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This article is more than 1 year old
Canadian flyboy prangs CF-18 Hornet
Dramatic last-second ejection caught on camera
Canadian flyboy Captain Brian Bews had a narrow escape last Friday when his CF-18 Hornet decided to give up the ghost during a practice run at an airshow at Lethbridge airport in Alberta.
Bews' injuries following his low-level ejection were described as "non-life threatening", although he's probably lost his no-claims bonus, as CNN's footage of the almighty prang shows. ®
For our US readers, who've apparently fallen foul of CNN's regional copyright skullduggery, here's AP's take on the matter:

subset: commoncrawl


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Planning to stay in a hotel for your vacation is so '90s. The emergence of the internet and websites like Airbnb, VRBO, TripAdvisor and more have made it possible for travelers to feel right at home in a new city ... because they're staying in someone else's home and renting it for vacation.
Vacation rentals are a great way to get to know an area like the locals do. They're often more spacious than hotel rooms, and unless you're booking a hotel suite, you'll also typically have access to amenities like a full kitchen.
Of course, there's always a risk to using a vacation rental instead of a hotel -- for example, some rentals might not have internet access, some might be inconveniently located for what you want to do, and there are people posting homes that aren't really theirs and taking money as part of a scam. (This is much more popular on open websites like Craigslist than targeted ones like Airbnb, for what it's worth.)
How do you make sure that you're choosing the right spot for your vacation experience? Here's a quick guide to how to find the right vacation rental for your visit.
Decide where you're going
Maybe you want to ski in Tahoe or sun yourself on Miami Beach. Before you can start seriously looking at vacation homes to rent, it's smart to decide where you want to go for a vacation and what you want to see and do while you're there.
This seems easy, but most of us have several places we'd like to go given enough time and money. The key is in prioritization -- and consulting your fellow vacationers, of course. Make a list of any places you wanted to go that didn't make the cut and save it for the next vacation.
Decide what you want in a rental
Sometimes you can find a great deal on a vacation rental that will save you hundreds of dollars on your vacation ... but that rental might be located miles and miles from any major attractions, meaning you'll either have to rent a car, take public transportation (if available), or take on another expense to get where you want to go.
By contrast, a place right on the slopes (or the shore) might be more expensive than the other options, but you're paying in part for convenience. Is that something you're willing to do?
Make another list of the features you must have in your vacation rental, from location to a number of beds to whether you need an internet connection. Think about how much cooking (or not) you'll want to do, whether you want to be close to restaurants or public transportation -- in other words, make a list of your ideal vacation rental for this trip.
One nice thing about platforms like Airbnb and VRBO.com is the filter application; you can include your must-haves and the search results will only generate vacation rentals that meet your exact criteria. So it pays to decide what those criteria are before you jump into the search.
Plan ahead
If you haven't already selected dates for your trip, start checking to see what the busy and slow times of year (or season) are for the area where you want to vacation.
Maybe you want to hit a big event that's going to be insanely popular. In that case, start planning as early as possible, and book your rental as early as you can, too -- the rates will only get higher if you wait.
If it doesn't really matter when you go, try to plan around any big events that could boost prices while you're in town to find the best deal possible.
Google Map it
Once you start looking at actual homes, do yourself a favor and check out the neighborhoods and streets where those homes are located.
You might find something that's lovely and impeccable on the inside, but if the general feel of the area doesn't seem safe or polished to you, then maybe you should pass. Pay attention to major thoroughfares and attractions, too, so that you know there's a highway behind the home that might keep you up at night or a concert hall that might be a little loud down the street.
The maps can also show you quickly which retail stores and restaurants are nearby, where the vacation rental is in regard to public transportation, whether the sidewalks are clean and well-maintained or trash-ridden and cracking -- you can learn a lot from this step, so don't skip it.
Read the reviews
Airbnb, VRBO.com, and other reputable vacation rental sites will have a review section -- don't ignore it.
Those reviews are written by other vacationers who stayed in the home. They often report on things like cleanliness, noise levels, whether the photos were representative of the home -- all things you'll absolutely want to know before you fork over money for a week in the place.
You can also see (to an extent) who left the reviews, how often they travel, how highly their own hosts rate them (a bad review from a poorly rated guest can probably be safely ignored), and then decide from there how valid you think their opinion is (or is not).
Ask about amenities
Is there wifi in the vacation rental? That might be something you can filter out with search results, but other questions might not have handy answers -- like, "do you make towels available for beach use," "can I park in the garage," and "is there a Nespresso machine in the kitchen."
Look at your list of must-have criteria and ask yourself if you can confirm that the vacation rental has (or does not have) the items on that list. If there are any missing, ask the host about them. It's possible that accommodations could be made, but you'll never know unless you ask!
Ask about fees
Will your host charge for additional guests, and what's the standard nightly cleaning fee? Can you access the vacation rental's pool, or does that cost extra? When you're close to deciding that this is the right place for you, contact the host (if you haven't already) and ask about any additional fees or costs associated with staying there.
Not only will this help you budget, but getting an answer in writing can also protect you from any unknown charges if the host is an unscrupulous sort. Better safe than sorry.
Solicit suggestions for things to do
Most good hosts will do this without asking, but it's always nice to ask the people who own the home (and have presumably lived in it) for tips on things to do and how to make the most of your time in the area.
Some good questions to ask hosts if you can't think of any yourself:
What's your favorite place to eat in the area?
What route do you talk about when you want to take a walk?
Where do you go when you want some quiet time outside of the house? Where do you go when you want to meet new people?
Where can you find the best live music in the neighborhood?
What's the parking situation like? (If you have a car.)
What activities for kids or families are available?
Is there anything I should know about the neighbors?
When you take the time to plan ahead, finding (and renting) a vacation home, even if for the first time, is both easy and rewarding.


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Network Working Group S. Bradner Request for Comments: 2418 Editor Obsoletes: 1603 Harvard University BCP: 25 September 1998 Category: Best Current Practice IETF Working Group Guidelines and Procedures Status of this Memo This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved. Abstract The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has responsibility for developing and reviewing specifications intended as Internet Standards. IETF activities are organized into working groups (WGs). This document describes the guidelines and procedures for formation and operation of IETF working groups. It also describes the formal relationship between IETF participants WG and the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG) and the basic duties of IETF participants, including WG Chairs, WG participants, and IETF Area Directors. Table of Contents Abstract ......................................................... 1 1. Introduction .................................................. 2 1.1. IETF approach to standardization .......................... 4 1.2. Roles within a Working Group .............................. 4 2. Working group formation ....................................... 4 2.1. Criteria for formation .................................... 4 2.2. Charter ................................................... 6 2.3. Charter review & approval ................................. 8 2.4. Birds of a feather (BOF) .................................. 9 3. Working Group Operation ....................................... 10 3.1. Session planning .......................................... 11 3.2. Session venue ............................................. 11 3.3. Session management ........................................ 13 3.4. Contention and appeals .................................... 15 4. Working Group Termination ..................................... 15 5. Rechartering a Working Group .................................. 15 6. Staff Roles ................................................... 16 6.1. WG Chair .................................................. 16 6.2. WG Secretary .............................................. 18 6.3. Document Editor ........................................... 18 6.4. WG Facilitator ............................................ 18 6.5. Design teams .............................................. 19 6.6. Working Group Consultant .................................. 19 6.7. Area Director ............................................. 19 7. Working Group Documents ....................................... 19 7.1. Session documents ......................................... 19 7.2. Internet-Drafts (I-D) ..................................... 19 7.3. Request For Comments (RFC) ................................ 20 7.4. Working Group Last-Call ................................... 20 7.5. Submission of documents ................................... 21 8. Review of documents ........................................... 21 9. Security Considerations ....................................... 22 10. Acknowledgments .............................................. 23 11. References ................................................... 23 12. Editor's Address ............................................. 23 Appendix: Sample Working Group Charter .......................... 24 Full Copyright Statement ......................................... 26 1. Introduction The Internet, a loosely-organized international collaboration of autonomous, interconnected networks, supports host-to-host communication through voluntary adherence to open protocols and procedures defined by Internet Standards. There are also many isolated interconnected networks, which are not connected to the global Internet but use the Internet Standards. Internet Standards are developed in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). This document defines guidelines and procedures for IETF working groups. The Internet Standards Process of the IETF is defined in [1]. The organizations involved in the IETF Standards Process are described in [2] as are the roles of specific individuals. The IETF is a large, open community of network designers, operators, vendors, users, and researchers concerned with the Internet and the technology used on it. The primary activities of the IETF are performed by committees known as working groups. There are currently more than 100 working groups. (See the IETF web page for an up-to- date list of IETF Working Groups - http://www.ietf.org.) Working groups tend to have a narrow focus and a lifetime bounded by the completion of a specific set of tasks, although there are exceptions. For management purposes, the IETF working groups are collected together into areas, with each area having a separate focus. For example, the security area deals with the development of security- related technology. Each IETF area is managed by one or two Area Directors (ADs). There are currently 8 areas in the IETF but the number changes from time to time. (See the IETF web page for a list of the current areas, the Area Directors for each area, and a list of which working groups are assigned to each area.) In many areas, the Area Directors have formed an advisory group or directorate. These comprise experienced members of the IETF and the technical community represented by the area. The specific name and the details of the role for each group differ from area to area, but the primary intent is that these groups assist the Area Director(s), e.g., with the review of specifications produced in the area. The IETF area directors are selected by a nominating committee, which also selects an overall chair for the IETF. The nominations process is described in [3]. The area directors sitting as a body, along with the IETF Chair, comprise the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). The IETF Executive Director is an ex-officio participant of the IESG, as are the IAB Chair and a designated Internet Architecture Board (IAB) liaison. The IESG approves IETF Standards and approves the publication of other IETF documents. (See [1].) A small IETF Secretariat provides staff and administrative support for the operation of the IETF. There is no formal membership in the IETF. Participation is open to all. This participation may be by on-line contribution, attendance at face-to-face sessions, or both. Anyone from the Internet community who has the time and interest is urged to participate in IETF meetings and any of its on-line working group discussions. Participation is by individual technical contributors, rather than by formal representatives of organizations. This document defines procedures and guidelines for the formation and operation of working groups in the IETF. It defines the relations of working groups to other bodies within the IETF. The duties of working group Chairs and Area Directors with respect to the operation of the working group are also defined. When used in this document the key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [6]. RFC 2119 defines the use of these key words to help make the intent of standards track documents as clear as possible. The same key words are used in this document to help smooth WG operation and reduce the chance for confusion about the processes. 1.1. IETF approach to standardization Familiarity with The Internet Standards Process [1] is essential for a complete understanding of the philosophy, procedures and guidelines described in this document. 1.2. Roles within a Working Group The document, "Organizations Involved in the IETF Standards Process" [2] describes the roles of a number of individuals within a working group, including the working group chair and the document editor. These descriptions are expanded later in this document. 2. Working group formation IETF working groups (WGs) are the primary mechanism for development of IETF specifications and guidelines, many of which are intended to be standards or recommendations. A working group may be established at the initiative of an Area Director or it may be initiated by an individual or group of individuals. Anyone interested in creating an IETF working group MUST obtain the advice and consent of the IETF Area Director(s) in whose area the working group would fall and MUST proceed through the formal steps detailed in this section. Working groups are typically created to address a specific problem or to produce one or more specific deliverables (a guideline, standards specification, etc.). Working groups are generally expected to be short-lived in nature. Upon completion of its goals and achievement of its objectives, the working group is terminated. A working group may also be terminated for other reasons (see section 4). Alternatively, with the concurrence of the IESG, Area Director, the WG Chair, and the WG participants, the objectives or assignment of the working group may be extended by modifying the working group's charter through a rechartering process (see section 5). 2.1. Criteria for formation When determining whether it is appropriate to create a working group, the Area Director(s) and the IESG will consider several issues: - Are the issues that the working group plans to address clear and relevant to the Internet community? - Are the goals specific and reasonably achievable, and achievable within a reasonable time frame? - What are the risks and urgency of the work, to determine the level of effort required? - Do the working group's activities overlap with those of another working group? If so, it may still be appropriate to create the working group, but this question must be considered carefully by the Area Directors as subdividing efforts often dilutes the available technical expertise. - Is there sufficient interest within the IETF in the working group's topic with enough people willing to expend the effort to produce the desired result (e.g., a protocol specification)? Working groups require considerable effort, including management of the working group process, editing of working group documents, and contributing to the document text. IETF experience suggests that these roles typically cannot all be handled by one person; a minimum of four or five active participants in the management positions are typically required in addition to a minimum of one or two dozen people that will attend the working group meetings and contribute on the mailing list. NOTE: The interest must be broad enough that a working group would not be seen as merely the activity of a single vendor. - Is there enough expertise within the IETF in the working group's topic, and are those people interested in contributing in the working group? - Does a base of interested consumers (end-users) appear to exist for the planned work? Consumer interest can be measured by participation of end-users within the IETF process, as well as by less direct means. - Does the IETF have a reasonable role to play in the determination of the technology? There are many Internet-related technologies that may be interesting to IETF members but in some cases the IETF may not be in a position to effect the course of the technology in the "real world". This can happen, for example, if the technology is being developed by another standards body or an industry consortium. - Are all known intellectual property rights relevant to the proposed working group's efforts issues understood? - Is the proposed work plan an open IETF effort or is it an attempt to "bless" non-IETF technology where the effect of input from IETF participants may be limited? - Is there a good understanding of any existing work that is relevant to the topics that the proposed working group is to pursue? This includes work within the IETF and elsewhere. - Do the working group's goals overlap with known work in another standards body, and if so is adequate liaison in place? Considering the above criteria, the Area Director(s), using his or her best judgement, will decide whether to pursue the formation of the group through the chartering process. 2.2. Charter The formation of a working group requires a charter which is primarily negotiated between a prospective working group Chair and the relevant Area Director(s), although final approval is made by the IESG with advice from the Internet Architecture Board (IAB). A charter is a contract between a working group and the IETF to perform a set of tasks. A charter: 1. Lists relevant administrative information for the working group; 2. Specifies the direction or objectives of the working group and describes the approach that will be taken to achieve the goals; and 3. Enumerates a set of milestones together with time frames for their completion. When the prospective Chair(s), the Area Director and the IETF Secretariat are satisfied with the charter form and content, it becomes the basis for forming a working group. Note that an Area Director MAY require holding an exploratory Birds of a Feather (BOF) meeting, as described below, to gage the level of support for a working group before submitting the charter to the IESG and IAB for approval. Charters may be renegotiated periodically to reflect the current status, organization or goals of the working group (see section 5). Hence, a charter is a contract between the IETF and the working group which is committing to meet explicit milestones and delivering specific "products". Specifically, each charter consists of the following sections: Working group name A working group name should be reasonably descriptive or identifiable. Additionally, the group shall define an acronym (maximum 8 printable ASCII characters) to reference the group in the IETF directories, mailing lists, and general documents. Chair(s) The working group may have one or more Chairs to perform the administrative functions of the group. The email address(es) of the Chair(s) shall be included. Generally, a working group is limited to two chairs. Area and Area Director(s) The name of the IETF area with which the working group is affiliated and the name and electronic mail address of the associated Area Director(s). Responsible Area Director The Area Director who acts as the primary IESG contact for the working group. Mailing list An IETF working group MUST have a general Internet mailing list. Most of the work of an IETF working group will be conducted on the mailing list. The working group charter MUST include: 1. The address to which a participant sends a subscription request and the procedures to follow when subscribing, 2. The address to which a participant sends submissions and special procedures, if any, and 3. The location of the mailing list archive. A message archive MUST be maintained in a public place which can be accessed via FTP or via the web. As a service to the community, the IETF Secretariat operates a mailing list archive for working group mailing lists. In order to take advantage of this service, working group mailing lists MUST include the address "email@example.com" (where "wg_acronym" is the working group acronym) in the mailing list in order that a copy of all mailing list messages be recorded in the Secretariat's archive. Those archives arelocated at ftp://ftp.ietf.org/ietf-mail-archive. For robustness, WGs SHOULD maintain an additional archive separate from that maintained by the Secretariat. Description of working group The focus and intent of the group shall be set forth briefly. By reading this section alone, an individual should be able to decide whether this group is relevant to their own work. The first paragraph must give a brief summary of the problem area, basis, goal(s) and approach(es) planned for the working group. This paragraph can be used as an overview of the working group's effort. To facilitate evaluation of the intended work and to provide on- going guidance to the working group, the charter must describe the problem being solved and should discuss objectives and expected impact with respect to: - Architecture - Operations - Security - Network management - Scaling - Transition (where applicable) Goals and milestones The working group charter MUST establish a timetable for specific work items. While this may be renegotiated over time, the list of milestones and dates facilitates the Area Director's tracking of working group progress and status, and it is indispensable to potential participants identifying the critical moments for input. Milestones shall consist of deliverables that can be qualified as showing specific achievement; e.g., "Internet-Draft finished" is fine, but "discuss via email" is not. It is helpful to specify milestones for every 3-6 months, so that progress can be gauged easily. This milestone list is expected to be updated periodically (see section 5). An example of a WG charter is included as Appendix A. 2.3. Charter review & approval Proposed working groups often comprise technically competent participants who are not familiar with the history of Internet architecture or IETF processes. This can, unfortunately, lead to good working group consensus about a bad design. To facilitate working group efforts, an Area Director may assign a Consultant from among the ranks of senior IETF participants. (Consultants are described in section 6.) At the discretion of the Area Director, approval of a new WG may be withheld in the absence of sufficient consultant resources. Once the Area Director (and the Area Directorate, as the Area Director deems appropriate) has approved the working group charter, the charter is submitted for review by the IAB and approval by the IESG. After a review period of at least a week the proposed charter is posted to the IETF-announce mailing list as a public notice that the formation of the working group is being considered. At the same time the proposed charter is also posted to the "new-work" mailing list. This mailing list has been created to let qualified representatives from other standards organizations know about pending IETF working groups. After another review period lasting at least a week the IESG MAY approve the charter as-is, it MAY request that changes be made in the charter, or MAY decline to approve chartering of the working group If the IESG approves the formation of the working group it remands the approved charter to the IETF Secretariat who records and enters the information into the IETF tracking database. The working group is announced to the IETF-announce a by the IETF Secretariat. 2.4. Birds of a Feather (BOF) Often it is not clear whether an issue merits the formation of a working group. To facilitate exploration of the issues the IETF offers the possibility of a Birds of a Feather (BOF) session, as well as the early formation of an email list for preliminary discussion. In addition, a BOF may serve as a forum for a single presentation or discussion, without any intent to form a working group. A BOF is a session at an IETF meeting which permits "market research" and technical "brainstorming". Any individual may request permission to hold a BOF on a subject. The request MUST be filed with a relevant Area Director who must approve a BOF before it can be scheduled. The person who requests the BOF may be asked to serve as Chair of the BOF. The Chair of the BOF is also responsible for providing a report on the outcome of the BOF. If the Area Director approves, the BOF is then scheduled by submitting a request to email@example.com with copies to the Area Director(s). A BOF description and agenda are required before a BOF can be scheduled. Available time for BOFs is limited, and BOFs are held at the discretion of the ADs for an area. The AD(s) may require additional assurances before authorizing a BOF. For example, - The Area Director MAY require the establishment of an open email list prior to authorizing a BOF. This permits initial exchanges and sharing of framework, vocabulary and approaches, in order to make the time spent in the BOF more productive. - The Area Director MAY require that a BOF be held, prior to establishing a working group (see section 2.2). - The Area Director MAY require that there be a draft of the WG charter prior to holding a BOF. - The Area Director MAY require that a BOF not be held until an Internet-Draft describing the proposed technology has been published so it can be used as a basis for discussion in the BOF. In general, a BOF on a particular topic is held only once (ONE slot at one IETF Plenary meeting). Under unusual circumstances Area Directors may, at their discretion, allow a BOF to meet for a second time. BOFs are not permitted to meet three times. Note that all other things being equal, WGs will be given priority for meeting space over BOFs. Also, occasionally BOFs may be held for other purposes than to discuss formation of a working group. Usually the outcome of a BOF will be one of the following: - There was enough interest and focus in the subject to warrant the formation of a WG; - While there was a reasonable level of interest expressed in the BOF some other criteria for working group formation was not met (see section 2.1). - The discussion came to a fruitful conclusion, with results to be written down and published, however there is no need to establish a WG; or - There was not enough interest in the subject to warrant the formation of a WG. 3. Working Group Operation The IETF has basic requirements for open and fair participation and for thorough consideration of technical alternatives. Within those constraints, working groups are autonomous and each determines most of the details of its own operation with respect to session participation, reaching closure, etc. The core rule for operation is that acceptance or agreement is achieved via working group "rough consensus". WG participants should specifically note the requirements for disclosure of conflicts of interest in [2]. A number of procedural questions and issues will arise over time, and it is the function of the Working Group Chair(s) to manage the group process, keeping in mind that the overall purpose of the group is to make progress towards reaching rough consensus in realizing the working group's goals and objectives. There are few hard and fast rules on organizing or conducting working group activities, but a set of guidelines and practices has evolved over time that have proven successful. These are listed here, with actual choices typically determined by the working group participants and the Chair(s). 3.1. Session planning For coordinated, structured WG interactions, the Chair(s) MUST publish a draft agenda well in advance of the actual session. The agenda should contain at least: - The items for discussion; - The estimated time necessary per item; and - A clear indication of what documents the participants will need to read before the session in order to be well prepared. Publication of the working group agenda shall include sending a copy of the agenda to the working group mailing list and to email@example.com. All working group actions shall be taken in a public forum, and wide participation is encouraged. A working group will conduct much of its business via electronic mail distribution lists but may meet periodically to discuss and review task status and progress, to resolve specific issues and to direct future activities. IETF Plenary meetings are the primary venue for these face-to-face working group sessions, and it is common (though not required) that active "interim" face-to-face meetings, telephone conferences, or video conferences may also be held. Interim meetings are subject to the same rules for advance notification, reporting, open participation, and process, which apply to other working group meetings. All working group sessions (including those held outside of the IETF meetings) shall be reported by making minutes available. These minutes should include the agenda for the session, an account of the discussion including any decisions made, and a list of attendees. The Working Group Chair is responsible for insuring that session minutes are written and distributed, though the actual task may be performed by someone designated by the Working Group Chair. The minutes shall be submitted in printable ASCII text for publication in the IETF Proceedings, and for posting in the IETF Directories and are to be sent to: email@example.com 3.2. Session venue Each working group will determine the balance of email and face-to- face sessions that is appropriate for achieving its milestones. Electronic mail permits the widest participation; face-to-face meetings often permit better focus and therefore can be more efficient for reaching a consensus among a core of the working group participants. In determining the balance, the WG must ensure that its process does not serve to exclude contribution by email-only participants. Decisions reached during a face-to-face meeting about topics or issues which have not been discussed on the mailing list, or are significantly different from previously arrived mailing list consensus MUST be reviewed on the mailing list. IETF Meetings If a WG needs a session at an IETF meeting, the Chair must apply for time-slots as soon as the first announcement of that IETF meeting is made by the IETF Secretariat to the WG-chairs list. Session time is a scarce resource at IETF meetings, so placing requests early will facilitate schedule coordination for WGs requiring the same set of experts. The application for a WG session at an IETF meeting MUST be made to the IETF Secretariat at the address email@example.com. Some Area Directors may want to coordinate WG sessions in their area and request that time slots be coordinated through them. If this is the case it will be noted in the IETF meeting announcement. A WG scheduling request MUST contain: - The working group name and full title; - The amount of time requested; - The rough outline of the WG agenda that is expected to be covered; - The estimated number of people that will attend the WG session; - Related WGs that should not be scheduled for the same time slot(s); and - Optionally a request can be added for the WG session to be transmitted over the Internet in audio and video. NOTE: While open discussion and contribution is essential to working group success, the Chair is responsible for ensuring forward progress. When acceptable to the WG, the Chair may call for restricted participation (but not restricted attendance!) at IETF working group sessions for the purpose of achieving progress. The Working Group Chair then has the authority to refuse to grant the floor to any individual who is unprepared or otherwise covering inappropriate material, or who, in the opinion of the Chair is disrupting the WG process. The Chair should consult with the Area Director(s) if the individual persists in disruptive behavior. On-line It can be quite useful to conduct email exchanges in the same manner as a face-to-face session, with published schedule and agenda, as well as on-going summarization and consensus polling. Many working group participants hold that mailing list discussion is the best place to consider and resolve issues and make decisions. The choice of operational style is made by the working group itself. It is important to note, however, that Internet email discussion is possible for a much wider base of interested persons than is attendance at IETF meetings, due to the time and expense required to attend. As with face-to-face sessions occasionally one or more individuals may engage in behavior on a mailing list which disrupts the WG's progress. In these cases the Chair should attempt to discourage the behavior by communication directly with the offending individual rather than on the open mailing list. If the behavior persists then the Chair must involve the Area Director in the issue. As a last resort and after explicit warnings, the Area Director, with the approval of the IESG, may request that the mailing list maintainer block the ability of the offending individual to post to the mailing list. (If the mailing list software permits this type of operation.) Even if this is done, the individual must not be prevented from receiving messages posted to the list. Other methods of mailing list control may be considered but must be approved by the AD(s) and the IESG. 3.3. Session management Working groups make decisions through a "rough consensus" process. IETF consensus does not require that all participants agree although this is, of course, preferred. In general, the dominant view of the working group shall prevail. (However, it must be noted that "dominance" is not to be determined on the basis of volume or persistence, but rather a more general sense of agreement.) Consensus can be determined by a show of hands, humming, or any other means on which the WG agrees (by rough consensus, of course). Note that 51% of the working group does not qualify as "rough consensus" and 99% is better than rough. It is up to the Chair to determine if rough consensus has been reached. It can be particularly challenging to gauge the level of consensus on a mailing list. There are two different cases where a working group may be trying to understand the level of consensus via a mailing list discussion. But in both cases the volume of messages on a topic is not, by itself, a good indicator of consensus since one or two individuals may be generating much of the traffic. In the case where a consensus which has been reached during a face- to-face meeting is being verified on a mailing list the people who were in the meeting and expressed agreement must be taken into account. If there were 100 people in a meeting and only a few people on the mailing list disagree with the consensus of the meeting then the consensus should be seen as being verified. Note that enough time should be given to the verification process for the mailing list readers to understand and consider any objections that may be raised on the list. The normal two week last-call period should be sufficient for this. The other case is where the discussion has been held entirely over the mailing list. The determination of the level of consensus may be harder to do in this case since most people subscribed to mailing lists do not actively participate in discussions on the list. It is left to the discretion of the working group chair how to evaluate the level of consensus. The most common method used is for the working group chair to state what he or she believes to be the consensus view and. at the same time, requests comments from the list about the stated conclusion. The challenge to managing working group sessions is to balance the need for open and fair consideration of the issues against the need to make forward progress. The working group, as a whole, has the final responsibility for striking this balance. The Chair has the responsibility for overseeing the process but may delegate direct process management to a formally-designated Facilitator. It is occasionally appropriate to revisit a topic, to re-evaluate alternatives or to improve the group's understanding of a relevant decision. However, unnecessary repeated discussions on issues can be avoided if the Chair makes sure that the main arguments in the discussion (and the outcome) are summarized and archived after a discussion has come to conclusion. It is also good practice to note important decisions/consensus reached by email in the minutes of the next 'live' session, and to summarize briefly the decision-making history in the final documents the WG produces. To facilitate making forward progress, a Working Group Chair may wish to decide to reject or defer the input from a member, based upon the following criteria: Old The input pertains to a topic that already has been resolved and is redundant with information previously available; Minor The input is new and pertains to a topic that has already been resolved, but it is felt to be of minor import to the existing decision; Timing The input pertains to a topic that the working group has not yet opened for discussion; or Scope The input is outside of the scope of the working group charter. 3.4. Contention and appeals Disputes are possible at various stages during the IETF process. As much as possible the process is designed so that compromises can be made, and genuine consensus achieved; however, there are times when even the most reasonable and knowledgeable people are unable to agree. To achieve the goals of openness and fairness, such conflicts must be resolved by a process of open review and discussion. Formal procedures for requesting a review of WG, Chair, Area Director or IESG actions and conducting appeals are documented in The Internet Standards Process [1]. 4. Working Group Termination Working groups are typically chartered to accomplish a specific task or tasks. After the tasks are complete, the group will be disbanded. However, if a WG produces a Proposed or Draft Standard, the WG will frequently become dormant rather than disband (i.e., the WG will no longer conduct formal activities, but the mailing list will remain available to review the work as it moves to Draft Standard and Standard status.) If, at some point, it becomes evident that a working group is unable to complete the work outlined in the charter, or if the assumptions which that work was based have been modified in discussion or by experience, the Area Director, in consultation with the working group can either: 1. Recharter to refocus its tasks, 2. Choose new Chair(s), or 3. Disband. If the working group disagrees with the Area Director's choice, it may appeal to the IESG (see section 3.4). 5. Rechartering a Working Group Updated milestones are renegotiated with the Area Director and the IESG, as needed, and then are submitted to the IESG Secretariat: firstname.lastname@example.com. Rechartering (other than revising milestones) a working group follows the same procedures that the initial chartering does (see section 2). The revised charter must be submitted to the IESG and IAB for approval. As with the initial chartering, the IESG may approve new charter as-is, it may request that changes be made in the new charter (including having the Working Group continue to use the old charter), or it may decline to approve the rechartered working group. In the latter case, the working group is disbanded. 6. Staff Roles Working groups require considerable care and feeding. In addition to general participation, successful working groups benefit from the efforts of participants filling specific functional roles. The Area Director must agree to the specific people performing the WG Chair, and Working Group Consultant roles, and they serve at the discretion of the Area Director. 6.1. WG Chair The Working Group Chair is concerned with making forward progress through a fair and open process, and has wide discretion in the conduct of WG business. The Chair must ensure that a number of tasks are performed, either directly or by others assigned to the tasks. The Chair has the responsibility and the authority to make decisions, on behalf of the working group, regarding all matters of working group process and staffing, in conformance with the rules of the IETF. The AD has the authority and the responsibility to assist in making those decisions at the request of the Chair or when circumstances warrant such an intervention. The Chair's responsibility encompasses at least the following: Ensure WG process and content management The Chair has ultimate responsibility for ensuring that a working group achieves forward progress and meets its milestones. The Chair is also responsible to ensure that the working group operates in an open and fair manner. For some working groups, this can be accomplished by having the Chair perform all management-related activities. In other working groups -- particularly those with large or divisive participation -- it is helpful to allocate process and/or secretarial functions to other participants. Process management pertains strictly to the style of working group interaction and not to its content. It ensures fairness and detects redundancy. The secretarial function encompasses document editing. It is quite common for a working group to assign the task of specification Editor to one or two participants. Sometimes, they also are part of the design team, described below. Moderate the WG email list The Chair should attempt to ensure that the discussions on this list are relevant and that they converge to consensus agreements. The Chair should make sure that discussions on the list are summarized and that the outcome is well documented (to avoid repetition). The Chair also may choose to schedule organized on- line "sessions" with agenda and deliverables. These can be structured as true meetings, conducted over the course of several days (to allow participation across the Internet). Organize, prepare and chair face-to-face and on-line formal sessions. Plan WG Sessions The Chair must plan and announce all WG sessions well in advance (see section 3.1). Communicate results of sessions The Chair and/or Secretary must ensure that minutes of a session are taken and that an attendance list is circulated (see section 3.1). Immediately after a session, the WG Chair MUST provide the Area Director with a very short report (approximately one paragraph, via email) on the session. Distribute the workload Of course, each WG will have participants who may not be able (or want) to do any work at all. Most of the time the bulk of the work is done by a few dedicated participants. It is the task of the Chair to motivate enough experts to allow for a fair distribution of the workload. Document development Working groups produce documents and documents need authors. The Chair must make sure that authors of WG documents incorporate changes as agreed to by the WG (see section 6.3). Document publication The Chair and/or Document Editor will work with the RFC Editor to ensure document conformance with RFC publication requirements [5] and to coordinate any editorial changes suggested by the RFC Editor. A particular concern is that all participants are working from the same version of a document at the same time. Document implementations Under the procedures described in [1], the Chair is responsible for documenting the specific implementations which qualify the specification for Draft or Internet Standard status along with documentation about testing of the interoperation of these implementations. 6.2. WG Secretary Taking minutes and editing working group documents often is performed by a specifically-designated participant or set of participants. In this role, the Secretary's job is to record WG decisions, rather than to perform basic specification. 6.3. Document Editor Most IETF working groups focus their efforts on a document, or set of documents, that capture the results of the group's work. A working group generally designates a person or persons to serve as the Editor for a particular document. The Document Editor is responsible for ensuring that the contents of the document accurately reflect the decisions that have been made by the working group. As a general practice, the Working Group Chair and Document Editor positions are filled by different individuals to help ensure that the resulting documents accurately reflect the consensus of the working group and that all processes are followed. 6.4. WG Facilitator When meetings tend to become distracted or divisive, it often is helpful to assign the task of "process management" to one participant. Their job is to oversee the nature, rather than the content, of participant interactions. That is, they attend to the style of the discussion and to the schedule of the agenda, rather than making direct technical contributions themselves. 6.5. Design teams It is often useful, and perhaps inevitable, for a sub-group of a working group to develop a proposal to solve a particular problem. Such a sub-group is called a design team. In order for a design team to remain small and agile, it is acceptable to have closed membership and private meetings. Design teams may range from an informal chat between people in a hallway to a formal set of expert volunteers that the WG chair or AD appoints to attack a controversial problem. The output of a design team is always subject to approval, rejection or modification by the WG as a whole. 6.6. Working Group Consultant At the discretion of the Area Director, a Consultant may be assigned to a working group. Consultants have specific technical background appropriate to the WG and experience in Internet architecture and IETF process. 6.7. Area Director Area Directors are responsible for ensuring that working groups in their area produce coherent, coordinated, architecturally consistent and timely output as a contribution to the overall results of the IETF. 7. Working Group Documents 7.1. Session documents All relevant documents to be discussed at a session should be published and available as Internet-Drafts at least two weeks before a session starts. Any document which does not meet this publication deadline can only be discussed in a working group session with the specific approval of the working group chair(s). Since it is important that working group members have adequate time to review all documents, granting such an exception should only be done under unusual conditions. The final session agenda should be posted to the working group mailing list at least two weeks before the session and sent at that time to firstname.lastname@example.com for publication on the IETF web site. 7.2. Internet-Drafts (I-D) The Internet-Drafts directory is provided to working groups as a resource for posting and disseminating in-process copies of working group documents. This repository is replicated at various locations around the Internet. It is encouraged that draft documents be posted as soon as they become reasonably stable. It is stressed here that Internet-Drafts are working documents and have no official standards status whatsoever. They may, eventually, turn into a standards-track document or they may sink from sight. Internet-Drafts are submitted to: email@example.com The format of an Internet-Draft must be the same as for an RFC [2]. Further, an I-D must contain: - Beginning, standard, boilerplate text which is provided by the Secretariat on their web site and in the ftp directory; - The I-D filename; and - The expiration date for the I-D. Complete specification of requirements for an Internet-Draft are found in the file "1id-guidelines.txt" in the Internet-Drafts directory at an Internet Repository site. The organization of the Internet-Drafts directory is found in the file "1id-organization" in the Internet-Drafts directory at an Internet Repository site. This file also contains the rules for naming Internet-Drafts. (See [1] for more information about Internet-Drafts.) 7.3. Request For Comments (RFC) The work of an IETF working group often results in publication of one or more documents, as part of the Request For Comments (RFCs) [1] series. This series is the archival publication record for the Internet community. A document can be written by an individual in a working group, by a group as a whole with a designated Editor, or by others not involved with the IETF. NOTE: The RFC series is a publication mechanism only and publication does not determine the IETF status of a document. Status is determined through separate, explicit status labels assigned by the IESG on behalf of the IETF. In other words, the reader is reminded that all Internet Standards are published as RFCs, but NOT all RFCs specify standards [4]. 7.4. Working Group Last-Call When a WG decides that a document is ready for publication it may be submitted to the IESG for consideration. In most cases the determination that a WG feels that a document is ready for publication is done by the WG Chair issuing a working group Last- Call. The decision to issue a working group Last-Call is at the discretion of the WG Chair working with the Area Director. A working group Last-Call serves the same purpose within a working group that an IESG Last-Call does in the broader IETF community (see [1]). 7.5. Submission of documents Once that a WG has determined at least rough consensus exists within the WG for the advancement of a document the following must be done: - The version of the relevant document exactly as agreed to by the WG MUST be in the Internet-Drafts directory. - The relevant document MUST be formatted according to section 7.3. - The WG Chair MUST send email to the relevant Area Director. A copy of the request MUST be also sent to the IESG Secretariat. The mail MUST contain the reference to the document's ID filename, and the action requested. The copy of the message to the IESG Secretariat is to ensure that the request gets recorded by the Secretariat so that they can monitor the progress of the document through the process. Unless returned by the IESG to the WG for further development, progressing of the document is then the responsibility of the IESG. After IESG approval, responsibility for final disposition is the joint responsibility of the RFC Editor, the WG Chair and the Document Editor. 8. Review of documents The IESG reviews all documents submitted for publication as RFCs. Usually minimal IESG review is necessary in the case of a submission from a WG intended as an Informational or Experimental RFC. More extensive review is undertaken in the case of standards-track documents. Prior to the IESG beginning their deliberations on standards-track documents, IETF Secretariat will issue a "Last-Call" to the IETF mailing list (see [1]). This Last Call will announce the intention of the IESG to consider the document, and it will solicit final comments from the IETF within a period of two weeks. It is important to note that a Last-Call is intended as a brief, final check with the Internet community, to make sure that no important concerns have been missed or misunderstood. The Last-Call should not serve as a more general, in-depth review. The IESG review takes into account responses to the Last-Call and will lead to one of these possible conclusions: 1. The document is accepted as is for the status requested. This fact will be announced by the IETF Secretariat to the IETF mailing list and to the RFC Editor. 2. The document is accepted as-is but not for the status requested. This fact will be announced by the IETF Secretariat to the IETF mailing list and to the RFC Editor (see [1] for more details). 3. Changes regarding content are suggested to the author(s)/WG. Suggestions from the IESG must be clear and direct, so as to facilitate working group and author correction of the specification. If the author(s)/WG can explain to the satisfaction of the IESG why the changes are not necessary, the document will be accepted for publication as under point 1, above. If the changes are made the revised document may be resubmitted for IESG review. 4. Changes are suggested by the IESG and a change in status is recommended. The process described above for 3 and 2 are followed in that order. 5. The document is rejected. Any document rejection will be accompanied by specific and thorough arguments from the IESG. Although the IETF and working group process is structured such that this alternative is not likely to arise for documents coming from a working group, the IESG has the right and responsibility to reject documents that the IESG feels are fatally flawed in some way. If any individual or group of individuals feels that the review treatment has been unfair, there is the opportunity to make a procedural complaint. The mechanism for this type of complaints is described in [1]. 9. Security Considerations Documents describing IETF processes, such as this one, do not have an impact on the security of the network infrastructure or of Internet applications. It should be noted that all IETF working groups are required to examine and understand the security implications of any technology they develop. This analysis must be included in any resulting RFCs in a Security Considerations section. Note that merely noting a significant security hole is no longer sufficient. IETF developed technologies should not add insecurity to the environment in which they are run. 10. Acknowledgments This revision of this document relies heavily on the previous version (RFC 1603) which was edited by Erik Huizer and Dave Crocker. It has been reviewed by the Poisson Working Group. 11. References [1] Bradner, S., Editor, "The Internet Standards Process -- Revision 3", BCP 9, RFC 2026, October 1996. [2] Hovey, R., and S. Bradner, "The Organizations involved in the IETF Standards Process", BCP 11, RFC 2028, October 1996. [3] Gavin, J., "IAB and IESG Selection, Confirmation, and Recall Process: Operation of the Nominating and Recall Committees", BCP 10, RFC 2282, February 1998. [4] Huitema, C., J. Postel, S. Crocker, "Not all RFCs are Standards", RFC 1796, April 1995. [5] Postel, J., and J. Reynolds, "Instructions to RFC Authors", RFC 2223, October 1997. [6] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Level", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. 12. Editor's Address Scott Bradner Harvard University 1350 Mass Ave. Cambridge MA 02138 USA Phone +1 617 495 3864 EMail: email@example.com Appendix: Sample Working Group Charter Working Group Name: IP Telephony (iptel) IETF Area: Transport Area Chair(s): Jonathan Rosenberg <firstname.lastname@example.com> Transport Area Director(s): Scott Bradner <email@example.com> Allyn Romanow <email@example.com> Responsible Area Director: Allyn Romanow <email@example.com> Mailing Lists: General Discussion:firstname.lastname@example.com To Subscribe: email@example.com Archive: http://www.bell-labs.com/mailing-lists/siptel Description of Working Group: Before Internet telephony can become a widely deployed service, a number of protocols must be deployed. These include signaling and capabilities exchange, but also include a number of "peripheral" protocols for providing related services. The primary purpose of this working group is to develop two such supportive protocols and a frameword document. They are: 1. Call Processing Syntax. When a call is setup between two endpoints, the signaling will generally pass through several servers (such as an H.323 gatekeeper) which are responsible for forwarding, redirecting, or proxying the signaling messages. For example, a user may make a call to firstname.lastname@example.com. The signaling message to initiate the call will arrive at some server at bigcompany. This server can inform the caller that the callee is busy, forward the call initiation request to another server closer to the user, or drop the call completely (among other possibilities). It is very desirable to allow the callee to provide input to this process, guiding the server in its decision on how to act. This can enable a wide variety of advanced personal mobility and call agent services. Such preferences can be expressed in a call processing syntax, which can be authored by the user (or generated automatically by some tool), and then uploaded to the server. The group will develop this syntax, and specify means of securely transporting and extending it. The result will be a single standards track RFC. 2. In addition, the group will write a service model document, which describes the services that are enabled by the call processing syntax, and discusses how the syntax can be used. This document will result in a single RFC. 3. Gateway Attribute Distribution Protocol. When making a call between an IP host and a PSTN user, a telephony gateway must be used. The selection of such gateways can be based on many criteria, including client expressed preferences, service provider preferences, and availability of gateways, in addition to destination telephone number. Since gateways outside of the hosts' administrative domain might be used, a protocol is required to allow gateways in remote domains to distribute their attributes (such as PSTN connectivity, supported codecs, etc.) to entities in other domains which must make a selection of a gateway. The protocol must allow for scalable, bandwidth efficient, and very secure transmission of these attributes. The group will investigate and design a protocol for this purpose, generate an Internet Draft, and advance it to RFC as appropriate. Goals and Milestones: May 98 Issue first Internet-Draft on service framework Jul 98 Submit framework ID to IESG for publication as an RFC. Aug 98 Issue first Internet-Draft on Call Processing Syntax Oct 98 Submit Call processing syntax to IESG for consideration as a Proposed Standard. Dec 98 Achieve consensus on basics of gateway attribute distribution protocol Jan 99 Submit Gateway Attribute Distribution protocol to IESG for consideration as a RFC (info, exp, stds track TB Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved. This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than English. The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns. This document and the information contained herein is provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.EID 3752 (Verified) is as follows: Section: 2.2 Original Text: In order to take advantage of this service, working group mailing lists MUST include the address "firstname.lastname@example.com" (where "wg_acronym" is the working group acronym) in the mailing list in order that a copy of all mailing list messages be recorded in the Secretariat's archive. Corrected Text: In order to take advantage of this service, working group mailing lists MUST include the address "email@example.com" (where "wg_acronym" is the working group acronym) in the mailing list in order that a copy of all mailing list messages be recorded in the Secretariat's archive.Notes:
'@lists.ietf.org' was changed to '@ietf.org' in the year 2005.
Although the RFC errata system is not typically used to update email addresses that were correct at the time of publication, this report results from discussion with Russ Housley and Jari Arkko.


text:
This is a five-part guide on how Freelancer.com works, how to be a successful freelancer, and how to behave within the marketplace.
PART 1: Introduction to Freelancer.com
PART 2: Getting Started at Freelancer.com
PART 3: Finding Work and Submitting Proposals
PART 4: Doing the Work and Getting Paid
PART 5: Conclusion and Takeaways
PART 1: Introduction to Freelancer.com
Freelancer.com allows you to work with employers, both for online and offline projects. Work opportunities are available on the site without you having to deal with the troubles of advertising and self-promotion.
Signing up is free, and everyone is welcome to join.
Why Freelancer.com?
- Find just about any job. We have projects ranging from website development to babysitting. Work on projects that suit your skills and interests.
- Tools to manage your business are provided. Stay up-to-date and keep in touch with your employers using our native Messenger both on desktop and mobile. Easily track worked hours for hourly projects as well via the Freelancer Desktop App.
- Great performance is recognized. Get invited to join our Preferred Freelancer program for exemplary performance and for consistently providing high employer satisfaction.
- Secure payments. Our Milestone Payment System gives you and your employers equal control over created payments for projects.
Who can work on Freelancer.com?
Whether you are an independent freelancer or you run a team, you are welcome to join Freelancer.com for free. By default, all users are given a personal (individual) account upon sign up, but depending on the demands of your business, you can subscribe to Freelancer Corporate for a Corporate account after signup.


text:
We all love music, there are no ifs and buts about it. It's like a friend that is always with us, that cheers up when we are down, and makes us want to dance and reach to the skies when we are happy. And who doesn't wish to always be in a company of a loyal friend?
While most of us have playlists of favorite tracks from multiple different artists, some musicians take a special place in our hearts. We naturally want to be able to listen to their whole albums, not just single tracks; but what is the easiest and cheapest way to get full discographies of favorite artists?
YouTube is a great source for this matter, there are quite a lot of full albums of every possible genre. The albums are usually uploaded two ways - in a playlist with numerous videos for each track and as one video with all songs joined in one long audio track. The latter usually has timestamps for each song given in the description or in the comment section.
Head to YouTube and type in the name of the album and the artist into the search bar. You can specify what you are looking for by adding 'full album' to your search query.
Find either a playlist or a video containing the album:
If you want to specifically find a playlist, open the search filters and click on 'Playlist':
Copy the link from the browser and paste it into 4K Video Downloader , a free cross-platform application for fast audio and video downloading. Open the application and click the Paste link button, the playlist will start downloading to your computer.
If you want to transfer the playlist to your iTunes library, mark the checkbox in 4K Video Downloader's Preferences before pasting the link:
Downloading process of a full album in one video is the similar to the playlist's - just open 4K Video Downloader and paste the link.
Open mp3cut.net website and uploaded the file you got with 4K Video Downloader there. Alternatively you can pick an audio cutting tool from this list.
Specify the beginning and ending of each track one by one. You can get the timestamps from the YouTube video description or music information sites like Discogs:
Click 'Cut' and wait until the process is finished to download the track to your computer. Right on mp3cut.net you can also create an iPhone ringtone from any place of the audio track you uploaded:
That's it! Now you can FULLY enjoy your favorite music both on computer and portable device whenever and wherever you go!


text:
Los Angeles, CA — Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) Detectives are asking for the public's help in their investigation of a woman's body discovered at a trash sorting facility in Wilmington.
On May 20, 2011, at approximately 6:15p.m., workers at a local trash sorting facility located in the 900 block of East E Street discovered the body of a Black female among the recyclable items being sorted. The Los Angeles County Coroner's Office responded to the location along with LAPD Harbor Area Homicide detectives.
During the at-scene investigation, it was learned that this trash sorting facility receives trash and recyclable items from all over Southern California including San Juan Capistrano to areas north of Los Angeles. Investigators believed that the body was likely delivered to the facility earlier that day among the numerous truckloads of recyclables that had been dropped off for processing.
The cause of death could not be determined during the preliminary investigation and the body was taken to the Los Angeles County Coroner's Office for a complete forensic examination.
According to investigators, the victim was a female Black in her 20's and she has not been identified. Anyone with information about this case is asked to contact LAPD Harbor Area Detectives at (310) 726-7882 or (310) 726-7880. During non-business hours or on weekends, calls should be directed to 1-877-LAPD-24-7. Anyone wishing to remain anonymous should call Crime Stoppers at 1-800-222-TIPS (800-222-8477). Tipsters may also contact Crime Stoppers by texting to phone number 274637 (C-R-I-M-E-S on most keypads) with a cell phone. All text messages should begin with the letters "LAPD." Tipsters may also go to LAPDOnline.org, click on "webtips" and follow the prompts.


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Gun toting granny shoots down drone
THE PLAINS, VA - Jennifer Youngman describes her Virginia neighborhood as peaceful, beautiful, and somewhere people really value their privacy. Until one day a drone threatened the privacy of her famous neighbor Robert Duvall, and Youngman wasn't having it.
She explained, "I think people should respect his privacy when he is on his land. He is a national treasure."
Luckily this gun-toting grandma was cleaning her shotgun on the front porch when the drone came back towards her house. Youngman said, "It started to come down and that is when I picked up and I came over here and raised my shotgun and blasted it out of the sky."
She took down the drone with just one shot. The two people Youngman believes were flying the drone started walking towards her house. She told them that they could not trespass onto the property, while still holding her big shot gun. "It did get them to turn around, and with haste, get out of here," she recalls.
Youngman has not seen them since and there was never a police complaint filed over the destroyed drone. Can you blame them? We wouldn't mess with her either. Robert Duvall, you have one good neighbor.


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Gemstone Description
This lovely and unique Oregon Sunstone has a soft yellow color with a slight green and red tint. There is no copper shiller in this expertly faceted fancy cut shaped gemstone. This cut is not found in any of the books and is a piece of art created by a true artist on a Thai jam peg machine. This is a VS eye clean clarity gem with one slight inclusion visible with magnification only. It measures 17.5 x 10.0 x 6.6 mm and weighs 8.07 carat. This unique gemstone is untreated and was mined at the Misha 2 mine in Oregon, USA, a family run operation owned by a friend of mine. With a hardness of 6.5-7 Oregon Sunstone is suitable in many types of jewelry.
Thailand's Gem Markets
Being a gemologist in Thailand makes providing you with the right gemstones a snap. Furthermore, the gem markets here are nothing short of amazing! We shop in four different gem districts across the country and the variety is world class. Additionally, a precision gem cutter is working for our operation. Of course, we also source fine gemstone rough with our worldwide network of contacts in the mining business.
Since I love to travel and shop for gemstones, I do act as a buyer's guide to the gem markets for any visitor that would like assistance. Often I can meet you at a gem market or even pick you up at the airport to get our adventure started.
Custom cut gemstones
An essential part of our service is custom gemstone cutting. You may supply rough stones for us to have precision faceted or cabbed into the shapes that you desire. In addition, many gemstones that are already native cut will be improved in clarity and light return by a new precision cut.
Custom orders on gemstone cutting are normally ready in just two to three weeks. Message me with details of your gemstone requirements. I will provide the address along with special instructions on shipping stones to us.
Your gems or ours
Select gemstones from our site or send us yours for your own LEE jewelry piece. You may select the main stone plus the exact number of accent stones from right here. Please ask if you do not see exactly the gemstones you are looking for. In addition to our listed gemstones we have thousands more in stock that are ready yet are unlisted.
Please note that we are happy to work with your personal stones but do not have any insurance to protect them. Consequently, the stones will be at your risk only. When we use stones from our store for your custom order we back them for the purchase price. We do not guarantee or insure a stone that we did not sell. That said, it is not common that one breaks or is damaged in setting.
Metal choices
We are happy to make you a custom piece of jewelry with Sterling 925 silver or 18K yellow gold. You may also request that we use 999 silver or 965 yellow gold. Furthermore, you may decide on a combination of our metals such as a gold bezel in a silver ring.
Your design
Select your own style by browsing our online selection catalog with over 500 designs that we have previously created. As an alternative to our catalog you may send photos or even a picture of your sketches about your idea. A custom ordered piece is normally ready for shipping in 15 to 30 days. We will enter your special piece into the queue as soon as we have your stone selection and you have made your payment. Contact us with your ideas for a fast quote.


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just a beautiful image and no bulky recipes to give you some inspiration for your weekend libation. i know we've already discussed bloody mary recipes here but if you don't feel like whipping up a batch from scratch, these guys make a delicious spicy mix that we just discovered and adore! like we said before, don't forget the mean beans from rick's picks and a dash of our homemade worcestershire. can't wait to start cooking out of this cookbook that we just picked up - maybe we'll be sharing some of our favorites very soon. just bought one of these today and we're so excited to make our first cup of siphon brew with some blue bottle retrofit beans!
the artisanal and local cheeses out there are endless and we love trying everything we can. we were inspired by this ricotta made in brooklyn and this recipe in bon appetit from andrew carmellini to try making fresh ricotta from scratch. it's so easy to make with only three ingredients and so incredible to watch come together! why have we never done this before?! so now we have this beautiful homemade cheese - what to do with it? how about a little crostini - ricotta is a great base for showcasing lots of different flavors but we chose to make an onion jam. make both of these ahead of time and assemble the crostini for a delicious & simple appetizer.
just read about an urban winery opening in brooklyn this fall - looks like fun and you can take hard hat tours while the building is under construction! excited to check out this surf art exhibit at three different galleries in chelsea - but hurry cause the show ends august 6.
Fresh Ricotta & Onion Jam Crostini
for onion jam:
2 tbs olive oil
2 cups finely chopped red onion
2 cloves garlic, chopped
1 tbs grainy mustard
1 tsp worcestershire (preferably homemade)
1 tbs brown sugar
1/4 cup balsamic vinegar
in a small saucepan, heat oil and saute onion until translucent, about 8 minutes. add garlic and cook 1 minute more. stir in mustard, worcestershire, sugar and vinegar and cook until slightly reduced. cool completely.
for crostini:
1 whole wheat baguette
1 cup fresh ricotta (see recipe)
salt & pepper
olive oil
1 cup onion jam
slice baguette and toast in the broiler or grill until golden brown. place a tbs of ricotta on each slice of bread, season with salt and pepper, drizzle with olive oil and finish with a spoonful of onion jam. enjoy!
chocolate & ginger
as you've probably figured out by now, we love ginger - in our cocktails, in our scones, in our parfaits, and on and on. candied ginger is a wonderful sweet & spicy addition to almost any baked good. recently, we were looking for a healthier option for late night chocolate cravings (or mid afternoon or first thing in the morning!) and stumbled upon this simple recipe from whole living magazine, formerly body & soul. it's a perfect combination of chocolate, spicy ginger and crunchy biscotti to satisfy any craving and great to keep in the cupboard in case of emergency!
on a new york side note, we're excited to check out the New Amsterdam Market this weekend and can't seem to resist the coconut cookies from here every time we walk by!
Double Chocolate & Ginger Biscotti
(adapted from Whole Living)
1/2 cup all purpose flour
1/2 cup whole wheat flour
1/3 cup unsweetened cocoa powder
1 1/2 tsp baking powder
1/4 tsp salt
1 egg, plus 1 yolk
1/2 cup brown sugar
1 tsp vanilla extract
1/4 cup olive oil
1/2 cup walnuts, coarsely chopped
3 oz dark chocolate, coarsely chopped
1/4 cup finely chopped crystallized ginger
preheat oven to 350 degrees F. line a baking sheet with parchment paper. in a medium bowl, whisk together flours, cocoa powder, baking powder and salt. in the bowl of an electric mixer, beat egg, yolk and sugar until fluffy. beat in vanilla and oil until combined. with the mixer on low, beat in dry ingredients until combined. fold in walnuts, chocolate and ginger with a spatula. with moistened hands, shape the dough into 2 logs, each about 9x2 1/2-inches. bake until set on top, about 20 minutes. cool 10 minutes and reduce oven to 325 degrees F. transfer logs to a cutting board and slice into 1/2-inch thick slices. bake 10 minutes per side until, crisp and cool completely on a wire rack. store in an airtight container for up to a week. enjoy!
where have we been?! it's been a busy several weeks of working, traveling, long train rides, catching up with friends, more working, eating bbq, laying on the beach and having amazing adventures. had a wonderful time food styling a cookbook with two amazing women - photographer ann stratton and prop stylist pamela duncan silver - beautiful images and a fun project i can't wait to share. we also took a long train/road trip to the beaches of north carolina for the fourth of july and then enjoyed some wonderful authentic bbq in durham & chapel hill. illegal fireworks on the beach, lots of icy beer from a can, flaky biscuits with salty country ham, vinegary pulled pork and lots sweet tea were just a few of the amazing things north carolina had to offer. but now we're finally home for a bit, happy to be back in this amazing city and back in our kitchen, inspired by our recent adventures. hope everyone is staying cool and eating lots of ice cream!
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What is a digital X-ray?
X-ray is the oldest and most frequently used form of medical imaging. It is also the fastest, and easiest and most economical way for a physician to view and assess broken bones.
It can also be used to diagnose and monitor the progression of diseases, including osteoporosis, heart disease, and cancer. Unlike other forms of radiation, X-rays can easily pass through body tissue, making it possible to provide images of internal structures without performing surgery.
During the procedure, electromagnetic radiation passes through the body onto "film" (now digitized and displayed on a computer screen). Dense structures such as bone absorb most of the radiation and appear white on the digital image. Structures that are less dense like air appear black. Everything in between appears a different shade of gray.
When is a digital X-ray used?
Digital X-rays are used to diagnose a wide range of illnesses and injuries, including musculoskeletal injuries, cancer, blocked arteries, abdominal pain, sinus disease, spinal problems and other abnormalities.
What happens during a digital X-ray procedure?
You may be asked to stand or lie down on an examination table, depending on the part of the body to be examined. You will be able to communicate with the technologist during the procedure.
What are the benefits and risks of a digital X-ray?
There is little reason to worry about the small amount of radiation you will be exposed to when you receive a digital X-ray. Digital X-rays enable immediate diagnosis of certain conditions and offer no discomfort, and often even no preparation, for the patient.
Why digital?
We use the most advanced technology to deliver premium healthcare. Digital imaging gives us many advantages in handling your exam, not the least of which is faster communication of results to your doctor. Digital imaging also allows your medical team to collaborate, if necessary, and to immediately compare previous exams with current ones, so that your health is properly monitored.


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Policy 205: Public Access to NEWESD 101 records
Adopted: 05/17/88 Current Revision: 09/15/20
Mindful of the right of individuals to privacy and of the desirability of efficient administration of NEWESD 101, full access to information concerning the administration and operations of the organization shall be afforded to the public as provided by state Public Disclosure Law.
The provisions of this policy shall be liberally construed to promote continuing public confidence in the efficient administration of NEWESD 101. In promoting such complete disclosure, however, this policy shall be enforced so as to ensure that the information disclosed will not be misused for arbitrary and capricious purposes and to ensure that all persons who may be named in public records contained by NEWESD 101 will be protected from harassment and unfounded allegations based on information they have freely disclosed to the organization. Public access to NEWESD 101 records shall be afforded according to the administrative procedures developed by the Superintendent and periodically reviewed by the Board.
The Superintendent shall have the responsibility and authority for ensuring compliance with the display, indexing, availability, inspection and copying requirements of state law and this policy. As such, he/she shall authorize the inspection and copying of NEWESD 101 records only in accordance with the criteria set forth in this policy. The Superintendent may delegate the management of these duties. The name(s) of personnel responsible for public disclosure shall be displayed on the NEWESD website under Administrative Leadership/Agency Officers.
In accordance with RCW 42.56, NEWESD 101 shall make available for public inspection and copying all identifiable, reasonably locatable and reasonably translatable NEWESD 101 records, or portions, as provided in state law. Records will be available for inspection and copying during normal business hours, Monday through Friday, (8 a.m. to 5 p.m.), excluding legal holidays. Records will be available for inspection in the offices of NEWESD 101.
Access to a public record can be provided by allowing inspection of the record, providing a copy or posting the record on the agency's Web site and assisting the requester in finding it. NEWESD 101 shall provide access only to records in existence at the time of the request. It is not required to create public records in response to a request.
If a request is significant/broad or part of a larger set, NEWESD 101 may make the records available on a partial or installment basis.
If NEWESD 101 denies any request, in whole or in part, for inspection and copying of records, requesting party shall be provided with a written statement of the reason for the denial setting forth the specific exemption (and statutory section) which applies.
If the record which is requested for inspection and/or copying contains both information exempted from disclosure and nonexempt information, NEWESD 101 shall, to the extent
practicable, produce the record with the exempt portion deleted and shall provide a written explanation for the deletion.
Access to lists of individuals which the requesting party intends to use for commercial purposes or which NEWESD 101 reasonably believes shall be used for commercial purposes, if such access is provided, shall not be provided.
To request NEWESD 101 records, the requester shall:
A. Submit the request in writing (to the Superintendent or designee) at the Superintendent's office.
B. Include his/her contact information (e.g., name, address and other available information including telephone number, FAX and e-mail address.
C. Include the time and date of the request and a description of the information requested.
D. Indicate how he/she wishes to see the record (.e.g., inspecting the record or receiving copies).
E. Provide an assurance that the names of individuals included in records will not be used for commercial purposes.
If the requester seeks copies, NEWESD 101 should notify him/her of the projected cost (orally or in writing) and whether a copying deposit is required before the copies will be made. NEWESD 101 may impose a reasonable charge, which the organization has determined to be fifteen cents ($.15) per letter sized page, for providing copies of public records according to RCW 42.56.120. Costs of copying will be paid by those making such requests.
The Superintendent is authorized to seek an injunction to prevent the disclosure of records otherwise discloseable when he/she determines that there is reasonable cause to believe that the disclosure would clearly not be in the public interest and would substantially and irreparably damage any person or would substantially or irreparably damage vital governmental functions.
Reference: Chapter 42.56 RCW, chapter 44-14 WAC
To obtain public records, please complete the Public Records Request Form* & send to:
Public Records Officer NEWESD 101 4202 South Regal Spokane, WA 99223
(509) 789-3800
Robert Roettger, Superintendent; [email protected] or
Tracy Poindexter-Canton, Chief Officer, Communications; [email protected]