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Geodesic Dome for Child Education Center 1200m2
- Category: Investment Opportunities, Investment Opportunities
The Center for Young Children provides quality early childhood education for children
The Early Education Center offers educational opportunities for young children to explore and learn about themselves and their environment. Children will be able to participate in activities designed to promote their emotional, social and physical growth.
We believe that every child is entitled to experiences and education appropriate to her/his individual needs. Therefore, we are continually striving to provide the environment and activities in which facilitate optimal growth and development of the whole child.
We supply planning services, we prepare technical and work plans, we calculate loads. Planning of constructions that are dome-shaped or spherical or partly that form – roofs, public or commercial use buildings, residential buildings, minor architecture. Design of prefabricated and stationary stages.
- Design of hangars and pavilions – PVC sheet, shaped metal sheets and multi-layer plates.
- Design of ventilated facades – aluminium composite cassette and riveted façade systems.
- Design of glass facades – tempered glass, double glazing. Planning of steel air-gap structures and their elements – columns, girders, beams, construction of non-standard forms.
- Design of PVC sheet products.
- Design of wood constructions – glued and one-piece beams and spatial elements.
- Design of monolithic reinforced concrete constructions and associated elements: beams, columns, overlays.
- Design of special purpose structures: steel and reinforced concrete reservoirs, steel towers and masts.
- Steel, reinforced concrete and brick construction strengthening solutions.
We ship resort structures around the world for all kinds of purposes. No matter where your resort or camp is located – whether on water, rocks, desert, sand, grassy plains, tropical beach, ice field or dense rainforest – we will ensure that it is designed, built and built to be environmentally and economically sustainable, secure and durable.
The GEODOMAS Team will gladly answer any questions you might have and offer their creativity and experience to come up with the best solution for your project. Do not hestitate. Get in touch!


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Earlier today here on the Prospect, Matt Duss made the argument for viewing political Islam rationally, pointing out that, despite what we're told, Islamism does not equal our enemy:
Given the amount of right-wing energy being spent scaring Americans about extremist Muslims under their beds and "creeping Sharia" phantoms in their closets, such a shift in posture toward engaging with Islamists is far easier talked about than implemented. But this is a policy fight that the administration must take on. Casting "Islamism" writ large as inherently violent and irretrievably hostile to democracy is not only incorrect; it's also strategically short-sighted.
Matt's specifically endorsing reaching out to the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt; however, it's unlikely that they'll take our hand unless we unclench our fist. And few of our leftover War On Terror domestic policies are as explicitly anti-Muslim as the National Security Entry-Exit Registration System — NSEERS, or Special Registration, now entering its ninth year on the books.
Established a year after 9/11, NSEERS required non-citizen males over the age of 16 from Muslim-majority nations, including Egypt and Tunisia, to register at INS offices. As an anti-terrorism measure, it was laughably similar to the old gag of mailing outstanding warrants a notice that they'd won a new speedboat, to be redeemed at the police station (except without even the speedboat!). Numbers are hard to come by on how many terrorist plots were voluntarily foiled.
NSEERS' less explicit goal, however, was achieved in spades; undocumented immigrants went in hoping for a path to citizenship, and they didn't come out. Combined factors of misinformation, language-access issues, and simple civic responsibility meant that 14,000 of the 83,000 men who complied with the law were arrested, held in ICE detention centers, and eventually deported. The effect on immigrant communities of color in New York City was deleterious; community organizations like DRUM scrambled to provide support for the thousands of families facing the emotional and financial loss of a father, son, or husband.
Like Arizona's infamous Latino-targeting SB 1070, NSEERS is less a law than a reason to make arrests. And while NSEERS lost most of its teeth when it was replaced with the marginally better US-VISIT, it's still a target for South Asian, Arab, and Sikh groups, along with the incarceration-focused immigration policies it represents. As DRUM's executive director Monami Maulik, an outspoken proponent of alliances across communities, told me in an interview this past fall, "Law enforcement in our neighborhoods knows that immigration is how they get us. … We're not special in this. South Asians are just the newest population in the U.S. to face what poor people of color have faced historically."
With multiracial anti-SB 1070 and pro-DREAM Act sentiment still simmering, and with events in Egypt and elsewhere still very much involving Muslims, a high-profile call to repeal NSEERS seems like an easy get for organizers and U.S. presidents alike. And while Obama's never been a fan of looking back, Adam points out that he's less afraid of being seen as soft on Islam. Repeal of NSEERS isn't immigration reform by a long shot, but it's a feasible, convenient step.
-- Channing Kennedy

subset: commoncrawl


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Most people think of heart rate or blood pressure when they think of vital signs. It is common to use numbers to quantify health and risk of disease. The American Heart Association encourages people to "know their numbers" referring to blood pressure, blood cholesterol, blood glucose, and weight. However, research is now showing the importance of moving properly for health.
Let's take a look at some of the numbers you can use to quantify your movement health:
Walking Speed
Walking speed has been called the "sixth vital sign" in medical literature recently. It is easy to measure, and takes into account strength, balance, coordination, confidence, cardiovascular fitness, tolerance to activity, and a whole host of other factors. It has also been shown to be predictive of future hospitalizations, functional decline, and overall mortality. Normal walking speed is considered to be 1.2 to 1.4 meters per second.
Push Ups
Push ups are popular to build strength, but a recent study found that they can show us a lot about your heart too. Researchers found that men who could do 40 or more consecutive push ups were at a 96% lower risk for cardiovascular disease than were men who could do less than 10. The push up test was also more useful in predicting future cardiovascular disease than aerobic capacity measured on a treadmill.
Grip Strength
Hand grip strength has been shown to be strongly correlated with health. The stronger your hand grip is, the less likely you are to suffer from cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, COPD, and all types of cancer. In the study, muscle weakness was defined as grip strength <26 kg for men and <16 kg for women. Grip strength below these numbers was highly correlated with an increase in disease.
Standing From the Floor
If you can't easily get down on the floor and back up your health might be in trouble, according to a study that looked at more than 2,000 people. The study asked people to go from standing to sitting on the floor and back up with as little support as needed. They found that if you need to use more than one hand to get up and down from the floor that you were 2 to 5 times more likely to die in the next 7 years than someone who can do it with just one hand, or even better, no hands at all.
Moving well is obviously important to overall health and longer life. These tests can give a snapshot of how you're doing. If you're having trouble with any of them, considering seeing a movement specialist - your physical therapist.


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Singing actors – Vol. 2
I am feeling a little guilty: among the many nice comments I"ve received over the past week was one expressing regret that I don"t update this blog more frequently. I think the average rate is a new post every 3-4 days; but just this past week I have been unusually busy at work trying to squeeze into one week what I normally do in three or four (and next week looks no better). So, after a little of what Germans would call Funkstille, here"s the second volume of singing actors.
Tim Curry – I Do The Rock
Tim Curry was the first non-footballing famous person I had ever met when in 1985 he patronised a restaurant I was working in on Fulham Road in Chelsea, London. Somebody alerted the owner, an overweight 80-year-old Australian queen whom we nicknamed Mr Magoo on account of his obliviousness to everything. So Mr Magoo waddled over to Mr Curry"s table, stared at him for a bit while visible rolling his tongue, and then observed: "So, you are famous, eh." Mr Curry with much grace acknowledged that he indeed had a certain celebrity status. Mr Magoo then turned on his heels and walked away. After that, I was too embarrassed to tell Mr Curry that "I Do The Rock" was a favourite song of mine when I was 13. Which I probably wouldn't have done anyway.
Lee Marvin – Wandrin' Star
Clint Eastwood – I Talk To The Trees
Both songs come from the same Western-Musical, 1969″s Paint Your Wagon. The movie was an adaptation from the 1950s musical by Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe, who probably did not have Lee Marvin in mind when they wrote the songs. Marvin"s deep growl, now iconic, served to make Wandrin" Star a massive hit. I suspect that if you played the single on LP speed, Wandrin" Star would sound positively satanic.
Knowing Clint Eastwood and his superglued teeth (he always speaks through clenched jaws, doesn't he? Has anyone ever seen his tongue?), one might expect his showpiece to be as rough as Lee Marvin's. Clint, however, was quite a decent singer with a light touch. Indeed, when he was a cowboy in the TV series Rawhide, he cashed in on his celebrity by releasing an album of country songs. Eastwood turned 78 yesterday, incidentally.
Lorne Greene "" Ringo
Just as Clint took inspiration from his Western TV show, so did Lorne Greene from his. Greene, of course, presided over the Ponderosa as the Dad in Bonanza (in real life, Greene was just 13 years older than Hoss and Adam). Some songs, like Ringo (not an ode to the drummer), were cowboy stuff, but Greene also tried his hands at the standards (his take on As Time Goes By was an alternate contender for this slot). Apparently it was Lorne Greene who, as an announcer on Canadian state radio, announced to his compatriots that their country had just entered World War II, earning him the nickname "The Voice of Doom".
Yves Montand – Les Feuilles Mortes
Is Yves Montand known better as an actor or as a singer? Perhaps how one regards Montand"s primary field of artistry depends on how much classic French cinema one watches. Certainly, Montand was a singer first, during his affair with Edith Piaf. Les Feuilles Mortes is the original of the standard known in the anglophone world as Autumn Leaves. Originally it was a poem by Jacques Prévert, the Parisian pal of Sartre and de Beauvoir. The composer Joseph Kosma later added the intricate melody. It was used in Yves Montand"s debut movie, though he didn"t sing it. Montand nevertheless would include it in his repertoire, and it became his most popular song — and, indeed, his song. Listen to this version to hear all that which was excised by those who turned the song into Autumn Leaves.
Telly Savalas "" If
There is a series of albums that came out in the '80s and '90s called Golden Throats. Kojak features on one of them with a version of Johnny Cash"s I Walk The Line. The same album kicks off with Leonard Nimoy"s version, as if to set up a duel of horribleness. Nimoy does not stand a chance as Savalas rapes and pillages the song. He obviously didn"t love it, baby. Much better then to include Telly"s chart-topping cover version of the Bread hit, in which (unlike I Walk The Line) he actually speaks. I must confess that here I prefer Savalas" take over the original.
Rick Moranis & Ellen Greene – Suddenly, Seymour
It may be cheating to include in this series a performance from a movie, but a few call for inclusion. Rick Moranis "" whatever happened to him anyway? "" shows in this showstopper from the criminally underrated Little Shop Of Horrors (1986) that he is a pretty good singer. Ellen Greene starts off singing in her breathy, lispy Audrey voice before hitting the big notes like the star of stage she is. Attentive TV viewers will know that Greene now appears on TV, in the rather sweet series Pushing Daisies.
Mandy Patinkin – Me And My Shadow
Another star better known for his work on the boards than on celluloid. This song combines two of my favourite moments in popular culture: the song which in its version by Frank Sinatra and Sammy Davis Jr features in my list of great cheer-up music, and Mandy Patinkin"s turn in The Princess Bride (in which he looks like he modelled himself on Arpad the gypsy from the popular 1970s TV series on German TV) in which he uttered the immortal line: "My name is Inigo Montoya. You killed my father; prepare to die" before he kills the six-fingered Count Rugen.
Christopher Walker & John Travolta – (You're) Timeless To Me
While we know that the smug Scientologist has dabbled in singing (who can forget that weird note he strikes at the end of Summer Nights), but one does not immediately associate the stock villain Christopher Walken with exploits of the larynx. Yet here he is in this showstopper from Hairspray. What is not widely known is that Walken was a child star who appeared on 1950s US television variety shows. He is also a very good dancer, as he has occasionally proved in films (and on that astonishing Fat Boy Slim video). That knowledge rather diminishes the menace he can so convincingly convey when cast as the bad guy.
Betty Hutton – Blow A Fuse (It's Oh So Quiet)
Hands up those who thought Bjork"s It"s Oh So Quiet was an original composition. It was in fact first recorded under the title Blow A Fuse by Betty Hutton in 1948. Hutton, who died a year or so ago, had a crazy singing style anyway (listen to her as Annie Oakley proclaiming that you can"t get a man with a gun, which are indeed wise words). Bjork did not inject much cookiness into her version which Hutton hadn"t already displayed in the original.
Danny Aiello & Bruce Willis – Side By Side
A few years ago, Aiello released an album of Big Band type standards. On evidence of this song from the megaflop movie Hudson Hawk, it probably was quite good. Our man, a very fine actor, can sing. Unfortunately, Bruce Willis can neither act nor sing, but has persuaded himself that he"s a deft hand in both disciplines "" and the stupid record buyers of the 1980s even handed him a couple of hits which now presumably are used on Gitmo as a means of aural torture. While Aiello is sure footed in this swing number, Willis approaches it as a karaoke singer who has consumed an excess of Rat Pack recordings. Aiello may be no Frank Sinatra, but Willis is not even a Robbie Williams.
George Burns – Fixing A Hole
I had hoped to locate Burns" fabled version of With A Little Help From My Friends (which features on a Golden Throats album I don"t have). Instead, here the old coot is doing injury to another song from Sgt Pepper"s, from the ill-advised movie by that name featuring the Bee Gees and Peter Frampton. Having heard the assault on the Beatles conducted by the cast of Across The Universe (and contributors like bloody Bono; singing, obviously, I Am The Walrus), it must be regarded as axiomatic that nobody should ever cover Beatles songs unless they are as talented as the Fab Four. On the Sgt Pepper"s soundtrack, there is the glorious exception of Earth, Wind & Fire"s cover of Got To Get You Into My Life, which eclipses the original (a bit like Stevie Wonder"s We Can Work It Out is better than the Beatles" version). George Burns, on the other hand, proves that even with 100 years of showbiz experience, you can still fuck it up big-time.
Mae West – Twist And Shout
Like Burns, so did Mae West try her hands at covering the Beatles and other rock stars in old age. On her superbly titled but awfully conceived Way Out West album, Mae has lots of fun. She changes lyrics when she can"t be bothered to remember them, she misses the right pitch in a bid do outdo the legendary Mrs Miller. West"s version of Twist And Shout is"¦remarkable (I was going to post her take on Light My Fire, but then decided to include a real jawdropper). At first the actress, then a sprightly 73, warbles the tune in a brave bid to hit the higher notes. At one point you can almost hear her groovin" to the beat. Still, she doesn"t attempt the ah-aaah-aaah-aaaah part, instead simulating what appears to be an orgasm. Which may be appealing if you"re a gerontophile. Come up and see me some time? Only if you don"t sing, ducky.
Steve Martin – King Tut
I thought of including Martin"s star turn in Little Shop Of Horrors as the dentist, but that works better if one watches his kerrazy moves as the dementedly sadist mama"s boy. Besides, that fine film already has featured here. So instead, here"s the man"s kerrazy song from his 1978 comedy album A Wild And Crazy Guy (or, indeed, kerrazy guy). King Tut could have won a Grammy, apparently. At what point did Steve Martin take the turn down the Robin Williams Avenue of Sentimentality? I think it was when he played the fireman with the long nose in the American adaptation of Cyrano de Bergerac, which was quite good, but made Martin realise his soppy side.
Pam Grier – Long Time Woman
Back to the serious stuff. Pam Grier made something of a comeback as a headliner when she appeared as the eponymous Jackie Brown in Tarantino"s 1997 movie. In the 70s she was the queen of blaxploitation movies, most notably as Foxy Brown and Coffy. Lately she has appeared on TV in The L-Word. Long Time Woman featured in 1971″s The Doll House, in which Grier played a prisoner. As in all her films, she was out for revenge, like a prettier and certainly sexier version of Charles Bronson. "My name is Coffy, you killed my husband; prepare to die."
Nicolas Cage – Love Me Tender
Nicolas Cage has two things going for himself: his career has been a zillion times more successful than his modest talent should have allowed for, and as a huge Elvis fan, he acquired the ultimate Presley memorabilia when he married Lisa-Marie (you won"t believe this, but the marriage didn"t last). Before getting close and sweaty with 50% pure Elvis genes, Nic had to do with just crooning his idol"s hits. He did so with Love Me Tender in Wild At Heart, a rare thing in that it is a movie starring Nicolas Cage which can be described as both quite good and not destroyed by its lead actor"s one-dimensional mediocrity. Unlike his rendition of Love Me Tender.
30 Odd Foot Of Grunt (ft Russell Crowe) – What You Want Me To Forget
Russell Crowe, eh? Better actor than Nicolas Cage and sings his own material. Which does not mean you actually want to see his movies (they tend to be cheerless affairs) or listen to his music. Crowe certainly channels Michael Hutchence, yet the title of this song just teases you to offer the most obvious response.
Robert Downey Jr. – Your Move
The man could have been Cary Grant reincarnated as Johnny Depp. Charm, cool, style, a prodigious talent. And he fucked it all up. He got himself fired from Ally McBeal, for crying out loud, a show which required its actors to teeter on the verge of insanity to make it possible for them to act out those stupid storylines. Remember The Biscuit? Most annoying TV character ever. But now Downey is back, a hot cult property, the man who survived heroin hell and incarceration with coolness intact et cetera. Give it a couple of years, and Oscar presenters will point to Downey, flanked by Clooney and Nicholson, trading in hilarious one-liner as our hero gurns, wiggles his sunglasses and gives a saluting wave. This song comes from Bob Junior"s 2004 album, The Futurist. On evidence of this song, it is almost sad to observe that the album must have been an unremarkable middle of the road affair, proving that Downey is no Crispin Glover.
Minnie Driver – Hungry Heart
Minnie Driver"s version of Hungry Heart is her 2004 album"s most memorable song. But only because we already knew it. And because Minnie Driver forgot to change the reference to having "a wife and kid in Baltimore, Jack". So bereft of energy is Minnie Driver"s rendition, by that point Jack had already drifted off.
Catherine Deneuve – Overseas Telegram
I got this from Jack S, and to him you"ll owe this very fine Serge Gainsbourg song (if you download this mix, obviously). In Volume 1 I included the Je"taime"¦ sexual intercourse soundtrack number which was originally recorded by Brigitte Bardot, and then covered by Jane Birkin. Guess what: two years after Overseas Telegram appeared on what I think is Deneuve"s only album, it was recorded by"¦Jane Birkin.
Goldie Hawn – I'll Be Your Baby Tonight
A real WTF moment here. In 1972 Goldie Hawn recorded an album of country music, titled simply Goldie (for that"s her name. Not a stage name. Her birth name actually is Goldie Jean Hawn). She got some of the greats working with her: Porter Wagoner, Dolly Parton, Buck Owens, Nick De Caro. And when you are backed by such a class of musicians, and by the Buckaroos, you might fancy the odds of conquering a Bob Dylan track, especially since it is as country a song as Dylan ever wrote. Goldie, looking like Brigitte Bardot on the cover, gets through the first verse fairly unscathed. She starts to struggle with the chorus, then evidently downs a few bottles of cheap bourbon to muster courage (and perhaps do a little method acting to suit the lyrics), and sounds sloshed for the rest of the song. The diction goes, the voice falters and rises, the emotions are in all the wrong places"¦
Rowan Atkinson & Kate Bush – Do Bears
Long before he became insufferable as Mr Bean, Atkinson was one of the funniest men around. For the Comic Relief shows in London in April 1986, Atkinson went into slimeball Vegas star mode, persuasively so with big glasses and barstool. He was joined in his duet by the lovely Kate Bush. On the Comic Relief video it is apparent that Rowan & Kate were miming the song when Atkinson forgets to "sing" the falsetto "sha-la-la-la-la-la..". A raised eyebrow of acknowledgment communicates the hope that nobody noticed. Two decades later, the lapse is still being discussed on blogs. Forgive the clicks and pops on this version: I"ve tried to clean it up as much as I could"¦
Merv Griffin – Tumbling Tumbleweeds
It amazes me that anyone thought it was a good idea to release atonal aural assault. The saxophone riff makes the listener dizzy, the backing vocals make the listener nauseous, and Merv's off-pitch singing will drive the listener to the bottle (at which point the listener might join Goldie Hawn in a rendition of a Bob Dylan medley).
William Shatner – Lucy In The Sky With Diamonds
We began this two-parter with Shatner speaking a song, and we might as well use Capt"n Kirk as a handy bookend. His interpretation of the Beatles track is an all-time novelty classic, though it is doubtful that Shatner intended it as such (his Mr Tambourine Man certainly suggests that he was dead serious in his artistry. Find that and listen to his closing scream for the titular character). But, my, what a wondrous journey Shatner guides us through. The highlights are many, but I particularly like the way he first unaccountably shouts the word "girl" and later moans it. The album this comes from, 1968's The Transformed Man, is often derided as some sort of unlistenable wreck. It is actually quite engaging. On six tracks, Shatner soliloquises dramatically from Shakespeare before launching into pop hits of the day. The combination of technical excellence, pompous artistry and crazy audacity (or audacious craziness, as on Lucy) is impressive.
1. Tim Curry – I Do The Rock
2. Lee Marvin – Wandrin' Star
3. Clint Eastwood – I Talk To The Trees
4. Lorne Greene – Ringo
5. Yves Montand – Les Feuilles Mortes
6. Telly Savalas – If
7. Rick Moranis & Ellen Greene – Suddenly, Seymour
8. Mandy Patinkin – Me And My Shadow
9. Christopher Walker & John Travolta – (You're) Timeless to Me
10. Betty Hutton – Blow A Fuse (It's Oh So Quiet)
11. Danny Aiello & Bruce Willis – Side By Side
12. George Burns – Fixing A Hole
13. Mae West – Twist And Shout
14. Steve Martin – King Tut
15. Pam Grier – Long Time Woman
16. Nicolas Cage – Love Me Tender
17. 30 Odd Foot Of Grunt (ft Russell Crowe) – What You Want Me To Forget
18. Robert Downey Jr. – Your Move
19. Minnie Driver – Hungry Heart
20. Catherine Deneuve – Overseas Telegram
21. Goldie Hawn – I'll Be Your Baby Tonight
22. Rowan Atkinson & Kate Bush – Do Bears…
23. Merv Griffin – Tumbling Tumbleweeds
24. William Shatner – Lucy In The Sky With Diamonds


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Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) G. Fairhurst Request for Comments: 8436 University of Aberdeen Updates: 2474 August 2018 Category: Standards Track ISSN: 2070-1721 Update to IANA Registration Procedures for Pool 3 Values in the Differentiated Services Field Codepoints (DSCP) Registry Abstract The Differentiated Services (Diffserv) architecture specifies use of the DS field in the IPv4 and IPv6 packet headers to carry one of 64 distinct differentiated services field codepoint (DSCP) values. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) maintains a registry of assigned DSCP values. This update to RFC 2474 changes the IANA registration policy for Pool 3 of the registry (i.e., DSCP values of the form xxxx01) to Standards Action, i.e., values are assigned through a Standards Track or Best Current Practice RFC. The update also removes permission for experimental and local use of the codepoints that form Pool 3 of the DSCP registry; Pool 2 Codepoints (i.e., DSCP values of the form xxxx11) remain available for these purposes. Status of This Memo This is an Internet Standards Track document. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8436. Fairhurst Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 8436 IANA Registration Procedures for DSCP Pool 3 August 2018 Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. The Updates to RFC 2474 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 6. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1. Introduction The Differentiated Services (Diffserv) [RFC2475] architecture (updated by [RFC3260]) provides scalable service differentiation in the Internet. Diffserv uses the six most significant bits of the former IPv4 Type of Service (TOS) octet or the former IPv6 Traffic Class octet to convey the field, which is used to carry the DSCP. This DSCP value is used to select a Diffserv per-hop behavior (PHB). The six-bit field is capable of conveying 64 distinct codepoints, and this codepoint space has been divided into three pools for the purpose of codepoint assignment and management (as shown in Figure 1). Pool 1 comprises 32 codepoints [RFC2474]. These are assigned by Standards Action, as defined in [RFC8126]. Pool 2 comprises a pool of 16 codepoints reserved for Experimental or Local Use (EXP/LU) as defined in [RFC2474]. Pool 3 comprises 16 codepoints, which were originally specified as "initially available for experimental or local use, but which should be preferentially utilized for standardized assignments if Pool 1 is ever exhausted" by [RFC2474]. Fairhurst Standards Track [Page 2]
RFC 8436 IANA Registration Procedures for DSCP Pool 3 August 2018 +------+-----------------+ | Pool | Codepoint Space | +------+-----------------+ | 1 | xxxxx0 | +------+-----------------+ | 2 | xxxx11 | +------+-----------------+ | 3 | xxxx01 | +------+-----------------+ Figure 1: Format of the Field for Codepoints Allocated in the Three IANA Pools (Where "x" Refers to Either "0" or "1") At the time of writing this document, 22 of the 32 Pool 1 codepoints have been assigned. Although Pool 1 has not yet been completely exhausted, there is a need to assign codepoints for particular PHBs that are unable to use any of the unassigned values in Pool 1. This document changes the IANA registration policy of Pool 3 to assignment by Standards Action. (Section 4.9 of [RFC8126] defines this as "assigned only through Standards Track or Best Current Practice RFCs in the IETF Stream".) An example is the need to assign a suitable recommended default codepoint for the Lower Effort (LE) PHB [LE-PHB]. The LE PHB is designed to protect best-effort (BE) traffic (packets forwarded with the default PHB) from LE traffic in congestion situations (when resources become scarce, best-effort traffic has precedence over LE traffic and is allowed to preempt it). In deployed networks, bleaching (i.e. intentionally setting to zero) of the IP Precedence field continues to be used. (Setting the IP Precedence field to zero disables any class-based flow management by routers configured with TOS-based packet processing.) This causes the first three bits of the former TOS byte (now the upper part of the DSCP field) to become zero. Therefore, there is a need to avoid this remapping of the DSCP for the LE PHB by assigning a codepoint that already has a zero value in the first three bits [LE-PHB]. Furthermore, if the LE PHB were to have been assigned one of the currently unused Pool 1 codepoints with a zero value in the first three bits, any bleaching of the IP Precedence field would result in other (higher assurance) traffic being also remapped to the assigned DSCP. This remapping could then cause Diffserv-marked traffic to receive an unintentional LE treatment for the remainder of the Internet path. Therefore, it is important to avoid the resulting priority inversion. The absence of unassigned codepoints in Pool 1 that exhibit these important properties motivates assigning a Pool 3 codepoint as the default that is recommended for use with this PHB. Fairhurst Standards Track [Page 3]
RFC 8436 IANA Registration Procedures for DSCP Pool 3 August 2018 To allow the IETF to utilize Pool 3 codepoints, this document requests IANA to manage Pool 3 assignments for DSCP values in Pool 3 via the Standards Action policy [RFC8126]. 2. Terminology This document assumes familiarity with the terminology used in [RFC2475] updated by [RFC3260]. The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. 3. The Updates to RFC 2474 This document updates Section 6 of [RFC2474] in the following ways. It updates the following text concerning the assignment policy: OLD: which are initially available for experimental or local use, but which should be preferentially utilized for standardized assignments if Pool 1 is ever exhausted. NEW: which are utilized for standardized assignments (replacing the previous availability for experimental or local use). It removes the footnote in RFC 2474 relating to Pool 3: DELETE: "(*) may be utilized for future Standards Action allocations as necessary" The new registry assignment policy is shown in Figure 2. Pool Codepoint Space Assignment Policy ---- --------------- ------------------ 1 xxxxx0 Standards Action 2 xxxx11 EXP/LU 3 xxxx01 Standards Action Note for Pool 2: "Reserved for Experimental or Local Use" Figure 2: Updated Assignment Policy for the DSCP Registry Fairhurst Standards Track [Page 4]
RFC 8436 IANA Registration Procedures for DSCP Pool 3 August 2018 4. Security Considerations Security considerations for the use of DSCP values are described in the RFCs that define their usage. This document does not present new security considerations. 5. IANA Considerations IANA has changed the use of Pool 3 in the "Differentiated Services Field Codepoints (DSCP)" registry and will manage this pool using Standards Action, as defined as Section 4.9 of [RFC8126]. IANA has made the following changes to the "Differentiated Services Field Codepoints (DSCP)" registry, made available at [Registry]. IANA has referenced RFC 2474 and Section 4 of RFC 3260 for the overall format of this registry. IANA has referenced RFC 2474 and Section 4 of RFC 3260 for Pool 1. This document does not modify the IANA registry text for Pool 2. This pool continues to preserve the note shown in Figure 2. The previous registry text for Pool 3: 3 xxxx01 Experimental or local use may be utilized for future Standards Action allocations as necessary. is replaced with the following registry text: 3 xxxx01 Standards Action. To manage codepoints in Pool 3, IANA has created and will maintain the "DSCP Pool 3 Codepoints" subregistry. Pool 3 of the registry has been created initially empty, with a format identical to that used for "DSCP Pool 1 Codepoints". IANA has referenced RFC 2474, Section 4 of RFC 3260, and the current document for Pool 3. The registration procedure for use of Pool 3 is Standards Action, as defined as Section 4.9 of [RFC8126]. IANA is expected to normally make assignments from Pool 1, until this Pool is exhausted, but it MAY make assignments from Pool 3 when the format of the codepoint has properties that are needed for a specific PHB. The required characteristics for choosing a requested DSCP value MUST be explained in the IANA Considerations section of the document that requests any assignment from Pool 3. Fairhurst Standards Track [Page 5]
RFC 8436 IANA Registration Procedures for DSCP Pool 3 August 2018 6. References 6.1. Normative References [Registry] IANA, "Differentiated Services Field Codepoints (DSCP)", <https://www.iana.org/assignments/dscp-registry/>. [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>. [RFC2474] Nichols, K., Blake, S., Baker, F., and D. Black, "Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers", RFC 2474, DOI 10.17487/RFC2474, December 1998, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2474>. [RFC3260] Grossman, D., "New Terminology and Clarifications for Diffserv", RFC 3260, DOI 10.17487/RFC3260, April 2002, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3260>. [RFC8126] Cotton, M., Leiba, B., and T. Narten, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 8126, DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8126>. [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>. 6.2. Informative References [LE-PHB] Bless, R., "A Lower Effort Per-Hop Behavior (LE PHB)", Work in Progress, draft-ietf-tsvwg-le-phb-05, July 2018. [RFC2475] Blake, S., Black, D., Carlson, M., Davies, E., Wang, Z., and W. Weiss, "An Architecture for Differentiated Services", RFC 2475, DOI 10.17487/RFC2475, December 1998, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2475>. Acknowledgments Godred Fairhurst received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program 2014-2018 under grant agreement No. 644334 (NEAT). Fairhurst Standards Track [Page 6]
RFC 8436 IANA Registration Procedures for DSCP Pool 3 August 2018
Author's Address
Godred Fairhurst
University of Aberdeen
Department of Engineering
Fraser Noble Building
Aberdeen AB24 3UE
United Kingdom
Email: email@example.com
URI: http://www.erg.abdn.ac.uk/
Fairhurst Standards Track [Page 7]


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Primula Pots Greetings card
Regular price
150 x 150mm Greetings card.
This luxury art card is a beautiful reproductions of one of Abigail's embroidered images from the Chelsea Flower Show, inspired by Victorian Botanical images. This card is printed onto quality board and packed with a co-ordinating envelopes.
The full collection includes designs inspired by the English Countryside, Scottish Highlands and Occasion cards including Campervan, Caravan, Owl, babies and Birthday number cards.


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Glasses Strap
Glasses Strap
Regular price
Dhs. 35.00 AED
Regular price
Sale price
Dhs. 35.00 AED
Unit price
Collapsible content
We have a 30-day return policy, which means you have 30 days after receiving your item to request a return. We will notify you once we've received and inspected your return, and let you know if the refund was approved or not. If approved, you'll be automatically refunded on your original payment method. Please remember it can take some time for your bank or credit card company to process and post the refund too, approximately 3-5 business days.


text:
Browsing By Tag "mangroves"
Elisée Reclus' "Fragment of a Voyage to New Orleans " The following introduction to and translation of Reclus' "Voyage" was published in Mesechabe #11 (Winter 1993), pp. 14-17 and #12 (Spring 1994), pp. 17-22. A revised version, with illustrations and a much expanded introduction is forthcoming as a pamphlet from Glad Day Books. The editors and translators have also completed a collection of Reclus' writings, with extensive commentary on his ideas, entitled Liberty, Equality, Geography: The Social Thought of Elisée Reclus. They are at work on another Reclus collection entitled An Anarchist in the Old South: Elisée Reclus on Slavery and Antebellum Society. This work appears in Anarchy Archives with permission from John C... (From : Anarchy Archives.)


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Suggest editspgAdmin is an open source, multi-platform console for PostgreSQL management and administration.
Looking for pgAdmin documentation? Head over to https://www.pgadmin.org/docs/
pgAdmin is available in desktop or web-based deployment models and is compatible with PostgreSQL or EDB Postgres Advanced Server 9.5 or higher. The intuitive graphical user interface (GUI) provides tools for managing, querying, and analyzing PostgreSQL databases.
Key capabilities include:
- Powerful query tool with color syntax highlighting
- Fast datagrid for display/entry of data
- Graphical query plan display
- Grant Wizard for rapid updates to ACLs
- Procedural language debugger (supporting pl/pgsql and edb-spl)
- Schema diff tool for managing differences between schemas
- Auto-vacuum management
- Monitoring dashboard
- Backup, restore, vacuum and analyze on demand
- SQL/shell/batch job scheduling agent
Could this page be better? Report a problem or suggest an addition!


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Date(s) - 11/11/2020
12:00 pm - 1:00 pm
Cancer Support Group w/ Pierre Zimmerman: Every 2nd & 4th Wednesday of the month
The cancer support group, regardless of the type of cancer one faces, is a safe container to explore common physical, financial, emotional, cognitive, developmental, familial and spiritual issues. Skills of resiliency, empathy, "being seen and understood," are addressed. Inter-connectedness, intimacy, and new attitudes and possibilities are cultivated to face and release feelings of isolation, confusion, anxiety and day-to-day uncertainties in a group of people with similar wishes to improve the quality of their lives.
**CALL Pierre at 413.992.7012 or email PIERRE for details, to register & confirm,
as schedule may be subject to change.


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Hi everyone! I'm so happy and excited to welcome you to the Cardz TV Gallery Designers "Red, White & Blue" Blog Hop! I can't wait for you to see the amazing creations from the fantastic Cardz TV Gallery Designers! Make sure you check out ALL the wonderful projects these Designers have been creating everyday, Monday through Friday, over at the Cardz TV Gallery Blog! If you haven't been checking everyday this year, you've been missing out on some great inspiration!
Here's what I made for today's "Red, White & Blue" Blog Hop. I used Cricut Sweet Treats and Cardz TV Stamps "More Foodie Punnies" & "FAQ'S (frequently asked questions)". Thanks for watching!
What's a blog hop without some blog candy! If you're a follower of Cardz TV, just leave a comment here and on each of the blogs in today's hop, and you'll be entered to win the 3 NEW sets of Cardz TV Stamps!, "Bigger Everyday Sayings", "More Foodie Punnies" and "It's All Good"!
Lots of our Gallery Designers are giving away blog candy too, so don't forget to visit everyone, become a follower, and leave some comment love!
I'll use random.org to pick a winner and announce the winner on Monday, June 1st. So grab your favorite beverage, and join us for lots of fun and inspiration!
Here's the line up for the Cardz TV Gallery Designers "Red, White & Blue" Blog Hop! If you get lost while hoppin', come back here to check the list, and find your way again!
1. Mary ~ http://www.cardztv.blogspot.com/
2. Julie ~ http://www.readysetstamp.com/
4. Anita ~ http://scrappyhappymommy.blogspot.ca/
5. Melissa ~ http://www.melissa-moecreations.blogspot.com/
6. Gloria ~ http://www.girliascards.com/
7. Jeri ~ http://www.bugnme.blogspot.com/
8. Sharon ~ http://www.meemeescreations.blogspot.com/
9. Karen ~ http://www.littlescrappieces.blogspot.com/
10. Janis ~ http://www.pausedreamenjoy.blogspot.com/
11. Cardz TV Gallery Blog ~ http://www.cardztvgallery.blogspot.com/
11. Cardz TV Gallery Blog ~ http://www.cardztvgallery.blogspot.com/
Thanks so much for hoppin' with us today...we hope you had fun and got inspired! I'll see you Monday, June 1st to announce the Blog Candy winner!
Hugs & Blessings,


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Our Community Board is a resource for those in Origins Community to promote opportunities that they lead or are actively involved in. If you're new to the community and are looking for a way to connect with Origins' folks, the events and opportunities below are a great place to start. Submit an Event
Gather with us for a time of prayer and devotion. Each week we take a time to pray together and then study scripture using the SOAP method.
S – Scripture – read a section of scripture and write down a passage that stands out to you.
O – Observation – write an observation about the passage.
A – Application – write a possible life application.
P – Prayer – write a prayer to God about living out that application.
The personal reflection and journaling time takes about 20 min. and then those who would like to can share with the group from their observations.
We try to keep each gathering to one hour to accommodate everyone's schedule.


text: This image shows laser plasmas in a test lab at Los Alamos National Laboratory, N.M., under typical atmospheric pressures on Earth and Mars. A plasma is an ionized, glowing gas. The pressure on the Red Planet is only about one percent of that at sea level on Earth, allowing the plasma to expand more and become brighter. The laser beam, which is invisible, crosses the image from the left and strikes a metal target, creating the plasmas. Each image covers about 3 by 3 inches (75 by 75 millimeters).


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In the eggshell-white beachsand and weathered granite ruins were found corroded Chinese, Roman and Persian coins from 20 centuries past-testimony that tiny Mahabalipuram, South India, was once a vital crossroads seaport. No doubt some deistic sculpture created from Mahabalipuram's tight-grained granite sailed its way to dynastic China. Traders once called the town `Seven Pagodas,' after seven lilliputian temples hewn from solid rock. Today, specialty buyers and tourists from everyland cruise the beaches and flint-smelling shops stuffed with common sculpture and curios. Street urchins try to hustle soapstone knockoffs. Long-dead urchins probably sold cheapies to Roman sailors. But somewhere in back of shops or inside a home's courtyard teenage tyros of sculpture are chinking away at stone, perfecting the art they are studying at college, and earning a few hundred rupees during their weekend or vacation time. They are students at the Government College of Architecture and Sculpture, a wild warren of buildings and shops that look like they were designed by a post-modernist Tagore. The college facade doesn't reflect the ancient architecture taught within. But, this is where the good stuff-the rare, big, skill-kissed sculpture-comes from. And where 220 boys from ages 13 and up polish their minds and hands with iconometry, granite engineering, chisel wielding, figure painting and a hundred other facets of the art, along with academics. And its free for those who make it in, mostly sons of artisan families. The government provides the whole deal, "from pencils and erasers on up," says K.S. Shanmugam, the college principal. He tells us the school offers degrees in temple architecture, temple painting and sculpture-stone, wood, stucco and metal. The 3-year degree course includes music and dance, philosophy, Sanskrit literature, art aesthetics, history of Hindu architecture and arts and temple conservation. Fifteen graduate each year with a B.Sc. degree. They usually join the studio/shops of established stapathis, master architect /sculptors, turning out high quality work on a pricey commission basis.
In 1957 the school began simply as a roughshod workyard that lathed out marvelous pieces while trying to purify and propagate the old technology to a new generation. Vaidyanatha Stapathi, father of V. Ganapathy Stapathi, the internationally acclaimed Hindu temple architect sculpture, was the first head of this school. The elder architect held the post for three years-till 1961-when he was succeeded by his famous son Ganapathy who navigated the institution into its present eminence and size. He remained its head for close to three decades till his retirement in 1988. Ganapathy says, "There is a bright future for this institution. The alumni are doing well with regular jobs, with occasional opportunities for independent designing and executing."
C. Harikrishnan, 25, a graduate says that "Even as students in the diploma classes, boys acquire enough proficiency to design and carve busts. Depending on their ability, these novices earn some Rs.200 for what they can produce in a holiday of 2-3 days."
When asked about the demands for seats in the institution, the school principal K.S. Shanmugam says, "There is tremendous competition for the pre-diploma-the first two-year program." So far the school has not admitted any student from outside India. Tamil is compulsory. There is no bar against foreign students. "But no one has approached us yet," says Shanmugam. Though the majority of apprentices are Hindus, there are several Christians studying. A hostel is under construction and is expected to be ready in two years.
Boopathy Stapathy, 52, is in charge of the Metal Section concerning metal sculpture, which was begun in 1978. He recalls, "They scouted me out and brought me over here. I felt flattered when they told me `If you aren't joining, we are closing the section.'" He had undergone intense training in Swamimalai, a famous center for bronze icon production.
S.K. Sivakumar, 28, a diploma holder from the school, is the son of a diamond cutter. He works in the thriving workshop of Nagaraja Stapathy in Madras. In a fascinating process he is molding a meru (mountain-like structure) made of a blend of five metals into shape. Sivakumar says he averages about US$100 a month. When a good project rolls in, he can bring home US$300 for one month. But other months can be lean.When asked if a student from an artisan family is likely to out perform one from a family with no architectural or sculpting background, he quickly noted his colleague, 35-year-old Krishnan Palani, who is a son of a farmer. "He is a crack embosser and engraver of metals," says Boopathy. Palani says, "I haven't had any formal qualification. Began at 13 as a hack helping a stone mason engaged in building the temple tower at Tiruvanmiyur."
Are girls frowned upon with hammer and chisel in their hands? Sivakumar observes, "It isn't so. Only they happen to prefer painting. They fancy it as a hobby. They take to Tanjore gold leaf painting with studding of the flashy gems thrown in and also modern glass painting. Even many society girls evince interest in this and practice it as a hobby."
School principal Shanmugam proudly relates one of the current projects the college is engaged in: "We are creating a horse pillar hall consisting of forty equestrian warriors to be erected in Kotiswaram, Jaffna, in Sri Lanka. When it is ready, it will be taken to Sri Lanka and assembled there."
V. Ganapathy Stapathi says that traditional housing architecture has not been adopted into the college's curriculum. He says, "The Western mode of building architecture made great strides in India on account of institutional training. But to lead a simple, happy, contented life for the poor and middle class-those house patterns are yet to develop. Only Indian tradition can offer solutions. But the passage is blocked. This school can play a role only if the public is taught to be disenamored of the flashy West and reorient themselves to the simple but beautiful life pattern of their forebearers."
The Japanese have flicked out their trading tentacles to the granite bedrock of Mahabalipuram, offering big yen for granite that will be carved into Shinto and Buddhist tombstones or veneered onto skyscrapers back in Japan. While most of the carving is hand-executed, the Japanese employ sophisticated cutting and polishing machines and computer-aided-design to get an edge on competitors. Hindu stapathis in India are also dabbling in techno-sculpting, but most are shy of letting hand work go entirely in favor of machine work. Woodworking in Mahabalipuram was given a technological boost a hundred years ago by the British who wanted more and better export objects d'art. World class temple architect V. Ganapathy Stapathi observes on stone, "Machines can't give the finish human hands do. We don't turn our back on modern equipment. It'd be myopic and retrogressive. But there are areas in the Hindu art of making images which demand the feel of God-given hands. The proboscis of Ganapati and the serrated jaws of Vishnu as the Lion/man avatar defy polishing machines." But one alumnus of the Government College of Architecture and Sculpture uses technology extensively. Rangaswami Stapathy has developed a thriving studio that specializes in computer design and machine-polished statues and granite blocks. In particular demand are his interior decor items: domes, flower pots and pillars. If pure granite temple building becomes popular in the global Hindu community, the protean power and visual accuracy of computer depiction of design would enable clients to custom select features of their future edifice while watching a three-dimensional image on screen.


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NEW YORK — Veteran anchor Chris Wallace has left Fox News after 18 years for CNN, dealing a blow to Fox's news operation.
Wallace delivered the surprising news that he was leaving at the end of the "Fox News Sunday" show he moderates, and within two hours CNN announced he was joining its new streaming service as an anchor. CNN+ is expected to debut in early 2022.
"It is the last time, and I say this with real sadness, we will meet like this," Wallace, who is 74, said on his show, which airs on the Fox network and is later rerun on Fox News Channel. "Eighteen years ago, the bosses here at Fox promised me they would never interfere with a guest I booked or a question I asked. And they kept that promise."
Wallace was a veteran broadcast network newsman, working at both ABC and NBC News, before the late Roger Ailes lured him to Fox with the promise of his own Sunday show. Methodical and never showy — in contrast to his father Mike, the legendary "60 Minutes" reporter — Chris Wallace was known for his willingness to ask hard questions of all guests no matter their politics.
He was the first Fox News personality to moderate a presidential debate, doing it in 2016 and 2020. The debate he moderated last year went off the rails when then-President Donald Trump repeatedly interrupted Democratic challenger Joe Biden.
"He is the most tenacious interviewer in the television business, based on intense preparation and plain old persistence," said Howard Kurtz, host of Fox's "Media Buzz." "He has the kind of seasoned judgment that only comes from so many years of covering political issues and he may be the best debate moderator ever."
Kurtz said it was "a major loss for Fox News, no question about it."
Wallace generally co-existed with Fox's opinion side and infrequently took them on publicly, although in 2017 he said it was "bad form" when opinion hosts bashed the media.
But he had grown privately frustrated with the overall tenor at Fox, where conservative opinion hosts have been elevated and amplified, particularly after the network's ratings took a brief hit following the 2020 election. The network ousted two news executives involved in the controversial — but correct — Election Night declaration that Biden had won in Arizona, a call that infuriated Republican Trump.
Wallace had expressed his concern about the strident opinion programming to Fox executives multiple times, including recently after Tucker Carlson's documentary on the Jan. 6 Capitol insurrection, "Patriot Purge," aired on Fox's streaming service. Two Fox News contributors, Jonah Goldberg and Stephen Hayes, cited that program in choosing to quit the network.
Wallace was one of a prominent triumvirate of straight-news anchors at Fox who offered a contrast to popular opinion hosts such as Carlson and Sean Hannity. Shepard Smith left in 2019 and is now doing a news show at CNBC. Bret Baier remains at Fox as host of a Washington-based evening news program.
His track record had given Wallace a large measure of independence at Fox, despite the network's overall tilt. "I have been free to report to the best of my ability, to cover the stories I think are important, to hold our country's leaders to account," he said on Sunday. "It's been a great ride."
His announcement came as a surprise; even guests on his show Sunday hadn't been tipped off they were seeing his finale.
In contrast to when Smith left, Wallace was coming to the end of his contract with Fox. But he turned down an offer for a multiyear extension and pay raise to leave for CNN.
"We are extremely proud of our journalism and the stellar team that Chris Wallace was a part of for 18 years," Fox said on Sunday. "The legacy of 'Fox News Sunday' will continue."
Until a successor is named, Fox said Wallace will be replaced by a rotating series of guest anchors, including Baier, John Roberts, Shannon Bream, Martha MacCallum, Jennifer Griffin, Neil Cavuto, Dana Perino and Bill Hemmer.
Wallace said that he wanted to "try something new, to go beyond politics to all the things I'm interested in."
In CNN's announcement, he said, "I look forward to the new freedom and flexibility streaming affords in interviewing major figures across the news landscape — and finding new ways to tell stories."
CNN said more details about Wallace's new role will be forthcoming. He's the biggest name among the hires at CNN+, which has also brought on former NBC News anchor Kasie Hunt and business journalist Scott Galloway.


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Arche was discovered Oct. 31, 2002, by Scott S. Sheppard at the Mauna Kea Observatory in Hawaii.
Arche is a member of the Carme group, a family of Jovian satellites which have similar orbits and appearance and are therefore thought to have a common origin. The group probably began as a D-type asteroid (possibly from the Hilda family or the Jupiter Trojans) that suffered a collision, which broke off a number of pieces, either before or after being captured by Jupiter's gravity. The largest remaining chunk (still retaining 99 percent of the group's mass) was named "Carme," and the smaller pieces became the other 16 moons in the Carme group.
All of the Carme moons are retrograde, which means that they orbit Jupiter in the opposite direction from the planet's rotation. Their orbits are also eccentric (elliptical rather than circular) and highly inclined with respect to Jupiter's equatorial plane. They all are very similar in color—light red—except for Kalyke, which is considerably redder than the others. All of these characteristics support the idea that the Carme satellites began as a captured asteroid, rather than forming as part of the original Jupiter system. None of the Carme members is massive enough to pull itself into a sphere, so they are probably all irregularly shaped.
Arche has a mean radius of about 1 mile (1.5 km). At a mean distance of about 14.5 million miles (23.4 million) km from Jupiter, the satellite takes about 732 Earth days to complete one orbit.
How Arche Got its Name
Satellites in the Jovian system are named for Zeus/Jupiter's lovers and descendants. Names of outer satellites with a prograde orbit generally end with the letter "a" (although an "o" ending has been reserved for some unusual cases), and names of satellites with a retrograde orbit end with an "e."
Originally called S/2002 J1, Arche was named for one of the Muses, who were daughters of Zeus, the Greek equivalent of the Roman god Jupiter. Her name means "beginning."


text: Emergency management includes: prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. Emergency response plans and procedures are in place, and are continually reviewed and updated to support the resilience of our community to a variety of hazards. Emergency preparedness is a collective effort of many. While departments such as police, fire or public works will lead various emergency response and management activities, all city departments and other community stakeholders and essential services are necessary to support emergency planning and management activities as needed when preparing for hazards, during and after emergency events. You are also an important part of response and recovery to any emergency. We have assembled a number of resources at this location to help you prepare for emergencies.


text:
Download a pdf of this Memorandum
David S. North is a fellow at the Center for Immigration Studies.
It is often useful to look at an immigration program, step-by-step, through the eyes of the participants; in earlier years I did this with people seeking naturalization, legalization applicants, and green-card holders who lived in Mexico and worked in the United States.
Recently, I started doing this vis-à-vis the H-1B program; one gets a more nuanced view of the program that supplements reading studies, statistics, and statements made by supporters and opponents of the program.
My vantage point this time is my annual volunteer stint helping University of Maryland graduate students with their income tax filings; many of the international graduate students are involved in, or want to be involved in, the H-1B program. What follows are some essentially journalistic observations, as opposed to the results of a structured survey. Most of my informants, like the largest single group of H-1B participants, are from India.
From their eyes, the H-1B program is part of a nearly seamless web that starts in the undergraduate years at one of India's technical colleges and ends, with luck and skill, as a green card-holder. As a second-prize one gets six to eight years of legal employment in one of America's high-tech industries and as a third prize (my own judgment here) one becomes the holder of a valued U.S. university degree, an excellent thing to have if working in India.
I get a strong sense of a supporting international network functioning for many of the students, including the high-tech universities in India, American universities, American employers, and above all else, the American immigration system. The apparently smooth functioning of all parts of this system facilitates the entry into the American labor market of this population, in a way that many believe disadvantages U.S. workers. (See, for example, the CIS publications on the subject by my colleague John Miano.)
The H-1B process is gilded for some of these international students (the ablest and luckiest) and bumpier and more expensive for others. Some people get eliminated at various stages all along the way.
It should be noted that there are three categories of H-1Bs: those with at least a bachelor's degree who face a 65,000 annual (congressionally-mandated) ceiling, those with advanced American degrees who can be hired within the 65,000 allocation OR can be hired within another 20,000 set-aside exclusively for people with those qualifications, and finally a third group who can be hired for work at universities, with no numerical ceiling. This Memorandum relates primarily to the second grouping, those with, or about to secure, advanced degrees in the United States; this is an elite group of nonimmigrant workers.
This is how it works: India has a collection of apparently quite competent technical universities that operate at the undergraduate level, apparently producing more graduates than the Indian economy can use. The more ambitious among the undergraduates quickly learn that rewards for their skills will be higher in the United States than in India, and that an American advanced degree will be helpful to their career whether they work in the United States or in India.
There are opportunities to secure advanced tech degrees in India, but my informants said that they carry less prestige than American ones, particularly those from top-ranking U.S. institutions, such as Maryland-College Park. They also hear about the H-1B program before they leave India.
This whole progression can be viewed as a five-step process.
Step One: The first step for these would-be migrants is to secure admission to a U.S. graduate program, which leads to a student visa (F-1 in most cases). It usually takes two years to obtain a master's and much longer for a doctorate. Most of them study electrical engineering, telecommunications, or information management.
The best applicants to Maryland, and presumably other high-ranking institutions, get tuition remission and a graduate assistantship from the first day. Some others must pay their own way for the first term, and only then does financial assistance materialize. For still others, I suspect a small minority at Maryland (and a majority in some lesser institutions), they pay their own way throughout the program. Virtually all the grad students I talked to at Maryland do not have to pay tuition; most of the exceptions appear to be in the arts or literature.
Thus the population I am describing for the most part gets its graduate training at U.S. expense; I previously wrote a report for the Sloan Foundation, examining similar financing arrangements for a broader set of international students.
The payment or nonpayment of tuition, among the people I have been interviewing, sets up an interesting dynamic. The best students, with no bills to pay, get the most job offers while the least able students have a harder time getting jobs, but have a stronger motivation to stay in the United States than their more skilled colleagues — they often have substantial loans to repay, which they can do much more easily in the States than back home.
Meanwhile, in the case of Maryland, its international student office creates and runs information-dispensing seminars to make sure that arriving international graduate students know about the various ways that they can obtain short- or long-term jobs in the United States, including the complex arrangements in the H-1B program.
Further, the university hosts job fairs that help students land high-tech jobs and it has created an internet-based job bank for the same purpose.
Step Two: A crucial moment in the career of the would-be H-1B comes during the first summer, when the students are free to — and encouraged to — work off campus. (Their F-1 visas allow such employment, nominally if it has something to do with their graduate program.)
Some graduate students get all-summer jobs (or internships) with solid companies that pay a decent salary of, say, $4,000 a month. Some companies even go to the trouble of finding housing for their summer workers.
Other graduate students get shorter gigs and are paid considerably less well. The employers obtain some work, usually in software programs, from the students and get a chance to see the students in an employment context.
Some companies pay attention to the nuances of their payrolls and dutifully deduct federal and state taxes and avoid deducting FICA and Medicare taxes, which do not apply to F-1 students. Others deduct those taxes, when they shouldn't, and still others make no deductions at all, claiming the students are consultants. This last maneuver, which is a deplorable practice, leaves the student with a sizeable tax bill the following April and short-changes the Social Security system.
As noted earlier, some would-be H1-Bs face a rockier road than others. I had one graduate student tell me that she had the misfortune of working for a software firm that went bankrupt in the course of the summer and it paid her only part of the wages owed. I found that no one had talked to her about how the Wage-Hour Division of the U.S. Labor Department or the U.S. Bankruptcy Courts might be able to help her collect at least some of those currently lost wages.
More important than these payroll matters is the fact that some of the students make solid connections with their employers and go into their second year of their master's program knowing that they will have a U.S. job upon graduation.
One of my income tax clients was an impressive young lady who had tuition remission and a part-time campus job from her first day at College Park. She had, in response to my questioning, eventually admitted that she had been the "topper" — had the best grades — in her information management graduating class in India. She had, at the end of her first summer in the United States, secured a promise of an H-1B job with the American arm of a renowned international financial institution as soon as she graduates. Others, with graduation a couple of months away, were still looking.
Step Three: Moving from the campus into an H-1B job immediately, however, was not the arrangement that most of the Indian grad students are contemplating.
They expect to go through a USCIS-defined period of "optional practical training" or OPT; this stretch of legal work in the United States applies to newly-graduating F-1 students. The duration of this period was 12 months for decades, until the spring of 2008 when USCIS, the open borders people, and the tech industry in the United States got creative.
The setting was the congressional cutbacks in the availability of H-1B visas. The Microsofts, Goldman Sachs, and other H-1B users were not content with the quotas of 65,000 new H-1Bs, plus 20,000 more new H-1Bs with advanced degrees, plus unlimited slots at the universities, plus the huge numbers of H-1Bs working on previously granted visas. These big employers and their allies presumably talked to the Bush administration and USCIS created a way to expand the population of temporary foreign workers without appearing to violate the various ceilings established by Congress.
Two years ago, on April 4, 2008, USCIS announced that instead of 12 months of OPT, F-1 visa holders who had at least a bachelor's degree in the STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields may have an additional 17 months of OPT eligibility, for a total of 29 months. (The College Park students spoke of it as the "STEM extension;" at first this sounded like a bit of plastic surgery in a botany laboratory.)
Thus with the stroke of the pen, and totally ignoring the intent of Congress, USCIS made scores of thousands of recent college graduates from overseas eligible to work in the United States, while in many cases they waited for an H-1B visa.
The Immigration Reform Law Institute (IRLI) has filed a federal lawsuit against USCIS on this issue, representing several organizations of U.S. workers potentially shouldered aside from jobs in the U.S. economy. Among the groups in the suit are the American Engineering Association and the Programmers Guild.
"Immigration law is very clear that student visas are for students to come to the United States solely and temporarily for study. Instead, DHS invented its own guest worker program to circumvent the annual H-1B visa cap," said Mike Hethmon, General Counsel for IRLI. "DHS not only took this illegal action, but did it as an emergency measure to prevent American citizens from weighing in."
The numerical impact of this innovation is not totally clear. The previously cited USCIS announcement estimated that 22,000 students would benefit from the new program, but the agency is notoriously loathe to publish numbers on its action. As John Miano told me, "That's one of the things no one but USCIS knows. USCIS simply ignores requests for such numbers."
Parenthetically, while a series of other immigration-related agencies, such as the Visa Office of State, the Executive Office of Immigration Review in Justice, and some other DHS agencies publish lots of useful statistics, USCIS is number-shy.
My own sense is that the 22,000 figure is an annual one, and that it should be multiplied by two and a half (29 months is just shy of 2.5 years) which would produce 55,000 more student workers at any given time. Since I suspect that the USCIS estimate is on the low side, perhaps as many as 100,000 additional person-years of science and engineering employment by aliens have been created by this governmental sleight-of-hand. If I am wrong, I would welcome a correction from USCIS on this point.
Back to the H-1B process, as it impacts individual applicants. When asked about the difference between working on the OPT program and as an H-1B, one would-be H-1B at Maryland pointed out that while the latter program tended to produce longer-term jobs than OPT, the tax rate on OPT work was lower than that in the H-1B program.
Step Four: Given the pent-up demand for the numerically limited H-1B slots, potential employers of such workers have a once-a-year chance to seek permission to hire these graduate students. The current practice is for all such employers to file their requests at the very beginning of April and then hope that they secure the needed papers. This traffic jam at USCIS leads to a lottery to allocate visas among those applying on time.
Last year at the time USCIS issued a statement on this subject, making it clear that those losing out in the 20,000-limit lottery (for those with advanced degrees) would be able to compete in the second, 65,000-limit lottery if they lost in the first one. This arrangement is thus favorable to the people I have been talking to, all with, or about to get, a master's degree at Maryland.
With OPT, however, a student losing these two consecutive H-1B lotteries (which are not to be confused with the green card lottery) has other chances, in the next year or two, to obtain an H-1B visa as the process repeats itself.
I must say, though this may irritate some of my colleagues, that the potential H-1B workers I have been talking to constitute an attractive group of people: talented, well-educated, and the Indians among them, at least, have an excellent command of English. They have all survived a series of fitness contests on their way to nonimmigrant workers' jobs. It is no wonder that employers are anxious to hire them.
Step Five: This final step, securing a green card through a permanent labor certification sought by the worker's employer, is again the product of a process in which merit, career-building skills, and luck all play a role.
Does the overseas applicant get into a prestigious U.S. institution, or a lesser one? Does the student get financial assistance? And if so, how much?
Does that first summer job lead to 1) further employment, or 2) to no further job offers, or 3) worse, does the summer employer go broke?
Is the worker offered a chance at H-1B? And then does the employer actually secure the H-1B authorization?
Life for would-be H1B workers, as it is for many of us, is a series of challenges and uncertainties, and this is true for the last step as well as the first ones.
As Ron Hira, an associate professor of public policy at the Rochester Institute of Technology, has pointed out in a recent article, some employers of H-1B workers actively use the program as a bridge to green card status for some of their workers, and other simply use it as a source of relatively short-term, talented, but inexpensive labor.
My sense is that the very active grapevine among the would-be and enrolled H-1B workers probably carries a lot of information on who the good, bad, and mediocre employers are in this program. Many nonimmigrant workers, or course, cannot be choosers, and some thus wind up with green cards and many do not.
Speaking of employers, there is another dimension as well: the quality of work life. As two of my College Park informants told me, you might wind up as an H-1B working at Microsoft, where the pay is good but the work life is not remarkable — or, if you are very, very lucky, you might get a slightly less-well paid job at Google.
As far as these two were concerned, Google is heaven on Earth for software engineers.


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I've spent the last few days working on an implementation of the MTP protocol for Ubuntu Touch, based on some amazing initial work from Thomas Voß to port the Android MTP libraries to C++.
I hadn't touched C++ in just about ten years. Last time was for school stuff, and it seems like things have changed a fair amount since, so I first had to get back in touch with the quirks of C++, learning Qt (which I used for my initial work), and learning Boost; in particular Boost::Filesystem, and some of the most fun pieces of Boost like BOOST_FOREACH, range adaptors, etc.
But MTP has been progressing very nicely, with code surely ready to land pretty soon in the Touch images. It was initially only exposing image files in /home/phablet/Pictures, but the latest code (still at lp:~mathieu-tl/mtp/images) now exposes all files in /home/phablet.
Not everything is implemented yet: for instance, you won't really have access to see or change permissions, copy or move files around the exposed filesystem, or delete files, but you can already browse and retrieve files, just like you can use the current MTP code to push files to an Ubuntu Touch device.
I'm thrilled at what's to come on that front, this is going to be a lot of fun.
If you're interested in testing this, feel free to take a copy of my bzr branch and experiment. You can build mtp simply:cd mtp/
sudo apt-get install bzr bzr-builddeb debhelper build-essential cmake libboost-dev libboost-filesystem-dev
bzr bd
Let's keep working on making Ubuntu and the Touch images rock!


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Crater's debut album Talk to Me so I can Fall Asleep is now available.
Available on:
Green vinyl (Limited to 200)
Black vinyl
Select your preferred format below. LPs will include a download code in the sleeve.
Crater is a Seattle-based electronic pop duo consisting of Ceci Gomez and Kessiah Gordon. Since 2013, the group released a slew of singles via Mermaid Avenue/Mom+Pop and will put out their debut full length Talk to Me so I Can Fall Asleep on Help Yourself Records on February 26, 2016. Within the past year they have toured nationally with the likes of Canadian goth pop artist TR/ST and glitter pop band MS MR.
Talk to Me so I Can Fall Asleep emerged from Ceci and Kessiah's adjoining bedrooms during the long rainy season. They sculpted the album from a massive collection of internet treasures: arcane samples, torrents, and GIFS all crammed into a desktop folder aptly named "Black Hole." Out of this chaos surfaced an industrial pop record with brooding dance tracks that stutter into hysteria.
1. Crater Head
2. Sick Sad World
3. Ain't Right
4. Habits Die Slow
5. Summer Skin
6. Gross Relations
7. Hardly at All
8. Lucky Lucy
9. Badlands
10. Holy Ground
11. Brew


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Sogndal Skisenter Hodlekve, Sogndal, Norway
After taking the skilift in the ski resort Sogndal - Hodlekve you face many alternative runs. In some of these slopes , you will at times find powder while other slopes will always be groomed. Sogndal - Hodlekve consists of a ski lift at 1,100 meters , vertical drop of 180 meters , lift capacity of 700 persons per hour , 2.5 kilometers of groomed slopes and 10 kilometers of groomed cross country trails.
Ski resort Sogndal - Hodlekve is known for powder snow , piste and good snow conditions.
- Operational from December 2015
- Main season from December to april
- Solution is in English and Norwegian
Skiperformance products:
Sogndal Skisenter Hodlekve
See the online skipass solution here: http://www.sogndalskisenter.no


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The threat of nuclear missile attack by North Korea is accelerating, U.S. Defense Secretary Jim Mattis said Saturday, accusing the North of illegal and unnecessary missile and nuclear programs and pledging to repel any strike.
In remarks in Seoul with South Korean Defense Minister Song Young-moo at his side, Mattis said North Korea engages in "outlaw" behavior and that the U.S. will never accept a nuclear North.
The Pentagon chief added that regardless of what the North might try, it is overmatched by the firepower and cohesiveness of the decades-old U.S.-South Korean alliance.
"North Korea has accelerated the threat that it poses to its neighbors and the world through its illegal and unnecessary missile and nuclear weapons programs," he said, adding that U.S.-South Korean military and diplomatic collaboration thus has taken on "a new urgency."
"I cannot imagine a condition under which the United States would accept North Korea as a nuclear power," Mattis said.
As he emphasized throughout his weeklong Asia trip, which included stops in Thailand and the Philippines, Mattis said diplomacy remains the preferred way to deal with the North.
"With that said," he added, "make no mistake — any attack on the United States or our allies will be defeated, and any use of nuclear weapons by the North will be met with a massive military response that is effective and overwhelming."
U.S. & World
Mattis' comments did not go beyond his recent statements of concern about North Korea, although he appeared to inject a stronger note about the urgency of resolving the crisis.
While he accused the North of "outlaw" behavior, he did not mention that President Donald Trump has ratcheted up his own rhetoric. In August, Trump warned the North not to make any more threats against the United States, and said that if it did, it would be met with "fire and fury like the world has never seen."
Song said at the news conference that he and Mattis agreed to further cooperation on strengthening Seoul's defense capabilities, including lifting warhead payload limits on South Korean conventional missiles and supporting the country's acquisition of "most advanced military assets." He offered no specifics and refused to answer when asked whether the discussions included nuclear-powered submarines.
Some South Korean government officials have endorsed the nation getting nuclear-powered submarines amid calls for more military strength. There's a growing concern among the South Korean public that North Korea's expanding nuclear weapons arsenal, which may soon include an intercontinental ballistic missile that could target the U.S. mainland, would undermine Seoul's long alliance with Washington.
South Korea's conservative politicians have also called for the United States to bring back tactical nuclear weapons that were withdrawn from the Korean Peninsula in the 1990s. But Mattis and Song were strongly dismissive of the idea.
"When considering national interest, it's much better not to deploy them," said Song, adding that the allies would have "sufficient means" to respond to a North Korean nuclear attack even without placing tactical nuclear weapons in the South. Mattis said current U.S. strategic assets are already providing nuclear deterrence and that the South Korean government has never approached him with the subject of tactical nuclear weapons.
Trump entered office declaring his commitment to solving the North Korea problem, asserting that he would succeed where his predecessors had failed. His administration has sought to increase pressure on Pyongyang through U.N. Security Council sanctions and other diplomatic efforts, but the North hasn't budged from its goal of building a full-fledged nuclear arsenal, including missiles capable of striking the U.S. mainland.
If Trump sticks to his pledge to stop the North from being able to threaten the U.S. with a nuclear attack, something will have to give — either a negotiated tempering of the North's ambitions or a U.S. acceptance of the North as a nuclear power.
The other alternative would be U.S. military action to attempt to neutralize or eliminate the North's nuclear assets - a move fraught with risk for South Korea, Japan and the United States.
Mattis touched off unease in South Korea last month when he told reporters at the Pentagon that the United States has military options for North Korea that doesn't put Seoul at risk. At Saturday's briefing, Mattis didn't offer a direct answer to what those options are or how and when they would be used.
"Our military options as I mentioned are designed to buttress the diplomats' efforts to maintain a deterrence stance and denuclearize the Korean Peninsula," he said. While the allies are committed to deterring North Korea, they also need "many different military options that would realistically reduce that threat as low as possible," Mattis said.
"And yes, we do have those options," he said.
The North says it needs nuclear weapons to counter what it believes is a U.S. effort to strangle its economy and overthrow the Kim government.
This was Mattis's second visit to South Korea since taking office in January. He made a point of going to Seoul and Tokyo on his first overseas trip in February, saying he wanted to emphasis the importance he places on strengthening alliances and partnerships.


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People use the term "modern" in a variety of ways, often very loosely, with a lot of implied associations of new, contemporary, up-to-date, and technological. We know the difference between a modern society and one that remains tied to the past and it usually has less to do with art and more to do with technology and industrial progress, things like indoor plumbing, easy access to consumer goods, freedom of expression, and voting rights. In the 19th century, however, modernity and its connection with art had certain specific associations that people began recognizing and using as barometers to distinguish themselves and their culture from earlier nineteenth century ways and attitudes.
Chronologically, Modernism refers to the period from 1850 to 1960. It begins with the Realist movement and ends with Abstract Expressionism. That's just a little over one hundred years. During that period the western world experienced some significant changes that transformed Europe and the United States from traditional societies that were agriculturally based into modern ones with cities and factories and mass transportation.
Here are some important features that all modern societies share.
Capitalism replaced landed fortunes and became the economic system of modernity in which people exchanged labor for a fixed wage and used their wages to buy ever more consumer items rather than produce such items themselves. This economic change dramatically affected class relations because it offered opportunities for great wealth through individual initiative, industrialization and technology—somewhat like the technological and dot.com explosion of the late 20th and early 21st century. The industrial revolution which began in England in the late 18th century and rapidly swept across Europe (hitting the U.S. immediately following the Civil War) transformed economic and social relationships, offered an ever-increasing number of cheaper consumer goods, and changed notions of education. Who needed the classics when a commercial/technically oriented education was the key to financial success? The industrial revolution also fostered a sense of competition and progress that continues to influence us today.
Urban culture
Urban culture replaced agrarian culture as industrialization and cities grew. Cities were the sites of new wealth and opportunity with their factories and manufacturing potential. People moving from small farms, towns to large cities helped to breakdown traditional culture and values. There were also new complications such as growing urban crime, prostitution, alienation, and depersonalization.
In a small town you probably knew the cobbler who made your shoes and such a personal relationship often expanded into everyday economics—you might be able to barter food or labor for a new pair of shoes or delay payments. These kinds of accommodations that formed a substructure to agrarian life were swept away with urbanization. City dwellers bought shoes that were manufactured, transported by railroads, displayed in shop windows, and purchased only for cash. Assembly lines, anonymous labor, and advertising created more consumer items but also a growing sense of depersonalization. The gap between the "haves" and the "have nots" increased and were more visible in the city.
Technological advances such as industrialization, railroads, gas lighting, streetcars such as the evolution of factory systems, indoor plumbing, appliances, and scientific advances were rapidly made and these changes dramatically affected the way people lived and thought about themselves. One consequence was that people in industrialized areas thought of themselves as progressive and modern and considered undeveloped cultures in undeveloped countries as primitive and backward.
Modernity is characterized by increasing secularism and diminished religious authority. People did not abandon religion but they paid less attention to it. Organized religions were increasingly less able to dictate standards, values, and subject matter. Fine art moved from representing human experience and its relationship to God's creation, to a focus on personal emotions and individual spiritual experiences that were not based in any organized and institutionalized religion.
The modern world was extremely optimistic—people saw these changes as positive. They welcomed innovation and championed progress. Change became a signifier of modernity. Anything that was traditional and static signaled outmoded, old-fashioned, conservative and was to be avoided by the new modern public. Modern Europe and the U.S. internalized these positions and used modernity as a way of determining and validating their superiority. The nineteenth century was also a period of tremendous colonial growth and expansion, in the name of progress and social benefit and all of these activities were spearheaded by newly industrialized western countries.
Many artists closely identified with modernity and embraced the new techniques and innovations, the spirit of progress, invention, discovery, creativity and change. They wanted to participate in creating the modern world and they were anxious to try out new ideas rather than following the more conservative guidelines of Academic art. This is not to say that these mid-nineteenth century artists were the first to challenge an older generation or set of ideas. Many academic artists had argued over formal issues, styles and subject matter but this was much like a good natured agreement within a club; everyone in the group agreed to disagree.
A middle-class audience
By the mid-1850's polite academic disagreements were being taken out of the Academy and onto the street. Artists were looking increasingly to the private sector for patronage, tapping into that growing group of bourgeois or middle class collectors with money to spend and houses to fill with paintings. This new middle class audience that made its money through industrialization and manufacturing had lots of "disposable income", and they wanted pictures that they could understand, that were easy to look at, fit into their homes, addressed subjects they liked. Not for them the historical cycles of gods, saints and heroes with their complex intellectual associations and references; instead, they wanted landscapes, genre scenes, and still life. They were not less educated than earlier buyers, but educated with a different focus and set of priorities. Reality was here and now, progress was inevitable, and the new hero of modern life was the modern man.
Modernity is then a composite of contexts: a time, a space, and an attitude. What makes a place or an object "modern" depends on these conditions.
The avant garde
Throughout the 19th century there were artists who produced pictures that we do not label "modern art" generally because the techniques or subjects were associated with the conservative academic styles, techniques and approaches. On the other hand, modern artists were often called the "avant garde." This was originally a military term that described the point man (the first soldier out)—the one to take the most risk. The French socialist Henri de Saint-Simon first used the term in the early 1820's to describe an artist whose work would serve the needs of the people, of a socialist society rather than the ruling classes.
The avant garde is also used to identify artists whose painting subjects and techniques were radical, marking them off from the more traditional or academic styles, but not with any particular political ideology in mind. Avant garde became a kind of generic term for a number of art movements centered on the idea of artistic autonomy and independence. In some cases the avant garde was closely associated with political activism, especially socialist or communist movements; in other cases, the avant garde was pointedly removed from politics and focused primarily on aesthetics. The avant garde was never a cohesive group of artists and what was avant garde in one nation was not necessarily the same in others.
Finally, although modern artists were working throughout many countries in Europe and the United States, most 19th art and much 20th century modern art is centered in France and produced by French artists. Unlike England which was politically stable in the 19th century, France went through a variety of governments and insurrections all of which provided a unique political and cultural environment that fostered what we know as modern art.
Additional resources:
Modernism from Christopher L.C.E. Witcombe
Smarthistory images for teaching and learning:
[flickr_tags user_id="82032880@N00″ tags="BecomingModern,"]


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Eddy's Artistic Iron Works in Wilmington Adds Value to Local Homes by Making Them Safer and More Beautiful
Cesar and Patricia of Eddy's Artistic Wrought Iron in Wilmington, CA, can make just about anything using iron. They've been doing business here in California for over twenty years, and they make any home remodel or industrial project more both beautiful and safer at the same time.
Take a look at their gallery of beautiful projects in the slideshow on their home page. These are all real photographs of their own work – not stock photography, and the examples show amazing attention to detail and immense artistic and creative talent to match the architecture of the project.
Have a look at EddysArtistic.com so next time you're in need of beautiful handrails or guardrails – or come across somebody that is – you'll know where to go: straight to Cesar and Patricia of Eddy's Artistic Wrought Iron.


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This summer's Maple Leafs Annual, now published by Lindy's Sports under the title "In the Rink: 2012-13 Maple Leafs," is available for online order today ($9.99 plus shipping) and will hit newsstands across the GTA on August 28. Chapters/Indigo and Shoppers Drug Mart should have it across the country.
Pleased to have been invited back as editor, I'm confident this is the best collection of content we have put together in our four years producing the book. Leafs fans seldom get this type of value for their money.
The 112-page Annual is split up as follows:
Article |
Author(s) |
Year Five | Julian Sanchez and Jason Orach |
By the Numbers | Stephen Burtch |
2012-13 Player Profiles | Gus Katsaros, Ryan Dadoun, Gabe Desjardins |
Forward Makeup | Anthony Petrielli |
On the Defence | Cam Charron |
The Pitfalls of Maple Leafs Goaltending | Justin Goldman |
Familiar Question Marks | J.P Nikota |
Previewing the Northeast | Garrett Bauman |
Taking a Flyer | Bill Meltzer |
Maple Leafs Top Prospects: An interview with Dave Morrison |
Alex Tran |
Toronto's Only Winner (Marlies) | Jeff Veillette |
Top Down Development: An interview with Dallas Eakins |
Clayton Hansler |
Art of Score | Matt Mistele |
Breakout Kings and Power Ranges: Where do the Leafs stand in their rebuild? |
Jon Steitzer |
Turning Pages: An interview with Dave Poulin |
Michael Stephens |
The Good Old Hockey Game: Leafs-Wings Alumni Game |
Kevin Shea and Joe Pelletier |
One of Ours: Sundin HHOF induction | Michael Langlois |


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Fused Glass - Picasso Pendant
"Picassos" are beautiful, colorful, and fun to wear, necklace pendants. They can be worn with practically any color and can go from daytime to evening. This handmade Picasso Pendant is made with a variety of dichroic glass colors which gives it it's vibrancy. After fusing, I cut and hand shape each pendant. I then hand etch "doodle art" adding to the uniqueness of each pendant. This Pendant is 1 7/8" at its widest point and is 2" long (including the bail). The bail is gold plate.