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In 1844 the French clarinet maker Louis Auguste Buffet collaborated with the celebrated clarinet virtuoso and Paris Conservatory instructor Hyacinthe Eleonore Klosé to create an instrument with seventeen keys and five of Theobald Boehm's brille rings. This new system was not called the "Buffet-Klosé system" as it should have been, but instead it was called the "Boehm-Klosé system" clarinet. In time it would become the standard clarinet of France and the Americas, and the most popular system in England.
A student of Klosé and a renowned clarinetist during his time was Fréderic Selmer. His sons were Henri and Alexandre Selmer, both professional clarinetists. The elder Selmer was painfully aware of the limitations of the instruments available to him. They had intonation problems and didn't sound as well as he imagined that they should sound. He yearned for better quality instruments and succeeded to impress his dreams upon his two sons.
In 1885 Henri Selmer founded H. and A. Selmer & Cie. He abandoned his career as a performer to do full-time research to improve the instrument and its manufacture. Meanwhile his brother Alexandre rose to prominence as a clarinetist in French and American orchestras. Alexandre became principle clarinetist in the New York Philharmonic. While playing with New York he returned to France and brought back with him several of his brother's clarinets and began using them in the orchestra. Other players heard and played them, and the instruments created such a sensation that the Selmer's soon were receiving numerous orders. Alexandre obliged by opening a retail shop in New York City in hopes of satisfying the demand for Selmer-made products.
Alexandre was also actively teaching while in New York, and one of his students was George M. Bundy, a native of Indianapolis. Bundy was fascinated with the Selmer clarinets. After a few years in New York, Alexandre decided to return to France and help his brother with the business, and he left Bundy in charge of the New York store. But Bundy had far greater aspirations. He wanted to set up a Selmer factory in America. With the help of Carl Greenleaf, in 1927 Bundy opened the new American Selmer company in Elkhart. They began to make designated Selmer (USA) instruments and to continue to import Selmer (Paris) products.
Selmer gradually became one of the giants of musical instrument manufacturing by acquiring other companies. In 1958 Selmer bought Harry Pedler and Sons. It is said that the Pedler tooling was used to start Selmer's satellite the Bundy Band Instrument Corporation founded in that year and named in honor of George Bundy who had died in 1951. Initially Bundy was a separate operation from Selmer, but it was merged to its parent in 1965, and the Bundy trademark is used on Selmer's student line instruments.
In 1963 Selmer bought the Buescher Band Instrument Company and infrequently uses the Buescher trademark on some instruments marketed overseas.
In 1963 Selmer purchased the prestigious Vincent Bach Corporation, and in 1965 the factory was moved from Mt. Vernon NY to Elkhart. Bach's know-how aided the development of Bundy brass instruments, and Vincent Bach was retained as a consultant by Selmer until his death in 1976.
In 1968 Selmer bought the Lesher Woodwind Company, a manufacturer of oboes and bassoons. Lesher had been making instruments for Selmer and putting the Selmer trademark on them. After the buyout Selmer dropped the Lesher trademark and used Lesher's tooling.
In 1978 Selmer acquired Glaesel Stringed Instrument Services of Cleveland, Ohio and chose to continue the Cleveland operation as before. n
In 1981 Selmer acquired Ludwig Industries, the world-renowned manufacturer of percussion instruments.
With the exit of C.G. Conn Ltd. from Elkhart in 1972, Selmer became Elkhart's largest manufacturer along with becoming one of the largest music companies in the world. It has managed to supplant Conn as America's leader in the industry.
The Selmer story begins in the 18th Century in a peasant family from Loraine. Their wish was to move to the town and the only way, at that time, was to join the army. So, for several generations, the Selmers grew up with the same regiment and when the boys were too young to be soldiers, they joined the regiment's band.
The first of the line Johan Jacobus Zelmer, born around 1770, became drum-major towards the end of the 18th century. Military status opened the doors of education and travel from which benefitted three generations of Selmer military musicians.
Charles-Frederic Selmer (the Z became an S with his father) of the third generation died in 1878, leaving 16 children of whom 5 reached adulthood, 4 with obvious musical talents. Of these, Henri Selmer started a musical career very early and left the conservatory as an accompolished clarinettist in 1880. He joined the Garde republicaine but quickly discovered tha he was little suited to military discipline and soon left for the orchestra of the "Opera Comique'. In reply to his own needs as well as those of his fellow musicians he began making his own reeds. His competence became rapidly evident and his reeds were soon in such a great demand, that he was able to open a small workshop to manufacture reeds and later on mouthpieces, too. These were he small beginnings from which the legend grew. In 1900, encouraged by continuing demand, Henri also undertook adjustment, modifications and repair work which led him rapidly to the conception and manufacture of clarinettes, and soon set himiself up with about 20 companions in a workshop, Place Dancourt, in Paris. His instruments met with universal acclaim.
Henri's othe trump card was his brother Alexandre who followed an important career in America from 1895 to 1910 as solo-clarinettist in three great orchestras: The Boston Symphony Orchestra, The Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, and finally the New York Philharmonic Orchestra.
Also around 1900, the two brothers opened a retail store in New York (which is the beginning of Selmer USA) and had an agent in London (Mr. Gomez). Selmer instruments, therefore, crossed the Atlantic and won a gold medal at the Saint Louis exhibition. In 1910, Alexandre Selmer returned to France, leaving his place in New York to one of his students: George Bundy. At this time instrument manufacture in Europe was flourishing industry, exporting throughout the world, and Henry Selmer decided to take things a step further, to diversify and industrialize his production, facing competition by other important french manufacturers such as Evett-Shaeffer, Buffet-Crampon, Couesnon and Noblet.
From 1910 to 1920 Henry extended his production to the whole woodwind family of clarinettes, bassoons and oboes, opening a new workshop in Meru and a steam factory in Gaillon. For some years, the Lefevres, Paul, and father, and his two sons Maurice and Henri, had been working for Henri Selmer. At the beginning of the war in 1914, Henri Lefevre was mobilized and left for the front with a saxophone of his own making. The instrument attracted the attention of Henri Selmer for, since its creation by Adolphe Sax, it had changed little and was declining in popularity. The Gaillon factory was too small to complete the transition from clarinette to saxophone, so in 1919 Henri Selmer decided to open a new factory at Mantes where the other saxophone makers, Dolnet and Evette-Shaeffer, were already established. The Lefevres were responsible for production, while Henri Selmer looked after all the management aspects with his brother Alexandre who also tested the clarinettes. Maurice Selmer, Henri's son, began to look after commercial and artistic affairs and some adjustment of instruments.
Maurice and Henri Lefevre, both now sons-in-laws of Henri Selmer, developed and perfected production methods and machine-tools. At the end of 1921, the first Selmer saxophone was born, the model 22, an alto. Continuing the manufacture of clarinettes, reeds and mouthpieces, the Mantes factory was enlarged and in 1928 Henri Selmer took over the Adolphe Sax workshoips (which had previously absorbed Millereaud), thus extending the brass manufacture to trumpets and trombones and lifting Selmer-Paris to the top levels of world production of wind instruments, in particular with the introduction of a new saxophone, the model 28 "Cigar Cutter". Then, in 1933, after a detailed technoligical study of all saxophones on the market, Selmer presented his model 35/36 "Balanced Action" sax, an extremely refined model both mechanically and acoustically. Furthermore, with the rise of jazz, Selmer began working with the guitar Mario Maccaferi. The resulting Selmer-Maccaferi guitars were immortalized by Django Reinhardt even though their production remained limited. Henri Selmer died in July 1941 and was replaced at the head of the firm by his son Maurice who had, for some time, been taking on more and more management responsibilities. Th war years were, of course very difficult, few raw materials, exporting almost impossible, and many other problems. The company was almost put into "hibernation" and temporary activities had to be adopted, even the manufacture of bicycle pumps!
After the war Maurice Selmer revived the firm with a complete range of instruments. Assisted by the momentum brought to jazz by the influx of American troops and the simultaneous development of classical studies of the saxophone, the instrument eveolved rapidly, bringing us to 1954 and the Mark VI model which saw the modification of the position and size of the holes, the key mechanism, and above all the change in position for each hand. The Mark VI remained in the front line for many years, until 1974 when a new model, the Mark VII was presented at the saxophone Congress in Bordeaux, bringing important acoustic improvements. Finally, in 1981, the "Super Action 80" made its appearance and is still the principal model today, when it is more important than ever to produce an instrument as perfect as possible, and this as cheaply as possible in order to remain competitive on the modern market. But Selmer-Paris has always continued to develop its potential.
Until 1960 the mechanism of the production process was the main priority. The soaring raw materials and labor costs combined with the continuing need to increase production made a complete reoganization and industrialization necessary, and labor costs still represent 75-80% of the retail price of an instrument.
After the death of Maurice Selmer in 1961, Henri Lefevre became Director of the company until his accidental death in 1981. He was succeeded by Georges Selmer who is assisted by his brother Jean as Technical Director and new product development menager, and by Jacques as Commercial Director. The were joined by Patrick Selmer (son of Jean) in 1973, who is responsible for Marketing and Public Relations, by Brigette in 1978 in Sales, and by Jerome in 1982 as Jean's personal assistant.
Henri-Selmer has built up a world-wide reputation and is one of the french companies that has succeeded in integrating tradition and new technologies. After 100 years of experience, Selmer-Paris is still independent and the exclusive property of its founding family, offering a wide range of instruments and accesories which cover almost all wind instruments used in symphonic orchestras, jazz formations and modern popular groups.
Even if the name of Selmer is above all associated with the saxophone - theirs is the most frequently copied model in the world - it does not represent more that 55% of sales. Clarinettes are still an important part of the production and Selmer can be considered a world leader where its top-range models are concerned. The variety of Selmer's production combined with their constant will to innovate manitains, the respected position on all international markets make Selmer competitive. In spite of today's economic situation, 75% of the production are for export: 20% to the U.S.A, 20% to Japan, 15% to Western Europe, 5% to North America (except U.S.A.), 15% to the Eastern bloc, South America and Africa, leaving 25% of sales on the home market. Over the last five years sales have increased in France and over seas reaching, in 1984, a turnover of 100.000.000 F and the market penetration in Europe, teh U.S.A. and Japan increased by 19% in 1984 alone. With such figures before them, the Selmer family can look forward in all tranquility to the bi-centenary.
In Laon, France, a small city northeat of Paris, lived the family of Frrederick Selmer. There were some 16 children in this family, and Frederick was a famed Army Bandmaster. He was a graduate of Paris Conservatory on the clarinet, where he won the Prize of Honor, as especial distinction. It was also said that he was the favorite pupil of the Conservatory teacher of the clarinet Hyacinthe Klose, the man who applied Boehm's system of moveable rings to the clarinet.
Among the sons of Frederick were Henri, Alexandre, and Charles Selmer, all of whom studied at the Paris Conservatory at the time. The Father would sit in his library downstairs, busy largely with arranging music, while his sons were practicing their studies in various rooms upstairs. The old gent would say nothing if he heard one wrong note, but if they repeated a bad one, there would be a sharp reprimand from the lower floor.
Anyway, the three Selmer sons eventually graduated from the Conservatory, each taking first prize in his respecive year of graduation, Henri and Alexandre on clarinet and Charles on flute.
When Frederick Selmer received the Prize of Honor on his graduation, in 1852, he also was presented with a wood Boehm clarinet, with solid silver keys, one of the first ones ever made. It is still a family heirloom in Paris.
Henri Selmer was born in 1858 and passed on in 1941, after having been principal clarinetist of the Paris Opera, The Garde Republicaine Band and the Lamoureux Symphony Orchestra. He left the band when the conductor insisted that he stand and play solos. His nose was rather prominent, and when standing up to play, he always imagined his nose was moving. In his spare time he had been tuning and selling clarinets of a famous mark, and also had started the manufacture of clarinet reeds. He also spent long hours facing clarinet mouthpieces. In fact, he blamed the loss of sight of one of his eyes to the strain of making mouthpiece facings, especially on crystal mouthpieces, of which he sold a great many at the time.
He employed a mechanic for the reed machines, who, while being an excellent workman, also liked to drink. So much so, in fact, that he had lost a fine position with a leading instrument maker of the day. One day this worker asked Henri why he shouldn't start to make a clarinet or two during his spare moments, and Henri agreed.
This set turned out rather well and Henri started to use them. In the meantime, his brother Alexandre, who had become principal clarinetist of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, visited Paris, and tried Henri's clarinets. He liked them so well that he asked Henri to make him a set. Thus the manufacture of Selmer instruments.
Henri was a very humorous man. He liked nothing better than to tell stories, and was a clever pantominist. His stride and appearance were that of the typical French army man, when he strolled on the avenue, with his erect bearing, sizeable mustache and small chin piece. With his some 65 years of contact with musicians, etc. he naturally had a very wide personal acquaintanceship.
He had a tremedous love for children and would go on his summer vacation with ten or more of high grandchildren with him. One of his famed stories was of a soloist in the opera orchestra, a violinist, who would almost always arise when he played a very important passage. One night some of the members of the orchestra slipped a bit of very smelly cheese under the bridge on the inside of his violin. It was hot and when he arose to play, with his fiddle close under the chin, smelled the odor, with the comical climax that we must have to your imagination.
In Paris in 1945, an American Red Cross officer visited the Paris office, and asked to see the room where Henri used to sit, test clarinets, face mouthpieces, etc. When shown into the room this official, a former clarinet player, removed his cap. When told that this was unnecessary, he replied, "I can do nothing less."
Alexandre Selmer, the brother, did much of his studying of the clarinetm while a "child of the regiment," under a tent in Algiers. His father had pased on, and left the widow with a large family to support. At 17 he visited Mons. Fournier to obtain some reeds. Fournier is said to be the first maker to use a machine in the making of reeds. While he was trying the reeds, Mr. F said, "by the way, aren't you the little Selmer?" Alexandre said "yes." Mr. F asked him to go with him to meet Mons. Lamoureux, the conductor of the famed Lamoureux Orchestra. When Mons. Lamoureux heard him play, he was engaged, at 17, as third and Eb clarinet. He became prinicipal clarinetist of the orchestra and later soloist with the famed Opera Comique Orchestra, of Paris.
When the French ship Bourgoyne went down in the Atlantic around the turn of the century it cattied to the bottom some members of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, including a really great clarinetist, Leon Porteau, who was also a fine painter. The position of head of the clarinet section was offered to Alexandre Selmer and he accepted. He remained with the orchestra for several seasons. He then went to the Cincinnati Symphony orchestra where he also taught several talented pupils, among them Joseph E. Elliott, who, when Mr. Selmer came to New York with the Philharmonic Orchestra, succeeded as first clarinetist. Mr. Jos Weber, who beacme president of the American Federation of Musicians, as also a member of the clarinet section of the Cincinnati orchestra at this time. It was during this period that Antonio P. Sarli heard Mr. Selmer's clarinets and ordered a set, the first to be sold in the United States, of Selmer make. During this time Mr. Selmer appeared as solo clarinetist with John C. Weber's Band, when it took top clarinet price, to become known as "The Prize Band of America," and composed largely of members of the Cincinnati Orchestra. The late Mel J. Webster, eventually to become a member of the Selmer (Elkhart) organization, succeeded Mr. Selmer as first-chair clarinetist with Weber.
There are many incidents in the life of Alexander Selmer that are worth recalling. His technical ability on the clarinet was so tremendous that he could render almost any very difficult passage, cadenza, etc., in one key after another. He seemed to have such control of the clarinet, that one key was as easy as another. During his years of tuning the Albert system clarinet, he developed almost the same technical skill on it as the Boehm, and seemed able to render any extremely difficult passage equally well on the Albert system, an unusual gift.
He was known to be painfully frank, but equally honest. He introduced the flat, shaped "savonette" type of clarinet case to America, the crystal mouthpiece, could face a clarinet mouthpiece of any material equally as well as his brother Henri. He was one of the first to play the Boehm system clarinet in America and is given credit for introducing the short French lay mouthpiece to America. When the famed Badmaster Frederick Innes played an engagment in Cincinnati, he was at loss for a principal clarinet, and some one recommended Selmer. Innes was nervous, for Selmer did not know his arrangements, etc., but after the first very difficult program, with numerous cadenzas, etc., he walked over to Selmer, grasped he hand and said, "Before the concert I was nervous. I knew you were a great orchestral player but had not done much band work. Your playing I consider as the finest I have ever heard." Many such incidents could be recorded. Once with the N.Y. Philharmonic, under Gustave Mahler, the Eb clarinet player reached for his instrument just prior to the playing of the Berlioz "Fantastique" and was frightened to find it not there, that he had left it home. He asked the other clarinet players if they would transpose it on the Bb clarinet and play it . Two of them demurred, but Selmer played it. It went to high B natural, altissimo on the Bb instrument, but Mahler heard it and aked who played it. Selmer answered, "I did as the Eb player had mislaid his clarinet at home." Mahler answered "it sounded fine. You play it hereafter."
Page after page could be written of the remarkable ability of Alexandre Selmer, an ability will remeber by hundreds of American players. He was born 1863, and resides today, at 85, at Chatou, a suburb of Paris.
One time, in about 1909, a shipment of clarinets came from Paris; they had been unpacked and Alexandre started testing. I was working in a small office off the test room when I heard a few French invectives and then a bang on the floor, this followed six times, and when I went outsidein the hall, I found seven clarinets lying broken in two at middle. Alexandre was dissatisfied with their intonation and not only threw them on floor hard, but jumped up and down on them as well. Needless to say there were some bad moments between the brothers when he sent them back to Henri, in Paris.
Another time in our old E. 86th St. store in New York, a player of some renown came in to try a set of clarinets that Henri Selmer had made in Paris for him. He was blowing one after anouth, and not too well, when Alexandre came in, as he had come back from Paris in the meantime. Alexandre listened a few moments, walked over and took the clarinets out of his hands, and said "I'm sorry, you play too much out of tune." What you need is study more than new clarinets." To this day, we have never succeeded in selling this man even one new clarinet.
Once when playing with a very famous conductor, Alexandre had words with the leader on playing the clarinet solo in Tschaikowsky's "Pathetique" symphony. The leader now gone, was also a great composer and his works are played with the finest orchestras of today. The same passage was repeated three times, and marked p, pp, and finally pppp. He shouted to Alexandre, "the clarinet is too loud," so he played it softer. Still the conductor said "clarinet is too loud." Alexandre was gettinig red and hot under collar so the third time he merely made his fingers go and did not blow into the clarinet at all. The conductor still shouted "too loud," and then Alexandre arose in his seat, and told the leader if he could get someone to play softer, to get him. There followed some hot words and Alexandre began to pack up his clarinets, but the director rushed around, headed him off, and they finished crying on oneanother's shoulders. All was forgiven.
When he left the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, they were playing a concert in Detroit on tour. The conductor was Van der Stuchen. He had developed a habit of sort of holding Alexandre, due to his great experience, as responsible for the entire reed section. When someone would er, he would glare in Alexandre's direction. This time they had a substitute oboe player, and he set in wrong rehearsal measures before a long clarinet solo in the Schubert Unfinished Symphony. The conductor glared at Alexandre. Alexandre raised his finger and wispered "I warned you," and packed his clarinet. The 16-measure or so accompaniment went on without any theme, and Alexandre walked off the side of the platform and out of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra. He then came to New York and joined the N.Y. Philharmonic Orchestra as principal clarinetists under Gustav Mahler, where he remained until he retired and went to Paris in 1910 to help his brother Henri in testing and tuning Selmer clarinets. His second clarinet in Cincinnati was Jos. N. Weber, president of the A.F. of M., and his then third clarinet, his pupil, and his later successor with the orchestra, was the great American clarinetist Joseph E. Elliott.
How Alexandre left the Boston Symphony Orchestra may be worth telling too, for it sent him to the Cincinnati Symphony and into the clarinet business as a supplier. A wealthy lady patron of the Boston Orchestra took lessons from the first oboeist, who also was personnel manager of the orchestra. The lady was impressed by Selmer's playing, and decided to stop studying music with the oboe player and study with Mr. Selmer. Alexandre came to Paris the following summer for vacation, and there his brother Henri heard he was not to be re-engaged in Boston and told him so. It was not really a surprise to Alexandre so he came back to America as clarinetist with the Cincinnati Symphony and there started in the business, first supplying hand-tested Selmer reeds and crystal clarinet mouthpieces, then eventually clarinets, of his brother Henri's make, to his musician friends.
He was a strong character, would take but little criticism or abuse from the greatest conductors. He gave the impression of unusual strictness to all pupils and younger men, but once knowing him well, and appreciating the big heart underneath, it is not remarkable that he left hundreds oof friends in America, who still write and ask about him, at 85 years, in his retirement at Chatou, a small city a few miles up the Seine from Paris. In his taste for good food, as in music, he was not easy to please, and I wish I have that time and space available to cite many amusing instances of his set-to's with chefs and his cook at home.


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Dioxins and Furans
WARNING! Sewage sludge is toxic. Food should not be grown in "biosolids." Join the Food Rights Network. |
Dioxins and furans are two very similar groups of polyhalogenated compounds that are well-known toxic and persistent pollutants. Often the term "dioxins" refers to both dioxins and furans. The most well-studied compound is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin or TCDD. Dioxin is formed as a by-product of many industrial processes that involve chlorine including waste incineration, chemical and pesticide manufacturing and pulp and paper bleaching.[1] This family includes seven of the polychlorinated dibenzo dioxins (PCDDs) and ten of the polychlorinated dibenzo furans (PCDFs). Another group of chemicals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are also very similar to dioxins and furans.[2] At very low levels, dioxin can change the way cells grow and develop. Scientists claim that one form of dioxin causes cancer in humans. Some other human health effects include reproductive problems and birth defects.[3] Dioxins and furans are both included in Annex C in the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, which means that "parties must take measures to reduce the unintentional releases of chemicals listed under Annex C with the goal of continuing minimization and, where feasible, ultimate elimination."[4] According to the President's Cancer Panel, published in May 2010, dioxins are strongly linked to lung cancer, non-hodgkin lymphoma, and soft tissue sarcoma. Additionally, they are a suspected cause of breast cancer, prostate cancer, and multiple myeloma.[5]
Dioxins (Doc Index) and TimeLine |
Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) |
Agent Orange |
James J Tozzi (OIRA) George L Carlo (HESG) Auchter-Tozzi (Doc Index) |
Sources of Dioxins and Furans
According to the EPA, dioxins and furans enter the environment from the incineration of municipal waste and medical waste, secondary copper smelting, forest fires, land application of sewage sludge, cement kilns, coal fired power plants, residential wood burning, chlorine bleaching of wood pulp, and perhaps backyard burning of household waste.[6] According to the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), "sewage sludge... is the largest source for dioxin exposure in the nation after backyard trash burning."[7] (emphasis added)
Dangerous Levels of Dioxins Found in Sewage Sludge "Compost"
In 2010, a test found 65.97 TEQ of dioxins in the sewage sludge-based "compost" product Amend, made by Kellogg Garden Products.[8] Amend is sold at Home Depot, Lowes, and nurseries on the west coast, advertised as a compost intended for flower and use in vegetable gardens.
NRDC Calls for Stricter Regulation of Dioxins in Sewage Sludge
In 2003, the EPA announced that it would not regulate dioxins in sewage sludge applied to land as fertilizer, even when used on farms and gardens where food is grown. The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) criticized this decision, saying it violates the Clean Water Act.
- "Dioxins cause cancer and diabetes, as well as nervous system and hormonal problems," said Nancy Stoner, director of NRDC's Clean Water Project. "And the EPA is required by law to protect the public from toxic pollutants like dioxins. This decision shows the agency under this administration has forgotten its mission."[9]
Stoner added:
- "EPA traditionally limits public exposure to chemicals if they pose a cancer risk of one per 1 million Americans," Stoner explained. "But the risk is 1 in 10,000 from the dioxins we already have in our bodies. And cancer isn't the only problem. The EPA itself has said that the non-cancer risks of dioxins are so high that it can't even calculate a 'safe' or acceptable level of exposure. To us that says EPA should keep dioxins out of our food, and that means, among other things, regulating sewage sludge."[10]
NRDC called on the EPA to do the following:
- "Prohibit sludge application on land used for pasture or growing forage food for livestock that will be consumed by humans;
- "Set a dioxins limit at 1 in one million cancer risk to protect public health;
- "Ban land application to sites where dioxin levels in the soil [exceed] 1 parts per trillion (based on ecological risks that cannot be alleviated by management measures, such as banning application to pasture lands, which would reduce risks to human health); and
- "Require pollution prevention programs for sludges with detectible amounts of dioxins."[11]
Unusual Dioxins From Triclosan
The antibacterial agent triclosan, commonly found in antibacterial soaps and other household products, can break down into a number of dioxins in the environment, including 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,8-DCDD), 2,3,7-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7-TCDD), 1,2,8-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1,2,8-TriCDD), and 1,2,3,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1,2,3,8-TCDD).[12] The 2010 study that revealed this found that over the last 30 years, "the levels of the four dioxins derived from triclosan have risen by 200 to 300 percent, while levels of all the other dioxins have dropped by 73 to 90 percent."[13] Researchers say these compounds "represent a previously unrecognized and increasingly important source of di-, tri-, and tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins."[14]
Articles and resources
Related SourceWatch articles
- ↑ Dioxin Homepage, EJnet.org website, Accessed July 16, 2010.
- ↑ U.S. EPA, Dioxins and Furans, Accessed August 6, 2010.
- ↑ Dioxin, State of Maine Department of Environmental Protection website, Accessed July 16th, 2010.
- ↑ The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, "What are POPs?", Accessed August 6, 2010
- ↑ President's Cancer Panel
- ↑ U.S. EPA, Dioxins and Furans, Accessed August 6, 2010.
- ↑ EPA Will Not Protect Public From Dioxins In Land-Applied Sewage Sludge, Natural Resources Defense Council, October 17, 2003, Accessed May 12, 2011.
- ↑ SFPUC Biosolids Compost Memo, San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, July 27, 2010.
- ↑ EPA Will Not Protect Public From Dioxins In Land-Applied Sewage Sludge, Natural Resources Defense Council, October 17, 2003, Accessed May 12, 2011.
- ↑ EPA Will Not Protect Public From Dioxins In Land-Applied Sewage Sludge, Natural Resources Defense Council, October 17, 2003, Accessed May 12, 2011.
- ↑ EPA Will Not Protect Public From Dioxins In Land-Applied Sewage Sludge, Natural Resources Defense Council, October 17, 2003, Accessed May 12, 2011.
- ↑ Jeffrey M. Buth, Peter O. Steen, Charles Sueper, Dylan Blumentritt, Peter J. Vikesland, William A. Arnold and Kristopher McNeill, "Dioxin Photoproducts of Triclosan and Its Chlorinated Derivatives in Sediment Cores", Environmental Science & Technology, May 17, 2010, Accessed August 9, 2010.
- ↑ "Rising Levels of Dioxins from Common Soap Ingredient in Mississippi River, Study Finds", Science Daily, May 25, 2010, Accessed August 9, 2010.
- ↑ Janet Raloff"A new source of dioxins: Clean hands", Science News, May 18, 2010, Accessed August 9, 2010.
External resources
External articles
- Marty Coyne, "Solid Waste: EPA 'Closes Book' by Not Regulating Dioxins in Sludge," Greenwire, October 20, 2003.
- Michael Kilian, "EPA won't regulate dioxin-tainted sludge; Critics argue that risk of disease too high to ease rules," Chicago Tribune, October 18, 2003.
This article is a stub. You can help by expanding it. |


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Welcome on the website from La Belle Maraîchère.
La Belle Maraîchère
Canadian Lobster Festival
from June 8 – 24, 2024
Happy Father's Day, Sunday June 9, 2024
More than 50 years of existence, every one just plain folks to ministers feel at home in the restaurant by Freddy and Serge Devreker, father and son. These families are recognized both nationally and internationally as Belgian Master Chefs.
Depending on what the market offers "La Belle Maraîchère" prepare a daily tree-course menu priced at an exceptionally reasonable level. Thanks also to the varied menu selection, this family establishment belongs to the top rank of restaurants in Brussels, if not Belgium. Many "regulars" of the restaurant have been won over by the gastronomic menu which starts with a typical fish soup course.
Various lobster, salmon and sole dishes rightfully support the name of "La Belle Maraîchère".


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April 21st- May 1st
Too Hot To Trot (Cowboy Way 3)
New York Times, USA Today & Amazon Bestselling Author
Becky McGraw
Buy Links:
UK http://tinyurl.com/nmwuu67
CA http://tinyurl.com/nped47w
AU http://tinyurl.com/kjgfqsq
UK http://tinyurl.com/nmwuu67
CA http://tinyurl.com/nped47w
AU http://tinyurl.com/kjgfqsq
B & N: http://tinyurl.com/km9tzso
ibooks link: http://tinyurl.com/od8shaa
Paperback: https://www.createspace.com/5423232
Heather Morrison wants to become a country music star, and she is not going to let any man get in her way. She'll gladly take their money as a dancer at
the Crazy Cowgirl, but has no use for them otherwise. The night she sees her dreams finally coming true, the best night of her life quickly becomes the
worst, when a stagehand catches her unaware outside the arena. The last man on earth she wants to save her, moody and judgmental Zack Taylor, her best
friend's brother, a man who once called her too hot to trot, is the one who comes to her rescue.
Zack Taylor has life by the balls. He's at the top of the game as a bull rider, owns a rough stock herd which is his retirement plan, and has a life plan
which includes riding two more years, then settling down with a good woman on his own ranch. Those plans go straight to hell when he puts on his white hat
for a woman who has caused him nothing but problems as long as he's known her. Not minding his own business costs him a lot, maybe even his career.
When Heather insists on being the one to help him get back on the bull, Zack is leery, but soon sees he has no choice but to accept her help. Being close
to her, he realizes there is a lot more than meets the eye where sexy Heather Morrison is concerned, and there could be reasons she appears to be the
fastest girl in town. Zack soon wants to know all of her secrets, but could knowing them change his opinion about her? And with that change could helping
her become more important to him than his plan, because he wants to keep her in his life for good?
5 stars
This is the third book in the Cowboy Way series. They do not need to be read in order. This is the only book in this series, and the
first book by Becky McGraw, that I have read.
I have added the others to my to be read list now. This is a great read.
Zack Taylor is a bull rider.
He is a cocky, judgmental, caring, protective, 30 year old, hot
cowboy. But, he changes a lot in this
book, but the end, he is everything I stated above, but he isn't judgmental
anymore. He is a great man. His plans change after he gets stabbed when
trying to stop Heather's attacker.
Heather Morrison has a lifetime of secrets. She has been on the run since she was 15
years old. Her real name is Haley
Morgan, but she can't use that name. I'm
not going to say what she is running from though. She is a singer, or trying to be, and also a
dancer at a cowboy men's club.
Zack needs physical therapy, so Heather lets him stay with
her. Her secrets start coming out, and
things change for both of them.
"Get ready for the ride of your life then,
This is a great book.
I really enjoyed the characters.
It was nice to read a book where the characters fight for the
relationship, and for their life.
All Books in the Cowboy Way Series are standalones
18+ Excerpt from Too Hot To Trot, (c) Becky McGraw 2015:
"We're having a threesome," Zack announced with a grin.
Heather was comfortable with her battery-operated-boyfriend, and maybe that would help them transition to the big show. And he was also curious what he had
to measure up to. He'd never actually used one before himself, he liked doing things the old-fashioned way, so this would be new for him too.
Heather shot up to sit and glare at him. "I don't think so, cowboy," she said, scooting toward the foot of the bed. Zack grabbed her arm, and she tried to
pull away.
"With Bob," he clarified, laughter bubbling in his throat. "Where do you keep him?"
"Oh!" she said, then her eyes narrowed. "Really?"
"Really," Zack confirmed.
Heather huffed a breath as she collapsed on her back on the bed. "You had me scared there for a second." The tremble in her voice made him sorry he'd
teased her.
With a growl, he laid beside her and put his arm over her waist. She looked at him, and he held her gaze. "I will never do anything to scare or hurt you,
Heather. You're still in control, angel. Always in control. Do you understand?" She nodded, and he kissed her forehead. "Now where does Bob sleep?" he
asked, with a laugh, trying to get her comfortable again.
"In the nightstand drawer," she replied with a giggle. "He has a nice, comfy velvet sleeping bag in there."
"Only the best for Bob," Zack said. He rolled to the edge of the bed, sat up and pulled open the drawer. Fishing around blindly, his pinkie brushed velvet,
and his hand closed over a very small pouch, which confused him. "Bob's awfully small," he commented pulling out the pouch to loosen the strings. He
emptied the small silver bullet and rubber ring out into his hand and was even more confused.
"Bob is a vibrator, not a dildo. That's in the closet, because I kind of bought one that was a little too big." She rolled up behind him, then sat up to
take the vibrator from his hand. Shoving it into the rubber sheath, Heather slid it onto her forefinger, and wiggled it. "Voila—instant orgasm. No man
needed," she said smugly.
"Yeah, but how will it be with a real man behind the controls?" Zack asked, sliding the rubber band from her finger to put it on own. He wiggled it under
her nose. "Put on your seatbelt, baby—Bob is on the bus, but Zack is driving it to O-town."
About the author
A jack of many trades, NYT and USA Today Bestselling Author Becky McGraw has been an optician, a beautician, a legal secretary, a real estate broker, web
designer, graphic artist, and romance writer. She knows just enough to make her dangerous, and her books varied and interesting. Becky resides in Florida
with her husband of thirty-three years and her dog Abby. She is a member of the Romance Writers of America Published Authors Network.
You can contact Becky McGraw here:
Facebook: www.facebook.com/beckymcgrawbooks
Website: www.beckymcgraw.com
Twitter: @beckymcgrawbook
Email: email@example.com


text:
If you are a retired woman teacher from any part of the world, please consider joining RWTO/OERO. Regardless of whether or not you are collecting a teacher's pension, or how long you taught, our organization offers many benefits: the opportunity to continue networking, maintain friendships and enjoy camaraderie and the opportunity to participate in the various insurance plans which are available to all members.
For more information, or to obtain contact information for joining an RWTO/OERO Branch near you, please contact the Provincial Office at 1-877-607-6696, email us at firstname.lastname@example.com, or complete and submit the form below.
Annual Membership Fee: $50.00
(Individual branches may add a small additional fee for local benefits and activities. Check out more information about individual branches under Branch News.)


text:
Introducing the ONE GUARANTEE That Puts The Customer First.
We believe the best customer experience comes from not only how our products perform and how easy they are to use, but also from giving our customers the peace of mind to know that our MFP are backed by the best guarantee in the industry. So when your new MFP arrives, you'll know you are getting the latest technology, superior service and support and a lease-long guarantee, direct from the manufacturer.
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text:
LONDON, June 11 (UPI) -- Britain sought to distance itself from the U.S. government snooping scandal despite a "Five Eyes" intelligence-sharing deal with the National Security Agency.
The deal, known as the United Kingdom-United States of America Agreement, calls for the United States, Britain, Canada, New Zealand and Australia to share intelligence and especially cooperate in intercepting electronic communications, including electronic signals not normally used in communication.
The five cooperating countries are known as the Five Eyes alliance.
The NSA is the U.S. government agency whose electronic surveillance and data mining is at the center of the scandal.
British newspaper The Guardian initially reported the existence of a program that collects data on all phone calls made on the Verizon network. Later in the week, The Guardian and The Washington Post reported the existence of a separate top-secret program, code-named PRISM, that collects the Internet data of foreigners from major Internet companies.
Edward Snowden -- a 29-year-old former CIA computer technician and government contractor working until recently at an NSA facility in Hawaii -- said Sunday he leaked the top-secret information because "the public needs to decide whether these programs and policies are right or wrong."
The U.S. Justice Department has begun the process of charging him with disclosing classified information.
Canada and New Zealand wouldn't say if they used data gathered through PRISM. Australia had no immediate comment.
British Foreign Secretary William Hague, who canceled a trip to Washington to address Parliament on the issue, spoke about a report in The Guardian Monday that Britain's Government Communications Headquarters intelligence agency used the PRISM espionage program to circumvent British law and snoop on emails and phone calls since at least June 2010.
"It has been suggested GCHQ uses our partnership with the United States to get around U.K. law, obtaining information that they cannot legally obtain in the U.K. I wish to be absolutely clear that this accusation is baseless," Hague said Monday.
"Any data obtained by us from the U.S. involving U.K. nationals is subject to proper U.K. statutory controls and safeguards," he said.
But he admitted personally approving "hundreds" of intelligence missions "every year" -- many involving U.S. spies.
Canadian Defense Minister Peter MacKay declined to say if Canada was using PRISM data but said Canada's own top-secret online and phone metadata surveillance program, known as the Communication Security Establishment, was "prohibited" from looking at Canadians' information.
"This program is very much directed at activities outside the country, foreign threats in fact," CTV News quoted him as telling the House of Commons.
MacKay said Canada's CSE program has operated "for years."
New Zealand Prime Minister John Key refused to rule out if his country could have been involved in the PRISM spy program.
"We don't comment on security matters," Television New Zealand quoted him as saying.
Australian government officials had no immediate comment.


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Polly 7-Week Post TPLO Surgery Update
I figured it's time to give you all an update on how doggie is doing. After all Polly is whole reason we've ended up here in Sun Valley ID. If it weren't for her we'd never have discovered this place, and if it weren't for her we'd certainly never have thought of spending a whole month here. It's strange how life takes these turns for you -> you go through a crisis that pushes you in a direction you never planned, but ends up (in the end) being a fabulous discovery. In our case it's the classic story of "the dog made us do it" which has transformed (all things said and done) into a very nice tale (tail? hahaha).
But I digress from the subject. So, how IS doggie doing?
Slow, But Progressive Healing
Overall healing has been slow, but progressive and admittedly it's been a bit hard to watch. TPLO surgery involves the breaking of a bone, so you basically have to go through bone healing before you can start building the leg back up to it's pre-break activity. It takes 8 weeks minimum for a bone to heal and even then it's not 100%. In the meantime all you can do is slow, controlled walks (20-30 mins, 3-4x per day), and exercises that help increase range of motion and re-build muscle mass (which has wasted away from the injury) in the operated leg. The goal is to build that leg back up so that the dog eventually walks "normally" (using all 4 legs evenly) again.
It's an agonizingly slow process where you see both progression and multiple set-backs (dog gets sore, you rest up, things improve and dog gets sore again). It's also a struggle when you have a dog who's very active and used to vigorous 3-5 mile walks on a daily basis. Going "slow" is not really Polly's natural pace.
We Have To Outsmart Doggie
In Polly's case we've had the extra challenge of trying to outwit her smarts too. When Polly got injured she immediately compensated with her other legs and learned to hop around on 3 legs very effectively. Being the smart doggie that she is, she retained her memory of that injury and knows her bionic leg "isn't quite right" so she's very reluctant (and dubious) of re-using it. That means we have to spend quite a lot of our rehab time "tricking" her into using the leg to re-gain her confidence in it and normalize her gait. A dumber dog would probably just use the leg, but in Polly's case she needs to be encouraged and cajoled into using it properly. It's like training her to walk all over again!
First Day Of Rehab – Acupuncture & Initial Analysis
We started rehab the day after we arrived in Ketchum. The Canine Rehabilitation Center here is a lovely little spot located in a small building just next to the place Polly had her surgery. It's walking distance from the RV Park (less than 10 mins away) and offers pretty much everything you'd want for doggie rehab including both eastern and western techniques. It's a really nice place and I immediately got a good "vibe" when we walked in.
Polly's first session was with Dr. Heidi Woog, a wonderfully warm holistic vet who assessed her condition and gave her a first session of acupuncture. Having been brought up in Asia, I'm a huge proponent of acupuncture (Paul became a convert when he had his back injury in Bandon in 2012), so it was super cool to see the exact same techniques applied to doggie. Polly was SUPER nervous (she's always been a very skittish dog), but she eventually relaxed and the acupuncture visibly relieved some on-going pain she's had in her lower back since the injury (she would always "tremble" when I massaged her there, and that resolved after the acupuncture). Acupuncture -> 4 paws up!
Overall the doc was very happy with how well Polly's leg was looking, especially her excellent range of motion. In fact she was so impressed she asked me what I'd been doing. Those of you who read my 3-week post-TPLO blog will know I started doing Range of Motion (ROM) exercises with Polly the first week after her surgery using a website & videos I found online. Apparently it's very common for dogs to "seize up" in their TPLO leg, especially if they don't start putting weight on the leg right away. Doing proper ROM exercises, which apparently very few people do, is the best way to avoid that. I have to admit I was pretty relieved to hear I'd been doing it right thing and that her leg was progressing well. Phew! Range Of Motion Exercises -> 4 paws up!
Given how well Polly was progressing and her general nervousness at being handled by others, the doc recommended we stick to 2x per week water therapy supplemented by home exercises with a final evaluation after 5 weeks of rehab. That means we're staying in Sun Valley through the first week of August which is fine with us.
On-Going Hydrotheraphy (Underwater Treadmill)
We started hydrotherapy our first day too. For this we were handed over to the rehab technician, a lovely lady by the name of Amelia Smith and she's the gal we've been seeing 2x per week since then.
Doggie hydrotherapy is a pretty interesting process. You put the dog into a large clear-walled tank/treadmill that is slowly filled with water until it reaches just above the dog's stomach. Then the treadmill is turned on so that doggie is forced to walk through the water. The water resistance encourages the dog to use all 4 legs equally while helping to build muscle mass. It's supportive and also a natural gait equalizer. Given Polly's smarts and the fact that she needs to be "tricked" into using her bionic leg properly, I figured hydrotheraphy would be key to her rehab progress and that's absolutely turned out to be the case.
As usual she was very nervous to start with, but through lots of treats and encouragement she's gotten more comfortable with the process and she's now happy to jump in and walk steadily inside the tank. We've progressed from only ~5 minutes our first day to ~15 minutes at her last session and it's been one of the BEST things we've done for her. Each time we do it Polly's gait visibly improves and each time we do it she walks more confidently afterwards too. We are LOVING the hydrotherapy! Hydrotherapy -> 4 paws up!
Home Exercises
In addition to the bi-weekly sessions at the rehab center, we've been given several home exercises to do with doggie on a daily basis:
Paw Lifts -> lifting each paw one at a time for 15-30 secs. This forces her to balance on the other 3 paws. The goal is to progressively increase this daily until she is comfortable standing on all 3 paws with equal weight.
- Obstacle Pole Course -> We create "pole courses" at home using brooms, hiking sticks & wooden blocks (our jack blocks). We do regular "pole walks" and "circle over poles" walks. Both exercises encourage doggie to lift, balance on and use both legs.
- Sit to Stand Exercises -> Just basic sit to stand.
- Passive Range of Motion Exercises -> This is basically what I've been doing since 1 week post-op. Polly lies down on her side and I just take the bionic leg in my hand and gently extend & flex the leg in a circular motion. I'll gently stretch her legs when she's standing too.
- Massage & Light Therapy -> I massage the back leg muscles everyday and I'm also still using the Tendlite Red Light Therapy Pen everyday. She loves it and it seems to help her recover.
And Some Good Rest
In-between the rehab we've had to re-adjust our usual Wheelingit schedule to accommodate Polly's physical limits. Before the injury we were walking ~5 miles a day with doggie. In fact most of our exercise revolved around her. With her limited physical abilities we've had change this up to do short walks with her followed by separate exercise for us. Also, so that the poor doggie doesn't get bored we've incorporated more play (non-physical), mind games (training tricks) and "auto-hiking" (basically taking Polly in the car and exploring that way). It's a change in the way we usually do things, but it seems to be working.
That wraps up our 7-week post surgery update. At the end of next week we'll get our 8 week X-rays which should (hopefully) show that the bone is properly healed. Then we'll have another acupuncture and evaluation by Dr. Woog to see how Polly has progressed. With all this we'll be here until through at least the first week of Aug and after that we'll see. For now doggie is calling the shots. Next up it'll be the cat. We're just traveling at the whim of the paws right now and we're A-OK with that.


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Strap on those boots and grab your cowboy hat for one of the most boot scootin' nights of your life at Ole Red's live music honky-tonk dance party every Friday and Saturday nights starting at 9 p.m. You read that right, every weekend we're turning up the live music to become your FREE spot for dancing and plenty of signature drinks to put a boogie in your step.
Just show up. You're gonna love what happens next.
What: Ole Red's Honky-Tonk Nights Live Music Dance Party
Featuring live music, open dance floor, drink specials, and more!
When: Every Friday and Saturday night starting at 9 PM
Where: Ole Red Orlando at Icon Park
Price: FREE


text:
Pixelache Festival 2004
Audiovisual Architecture
26 March — 4 April 2004, Helsinki, Finland
PixelACHE is an annual festival of electronic art, design and technology. The theme for this year is Audiovisual architecture, experimenting with the border between the digital domain and the physical world.
PixelACHE Festival 2004 goes on for 10 days, starting in Stockholm and continuing in Helsinki.


text:
Avengers Iron Man
In stock
Tel: 070-9792007
E-Mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Adress: Kortleksbolaget Sverige AB
Båtsmansgatan 15, 566 35 Habo
Org nr: 559275-3403
Kortleksbolaget started spring of 2019 and is located in Habo, 12 miles north of Jönköping. Kortleksbolaget is mainly driven as an online store, but if you wish to visit us to see the store/exhibition -always with over 500 different playing cards in stock- you're welcome to reach out and visit for a cup of coffee and some hanging out. Welcome!


text:
It is currently well known that bukkit has been given a dmca request by Wesley Wolfie, but now that that has happened, we now need to rebuild!
So here is whats happening, the folks over from bukkit are now working on a new modding api, called sponge! currently 'Sponge will start with Minecraft 1.8, with Vanilla Client Support on Forge.'
Old plugins that were written on bukkit will most likely have to be removed, unless someone finds a way to make them compatible with sponge.
Here is a large extract of what they plan to do.
Our ultimate goal is to create a modding API that is easy to use for owners of small servers for friends and family, owners of large servers, and everyone in between. In addition, we also plan to permit client modding.
- Sponge mods should work across several different Minecraft versions without needing an update from the developer, which means that you don't have to worry about all your mods breaking between each new major release of Minecraft (1.6, 1.7, 1.8, etc.).
- Sponge will support official interoperability with Forge so you can use both Sponge mods and Forge mods together. We are working directly with the Forge team.
- While Sponge will not be directly supporting Bukkit, community projects have been started that aim to provide complete support for existing Bukkit plugins on top of Sponge
the whole plan can be found here
Good Luck to you all
EDIT, also check out PROJECT RAINBOW, they currently have downloads and plugins up for grabs.


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DECEMBER 17, 2012 — KansasFest 2013, the Apple II convention scheduled for July 23 –28 in Kansas City, Missouri, comes on the thirty-fifth anniversary of the Disk ][ disk drive, Apple DOS, and Applesoft BASIC. To celebrate this anniversary, Randy Wigginton, Apple employee #6 and engineer who worked on all three of these innovations, will be the keynote speaker.
In 1978, Wigginton was a brilliant young high school student working alongside Apple co-founder Wozniak. Wigginton was an early member of the famous Homebrew Computer Club, often caught rides to club meetings with Wozniak, and was there for the unveiling of the Apple I. At age 14, Wigginton started writing software for the Apple I. He assisted with the early design of and software for the Apple II and manned the booth at the West Coast Computer Faire introducing the Apple II. He was part of the all-night coding session in January 1978 that allowed Apple to introduce a working disk drive the following day at the Consumer Electronics Show. Later that year, Wigginton adapted Microsoft BASIC to become Applesoft BASIC and wrote the RWTS (Read/Write Track/Sector) software routines critical to the operation of Apple DOS and the new disk drive. The MacWrite software was among Wigginton's contributions to the company beyond the Apple II. Wigginton continues to work in the computer industry today, currently with Square.
Wigginton's work on DOS and Applesoft contributed to the success of the Apple II computer. The low cost disk drive and DOS revolutionized data storage on the Apple II. The low cost disk drive and DOS revolutionized data storage on the Apple II. Previously, users had no choice but to use slow and unreliable cassette tapes to store and distribute their programs and data. Applesoft BASIC became the most widely used programming language for the Apple II and the foundation for much commercial and hobbyist software.
KansasFest is an annual convention offering Apple II users and retrocomputing enthusiasts the opportunity to engage in beginner and technical sessions, programming contests, exhibition halls, and camaraderie. KansasFest was originally hosted by Resource Central and has been brought to you by the KFest committee since 1995. Any and all Apple II users, fans, and friends are invited to attend this year's event. Registration details will be announced on the KansasFest Web site in early 2013. For photos, videos, and presentations from past KansasFests, please visit the event's official Web site at http://www.kansasfest.org/.
KansasFest 2013


text:
Subtitle Edit 4.0.6 Multilingual
Subtitle Edit 4.0.6 Multilingual | Size: 10.47 MB
Language: English
Subtitle Edit (SE) is an editor for video subtitlea powerful subtitle editor. With SE you can easily adjust a subtitle if it is out of sync with the video and much more. For a list of features see below or check out the Subtitle Edit Help page. Also, you can watch a few videos about installing and using Subtitle Edit. Dny238 has written a nice tutorial about Syncing Subtitles with Subtitle Edit :).
* Create/adjust/sync/translate subtitle lines
* Convert between SubRib, MicroDVD, Substation Alpha, SAMI, youtube sbv, and many more
* Video player uses DirectShow or VLC media player
* Visually sync/adjust a subtitle (start/end position and speed)
* Auto Translation via Google translate or Microsoft Bing Translate
* Rip subtitles from a (decrypted) dvd
* Import and OCR VobSub sub/idx binary subtitles (can use Tesseract via Tessnet2)
* Can open subtitles embedded inside matroska files
* Can read and write UTF-8 and other unicode files (besides ANSI)
* Sync: Show texts earlier/later
* Merge/split
* Adjust display time
* Fix common errors wizard
* Spell checking via Open Office dictionaries/NHunspell (many dictionaries available)
* Remove text for hear impaired (HI)
* Renumbering
* Swedish to danish translation built-in (via Multi Translator Online)
* Effects: Typewriter and karoake
* History/undo manager
* Compare subtitles
* Multiple search and replace
* Change casing using names dictionary
Say "Thank You"


text:
One of Canada's foremost experts on child protection online said she is "very optimistic" that a panel advising cabinet ministers about combating online harm can map out a way to protect minors from sexual exploitation on the internet.
Lianna McDonald, executive director of the Canadian Centre for Child Protection, was among a dozen people appointed last week to the expert panel asked to help the government craft a new online safety bill.
Heritage Minister Pablo Rodriguez and Justice Minister David Lametti are preparing to reintroduce a bill tackling online harms, including racist and antisemitic abuse. The first version was introduced in the waning days of the last Parliament and when the election was called it died without ever being debated in the House of Commons.
The inclusion of McDonald on the new advisory panel signals that tackling online child abuse will be a key element of the forthcoming bill.
Listen to this episode of the Connections podcast on protecting your kids
She said there is an urgent need for a way to force tech companies to swiftly remove indecent images of children as reports of victimization keep rising.
The Cybertip.ca tip line the centre runs has seen a 37 per cent increase in reports of online victimization of children over the past year. The average age of victims reporting online victimization and the non-consensual distribution of intimate images is 14, with many female victims as young as 12.
The line has also handled a 79 per cent increase in reports of "sextortion" — extorting money or sexual favours from minors with threats to reveal evidence of their sexual behaviour.
McDonald has been advising British officials on the U.K.'s new online harms bill, which she said is a "game changer."
Canadian officials have been studying the U.K. bill, which imposes a "duty of care" on tech firms, forcing them to swiftly remove child abuse images from platforms or face substantial fines.
McDonald said a voluntary approach requesting firms remove indecent and exploitative images is not working and millions of explicit photos and videos are still circulating.
"This has been allowed to fester for decades," she said.
The Canadian Centre for Child Protection has its own program called Project Arachnid, which scans the internet for indecent images of children. It has captured millions of exploitative images, prompting removal notices to be sent to tech firms, and has prompted the removal of six million images and videos since 2017.
Sean Litton, executive director of the Tech Coalition, which was set up to fight online child exploitation, said the Arachnid program plays a valuable role but the vast majority of exploitative content is detected by the industry itself and taken down.
"The tech industry has a very special responsibility to ensure that its platforms are safe for children," he said. "The members of the coalition take this very seriously and proactively identify and take it down and report it."
The coalition's members include Facebook, Google, Twitter, Yahoo, Discord and TikTok.
YouTube says it commits significant time and resources to removing violative content as quickly as possible, and removed more than 1.8 million videos for violating its policies between April and June last year. This includes videos with sexual themes or obscenity meant to target young minors and families.
But McDonald said providers sometimes resist requests to remove exploitative images, including images of known sexual exploitation victims dating back decades.
She said the centre has had to argue about whether some graphic and suggestive images of young children fall within their guidelines on removing harmful material.
"Videos of children being beaten, they don't fit under a clear internal code. We were having a back and forth with companies about bringing the videos down," she said.
McDonald said that in addition to indecent images, tech platforms could be slow to remove online chats about child sexual exploitation.
She said that although many pedophiles communicate on the dark web, much of the material is on the "clear" web, and can be spotted and taken down swiftly if tech firms agree.
The House of Commons ethics committee published a report last year saying Canadians who have their image posted to Pornhub or other online streaming platforms without their consent should have the right to have it taken down immediately.
The report also recommended making online platforms liable for failing to ensure that material is deleted quickly, as well as measures to ensure those depicted in pornographic content are at least 18 years old and consented to it being published.
The committee conducted its study into sites such as Pornhub, owned by Montreal-based MindGeek, after a New York Times article alleged the site had hosted videos of child sexual assaults and exploitation.
Pornhub said it has "stringent" policies to "combat and eradicate unwanted content" which far surpass those of other major platforms. It said it is at the forefront of combating and eradicating illegal content, and bans content from unverified uploaders.
A spokesman said anyone who has material posted without their consent should have the right to have it taken down immediately, which is Pornhub's policy.
The Liberals promised to reintroduce the online harms bill within 100 days of the fall election, a deadline that came and went almost two months ago.
A consultation launched last summer suggested its passage could be fraught with difficulty with some arguing the bill could stifle freedom of speech online and infringe privacy rights.
Some of the members of the new expert panel are among the critics of the first bill.
The panel will hold workshops and conduct additional consultations, including with online platforms over the next two months, and Rodriguez said the bill will be tabled as soon as possible after that.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published April 5, 2022.


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Everything That You Want Is Available To You - The Council
Many of you spend great amounts of your time each day searching for, yearning for, asking for things that you are sure will make you lives better. Many of you are asking for things that you understand as being able to make yourselves more complete. And you think that perhaps you are doing something wrong or perhaps that you have not yet discovered some magic key. We will say to you that the yearning is in great part a knowing of what is possible for you. We will say that whatever you need will be yours when it is needed. Is there something wrong with desiring to have it before such a time? No, there is not. In fact, less likely would be a better term than wrong. Does that mean that you may not have it? No, of course it does not. When you were young, did you not have a bicycle even though you could have done without one? So, what's going on? You are learning. You are learning who you are. You learning what you are capable of. You are learning now what you are becoming – another little added piece of your life's puzzle. You have been told recently that you are now becoming multi-dimensional beings. You have new tools, new abilities. What in the world does that mean? As usual, we will point out that it will mean different things to each of you, even though there will be many similarities. There are those among you who truly miss having capabilities that you know very well a part of you. You feel as if they are misplaced in a wrong pocket. There is no question in your minds that they exist. You ask us over and over to help you claim them. You see them all around you, and yet… We do not have control over your gifts, you see. Who would have that control? Why, of course that is you. So, what are we saying? We are suggesting that you turn your sight, your intentions, your 'manifesting magnets', and your requests inward. Speak with your Self with the full understanding that you are a part of her, a part of him. And have a sure understanding of how you intend to use those manifestations when they arrive. Be ultra-sure that having them pop into your reality suddenly would not be, shall we say, disconcerting. Suddenly you hear conversations all around you. Suddenly you see people walking through your doors and walls. You should realize that you are awakening gradually not because you have done something wrong, but because your comfort zones are being worked with. Come to an agreement with your Self. And magnetize. You know how to do that. Only point your magnets inward. Now, when you see these things emerging for others, is a time of possibilities. It is a time of possibilities because of the current energies of the world you are living in, not because we say so. So it is rather like looking in all the pockets of your jeans instead of on the floor around you. You know those things are not on the floor around you, so stop searching there. Now if we may, let us take a quick look at the current state of your surroundings. Things appear to be a bit chaotic and unpredictable. So allow us to make a small prediction. We predict that everything will be all right. You would not have thought so at a great many times in your history. Is that not so? If you were standing in front of the gates when the Huns approached the city, would you have thought everything would be OK? And yet, here you are, living in world that you could not have imagined then – could not have imagined a few scant years ago. Everything will be all right. How many times have you been told, "Be not afraid?" Quite a few, we think. You will be afraid if you believe that the world is happening to you. You will be unafraid if you understand that you are its co-creator. Your thought, your emotion, your intent, your beliefs have as much effect on the outcome as anyone's. And everyone's has an effect. Smiling we say, "Your vote counts." And the system is rigged. How many times do you open a door and see the dark rush in and make a lit room dark? So, the force is with you. Blessings and love to you this day. Copyright © Ronald Head. All Rights Reserved. You may copy and redistribute this material so long as you do not alter it in any way, the content remains complete, and you include this copyright notice link: http://ronahead.com/ Your comment will be posted after it is approved.
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Author- you're not gonna believe this;Thoughts from "beyond" transcribed by Davo for you as is... CategoriesArchives
June 2024


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Framed or unframed, desk size to sofa size, printed by us in Arizona and Alabama since 2007. Explore now.
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Our holdings include hundreds of glass and film negatives/transparencies that we've scanned ourselves; in addition, many other photos on this site were extracted from reference images (high-resolution tiffs) in the Library of Congress research archive. (To query the database click here.) They are adjusted, restored and reworked by your webmaster in accordance with his aesthetic sensibilities before being downsized and turned into the jpegs you see here. All of these images (including "derivative works") are protected by copyright laws of the United States and other jurisdictions and may not be sold, reproduced or otherwise used for commercial purposes without permission.
September 1911. Indian Orchard, Massachusetts. "Clarence Noel, 138 Main Street, Indian Orchard. Doffer in Hodges Fibre Carpet Co. of Indian Orchard Mfg. Co. Said 'made seven dollars last week'." Clarence is in a number of other Indian Orchard photos here. View full size.
September 1911. Indian Orchard, Massachusetts. "Alfred Gengreau, 20 Beaudry Street; Joseph Miner, 15 Water Street. Both work in Mr. Baker's room. Indian Orchard Mill." Photo by Lewis Wickes Hine. View full size.
Young workers in front of Indian Orchard Mfg. Co. Indian Orchard, Massachusetts. September 1911. View full size.
Group in front of Indian Orchard Mfg. Co. Everyone in public was working. Indian Orchard, Massachusetts. September 1911. Uncropped full image.
Young workers in front of Indian Mfg. Co., Indian Orchard, Massachusetts. September 1911. Photo by Lewis Wickes Hine. View full size.
Machine used in mine that digs the coal and loads it on the car. With it three men can do the work of 50 in the old way. Yet they use boys to drive and trap. Gary, West Virginia. September 1908. View full size.
Bank Boss (on right), Brake Boy (in center). Laura Mine, Red Star, West Virginia. September 1908. View full size.
September 1908. Gary, West Virginia. "Drivers and Mules in a coal mine where much of the mining and carrying is done by machinery. Open flame on oil headlamps." View full size.
From the Web site of the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission and the Museum of Anthracite Mining in Ashland:
October 1914. Mobile, Alabama. "Young newsboy who begins work at daybreak." View full size. Photograph by Lewis Wickes Hine.
Eugene Dalton, November 1913, Fort Worth, Texas. Some results of messenger and newsboy work. For nine years this 16-year-old boy has been newsboy and messenger for drug stores and telegraph companies. He was recently brought before the Judge of the Juvenile Court for incorrigibility at home. Is now out on parole, and was working again for drug company when he got a job carrying grips in the Union Depot. He is on the job from 6 a.m. to 11 p.m. (17 hours a day) for seven days in the week. His mother and the judge think he uses cocaine, and yet they let him put in these long hours every day. He told me "There ain't a house in 'The Acre' (red-light district) that I ain't been in. At the drug store, all my deliveries were down there." Says he makes $15 to $18 a week. View full size.
December 1910. "Shorpy Higginbotham, a 'greaser' on the tipple at Bessie Mine, of the Sloss-Sheffield Steel and Iron Co. in Alabama. Said he was 14 years old, but it is doubtful. Carries two heavy pails of grease, and is often in danger of being run over by the coal cars." Photograph and caption by Lewis Wickes Hine. View full size.


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The nice people at Meher Baba Film Archive International in England are letting us preview the restored film footage of Beloved Baba's Entombment. "The Entombment Film" (aka "The Great Darshan") of Meher Baba's laying to rest between January 31st and February 7th 1969. MBF (or MEFA) was started by Delia de Leon and Pete Townshend at Meher Baba Oceanic in London. It is the most complete archive of film of Meher Baba in the world. The present curator of the archive, Richard O'Casey, was uniquely given personal permission by Mehera and Mani to show The Entombment Film to people who have a sympathy with or understanding of Meher Baba. Richard told us, "All the 16mm Kodachrome footage taken at the Entombment has been very successfully restored. This ten minute film is a shortened version of the material to capture the poi nuance and magnificence of this great event in 1969, and also to showcase the new restoration. |
In 1968 Baba told Bhau to write a children's book including stories He had given him. And then he forgot. In 2002, Bhau was reminded of Baba's wish and has therefore written Nectar for the Children, including stories such as The Mischievous Chicken, The Two Kings, The Seven Fishes and more, totaling 18 stories in all. Nad Wolinska has enlived each story with beautifully painted color illustrations. Following each story is an explanation of it's moral and spiritual meaning.
Click here to get your copy!
Jai Meher Baba to you all!
My last Meherabad Diary was in January 2013. After years of taking a break, I have been feeling strongly the need to share the many changes that are happening here in Meherabad. Our life is changing so fast that it is almost hard to keep up, and I am concerned the Baba Lover community in the future may not know of these daily changes unless they are recorded. I hope you find them interesting, as I sure do.
Judy Stephens
To read Judy's Meherabad Diary, click here.
Jelauddin Balkhi (Rumi), God realized 13th century poet. Described by Meher Baba as one of the greatest minds to ever be born upon the earth.
Come, come whomever you are, wanderer, worshipper, lover of leaving. Ours is not a caravan of despair but ours is a caravan of hope. Come, come even if you've broken your vows a thousand times. Come yet again, come...
Read more about Adrian, his life with Baba and his poetry click here |
Since January, 2000 the Trust has been sending out periodic news postings through the internet to a subscriber email list. "Tavern Talk", as this electronic publication has been entitled, serves as a kind of informal worldwide "family letter" carrying announcements, news and stories from the mandali, reports on special events such as Amartithi and Birthday programmes, moments and episodes and fragrances from the life of Meherabad and Meherazad, and other miscellaneous accounts.
The phrase "Tavern Talk" is an illusion to the divine "Tavern of Love" celebrated in the ghazals of Hafiz and other Sufi poets. To subscribe, send an email to <firstname.lastname@example.com> , and in the body of the communication type: subscribe tavern-talk.
A Film by Rich Mauro
Inspired by Meher Baba's book, God Speaks, this humorous short depicts the Universe's origination from Primordial Nothingness and one drop soul's evolution – mineral, worm...animal to human being - then its spiritual advancement to Universal Nothingness, finally reaching the state of God-Realization. The film shows that everyone, even Boston Red Sox or New York Yankees fans can achieve this sublime state. Click on the link to watch Creation: The Abbreviated Version |
A special gift for you... O' Parvardigar by Pete Townshend Happy Birthday Avatar Meher Baba! Thanks Pete...don &Dave AMBKJ!!! |
The Music of Bob and Jane BrownFrom the Best of Bob and Jane Brown A compilation of the best songs recorded by Bob and Jane Brown from the years 1973-1991. And a never-released song as well! Their voices blend like honey and butter. They are accompanied by Raphael Rudd on harp, Jeff Seitz on drums (Jeff was the stand in for Stuart Copland of The Police). Julie Kohl-Skiff on violin (former violinist in the National Symphony) and many, many other great musicians and singers |
Click the arrow on the top left of the video to select other Baba Videos to watch!


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Maintaining Growth is all About Balance
It's safe to say the majority of small business owners crave growth and expansion.
It's typically associated with success, especially in the business world.
But growth can also create a number of challenges.
Oftentimes, businesses that experience success and development in the first few years are affected by stages of rapid change, which can alter the stability of the company.
Maintaining growth can be difficult for anyone, regardless of the industry.
It's the responsibility of business owners to prepare themselves, creating a successful long-term business environment, or they may learn the hard way.
According to David Dourgarian, CEO of TempWorks Software, there are two key components business owners must understand to maintain growth. He believes keeping a constant balance between business development and internal infrastructure, while never letting one priority get too far in front of the other, is essential.
Dourgarian describes some of the issues he's seen when staffing industry business owners ignored balancing business and infrastructure:
If companies ignore business development, they are susceptible to these obstacles:
· A lack of new customers or expansion into new markets
· Engaging in business with predatory customers, ones that use partnerships as a low cost source of credit rather than a source of talent
· Upsetting relationships with lenders and insurers by concentrating business within a single core customer
Ignoring infrastructure can lead to the following problems:
· Technology systems don't scale outside the first couple of storefronts
· Lenders continue to be inflexible and expensive
· Insurance remains expensive in the absence of
o face control of customers (and)
o safety guidelines for temporary employees
From firsthand experience within his own company, along with the many clients he's worked with over the years, Dourgarian has witnessed firsthand what maintaining this balance can do for any business.
"In the staffing industry, the best companies balance business development and internal infrastructure, but this advice applies to all businesses. Most staffing agencies that stop growing did so because they were unable to maintain a constant focus on both," said Dourgarian. "If you look at some of our customers like Hire Dynamicsor Integrity, they grow responsibly and profitably because they concentrate on both business development and infrastructure. There was always a focus on sales but at the same time, the companies never skimped on technology and other updates. They knew they would need them both in the years to come when they were a magnitude of order larger."
David Dourgarian is the CEO of TempWorks Software, a provider of staffing software and payroll funding.


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Here at Laredo Texas, we know that every second counts in your busy life. You already have a ton of responsibilities, so getting a Texas cash advance needs to be quick and easy. In order to help you we've made the application process as effortless as possible. Our application is simplified and includes only absolutely necessary information.
Laredo Texas payday loans and cash advances are lending products that don't require any collateral from Texas customers. They are also short-term Texas products that provide up to $2000. They are fitted to needs of Laredo customers who have temporary financial problems. They can support home budgets till the next payday.
You can get finances up to $2000 right now. The total amount that you can get will depend on how much money you earn as a regular salary in Laredo Texas or other sources of Texas monthly income.
Laredo payday loans can be used to pay for the expenses of celebrating special occasions. Also you can use them to cover unexpected expenses that you didn't plan and they couldn't be avoided.


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Africa pepper African red pepper American pepper American red pepper Bird pepper Capsicum Chili pepper Chilies Cockspur pepper Garden pepper Goat's pepper Pod pepper Red pepper Spanish pepper Zanzibar pepper
A very hot pepper, cayenne is a perennial plant in its native tropical America but is annual when cultivated outside tropical zones. Growing to a height of 3 feet or more, its glabrous stem is woody at the bottom and branched near the top. The leaves are ovate to lanceolate, entire, and petioled. The drooping, white to yellow glowers grow alone or in pairs or threes between April and September. The ripe fruit, or pepper, is a many-seeded pod with a leathery outside in various shades of red or yellow.
Cayenne pepper (capsicum frutescens, var. longum) comes from the ground, dried ripe red pepper pods of a small tropical shrub. This ground red pepper, combined with yeast and flour, is baked into a hard cake, which is then ground into the finished spice. Used in curries and chili powders; in small amounts added to bland foods like eggs and cream sauce. It has no odor and its taste is hot and acrid.
Paprika (capsicum frutescens) comes from the cayenne pepper. Different varieties of paprika vary in quality and pungency; some of the best come from Hungary. Uses include: goulashes, and to add color and flavor to many bland, savory dishes.
Other varieties: Long red cayenne (C. annum), also called Manchi-phalam in Sanskrit; Jalapeno, Anaheim, Hungarian Wax, Purple Venuzuetan.
From the Greek kapto, "I bite", capsicum is a biting plant. The best comes from Africa, Asia, and South America. It is produced in good quality in the Southern States, especially those that lie beyond the southern line of Tennessee. Grow in West Indies, Hungary, East Indies, Central America.
Appetizer, antiseptic, febrifuge, antibacterial, carminative, diaphoretic, rubefacient, condiment, nerve tonic, digestive, irritant, sialagogue (stimulates secretion of saliva), stimulant, and tonic (cayenne is usually mixed with other herbs in medicinal doses)
Alkaloids, apsaicine, capsacutin, capsaicin, capsanthine, capsico PABA, fatty acids, flavonoids, sugars, carotene, volatile oil, and vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, and C
Native to northeastern coastal areas of South America, these red hot peppers have been used in folk medicine since 7,000 BC.
The hot red cayenne chili arrived in the West from India in 1548 and was known as Ginnie pepper. Gerard describes it as "extreme hot and dry, even in the fourth degree," and he recommended it for a skin infection commonly known then as the King's Evil. Cayenne was popular with the 19th century physiomedicalists who used its warming properties for chills, rheumatism, and depression.
The Herbalist Almanac states that if paprika is fed to yellow canary birds, their plumage turns red. Paprika also improves the coloration of hatchery reared trout. It is also called pimiento; but should not be confused with allspice, also called pimento. (Note difference in spelling).
Contrary to popular belief, hot, spicy food may actually be good for your health; if it contains liberal amounts of cayenne, also known as capsicum. Cayenne is also very nutritious; peppers in general contain iron, phosphorous, calcium, B-complex and more vitamin C than oranges.
According to Dr. Irwin Ziment of the UCLA School of Medicine, the hot, stinging sensation that follows biting into a chili pepper triggers the release of endorphins by the brain, chemicals that relieve pain and can cause a mild euphoria. Elevated triglycerides (over 190 mg) are a major risk factor for heart disease in women.
The 1987 study published in the Journal of Bioscience states that rats fed a diet high in cayenne experienced a significant reduction in blood triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins (LDL), or "bad" cholesterol. Capsaicin, a compound found in cayenne that gives the spice its "kick", is an anti-inflammatory.
The incidence of blood clots in countries that routinely use curry in their cuisines is much lower than in the United States. Herbs such as turmeric, garlic, cayenne, usual ingredients in curry powder, are believed to help prevent platelets from sticking together and forming dangerous blood clots that could result in heart attacks and stroke.
A stimulating stomachic. A catalyst for all herbs. Improves circulation, aids digestion by stimulating gastric juices, stimulates the appetite, reduces inflammation, is a mild stimulant or tonic, improves metabolism, relieves gas, colds, chills, and stops bleeding from ulcers. Good for the kidneys, lungs, spleen, pancreas, heart, and stomach. Taken for nausea, scrofula, swollen lymph glands, rheumatism, arthritis, and pleurisy. Use with lobelia for nerves.
Recently, cayenne has been used successfully to treat patients with cluster headaches, a particularly painful type of headache.
Used externally, cayenne liniment can soothe the stiffness and pain of rheumatism and arthritis.
Can be used as a general stimulant to build up resistance at the beginning of a cold, tonsilitis, laryngitis, hoarseness, shingles. It can be taken as an infusion for stomach and bowel pains or cramps. Small quantities of the fresh fruit or the powder will stimulate appetite, expels worms. For external use, cayenne is made into plasters or liniment or the tincture is applied to increase blood flow to areas afflicted with rheumatism, arthritis, pleuritis, or pericarditis. Said to increase fertility and delay senility. In West India a remedy for scarlatina. Wards off seasickness.
While red pepper smarts a little, it can be put in an open wound, either in a fresh wound or an old ulcer, and it is very healing instead of irritating; but black pepper, mustard, and vinegar are irritating to an open wound and do not promote healing.
Infusion: use 1/2 to 1 tsp. pepper per cup of boiling water. Take warm, 1 tbsp at a time.
Powder: for acute conditions, take 3-10 grains, for chronic conditions 1-3 grains.
Arthritis poultice:
Add 3 oz. mixture to boiling water to make a paste. Spread the paste on a cloth and apply to the affected area.
Kloss's liniment:
Put this mixture in a quart of rubbing alcohol (do not take internally). Let it stand for a week or 10 days, shaking every day. This can be used wherever a liniment is used or needed. (heals wounds, bruises, sprains, scalds, burns, and sunburns. Apply freely. In pyorrhea, rinse mouth with liniment or apply liniment on both sides of the gums with a little cotton, Q-tip, or gauze.
To stimulate vitality: combine equal parts of cayenne pepper and ginger root powders. A half to 1 tsp. may be taken 2 or 3 times daily to stimulate circulation, vitality, and digestion and to prevent illness.
Sugars, carotene, and vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, C
Powder, tincture, tablet, teas, liniment, and capsules.
Capsules: take 1 capsule 1 to 3 times daily.
Tea: a cup of tea can be taken for stomach cramps or a cold on a daily basis. Prepared teas are available, or make it from dried herb.
Prolonged application to the skin can cause dermatitis and raise blisters. Excessive consumption can cause gastroenteritis and kidney or liver damage. Avoid touching the eyes, genitalia, or any cuts after handling fresh chilies.
If taken internally, do not exceed recommended doses. High doses taken internally can cause gastroenteritis and kidney damage.
Cayenne can be irritating to hemorrhoids. Should not be used by people with gastrointestinal problems. Never apply cayenne ointment or liniment to broken skin.
The seeds can be toxic, so do not use them.
Avoid therapeutic doses of cayenne during pregnancy and while breastfeeding.


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As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to ravage the country, doctors across the nation are joining lawyers in urging Americans to create the proper estate planning documents, so medical providers can better coordinate their care should they become hospitalized with the virus.
The most critical planning tools for this purpose are medical power of attorney and a living will, advance healthcare directives that work together to help describe your wishes for medical treatment and end-of-life care in the event you're unable to express your own wishes. In light of COVID-19, even those who have already created these documents should revisit them to ensure they are up-to-date and address specific scenarios related to the coronavirus.
While all adults over age 18 should put these documents in place as soon as possible, if you are over age 60 or have a chronic underlying health condition, the need is particularly urgent. Contact us right away if you or anyone in your family needs these documents created.
Advance directives
Medical power of attorney is an advance directive that allows you to name a person, known as your "agent," to make healthcare decisions for you if you're incapacitated and unable to make those decisions yourself. For example, if you are hospitalized with COVID-19 and need to be placed in a medically induced coma, this person would have the legal authority to advise doctors about your subsequent medical care.
If you become incapacitated without medical power of attorney, physicians will generally look to someone in your family to make these decisions for you. If no family can be located, they may ask the court to appoint a legal guardian to be the decision maker. In either case, the person given this responsibility could be someone you'd never want having power over such life or death decisions—and that's why having medical power of attorney is so important.
While medical power of attorney names who can make health-care decisions in the event of your incapacity, a living will explains how your care should be handled, particularly at the end of life. For example, if you should become seriously ill and unable to manage your own treatment, a living will can guide your agent to make these medical decisions on your behalf.
These decisions could include if and when you want life support removed, whether you would want hydration and nutrition, and even what kind of food you want and who can visit you. To ensure your medical treatment is handled in exactly the way you want and prevent your family from undergoing needless stress and conflict during an already trying time, it's vital that you document such wishes in a living will.
Keep your directives updated
Even if you've already created advanced directives, now is the perfect time to review the documents to ensure they still match your wishes and circumstances. For instance, is the agent named in your medical power of attorney still the individual you'd want making these decisions? Has your health changed in ways that might affect your living will's instructions? Are you values and wishes regarding end-of-life still the same?
What's more, whether you are creating new documents or updating your old ones, you should keep COVID-19 in mind. The highly contagious and life-threatening nature of the coronavirus is something medical providers have never dealt with before, and it has strained our nation's healthcare system to the breaking point.
Coronavirus considerations
In light of COVID-19, there are a few unique circumstances you need to be aware of when drafting these documents to ensure all of the potential scenarios related to the coronavirus and its treatment have been properly addressed.
- Don't do it yourself: While you'll find a wide selection of generic, advance-directive documents online, you shouldn't trust these do-it-yourself forms to adequately address such critical decisions. This is especially true during the ongoing pandemic, when doctors are constantly tasked with making highly difficult and uncertain decisions for patients suffering from this deadly new virus.
When it comes to your medical treatment and end-of-life care, you have unique needs and wishes that just can't be anticipated by fill-in-the-blank documents. To ensure your directives are specifically tailored to suit your unique situation, you must work with experienced planning professionals like us to create—or at the very least, review—your medical power of attorney and living will.
- Open lines of communication: Because COVID-19 is so contagious, family members of those who've contracted the virus are often not allowed to accompany them to the hospital. This means your agent likely won't be there in person to make your treatment decisions. While most advance directives give your agent broad authority to communicate with your medical providers, the documents may not explicitly authorize certain types of remote communication.To remedy this, you may want to consider adding language to your directives expressly authorizing your agent to give directions by phone, Zoom, email, Skype, FaceTime, and other methods. To facilitate this communication, you should bring copies of your directives with you to the hospital to give your doctors, and ensure your agent (and any alternate agents named) have updated copies on-hand as well.


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Microscope slide boxes store 100 microscope slides (3" x 1" or 75 mm x 25 mm slides). Manufactured of heavy duty polystyrene with rust resistant, nickel-plated clips and hinge pins. Resilient cork lining protects stored slides. Numbered slots correspond to the slide inventory sheet on the inside cover. Boxes provide convenient stacking and efficient storage.
0.6 lbs
7.00 x 8.25 x 1.50
Research or further manufacturing use only, not for food or drug use.