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Treated with fumes and mercury vapor, the silver-polished metal plate is exposed to the light of a sunny Parisian day and reveals a latent image on its mirror-like surface: the curve of a cobblestone street leads the eye down rows of various-sized structures, toward a far-off vanishing point in the cityscape. Legible in the foreground, out in front of what appears to be a residential building, we see two figures miniaturized within the sweeping panorama.
Captured by Louis Daguerre, inventor of the eponymous daguerreotype technique, this 1838 photograph, titled Boulevard du Temple, is believed to be the first picture ever created of city space and daily urban life. With its elevated perspective looking down and across this vista, Daguerre's photo situates the viewer as an observer who is simultaneously in the city but also looking at it from some remove, as if through a window. The wide angle and sense of distance allow the viewer to consider the scene aesthetically: the contrast and quality of light, the atmosphere, the architectural forms. At the same time, the anonymous people in the lower left corner reveal something deeper: one is a shoe shiner, the other his client; this is a picture of labor, and of social relations.
Daguerre's initial city vision set image-making on a path that continues today in depictions of daily life and the built environment. Photography often traverses urban space through avenues of poetics and politics – poetic in the sense of contemplating aesthetics amidst the rhythms of the everyday; and politics through documenting the city as a "text" in which we can read and interpret the dynamics of historical and contemporary inequality, injustice, exploitation, and unbalanced distribution of power and resources. These poetics and politics constantly meld in our lived experiences of the city. Chicago, of course, is no exception to this, bounded by both its renowned architectural history and ongoing institutional racism, segregationist urban planning, gentrification and displacement.
What follows is a brief, and in no way comprehensive, look at how juxtapositions of Chicago's spatial poetics and politics have been documented photographically through the historic work of Yasuhiro Ishimoto and contemporary work by Clarissa Bonet, Lee Bey, Tonika Johnson, and Sebastián Hidalgo, each with their own vision of our city.
The transnational photographer Yasuhiro Ishimoto first arrived in Chicago in 1945, resettling here after he and his family were imprisoned in Colorado for three years when the U.S. government placed 120,000 Japanese Americans in internment camps during World War II. Having first experimented with photography at the Amache camp, Ishimoto enrolled at the Institute of Design here and learned from the likes of László Moholy-Nagy, Harry Callahan, and others, who encouraged him to use photography to document the city.
Immersing himself among marginalized communities in Chicago, Ishimoto witnessed the effects of racial segregation, which he sought to document through landscape images and empathetic portraits of residents. The exhibition Someday, Chicago, on view through December 16th at the DePaul Art Museum, features forty of Ishimoto's photographs of Chicago from this period of his work in the 1950s and 1960s, including selections from a later set of over 200 images created between 1958-1961 that were produced for his book Chicago, Chicago.
The prints on view in this exhibition not only demonstrate Ishimoto's mastery of the photographic craft, but also his expressive explorations through a keen eye for light and texture in urban spaces: the sculpted scale of glass and steel, the thin section of waning daylight that illuminates a downtown hotel's neon facade, the crunchy detail of snowy boots on neighborhood sidewalks. In the back of the exhibition, a small set of color prints also illustrate Ishimoto's decades-long experiments with abstract imagery assembled from multiple exposures of landscapes and architecture in various locations.
The black-and-white photos, which comprise the bulk of his work in the exhibition, contrast scenes of under-resourced neighborhoods with the glitzy structures and skyline of the downtown core being transformed by so-called "urban renewal." While his images of the built environment tend to emphasize its formal qualities, Ishimoto maintains a subtle social commentary by giving equal weight to everyday moments such as the jubilant play of neighborhood children, or to public protests calling for desegregation, housing justice, and other civil rights.
At first glance, Clarissa Bonet's City Space series seems to borrow some of the modernist vocabulary of Ishimoto, Callahan, and their colleagues, as her photographs explore downtown urban space in Chicago through light, shadow, color, composition, and texture. However, whether through tiny clues or our own careful investigation, we may come to discover that these works traffic somewhere between composite images and strict representation. As reconstructions based on real events or chance encounters that the artist experienced and then later staged and re-created, Bonet's images complicate the idea of a photograph as document.
Approaching the urban environment as both a physical space and a psychological space, Bonet's methodology emphasizes how the city may at times feel overwhelming, imposing, mysterious, or confounding, as we navigate amongst skyscrapers, deep alleyways, canyons of light and dark, always under the watchful eye of capital and CCTV. Like high-contrast scenes that evoke the psychic drama of noir genres, here life in a city core dominated by tourism and business becomes imbued with a sense of isolation, anonymity, dread, or monotonous boredom.
As a photographer, writer, and architecture critic, Lee Bey also directs his camera toward Chicago's built environment, but with an important caveat: instead of the popular boat tours and exquisite vistas of the city's legendary downtown structures, his series Chicago: A Southern Exposure draws our attention to under-appreciated architecture and design elements on the South Side – including works by famous names such as Frank Lloyd Wright, Daniel Burnham, or Eero Saarinen. A native of the South Side, Bey has created a visual survey that considers a variety of institutional, residential, and everyday structures and spaces which have been undocumented or overlooked due to racism, classism, and prejudiced conceptions about these areas.
Many of the negative portrayals and stereotypes about the South Side have been perpetuated through photography itself, in biased or misleading journalistic reporting, or the day-tripping ruin tourists seeking images of abandoned buildings and poverty that offer very selective impressions of those neighborhoods. By turning his camera toward the vibrant structures that other photographers ignore in their single-minded hunt for decay and vacancy, Bey both assembles an important counter-narrative and contributes to an ongoing record of the South Side's cultural legacy.
Furthermore, although Bey's images are predominantly focused on architecture, it is important to recognize that these are living spaces of circulation and daily routine for (predominantly Black) residents – as seen, for example, in the passing cyclist, the cars parked out front, or the customers coming in and out of the cleaners.
In a similar vein to Bey's work, Tonika Johnson's images also help construct a crucial counter-narrative to combat false characterizations of the South Side. A native of Englewood, Johnson began photographing her neighborhood in 2006 and eventually developed two complementary projects, Everyday Rituals and From the INside, which document and revere the joys and beauty in her community, encountered in spaces and social gathering spots such as sidewalks, street corners, stoops, lounges, churches, or parks. These images provide the community a chance to recognize themselves in an intimate archive of the neighborhood created by someone with direct connection to that place.
Johnson's most recent exhibition project, Folded Map, confronts Chicago's violent legacy of racial and residential segregation by displaying photographs of various disparities that persist between the South and North sides. Beyond the photographs, Folded Map includes a critical social and conversational component, bringing together residents from opposite south and north ends of the same street, from different neighborhoods, to get to know each other and discuss their lives.
Folded Map is currently on display through October 20th at the Loyola University Museum of Art. To read more in-depth about Tonika and her Folded Map project, check out her recent interview by Ireashia Bennett as part of Sixty's Envisioning Justice initiative.
At the time Daguerre made his famous picture in 1838, the Boulevard du Temple was an area known for its many edgy theaters, including one where he worked as a stage designer. Today very little remains of the cityscape that appeared in Daguerre's image: between 1853–1870, under the commission of Emperor Napoleon III, Georges-Eugene Haussmann oversaw the razing and reconstruction of the majority of central Paris. Districts around the Boulevard du Temple and elsewhere were thoroughly demolished, and ethnic minorities, poor, and working-class residents were forced out to the peripheries of the city. Carried out under the auspices of "urban renewal", this transformation of 19th-century Paris was, in some ways, a template for the gentrification and displacement we see happening in Chicago and other major cities today.
Sebastián Hidalgo is a native of Pilsen, one of the neighborhoods being most drastically affected by current waves of gentrification in Chicago. Combining aspects of documentary, journalism, and visual art as vehicles for narrative storytelling, Hidalgo has been engaged in a long-term photo essay about Pilsen entitled "The Quietest Form of Displacement in a Changing Barrio." Growing directly from his roots in the neighborhood and his community relationships, Hidalgo's images focus on the physical, emotional, and cultural impact of displacement, as well as the political neglect (i.e. opportunistic aldermen who side with developers and sell out the majority of their constituents) and violence that accompany gentrification.
The notion of displacement as a "quiet" process carries a lot of weight through Hidalgo's pictures. Gentrification is a slow, insidious unfolding over decades, mostly under the surface, until it suddenly reaches a point of hypervisibility (usually of imposed whiteness and upper middle class consumer culture) and crosses a threshold where long-term POC residents begin to feel pushed out and see their neighborhood as haunted by strangeness or trauma, or a sense of isolation in a place they no longer recognize as home.
Additionally, this quiet, slow violence is epitomized in the narrative of Casa Aztlan, which Hidalgo has included in his documentation of Pilsen. Formerly a community center and major gathering space for the local Latinx community, Casa Aztlan's exterior was adorned with some of Pilsen's oldest murals as homage to famous artists and activists from the neighborhood. After the building was bought in 2017 by developers seeking to convert it to luxury apartments, the community erupted in protest when the owners had the murals painted over in a drab gray. In the face of such acts that threaten to erase and displace Pilsen's identity as a Latinx barrio, Hidalgo's work helps to preserve a record and archive of that community and its cultural footprint in the neighborhood. His images are currently on display in the group exhibition Peeling Off the Gray, through February 2019 at the National Museum of Mexican Art.
This article is presented in collaboration with Art Design Chicago, an initiative of the Terra Foundation for American Art exploring Chicago's art and design legacy through more than 30 exhibitions, as well as hundreds of talks, tours and special events in 2018. www.ArtDesignChicago.org
Featured Image: Clarissa Bonet, Proximity, 2014, pigment print. From the series City Space. Two silhouetted people lean up against opposite sides of a tall green pillar, as they take a cigarette break outside of a reddish-pink downtown building. Photo courtesy of the artist.
Greg Ruffing is an artist, writer, organizer, and curator working on topics around the production of space at different scales – from the macro level of sociopolitical structures and architecture in the built environment, down to an emphasis on community, collaboration, and exchange on the interpersonal level. He is the Photography Editor at Sixty Inches From Center.


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Dental Center Bogota, NJ
A dental center is a type of practice that employs many different dentists, covering a variety of specialties. Oral health care is not always as simple as a preventative cleaning twice a year. Often, it requires specialists to address more complex issues.
b Dental Spa at Bogota is a dental center in Bogota and the surrounding area. Our team can treat various oral health needs for family members of all ages. Call us at (201) 343-6770 to learn more about our services or schedule an appointment.
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Dental centers have different dental specialists practicing in the same clinic. This approach can provide additional insight into dental issues, save time, and potentially be more cost-effective. Difficult aesthetic and functional dental problems typically involve several dentistry fields. Receiving treatment at a dental center that offers various services can streamline this process. Additionally, patients with complex medical issues can benefit from a specialized dental team trained on how a patient's medical condition can affect their dental health.
Often, dental centers can have several dentists covering one area. Patients who do not mind seeing a different dentist every appointment may want to consider a dental center. A dental center also has the advantage of being able to offer newer technology to its patients, which can be cost-prohibitive for a smaller dental office. Another advantage of dental centers is the increased ability to treat patients with special needs, including patients with hearing issues or developmental or physical disabilities.
"Dental centers have different dental specialists practicing in the same clinic."
Family Services in One Location
Having family services in one location can prevent the need for multiple dental facilities for each family member's oral health needs. Dental centers can provide services to all members of the family, regardless of age. Since dental centers offer a wider range of treatment options, families with children, teens, and adults can receive the dental care they need.
Dental history can also be hard to track when a family uses multiple providers at different locations. A dental center can make it easier to monitor each patient and keep track of dental records. Having family services at one location allows families to save time and reduce the stress of traveling to different places.
"Dental centers can provide services to all members of the family, regardless of age."
Dental Center Procedures
Dental centers offer preventative, general, and specialty dentistry services in one convenient location. One major advantage of dental centers is their ability to manage complex dental treatments that other offices may have to send elsewhere. This can save patients considerable time and stress resulting from visiting different dental providers.
Some of the services provided can include preventative dentistry, such as professional teeth cleanings and X-rays. Other possible services include fillings, extractions, root canals, cosmetic dentistry, including crowns, teeth whitening, extractions, dentures, and even orthodontics. Patients should contact our team to learn more about the available treatment options.
"Dental centers offer preventative, general, and specialty dentistry services in one convenient location."
Check out what others are saying about our dental services on Yelp: Dental Center in Bogota, NJ
Benefits of a Multi-Dentist Office
Most dentists treat patients during normal business hours, Monday through Friday, with perhaps a few evening or weekend hours. A dental center can offer more non-traditional appointment hours since several dentists work together to cover patient appointments. This can be a significant help to busy people or families who do not have a lot of extra time to spare.
Not only can a dental center offer expanded hours, but it is also better equipped to handle emergency patients. The same dental team can treat patients in emergencies and have access to all the necessary patient records at a dental center. This can make a stressful emergency much more manageable for both patients and their families.
"A dental center can offer more non-traditional appointment hours since several dentists work together to cover patient appointments."
Questions Answered on This Page
Q. What kind of patient should consider a dental center?
Q. What are the benefits of having family services in one location?
Q. What types of procedures can a dental center cover?
Q. What are the benefits of having more than one dentist available?
People Also Ask
Q. What is involved in the dental cleaning portion of a checkup?
Q. How do lifestyle choices affect dental health?
Q. Why should I see a family dentist?
Q. How can someone determine what type of dentist or service they need?
Frequently Asked Questions
Q. How often should I have a dental exam?
A. Having a dental exam twice a year is a good rule of thumb for many people. However, every person has their own unique needs and will also depend on their oral hygiene, habits, and individual medical conditions. Some people will only need to visit the dentist once or twice are year, while others may need to go more often.
Q. What ages can benefit from a dental center?
A. Dental centers are equipped to handle a variety of dental needs for the entire family. This means children to older adults can benefit from treatment at a dental center. Since multiple dentists are on-site, dental centers can provide treatments for patients of varying ages and needs.
Q. What is preventative dental care?
A. Preventative dental care is dental care that helps maintain good oral health. This practice involves education, treatment, and maintaining teeth and gums. The services include routine oral exams, X-rays, cleanings, sealants, and fluoride treatments.
Q. What is cosmetic dental care?
A. Cosmetic dental care refers to dental work that improves the appearance of teeth, gums, and bite. It primarily focuses on improving dental aesthetics through color, position, shape, size, alignment, and overall smile appearance. Common cosmetic dental procedures include teeth whitening, veneers, bondings, and more.
Q. What is professional teeth cleaning?
A. Professional teeth cleanings involve using a scaler to get rid of plaque and tartar around the gum line and between teeth. Once the teeth are completely tartar-free, the hygienist will brush them with a high-powered electric brush to deep clean and remove any tartar left behind. The hygienist will also floss the teeth thoroughly and apply a fluoride treatment to protect teeth against cavities.
Dental Terminology
Call Us Today
Dental centers offer patients an alternative to the traditional dental office. Our team at b Dental Spa at Bogota can help meet all of your dental needs. Call us today at 201-343-6770 to learn more about our services or schedule an appointment.
Helpful Related Links
- American Dental Association (ADA). Glossary of Dental Clinical Terms. 2023
- American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry® (AACD). Home Page. 2023
- WebMD. WebMD's Oral Care Guide. 2023
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The White House
Office of the Press Secretary
Remarks by the President on the "Education To Innovate" Campaign
South Court Auditorium, Dwight D. Eisenhower Executive Office Building
THE PRESIDENT: Thank you. I am extraordinarily excited to have you all here today. A couple of special acknowledgements I want to make -- first of all, two of my outstanding Cabinet members: Secretary Arne Duncan, our Education Secretary; and Secretary Steven Chu, who is our Energy Secretary. They are both doing outstanding work each and every day.
I want to acknowledge Representative Eddie Bernice Johnson, who is from Texas, and she is one of the members of our Science and Technology Committee and doing outstanding work. NASA Administrator Charlie Bolden is in the house. Where's Charlie? There he is, right there in front. NSF Director Dr. Arden Bement is here, right there. Dr. John Holdren, my Science and Technology Advisor -- where's John? Right there. Melody Barnes, our Domestic Policy Council chair or head, director. (Laughter.) Director.
And then we've got some students from -- some wonderful students from some wonderful schools: Oakton High School in Vienna, Virginia; Longfellow Middle School in Fairfax, Virginia; the Washington Mathematics Science Technology Public Charter High School here in D.C., and the Herndon High School in Herndon, Virginia. Welcome, everybody. (Applause.)
Now, the students from Oakton High School are going to be demonstrating the "Cougar Cannon," designed to scoop up and toss moon rocks. I am eager to see what they do -- for two reasons. As President, I believe that robotics can inspire young people to pursue science and engineering. And I also want to keep an eye on those robots, in case they try anything. (Laughter.)
It's an honor to be here and to be joined by Sally Ride, the first American woman in space. Sally. (Applause.) This is a person who's inspired a generation of girls and boys to think bigger and set their sights higher. I want to thank NASA and Charlie for providing the interactive globe -- an innovative and engaging way of teaching young people about our world.
Welcome, Mythbusters, from Discovery Channel. Where are they? There they are. (Applause.) I hope you guys left the explosives at home. (Laughter.) And finally, allow me to thank the many leaders here today who've agreed to be part of this historic effort to inspire and educate a new generation in math and science.
We live in a world of unprecedented perils, but also unparalleled potential. Our medical system holds the promise of unlocking new cures -- but it's attached to a health care system that's bankrupting families and businesses and our government. The sources of energy that power our economy are also endangering our planet. We confront threats to our security that seek to exploit the very openness that is essential to our prosperity. And we face challenges in a global marketplace that link the trader to Wall Street to the homeowner on Main Street, to the office worker in America to the factory worker in China -- an economy in which we all share in opportunity, but we also share, unfortunately, in crisis.
The key to meeting these challenges -- to improving our health and well-being, to harnessing clean energy, to protecting our security, and succeeding in the global economy -- will be reaffirming and strengthening America's role as the world's engine of scientific discovery and technological innovation. And that leadership tomorrow depends on how we educate our students today, especially in those fields that hold the promise of producing future innovations and innovators. And that's why education in math and science is so important.
Now the hard truth is that for decades we've been losing ground. One assessment shows American 15-year-olds now rank 21st in science and 25th in math when compared to their peers around the world. And this isn't news. We've seen worrying statistics like this for years. Yet, time and again, we've let partisan and petty bickering stand in the way of progress. And time and again, as a nation, we've let our children down.
So I'm here and you are here because we all believe that we can't allow division and indifference to imperil our position in the world. It's time for all of us -- in Washington and across America -- to take responsibility for our future.
And that's why I'm committed to moving our country from the middle to the top of the pack in science and math education over the next decade. To meet this goal, the Recovery Act included the largest investment in education in history while preventing hundreds of thousands of educators from being fired because of state budget shortfalls. Under the outstanding leadership of Arne Duncan, we've launched a $4 billion Race to the Top fund, one of the largest investments in education reform in history.
And through the Race to the Top, states won't just be receiving funding, they'll have to compete for funding. And in this competition, producing the most innovative programs in math and science will be an advantage. In addition, we are challenging states to improve achievement by raising standards, using data to better inform decisions, and taking new approaches to turn around struggling schools. And because a great teacher is the single most important factor in a great education, we're asking states to focus on teacher effectiveness and to make it possible for professionals -- like many of the people in this room -- to bring their experience and enthusiasm into the classroom.
But you are here because you know the success we seek is not going to be attained by government alone. It depends on the dedication of students and parents, and the commitment of private citizens, organizations, and companies. It depends on all of us. That's why, back in April, at the National Academy of Sciences, I issued a challenge: to encourage folks to think of new and creative ways of engaging young people in science and engineering. And we are here because the leaders in this room answered that call to action.
Today, we are launching the "Educate to Innovate" campaign, a nationwide effort to help reach the goal this administration has set: moving to the top in science and math education in the next decade. We've got leaders from private companies and universities, foundations and non-profits, and organizations representing millions of scientists, engineers, and teachers from across America. The initial commitment of the private sector to this campaign is more than $260 million –- and we only expect the campaign to grow.
Business leaders from Intel, Xerox, Kodak, and Time Warner Cable are teaming up with Sally Ride, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, as well as the Carnegie Corporation, to find and replicate successful science, math, and technology programs all across America. Sesame Street has begun a two-year initiative to teach young kids about math and science. And Discovery Communications is going to deliver interactive science content to 60,000 schools reaching 35 million students.
These efforts extend beyond the classroom. Time Warner Cable is joining with the Coalition for Science After School and FIRST Robotics -- the program created by inventor Dean Kamen, which gave us the "Cougar Cannon" -- to connect one million students with fun after-school activities, like robotics competitions. The MacArthur Foundation and industry leaders like Sony are launching a nationwide challenge to design compelling, freely available, science-related video games. And organizations representing teachers, scientists, mathematicians, and engineers -- joined by volunteers in the community -- are participating in a grassroots effort called "National Lab Day" to reach 10 million young people with hands-on learning.
Students will launch rockets, construct miniature windmills, and get their hands dirty. They'll have the chance to build and create -- and maybe destroy just a little bit -- (laughter) -- to see the promise of being the makers of things, and not just the consumers of things.
The administration is participating as well. We've already had a number of science-focused events with young people at the White House, including Astronomy Night a few weeks ago. The National Science Foundation and the Department of Energy, under the leadership of a terrific scientist, Steven Chu, have launched an innovative -- an initiative to inspire tens of thousands of students to pursue careers in clean energy.
And today, I'm announcing that we're going to have an annual science fair at the White House with the winners of national competitions in science and technology. If you win the NCAA championship, you come to the White House. Well, if you're a young person and you've produced the best experiment or design, the best hardware or software, you ought to be recognized for that achievement, too. Scientists and engineers ought to stand side by side with athletes and entertainers as role models, and here at the White House we're going to lead by example. We're going to show young people how cool science can be.
Through these efforts, we're going to expand the scope and scale of science and math education all across America. And we're going to expand opportunities for all our young people -- including women and minorities who too often have been underrepresented in scientific and technological fields, but who are no less capable of succeeding in math and science and pursuing careers that will help improve our lives and grow our economy. I also want to note that this is only the beginning. We're going to challenge the private sector to partner with community colleges, for example, to help train the workers of today for the jobs of tomorrow, even as we make college more affordable -- so that, by 2020, America once again leads the world in producing college graduates.
Now, I have to say to the young people who are here, we can't let students off the hook. In the end, the success of this campaign depends on them. But I believe strongly that America's young people will rise to the challenge if given the opportunity -- and given a little bit of a push. We've got to work together to create those opportunities, because our future depends on it.
And I just want to mention the importance not only of students but also of parents. You know, I was in Asia, I think many of you are aware, for a week, and I was having lunch with the President of South Korea, President Lee. And I was interested in education policy -- they've grown enormously over the last 40 years. And I asked him, what are the biggest challenges in your education policy? He said, the biggest challenge that I have is that my parents are too demanding. (Laughter.) He said, even if somebody is dirt poor, they are insisting that their kids are getting the best education. He said, I've had to import thousands of foreign teachers because they're all insisting that Korean children have to learn English in elementary school. That was the biggest education challenge that he had, was an insistence, a demand from parents for excellence in the schools.
And the same thing was true when I went to China. I was talking to the mayor of Shanghai, and I asked him about how he was doing recruiting teachers, given that they've got 25 million people in this one city. He said, we don't have problems recruiting teachers because teaching is so revered and the pay scales for teachers are actually comparable to doctors and other professions.
That gives you a sense of what's happening around the world. There is a hunger for knowledge, an insistence on excellence, a reverence for science and math and technology and learning. That used to be what we were about. That's what we're going to be about again.
And I have to say that this doesn't get a lot of focus. Not once was I asked about education policy during my trip by the press. And oftentimes events like this get short shrift. They're not what's debated on cable. But this is probably going to make more of a difference in determining how well we do as a country than just about anything else that we do here.
Everyone in this room understands how important science and math can be. And it goes beyond the facts in a biology textbook or the questions on an algebra quiz. It's about the ability to understand our world: to harness and train that human capacity to solve problems and think critically, a set of skills that informs the decisions we make throughout our lives.
So, yes, improving education in math and science is about producing engineers and researchers and scientists and innovators who are going to help transform our economy and our lives for the better. But it's also about something more. It's about expanding opportunity for all Americans in a world where an education is the key to success. It's about an informed citizenry in an era where many of the problems we face as a nation are, at root, scientific problems. And it's about the power of science to not only unlock new discoveries, but to unlock in the minds of our young people a sense of promise, a sense that with some hard work -- with effort -- they have the potential to achieve extraordinary things.
This is a difficult time in our country, and it would be easy to grow cynical and wonder if America's best days are behind us -- especially at a time of economic uncertainty, especially when we've seen so many, from Wall Street to Washington, fail to take responsibility for so long. But I believe we have an opportunity now to move beyond the failures of the recent past and to recapture that spirit of American innovation and optimism.
This nation wasn't built on greed. It wasn't built on reckless risk. It wasn't built on short-term gains and short-sighted policies. It was forged on stronger stuff, by bold men and women who dared to invent something new or improve something old -- who took big chances on big ideas, who believed that in America all things are possible. That's our history. And, if we remain fixed on the work ahead, if we build on the progress we've made today, this is going to be our legacy as well.
So, with that, just as proof of the extraordinary promise of American young people, I'd like to invite Steven Harris and Brian Hortelano from Oakton High School to come up here and demonstrate what their team has built. And it's flashing so far. I don't see it whirling. (Laughter.) Where are they? Give them a big round of applause. (Applause.)
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text:
New Delhi (India), June 20: United Services Institute (USI), a leading strategic institution, steered a seminar on China tilted 'Trishakti Manthan' under the aegis of Eastern Command at Kalimpong. The seminar conducted on 13 and 14 June 2022 aimed at enhancing comprehension of the complex security dynamics along our Northern Borders and marked the culmination of fortnight-long in-house deliberation on the subject carried out by the Trishakti Corps.
The seminar addressed critical issues, including security strategies, capability development and military modernisation to derive actionable recourse towards further augmenting our security architecture. The seminar included talks and panel discussions by subject experts, including senior retired military officers from the three Services, diplomats and academicians. The event was presided over by Lieutenant General RP Kalita, UYSM, AVSM, SM, VSM, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Command, and attended by senior military leadership and ground commanders of formations of Eastern Command.
If you have any objection to this press release content, kindly contact email@example.com to notify us. We will respond and rectify the situation in the next 24 hours.


text:
Every year in Spring in Belgium: Sint Niklaas,
and in Autumn in Germany: Cologne
A pleasant fair and an inspiring meeting place for (hand)bookbinders, book and paper restorers, paper artists, calligraphers and all others interested. Professionals and amateurs.
Well-established participants from the Netherlands, Germany, the United Kingdom, Belgium and France present their broad range of products:
All sorts of paper, cardboard, cloth, leather, parchment, accessories, tools, utensils, requirements for calligraphy, specialist literature etc.
Furthermore: Information on events, schools, courses, institutes, publications etc.
Various demonstrations and presentations.
You will find everything here
on one single day and on one single location


text:
I just sent off an email to my Cali girls who are meeting me in Vancouver tomorrow to get ready for some serious autumn color! The oranges and reds in the Pacific Northwest right now are unreal. Watching the seasons change was one thing I really missed while in LA.
If they weren't coming to experience it for themselves, I would mail them these DIY Fall envelopes filled with colorful leaves. You can download the template here. Aren't they fun?
{Images by Amanda Jane Jones}


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Apache Hadoop YARN Install Quick Start
Apache Hadoop presents the user with a vast ecosystem of tools and applications. For those familiar with Hadoop version 1, there are two core components; the Hadoop Distributed File System and the integrated MapReduce distributed processing engine. Hadoop YARN is the new replacement for the monolithic MapReduce component found in version 1. The scheduling and resource management have been separated from the management of MapReduce pipelines. While Hadoop version 2 with YARN still provides full MapReduce capability and backwards compatibility with version 1, it also opens the door to many other "application frameworks" that are not based on MapReduce processing.
The acronym YARN is short for "Yet Another Resource Negotiator," which is a good description of what YARN actually does. Fundamentally, YARN is a resource scheduler designed to work on existing and new Hadoop clusters. The seemingly trivial split of resource scheduling from the MapReduce data flow opens up a whole new range of possibilities for Hadoop and Big Data processing. A separate scheduler allows for better utilization and scalability of the cluster, while simultaneously providing a platform for other non-MapReduce applications to take advantage of the Hadoop Distributed File System and run-time environment. A more detailed discussion of the new Hadoop YARN capabilities can be found in Chapter 3, "Apache Hadoop YARN Core Concepts."
From a larger vantage point, YARN can be viewed as a cluster-wide Operating System that provides the essential services for applications to take advantage of a large dynamic and parallel resource infrastructure. Applications written in any language can now take advantage of the combined Hadoop compute and storage assets within any size cluster.
Although motivated by the needs of large clusters, YARN is capable of running on a single cluster node or desktop machine. The instructions in this chapter will allow you to install and explore Apache Hadoop version 2 with YARN on a single machine.
Getting Started
A production Apache Hadoop system can take time to set up properly and is not necessary to start experimenting with many of the YARN concepts and attributes. This chapter provides a quick start guide to installing Hadoop version Hadoop 2.2.0 on a single machine (workstation, server, or a laptop).
A more complete description of other installation options, such as those required by a production cluster setup, is given in Chapter 5, "Installing Apache Hadoop YARN." Before we begin with the quick start, we will mention a few background details that will help with installation. These items include rudimentary knowledge of Linux, package installation, and basic system administration commands.
A basic Apache Hadoop version 2 system has two core components:
- The Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) for storing data
- Hadoop YARN for implementing applications to process data
Other Apache Hadoop components, such as Pig and Hive, can be added after the two core components are installed and operating properly.


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Lentils are a poor meal planner's best friend. When there's no meat defrosting in the fridge, and no pinto beans or black beans soaking overnight, I turn to lentils. Here is one of my favorite soups to eat in winter (it's based on a recipe I saw on Everyday Food). I make it extra thick so it's almost like a stew but you can make it brothier if you prefer. This less meat-a-tarian or nearly-vegetarian soup can easily be made vegan: simply skip the bacon and parmesan cheese, and use vegetable stock instead of chicken stock. Although I will say, just a touch of bacon makes it so delicious. This soup showcases one of my favorite ways to use meat: as a flavoring rather than as the star of the meal. I generally freeze my bacon, but it defrosts in just a few minutes submerged in water. Use the rest of the package of bacon for a special weekend breakfast.
I always make a huge batch of this soup. Then we have either leftovers for another dinner and several lunches, or I have enough to take a large container to a new mom or someone else who could use a delicious hot homemade meal. If you want to make a smaller batch, I've included ingredient amounts for that at the end of the post (the first version makes about 50 percent more than the smaller recipe). Homemade white rolls or wheat rolls make a fabulous addition to this tasty, filling, and comforting meal.
Hearty Lentil Soup with Bacon
Serves 6 to 103-5 strips bacon (3 to 6 ounces) cut into small pieces
2 medium onions, chopped
6 medium carrots peeled, halved lengthwise (if thick), and sliced
3 to 5 garlic cloves minced
3 tablespoons tomato paste
2 1/4 cups lentils picked over and rinsed
3/4 teaspoon dried thyme
5 1/4 cups chicken broth plus 3 cups water*
1 to 2 tablespoon red-wine vinegar
3/4 teaspoon table salt (or more to taste)
Freshly ground pepper (1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon)
Chopped fresh parsley
Parmesan cheese
*I use 8 cups water total plus 2 T Better than Bullion. You can adjust the water slightly up or down depending on whether you want your soup to be more like a stew or brothy.
- In a 5-quart pot with lid, brown bacon for 8 to 10 minutes. The original recipe instructs you to pour off all but 1-2 T of bacon fat at this point, but I never do.
- Add onion and carrots and cook until softened, about 5 minutes.
- Stir and garlic and cook 30 seconds.
- Stir in tomato paste and cook 1 minutes.
- Add lentils, thyme, broth and water. Bring to a boil then reduce to a simmer.
- Cover and cook until lentils are tender, 30 to 45 minutes. Add an additional cup water if the soup becomes too thick during cooking.
- Stir in vinegar, salt, and pepper. Top with fresh parsley and freshly grated parmesan cheese. Serve immediately.
I like mine topped with plenty of fresh parsley and freshly grated parmesan cheese. Yum! |
Hearty Lentil Soup with Bacon
Serves 4 to 61 large onion, chopped
4 medium carrots peeled, halved lengthwise (if thick), and sliced
2 to 3 garlic cloves minced
2 tablespoons tomato paste
1 1/2 cups lentils picked over and rinsed
1/2 teaspoon dried thyme
3 1/2 cups chicken broth plus 2 cups water*
1 tablespoon red-wine vinegar
1/2 teaspoon table salt (or more to taste)
Freshly ground pepper (1/4 teaspoon)
Chopped fresh parsley
Parmesan cheese
See directions above.


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It's the end of the line for Yahoo Messenger. As of July, it will be no more, marking the end of an era.
The announcement comes just six months after AIM (the old AOL messaging program) was shut down. The first major messaging programs from the early days of the internet will soon be a thing of the past.
Users will have six months to download their chat histories from Yahoo Messenger. If they haven't gotten what they need by then, they'll lose their chance forever.
It probably won't come as a major blow to most people. Although it used to be one of the most popular and widely used communications programs, its popularity has slipped markedly in recent years, to the point that there's little justification in continuing support for it.
The company had this to say on the matter:
"We know we have many loyal fans who have used Yahoo Messenger since its beginning as one of the first chat apps of its kind. As the communications landscape continues to change over, we're focusing on building and introducing new, exciting communications tools that better fit consumer needs."
Currently, the company has no direct replacement for Messenger. The closest match would be a group messaging app called "Yahoo Squirrel," which is currently in beta. Users interested in the new tool can request an invitation at squirrel.yahoo.com.
For the rest of us, Yahoo Messenger's loss isn't likely to cause problems from a business perspective. This, along with Microsoft's retirement of the venerable MS Paint, serves as a reminder that the internet is growing up. Many of the tools we've used and taken for granted for years are now fading away. It's a brave new world.


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Agencies failure to disclose correspondence with Wind Industry draws transparency action.
In a lawsuit filed Tuesday in Washington D.C. District Court, American Bird Conservancy (ABC) has accused the federal government of suppressing information about wind energy projects and their potential negative impact on America's wildlife. ABC is being represented in the suit by the Washington D.C. public-interest law firm of Meyer Glitzenstein & Crystal.
ABC charges that two Interior Department (DOI) agencies flagrantly violated the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) by failing to comply with statutory deadlines for disclosure of information, and by failing to provide their correspondence with wind developers and other information related to potential impacts on birds and bats, and bird and bat deaths at controversial wind developments in 10 states.
"It's ridiculous that Americans have to sue in order to find out what their government is saying to wind companies about our wildlife—a public trust," said Kelly Fuller, Wind Campaign Coordinator for ABC. "ABC is concerned that many of these projects have the potential to take a devastating toll on songbirds, majestic eagles, and threatened and endangered species," she added.
ABC filed six requests under FOIA – all of them more than eight months ago. ABC's FOIA requests asked for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's correspondence with wind developers regarding birds and bats, as well as related information about wildlife impacts, such as studies showing which bird and bat species were in the area and how many had been killed by the facilities. ABC's FOIA requests were to be processed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), which subsequently referred one request to the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). Under FOIA's strict deadlines, the agencies were required to fulfill the requests or claim exemptions within 20 working days.
"In President Obama's first month in office, he directed federal agencies to respond to the public's FOIA requests promptly and in a spirit of cooperation. The President said, 'A democracy requires accountability, and accountability requires transparency.' With this lawsuit, ABC is asking the Department of the Interior to carry out the President's promise," said Fuller. "Some DOI offices have not sent a single document that we asked for, even though the agencies were legally required to do so more than seven months ago."
Many organizations are concerned about the U.S. government's management of wind energy's impacts on wildlife. In May 2012, ABC and 60 other organizations asked committees in the U.S. House and Senate for Congressional oversight of FWS's implementation of new voluntary guidelines for avoiding, minimizing, and mitigating the impacts of wind energy on wildlife. Ninety-one organizations endorsed an extensive rulemaking petition submitted by ABC requesting that FWS establish mandatory wildlife protection regulations in lieu of the voluntary approach favored by the industry.
In a March 2012 letter rejecting ABC's petition, FWS Director Daniel Ashe asserted that FWS was being "meticulously transparent" in how the Service was addressing the impact of wind power on wildlife, and asked for ABC's help in assessing the effectiveness of the voluntary wind guidelines. "But stonewalling FOIA requests is hardly 'transparency,' and without timely access to the crucial information held by the Service, evaluating the effectiveness of the guidelines will be impossible. ABC also will not be able to properly fulfill our mission to protect native birds and their habitats throughout the Americas," said Fuller.
ABC's FOIA requests were in regard to proposed and existing wind energy developments in Arizona, California, Florida, Minnesota, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas. Birds that could potentially be harmed include Bald and Golden Eagles, as well as birds that have been federally designated as threatened and endangered, such as Whooping Cranes, Northern Aplomado Falcons, Least Terns, Piping Plovers, Marbled Murrelets, Snail Kites, Wood Storks, and Northern Crested Caracaras. Other birds that could potentially be harmed include night-migrating songbirds, birds of prey, and candidates for listing under the Endangered Species Act such as Greater Sage-Grouse and Sprague's Pipit.
ABC supports Bird-Smart Wind Power, which employs careful siting, operation and construction mitigation, bird monitoring, and compensatory mitigation to reduce and redress any unavoidable bird mortality and habitat loss. In May 2012, ABC released an interactive web map to help wind energy development become more Bird-Smart. The map shows more than 2,000 locations in the United States where birds will be particularly vulnerable to the impacts of wind energy development.
American Bird Conservancy (ABC) is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit membership organization whose mission is to conserve native birds and their habitats throughout the Americas. ABC acts by safeguarding the rarest species, conserving and restoring habitats, and reducing threats, while building capacity in the bird conservation movement.


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Oct 8/21 2009 20th Wednesday after Pentecost
We just so happen to building a church just now (have you heard? J ) Today's Gospel reading applies in a very direct way to our building project. This project is ongoing, and will continue after the last brick is in place, and the last icon is painted, because the building that our Lord is referring to is the "building" of the soul – the one and only purpose of human life – the perfection of the soul.
Building a temple is similar to building the soul in one's personal life. Without effort and proper priorities, all will be for naught. Without belief in Christ, which purely an simply means following Christ by taking His yoke upon us in all things, all will be for naught.
In the secular world, a man builds after taking careful account of finances, and planning, including design, choice of location and materials. We have done all that, but the most important things, which this reading describes, have nothing to do with these things.
The rock that our Lord mentions is Himself. The scripture refers to Christ, that is, belief in Him, and following Him, as "rock":
And Simon Peter answered and said, Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God. (17) And Jesus answered and said unto him, Blessed art thou, Simon Barjona: for flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee, but my Father which is in heaven. (18) And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it. (Mat 16:16-18)
As it is written, Behold, I lay in Sion a stumblingstone and rock of offence: and whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed. (Rom 9:33)
Moreover, brethren, I would not that ye should be ignorant, how that all our fathers were under the cloud, and all passed through the sea; (2) And were all baptized unto Moses in the cloud and in the sea; (3) And did all eat the same spiritual meat; (4) And did all drink the same spiritual drink: for they drank of that spiritual Rock that followed them: and that Rock was Christ. (1Co 10:1-4)
Our church edifice happens to look a bit like rock, and will be covered in rock, but these are external things.
As a parish, we build upon a rock when we corporately and individually dedicate our lives the Christ. I cannot do anything about how an individual builds, but as a pastor I can only help to provide the mortar and the bricks.
Among our most important materials is prayer. I serve a weekly Thursday liturgy, and have been doing so for almost two years. This is one of our most important ministries. Many times, I have served with only the reader and myself, with God among us, and with the Saints and angels[1]. In the world, one would say that this act of worship has little impact, since hardly anybody comes. If we were a Home Depot, we would have long ago closed our doors on this day and hour, because so few come, but we are a church, and we must pray, faithfully.
Our weekday liturgy has been the most important reason why our building project has been succeeding.
I will continue serving, no matter how many lean days there are, because in this service, we pray for everyone in the parish by name in the Great Ectenia. There is no way for our feeble minds to understand the grace that this brings to our community, but is does come!
I have seen very consoling signs that this liturgy is important personally to our flock, because of the steady attendance in our two monthly "children's liturgies". There is no value that can be attached to the grace that our children (and us) receive by worshipping together, and teaching them to sing.
My custom of sitting down and giving a simple homily after the Gospel, with the children gathered around, and excitedly (and often quite correctly, but sometimes with an … interesting perspective!) interjecting their answers and feelings is the best part of my week. This may not be considered to be pristine liturgics, but it is good theology.
How can any parishioner, whatever his station in life, help to build his parish upon a rock? Personally we must struggle, with fasting and prayer and a continual reassessment and adjustment of our thoughts and priorities. Corporately, we must consider ourselves to be a part of the body, therefore critical to its functioning. Participation in prayer, giving alms, praying for each other, baking prosphora, cleaning the church, church classes and activities, and anything and everything else that affects our parish life together is the way we contribute to building our parish upon the rock.
46 And why call ye me, Lord, Lord, and do not the things which I say? 47 Whosoever cometh to me, and heareth my sayings, and doeth them, I will shew you to whom he is like: 48 He is like a man which built an house, and digged deep, and laid the foundation on a rock: and when the flood arose, the stream beat vehemently upon that house, and could not shake it: for it was founded upon a rock. 49 But he that heareth, and doeth not, is like a man that without a foundation built an house upon the earth; against which the stream did beat vehemently, and immediately it fell; and the ruin of that house was great. 1 Now when he had ended all his sayings in the audience of the people, he entered into Capernaum. Luke 6:46-7:1
Priest Seraphim Holland 2009. St Nicholas Russian Orthodox Church, McKinney, Texas
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[1] "For where two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them." (Mat 18:20). These are very good words to remember when in a sparsely attended service.
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As a full-service video production company serving Philadelphia, PA. Perlow Productions offers videography, video editing and animation design among our list of video production services. Our capabilities include aerial videography, 3D and motion graphics, multi-camera shoots, and live webcast services.
We produce website videos, corporate presentation videos and sales & marketing video productions for local businesses and corporate clients. Our HD videography services are available anywhere in Philadelphia, PA. Our video production team includes gifted industry veterans with decades of video marketing experience.
Video Production – Philadelphia, PA
Our team of videographers enables us to work your production on the date you need your video shot. We begin the video editing and post-production process within 48 hours of your shoot. Clients typically receive a first draft for review within two weeks. Looking to produce a video for your business or organization? Give us a call today!
Philadelphia, PA Video Production Services
Perlow Productions is ready to work with you to produce a great video for your business or organization. We can shoot on location or in a controlled studio setting.
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If your business or organization needs video production or videography services call us today at (267) 388-0981 with your video production questions or to discuss your project further.
Perlow Productions' Video Production service areas include:
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Did you know that Perlow Productions offers video production services within the Philadelphia area? Call to request a video production quote today.


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Privacy Shield Policy
EU/Swiss-U.S. Privacy Shield: Consumer Privacy Policy
Last Updated: November 13, 2017
TBWA\CONNECTED ("TBWA") respects your concerns about privacy. TBWA participates in the EU-U.S. and Swiss-U.S. Privacy Shield (collectively, the "Privacy Shield") frameworks issued by the U.S. Department of Commerce. TBWA commits to comply with the Privacy Shield Principles with respect to Consumer Personal Data the company receives from the EU and Switzerland in reliance on the Privacy Shield. This Policy describes how TBWA implements the Privacy Shield Principles for Consumer Personal Data.
For purposes of this Policy:
"Client" means any entity that purchases or otherwise obtains products or services from TBWA.
"Consumer" means any natural person who is located in the EU or Switzerland, but excludes any individual acting in his or her capacity as an Employee.
"Controller" means a person or organization which, alone or jointly with others, determines the purposes and means of the processing of Personal Data.
"Employee" means any current, former or prospective employee of TBWA, or any of its European or Swiss affiliates, who is located in the EU or Switzerland.
"EU" means the European Union and Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway.
"Personal Data" means any information, including Sensitive Data, that is (i) about an identified or identifiable individual, (ii) received by TBWA in the U.S. from the EU or Switzerland, and (iii) recorded in any form.
"Privacy Shield Principles" means the Principles and Supplemental Principles of the Privacy Shield.
"Processor" means any natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body that processes Personal Data on behalf of a Controller.
"Sensitive Data" means Personal Data specifying medical or health conditions, racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious or philosophical beliefs, trade union membership (including trade union-related views or activities), sex life (including personal sexuality), information on social security measures, the commission or alleged commission of any offense, any proceedings for any offense committed or alleged to have been committed by the individual or the disposal of such proceedings, or the sentence of any court in such proceedings (including administrative proceedings and criminal sanctions).
TBWA's EU-U.S. and Swiss-U.S. Privacy Shield certifications can be found at https://www.privacyshield.gov/. For more information about TBWA's processing of Personal Data obtained from Consumers on its website, please visit TBWA's Privacy Policy.
Types of Personal Data TBWA Collects
TBWA collects Personal Data directly from Consumers. This collection occurs, for example, when a Consumer visits TBWA's website and provides Personal Data to TBWA. Visit TBWA's Privacy Policy for information on the types of Personal Data TBWA receives through its website. In addition, TBWA obtains Consumer Personal Data, such as contact information, in connection with maintaining its Client relationships and providing its products and services to Clients. TBWA also obtains Personal Data, such as contact information, of its vendors' representatives. TBWA uses this information to manage its relationships with its vendors.
As a Processor, TBWA receives Personal Data about its Clients' Consumers located in the EU and Switzerland. TBWA's Clients provide the Personal Data to TBWA in connection with TBWA's provision of services to its Clients. In this capacity, TBWA acts pursuant to its Clients' instructions. The types of Personal Data TBWA's Clients provide include names, postal addresses, email addresses, phone numbers and social media interactions.
TBWA's privacy practices regarding the processing of Consumer Personal Data comply, as appropriate, with the Privacy Shield Principles of Notice; Choice; Accountability for Onward Transfer; Security; Data Integrity and Purpose Limitation; Access; and Recourse, Enforcement and Liability.
TBWA provides information in this Policy and the company's Privacy Policy about its Consumer Personal Data practices, including the types of Personal Data TBWA collects, the types of third parties to which TBWA discloses the Personal Data and the purposes for doing so, the rights and choices Consumers have for limiting the use and disclosure of their Personal Data, and how to contact TBWA about its practices concerning Personal Data.
When TBWA acts as a Processor and Consumer Personal Data is transferred to TBWA in the U.S. on behalf of a Client, the Client is responsible for providing appropriate notice to its Consumers and obtaining the requisite consent.
Privacy notices pertaining to specific data processing activities also may contain relevant information.
When TBWA collects Personal Data directly from Consumers, the company generally offers those Consumers the opportunity to choose whether their Personal Data may be (i) disclosed to third-party Controllers, or (ii) used for a purpose that is materially different from the purposes for which the information was originally collected or subsequently authorized by the relevant Consumer. To the extent required by the Privacy Shield Principles, TBWA obtains opt-in consent for certain uses and disclosures of Sensitive Data. Consumers may contact TBWA as indicated below regarding the company's use or disclosure of their Personal Data. Unless TBWA offers Consumers an appropriate choice, the company uses Personal Data only for purposes that are materially the same as those indicated in this Policy or the company's Privacy Policy.
When TBWA maintains Personal Data about Consumers with whom TBWA does not have a direct relationship because TBWA obtained or maintains the Consumers' data as a Processor, TBWA's Clients are responsible for providing the relevant Consumers with certain choices with respect to the Clients' use or disclosure of the Consumers' Personal Data.
TBWA shares Consumer Personal Data with its affiliates and subsidiaries. TBWA may disclose Consumer Personal Data without offering an opportunity to opt out, and may be required to disclose the Personal Data, (i) to third-party Processors the company has retained to perform services on its behalf and pursuant to its instructions, (ii) if it is required to do so by law or legal process, or (iii) in response to lawful requests from public authorities, including to meet national security, public interest or law enforcement requirements. TBWA also reserves the right to transfer Personal Data in the event of an audit or if the company sells or transfers all or a portion of its business or assets (including in the event of a merger, acquisition, joint venture, reorganization, dissolution or liquidation).
Accountability for Onward Transfer of Personal Data
This Policy and TBWA's Privacy Policy describe TBWA's sharing of Consumer Personal Data.
To the extent TBWA acts as a Controller, except as permitted or required by applicable law, TBWA provides Consumers with an opportunity to opt out of sharing their Personal Data with third-party Controllers. TBWA requires third-party Controllers to whom it discloses Consumer Personal Data to contractually agree to (i) only process the Personal Data for limited and specified purposes consistent with the consent provided by the relevant Consumer, (ii) provide the same level of protection for Personal Data as is required by the Privacy Shield Principles, and (iii) notify TBWA and cease processing Personal Data (or take other reasonable and appropriate remedial steps) if the third-party Controller determines that it cannot meet its obligation to provide the same level of protection for Personal Data as is required by the Privacy Shield Principles.
With respect to transfers of Consumer Personal Data to third-party Processors, TBWA (i) enters into a contract with each relevant Processor, (ii) transfers Personal Data to each such Processor only for limited and specified purposes, (iii) ascertains that the Processor is obligated to provide the Personal Data with at least the same level of privacy protection as is required by the Privacy Shield Principles, (iv) takes reasonable and appropriate steps to ensure that the Processor effectively processes the Personal Data in a manner consistent with TBWA's obligations under the Privacy Shield Principles, (v) requires the Processor to notify TBWA if the Processor determines that it can no longer meet its obligation to provide the same level of protection as is required by the Privacy Shield Principles, (vi) upon notice, including under (v) above, takes reasonable and appropriate steps to stop and remediate unauthorized processing of the Personal Data by the Processor, and (vii) provides a summary or representative copy of the relevant privacy provisions of the Processor contract to the Department of Commerce, upon request. TBWA remains liable under the Privacy Shield Principles if the company's third-party Processor onward transfer recipients process relevant Personal Data in a manner inconsistent with the Privacy Shield Principles, unless TBWA proves that it is not responsible for the event giving rise to the damage.
TBWA takes reasonable and appropriate measures to protect Consumer Personal Data from loss, misuse and unauthorized access, disclosure, alteration and destruction, taking into account the risks involved in the processing and the nature of the Personal Data.
Data Integrity and Purpose Limitation
TBWA limits the Consumer Personal Data it processes to that which is relevant for the purposes of the particular processing. TBWA does not process Consumer Personal Data in ways that are incompatible with the purposes for which the information was collected or subsequently authorized by the relevant Consumer. In addition, to the extent necessary for these purposes and consistent with its role as a Controller or Processor, TBWA takes reasonable steps to ensure that the Personal Data the company processes is (i) reliable for its intended use, and (ii) accurate, complete and current. In this regard, TBWA relies on its Consumers and Clients (with respect to Personal Data of Consumers with whom TBWA does not have a direct relationship) to update and correct the relevant Personal Data to the extent necessary for the purposes for which the information was collected or subsequently authorized. Consumers (and Clients, as appropriate) may contact TBWA as indicated below to request that TBWA update or correct relevant Personal Data.
Subject to applicable law, TBWA retains Consumer Personal Data in a form that identifies or renders identifiable the relevant Consumer only for as long as it serves a purpose that is compatible with the purposes for which the Personal Data was collected or subsequently authorized by the Consumer or Client, as appropriate.
Consumers generally have the right to access their Personal Data. Accordingly, to the extent TBWA acts as a Controller, where appropriate, TBWA provides Consumers with reasonable access to the Personal Data TBWA maintains about them. TBWA also provides a reasonable opportunity for those Consumers to correct, amend or delete the information where it is inaccurate or has been processed in violation of the Privacy Shield Principles, as appropriate. TBWA may limit or deny access to Personal Data where the burden or expense of providing access would be disproportionate to the risks to the Consumer's privacy in the case in question, or where the rights of persons other than the Consumer would be violated. Consumers may request access to their Personal Data by contacting TBWA as indicated below.
When TBWA maintains Personal Data about Consumers with whom TBWA does not have a direct relationship because TBWA maintains the Consumers' data as a Processor for its Clients, TBWA's Clients are responsible for providing Consumers with access to the Personal Data and the right to correct, amend or delete the information where it is inaccurate or has been processed in violation of the Privacy Shield Principles, as appropriate. In such circumstances, Consumers should direct their questions to the appropriate TBWA Client. When a Consumer is unable to contact the appropriate Client, or does not obtain a response from the Client, TBWA will provide reasonable assistance in forwarding the Consumer's request to the Client.
Recourse, Enforcement and Liability
TBWA has mechanisms in place designed to help assure compliance with the Privacy Shield Principles. TBWA conducts an annual self-assessment of its Consumer Personal Data practices to verify that the attestations and assertions the company makes about its Privacy Shield privacy practices are true and that the company's privacy practices have been implemented as represented and in accordance with the Privacy Shield Principles.
Consumers may file a complaint concerning TBWA's processing of their Personal Data. TBWA will take steps to remedy issues arising out of its alleged failure to comply with the Privacy Shield Principles. Consumers may contact TBWA as specified below about complaints regarding the company's Consumer Personal Data practices.
If a Consumer's complaint cannot be resolved through TBWA's internal processes, TBWA will cooperate with JAMS pursuant to the JAMS International Mediation Rules, available on the JAMS website at https://www.jamsadr.com/eu-us-privacy-shield. JAMS mediation may be commenced as provided for in the relevant JAMS rules. Following the dispute resolution process, JAMS or the Consumer may refer the matter to the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, which has Privacy Shield investigatory and enforcement powers over TBWA. Under certain circumstances, Consumers also may be able to invoke binding arbitration to address complaints about TBWA's compliance with the Privacy Shield Principles.
When TBWA maintains Personal Data about Consumers with whom TBWA does not have a direct relationship because TBWA obtained or maintains the Consumers' data as a Processor for its Clients, Consumers may submit complaints concerning the processing of their Personal Data to the relevant Client, in accordance with the Client's dispute resolution process. TBWA will participate in this process at the request of the Client or the Consumer.
How to Contact TBWA
To contact TBWA with questions or concerns about this Policy or TBWA's Consumer Personal Data practices:
Write to:


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Before you hit the road on your bike, assemble an emergency tool kit so you're prepared in case of a breakdown. Take the weight and size of bike tools into consideration when you're loading up your tool kit, you don't want tools that will weigh you down or not fit into the tool pouch. Include the following tools in your emergency tool kit. (After you have some biking experience, you may decide to change or add to it.)
Small frame-mounted tire pump: A flat is going to strike eventually so unless you want to walk home, take along a pump.
Tire-patch kit: When you have a flat, you'll need a patch kit to repair it.
Spare inner tube: A spare tube is important to have on hand when you blow a tube and a patch kit won't do the trick.
Tire levers: For most bikes, tire levers are necessary to remove and install a tire.
Allen wrenches: Use these for adjusting parts of your bike.
Screwdrivers: Both types — Phillips and flathead — are required for adjusting derailleurs and other parts.
Spoke wrench: Make sure you have one that fits the spoke nipples on your bike.
Pliers: If you have to work on cables, you'll need pliers.
Rag: A rag will help keep your hands clean.
Small light: A light is important to have in case you get caught out at night.
On extended trips (more than a few hours at a time or for multi-day trips), bring all the preceding items, plus the following:
Spare tire: If you tear up a tire, you'll be glad you had a foldable spare tire on hand.
Extra tubes: If you blow out both tubes on a ride, you need two spares — one isn't always enough.
Chain tool: A longer trip increases the chances of having issues with your chain, and you'll need a chain tool to take apart the chain and reconnect it.
Chain links and rivets: Because there's always the chance of breaking a chain, it's good to have replacement links handy for reconnecting the chain.
Spare spokes: Have a couple extra spokes available. Make sure you have the right size for each wheel.
Spare cables: Extra cables for the brakes and the derailleurs are useful for longer trips when a weighted-down bike puts extra strain on the cables.
Lubrication: As you ride on extended trips, parts will need to be lubricated. Keep a small plastic bottle of lube that you can apply to your chain, pivot points, and cable.
Duct tape: This all-purpose tool can get help you solve many problems, at least long enough to hold something together until you get to the next town.


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(This is the twenty-second entry in The Modern Library Nonfiction Challenge, an ambitious project to read and write about the Modern Library Nonfiction books from #100 to #1. There is also The Modern Library Reading Challenge, a fiction-based counterpart to this list. Previous entry: The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt.)
It was a warm day in April when Dr. Martin Luther King was arrested. It was the thirteenth and the most important arrest of his life. King, wearing denim work pants and a gray fatigue shirt, was manacled along with fifty others that afternoon, joining close to a thousand more who had bravely submitted their bodies over many weeks to make a vital point about racial inequality and the unquestionable inhumanity of segregation.
The brave people of Birmingham had tried so many times before. They had attempted peaceful negotiation with a city that had closed sixty public parks rather than uphold the federal desegregation law. They had talked with businesses that had debased black people by denying them restaurant service and asking them to walk through doors labeled COLORED. Some of these atavistic signs had been removed, only for the placards to be returned to the windows once the businesses believed that their hollow gestures had been fulfilled. And so it became necessary to push harder — peacefully, but harder. The Birmingham police unleashed attack dogs on children and doused peaceful protesters with high-pressure water hoses and seemed hell-bent on debasing and arresting the growing throngs who stood up and said, without raising a fist and always believing in hope and often singing songs, "Enough. No more."
There were many local leaders who claimed that they stood for the righteous, but who turned against King. White leaders in Birmingham believed — not unlike pro-segregation Governor George Wallace just three months earlier — that King's nonviolent protests against segregation would incite a torrent of violence. But the violence never came from King's well-trained camp and had actually emerged from the savage police force upholding an unjust law. King had been very careful with his activists, asking them to sign a ten-point Commitment Card that included these two vital points:
6. OBSERVE with both friend and foe the ordinary rules of courtesy.
8. REFRAIN from the violence of fist, tongue, or heart.
Two days before King's arrest, Bull Connor, the racist Birmingham Commissioner of Public Safety and a man so vile and heartless that he'd once egged on Klansmen to beat Freedom Riders to a pulp for fifteen minutes as the police stood adjacent and did not intervene, had issued an injunction against the protests. He raised the bail bond from $200 to $1,500 for those who were arrested. (That's $10,000 in 2019 dollars. When you consider the lower pay and the denied economic opportunities for Birmingham blacks, you can very well imagine what a cruel and needless punishment this was for many protesters who lived paycheck to paycheck.)
And so on Good Friday, it became necessary for King, along with his invaluable fellow leaders Ralph Abernathy and Fred Shuttlesworth, to walk directly to Birmingham Jail and sing "We Shall Overcome." King took a very big risk in doing so. But he needed to set an example for civil disobedience. He needed to show that he was not immune to the sacrifices of this very important fight. The bondsman who provided the bail for the demonstrators told King that he was out as King pondered the nearly diminished funds for the campaign. In jail, King would not be able to use his contacts and raise the money that would keep his campaign going. Despite all this, and this is probably one of the key takeaways from this remarkable episode in political history, King was dedicated to practicing what he preached. As he put it:
How could my failure now to submit to arrest be explained to the local community? What would be the verdict of the country about a man who had encouraged hundreds of people to make a stunning and then excused himself?
Many who watched this noble march, the details of which are documented in S. Jonathan Bass's excellent book Blessed Are the Peacemakers, dressed in their Sunday best out of respect for King's efforts. Police crept along with the marchers before Connor gave the final order. Shuttlesworth had left earlier. King, Abernathy, and their fellow protestors were soon surrounded by paddy wagons and motorcycles and a three-wheel motorcart. They dropped to their knees in peaceful prayer. The head of the patrol squeezed the back of King's belt and escorted him into a police car. The police gripped the back of Abernathy's shirt and steered him into a van.
King was placed in an isolation cell. Thankfully, he did not suffer physical brutality, but the atmosphere was dank enough to diminish a weaker man's hope. As he wrote, "You will never know the meaning of utter darkness until you have lain in such a dungeon, knowing that sunlight is streaming overhead and still seeing only darkness below." Jail officials refused a private meeting between King and his attorney. Wyatt Tee Walker, King's chief of staff, sent a telegram to President Kennedy. The police did not permit King to speak to anyone for at least twenty-four hours.
As his confidantes gradually gained permission to speak to King, King became aware of a statement published by eight white clergy members in Birmingham — available here. This octet not only urged the black community to withdraw support for these demonstrations, but risibly suggested that King's campaign was "unwise and untimely" and could be settled by the courts. They completely missed the point of what King was determined to accomplish.
King began drafting a response, scribbling around the margins of a newspaper. Abernathy asked King if the police had given him anything to write on. "No," King replied, "I'm using toilet paper." Within a week, he had paper and a notepad. King's "Letter from Birmingham Jail," contained in his incredibly inspiring book Why We Can't Wait, is one of the most powerful statements ever written about civil rights. It nimbly argues for the need to take direct action rather than wait for injustice to be rectified. It remains an essential text for anyone who professes to champion humanity and dignity.
King's "Letter" against the eight clergymen could just as easily apply to many "well-meaning" liberals today. He expertly fillets the white clergy for their lack of concern, pointing out that "the superficial kind of social analysis that deal with effects and does not grapple with underlying causes." He points out that direct action is, in and of itself, a form of negotiation. The only way that an issue becomes lodged in the national conversation is when it becomes dramatized. King advocates a "constructive, nonviolent tension that is necessary for growth" — something that seems increasingly difficult for people on social media to understand as they block viewpoints that they vaguely disagree with and cower behind filter bubbles. He is also adamantly, and rightly, committed to not allowing anyone's timetable to get in the way of fighting a national cancer that had then ignobly endured for 340 years. He distinguishes between the just and the unjust law, pointing out that "one has a moral responsibility to obey unjust laws." But he is very careful and very clear about his definitions:
An unjust law is a code that a numerical or power majority group compels a minority group to obey but does not make binding on itself. This is difference made legal. By the same token, a just law is a code that a majority compels a minority to follow and that it is willing to follow itself. This is sameness made legal.
This is a cogent philosophy applicable to many ills beyond racism. This is radicalism in all of its beauty. This is precisely what made Martin Luther King one of the greatest Americans who ever lived. For me, Martin Luther King remains a true hero, a model for justice, humility, peace, moral responsibility, organizational acumen, progress, and doing what's right. But it also made King dangerous enough for James Earl Ray, a staunch Wallace supporter, to assassinate him on April 4, 1968. (Incidentally, King's family have supported Ray's efforts to prove his innocence.)
Why We Can't Wait's scope isn't just limited to Birmingham. The book doesn't hesitate to cover a vast historical trajectory that somehow stumps for action in 1963 and in 2019. It reminds us that much of what King was fighting for must remain at the forefront of today's progressive politics, but also must involve a government that acts on behalf of the people: "There is a right and a wrong side in this conflict and the government does not belong the middle." Unfortunately, the government has doggedly sided against human rights and against the majestic democracy of voting. While Jim Crow has thankfully been abolished, the recent battle to restore the Voting Rights Act of 1965, gutted by the Supreme Court in 2013, shows that systemic racism remains very much alive and that the courts for which the eight white Birmingham clergy professed such faith and fealty are stacked against African-Americans. (A 2018 Harvard study discovered that counties freed from federal oversight saw a dramatic drop in minority voter turnout.)
Much as the end of physical slavery inspired racists to conjure up segregation as a new method of diminishing African-Americans, so too do we see such cavalier and dehumanizing "innovations" in present day racism. Police shootings and hate crimes are all driven by the same repugnant violence that King devoted his life to defeating.
The economic parallels between 1963 and 2019 are also distressingly acute. In Why We Can't Wait, King noted that there were "two and one-half times as many jobless Negros as whites in 1963, and their median income was half that of the white man." Fifty-six years later, the Bureau of Labor Statistics informs us that African Americans are nearly twice as unemployed as whites in a flush economic time with a low unemployment rate, with the U.S. Census Bureau reporting that the median household income for African-Americans in 2017 was $40,258 compared to $68,145 for whites. In other words, a black family now only makes 59% of the median income earned by a white family.
If these statistics are supposed to represent "progress," then it's clear that we're still making the mistake of waiting. These are appalling and unacceptable baby steps towards the very necessary racial equality that King called for. White Americans continue to ignore these statistics and the putatively liberal politicians who profess to stand for fairness continue to demonstrate how tone-deaf they are to feral wrongs that affect real lives. As Ashley Williams learned in February 2016, white Democrats continue to dismiss anyone who challenges them on their disgraceful legacy of incarcerating people of color. The protester is "rude," "not appropriate," or is, in a particularly loaded gerund, "trespassing." "Maybe you can listen to what I have to say" was Hillary Clinton's response to Williams, to which one rightfully replies in the name of moral justice, "Hillary, maybe you're the one here who needs to listen."
Even Kamala Harris, now running for President, has tried to paint herself as a "progressive prosecutor," when her record reveals clear support for measures that actively harm the lives of black people. In 2015, Harris opposed a bill that demanded greater probing into police officer shootings. That same year, she refused to support body cams, only to volte-face with egregious opportunism just ten days before announcing her candidacy. In the case of George Gage, Harris held back key exculpatory evidence that might have freed a man who did not have criminal record. Gage was forced to represent himself in court and is now serving a 70-year sentence. In upholding these savage inequities, I don't think it's a stretch to out Kamala Harris as a disingenuous fraud. Like many Democrats who pay mere lip service to policies that uproot lives, she is not a true friend to African Americans, much less humanity. It was a hardly a surprise when Black Lives Matter's Johnetta Elzie declared that she was "not excited" about Harris's candidacy back in January. After rereading King and being reminded of the evils of casual complicity, I can honestly say that, as someone who lives in a neighborhood where the police dole out regular injustices to African-Americans, I'm not incredibly thrilled about Harris either.
But what we do have in this present age is the ability to mobilize and fight, to march in the streets until our nation's gravest ills become ubiquitously publicized, something that can no longer be ignored. What we have today is the power to vote and to not settle for any candidate who refuses to heed the realities that are presently eating our nation away from the inside. If such efforts fail or the futility of protesting makes one despondent, one can still turn to King for inspiration. King sees the upside in a failure, galvanizing the reader without ever sounding like a Pollyanna. Pointing to the 1962 sit-ins in Albany, Georgia, King observes that, while restaurants remained segregated after months of protest, the activism did result in more African-Americans voting and Georgia at long last electing "the first governor [who] pledged to respect and enforce the law equally."
It's sometimes difficult to summon hope when the political clime presently seems so intransigent, but I was surprised to find myself incredibly optimistic and fired up after rereading Why We Can't Wait for the first time in more than two decades. This remarkable book from a rightfully towering figure seems to have answered every argument that milquetoasts produce against radicalism. No, we can't wait. We shouldn't wait. We must act today.


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3 Ways Conservatives and Liberals Made Americans Less Safe in 2012
Perhaps the biggest stumbling blocks in the way of more fruitful public discourse and political change are the artificial left-right ideological divide combined with a bipartisan acceptance of so many of Washington's government programs that harm economic prosperity and peace. While liberals and conservatives often disagree over how this bureaucratic regimentation of society should be administrated, seldom do they question the underlying premises behind this top-down, centralized order.
Coincidentally, both liberals and conservatives, especially in this last decade, have attacked individual liberty in their quest for power or reform. And by attacking liberty, they are also attacking the security and order necessary for civilization and economic growth.
Contrary to what the left and right offer, there is absolutely no reason to sacrifice liberty for security. In fact, liberty and security are two sides of the same coin. As Benjamin Tucker and other libertarians have argued, liberty is the mother, not the daughter, of order. F.A. Hayek dubbed the dangerous attempt by centralized agencies to control order from the top-down, "the fatal conceit."
In the last few years, both liberals and conservatives have done immense damage to this liberty so essential for a just and flexible order, harming both in the process. Here are three examples:
1. Interventionist Foreign Policy
Since at least World War II, but especially in the last decade, the U.S. political establishment and a large majority of both sides of the ideological spectrum has supported a highly militaristic and interventionist foreign policy. While shrouding these overseas interventions in humanitarian rhetoric, more often that these interventions have created the exact opposite results that were intended.
This interventionism makes all Americans less safe because of what the CIA (and basic common sense) calls "blowback." U.S. intervention creates resentment and hostility, which leads to attacks on Americans, especially when these interventions are covert or secret. Simultaneously, the maintenance of a large, global military empire necessary for the ability to intervene all over the globe also leaves us much more defenseless at home against these inevitable attacks. This is how a handful of hijackers could cause so much damage on 9/11; the U.S. government was too busy policing the 38th parallel, policing the oceans, and a myriad of other imperial chores to effectively protect us here.
Not only do the consequences of empire make us less safe, the fundamental premise behind this type of foreign policy is a direct threat to individual liberty. A permanent warfare state, as James Madison said, is the most dangerous threat to public liberty, breeding the germs of debt, taxes, and "the many under the domination of the few." Free markets and civil liberties do not last long under a government that claims the right to intervene militarily anywhere and everywhere around the world.
And thanks to this bipartisan foreign policy of interventionism that, with few exceptions, is supported by both liberals and conservatives, we also have the Transportation Security Administration, brand new monstrous federal departments, a massive surveillance state, and a military-industrial-complex without liberty or security. Just in the last year, the U.S. government, under the rubric of more efficiently waging their empire, claim the right to abolish habeas corpus, maintain kill lists, and assassinate U.S. citizens.
Either we give up this empire, or we will live under it.
2. The Drug War
The federal prohibition on certain substances is also one of the biggest threats to order and liberty. Conservatives almost overwhelmingly, and vehemently, support the drug war, and while some on the left see the harm that this government program causes, are inaudible when President Obama ruthlessly cracks down on states that show a tiny bit of compassion on this issue.
The misnamed "war on drugs" (it is really a war on people) has been, perhaps even more than the national security state, the government program that has done the most to erode our civil liberties and thus public safety. Thanks to the drug war, all three branches of government have given law enforcement the power to violate the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Amendments. "No-knock raids," the growth of SWAT teams, military hardware in the hands of police departments in the smallest of towns, and the general militarization of law enforcement in America can be placed at the feet of the "war on drugs."
Because liberty and order are two sides of the same coin, the drug war is also an assault on our individual liberty. To tell someone what they can or can't put into their bodies is like telling him what he can or can't read, listen to, or watch. The consequences of this challenge to individual freedom and choice should be no surprise.
3. Gun Control
The issue of gun control, like the drug war, is also a misnamed policy that is more accurately an attempt to control individuals rather than guns. While guns have been a sensitive and touchy topic of late, attempts to impose even more gun control restrictions uses the same faulty logic as the attempt to impose drug control. Liberals tend to understand that the drug war creates violent black markets, restricts liberty, and disproportionately harms minorities, but for some reason can not grasp the fact that the exact same consequences ensue with gun control.
And vice-versa for conservatives who oppose gun control and support the drug war. Even the NRA is siding with Senator Dianne Feinstein (D - Calif.) in supporting fascism — the imposition of even more government power over schools. That should come as no surprise, however, since the NRA, with their historical and tacit support for the 1934 National Firearms Act, the 1968 Gun Control Act, the 1986 McClure-Volkmer Act, and general acquiescence on federal gun laws, tend to favor the state-sanctioned crumbs of compromise rather than authentic liberty.
The right of gun ownership exists regardless of the Second Amendment. It is a question of whether individuals have the right to buy, sell, or own private property (guns in this case). Despite the multitude of evidence that suggests that private firearm ownership, especially when individuals are allowed conceal-carry permits, is by far the best way to reduce crime and secure order in society, there are non-stop calls for more gun control.
But who do they think will enforce these gun restrictions? A heavily-armed state, of course. It's hard to think of a better definition of a police state than when only the police and military have guns.
There are literally hundreds more of examples I could name, but these are the three biggest threats to liberty and safety that both liberals and conservatives support. This country would be infinitely freer and safer if all of the above government programs were abolished or radically reduced.
This is because the left and the right fail to understand that the nature of order and peace is society is fundamentally anarchic. This private order emerges from the cumulative efforts of individuals voluntarily cooperating with each other in the marketplace, however they choose to do so, toward the betterment of their lives.
It is a spontaneous, ebb-and-flow that no centralized planner could even possibly come close to imposing, a beautiful anarchy that everyone of us participates in anytime we interact with our fellow man without violence or fraud. This is the true nature of safety and order in society, and until liberals and conservatives understand this, all of their attempts to force their version of order on the rest of us will only create chaos, disorder, and leave us less safe.


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How to reduce a child's risk of developing allergies
Ronald Ferdman, MD Pediatrician, Allergy & Immunology, Children's Hospital Of Los Angeles, shares advice for parents on to reduce your child's chance of developing a food allergy
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Ronald Ferdman, MDPediatrician, Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles
Ronald Ferdman received his BA from the University of California at San Diego and his MD from Hahnemann University (now Drexel University) in Philadelphia. He completed both his Pediatric residency and his fellowship in Allergy/Immunology at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, then obtained a Masters in Medical Education (MEd) from the University of Southern California (USC) School of Education. He currently is an attending physician in the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy at Children's Hospital Los Angeles and is an Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics at the Keck School of Medicine of USC. He is board certified allergy/immunologist, and is a fellow in the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology and the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. His current interests include management of allergic and immunologic diseases in high-risk children and education for families and clinicians. He is a California native, where he currently lives with his wife Susan and their three of four children, and spends his spare time wishing for more.