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Generative Unfolding Sequences
by Greg Bryant
February 5, 2009
On this site, I hope to introduce a new kind of investigation to the various engineering disciplines of computing: the study of generative unfolding sequences.
An unfolding sequence consists of ordered stages in the development of a particular program, in a particular environment. A good sequence demonstrates an idealized smooth unfolding of a program, with steps describing the emergence of structures according to their relative importance to the whole: from the most fundamental structure to the least. Each step also describes global changes, across the entire system (even though this might result in just one low-level local change) in order to keep the result coherent and the principles broadly-applied.
Although sequences describe specific projects in specific contexts, they also inspire new work, and so can be doubly described as generative. Through the use of sequences as a medium, we can discuss the effectiveness of a given process and development environment more easily. And we can better communicate good form to programmers unfamiliar with a given environment.
Good sequences can only be written by recapitulating a particular programming effort, more than once, after experiment and exploration. A good sequence does not back-track or refactor, something that is possible only because of this recapitulation, ensuring that solutions, once found, are integrated back into their appropriate place into these 'canonical' sequences. As a result, each small step describes the emergence of a structure of the appropriate scale, introduced at the right stage in development, contributing to the coherence of the final system.
By following the guidelines below, sequences can convey fundamental ideas in a precise way, identify systemic problems with approaches and environments, and lead to massive improvements in entire categories of engineered systems and development environments.
I present a working example below: Sequence 1. I'm using Google App Engine as a reference platform.
To assist us in continuing this fundamental research, my team is available to write sequences for any technology, on a contract basis. I can be reached at:
Guidelines for Sequence-writing
1. In general, try to order the sequence by the approximate weight and importance of the structures described in each step, along a gradient, from the most fundamental to the least. To determine whether a structure deserves an entire step, or just a footnote to a step, consider whether, as a step, it's of a scale that fits smoothly into the gradient, between the steps before and after it.
2. Make sure that each step creates good organization for all the steps that follow. In this way, each step is global, good for the whole program, so the result will be coherent, robust, comprehensible, balanced, and natural.
3. Write a title for each step, a noun-phrase that describes something in the application that first emerges at that step. This should be something that remains in the application, so the statement it still true at the end of the sequence.
4. Write a description for each step, which is declarative, which is not an instruction, and which does not refer to the stage explicitly, but which describes the structure in the title, in a way that would, again, be just as true in the finished application.
5. After this, describe the implementation for the step -- get chatty: explain the construction, the context, and the code, along with tricks and tips. In the title and description, it's bad form to tell people what to do. But in the implementation section, it's fine.
6. Make sure the structure described, at each step, is in harmony with that of the previous step, yet moves strongly forward: so, no back-tracking, no refactoring. This is not a diary of one exploratory programming adventure. It is a narrative of the best development sequence you can produce. This is a chance to get things right, not just in the final product, but in the way the product emerged. If you wrote the same program many times, taking advantage of what you learned, what would you do differently? Show us, after all this exploratory programming is done. Imagine you are an adventurer, an explorer, and you are writing down the best directions possible, so people can follow you.
7. Some of your steps may not seem very elegant, because they are needed to compensate for limitations in the computing environment. Make these as clear as possible, so the next iteration of that development environment can improve.
Note that 1, 2, 3 and 4 give sequences their generative quality, and engender a balanced view of the whole system.
Patterns, wikis, incremental programming, extreme programming and much more, were inspired by the work of builder and architect Christopher Alexander. So too with sequences.
In his own journey to discover how to build better places, and to help others create those places for themselves, Alexander found that pattern languages and incrementalism were helpful, but not sufficient.
But, over time, he discovered an approach that was sufficient. He tested this approach with thousands of people over many years, and their results were consistently superb, complex, coherent and robust. We have not adopted the approach in computing, yet. It makes use of a particular set of human sensibilities, and one key communication tool: the generative unfolding sequence.
In 1996 Alexander and I embarked on a project to create a CAD tool to facilitate the use of these sequences. With our first internal release, we polished a small sequence of 17 steps, which allowed the user to build something very personal, in a landscape: a gate in a garden. The results were excellent, generated by users who were completely unfamiliar with landscape design, and far surpassing the quality of work to be found in most of today's professional landscape efforts. The power of good sequences was abundantly clear to us.
Sequences are applicable to the creation of better programs. Unfortunately, at the time, we all became somewhat distracted by the dotcom boom. But I've kept an eye out for a good opportunity to revive this line of fundamental research. I call this site "core memory" because these sequences are so reminiscent of DNA, the threads of memory at the core of living systems. And because a collection of ever-improving sequences could become a central repository of computing knowledge.
The 1996-1997 work was sponsored by Bill Joy, with additional help, before and after, by Doug Carlston, Adele Goldberg, Mike Clary, Richard Gabriel, Stewart Brand, Jim Coplien, Kent Beck, Will Wright, Peter Gabriel, Josh Gordon, John Gage, George Williams, Ron Goldman and many, many others.


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I would like to know where gravity gets its energy to attract physical bodies?
I know that the law of conservation states that total energy of an isolated system cannot change. So gravity has to be getting its energy from somewhere, or else things like hydropower plants wouldn't be able to turn the power of the falling water into a spinning rotor.
Just to be clear, Lets create an example:
Lets say we have two objects with equal mass close to each other. So gravity does its job and it pulls each other closer, this gets turned into kinetic energy. This is where I'm lost. According to the law of conservation energy can't be created or destroyed and the kinetic energy comes from the gravitational pull so where does the gravitational pull gets its energy.
If that energy isn't being recycled from some where else then that means you have just created energy, therefore breaking the law of conservation.

subset: commoncrawl


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In May 2000 a band from Milton Keynes called Capdown released their debut album, Civil Disobedients, on London's Household Name Records. They'd so far only released one EP, Time For Change, and not much was expected of them; after all, a band that used to be called Soap playing a ludicrously unfashionable style of music (a still-unique mash-up of ska, hardcore and dub) was hardly going to take over the world.
And yet this one album kick-started an invisible scene that, at its peak, resulted in dozens of bands being able to flourish, even though they were playing resolutely non-commercial music and received virtually zero coverage, except from a few loyal fanzines and webzines. And what's more, the musical boldness of the scene was unparalleled – while it may have ostensibly been termed a 'punk' scene, the number of styles that were effortlessly assimilated by a few daring bands was breathtaking.
Alongside the obvious punk rock and ska influences, there was hardcore, reggae, dub, strutting funk, indie-rock, hip-hop, the odd bit of bhangra and lashings, lashings of pop. But because of bands like Less Than Jake and Reel Big Fish hitting the mainstream and being marginalised as the wacky music that your younger sister might like, any band with a horn section was equally and unfairly written off.
So, back to Capdown. Civil Disobedients was a raucous clusterfuck of an album, and one that made it clear that bands could speak out about political and social happenings, mix up whatever sort of music they wanted and tour relentlessly around the country. While bands such as King Prawn and Asian Dub Foundation laid foundations of sorts, it was this album that really catalysed the movement as a whole. After releasing it, it's impossible to overstate the impact of Household Name on the UK punk scene as, buoyed by the continuing success of Capdown they were able to move away from the vicious if not-exactly-progressive hardcore that had characterised the early days of the label and towards more experimental bands that really did push things forward for the admittedly limited number of people that heard them.
Take the short-lived but legendary Ye Wiles. Without following anything even remotely resembling any kind of punk/ska/hardcore template, this quartet of musicians released an album, Smoothing Away The Horrors Of Indigestion, that combined some of the most original songwriting to come out of this country in a decade with a gorgeously esoteric sound. They existed for a relatively brief period of time before disappearing (apparently, half of them are in Australia) but if the scene produced an album that deserves to be listened to not as a cultural artefact (as Civil Disobedients is) but as a lost masterpiece, it's this one.
In the months immediately following the release of Civil Disobedients, Capdown's touring schedule got heavier and heavier, and the likes of Lightyear, Five Knuckle, Adequate Seven and Captain Everything! began to gain prominence. The most beautiful aspect of their slow rise was that they were united by DIY ethics and raw, naked enthusiasm for music, just like HHN. Lightyear were, frankly, one of the most ludicrous bands around (their posters advertised "Ska – Punk – Chaos" as gigs became known for a lot of nakedness and various shenanigans including a variation on morris dancing), and even though closed-minded punters wrote them off as wacky bullshit, the heart and soul that permeated each one of their songs was hugely infectious, and they would go on to write a true masterpiece in their second album; 2003's Chris Gentleman's Hairdresser and Railway Bookshop.
Lightyear - 'Kid Dynamite' @ Wedgwood Rooms, Portsmouth; July '03
- - -
2002 saw debut full-lengths from Five Knuckle and Captain Everything!, two of the hardest-touring bands on the roster – and that's saying something. Despite being personally selected by The Distillers (remember them?) to support them on numerous occasions, 5K never quite managed to make much progress beyond the toilet circuit. As is a common theme in this tale, their second album Balance was a startlingly assured piece of work that, had it been released by a more zeitgeist-courting band would probably be hailed as a modern classic. As it is, it sank almost without trace and they split up in 2005.
Cardiff's Adequate Seven released their debut, Songs of Innocence and Experience, on HHN in 2003, a record that was unfortunately underwhelming to say the least. Best known for their stunning live shows, they were unable to capture that blinding energy but their gigs remained some of the best this writer has ever seen. Seamlessly blending funk (not just a bit of wah but some truly fine musicianship and songwriting) and punk rock, they managed to break new musical ground almost with each gig. Various difficulties arose, and they left HHN for the release of their second album, Here On Earth. It didn't catapult them into the big leagues. They too split up in 2006.
Deck Cheese, Golf, Moon Ska and, to a lesser extent, Good Clean Fun were other labels that contributed a comparable amount of influential bands that were also significant in the story, although differently. It's fair to say that Moon Ska benefited most from the mainstream ska boom, but also took a relative risk in providing the incendiary Sonic Boom Six with their first deal and shot at a wider exposure. Deck Cheese gave No Comply (more on both bands later) a platform and loyally stayed with them throughout their mutation into one of the most exciting live bands in the county. GCF acted as launch pads for, among others, Fireapple Red and Howards Alias (later to move to Visible Noise and HHN respectively), and whose final release was from a band called My Dad Joe, containing future Gallows member Lags. Out of these larger labels, Golf has now taken to licensing larger bands for UK releases (including Hell Is For Heroes and, um, Underoath), while Deck Cheese's most notable release of recent years has been the astonishing Failsafe's debut, What We Are Today.
While, as with any burgeoning scene, smaller bands clung to the coat tails of the leading lights, the difference here was that, for the most part, the only competition was friendly and relationships between various bands, as well as those of their fans, were nothing but positive. Civil Disobedients was heralded as a classic in its own time, and bands who supported Capdown certainly weren't shy about their adoration for the album/band onstage. The constant evolution of bands like No Comply, Howards Alias, Sonic Boom Six, Lightyear and Captain Everything! on a month-by-month basis as their music grew meant that even though only a relatively small number of people were actually bearing witness to the scene, it was consistently exciting.
Bands and fans were indistinguishable from one another at shows. A handful of dedicated, passionate promoters across the British Isles worked hard to help the scene flourish and local bands were able to cut their teeth by supporting their heroes. And even though they were respected by so many, the curious lack of ego in all the musicians meant the scene was inherently inclusive rather than tarnished by the exclusivity seen in various sectors of the DIY hardcore/punk community. Fans were on personal terms with the bands they loved – it was a regular occurrence for, post-gig, a band to go and crash on a fan's floor out of sheer convenience and the fact that they couldn't afford a Travelodge.
But there was also an element of bitchiness that, although marginal, slowly grew. As with any fledgling community the internet played an integral part in its nurturing but this also let the armchair punks exercise their elitism in a manner that was nothing but detrimental. The skacore band Farse played a charity benefit show and, due to an organisational fuck-up and misunderstanding, ended up being paid for it. This got into the hands of a few elitist idiots and the story mutated into the ugly notion that they'd stolen hundreds of pounds from charity and resulted in more than a few holier-than-thou 'punks' proclaiming that Farse were blacklisted from events and venues around the country.
Capdown - 'Kained But Able' @ The Peel, Kingston; January '02
- - -
In such a multicultural musical environment, one would've hoped that social inclusion would be taken for granted, but when it became evident that the singer of one of the most prominent bands doing the circuit was homosexual, the rumour mill churned out stories that he was, in fact, a paedophile. Thanks to the fact that, for better or for worse, the scene was essentially middle class, the fans' broadband connections both helped and hindered and allowed these rumours to roost in the forums of certain webzines.
The mainstream ska boom led by Reel Big Fish and Less Than Jake's dayglo assault on MTV manifested itself in the underground by yet more resentment towards bands with either a) a reliance on upstrokes or b) a horn section. Two sufferers of this ridiculous stance were Adequate Seven (a fucking funk band) and No Comply. Admittedly, NC's first EP had a bit of ska, but by the time their debut album, the still-impressive With Windmills Turning Wrong Directions was released on Deck Cheese they'd turned into a quite fabulous metal band that employed a horn section for the more epic, cinematic moments. And yet, certain sectors wrote them off even though they made the pages of Kerrang! and were invited over to Canada for a few Warped Tour dates. The Lock-Up stage at Reading & Leeds regularly played host to one or two UK bands each year (and still features a couple at the beginning of the day, notably Sonic Boom Six who keep gaining huge crowds with relatively no press coverage) and Jesse James flew to the US to record an album with legendary producer Ryan Greene.
Despite, at the peak, bands like [spunge] and Capdown playing relatively huge gigs at venues including London's Astoria, coverage in the mainstream press was practically non-existent. Save one article covering Capdown's co-headlining tour with Hundred Reasons, the thousands of fans across the country were left without any external support for their scene. Mike Davies at Radio 1's The Lock Up provided a weekly snippet of punk goodness, but considering the show was broadcast on a weekday at either midnight or 2am, it was tough to really stay in touch with it.
In 2005 and 2006, No Comply, Five Knuckle, Lightyear, King Prawn, Howards Alias, Freaks Union and Route 215 all split up (Howards Alias and Lightyear later reformed). Capdown's final tour will finish on the 9th of November and Captain Everything! are currently on hiatus. Jesse James split this year.
So what's the legacy of this short-lived, practically ignored scene? In terms of music, there are several albums and EPs that can transcend normal boundaries of genre and hold some appeal to more than just fans of noisy punk. Ye Wiles' Smoothing Away The Horrors Of Indigestion, Adequate Seven's Here On Earth and Lightyear's Chris Gentleman's Hairdresser And Railway Bookshop fall into this category, but are by no means the only examples. And if you're already partial to a bit of the heavy/fast stuff, then a collection without Captain Everything!'s Buena Vista Bingo Club, No Comply's With Windmills Turning Wrong Directions, Five Knuckle's Balance, Adequate Seven's Songs Of Innocence And Experience, Failsafe's What We Are Today and Sonic Boom Six's A Ruff Guide To Genre Terrorism simply isn't a collection at all.
Sonic Boom Six - 'All In' feat. Coolie Ranx
- - -
But perhaps the best legacy is the fact that Failsafe and Sonic Boom Six not only still exist, but are flourishing on their own merits. Without being able to cut their teeth on the live circuit they wouldn't be able to make their imminent assaults on the mainstream as fully-formed as they are. Failsafe, quite simply, are the sound of youth distilled into short, sharp and tightly-focused punk rock blasts. Their music is never anything less than pure energy, and it certainly helps that they're ridiculously accomplished songwriters at the same time.
But it's Sonic Boom Six who have the best chance of breaking through to the public's wider consciousness. With the second album Arcade Perfect about to drop, appreciable fan support accrued in mainland Europe, Japan and the US all because of their refreshingly scattershot approach to genre, instead concentrating on working out how best to make an audience dance. Like MIA without the nauseating self-consciousness, they sound exactly how you'd imagine The Clash would if they were brought up in Manchester in the '90s. With a background as rooted in free party/illegal rave culture as it is in punk rock, they carefully mix ska, reggae, raga, hip-hop, drum 'n bass and punk seamlessly to create a sound that is unique, inspiring and honest. But they could easily not exist. Without the UK's punk scene to let them grow into such a mature live band, they'd be written off as a band unable to really coagulate the myriad musical influences that assault us every day. And for that, as well as a truly rich homegrown music scene that almost passed by unnoticed, we've got Capdown to thank.


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Ghummakkad Shastra
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Ghummakkad Shastra book
This book is author by Rahul Sankrityayan and published by Kitab Mahal
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Author | Rahul Sankrityayan |
No. of Pages | 96 |
Book Cover | Paperback |
Size | Standard |
Language | Hindi |
Publisher | Kitab Mahal |
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Wee, sleekit, cowran, tim'rous beastie,
O, what a panic's in thy breastie!
Thou need na start awa sae hasty,
Wi' bickering brattle!
I wad be laith to rin an' chase thee,
Wi' murd'ring pattle!
I'm truly sorry Man's dominion
Has broken Nature's social union,
An' justifies that ill opinion,
Which makes thee startle,
At me, thy poor, earth-born companion,
An' fellow-mortal!
Thankfully, under the watchful eyes of the Scotch Gods, this year's Burns supper celebration was scheduled a week after the big nor'easter blizzard. The intimate black tie affair for 45 was held at the quaint and charming Resto. Its the perfect combination of rustic European hunting lodge paired with big hearty New York vibes. As our bagpiper greeted the well heeled guests, we hoped they were transported to a little inn somewhere in the Scottish highlands.
In keeping with the intimate theme, everyone was seated at one long L-shaped table, complete with tartan trimmings and a selection of whisky. This year's selection combined some from the old world, new world and the far east. The highlight being the beautifully bottled Hibiki 12 year by Suntory Japan. No surprise here given its popularity and numerous awards – Hibiki is smooth on the palette with hints of marmalade and warm almond notes.
Our feast started off bold with big shared platters of chicken liver toasts and deviled eggs. Perfect to absorb the first few gulps and to give a 'toast' to the cheeky devil himself – Rabbie Burns.
Just prior to the huge platters of the main course called for us to pay our proper respects – To A Haggis. We then followed the bagpiping procession outside where the real theatrics happened. A bit of fire breathing performance art to kick off the main course felt truly magical! Highly recommend it – it will give your dinner the extra oomph and pizzazz (not to mention lots of social media worth snaps!). Just don't try fire breathing yourself, leave it to the pros kids!
Dinner highlights included the perfectly charred beer braised steaks, addictive fries and bold kale salad. The lively conversations and barrels of laughter signaled that the feast was indeed in full swing. Guests helped themselves with more whisky and second-third helpings of beef and haggis, while a few brave gents attempted their best Scottish accents and read excerpts from Robert Burns' famous poems. This was the ultimate 'Dead Poets Society' meeting if ever there was one.
The final (drunken inaudible) rendition of Auld Lang Syne reminded us of the timelessness of Robert Burns. Even though the lothario himself never lived to see his 40th birthday, looking at his portrait, his smirk and twinkle in his eyes hint at a sense of modern familiarity. Playboy, nature lover, bon vivant, man about town, incredible story teller… As our guests started peeling themselves away from the table, we headed off into the next phase of the night, continuing the ruckus merriment, each of us carrying with us a bit of the Rabbie Burns spirit into the cold New York night…


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President Trump has signed into law a bipartisan bill to create a three-digit number for mental health emergencies. The Federal Communications Commission had already picked 988 as the number for this hotline and aims to have it up and running by July 2022. The new law paves the way to make that a reality.
"We are thrilled, because this is a game changer," says Robert Gebbia, CEO of the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention.
He and other mental health advocates say this will make it easier for more Americans to access mental health care.
The existing National Suicide Prevention Lifeline is a 10-digit number — 1-800-273-TALK — and it has seen a rise in call volume in recent years.
Still, the number isn't easy to remember or dial in times of crisis, says Gebbia. "When you're in crisis and you're already emotionally upset, the hardest thing to do is find the number that's a 10-digit number and call it."
A three-digit number makes it a lot easier. "When there are other emergencies, we know 911," he says. "It's ingrained in our heads — we don't have to think about it."
He and other mental health advocates think the new 988 number will become similarly widely accepted and used.
"A national three-digit number will make it far easier for millions of Americans to reach out for help and get immediate connection to care when they're experiencing a mental health or suicidal crisis," says Kimberly Williams, president and CEO of Vibrant Emotional Health, the organization that runs the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline. "Most importantly, 988 will help save lives."
The existing lifeline is a national network of about 170 local crisis centers. When someone calls the national number, they're routed to the local crisis center that's closest to them.
But many crisis centers "are struggling to stay afloat," says Gebbia. They get very little federal funding and have to raise money on their own. Some have even closed in recent years.
If a crisis center is unable to respond to all callers at any time, calls are diverted to backup centers. There can be dropped calls along the way or long wait times before callers can speak to a trained counselor.
"It's very hard for someone when they're struggling to make that call," says Gebbia. "And to be on hold, not have the call go through, not have the call answered in a timely way, can be devastating. It can be a matter of life and death."
The new law helps solve this problem, say Gebbia and Williams, because it provides funding and resources to boost the capacity of local crisis centers to handle call volumes, which are expected to go up once 988 is up and running in 2022.
"Under 988, it is anticipated that far more people will be reaching out for help," says Williams.
The law also gives states the authority to levy fees on wireless bills, "similar to how 911 is financed in a lot of states," says Lauren Conaboy, vice president of national policy at Centerstone, a behavioral health care provider working in several states.
Gebbia adds that the new law will help change how society responds to mental health emergencies.
Right now, many people end up relying on 911 for these emergencies. And the cases are handled by the police and hospital emergency departments.
"But often, the person can be helped just by a conversation," he adds. "We don't have to dispatch police."
Cases that need more intervention can be resolved without sending someone to an emergency department. "States will have more funding now to invest in things like crisis mobile teams ... with trained mental health personnel," says Gebbia.
Call volumes to the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline have increased during the coronavirus pandemic, peaking at an increase of 6% in July, compared to the same period a year ago, according to Vibrant Emotional Health.
And studies show that the need for mental health care is growing, says Conaboy. The new law, she says, will help meet that growing need.
"So that two years down the road, we're equipped as a nation to provide those emergency services and to make it as easy as possible for someone in that moment of crisis to reach out," she says.
Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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The NYC Street Works Manual describes policies governing work on city streets, and presents procedures for notice, approval and execution of such work. These policies and the Manual's presentation of permit procedures are designed to deliver higher quality street surfaces, fewer transportation capacity reductions and a more efficient construction environment to the people and businesses of New York City.
There are nearly 6,000 miles of streets in New York City. City streets facilitate the movement of pedestrians, transit riders, motorists and cyclists as well as the delivery of goods and services throughout the city. Under the surface, the same streets support the city's water, sewer, power and telecommunications infrastructure, as well as its subway tunnels and building vaults. The streets themselves also serve as public spaces, fostering social, economic and recreational activities.
Management of New York City's street infrastructure is critical to the city's economic well-being and quality of life. The Street Works Manual is a tool intended to increase the performance of both city government and the private sector in this regard. Its overall goals are both far-reaching and vital: sustaining the city's investment in its streets, enhancing access to subsurface infrastructure and minimizing transportation and community disruptions.
To this end, the Street Works Manual is a resource for all parties that perform work in New York City streets, from utilities and contractors installing, replacing and repairing underground infrastructure to developers replacing roadways and sidewalks adjacent to building sites and homeowners performing their own sidewalk repairs.
NYC DOT coordinates street opening and other construction on streets.
How to Use the Street Works Manual
The organization of the Street Works Manual generally follows the chronological process of planning and undertaking work in the street.
Chapter 2 describes processes and tools to enhance advance planning and coordination of street work between NYC DOT's own capital resurfacing and reconstruction programs and the street infrastructure work of other stakeholders, especially those that perform a large number of street excavations. One tool highlighted in this chapter is DOTMap, a data sharing initiative that allows for better coordination of planned street reconstruction and resurfacing activities with other street excavation work.
Chapter 3 describes different types of construction-related permits issued by NYC DOT and outlines the application processes for each permit type. It also provides cross-references to useful online forms and tools.
Chapter 4 describes the processes for executing work in the streets, after permits and approvals are obtained, and the enforcement actions NYC DOT may take to safeguard city streets.
In Chapters 3 and 4, the symbol is used to indicate particularly time-sensitive requirements of the processes described.
Appendices to the Street Works Manual provide additional resources, including a list of common permit types and the supporting documentation required for each permit type, reference copies of applications and required forms, contact information for NYC DOT and other agencies and utilities, a list of the stipulations placed on permits under certain conditions and/or at certain locations, and useful internet links by chapter of the Manual.
The guidance presented in the Street Works Manual does not supersede any existing federal, state or city laws, rules and regulations. For complete NYC DOT requirements regarding the performance of work in the street, please consult the Highway Rules and NYC DOT specifications
The Glossary and definitions found in this Manual provide a brief explanation of NYC DOT terminology. Any definitions found in existing federal, state or city laws, rules and regulations take precedence as the official and legal definitions.
NYC DOT disclaims any liability for omissions or errors that may be contained herein.


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How do our limitations get defined?
• • • • •
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55° 05' / 24° 46'
Translation of the Bagaslaviskis chapter from
Pinkas Hakehillot Lita
Written by Raphael Julius
Published by Yad Vashem
Published in Jerusalem, 1996
Project Coordinator
Our sincere appreciation to Yad Vashem
This is a translation from: Pinkas Hakehillot Lita: Encyclopedia of Jewish Communities, Lithuania,
Editor: Prof. Dov Levin, Assistant Editor: Josef Rosin, published by Yad Vashem, Jerusalem.
JewishGen, Inc. makes no representations regarding the accuracy of
the translation. The reader may wish to refer to the original material
for verification.
JewishGen is not responsible for inaccuracies or omissions in the original work and cannot rewrite or edit the text to correct inaccuracies and/or omissions.
Our mission is to produce a translation of the original work and we cannot verify the accuracy of statements or alter facts cited.
(Pages 162-163)
A town in the Vilkomir (Ukmerge) district.
Written by Raphael Julius
Translated by Shaul Yannai
Year | General Population | Jews |
1790 | 255 | .. |
1847 | 305 | .. |
1914 | ~100 families | ~50 families |
1923 | 161 | .. |
1940 | .. | 12 families |
1959 | 228 |
Bagaslaviskis is a small town along the road to Vilnius, 21 km south of Vilkomir, the district's city. In 1790 it was granted the rights of a town by King Stanislav August Poniatovski. As a result, the town started to develop, the number of market days increased, it had yearly fairs, and a few shops were opened. The town is surrounded by beautiful landscape with forested hills, fields and pastures. In 1880 and 1918, the town burned down.
Before WWI there were 50 Jewish families in Bagaslaviskis, but in the following years their number decreased. Jews lived also in the nearby villages of Vepriai and Jokubaiciai. During WWI, 500 Jewish families who were exiled from the Kaunas-Vilkomir region, from Jonava and Kaunas, came to Bagaslaviskis and to other towns in the area, but a few weeks later they were exiled from this area as well. The Jews of Bagaslaviskis feared that their fate would end in the same manner. It was only after lobbying with the authorities that they were they permitted to stay. The notables of the community became guarantors for the Jews' good behavior, with the death penalty looming over their heads if a Jew would be caught spying for the Germans.
Among the Jews, there were a number of grocers and peddlers, a plasterer, a tailor, 2 shoemakers, and a few that owned wagons. The yearly fair brought some life to the town. After the 1918 fire, the town received aid from Yakapa (the Vilnuis council for helping Jews who were hurt in the war). A year later, in 1920, the aid increased to 6,200 marks, most of which was intended for purchasing foodstuff and some of it was used for cultural needs.
The economic situation of the Jews of Bagaslaviskis did not improve during the period of Independent Lithuania. The establishing of the Lithuanian cooperatives worsened the situation. Most of the Jews were petty traders, peddlers and coachmen. A few owned shops. There were also artisans: a miller, a tailor and a few shoemakers. In 1939 there wasn't even a single telephone in the town.
The community was too small and too poor to support a Rabbi or a doctor, not to mention a school. The local priest engaged in treating the sick (he used cupping glasses, leeches and hot bricks in order to cure pneumonia and stomach aches), and the Melamed (teacher) in the Heder also functioned as a butcher. The town would be visited by a travelling-Rabbi. His job was to register the births and the deaths, to request a Rabbi to officiate a marriage, and so on. One of the people who was born in the town was Rabbi Avraham-Haim Shas, the son of Shemuel, who served in the Rabbinate of some of Lithuania's communities in the middle of the 19th century and left behind him many handwritten new interpretations of the Torah. The last Rabbi of Bagaslaviskis was Rabbi Yerachmiel Yashpa.
A few of the town's Jews studied in the Hebrew Gimnasia in Vilkomir. After they returned to their town, they brought the spirit of the big city to it and they initiated evenings with lectures and dialogues on culture and society. The Jews of Bagaslaviskis had relations with the Jews of the nearby Gelvonai: the former used the library in Gelvonai and participated in the drama club of the bigger town. From time to time lecturers, messengers and delegates who collected donations would come to Bagaslaviskis.
In 1925, as the meeting of the 14th Zionist Congress approached, some Shekalim (tokens of membership in the Zionist organization) were also sold in Bagaslaviskis. 47 people participated in the 1935 elections to the 19th Zionist Congress: 27 voted for the Eretz-Yisrael Haovedet party, 17 for the General Zionists (Grosmanists), 2 for the General Zionists A, and one for the Mizrahi.
Due to the difficult economic situation and increasing poverty, Jews, especially the younger generation, started to leave the town. The elderly stayed behind and subsisted through the support of their children who went to other countries. This support was the sole means of livelihood for many of the Jews of the town. Quite many of them waited for the opportunity to join their children. Their hopes were foiled by WWII and the arrival of the Germans.
Very little is known of what eventuated in Bagaslaviskis during the Holocaust. When Germany occupied Lithuania in the summer of 1941, groups of Lithuanian Nationalists (The Activists) got together and brutally oppressed the Jews. Some of them also participated in transferring the Jews of Bagaslaviskis to Vilkomir and in massacring them there on Friday, 13 Elul, 5701 (September 5, 1941), together with the other Jews from the nearby towns and other places in the area. Very few of them survived.
Central Zionist Archives, Jerusalem, files 55/1788, 55/1701, 13/15/131, Z-4/2548.
Bakalczuk-Felin, M. (Editor), Yizkor book of Rakishok and Environs, Johannesburg, 1952, pages 324-326.
Yakapa Report.
Yizkor Book Project JewishGen Home Page
Copyright © 1999-2024 by JewishGen, Inc.
Updated 21 May 2010 by LA


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Unfortunately, we were on different airlines, but all arriving in West Palm Beach on the same day. My mother was leaving from Dallas, and the rest of us from North West Arkansas.
Dale, Kathryn and Bubba ready to go! |
We had many tasks to be ready to travel to the Bahamas. We had three days before we had to check out of the marina, and we were also looking for a weather window to cross the Gulf Stream to the Bahamas West End.
We organized our food lists and split up, Bubba and I headed to Sams Club, and Kathryn and Audrey(mom) headed to Walmart. It was divide and conquer!!! I also sent Kathryn on a little of a wild goose chase, as I didn't know if the propane bottles were completely filled or not. So she caught an Uber to fill the tanks. Turns out the tank were already full, and after $2.60 for propane and $20 Uber rides, we had the peace of mind that we would have coffee and cooking for the foreseeable future! Thanks Kathryn!!!!
This was only half of the stuff! Where to put it all???? |
Always time for a quick beer! |
Bubba's bucket of beer! |
We tried our best to loose those white sunglasses |
Of course our social butterfly Bubba had friends in West Palm Beach. So we had dinner with Gizzi, who's name is actually Kristin...took me a while to get her name right!
Bubba, Gizzi(Kristin), Kathryn, Dale, Audrey |
Beautiful sunrise West Palm Beach |
Early morning walk |
Sunset in West Palm Beach |
Sunrise at the marina |
Bubba and Dale installing the new BBQ grill |
Bubba and mom removing the old decal |
Dale and Bubba installing the new decals |
s/vMokaKat |
No comments needed! |
Our first dinner on anchor |
Sunset in West Palm Beach harbor |
MokaKat was ready for the crossing, but the captain was totally stressed. The only time that I had taken the boat out of the marina was the quick motor to the anchorage. I did spend a couple of hours with the boat in the harbor during the sea trial, but no blue water sailing. I didn't know how the boat was going to perform and I really didn't know the boat that well. Luckily, the boat was very similar to my original MokaKat, a 2009 Leopard L40. I was still stressed and the butterflies were flying!
After a short sleep, we woke up at 3:00 am and made coffee, and got the boat ready to go. It was anchor up at 4:00 am, and we were motoring out of the anchorage. The large dock lights lit up the whole harbor, so getting through the other anchored boats and into the channel was very easy. We headed out the pass with 5 knot east wind and very small swell. The wind was to be on the nose the whole trip, so we would have to motor the whole 60 miles to the Bahamas West End.
Lights from West Palm Beach |
Sunrise in the Atlantic, heading to the Bahamas! |
Relaxing after a stressful couple of days |
Fish on!!!! |
Mai Mai!!! |
Our first Mai Mai!!! Great job Bubba! |
Captain doing what he does best! |
Mom enjoying being on the water again |
Quick lunch selfie on the open seas! |
The only casualty of the trip was the boat bucket. I was trying to get sea water to wash out the fish blood and the lost the bucket overboard. It was floating, so Bubba turned around but we ran over the bucket. we circled around again, but it was sinking fast. I took off my shirt and shorts and dove into the cold 1000 foot water, but the bucket was already down below 30 feet. Oh well, I believe we had a spare, but you know captains and their boat buckets....
Land Ho! West End Bahamas |
Entering the West End Old Bahama Bay Marina for customs check in! |
Large bull shark welcoming us to the marina! Yikes!!! |
Bubba's shopping efforts |
Officially in the Bahamas! |
View of the marina |
Lobster dinner!!! |
Coming up next will be our Bahamas experience in Abaco!
Happy Sailing on MokaKat!


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Thunder Player Power Rankings: Kid Complete
Slump over? Slump over.
I'm not even sure I'd call what the Thunder went through the past three weeks qualifies as a "slump," seeing as they've gone 9-5 since the All-Star break. But the reality was that they weren't playing their best ball. Losing game at home they shouldn't, playing inconsistently and relying on Kevin Durant and Russell Westbrook to save them from would-be losses.
They were close to blowing one against the Wolves, but they didn't, which means the Thunder have strung together three straight wins over the Clippers, Wolves and Heat. The loss in Utah was rough, but OKC's won four of five and started to look like themselves again. It's what you hope to see as the Thunder gear up for a grueling two weeks of play and then the playoffs after that. You want them keyed in for these games, not necessarily the ones against the Cavs or Jazz. No excuse for losing games you should win, but it happens. And when you handle business like the Thunder have in the last three, it almost magically excuses those.
Now to the rankings:
1. Kevin Durant (Last week: 2)
Public service announcement: Kevin Durant is a much better defender than you think. KD is holding opponents to 37 percent from the floor when he's guarding them, the best such percentage in the NBA. He's improved six percentage points from last season. Is he an elite defender? By no means. But he's certainly becoming a good one, which with his ability on the other end, easily places him among the two or three best players in basketball. I asked KD the other night if he didn't feel he was getting enough respect as a defender and he just said he wasn't really thinking about it. In a classic Durant move, he actually said he's "lucky" guys are missing shots when he's guarding them. Yeah, "lucky."
Add in the fact he's passing, creating and of course, scoring, Durant is becoming the fully operational Death Star of a basketball player we all know he can be.
With an offensive game like he's got and the kind of performance he put up Sunday against Miami, Durant has placed his name firmly in the MVP discussion. Which didn't really seem possible two weeks ago. Now, he's right there. A strong finish to the season and another beatdown of LeBron in a couple weeks and KD might slip in and steal it.
2. Russell Westbrook (Last week: 1)
Last week, I said Westbrook was incredibly consistent. So what does he do? He follows up the best scoring night of his career with the worst shooting night he's had in two months. Thanks, Russ.
3. James Harden (Last week: 3)
Scott Brooks loves calling Harden a "guard." But he means it in a way to illustrate his versatility between the point and shooting guard spots. As in, he's not confined to either slot. It fits too because Harden isn't your conventional shooting guard. He doesn't curl off screens into a fading jumper. He doesn't look to chuck 15 shots a night. He plays completely within the flow and rhythm of a game, assisting, shooting when open and attacking wisely. Harden's 19 points Sunday night against the Heat came on 6-of-7 shooting, and he added six assists to go with it. How many players do that sort of thing on a consistent basis?
4. Serge Ibaka (Last week: 4)
Have a look at Serge Ibaka's shooting stats: At the rim, he's shooting almost 70 percent. From 3-9 feet, just 39.6. From 10-15 feet, 25.8 percent. But 16 to 23 feet? He's shooting 45.0 percent. Compare him from that distance to other big men that are considered good from mid-range. Chris Bosh: 41.0 percent. David West: 47.0 percent. Pau Gasol: 45.0 percent. LaMarcus Aldridge: 42.5 percent.
It's time to just accept it: Ibaka's a really solid mid-range shooter. And that aspect of his game makes the Thunder's offense 20 percent better. (Note: I just made that last stat up.) The ability to space the floor, pick-and-pop with Ibaka and have that pressure release there opens up a whole lot for OKC. And really makes me wonder if Ibaka's mid-range game is good enough to have him on the floor at all times in crunch time.
5. Nick Collison (Last week: 7)
Collison's work against Kevin Love in that marathon double-overtime game almost was enough for him to earn the top spot this week. But then I figured I already did enough giving him this.
6. Kendrick Perkins (Last week: 9)
A season high of 12 points against the Wolves Friday and then another new season high of 16 against the Heat. Which included a number of awesome dunks, like the one where he dropkicked Dwyane Wade in the face. Perk had a new look to his new look in that Heat game. He was as intense as we've seen him, almost angry. If he's just been saving a little of that for the postseason, the Thunder could be in good shape.
(An aside: I love the way Perk dunks when he's all alone. He does it Shaq-style, spreading his legs out wide, and then swing himself on the rim. I think kicking Wade in the fact was probably an accident, but as Brian Davis would say, I think it was the good kind of accident.)
7. Thabo Sefolosha (Last week: 5)
His minutes are about to start increasing. Scott Brooks had wanted to keep him under 20 a game and then slowly bring them up. He got 20 against the Heat Sunday and will likely start fitting back into his normal game, which fluctuate anywhere between 20 and 30, depending on matchups. Sefolosha was terrific Sunday guarding Wade and LeBron. He's so disruptive in passing lanes that he can throw off an offensive possession all on his own.
8. Derek Fisher: (Last week: N/A)
In three games with the Thunder, Fisher is 3-of-16 from the field and 2-of-9 from 3. I don't have a lot of confidence when he puts one up right now. But here's the benefit of Fisher: Take Sunday where Westbrook picked up three quick fouls. Big game, against the Heat and Westbrook has to sit. Do you think the Thunder would've been fine sitting Westbrook for the final eight minutes of the half if Reggie Jackson were the backup? This is precisely why having Fisher is nice. He gives the Thunder a luxury behind Westbrook, a confidence.
Can he defend? Nope. Is he shooting well? Double nope. But I think in the long run he's going to pay off. Assuming he remains a backup point guard that's playing between 12 and 18 minutes a night, and not 36.
9. Lazar Hayward (Last week: 12)
With Cook injured, Hayward's gotten some real rotation minutes the last few games and done about as well as he could. Well, except for that three minute stretch to start the fourth quarter against the Wolves. Two fouls and a horrible turnover and he was out of the game immediately. But he's knocked down some corner 3s, played adequate defense and added a little extra depth to the team. All while keeping his headband extraordinarily straight.
10. Daequan Cook (Last week: 8)
Cook is out another week or two, and I'm curious to see how the rotation fits together when he's back. Less minutes for Fisher, I'd assume and obviously Hayward goes back to the bench.
11. Royal Ivey (Last week: 6)
Ivey is back to being an end-of-the-bench guy waiting on an injury or for some foul trouble to get his number called. Which is fine. Because he's shown that he's an excellent piece to have. I think Ivey's nickname should be "In Case of Emergency Break Glass." Because that's kind of what he is.
12. Nazr Mohammed (Last week: 11)
I don't have anything to say about Mohammed. That should summarize his week relatively well.
13. Cole Aldrich (Last week: 8)
Aldrich has adopted Ivey's pregame routine of the underhand halfcourt shot. Against the Wolves, Aldrich went 0-for-3, which included throwing one completely over the goal. Like over the backboard, shot clock, everything.
14. Reggie Jackson (Last week: 10)
Not that Jackson should be all that devastated from the recent turn of events that took him from rotation player to the end of the bench to the D-League within a week, but I'm sure it's disappointing. It's probably what's best for him though. He filled in admirably for Eric Maynor and was never a major issue. Clearly, the Thunder were perfectly fine having him as their backup point guard for the rest of the season and the playoffs as they didn't make a move at the deadline. If Fisher hadn't been bought out by the Rockets, Jackson would be in his role. So it's not necessarily a slam against him and his development that this has happened. It's just that he has room to grow and fortunately, time to do it.
Inactives: Eric Maynor


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Trump, GOP Hill leaders to meet at Camp David in January
WEST PALM BEACH, Fla. (AP) - Eager for more legislative achievements before Washington's focus shifts to the midterm elections, President Donald Trump plans to open the new year by meeting with Republican congressional leaders to map out the 2018 legislative agenda, the White House said.
After returning to Washington from Florida, where he is spending the holidays, Trump will quickly host Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky and House Speaker Paul Ryan of Wisconsin at the rustic Camp David presidential retreat in Maryland's Catoctin Mountains during the weekend of Jan. 6-7, the White House said.
Spokesmen for Ryan and McConnell have confirmed they will attend.
The powwow will follow the recent enactment of legislation to cut taxes, beginning next year, for corporations and individuals at an estimated cost of $1.5 trillion added to the national debt over 10 years.
The bill marked the first major legislative achievement of 2017 for Trump and congressional Republicans, who made cutting taxes a must-do this year after the Senate failed to close the deal on another top GOP promise: to repeal and replace the Obama health care law.
The tax bill ends the requirement that all Americans buy health insurance or pay a fine, which is a key component of the Affordable Care Act, but leaves intact other features of the health care law. No Democrats voted for the tax bill, which Trump signed at the White House before he flew to Florida on Friday.
The agenda for next year is already lengthy, and 2018 is still a few days away.
Trump predicted in a tweet earlier this week that Democrats and Republicans will "eventually come together" to develop a new health care plan. The president is also forecasting unity between the parties on spending to upgrade aging roads, bridges and other transportation. The White House has said Trump will unveil his long-awaited infrastructure plan in January.
Ryan, meanwhile, has talked about overhauling Medicaid and Medicare and other welfare programs, but McConnell has signaled an unwillingness to go that route unless there's Democratic support for any changes. Trump has also said he wants to pursue "welfare reform" next year because "people are taking advantage of the system."
Congress, meanwhile, will open the year needing to clear a backlog from 2017.
The list includes agreeing on a spending bill by Jan. 19 to avert a partial government shutdown and to boost Pentagon spending. Lawmakers also need to agree on billions in additional aid to help hurricane victims, lifting the debt ceiling, extending a children's health insurance program and extending protections for immigrants brought to the U.S. illegally as children. Trump tweeted earlier in the year that he was ending the program for the immigrants. He gave lawmakers until Jan. 5 to come up with a legislative solution.
Much of the work will need to be done before Republicans shift their focus to the midterm elections that take place November 2018 and retaining their House and Senate majorities.
Follow Darlene Superville on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/dsupervilleap


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Although I have been using the moonsigns to help guide me through my gardening efforts for over ten years, I am by no means an expert on the subject. In fact, pretty much everything I know comes from the big Historical Weather Chart Calendars that we are given each year around Christmas at the feed store. I have never in my life seen another calendar that provides so much information.
Besides telling you which zodiac sign each day of the year is in, you can also check the distance to plant trees, learn how to fight a fire, count your calories, figure out the quanity of seed used per acre for several dozen crops, and ascertain the amount of silage in silos. And that's just some of what is on the back page. If January 1st rolls around and I don't have my new calendar in hand, I pretty much start to panic.
I probably would be an expert by now if I'd had the guts to do something more than a one-time rapid flip-through of the copy of Astrological Gardening: The Ancient Wisdom of Successful Planting & Harvesting by the Stars that has been sitting on my bookshelf for at least a couple of years. But I was already so paranoid about doing things on the wrong day just from what I'd read on my calendar. This was an entire book wanting to tell me when I could (and couldn't) do what. I mean, there are even specific days when you are supposed to water the garden!
But when I started mentioning some of the 'good' moonsign days to start seeds and transplant in my blog posts, several readers became curious and asked me about how this whole minding the moonsign business works. So I gathered up my courage and took down the book. Oh my goodness, it's absolutely crammed with information.
Considering you can buy a copy for about the cost of a couple of packets of seeds, I definitely recommend this book to any gardener interested in improving their gardens (and who isn't?). But before I go any further, I would just like to state two things: 1) Read it at your own mental risk, and 2) If you do read it and become hooked on astrological gardening, you cannot come back and hit me up later for therapy charges because you went berserk trying to do absolutely everything in the garden at precisely the right time.
Now that we have that taken care of, let's get back to the book. Rather than go into everything it covers, I think the best thing to do is simply offer a few excerpts to give you an idea of what the idea behind this book is, and if it seems like it might be something you are interested in learning more about.
I'll start with the note from the author on the back cover that is taken from the introduction:
"It is not my intention to argue the merits of 'moon planting' or 'planting by the signs' but rather to set forth as clearly as I can the accumulated wisdom of the centuries regarding astrological gardening. Something that has endured so long must surely have had a reason for coming into being in the first place.
"Astrology is the study and use of the forces of nature as an aid in obtaining the highest possible degree of success. I believe that if you use the advice in this book, you will have a more productive garden, grow more nutritious vegetables and fruits--and your gardening activities will also provide you with a lot of good, clean fun!"
Here is another excerpt from the introduction:
"Meanwhile, another biologist, Dr. Lily Kolisko, was conducting experiments of a different sort at the Biological Institute in Stuttgart, Germany. Over a period of ten years, Dr. Kolisko planted many varieties of plants during different moon phases, keeping extensive records not only of the growth of these plants, but also of the taste when the leaves and fruit were picked. (Yes, even the taste can be improved if vegetables and fruits are harvested at the right time. And the nutritive value can also be improved.) [My note: I found these last two points absolutely fascinating.]
"Kolisko found that during the moon's first and second quarters, that is, when it is in its increasing phase, plants yielding above the ground grew especially fast. For example, leafy vegetables such as lettuce, cabbage, celery, and spinach, as well as tomatoes, beans, and cereals all showed superior growth and were better tasting than when sown during the moon's waning phase.
"Astrology is not really concerned with explaining why the moon has such an important effect on living organisms, only with stating that scientific evidence and subjective experience have proven over and over again that the positions of the planetary bodies, especially the sun and moon, coincide with the natural cycles of all living things. Accepting this statement, the next step is to try to ascertain specifically just what these effects are, so that we can use them to our own advantage, and live in greater harmony with the natural rhythms.
"To do that we have little choice except to fall back on astrological tradition--some of which sounds like pure fantasy, but much of which makes a great deal of good sense. In this book I will try to sort some of this out.
"Here I want to stress an important factor in successful lunar gardening--something only you can provide--that of common sense. Obviously, if your area is having a blizzard when the moon's position indicates the planting of flowers, it is not a good time to plant. The correct lunar position cannot compensate for weather conditions. Weather, temperature, season, and your own personal schedule must also affect your gardening activities."
From Chapter 1: Planting By The Moon's Phase
"I realize that most of you do not have the time or desire to study astrology, so I'm going to keep it simple. It isn't necessary to understand why moon planting works; all that gardeners are interested in is the fact that it does work.
"So here's the nitty gritty:
"During the increasing light (from new moon to full moon), plant annuals that produce their yield above the ground. An annual is a plant that completes its entire life cycle within one growing season, and has to be seeded anew each year. Most vegetables are annuals. During the decreasing light (from full moon to new foon), plant biennials, perennials, and bulb and root plants.
"A simple, though less accurate, rule is to plant crops that produce above ground during the increase of the moon, and to plant crops that produce below ground during the decrease of the moon. You can further refine your planting and increase your accuracy by paying attention to which quarter the moon is in." And she then goes on to explain what it is best to do in each quarter."
That last bit was on page 14. The book is over 200 pages long, so you can see that she goes into much greater detail about this whole idea. The book contains an amazing variety of information. Here are just some of the chapter titles: Planting By The Signs, Pest And Disease Control, Understanding Water, Vegetables Can Keep You Fit, Organic Gardening Is A MUST, The Herbal Connection, Teach Your Children, and The Value Of Cell Salts.
Still wondering if it's all a bunch of manure? The author (who also wrote the extremely popular books Carrots Love Tomatoes: Secrets of Companion Planting For Successful Gardening and Roses Love Garlic: Companion Planting And Other Secrets Of Flowers, as well as nine others) offers several quotes from scientists regarding astrological gardening and astrology, including this one from the Nobel-prize winning physicist Dr. Robert Millikan, who endorsed the principles involved when answering a question as to the validity of astrology: "I do know that if man is not affected in some way by the planets, sun and moon, he is the ONLY THING ON EARTH THAT ISN'T." (Caps are the author's.)
I, for one, know that I am now ready to venture further into the astrological garden. At the very least, I want to learn when I should harvest everything for optimum flavor and nutritional value. I know I will no doubt feel a bit overwhelmed at first, but I promise I won't go berserk. You'll have to excuse me now, though, as it is a fertile day in the first quarter, and I really must go plant some beans.
© Copyright FarmgirlFare.com.


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In accordance with the Act respecting health services and social services, the Department of Public Health is responsible for management of the regional public-health program. For that purpose, it establishes priorities, organizes services and allocates resources.
Jointly with various partners, including the two health institutions, the Department of Public Health ensures application of the regional public-health program, which covers:
- protection of public health, including the areas of infectious diseases and environmental contaminants. This sector includes the identification of situations of risk for the population and the setup of the necessary corrective measures;
- disease prevention;
- health promotion;
- awareness and monitoring of the Nunavik population's state of health, including information for the population on its overall state of health.
The following are among the programs under the responsibility of the Department of Public Health:
- prevention and control of infectious diseases, particularly MADOs;
- prevention and control of STBIs and HIV/AIDS;
- prevention and control of diabetes;
- regional immunization program;
- occupational-health program;
- promotion od healthy lifestyles;
- promotion of healthy nutrition;
- Good Touch/Bad Touch program;
- anti-smoking program;
- monitoring of the regional population's state of health (health surveys (Qanuippittaa, dental health, mortality, etc.);
- regional food policy;
- public-health subsidy program;
- ISPEC program.
Regional action plan for public health
Nunavik Nutrition and Health Committee (NNHC)
The Nunavik Nutrition and Health Committee (NNHC) is an advisory committee to the Director of Public Health.
The general objective of the NNHC is to ensure regional coordination and communication on issues related to environmental health, nutrition and contaminants. More specifically, the NNHC serves as liaison between researchers and the Nunavik communities and provides information necessary for the public's understanding of data related to environmental health and contaminants in Nunavik. The NNHC also serves as the regional ethics committee for research related to health, nutrition and contaminants.
The NNHC meets three times a year in order to carry out its mandate. The NNHC brings together representatives of many organizations occupying pertinent functions.


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To review the agenda and materials for the Council meeting, please visit our Meeting Package page. Any upcoming or recent meetings will be listed on the right-hand side of the page. Agenda packages are published on the Friday prior to the regularly scheduled Council meeting.
For individuals or groups who wish to attend a Council meeting as a delegation, please complete and return the Delegation Request Form.
Any questions or inquiries regarding Council meetings, please contact our City Clerk/Corporate Officer or call City Hall at 250-426-4211.


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Campus Safety & Security
It is a policy of the Board of Trustees for the San Bernardino Community College District to protect members of the entire college community and the property of the District. In accordance with this policy, the District maintains a Police Department 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The officers are sworn and duly Commissioned Police Officers of the State of California as defined in section 830.32 of the Penal Code and 72330 of the California Education Code, and authority extends to anywhere within the state.
Click to visit the official SBCCD Police Department website.
To view the latest Annual Security Report please click here.
The SBCCD Police Office is located in the Campus Center, Room 100, next to the Bookstore.


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Deloitte names new leader of retail practice
NEW YORK Deloitte announced that Alison Paul has been appointed leader of the retail practice in the United States and elected a vice chairman, effective immediately. Paul succeeds Stacy Janiak, who will continue to provide audit, internal control, merger and acquisition and other specialized services to Deloitte's Fortune 500 consumer business clients.
"Alison brings an impressive record of outstanding service to many of Deloitte's retail clients, and her extensive experience and relationships in the industry have distinguished Alison throughout her career. I am thrilled that she will be taking on this new role and am confident that she will continue to elevate our retail practice," said Bill Freda, Deloitte's U.S. managing partner for clients and markets.
Paul joined Deloitte in 2002 with more than 20 years of experience in the consumer products and retail industries. At Deloitte, Paul has led a variety of global retail client engagements, most recently serving as a principal in Deloitte's strategic relationship management function.


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We notice you are visiting from a country other than Australia or New Zealand. To order in USD and for international delivery please visit
our International website
Product Code: #NZ_646
This pack of 200 Light Up Your Mind Bookmarks will help you encourage reading in your school or library.
These bookmarks printed on double-sided full colour durable 300gsm card and include an appropriate author list on the reverse of the bookmark.
This product includes:


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Have you heard of DMSniff? If you're in the restaurant, entertainment, or retail business and you haven't heard of it, this article is likely to dismay you. It's the latest threat being deployed against those industries.
Researchers from the cybersecurity company Flashpoint now believe that DNSniff malware has been lurking in the wild since at least 2016.
It has proved to be notoriously hard to detect, which explains why we're just now hearing about it. Even worse, the hackers behind the software have been specifically targeting small to medium-sized companies that rely heavily on credit card transactions to survive, These companies don't typically have the resources to deploy state of the art security measures.
One of the key features of this malware strain is that it uses a DGA (Domain Generation Algorithm) to create command and control domains on the fly, which makes it incredibly resistant to blocking mechanisms and takedowns. For instance, if law enforcement officials raid a site, confiscate servers, and shut down a domain, DNSniff keeps doing its thing. It will simply spawn a new command and control domain and continue to transmit stolen data.
Although DGA's are employed by other forms of malware, finding it built into the core functionality of code designed to be injected and run on POS machines is a new twist the researchers hadn't seen coming.
In addition to that, DNSniff also utilizes a string-encoding routine, which enables it to hide even when actively searched for. This makes it more difficult for security personnel to uncover the inner workings of the code.
The goal for the hackers, of course, is to siphon off as many credit card numbers and as much other payment information as they can. They then bundle the stolen data and resell it on the Dark Web. The group behind DNSniff has been wildly successful. If you're in any of the businesses we mentioned at the start, make sure your staff is aware of this latest threat, and stay on your guard.


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Get an Accountant & LEDGERS accounting software to manage your accounts, bookkeeping, payroll, GST and income tax filing.
File your business tax returns and maintain compliance seamlessly through IndiaFilings.com. Get a Dedicated Accountant and LEDGERS compliance platform for your business
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A sole proprietorship is not taxed differently the business owner has to file the tax of the business-like individual returns. A proprietor has to file the proprietorship tax returns in Nashik as per the prevailing income tax rules. The income tax rates are however dependent on the slab rates that are applicable over his income.
Who is eligible for proprietorship tax return filing in Nashik?
Is it necessary to carry audit while proprietorship tax returns filing in Nashik?
Based on the annual turnover of the proprietorships must be audited. An audit is required for the proprietorship firms in the following three conditions:
If the turnover of the proprietorship firm carrying business is exceeding Rs.1 crore during the given financial year.
In the case of professional auditing is required if the total gross receipts are exceeding Rs.50 lakh.
In case if the proprietorship has opted for a presumptive taxation scheme, irrespective of the turnover an audit should be carried.
The audit of the proprietorship firms needs to be carried out by a certified chartered accountant. The CA has to ensure that all the books of accounts are maintained and complied with.
What is the due date for filing the income tax return for a sole proprietorship firm in Nashik?
Particulars | Due date |
Income tax return filing wherein the audit is required | 31st July |
Income tax return filing where the audit is required | 31st October |
To file income tax returns for Proprietorships in Nashik contact our Compliance team or visit us at www.indiafilings.com
Proprietorships in Nashik must report all the profits and losses on the personal income tax, the sole proprietors are not taxed separately as such.
The proprietorships in Nashik file Form ITR 3 and Form ITR 4 in Nashik.
Before filing the annual returns for proprietorships in Nashik all the accounting of the company should be done. Accounts finalization and preparation of the final accounts of profits and loss is to be done.
The registrar of firms charges a late filing fee in case of delay. A delay will attract a penalty of Rs.5000 or more.
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Karri Thompson
(The Van Winkle Project #3)
Published by: Entangled: Teen
Publication date: June 4th 2018
Genres: Dystopian, Young Adult
The end is near—and I'm fated to save humanity.
I'm feared, yet revered. The presidents are leery of me, but I've read the files. And I know the truth—at least, I think I do. And I'm the one who is going to tell the clones. They deserve to know.
Michael and I have been forced to fight, to kill. We'll do anything to keep our daughters safe and free. But we can't do it alone. There's a rumor about a secret society eager for battle… and we're going to find them. Help them end the government's corruption.
It's my duty, my calling as the first mother of the new world I want to create.
This started with me, and that's where it's going to end.
"What's going on?" Michael asked. I thought it was Michael. No, maybe it was Travel. Everything spun, my head stretching and coming back as if I'd rocketed down an elevator shaft.Hands caught me under my arms. Whose hands? I didn't know. My feet hit the floor, but my knees buckled, and as I was lifted again, I opened my eyes and caught a blur of the room—wood paneling, a pedestal holding a vase of red flowers, and an oriental carpet under my feet.
What was wrong with me? My heartbeat thumped in my ears, the muscles in my legs refused to respond to my mental commands, and my skin hurt as tiny dots of pain erupted from my bones and spread to the surface of my limbs.
"They need to be separated," a male shouted.
They? Who was they?
His words were sharp and desperate, bordering on panic. The grip under my arms shifted to my waist and my upper body. Limp and trembling with each beat of my heart, I fell against the person holding me. It was Michael. I recognized his spicy cologne and the width of his shoulders against mine.
"Michael, don't you see what's happening?" It was Travel. Now I recognized his voice, too, a voice marked with the same cast of anxiety in
"Travel," I tried to say. Or maybe I did say it. Had my lips even moved? A numbing heat whipped up my spine and spread through my shoulders and neck. My chin dropped to my chest, and the fuzzy red, white, and green colors I'd seen were replaced with the grey blur of my prison uniform.
"Take her away—now!" Michael shouted, his words seeping deep into my ear where the sounds writhed and burned, the sensation spreading to my forehead.
With each exhale, my hot breath pooled against my chest, stoking my lightheadedness.
"Get her out of here," Michael said again. "Hurry!"
Her? Who? Me? VW2? Where was my daughter? Michael's arms were empty, and my own still hung loosely at my sides and hit dumbly against my body when he shifted me closer to him.
"That's his niece. You just can't…" Whose voice was that? It was a presidential voice with its commanding yet concerned tone. It had to be Dabner. I wasn't his niece. I wasn't anybody's niece in this century. Who was he talking about?
Author Bio:
Growing up in San Diego, California, Karri Thompson spent much of her years at the beach, reading novels, tanning, and listening to music. At SDSU, she earned a BA in English, MA in education, and her teaching credential. As a wife, mother, and high-school English teacher, she began writing novels, giving all of the compelling plots and unique characters in her head a home. Victorian literature rocks her socks, and when she's not writing, jogging, going to concerts, or watching her son play football, she's reading Dickens.


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If a superannuation fund incurs tax losses, it may need to keep records longer than five years from the date when the losses were incurred.
Generally, tax losses incurred in an income year can be carried forward indefinitely until they are applied by recoupment. When applied, the loss amount is a figure that is included in the calculation of the superannuation fund's taxable income in that year.
It is in the superannuation fund's interest to keep records substantiating this year's losses until the amendment period for the assessment in which the losses are applied has lapsed (in most cases up to four years from the date of that assessment); see TD 2007/2.


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Communiqués de presse
New Cancer Treatment Device goes into Service Today
Experts welcome latest advance as promising development for UK patients
A treatment system called the Novalis Tx™ has gone into service today, which has the ability to destroy cancerous cells virtually anywhere in the body in a single, 20-minute session, without the need for a single cut of the scalpel.
The Novalis Tx, installed in The Christie at Salford Royal, a brand new radiotherapy centre in the North West, treats cancer using a specialised technique called radiosurgery which is especially beneficial for tumours of the brain and spine previously thought untreatable by surgeons.
Using powerful, highly accurate beams of radiation shaped to fit the precise shape of even the most complex tumours, the system is able to treat painlessly without the need for invasive surgery and with fewer side effects. The short treatment times of the system benefit both doctor and patient; and mean more patients can be treated on the system in one day. Patients are often able to attend clinic just as an outpatient, returning to life the same day. Frameless radiosurgery provides a patient-friendly alternative to techniques that require immobilisation with an invasive head ring that is affixed to the skull1.
Rachel Good, Christie radiotherapy manager for the new centre, says: "The Novalis TxTM was the perfect choice for the centre because it will help The Christie treat more patients by switching between specialised radiosurgery for tumours in the brain to standard radiotherapy for other cancers of the body. In our first year we are looking to treat 720 patients with the Novalis Tx, 120 of which will be priority brain tumour patients where precise, non-invasive treatment is particularly effective."
News will be welcomed by the 300,000 people in the UK diagnosed with cancer each year . Of these 50,000 people are estimated to develop either primary or secondary brain tumours , where traditional treatment is difficult to provide. Malignant primary brain tumours take more years off the average person's life than any other cancer and are the most significant cause of cancer death amongst men under 45 years and women under 353.
Ms Tina Karabatsou, Consultant Neurosurgeon at the Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, says: "One of the fantastic advantages of the new Novalis Tx treatment is we will be able to treat brain conditions we were previously unable to treat; such as tumours really deep in the brain where open surgery is too dangerous. Equally important is the non-invasive nature of treatment, which means treatment sessions can be performed as an outpatient day-case and with significantly less side effects."
The launch of the high-quality treatment coincides with new guidelines released by the NHS National Cancer Action Team which state that radiosurgery should be made available to all suitable cancer patients in England. By the end of 2011 three sites will be treating with the Novalis Tx developed by Varian Medical Systems and Brainlab in England and Scotland, improving access to advanced cancer care to patients across the UK.
Helen Bulbeck, Director of patient charity Brainstrust, comments: "The launch of the Novalis Tx system is a huge stride towards modernising cancer care in the UK to levels seen in Europe and the US. This is a great achievement for brain tumour treatment and one that we hope to see the NHS continue to build on in the years to come."
About Brainlab
Brainlab develops, manufactures and markets software-driven medical technology that supports targeted, less-invasive treatment. Core products are image-guided systems and software that provide
real-time information used for surgical navigation and radiosurgical planning and delivery.
Brainlab technology drives collaboration between hospitals and clinicians from a wide variety of subspecialties—from neurosurgery and oncology to orthopedics, ENT, CMF and spine and trauma. This integration delivers better access to improved and more efficient treatment.
Founded in 1989, the privately held Brainlab group has more than 5,000 systems installed in over 80 countries. Based in Munich, Germany, Brainlab employs 970 people in 16 offices worldwide.
To learn more, visit www.brainlab.com.
About Varian Medical Systems
Varian Medical Systems, Inc., of Palo Alto, California, is the world's leading manufacturer of medical devices and software for treating cancer and other medical conditions with radiotherapy, radiosurgery, proton therapy, and brachytherapy. The company supplies informatics software for managing comprehensive cancer clinics, radiotherapy centres and medical oncology practices. Varian is a premier supplier of tubes and digital detectors for X-ray imaging in medical, scientific, and industrial applications and also supplies X-ray imaging products for cargo screening and industrial inspection. Varian Medical Systems employs approximately 5,100 people who are located at manufacturing sites in North America, China, and Europe and in its 79 sales and support offices around the world. For more information, visit www.varian.com.
About The Christie Foundation Trust
The Christie is one of the leading cancer centres in Europe treating about 40,000 patients every year and an international leader in research.
The new £18 million radiotherapy centre in Salford is part of a unique network of Christie radiotherapy centres to bring treatment closer to people's homes. As well as being equipped to deliver stereotactic radiosurgery, a highly specialised neurosurgical technique for brain conditions, the centre will be treating 60 patients a day from the local area for the most common cancers like breast, bowel and lung.
About Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust
Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust is recognised as one of the best Trust's in the NHS and aims to provide safe, clean and personal care to all patients. Salford Royal is large teaching Trust providing a range of medical, surgical, maternity and emergency services to the people of Salford. The Trust also offers specialist care to people from all over the UK who require expert tertiary help with, for example, neuroscience and kidney conditions. On 1 April 2011, Salford Royal integrated with Salford Community Health; the Trust now provides a range of community and primary care services. Our core purpose is to provide clinical, academic and service excellence ensuring the patient experience is at the forefront of care.
Press enquiries: Rob Jones
Contact: 01903 821550 / 07768 637786
Issued by: Pegasus Public Relations
1 Some doctors may opt for a minimally invasive head frame depending on the specific treatment and patient.
2 Cancer Research UK. Cancer incidence – UK statistics. 2007.
http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/incidence/ (Last accessed 18 Jul 2011)
3 A report on inequality of funding and profile of brain tumours, Brain Tumour Research, July 2009


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Ancestry of Pink Disease (Infantile Acrodynia) Identified as a Risk Factor for Autism Spectrum Disorders
Source – http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15287394.2011.590097?journalCode=uteh20
Pink disease (infantile acrodynia) was especially prevalent in the first half of the 20th century. Primarily attributed to exposure to mercury (Hg) commonly found in teething powders, the condition was developed by approximately 1 in 500 exposed children. The differential risk factor was identified as an idiosyncratic sensitivity to Hg. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have also been postulated to be produced by Hg. Analogous to the pink disease experience, Hg exposure is widespread yet only a fraction of exposed children develop an ASD, suggesting sensitivity to Hg may also be present in children with an ASD. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that individuals with a known hypersensitivity to Hg (pink disease survivors) may be more likely to have descendants with an ASD. Five hundred and twenty-two participants who had previously been diagnosed with pink disease completed a survey on the health outcomes of their descendants. The prevalence rates of ASD and a variety of other clinical conditions diagnosed in childhood (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, epilepsy, Fragile X syndrome, and Down syndrome) were compared to well-established general population prevalence rates. The results showed the prevalence rate of ASD among the grandchildren of pink disease survivors (1 in 25) to be significantly higher than the comparable general population prevalence rate (1 in 160). The results support the hypothesis that Hg sensitivity may be a heritable/genetic risk factor for ASD.
PR Release from Source
You can read here: http://www.swinburne.edu.au/chancellery/mediacentre/media-centre/news/2011/08/australian-research-finds-autism-risk-
Essentially what they are saying is that they found 522 people that were diagnosed with "Pink Desease" or mercury poisoning a long time ago and then checked out their grandchildren.
What they found was that 1 in 25 of those children were on the Autism Spectrum… which is a mighty big leap from the 1 in 160 children currently estimated in Australia.
The idea is that those 522 people must have had a greater weakness to mercury to be poisoned by it when other children were not… which, genetically, could mean that their children and even grandchildren would also have a greater weakness to it.
Thus, being exposed to it in seafood, dental fillings or preservatives in some vaccines may trigger a response in those children, including Autism.
My Opinion
This is simply my opinion of the story, stop reading if you do not want opinions and are happy just having read the details of the original study itself.
1. Aside from mercury poisoning symptoms having nothing in common with Autism symptoms, one would have to wonder how many, if any, of those 522 grandparents are Autistic.
2. The study makes no mention of verifying any of the original 522 people's claims of having mercury poisoning. Being so long ago, it's entirely possible they were misdiagnosed or not diagnosed at all. There was also no mention of verifying the grandchild's Autism diagnoses either.
3. The rates, while still higher, resemble the rates found in the Korea total population study. A comparison of a control group vs comparing numbers of children being diagnosed on a regular basis is likely to be radically different for multiple reasons, including parents not recognizing the signs in their children, inappropriate facilities/services and so on.
4. If true, this would indicate that Autism is still largely genetic and is triggered by a toxin, such as mercury. Meaning that Autism could simply be onset since birth or "awoken" by introduction of some outside toxin, such as mercury.
I've long held the belief that Autism is not a "one cause, one cure, one story" disorder… that the reason it eludes scientists so much is that there is no one answer.
Do I believe that this study is the answer to it all? No. But it could lead to further answers. It certainly has a better chance than some other recent stories, like this one.
I have my doubts about this one as a lot of wholes were left open in terms of verifying data, it's collection methods and what the numbers really mean.
But that doesn't mean that there isn't some real validity to it's findings.
As I find more information, more insights, I'll continue to update this article.
"Autism Study of the Month"
The purpose of the Autism Study of the Month series is to provide unpolluted (by the media) information about the studies released at least once a month in the study of possible Autism causes or risks.
You will find links to the actual studies, get to read the "abstract" of the study and, when possible, get the PR release from the source.
When it comes to science, let's leave the media out of it.


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The weekly – SHOW AND TELL is now on the Adafruit Industries Google+ page! We will be asking all the folks in the +Limor Fried (ladyada) show-and-tell circle to re-add themselves to the +Adafruit show-and-tell circle shortly. We're moving the show-and-tell to the +Adafruit page so more of our staff can run the show-and-tells. For example, we'll have a wearable electronics / FLORA themed one with Becky and a 3D printing themed one with Matt.
Please post a comment on the Adafruit page to be added! Make sure you add Adafruit to your circles first!


text:
21 The angel of the Lord went up from Gilgal to Bokim and said, "I brought you up out of Egypt and led you into the land I swore to give to your ancestors. I said, 'I will never break my covenant with you, 2 and you shall not make a covenant with the people of this land, but you shall break down their altars.' Yet you have disobeyed me. Why have you done this? 3 And I have also said, 'I will not drive them out before you; they will become traps for you, and their gods will become snares to you.' " 4 When the angel of the Lord had spoken these things to all the Israelites, the people wept aloud, 5 and they called that place Bokim.[1] There they offered sacrifices to the Lord.
6 After Joshua had dismissed the Israelites, they went to take possession of the land, each to their own inheritance. 7 The people served the Lord throughout the lifetime of Joshua and of the elders who outlived him and who had seen all the great things the Lord had done for Israel. 8 Joshua son of Nun, the servant of the Lord, died at the age of a hundred and ten. 9 And they buried him in the land of his inheritance, at Timnath Heres[2] in the hill country of Ephraim, north of Mount Gaash. 10 After that whole generation had been gathered to their ancestors, another generation grew up who knew neither the Lord nor what he had done for Israel.
11 Then the Israelites did evil in the eyes of the Lord and served the Baals. 12 They forsook the Lord, the God of their ancestors, who had brought them out of Egypt. They followed and worshiped various gods of the peoples around them. They aroused the Lord's anger 13 because they forsook him and served Baal and the Ashtoreths. 14 In his anger against Israel the Lord gave them into the hands of raiders who plundered them. He sold them into the hands of their enemies all around, whom they were no longer able to resist. 15 Whenever Israel went out to fight, the hand of the Lord was against them to defeat them, just as he had sworn to them. They were in great distress. 16 Then the Lord raised up judges,[3] who saved them out of the hands of these raiders. 17 Yet they would not listen to their judges but prostituted themselves to other gods and worshiped them. They quickly turned from the ways of their ancestors, who had been obedient to the Lord's commands. 18 Whenever the Lord raised up a judge for them, he was with the judge and saved them out of the hands of their enemies as long as the judge lived; for the Lord relented because of their groaning under those who oppressed and afflicted them. 19 But when the judge died, the people returned to ways even more corrupt than those of their ancestors, following other gods and serving and worshiping them. They refused to give up their evil practices and stubborn ways. 20 Therefore the Lord was very angry with Israel and said, "Because this nation has violated the covenant I ordained for their ancestors and has not listened to me, 21 I will no longer drive out before them any of the nations Joshua left when he died. 22 I will use them to test Israel and see whether they will keep the way of the Lord and walk in it as their ancestors did." 23 The Lord had allowed those nations to remain; he did not drive them out at once by giving them into the hands of Joshua.


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A man is facing charges for allegedly stealing more than $1,200 worth of Girl Scout cookies.
Police in Rochester, Minnesota say a grocery store's alarm called them Saturday night. When they arrived, they found Joel Whittaker trying to drive off with 23 boxes of cookies stuffed in the backseat and trunk of the car.
Whittaker told officers he was dumpster diving when he found pallets of cookies sitting in an unlocked loading dock.
Investigators believe Whittaker drove up to the unlocked area and began filling his car with as many boxes as would fit and leaving some on the floor.
Although the cookies are packed on the pallets according to flavor, police say Whittaker had taken a mix of flavors.
Police found stolen license plates, bolt cutters, drugs and drug paraphernalia in Whittaker's car.
He was charged with felony counts of burglary and theft.
Twenty-five boxes of cookies that were removed from the pallets and not opened were turned over to police, and then donated to a Salvation Army Day Center in the area, according to WCCO.


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If everybody had an ocean... oh those tan lines and sand in your hair days were the best. This refreshing oceanic mist combined with sand jasmine and mandarin will have you yearning for those Surfing U.S.A days.
Candles are hand poured and crafted in small batches.
Each candle is completely hand crafted using only the highest quality ingredients. Pure fragrance oils, cotton braided wicks and 100% pure soy wax.
-Clean burning premium soy wax candle
-Infused with premium Paraben & Phthalate free fragrances
-Braided lead and zinc free Eco-Wick
Burning Instructions:
Trim wick to 1/4 inch before lighting. Keep candle free of any foreign materials including matches and wick trimmings. Only burn candle on a level, fire resistant surface. Do not burn candle for more than 4 hours at at time.
Burn Responsibly.


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Steve Heald Insurance Agency understands the complexities of the trucking industry and the importance of having a comprehensive liability insurance policy. In Placer County, El Dorado County, South Lake Tahoe, Northern CA., we help you protect your business from the unforeseen.
Trucking liability insurance covers you if your truck causes bodily injury or damage to other people's property. For further details, feel free to reach out to us at 916-773-4300.
Operating without trucking liability insurance not only exposes your business to significant risks but it's also against the law. Our experienced advisors at 916-773-4300 can help you understand the importance of this coverage.
We at Steve Heald Insurance Agency are here to guide you towards the best trucking liability insurance to meet your business's needs. Contact us today at 916-773-4300.
Being aware of common claims can help you better prepare for potential risks:
Our team at Steve Heald Insurance Agency can explain these risks and how the right insurance can provide you protection. Call us today at 916-773-4300.
Steve Heald Insurance Agency provides personalized trucking liability insurance solutions, keeping the needs of trucking businesses in mind. No matter the size of your fleet, we have plans that suit your specific needs and budget. Dial 916-773-4300 to discuss your options!
Invest in a robust trucking liability insurance policy to protect your business. Allow us to help you continue serving the Placer County, El Dorado County, South Lake Tahoe, Northern CA. community with peace of mind. To get started, fill out our online quote request form or connect directly with us at 916-773-4300.