its 6th week, and it's the smallest drop in the top 10. The biggest drop goes to Wanted, which lost 55% in its 5th week. Even though Suspect X was on top for the 3rd weekend in a row, it lost nearly 40% of business, although this is fairly normal after a holiday weekend. Also worth noticing is that the box office has gotten so quiet that 3rd place film P.S. I Love You's gross is 215% of the 4th place Departures. Also very depressing is the second weekend of Warner Bros.' Get Smart, which saw a two-thirds drop in its second weekend and out of the top 10. Ouch.
- The Tokyo Film Festival Market has wrapped up on Friday, and while things didn't match the excitement of opening day, organizers (at leasy Variety) were very happy, especially since so may buyers decided to skip the Asian Film Market in Pusan.
Meanwhile, Friend of Golden Rock Jason Gray was in the middle of it all, and posts the second part of his report on his blog.
Also, The Golden Rock will be offering a more personal perspective on the world of film market pitching hopefully next week. No worries, I'm not the one doing the pitching.
- The Pang Brothers have directed and produced 8 released movies under Universe since for 4 years. Now expect 10 more years and at least 2 confirmed films.
- China's Huayi Brothers has announced a set of four films by major directors - Tsui Hark, Feng Xiaogang, Jack Neo, and Chen Kuo-Fu. Not sure if I'm excited about any of them, though.
- Earlier I reported that Red Cliff female lead Lin Chi-Ling signed on to be in Beverly Hills Ninja 2, which is set to be shot in Korea. However, Lin has now dropped out of the film, which now makes David Hasselhoff the biggest star on the film. As cool as the Hoff is, I'm not surprised if the Korean investors are now reconsidering the whole thing. Or they can always cast Vicky Zhao, the other Red Cliff female star.
- It's reviews time! This week, Japan Times' Mark Schilling reviews 90-year old veteran art director Takeo Kimura's first film Yume no Mani Mani, which is playing at this Tokyo theater. Is that Asano in the trailer? Variety's Derek Elley looks at two Korean films - the hit period film The Divine Weapon and Choi Ho's 70s music film Go Go 70s.
- Kind of like a review is this week's Teleview column on the Daily Yomiuri, which looks at the Kyoka Suzuki-led drama Scandal.
- If you're a Spongebob fan in China, start rejoicing: CCTV is bringing back 30 episodes of the popular American animated series after its last airing in December 2007.
- It's a good weekend for Japanese trailers: Nippon Cinema brings us the trailers for the Takeshi Kaneshiro-starring action film K-20 and the latest "animal doing human jobs" film Neko Ramen Taisho, about a cat that becomes a ramen chef. Brilliant!
- The Asia Pacific Screen Awards, to be given out in Australia next month, has picked its competition jury.
- Japanese-American pop singer melody. has suddenly announced her retirement as a music artist, deciding that she will follow her dream to become a clothes designer. Her last high-profile job was the host of NHK's English-language, oversea-aimed music show J-Melo, which presents Japanese pop music videos every week.


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A post-doc position at INFN Pisa is open to work on the Virgo commissioning
duration : 24 months
position can start July - December 2020.
INFN-Pisa is looking for a post-doctoral researcher to work on the installation and commissioning of the gravitational-wave interferometer AdvancedVirgo+.
AdvancedVirgo detector is starting the implementation of a series of upgrades including the installation of a new laser, the frequency dependent squeezing and installation of new mirror
called Signal Recycling. This additional mirror will change the way to acquire the control of the full instrument and imply the installation of new hardware to cope with this configuration change.
The post-doctoral researcher will be part of the team in charge of the new laser system to acquire the control of the full detector and its commissioning. He/she will later participate in the commissioning of the global control of the AdvancedVirgo interferometer and in the reduction of the different technical noises to reach the design sensitivity of the instrument.
Qualification: PhD in physics or optical engineer
The ideal candidate should have experience with control feedback system and optics. Knowledge in Matlab and python will be also appreciated.
Giancarlo Cella giancarlo.cella at pi.infn.it
Maddalena Mantovani mantovan at ego-gw.it
Nicolas Leroyleroy at lal.in2p3.fr


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'Oh, lord have mercy:' Witness captures fatal jet crash
SAN FRANCISCO (CNN) -- "Look at that one -- look at how his nose is up in the air." The big Boeing jetliner looked a bit odd to aircraft buff Fred Hayes as it neared the runway at San Francisco International Airport. It seemed to be low, and its nose was tilted sharply upward.
Then a banging sound echoed across the water, and the jet flipped nose-down and skidded in an orange-and-gray cloud. Hayes captured the scene on video while on a walk with his wife along San Francisco Bay, about a mile away.
"Oh, my God," Hayes said as Asiana Airlines Flight 214 tore into the tarmac and skidded across the ground. "Oh my God. Oh, my God. Oh, lord have mercy."
The crash-landing left two dead and hurt 182 people, six of whom were in critical condition Sunday. But 123 others walked away unhurt.
Hayes and his family were on a weekend visit to San Francisco, where he had a job interview on Friday. He said he had been focusing on a taxiing United Airlines jet when the Asiana flight caught his eye.
"When I caught the plane coming into view, everything looked fine at first until I kind of fixed my gaze on him, and I seen his nose up in the air," Hayes said. "And then I just totally locked on him. I thought he was going to take off and go up, and then he just kept going down."
The Boeing 777 appeared "maybe a little lower than some of the other planes" as it approached, "but I couldn't say that for sure," he told CNN's Don Lemon.
"My initial thought was that with the nose pitched up in the degree that it was that the pilot was maybe trying to divert the landing," said Hayes, who has no background in aviation. "As you can see in the video, it was pretty low at that point and that may or may not have been the case."
Investigators from the National Transportation Safety Board told a similar story Sunday afternoon. Asiana 214 appeared to be too low and too slow as it neared the runway, and the cockpit voice recorder indicates the crew tried to abort the landing less than two seconds before the crash, NTSB Chairman Deborah Hersman told reporters.
Aviation expert Jim Tilmon called the video "remarkable footage" that will likely be analyzed by investigators "over and over again."
Once the jet hit the ground, it skidded nose-down and sideways, spinning counterclockwise and catching fire. Tilmon, a former jetliner pilot himself, told CNN the pilot showed "a fair amount of skill" in keeping the jet from flipping over.
"If that had happened -- my goodness, this would be a completely different kind of report to make today," he said. "Because there would sure have been a great deal more injuries as a result."
Hayes said a "thunder-like" sound rang across the bay when the more than 200-foot-long jetliner slammed into the ground.
"Every time a section hit, you could hear that boom and that sound," he said. After three or four "really big booms," he said, "It just kind of slid and came to a stop."
He and his wife watched as the emergency slides deployed and passengers began to slide down them away from the wrecked jet. He said he hoped crash investigators could learn from the video he shot.
"The only thing we can say is we're just really happy that a lot of people survived, because it wasn't looking good for them folks on that plane for sure," Hayes said.


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Calendar of gene regulation events online
The calendar below lists webinars and meetings relevant to gene regulation. All times below are in GMT (London, UK). The link to export these events to Outlook or Google Calendar is at the bottom of this page. The calendar below includes all virtual events related to gene regulation, not limited to those organised by Fragile Nucleosome. To add your own virtual event that is not yet in our list, please email [email protected]. For a list of conferences and schools in the area of gene regulation, see the separate page "conferences, meetings and schools". Also, have a look at complementary lists of webinars at The Node (developmental biology and related subjects), Physics of Life (biophysics) and mathseminars.org (mathematics & physics).
- This event has passed.
INC Academy
April 7, 2022 @ 4:00 pm - 5:00 pm BST
FreeINC Academy is organised by the International Nucleome Consortium (inc-cost.eu). Our virtual events are every second Thursday at 5 pm CET, 4 pm BST, 8 am PST. These include hands-on tutorials, regular webinars, reports from short-term scientific missions and more. The schedule of future events and the list of past events are provided below.
All past and future events can be found here: https://inc-cost.eu/inc-academy/
The recordings of past events can be found here.


text: Vanilla Butter Sauce: Bring 1 cup firmly packed brown sugar, 1/2 cup (1 stick) butter and 1/2 cup heavy cream to boil in 2-quart saucepan on medium heat. Reduce heat to low; simmer 10 minutes or until slightly thickened. Remove from heat. Stir in 2 tablespoons McCormick® Pure Vanilla Extract. Serve warm. Test Kitchen Tips:


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Home PR News Malcolm Gladwell, Zanana Akande and Other Notables of Caribbean Heritage Honoured in Toronto in March Malcolm Gladwell, Zanana Akande and Other Notables of Caribbean Heritage Honoured in Toronto in March13 years ago·4 min readShareTweetPinShare The University of the West Indies hosts 3rd Annual Benefit Gala in Toronto TORONTO, Jan. 10, 2012 /PRNewswire/ — The University of the West Indies (UWI) is hosting its 3rd Annual Benefit Gala in Toronto, on Saturday March 10, 2012. Under the theme: Light, Learning and Liberty, Canada's business community will honour award-winning author, Malcolm Gladwell, and Zananda Akande, former cabinet minister, as well as other outstanding Canadians: Dr. Pamela Da Camara, Ms. Artis Lane, Dr. Tony MacFarlane, Mr. Lloyd G. Seivwright, Mr. Howard Shearer, Mr. Suresh Sookoo and Mr. Frank Walwyn. Masters of ceremonies at the UWI Gala are award winning journalist and diversity consultant, Hamlin Grange and award-winning journalist Suhana Meharchand, host of CBC News Now. The University Health Network, which includes Toronto Western, Toronto General and Princess Margaret Hospitals, is also being honoured as an outstanding institution that facilitates post-graduate training for a number of UWI medical students in Canada, and for providing exceptional care to its communities. Dr. Herbert Ho Ping Kong, a gold medalist in medicine from UWI, is a senior consulting physician at the University Health Network, Chair in teaching of internal medicine at the University of Toronto and co-founder of the Toronto General and Western Hospital's new Dr. Herbert Ho Ping Kong Centre for Excellence in Education and Practice. "Our internship program provides some of the Caribbean's best medical students with the opportunity to learn and work at a world-class medical facility. In turn, we benefit from the students' different perspectives, persistence and determination that are inherent with UWI," says Dr. Ho Ping Kong. "It's a win-win for everyone." Under the patronage of the Hon. G. Raymond Chang OJ (Order of Jamaica), the UWI Gala is known as a remarkable evening of celebration, embracing Canada's rich diversity while raising funds to benefit students through the UWI Scholarship Fund and the UWI Haitian Initiative. Dr. Chang is a Director of CI Financial where he recently served as CEO and Chair, and Chancellor of Ryerson University. He is also an honorary graduate of UWI and shares this alumni status with an estimated 1,000 leaders in business, judiciary, medicine, law, engineering, nursing, religion, communications and media sectors throughout Canada. "This extraordinary evening celebrates UWI and the leadership of the wider Caribbean community in Canada, as well as outstanding students who themselves will one day lead the way in their own communities in the Caribbean, here in Canada and around the world." Says Chang. He further states, "UWI has a number of sustainable relationships with several universities and colleges across Canada. In fact Ryerson and UWI have collaborated on a number of successful programs." The 2012 Luminary award recipients are outstanding leaders in their community and on the international stage. They include Ms. Zanana Akande, the first black woman elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario and the first woman to serve as a cabinet minister in Canada and Mr. Malcolm Gladwell, an extraordinary journalist, speaker and author of international bestsellers The Tipping Point: How Little Things Make a Big Difference (2000), Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking (2005), Outliers: The Story of Success (2008), and What the Dog Saw: And Other Adventures (2009). This year's Vice Chancellor's Awardees are: Dr. Pamela Da Camara, former Chief & Medical Director of Laboratory Medicine at Toronto East General and medical laboratory pioneer; Ms. Artis Lane, an award-winning Canadian sculptor and painter; Dr. Tony MacFarlane, Internal Medicine and Cultural Philanthropist; Mr. Lloyd G. Seivwright, President of the Supreme Council of Independent United Order of Solomon Inc. Canada, a not-for-profit, charitable and fraternal organization and education advocate; Mr. Howard Shearer, President and Chief Executive Officer of Hitachi Canada Ltd (HCL); Mr. Suresh Sookoo, Chief Executive Officer of RBC's Caribbean Banking; and Mr. Frank Walwyn, LLP was recently named as one of Canada's top lawyers in the area of corporate and commercial litigation. The University of the West Indies 3rd Annual Benefit Gala will take place on Saturday March 10, 2012 at the Four Seasons Hotel, with interview and photo opportunities available for select honourees. Find additional gala details at http://www.uwitorontogala.com and for more timely updates, follow us on Facebook and Twitter.See alsoPR NewsCentral American Internet Users Engage with Many Social Networks, with 97 Percent Using Facebook Building on Success With such a strong Caribbean community in Canada, UWI has initiated a successful Annual Benefit Gala that will continue to strengthen the relationship between Canada and the Caribbean for years to come. The Gala has become a much-anticipated event on the Toronto social calendar. Over the past two years, over 35 scholarships have been awarded to students who are rising stars in the Caribbean. Former honourees include: Dr. The Honourable Harry Belafonte; The Right Honourable Michaelle Jean, Former Deputy Chief of Toronto police Mr. Keith L. Forde; Hon. Michael Lee-Chin OJ; the Honourable Jean Augustine; The Honourable Justice Dr. Irving Andre and Dr. Karl Massiah. The funds from the 2012 UWI Benefit Gala will assist the Haitian Initiative and the UWI Scholarship Fund. About The University of the West Indies The University of the West Indies (UWI) was established in 1948 as a college of the University of London. It achieved full university status in 1962 and today, is the only pan-Caribbean tertiary level institution offering a wide array of diverse and accredited programs to 40,000 students throughout the region, with campuses in Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica and the Eastern Caribbean.
PR NewsCentral American Internet Users Engage with Many Social Networks, with 97 Percent Using Facebook


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A landmark! Five!
Topics and Links:
PodCamp NYC 2.0
Jeffrey Deskovic
Roxanne Darling
Phil Campbell
Christian Payne
EVDO, Christine is a WiFi hotspot (Cradlepoint PHS300)
PodCamp Sessions we discuss:
Video Conversations with Annie (it's SETH Eagelfeld! oops.)
Geo Gellar
Relationships 2.0 with WankerGirl & MissSomething of Spin the Bottle Podcast
Social Media Parenting with Christine (John Herman, Dave LaMorte)
Open ID for Newbies with Joe
So what is PodCamp?
Conference talk- local is niche
Find a local PodCamp- PodCamp wiki
Ira Glass (of This American Life) on Twitter!
Push My Follow on Twitter
Push My Follow on FaceBook


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are at least to my experience one of the best investments when it comes to real estate investments.
If you can afford a block instaed of a single or a portfolio of flat, go for the block.
In my post "Why you should not buy a flat" you can read why.
The income is spread among a couple of renters and the income is very stable, in most (if not all) Berlin areas even growing.
In the right areas growing fast.
How to recognize a good apartment block
- prewar instead of postwar, not only the house, preferably the whole area.
- green is important, a park, trees in the streets.
- good access to public transport is a plus, as most Berliners can drive a car but don't own one.
- urban is better than suburban, go for 5 storied housing area, supply here is limited.


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Virtual – 100% French Second Language Teacher (VON-02)
Position Description
Employment Opportunity:
Virtual – 100% French Second Language Teacher (VON-02)
Who We Are:
An English school board that is dedicated to developing lifelong learners who contribute to society and are prepared for their future. Teachers and staff are committed to academic excellence and the provision of quality education, which encourages social, emotional and moral development.
Key Responsibilities:
prepare and present courses and provide developmental and cognitive learning activities within the guidelines of the authorized programs;
work together with the other teachers and the personnel of the school in order to take the appropriate measures to meet the individual needs of students;
organize and supervise student activities;
provide support and remediation;
supervise students for whom he or she is responsible as well as other students in his or her presence;
evaluate the performance and progress of students for whom he or she is responsible and to report on them to the school administration and to parents according to the system in effect;
monitor the late arrivals and absences of his or her students and to report them to the school administration according to the system in effect;
participate in meetings relating to his or her work;
perform other duties usually assigned to teaching personnel;
choose the appropriate method to prepare and present his or her courses within the guidelines of the authorized programs;
take the necessary measures to enable him or her to attain and maintain a high level of professional competency in keeping with the Education Act;
provide learning and developmental activities to students and shall participate in the development of student life in the school.
Qualification Requirements:
Applicants must hold a "Brevet d'enseignement" or a teaching permit from the province of Quebec or from a Canadian province;
Teaching experience is considered an asset.
Application must include:
Resume (including detailed work history and education background)
A cover letter
Professional references
A valid security background check (if you possess one)
Please ensure your profile with Apply to Education is up to date.
Skills & Competencies:
Excellent communication and interpersonal skills
Ability to adapt to a variety of student needs
Superior organizational skills
Only those candidates chosen for interviews will be contacted.
The Western Quebec School Board is committed to building an educational community with the common purpose to realize the potential of all our students by cultivating a strong corps of support, professional, teaching and administrative excellence. We therefore encourage applications from Indigenous people, as well as from other racialized people groups, persons living with a disability, people of religious faith, and gender minorities.
As an organization, we strive to hire individuals who reflect the communities we serve, and who embody and practice a love of life-long learning, teamwork, and the highest professional ethics. Our efforts to achieve a diverse workforce that contributes to a culturally safe working environment include establishing proactive employment practices to address systemic barriers and removing obstacles to hiring and retaining qualified people.
The Western Québec School Board is required to implement Bill21
The Act respecting the laicity of the State (hereinafter the Act) has created an obligation for certain public organizations, including school boards, to ensure that religious symbols are not worn by specific employees while exercising their functions. The Act specifies that it is incumbent upon the Director General to take the necessary measures to ensure compliance with this new obligation.
The purpose of this Directive is to present the main obligations stemming from the Act and to guide
management personnel in the implementation of any required measure, while respecting, as much as
possible, the values of inclusion, integrity and respect as espoused by the Western Québec School Board.
The Act respecting the laicity of the State
Prohibition regarding the wearing of religious symbols
Principals, vice principals, centre directors, assistant centre directors, and teachers are prohibited from wearing religious symbols in the exercise of their functions.


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RUBY ready to sing her heart out!
RUBY is a youthful female vocalist with a smooth, joyful sound with the power and soul to "kick it out" when needed. Check out RUBY here »
Full Library Access
The massive PowerFX Individual sound library is a split into 2 sections: Loops and Samples and Sound Effects. You can purchase any sound individually or a Full Access License. Learn More »
Sample Titles
PowerFX has a fantastic collection of downloadable sample titles that are great resources for any music producer. We take pride with creating authentic and inspirational loops and sample tiles.
Check them out here »
Sound Sets
A Sound Set is a set of loops and sounds that work together, grouped in a specific genre, with the same tempo and tonal key for easy drag and drop use in the sequencer of your choice.
Check them out here »
DJ Samplr
Power up your DJ set with DJ Samplr, the iPhone app that includes over 300 sounds in a simple "drum pad style" interface with pad tap and hold pitch bend and panning. You can also record, edit and assign your own samples or import sounds via iTunes. Great to use in a live DJ setting or playing around at home, just plug you iPhone into your mixer and jam along with DJ Samplr by dropping in some great sounds or mangling them up with the touch of your finger. Learn More »What we do
For over a decade, PowerFX has produced and digitally distributed the sounds producers, sound editors and musicians have needed. Find out why we have licensed sounds to customers like Apple Computers, Steinberg, Cakewalk, Denon, MOTU, Ableton, SanDisk, Yamaha, SVT or that our samples have appeared on countless of hit tracks, advertisements, television and movies.Sounds from the library
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Sample Titles, Electronica, 140 BPM


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Be the first to learn about our special offers and sales. We promise to keep your information private.
7956 Crestwood Blvd. Irondale, AL 35210
Phone: 205-777-5154
Monday - Saturday: 9:00 AM - 6:00 PM
Sunday: Closed
At Alabama Appliance, our priority is to provide you with exceptional service, which is why we are pleased to announce that we offer shipping to all cities within Alabama, including Prattville. Whether you are located on the East Coast, West Coast, North or South, our products can be delivered directly to your doorstep. We offer a wide variety of products from the most recognized appliance brands such as Electrolux, Bosch, Viking, LG, Thermador, GE, Frigidaire, and more. We carry refrigerators, ranges, dishwashers, wall ovens, washers, dryers, and more.
Thank you for choosing Alabama Appliance as your provider of home appliances in Prattville.
Why choose Alabama Appliance in Prattville?
There are several reasons why you should choose Alabama Appliance as your home appliances supplier, even if you're located in Prattville. First of all, we take pride in offering a wide variety of high-quality appliances to meet our customers' needs. We have a broad selection of appliances so you can find exactly what you need, and we ensure that our appliances are delivered on time to your location in Prattville.
We make sure that all of our home appliances are of the best quality and offer warranties in case of any issues with the product. Our customers trust us to provide them with high-quality appliances, and we always work hard to ensure that their trust in us is well-founded.
Alabama Appliance is the perfect choice for anyone looking for reliable and high-quality home appliances, along with excellent customer service and affordable prices, even if you're located in Prattville. Thank you for choosing us!
Promotions and rebates.
At Alabama Appliance, our priority is to provide you with the best possible shopping experience, even if you're located in Prattville. That's why we offer a wide variety of promotions and discounts on our products. We keep our offers updated constantly, so make sure to stay tuned to save on your purchases!
Remember, at Alabama Appliance, we want you to have the best shopping experience possible. We are always looking for ways to improve our services and offer incredible deals to our customers. Don't miss out on our promotions and discounts!
1. When will my items be shipped after purchase?
We will do our best to ship your items as soon as possible after purchase. If a special order is placed, please allow for a longer delivery time. You will be notified once the item has been received in our warehouse.
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The costs for these services will be determined at the time of purchase or shipping. Visit us for more information click here
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Orders outside of Alabama Appliance's state will NOT be charged sales tax. Orders within Alabama Appliance's state will be charged a 7% sales tax.
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Blues guitarist-singer Christone "Kingfish" Ingram hails from Clarksdale, Miss., a small town where blues culture runs deep.
"Clarksdale is pretty much the mecca of the blues, pretty much the birthplace and the heart of the Mississippi Delta Blues," Ingram says in an interview with NPR's A Martinez. "662 is the area code. It represents the whole north Mississippi Delta."
662 is also the name of Ingram's new album, an exploration of his home and an excavation of their shared musical roots. Though he is just 22 years old, Ingram has already had a successful career for some years, touring all over the world and topping Billboard's Blues Album chart with his debut. Clarksdale has an ingrown connection with the blues that not everywhere has, and sometimes, when on the road, Ingram finds himself having to explain what the blues are: "Life."
"That's pretty much what the blues are," he says. "My life is the ups-and-downs, it's how you're feeling. Clarksdale oozes that in more ways than one for sure."
Listen to A Martinez's interview with Christone "Kingfish" Ingram in the audio player above, and read on for an abbreviated and edited version.
A Martinez, Morning Edition: You know, a couple of songs reference Clarksdale – "Something in the Dirt" is one. You sing, "I played my first gig at a place called Red's / 11 years old, sneaking out of bed." Is that really what happened?
Christone "Kingfish" Ingram: Well, I wasn't sneaking out of bed to go to Red's, but I was sneaking out to play my guitar when I should have been sleeping or doing homework. But yeah, at 11 years old, I played my first show at Red's. I had played before in juke joints, but that was like my first official, paying gig – and that was also my first time being in an old-school style juke joint. It was a new experience for me because back then, you could smoke in the clubs. They had thick smoke everywhere. And there was blues playing on the PA. So, yeah, it was definitely an experience.
If you're playing the blues the way you play it, no one's going to think you're 11. They're going to think you've lived it. You've done things. You've seen things.
Well, I would say at that point in my life, I didn't lose my woman. [Though] me and my mom did go through a little, you know, "situation," as they put it. That may have put the blues in my life.
One song seems autobiographical – "I'm Not Gonna Lie." It goes: Music was my way out / From this poverty and crime / Didn't want to be like that / There's more I had to find.
What more did you have to find?
Well, to answer that, I probably would go back to the first single I put out – a song called "Outside of This Town." I had to find life outside of this town.
My parents went through a bad breakup. I had never seen nothing like that. They always fought. And not only that, when they got divorced, me and my mom had become homeless for a short period of time. We stayed in a dirty hotel. But at the end of the day, you ain't got nowhere else to go to. So I had all that going on.
And I was bigger, so folks at school gotta get on you about that. So I had all this stuff clowning up on me. And my guitar and the blues was pretty much the only way that I would vent my frustration.
Your parents' divorce and being homeless – do you remember the first time you put that into your music?
When I wrote those songs actually, last year. My first record wasn't as personal as this one, and I ... wanted the world to see the growth. How did I get to where I am? You know, some people say kids can't feel the blues. I feel like kids can. You don't necessarily need to leave your woman or nothing like that – folks have got dramatic stuff that happened in their life all the time. And that just happened to be my story.
I remember having a crush when I was a kid and not having that crush fulfilled. That's that's losing something.
Yeah. Well I ain't gonna lie - I got rejected too at lot in school. But when you get used to it, it don't become the blues no more, you know?
Your first album was Kingfish in 2019. I was going to ask you what the difference is between Kingfish and 662.
Just a whole lot of growth, man. Giving my thoughts on what's going on in the world is also growth. On the first record, we kind of restrained a little bit, gave them the traditional blues with some rock stuff thrown in. With this, we want to show the variety.
When you perform, when you're looking out at your audience, who's there? Do you see people your age?
I do, I do. Especially at the front of the stage, because I can tell they're into the guitar playing. I'd say the youngest age that'd be there – probably 15 to 16, because they're with a parent.
What sort of obstacles do you think you had, as a blues artist, in 2021?
Of course, you got COVID. And not only that – I'm also a young Black teenager from the South. And you know, the song that we have, called "Another Life Goes By," talks about the things that we have going on in the world today as far as racism and such. Because with me being a young Black teenager from the South, no matter how good I play guitar, any day that could be me. You know, some people seem to just like the talent, but they don't really like you.
Do you feel a responsibility to mention these things in your music now?
Oh, most definitely. There's definitely a responsibility to mention it in the music, because a lot of folks have this way of thinking that blues is all "my baby left me" and cotton fields and guitar solos, when it's not. Blues was originally protest music. They were really singing about pain and dealing with "Mister Charlie" and all that. The way Leadbelly talked about it, that's what he was saying in his time. And me and a few others, we're looking at what's going on in our time. That's our blues. So yeah, it's pretty much mandatory.
When it comes to history, in the song "Too Young To Remember," you're paying tribute to blues performers that came before you. You sing, "When you see me play the guitar / You're looking back one-hundred years."
It sounds like you're very motivated to carry on the tradition - or maybe take blues in a brand new direction?
I consider that [song] both, because some people look at my music and they say, "it's too outside the box." And there are some, who don't really have much blues knowledge, say that it's too traditional. I just like to be in that grey area and do what I feel because personally, I feel like if you mix a little bit of that outside music into the blues, that's a great way of attracting the younger crowd, the guys my age. And then once you reel them in, you can just sit them down and teach them about the real, raw thing. I've seen it happen plenty of times.
Where do you think blues fits in today? In terms of pop music, hip hop, rap, everything?
Oh, it's the foundation! It's the foundation. People think that it's dead, but blues is definitely alive because you can actually hear it in all those genres of music. The roots are always going to be there. All those moments of music that you just named are pretty much the branches.
I just mentioned that you're 22 years old. I'm wondering if you've started to think about your place in music. There's a quote from us at NPR Music that calls you "a rising blues prodigy, a torchbearer." That sounds like you're the face of this whole thing. I mean, have you thought about that at 22?
I'll be honest with you: No, not at all. I feel like I'm one of the torchbearers, it's me and a few others that are taking this on. I just want to be the one to shatter the stereotype – for many years, I even heard my own people say that young Black kids are not into blues music. I just want to be one of the ones that just take that stereotype away, that's all. And that's pretty much how I want to be seen.
Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.