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Globalizing Gaza
Operation Protective Edge was not merely a military assault on a primarily civilian population.
As in its previous "operations" (Cast Lead in 2008-9 and Pillar of Defense in 2012), it was also part of an ongoing assault on international humanitarian law (IHL) by a highly coordinated team of Israeli lawyers, military officers, PR people and politicians, led by (no less) a philosopher of ethics. It is an effort not only to get Israel off the hook for massive violations of human rights and international law, but to help other governments overcome similar constraints when they embark as well on "asymmetrical warfare," "counterinsurgency" and "counter-terrorism" against peoples resisting domination. It is a campaign that Israel calls "lawfare" and had better be taken seriously by us all.
The urgency of this campaign has been underscored by a series of notable legal setbacks and challenges Israel has incurred over the past decade or so, beginning with the indictment of Ariel Sharon in 2001 by a Belgian court over his involvement in the Sabra and Shatila massacres, for which he escaped trial. In the wake of Operation Defensive Shield in 2002, when Sharon's government oversaw the demolition of hundreds of Palestinian homes in the West Bank, the utter destruction of virtually all the infrastructure of Palestinian cities, the death of 497 Palestinians and the arrest of 7000 people, Israel was accused of war crimes, but succeeded in foiling a UN investigation.
In 2004, at the request of the General Assembly, the International Court of Justice in The Hague ruled that Israel's construction of the wall inside Palestinian territory is "contrary to international law" and must be dismantled. The ruling was upheld almost unanimously by the UN General Assembly, with only Israel, the US, Australia and a few Pacific atolls dissenting – though, again, it lacked any means of enforcement. In the second Lebanon War in 2006, after destroying the Dahiya neighborhood in Beirut, the Hizbollah "stronghold," Israel announced its "Dahiya Doctrine." Declared Gadi Eisenkott, head of the IDF's Northern Command,
What happened in the Dahiya quarter of Beirut in 2006, "will happen in every village from which Israel is fired on…. We will apply disproportionate force on it and cause great damage and destruction there. From our standpoint, these are not civilian villages, they are military bases.… This is not a recommendation. This is a plan. And it has been approved."
And it was applied again. The Goldstone Report on Operation Cast Lead concluded that
The tactics used by Israeli military armed forces in the Gaza offensive [of 2008-2009] are consistent with previous practices, most recently during the Lebanon war in 2006. A concept known as the Dahiya doctrine emerged then, involving the application of disproportionate force and the causing of great damage and destruction to civilian property and infrastructure, and suffering to civilian populations.
The Dahiya Doctrine violates two cardinal principles of IHL: The Principle of Distinction and the Principle of Disproportionality. The Principle of Distinction, embodied in the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their two Additional Protocols of 1977, lays down a hard-and-fast rule: civilians cannot be targeted by armies. On the contrary, they must be protected; violence to life and person is strictly prohibited, as are "outrages upon personal dignity." The Principle of Proportionality, also embodied in the 1977 Protocols to the Fourth Geneva Conventions considers it a war crime to intentionally attack a military objective in the knowledge that the incidental civilian injuries would be clearly excessive in relation to the anticipated military advantage. "The presence within the civilian population of individuals who do not come within the definition of civilians," says Protocol I, Article 50 (3), "does not deprive the population of its civilian character."
Not only were these principles violated yet again in the current round of fighting – and the Israeli government, aware of this, has carefully prepared its defense before the UN Human Rights Council's international committee of inquiry as well as before the International Criminal Court, should the Palestinian Authority turn to it – but an additional doctrine of intentional disproportionality has also been declared and perpetrated: the Hannibal Doctrine. This states that when an Israeli soldier is captured, rescuing him becomes the main mission, no matter how many civilians are killed or injured, how much damage is caused, or even if the captured soldier himself is killed or wounded by "friendly" fire. When, then, it was believed (falsely, it turned out) that an IDF soldier had been captured by Hamas in the Rafah area, the entire urban area came under massive Israeli artillery fire and air strikes, in which hundreds of buildings were destroyed and at least 130 people killed.
Violations of the Principles of Distinction and Disproportionality constitute grave breaches of international law – and we can only imagine what states would do if they were eliminated from the legal code or significantly watered down. But this is precisely what Israel aims to do. Using the Palestinians as their guinea pigs in a bold and aggressive strategy of "fixing" international law, it wants to create new categories of combatants – "non-legitimate actors" such as "terrorists," "insurgents" and "non-state actors," together with the civilian population that supports them – so that anyone resisting state oppression can no longer claim protection. This is especially relevant when, as British General Rupert Smith tells us, modern warfare is rapidly moving away from the traditional inter-state model to what he calls a "new paradigm" – "war amongst the people" – in which "We fight amongst the people, not on the battlefield." A more popular term used by military people, "asymmetrical warfare," is perhaps more honest and revealing, since it highlights the vast power differential that exists between states and their militaries and the relative weakness of the non-state forces confronting them.
But "the people," those pesky "non-state actors," also have rights. Back in 1960, the UN General Assembly's Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples endorsed the right of peoples to self-determination and, by extension, their right to resist, even by armed force, "alien subjugation, domination and exploitation." The push-back by governments over the years, and certainly since 9/11, led by the US and Israel, has been to delegitimize the right of non-state actors to resist oppression. Thus, when Obama or the EU uphold Israel's right to defend itself, they do not include as part of that right that of an occupied people to defend itself. Indeed, non-state actors are cast as "terrorists" (the category into which Israel dumps all insurgents, revolutionaries and, by extension, any protesters threatening the powers-that-be), thus deprived of any legitimacy as "a side" to a conflict with whom negotiations are possible. When they seek the protection of international law, as did the people of Gaza, and take steps to hold state actors accountable for their illegal actions, they are engaging in what Israel defines as "lawfare": when "terrorists" employ international law as a weapon against democracies. Israel's campaign against lawfare attempts to cast non-state actors as the villains, of course, but "lawfare' best describes Israel's own efforts to bend IHL to its needs – a kind of asymmetrical lawfare to remove all constraints on states in their attempts to pursue wars against peoples.
Israel's lawfare campaign is led by two Israeli figures. One is Asa Kasher, a professor of philosophy and "practical ethics" at Tel Aviv University, the author of the Israeli army's Code of Conduct. Indeed, attaching a professional ethicist to the IDF provides the basis for Israel's oft-stated claim to have the "most moral army in the world." The second figure is Major General Amos Yadlin, former head of the IDF's National Defense College, under whose auspices Kasher and his "team" formulated the Code of Conduct, and today the head of Military Intelligence.
It is completely appropriate and understandable that Israel should be leading the campaign to remove the protections enjoyed by non-combatant civilians, Kasher vigorously asserts. "The decisive question," he says,
is how enlightened countries conduct themselves. We in Israel are in a key position in the development of law in this field because we are on the front lines in the fight against terrorism. This is gradually being recognized both in the Israeli legal system and abroad…. What we are doing is becoming the law. These are concepts that are not purely legal, but also contain strong ethical elements.
The Geneva Conventions are based on hundreds of years of tradition of the fair rules of combat. They were appropriate for classic warfare, where one army fought another. But in our time the whole business of rules of fair combat has been pushed aside. There are international efforts underway to revise the rules to accommodate the war against terrorism. According to the new provisions, there is still a distinction between who can and cannot be hit, but not in the blatant approach which existed in the past. The concept of proportionality has also changed….
I am not optimistic enough to assume that the world will soon acknowledge Israel's lead in developing customary international law. My hope is that our doctrine, give or take some amendments, will in this fashion be incorporated into customary international law in order to regulate warfare and limit its calamities.
In order to provide a philosophical basis for undermining the Principles of Distinction and Proportionality, Kasher and Yadlin put forward a "new doctrine of military ethics" based on their version of a "Just War Doctrine of Fighting Terror." Basically they privilege states in their conflicts with non-state actors by giving them the authority to deem an adversary "terrorist," a term lacking any agreed-upon definition in IHL, thereby depriving it of any legal protection. They define an "act of terror,"
as an act, carried out by individuals or organizations, not on behalf of any state, for the purpose of killing or otherwise injuring persons, insofar as they are members of a particular population, in order to instill fear among the members of that population ('terrorize' them), so as to cause them to change the nature of the related regime or of the related government or of policies implemented by related institutions, whether for political or ideological (including religious) reasons.
If we remove the words "not on behalf of any state," this definition of a terrorist act conforms precisely to Israel's Dahiya Doctrine. According to Major General Giora Eiland, attacks against Israel will be deterred by harming "the civilian population to such an extent that it will bring pressure to bear on the enemy combatants." Reducing a popular struggle to a series of discrete acts, moreover, makes it possible to label an entire resistance movement "terrorist" purely on the basis of one or more particular acts, with no regard to its situation or the justness of its cause. Once this is done, it is easy to criminalize non-state resistance, since terrorism is, in Kasher's words, "utterly immoral."
Israel's attempts to have the Iranian Revolutionary Guards declared a "terror organization," even though it is an agent of a state, shows the tendentiousness of Kasher's and Yadlin's philosophical definitions, since it does not fit into their very own "state/non-state" dichotomy. What, then, would prevent the international community from naming the IDF and various covert Israeli agencies such as the Mossad or the Shin Bet (the General Security Services) as "terror organizations"? The Goldstone Report itself concluded that Israel's offensive against Gaza during Operation Cast Lead was "a deliberately disproportionate attack designed to punish, humiliate and terrorize a civilian population."
Having de-legitimized state-defined "acts of terrorism," Kasher and Yadlin then go on to further legitimize state actions such as those taken by Israel against Hizbollah, Hamas or, indeed, all Palestinian resistance, by invoking "self-defense" – again, a claim which, according to Just War Theory and Article 51 of the UN Charter, only a state can make. In order to do so, they begin the narrative of events leading up to the attacks on Gaza with the discreet acts that the "terrorist" organization had done by launching rockets on Israel without any regard whatsoever for 47 years of occupation, 25 years of closure, seven years of a self-described regime of semi-starvation and the attacks on Hamas that preceded the rocket fire – or, for that matter, the right of Palestinians to resist "alien subjugation, domination and exploitation."
Kasher and Yadlin also imply that states cannot engage in terrorism – only because they are states which have a "legitimate monopoly" over the use of force. In fact, the non-state "terrorism from below" which so concerns them pales in scale when compared to "terrorism from above," State Terrorism. In his book Death By Government, R.J. Rummel points out that over the course of the 20th century about 170,000 innocent civilians were killed by non-state actors, a significant figure to be sure. But, he adds,
during the first eighty-eight years of this [20th] century, almost 170 million men, women and children have been shot, beaten, tortured, knifed, burned, starved, frozen, crushed or worked to death; buried alive, drowned, hung, bombed or killed in any other of the myriad ways governments have inflicted death on unarmed, helpless citizens and foreigners. The dead could conceivably be nearly 360 million people.
And that, written in 1994, does not include Zaire, Bosnia, Somalia, Sudan, Rwanda, Saddam Hussein's reign, the impact of UN sanctions on the Iraqi civilian population and other state-sponsored murders that occurred after Rummel compiled his figures. It also does not account for all the forms of State Terrorism that do not result in death: torture, imprisonment, repression, house demolitions, induced starvation, intimidation and all the rest.
"We do not deny," Kasher concedes, "that a state can act for the purpose of killing persons in order to terrorize a population with the goal of achieving some political or ideological goal." However, he adds,
when such acts are performed on behalf of a state, or by some of its overt or covert agencies or proxies, we apply to the ensuing conflict moral, ethical and legal principles that are commonly held to pertain to ordinary international conflicts between states or similar political entities. In such a context, a state that killed numerous citizens of another state in order to terrorize its citizenry would be guilty of what is commonly regarded as a war crime [italics added].
Kasher's caveat – "a state that killed numerous citizens of another state in order to terrorize its citizenry" – does not relate at all to a state that terrorizes its own citizens, and lets Israel off the hook, since the terrorized population of Gaza are not citizens of another state.
Israel's strategy of lawfare rests on repeating illegal acts while continuing to justify them with "new military ethics." "If you do something for long enough," says Colonel (res.) Daniel Reisner, former head of the IDF's Legal Department, "the world will accept it. The whole of international law is now based on the notion that an act that is forbidden today becomes permissible if executed by enough countries…. International law progresses through violations. We invented the targeted assassinations thesis [that extra-judicial killings are permitted when it is necessary to stop a certain operation against the citizens of Israel and when the role played by the target is crucial to the operation] and we had to push it. Eight years later it is in the center of the bounds of legality." "The more often Western states apply principles that originated in Israel to their own non-traditional conflicts in places like Afghanistan and Iraq," says Kasher, "then the greater the chance these principles have of becoming a valuable part of international law."
A few years ago (2005) the The Jerusalem Post published a revealing interview with an Israeli "expert in international law" who, choosing to remain anonymous, explained:
International law is the language of the world and it's more or less the yardstick by which we measure ourselves today. It's the lingua franca of international organizations. So you have to play the game if you want to be a member of the world community. And the game works like this. As long as you claim you are working within international law and you come up with a reasonable argument as to why what you are doing is within the context of international law, you're fine. That's how it goes. This is a very cynical view of how the world works. So, even if you're being inventive, or even if you're being a bit radical, as long as you can explain it in that context, most countries will not say you're a war criminal.
This, again, is serious stuff. Just as Israel exports its occupation – its weaponry and tactics of suppression – to such willing customers as US and European militaries, security agencies and police forces, so, too, does it export its legal expertise in manipulating IHL and its effective PR/hasbara techniques. Gaza itself represents little more than a testing ground for these varied instruments of suppression of Gaza. It is the globalization of Gaza that is a key Israeli export. Exports, however, need local agents to package the product and create a market for it in the local economy. Thus, B'nai Brith in the US spawned "The Lawfare Project" under the slogan "Protecting Against the Politicization of Human Rights" <http://www.thelawfareproject.org>, whose main strategy is to enlist prominent legal experts to delegitimize attempts to hold Israel accountable for its crimes under IHL.
Globalizing Gaza in both military and legal terms raises the slogan "we are all Palestinians" from one of political solidarity to literal accuracy. Its collolary also highlights a key element of international politics of which we must be keenly aware: our governments are all Israel.


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Actually sling is old mixed drink which made with strong spirit (like gin), water and sugar. This drink is no so popular today. This mixed drink continue now to its famous version – Singapore Sling.
One of the simplest recipe of Singapore Sling I found in one of my Salvatore Calabrese book. He notice that is not original version, but this recipe is so use.
Singapore Sling
40 ml gin
20 ml cherry-brandy liqueur
20 ml fresh lemon juice
Shake (except soda) and strain into collins glass. Add soda. Garnish with a lemon wedge and red maraschino cherry.
It is so dry cocktail with bitternes of cherry. The taste of this Singapore Sling depend on cherry-brandy. I use cherry-brandy liqueur by BOLS. Also I use famous Cherry Heering Liqueur by Peter Heering with great results.
The "Original" Singapore Sling is more compose drink. This version is average from two recipes from The Essential Bartender's Guide by Robert Hess and Vintage Spirits and Forgotten Cocktails by Ted Haigh with a hint of The Essential Cocktail by Dale Degroff :) .
The Singapore Sling
60 ml gin
20 ml cherry-brandy
10 ml Benedictine
10 ml Cointreau
60 ml unsweetened pineapple juice
20 ml fresh lime juice
2 dash real grenadine
1 dash Angostura bitters
soda (optional)
Shake (except soda) and strain into sling-glass. Add soda (optional). Garnish with an orange wedge and red maraschino cherry.
I use both cherry-brandy – BOLS Cherry and Cherry Heering – with similar results. The taste of this "Original" Singapore Sling depend on composition of Cointreau, Benedictine, cherry-liqueur etc. I use homemade-cold-process-real-pomegranate grenadine for this ultimate cocktail also.
The Singapore Sling has very unusual taste. The complex bitter and herbal palate is unique pleasure. It is cocktail for real gentleman and connoisseur.

subset: commoncrawl


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MySpace pages. Everything in the SkyMall catalogue. Another season of American Idol. All of these represent things that are marginally more useful than the 112th United States Congress, which is on track to be the least productive congress in memory. Having produced six times less legislation than the infamous "do-nothing Congress" of 1947–48, they are now poised to take off on a month-long summer break — a positively European amount of vacation — without having tackled important bills related to farming or the looming "fiscal cliff." Congressional dysfunction has been cited as the reason behind everything from the poor state of transportation infrastructure to the downgrade of the U.S. credit rating.
Which begs the question: what exactly are we paying for? The average congressman earns $174,000 a year, more than three-and-a-half times the U.S. median household income. For fiscal year 2013, it will cost an estimated $5.9 billion to operate Congress and the rest of the legislative branch. Salaries and benefits alone account for more than $2.5 billion of that sum. The latter is roughly the same amount we spend to staff NASA. Except NASA actually does stuff — like build rockets and launch them.
The solution? Outsourcing. Perhaps to a subcontractor with a blandly sinister name in Arlington or a nice call center in Bangalore or any place that will accomplish something beyond naming post offices — at a time when the postal service is slowly going broke.
(MORE: Why Politics Is Always About Ideology)
Jagdish Dalal is the founder of JDalal Associates, a small Connecticut-based firmthat specializes in management consulting in the area of outsourcing. He is also a managing director at the International Association of Outsourcing Professionals. A long-time U.S. citizen, he has worked on outsourcing for global behemoths such as PricewaterhouseCoopers and Xerox. He says that "when companies outsource they are looking for two things: results and value." With Congress delivering neither, Dalal agreed to review topline budget numbers for 2013 and provide TIME with a couple of outsourcing proposals.
The first: the American people could outsource legislative work to a private, U.S.-based contractor in the same way that some firms outsource their shipping needs to a company like UPS. Instead of paying salaries, maintaining buildings, constructing memorials and printing reports (the legislative branch loves to print, to the tune of $118 million in 2012), the American people could simply pay a pre-determined flat rate — no hourly billing allowed — to a private company.
To keep things simple, we could let the current legislature incorporate into a private entity, Congress, Inc., which we then hire for an agreed-upon list of services. The cost-savings would be significant (at least 20%, says Dalal), but the real payoff would come in terms of efficiency. "You create a manifest of everything you want to get done: health care, a farm bill, etc., and then you say to them, 'You don't get paid until the work gets done,'" explains Dalal. "There can be rewards for early completion and penalties for late performance. And if they don't get it done, they get nothing. It would be a real disincentive for filibustering." It would also be a real improvement over the current oath of office for members of Congress, which only requires them to defend the Constitution from ill-defined "enemies."
(MORE: Congress Wants the Love — For Doing Its Job)
Proposal #2 is more drastic. It involves downsizing D.C. and sending the bulk of operations offshore. Policy and legislative research, speech writing and constituent services could all be relocated to India, the Philippines, Poland or Costa Rica. "These are all countries with a skilled, educated work force," says Dalal. "They could do the work." And there is precedent for this: both the insurance and legal industries have long sent research operations overseas. The measure would bring down salary and benefits costs down by upwards of 30%.
As part of this model, our senators and representatives will be allowed to keep their jobs in the U.S. — but under a new status: part-time independent contractor. Between federal holidays, weekends and "recess," congress is in session for only a third of the year. For 2012, the House has 108 working days on the calendar; the Senate has yet to release a complete schedule. Since it's clearly a waste of our money to have these people milling around Washington, it's time to downsize. "If they're only going to work 100 days year, then it should be work for hire," says Dalal. "We certainly don't need to pay benefits, and it means we can cut their pay down to a third. This would give them an opportunity to get a second job." The biggest advantage: the average congressman would be obligated to live like the average American — no benefits, no job security. (Welcome to America, congress people!)
(MORE: The New Battle Over Voting Rights)
The move would also allow us to get rid of a few major line items: namely, that pricey neoclassical physical plant. In 2013, it will cost taxpayers an estimated $260 million to maintain the Capitol, as well as the House and Senate office buildings. And that's just the start of it: there is the Capitol power plant, the Capitol visitor center, the Capitol police buildings and, of course, the Capitol police themselves — the latter of which are costing us more than $300 million in salaries and other expenses. We certainly don't need to be spending this kind of cash so that a bunch of part-timers can bloviate on C-SPAN and be lobbied by K-Street. "There is Skype technology," says Dalal. "Teleconferencing is a very accepted way of working for many companies. Our representatives could work from their home office — literally, inside their home — and vote from there. Plus, it forces them to be near their constituents. My congressman Joe Lieberman is hardly ever here. This way, I will always know where he is."
By outsourcing Congress we can increase efficiency and, says Dalal, get an across-the-board savings of 20-30% — that's up to $1.8 billion. This would leave us with playing around money to throw at the debt, fund the National Endowment for the Arts or buy new toilet seats for the Pentagon. All worthier causes than Congress, who seem perfectly happy to fiddle as their constituencies burn.


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Last action: Referred to Criminal Jurisprudence
Author: J.E. Brown
Bill Analyses:
Committee Report (Senate Research Center)
Criminal Procedure--Posttrial Procedure
House Committee: Criminal Jurisprudence (Allen Place, Jim Dunnam, Jessica Farrar, Carolyn Galloway, Juan Hinojosa, Terry Keel, Joe Nixon, Arthur Reyna, Robert Talton)
Senate Committee: Criminal Justice (John Whitmire, Robert Duncan, Jane Nelson, Jerry Patterson, Florence Shapiro, Eliot Shapleigh, Royce West)
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This course from Lunds university will help you understand and use AI so that you can transform your organisation to be more efficient, more sustainable and thus innovative.
The lives of people all over the world are increasingly enhanced and shaped by artificial intelligence. To organisations there are tremendous opportunities, but also risks, so where do you start to plan for AI, business and the future of work?
Whether you are in the public or private sector, in a large organisation or a small shop, AI has a growing impact on your business. Most organisations don't have a strategy in place for how to make AI work for them.
The teacher, Anamaria Dutceac Segesten, will guide you through the topics with short lectures, interviews and interactive exercises meant to get you thinking about your own context.
12 industry professionals, AI experts and thought leaders from different industries have been interviewed and will complement the short lectures to give you a broad overview of perspectives on the topics. You will meet:
Kerstin Enflo
Professor in Economic History
Lund University
Dr. Irene Ek
Digital Institute
Samuel Engblom
Policy Director
The Swedish Confederation of Professional Employees
Pelle Kimvall
Lead Solution Ideator
Joakim Wernberg
Research Director, Digitalisation and Tech Policy
Swedish Entrepreneurship Forum
Marcus Henriksson
Empathic Leader of AI & Automation and Digital Business Development
Johan Grundström Eriksson
Board Advisor, Innovation Management & Corporate Governance
Founder & Chairman, aiRikr Innovation AB
Jakob Svensson
Professor in Media and Communication Studies
Malmö University
Ulrik Franke
Senior Researcher
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
Björn Lorentzon
Nordic Growth Lead
Anna Felländer
AI Sustainability Center
Prof. Fredrik Heintz
Associate Professor of Computer Science
Linköping University


text:
2024 Catalina 425
The 425 incorporates all of Catalina's hallmark features: a functional, spacious cockpit, a comfortable, carefully detailed interior, and all the 5 Series features that have redefined the Catalina brand.
The deck includes twin helms on performance pedestals with pre-stretched cables. The hull features six large fixed ports recessed into the hull for lots of light and visibility. A self-tacking jib and jib traveler are standard, and main and jib sheets are lead to the helm for efficient short-handed sailing. The forward owner's cabin features a large centerline berth with an elevating adjustable mattress. There are starboard and port aft cabins; the latter is easily convertible to a storage cabin with a "gull wing cockpit hatch". A central accessible mechanical space provides excellent access to primary engine, generator, water heater and air conditioners, which simplifies maintenance and inspections necessary for systems reliability.
Unique design features include a watertight StrikeZone™ collision bulkhead forward; DeepDefense™ rudder system for failsafe steering and a T-Beam MastStep™ structure, with all the benefits of a deckstepped mast and the strength of a keel-stepped mast. The SecureSocket™ mast support/chainplate system facilitates perfect load resolution and watertight integrity. Knitted fabrics create a stronger laminate without additional weight. Catalina's trademark lead keels absorb impact for safety and require less maintenance than other materials. All systems are designed following the recommendations and standards of the ABYC and IMCI to earn the highest rating of Category A - Unlimited Offshore.
Basic Boat Info
I : 55.75 ft
J : 15.67 ft
P : 52.00 ft
E : 18.00 ft


text: Article / 16 November 2012 Fight for Philippi: Cape farmland could lose ground to housing By Heidi Swart Facebook X Email LinkedIn WhatsApp For residents of the settlements Yet, despite research warning that the Philippi horticultural area, a mere 20-minute drive from the city centre, is crucial to the city's food security and particularly that of its poorest, the Western Cape department of environmental affairs and development planning opened the door for the rezoning of potential farmland to allow urban development. On the cards is an ambitious plan to build what has been called a "mini-city" of 20 000 homes, sparking fears that it will set a precedent for similar developments. About half of the carrots, cauliflower and lettuce supplied to the city comes from Philippi. The area also produces over 40 crops including coriander as well as cabbages and leeks. Philippi's proximity to Cape Town means the fresh produce can be delivered at a lower cost. The area is about 20km southeast of the city centre on the windswept Cape Flats on which also lie suburbs such as Mitchell's Plain, Nyanga, Khayelitsha and Manenberg. Some of the city's poorest residents live here. A portion of Philippi produce – often sold off the back of bakkies and at small shops – reaches low-income households throughout the Flats at more affordable rates than at supermarkets. But over the past two decades the horticultural area has been used increasingly for business and industry. According to the urban structure plan of 1988, a document setting out land use designation in Cape Town, the area can be used for horticulture as well as silica and sand mining. Sand mines occupy about 500 hectares in the south of the horticultural area, yielding high-grade silica sand for glass production and building sand. (David Harrison, M&G) Diversified land use In 1988 about 3 200 hectares were designated for horticultural use. Today, the city's spatial development framework shows that the size of the entire Philippi horticultural area has been reduced to about 2 370 hectares. The Schaapkraal smallholding area reflects the shift towards diversified land use. The 4 000m2 are divided into 140 smallholdings. According to the city, 41 smallholdings are used for construction and transport purposes, up from eight in 1992. Only four are used strictly for horticulture. The smallholdings stand in sharp contrast to the land of commercial farmers, most of whom are descendants of German settlers who have worked the land since the late 1800s. The area is well suited to farming. Much of the horticultural area consists of wetlands, underlain by the Cape Flats aquifer. The constant water supply and mild temperatures allow year-round crop growth. Informal settlements in the horticultural area are growing. The largest of these – Egoli and Jim se Bos – are about 20 years old. Cape Town's 2011 figures estimate that Egoli and Jim se Bos host about 350 and 300 homes respectively. Both are on private land. Egoli lies northeast of Schaapkraal. It was founded after a local man sold his farm and the farm workers settled next door. The land is owned by Cassim Alexander, who served eviction notices on residents in 2010, but they refused to move. Residents of Egoli often do not know where their next meal is coming from. On the day the Mail & Guardian visited, Ethel Xnontanla (56) was walking down Kraal Road with a 10kg bag of wood balanced on her head. She wore an old maroon jersey and a beanie to keep out the cold wind. She had to walk 2km to reach her shack in Egoli, where she made a fire in a rusted metal container on which to cook a meal of samp. Smoke billowed out of the door, only for the wind to nudge it back inside. "I don't work. My husband doesn't work. My child is sick. Next door gives me food," she said. Growing settlement Next door was Nicky Swartz (36). "Here in Egoli many people are jobless. There are a lot of children. Many people live off grants, but that isn't enough." Asked what the people eat, Swartz said: "For meat, maybe a small piece of derm (gizzards), or sheep's head. There are no vegetables now." It was lunchtime, but Ennie Kiewiets's (30) last meal had been the previous afternoon and consisted of chicken gizzards and porridge. "I have high blood pressure and a heart problem. I can't drink my pills if I don't eat. Last night they stole my food for the whole week. It was mealie meal and rice. I just nipped around the corner to the [spaza] shop." (David Harrison, M&G) The settlement keeps growing. "Last time we counted there were 790 shacks in Egoli," said Swartz, a number more than double that reported by the city in 2011. New residents included people who lost their homes in the nearby Cape Flats suburbs because they could no longer afford the rent, she said. Others came from other provinces. "Many come here to work," she said. Some work on the farms, others do piecemeal domestic work. But, said Swartz, many are still unemployed. The vegetables that grow on the nearby farms are a luxury, said Swartz. When people do buy vegetables, they purchase them from a bakkie that visits the area weekly. "But it is very expensive." It is cheaper than the supermarket, though. "For us, buying from the truck is much more reasonable than the hyper[market]. There, you pay about R35 for a 10kg pocket of potatoes and that doesn't take taxi fare into account. On the bakkie it is R25." Food security Egoli's people are part of a significant portion of Cape Town residents who face food insecurity. According to a survey of 1 060 low-income households conducted by the African Food Security Urban Network in 2008, 80% of respondents were food insecure. The study looked at various indicators of food insecurity, such as whether respondents went to sleep hungry, or whether there were times when there was no food in the house. A 2012 study by Rooftops Canada-Abri International and the African Food Security Network that examined the horticultural area's significance in sustaining food security within the Cape Town municipality found that without it the city would be "place[d] in extreme risk" of food insecurity, with low-income households suffering the most. A 2009 report commissioned by the city had similar findings. About 3.7-million people lived in Cape Town in 2010, which constituted 66% of the Western Cape's population, and the city's population has grown by 3% a year. A growing population will not only increase the demand for food, but also the need for housing and commercial development. It is this demand for urban development juxtaposed with sustainable farming in the Philippi area that gives Nazeer Sonday of the Schaapkraal Civic and Environmental Association grey hair. (David Harrison, M&G) Sonday is concerned that pressure for housing and industrial development, as well as illegal dumping and growing informal settlements are threatening the farmland on which this population depends for much of its nourishment. A small-scale farmer, he also serves on the horticultural area's ratepayers' association. At a ratepayers' meeting at the local country club on a Monday night, a local businessman said that he wanted his land rezoned from rural to commercial so he could use it as a retail space for hardware. One ratepayer wanted to know how much of it would be paint and how much of it would be hardware. The businessman had to give specifics: "It is mostly paint, but we are thinking of going into hardware." The ratepayer was still not satisfied and wanted to know whether the paint was water-based or solvent-based. The latter could pollute the aquifer. Proposed development The businessman insisted that there was a global move away from solvent-based paints and his shop was doing the same. In the end, the ratepayers rejected his application, despite his promises that he would create employment. But this was a minor rezoning issue, compared with a far bigger headache for the ratepayers – the proposed development in a 472-hectare area in the southeast corner. At present the area is being mined for sand. In 2008 a company by the name of Rapicorp 122, in whose name the land is registered, lodged an application with the provincial government to change the land-use designation of the 472 hectares from horticultural to urban. Rapicorp proposed about 172 hectares of 20 000 mixed-density housing units, 41 hectares for industrial use, 26 hectares for mixed use and 157 hectares for open space and conservation. An application to have land rezoned starts with a request to amend the 1988 urban structure plan. The application is reviewed by the city, which makes recommendations to the Western Cape department of environmental affairs and development planning, which has the final say. If the department approves it, an environmental impact assessment must take place and an application to rezone has to be lodged with the city. In 2009, following a research report that recommended the Philippi area be retained for horticultural uses, citing among its motivators food security and water supply, the city recommended that the 472 hectares be retained for horticultural purposes. (David Harrison, M&G) "We thought we'd won," said Sonday. But despite city recommendations, the province's environmental affairs department approved Rapicorp's application in 2011. Development does not appear to be imminent: Rapicorp is part of the Rocklands group now under curatorship following a Financial Services Board investigation. The 472 hectares are also still zoned as rural, which means Rapicorp will have to apply to the city for rezoning. The controlling director of the Rocklands Group, Wentzel Oaker, did not respond to questions. Structural plan But Sonday is still worried that the amendment to the structural plan means that development in the area remains a possibility and may have opened the door for other developments. His fears are not unfounded. In December 2011 a company called Exclusive Access Trading 570 lodged an application to have about 300 hectares next to the Rapicorp land designated for urban development. The government has not yet made a decision. The spokesperson for the Western Cape department of environmental affairs and development planning, Aziel Gangerdine, said the Rapicorp application was attractive because it proposed the creation of much needed economic growth and low-cost housing to address the housing shortage in the province. He said Rapicorp had argued that urban development would not necessarily negatively affect the sensitive ecological systems as long as it was managed correctly. In addition, said the department, a study found that significant capital investment would be required for conversion of the post-mining landscape into a sustainable horticultural production area. However, the department acknowledged that the need for food security was equally important to that of housing and the proposed development would permanently preclude food production. Before any development could take place, said Gangerdine, detailed planning had to occur with the buy-in of the city to prevent the potential threat of ad hoc approvals in the future. "It is important to note that the approval granted only permits the amendment of the structure plan. No development can go ahead in the area without the necessary processes being engaged." But developments are not the only threat to potential farmland. Sonday suspected that a truck leaving the Jim se Bos area in the middle of the day had just dumped a load of rubble on what was once a wetland. Sonday said this was the reason Jim se Bos kept growing. Informal settlements in the horticultural area A women sitting in front of her shack told the M&G a truck driver had just dumped a load of rubble outside her home and said they could use it to make the wetland ground solid and build another shack. "Why are you stressing?" she asked. Solly Malatsi, spokesperson for Cape Town mayor Patricia de Lille, said no informal settlements in the horticultural area were on city land and that it had no jurisdiction over private land. The land owner, Shaik Abdullah Parker, blamed the city for the influx of people, saying that it evicted residents from council houses on the Cape Flats in 1995 and they then drifted to his property. He said he had spent R100 000 paying the fire department to put out fires and owed them a further R250000, which he could not afford. In the meantime, the settlement keeps growing. Malatsi said people started moving on to Parker's land in 1997 and that they were from the surrounding farms. At the time, said Malatsi, the city advised Parker of his rights and the legal route available to him to have occupants evicted and his land protected from further invasion. 'No one comes to our aid' "The land owner declined the offer of help from the city at that time and declined the city's offer to install basic services on his land." Gangerdine said his department had not rehabilitated any land in the area because property owners were bound to ensure that activities on their land did not cause environmental harm. He said the department's role was to ensure that owners adhered to this. The department is currently embroiled in litigation with Parker. In the meantime, the battle for the Philippi horticultural area continues. A frustrated Achmat Brinkhuis is an emerging farmer on 22 hectares of Philippi horticultural area land who does not mince his words: "Everyone knows about our problems, but no one comes to our aid. Until the day they pay R50 for a cabbage." Heidi Swart is the Eugene Saldanha fellow in social justice reporting. Tags: Farm Labourers, Heidi Swart, Horticulture, Philippi, Western Cape


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Beijing based artist Wang Ruilin creates surreal animal sculptures. The animal that seem real but certainly do not act like animals. They carry mountains, oceans, cliffs and other miniature worlds we live in on their backs and antlers. The copper sculptures are inspired by Eastern classical painting that's been combined with past experiences and interpretations of the artist's dreams. His amazing journey as an artist began when he was 4 or 5 years old and got obsessed with a painting of a horse by the artist Xu Beihong.
'I seek harmony with nature', Ruilin on his work 'nature's greatness lies in her inclusion of everything on earth, while man's greatness lies in his perception of his own smallness. to find conformity to nature is my life attitude'. (via)
The shown pieces are from his on going series titled "Dreams" that were exhibited at the ART Beijing. To view more of his work go to website and Behance.


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May 14, 2020
During these times there will be a makerspace student engineer on-duty in the makerspace to help however we can. If you'd like one-on-one training in a new skill such as 3D modelling, or even tutoring in a STEM related topic; stop in as needed.
Make sure to check the location on this posting.
Makerspace Center
300 Ukrop Way
Room 224
Williamsburg, VA 23185


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We have thousands of new digital storytellers joining us for TweetChats, webinars and events with TSDIGS Digital Storytelling Challenge this month and many questions have been coming in! You can view some of the forum questions from last week here and chime in with your own questions anytime this week.
One of the most common questions is how much time will it take to produce your first digital story. This varies wildly depending on the people, the team, the equipment availability and how you tend to work so I can only tell you my personal experience with various platforms, in order from least amount of time needed to most amount of time and resources to produce your one minute story.
Time, software and other elements needed are mentioned here….feel free to ask questions and leave comments using the #TSDIGS tag so we can address them in events this week or join today's TweetChat at 11AM PST.
FLIP CAMERA: Less than one hour total time needed $$
Requires: Flip camera with the flip upload/edit software, time to cut your clips and put them in order, add a quick title card at beginning and end. Can be online to YouTube in an hour from first shooting footage if your shots are simple and require little editing. This is not a tool that looks extremely professional (HD camera lacks broadcast-quality sound and editing options) but this will get you online quickly to be more prolific. Similar tools exist for mobile phones and some platforms have video editing apps available at low cost.
XTRANORMAL, MOVIESTORM & ANIMOTO: One hour to produce a short animated video $
I have primarily used XTRANORMAL but there are many tools that allow you to make quick online movies using your existing images, content or script. With XTRANORMAL I spent a few minutes scripting it out, blocked out movements and animation prompts and did a few iterations in under an hour, uploading it to YouTube at the hour mark. This media works well for humor or for making complex ideas simple.
FLICKR PHOTO COLLECTION: 2-5 hours to produce a 5 photo slide set $
Plan to spend more time curating, fixing, adding text or watermarks in Photoshop and cleaning up your images prior to upload. Taking photos is fairly easy and straightforward but the greatest artists in this arena work with their raw material and help it tell the story more vividly through juxtaposition, composition, additional text & descriptions along with tags and online tools for telling the details of your story, like geolocation and the people featured in your photos.
MACHINIMA: 6-15 hours to produce a short animated/mixed media short video $$
My practice with machinima was to shoot it live using IShowUHD in Second Life and get the energy of what's happening in the moment (like improv), not overscripting but making sure all characters know what to expect and what questions to answer in their voiceovers. I record VO separately using Audio Hijack and edit pieces together, aiming to have projects take me less than a day's worth of work, or a few hours spread out over a week. Well produced shorts by Draxtor take more time and more attention to post-production after your shoot.
DIY HD VIDEO: 4-48 hours to produce a short live action video $$$
This wildly varies based on time scripting, how many scenes, how complicated of an edit, are you waiting for special pieces like voiceover or music from someone who is hard to reach? I need at least an hour to polish a short script, an hour to shoot and an hour to edit for upload as minimum but expect that your first video story may take a few afternoons: one day for scripting, one day for shooting the essentials, at least one or two for editing and iterations with room for pickup shots and photoshopping art for title cards. If you will be editing and showing a rough cut to your team prior to uploading a final cut plan for an extra day or two for rewrites and changes as you find your voice.
ANIMATION: 3-555 hours to produce a short animated video featurette $$-$$$$$
Depending on the software you are using and the complexity of your content this can be done in an afternoon or can be produced by dozens of people over the course of weeks. Googledocs, Photoshop and other non-traditional animation tools can make animation available to everyday users without paying for expensive 3D programs like Maya, while AfterEffects and common animation tools for video are more expensive than most DIY solutions and require a professional-level user to make high quality content.
PRODUCED HD VIDEO FOR BROADCAST: 14 days – 90 days with a professional production company $$$$$
Most large nonprofits hire companies that act as production studios for their PSAs and broadcast-ready content. A professional producer/writer/director team will want to meet with your nonprofit team for at least 3-5 sessions where script, shooting details and iterations will be discussed. This is very difficult to pull off in a short amount of time unless there is a focused team that understands tight TV schedules with quick turnaround needs.
Are you curious about other methods, platforms, software or digital storytelling tools? Leave us a comment here so we're able to share the resources most needed for your team! Remember to enter by January 31st to join the TSDIGS Digital Storytelling Challenge in 2011.
Written by: InKenzo


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Bible Verses Dishwasher Safe White Mugs - Philippians 4:13 (Design 12)
Regular price
Shipping calculated at checkout.
This high quality ceramic white mug has a premium hard coat that provides crisp and vibrant color reproduction sure to last for years. Perfect for all hot & cold beverages.
Specially designed by our designers, these beautiful coasters can only purchased from our store.
• Processed and printed in U.S.A / U.K / Australia
• High Gloss + Premium White Finish
• ORCA Coating
• Dishwasher and Microwave Safe
11oz Mug
• 3.7″H x 3.7″W x 3.2″D
• 10.2″ Circumference
15oz Mug
• 4.5″H x 4.5″W x 3.4″D
• 10.75″ Circumference


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- All ShoesChildren love parties its official and what do you need for a party, you need party shoes. Here at the Sparkle Club we have a fabulous range of girls sparkly party shoes in lots of colours including pink and red as well as lots of materials. With our online catalogue, your shopping is simplified and yet there is no compromise on choice with heels, ballerinas, sandals and casual footwear all available for the Princess in your life. We have a team of award winning designers who create party ballerina and heeled shoes exclusively for us and for you. We understand that young girls love to dress up for a special occasion and our designers create and source exciting girl special occasion shoes for us and for you. They are constantly innovating and improving so as to keep up with the latest trends and to keep your little girl in the loop of the latest fashion. However no matter what we always have pink shoes in stock, we love pink at The Sparkle Club and our range includes pink canvas shoes, heels, ballerinas, boots and slippers. Sparkly party shoes make a fabulous gift for a young girls birthday, Christmas with our…
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Shoe Styles
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- Heeled ShoesYoung girls love to feel grown up when they are dressing up in their finery and what better way than a pair of heeled shoes especially for parties and special occasions. Here at The Sparkle Club we have a lovely range of sparkly heeled girl's shoes, available on line only, in both traditional and quirky colours and materials. Many of our range of girls heel shoes are designed exclusively for our own Sparkle Club brand.
- Shoe and Bag SetsSomething extra special for your flower girl or bridesmaid. A beautiful pair of shoes with a matching bag, pretty hairband and a unique fairy gift. Low heeled shoes and ballerina pumps in white and ivory – satin or PU all with a touch of sparkle. Make yours and your flower girls day just perfect. You can also view our range of bridesmaid shoes here or view our range of beautiful flower girl shoes
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- Ballerina ShoesIf you are looking for girls ballerina shoes with sparkle and style alongside comfort all at a reasonable price then take a look at our cute range of flat ballet style girls shoes. Pick from our beautiful range of glittery shoes and satin ballerina shoes designed for any special occasion. Time to party and sparkle. Young girls party shoes in different colours with fabulous trims are all here for you to view and choose. We have sourced lovely glitter materials and taken care to match the trims on our girls party ballerina shoes, blue, gold, red and of course lots of pink are just a few examples. Some of the trims are detachable – 2 styles in one!
- Sparkly TrainersSparkly trainers are suitable for every occasion, including taking the family out for dinner, theatre shows, popping into the shop, or nature walks. At the Sparkle Club, we know the value of a good pair of girls' shoes, which is why we carry a wide range of trendy trainers including canvas shoes, skater shoes, and pumps!
- BootsLooking for cosy sparkly boots, or something for back-to-school? Whatever it is, we'll have it right here at the Sparkle Club! Our girls boots shoes are super cool and effortlessly smart, and most of our pairs are highly versatile too – so she can wear them during a special occasion, or just when she's out and about having fun!
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Shoe Colours
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- PinkWhat girl doesn't love pink? We have a great range of pink girls sparkly shoes here at The Sparkle Club, with new styles coming in each season! There's a huge range of colours and shoes to choose from, whether you're looking for vibrant and energetic trainers or skater shoes – so she stays comfortable when running around – or beautiful occasion shoes in more delicate shades, ideal for parties, weddings and flower girl occasions.
- Ivory and WhiteA child's first holy communion or confirmation is a cause for celebration and should be beautiful and memorable. It is a time when a child begins the journey to become a young lady. After all the weeks of studying the meaning of communion or confirmation it is time to dress up with your friends and family and celebrate.
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- SilverSparkly shoes for girls are beautiful in all colours, but silver styles of sparkle shoes for girls are particularly timeless – and always popular with the younger and older princesses in your life!
- RedIts party time! And what more could a young girl wish for than red sparkly party shoes for dressing up and special occasions? We've got lots to choose from here at the Sparkle Club, from bright eye-catching ballerina shoes and occasion shoes, to darker and even more elegant velvet red shoes.
- GoldGold sparkly shoes for children are perfect for giving a particularly elegant touch to any outfit, and they're a popular choice for weddings and other special occasions since they're often a beautiful match for any colour scheme. Here at the Sparkle Club we've got shoes for all seasons, from gold low heeled party shoes to open toed gold sandals for enjoying the summer sunshine!
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- Occasion
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- WeddingGoing to a wedding…we have girls special occasion shoes from baby to young lady. If you are looking for something unusual which can't be found on the high street then look no further, our design team have created girls wedding shoes with elegance and style in mind which are exclusive to The Sparkle Club.
- Flower GirlsPlanning a wedding can be such a stressful time so please let us help. Here at The Sparkle Club we have selected a range of flower girl shoes to suit all ages in lots of colours and styles including low heeled shoes.
- Party
- Girls Gift SetsIdeal presents for the princess in your life. We have put together packages of beautiful girls party shoes and accessories that we think match for a perfect gift. Sparkly pink shoes with matching over the body girls handbag, with a pretty hairband and hair clip. Red ballerinas just Like Dorothy wore with a matching bag and pretty red hair accessories. Just two of our ideas and there is a saving if you buy a bundle!
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- Communion
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- BridesmaidTis the season of love and weddings! If you are planning a wedding as a bride, groom, parent or a friend we can help with selecting your young bridesmaid shoes. Here at The Sparkle Club UK we have selected a range of bridesmaid shoes in heels and ballerinas suitable for toddlers up to older girls – infant size 4 to older girl 4. We are a UK based company and have ranges of ivory bridesmaid shoes, pink bridesmaid shoes, silver bridesmaid shoes, glittery shoes and lots of other colours too many to mention. We are continually updating our range with new styles every season in satins and sparkly PU's. If you are having a traditional wedding then our white and ivory bridesmaid shoes would be perfect. If you are matching coloured dresses then take a look at our other colours with pink bridesmaids shoes in various shades, as well as reds and blues. For a colour which would go with any colour of dress then browse our selection of silver shoes. Our shoes all have extra padded in socks and adjustable fastenings to ensure a comfortable and secure fit all day long. We understand how stressful planning a wedding can…
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Shoe Accessories
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- HairbandsGirls pretty hairbands for any occasion, from party to everyday Alice bands for girls who love to dress up. Our headbands are available in a great range of colours, spanning from blue and pink red and traditional white. Many also have lots of little finishing touches like crowns, flowers and little glitter ears! You'll be sure to find what you're looking for here at the Sparkle Club, whether you're after a fun piece to jazz up her casual style, or something more understated and elegant for a special occasion like a wedding or a christening.
- Hair ElasticsA great range of fun and pretty girls hair accessories, girls hair elastics and ponios to match any outfit! There are lots of colours and styles to choose from here at the Sparkle Club, with hair accessories that are perfect for adding those finishing touches to an outfit for a traditional special occasion like a wedding or a christening, as well as wonderful accessories for girls who love parties, or just like to dress up! If you've got any questions or you're looking for something in particular, don't hesitate to get in touch with us, and we'll be happy to help however we can.
- Hair Bows and ClipsWe have girls hair slides for all occasions, great for parties and special occasions, or just dressing up! Our hair slides and clips are available in a range of colours – from blues, whites, pinks and wonderfully pretty rainbow shades – so that your little princess can look beautiful in any look she chooses, giving her all the cuteness and confidence she needs! If you've got any queries about any of our products, or you're on the lookout for something in particular, don't hesitate to get in touch with us here at the Sparkle Club. We're happy to help however we can.
- Back to School Accessories
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- PursesPretty purses for girls ideal gift for all those girls to pop in their bags when out on a special occasion.
- HandbagsSpecial occasions deserve special accessories and young girls who love sparkle and style will love our girls handbags, they not only have a contemporary look but are also wonderfully appealing to every budding princess. Our girls handbags are ideal for a young girl going to a party, any special occasion or just for dressing up! A young girl will feel very grown with one of our pretty handbags. In our range of girls handbags we have included shoulder bags, over the body, clip tops and drawstring styles in lots of colours with sparkle on every one.
- Back PacksGreat range of childrens backpacks and lunch bags for school or play, ideal for any little girl who wants colour and fun to carry their private things in. We have matching pencil cases and water bottles too.
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- Sparkle Shoes
- Wedding ShoesGoing to a wedding? If you're looking for beautiful footwear, you're in exactly the right place – we have girls special occasion shoes from baby to young lady. And if you're looking for something unusual which can't be found on the high street, then look no further. Our in-house design team have created girls wedding shoes with elegance and style in mind which are exclusive to The Sparkle Club.
- WeddingsWeddings are so exciting to plan and to attend especially for a young girl who loves to dress up. Here at The Sparkle Club we have a selected a range of girls wedding shoes for girls in colours, materials and styles for all the Princesses out there. We add new styles to our selection of girls shoes each season looking at fashion trends and colours to sit alongside our more traditional childrens bridesmaid shoes which are available in ivory and white. Of course, as our brand name suggests we always add a touch of sparkle to our sparkly shoes! Beautiful Bridesmaid Shoes For Girls Comfort is always a must when selecting child bridesmaid shoes or wedding shoes as they must be worn all day and even into the night and no one wants an upset young lady on this big day. We have made sure all our girls shoes have adjustable fastenings either buckles or touch and close and extra padded in socks. There are soft edgings and ankle support for a secure and comfortable fit of our wedding shoes for girls. We also understand that this can be an expensive time so offer our bridesmaid shoes for girls at…
- ShoesGoing to a wedding…we have girls special occasion shoes from baby to young lady. If you are looking for something unusual which can't be found on the high street then look no further, our design team have created girls wedding shoes with elegance and style in mind which are exclusive to The Sparkle Club. We think dressing up for a special occasion is really exciting at any age and especially for young princesses so within our range of girls wedding shoes we have included colours which will go with any outfit. Glitters in shades of pink, silver, white, red, gold and green……beautiful satins in pale pinks, ivory, white and purple…… heels and ballerinas available with detachable trims; all to create a very special look for a special day.
- BagsPlanning a wedding is one of the most stressful times for the main people involved and it is so important to get things just right. We can help we have girls wedding shoes, dresses and hair accessories and in this section bridesmaid bags. Our range includes satins and glitters in lots of shapes and colours. The best seller from our bridesmaid bags selection is the traditional dolly drawstring bag made in luxurious ivory satin decorated with ivory satin flowers around the top, perfect to carry the rose petals in for flower girls to scatter as they walk up the aisle aaahhh! We also match some of our bridesmaid bags to our bridesmaid shoes to finish off the whole outfit to perfection. Here at The Sparkle Club we offer a 30 day no quibble returns policy and a postage paid label comes with your order. We also have free postage for orders over £25 so choose as many as you like and then return the ones you don't want for free. We hope you love our girls bridesmaid bags as much as we do!
- JewelleryPlanning a wedding, chosen your perfect young bridesmaid and now you would like to buy her a gift – what better than a special piece of bridesmaid jewellery. We have a Children's range of 925 sterling silver jewellery perfect for a young bridesmaid. All our silver jewellery is solid 925 (92.5% silver and 7.5% other metals) sterling silver with E-coated finishing (hypoallergenic, clear coating to protect the jewellery from tarnishing). The 925 sterling silver bridesmaid jewellery conforms to International, European and American legislation regarding lead, nickel and heavy metal content, products are regularly tested to ensure compliance with these laws. Our bridesmaid jewellery range includes necklaces, earrings for pierced ears and bracelets all of which come in a silver cushioned gift box. We selected styles that children love – ballet shoes with sparkly pink crystals, butterfly's in blue and mermaids matching necklace and earrings to name a few. Take at a look at our range of young bridesmaid jewellery and even bridesmaids shoes all at very reasonable prices.
- GiftsPretty gifts for the bridesmaid or flower girl at your wedding. To round off a princesses day we have selected beautiful items to give as a gift to keep forever to remind them of a very special day for everyone. Flower girl and bridesmaid gifts with a difference. You can also browse our range of girls bridesmaid shoes here and our range of beautiful flower girl shoes.
- Flower Girl Hair AccessoriesBought the dresses and the flower girls shoes – now you need flower girl hair accessories to finish off the whole outfit. We have selected a range of hair accessories for flower girls with beauty and fashion in mind and all at reasonable prices. Our flower girl headbands are in a range of colours – pastel shades for spring and summer weddings or perhaps dark blue velvet for an autumn one. We also have pretty bows and clips in our flower girl hair accessories range.
- Wedding StationeryPlanning a wedding …what an exciting time in your life. Lets start with a wedding planner and go from there. There is so much to think about and you don't want to forget anything. We have a pretty range of wedding stationery form planners to guest books. We are adding new products all the time.
- JewelleryFor every young girls special day a piece of silver jewellery will finish off her outfit and make her feel very grown up. We have selected a number of pretty items of childens silver jewellery perfect for birthdays, weddings, Christmas or just for a gift to say I love you. Here at The Sparkle Club we offer a wide range of fashionable childrens silver jewellery which we have chosen with young girls in mind. Whatever the occasion or just for every day wear we are sure to have the perfect piece.
- OffersThis years 12 DAYS OF CHRISTMAS CAMPAIGN is now on. Each day we will add a new offer until on the 9th December there will be loads of great offers to help with unique gifts for girls. 10% off 11 silver earrings, 10 half price hair accessories, 15% off 9 sparkly shoes gift sets, 20% off 8 JoJo necklaces, 7 Jewellery Boxes with a Free Necklace, 6 Lockable Diaries with Free Lip Gloss, 5 Hanging Plaques at £7.50, 4 Gold and Silver Shoes with Free Hair Clips, 3 Red Shoes with Free Red Hair Clips, 2 Blue Shoes with 25% off and our Fab new High Top at just £15 !!
- GiftsIt is party time for your princess and she needs sparkle and we have lots of unusual gifts for her! Hosting a party we have children's presents perfect prizes for the day as well as ideal girls gifts for the party bags. If you are going to a party we have great gifts to take as a girls present – sparkly and reasonably priced. Girls birthday and Christmas sparkly presents. Our customer Sue H said: 'I ordered a 'fairy' birthday greeting, some 'ballet shoe' hair bobbles and a tin for sparkly things, for my granddaughter. They came on time, nicely packaged. There are so many unique gifts on offer. I will definitely be ordering from The Sparkle Club again.'
- Silver JewelleryFor every young girls special day a piece of silver jewellery will finish off her outfit and make her feel very grown up. We have selected a number of pretty items of childens silver jewellery perfect for birthdays, weddings, Christmas or just for a gift to say I love you. Here at The Sparkle Club we offer a wide range of fashionable childrens silver jewellery which we have chosen with young girls in mind. Whatever the occasion or just for every day wear we are sure to have the perfect piece.
- Childrens Sparkly GiftsPretty gift sets, perfect presents and you save money!
- Girls BagsYoung girls like to feel grown up on days out, parties and holidays and what better way to finish off perfect outfits than fashionable and fun pretty girls handbags.
- Childrens Art & Craft GiftsSparkly craft gift for young girls to make themselves, Colouring sets.
- Communion and Confirmation GiftsCelebrate this unique occasion with a beautiful symbolic gift! A young girl's Holy Communion or confirmation is a very special day in her life and deserves an equally special gift, so at the Sparkle Club we take care to stock a great range of wonderful gifts, all carefully chosen so that they're perfectly appropriate for the occasion.
- £10 and UnderSparkly Gifts for children £10 and under
Key People
We love all things sparkly
Here at The Sparkle Club we have a dedicated team who love all things sparkly. We have a mixture of young and old bringing both experience and enthusiasm to create a productive and innovative atmosphere and of course lots of fun. Working together to bring happiness to the Princesses in your lives.
Managing Director with overall responsibility for the Sparkle Club. Jane's background is in finance and she studied marketing later in her career. Her specific roles include managing the design team in the sourcing of materials and creation of fabulous fun fashion styles. Sourcing new products and the marketing of the business.
Janes loves her dog Bobby
Customer Service Manager with responsibility for ensuring all orders are sent promptly and looking fabulous as well as all aspects of customer care. Andrea is passionate about the business and has had years of experience in ensuring customers are happy. She loves our Trust pilot reviews.
Andrea loves her cat Lanky
Social Media Manager with responsibility for all our social channels. He is an expert on all things digital and has channelled his inner sparkle to make sure you all enjoy and interact with our daily posts. He loves feedback and hearing from customers.
Richard loves his snake Reggie
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I have never read a comic book in my life. To the many of you who are now automatically writing off my opinions on the Batman movies, let me please remind you that I'm writing about movies. I respect comics as an art form, and they have been fodder for some great movies (namely Superman, the Spider-Man trilogy, Ghost World, and that's literally it) but the truth is, I don't really know a thing about comics. I do love the idea of them, though. What's not to love? I like heroes and villains and crazy costumes.
When I was a little kid I loved Batman. I got into the campy Batman TV show when I was about four and started collecting Batman action figures. I remember when the cartoon came out, it was the coolest thing I'd ever seen. At the time, I was too young to see Tim Burton's Batmans. They came out when I was three and five, respectively. And by the time they were age-appropriate for me, I had already moved on to dinosaurs and Spielberg.
Like everybody though, I have seen all of the Batman movies. Unlike everybody, I know that the only one that is good is Batman Forever. I'll explain, but first, I have a lot to say about the other Batman movies, and I'd rather just say all them all here in one long, meandering essay than have to write separate ones.
Continue reading A Delicious Batman Smoothie


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When Kimberly Dudik ran for her fourth term in the Montana House, state officials told her she could not use campaign money to pay for child care for her four young children.
She is now running for attorney general and is trying to visit a big chunk of the sprawling state, spending hours on the road. That means she needs even more help picking up her kids at school and day care when she's away and her husband has a late night at the office.
"It just seems behind the times," Dudik, whose family is living off her husband's income and savings from her work as a lawyer. "When it was a man campaigning, the woman was traditionally the one to stay home and take care of the children. There is not someone home just taking care of the kids."
Experts predict a large number of women will again run for office in 2020 like they did in 2018, and child care remains a hurdle for many of them.
A congressional candidate in New York successfully petitioned the Federal Election Commission in 2018 to allow campaign money to help cover child care costs. But it applies only to those running for federal office.
That leaves women in many states who are running for the Legislature, statewide positions like attorney general or local offices to find another way to pay for child care as they campaign, which often requires night and weekend work.
Only six states have laws specifically allowing campaign money to be used for child care. Five states are considering it. In most states, including Montana, the law is silent on the issue and up to interpretation by agencies or boards. Agencies in at least nine states have allowed child care to be a campaign-related expense, but those decisions are not law and could be reversed.
Utah law
Utah is among the states that passed a gender-neutral child care expense law, which went into effect last May. Sponsored by Republican state Rep. Craig Hall, it easily passed the GOP-dominated legislature.
Luz Escamilla was one of the first candidates to use it as she campaigned to become the first Latina mayor of Salt Lake City. Escamilla had to take time off from her full-time banking job to knock on doors and shake hands as she made her case to voters.
Without a paycheck, it was hard to cover the cost of child care for her two youngest daughters. After the law was passed, she used about $1,500 in campaign cash over two months to help pay for it. The extra time she could spend campaigning helped propel her to a spot in the general election, though she lost in November.
"Full-time campaigning during the summer with toddlers, it makes it really difficult," Escamilla said, adding of the law: "It was a great tool in our toolbox."
Other states
Lawmakers in Minnesota added child care as an allowable expense in 2018, while Colorado, New York, New Hampshire and California passed laws in 2019.
Before Colorado allowed campaign cash to be used for child care, Amber McReynolds, a former chief elections official in Denver, was contemplating a bid for statewide office in 2017. The costs of child care were a considerable concern as a single mother of two young children.
For that and other reasons, McReynolds decided against running.
"When we look at the statistics in terms of representatives in Congress or statewide office and you don't see single moms in that category, that's why," said McReynolds, who's CEO of a nonprofit. "The circumstances are just that much more difficult when you are in politics."
The policy also can help fathers running for office in families where both parents work.
Jean Sinzdak, associate director of the Center for American Women and Politics at Rutgers University, said the record number of women who ran for office in 2018 has helped drive the issue. Still, lawmakers in a number of states have resisted the change.
In Tennessee, the sponsor of a measure to add child care to the list of approved campaign expenses faced a skeptical audience during a subcommittee hearing last spring.
"If they aren't running for office because they can't find child care, how are they going to do the job down here?" asked state Rep. John Crawford, a Republican from Kingsport, Tennessee.
The sponsor, Democratic state Rep. Jason Powell, said he introduced the proposal after people he tried to recruit to run for City Council in Nashville declined because child care needs kept them from campaigning.
"I hate that people in our state feel like they can't run for office because they may or may not be able to use their campaign funds for a child care expense," Powell said.
The measure failed to advance after a split vote of the all-male subcommittee.
Louisiana reversal
In Louisiana, Democratic state House candidate Morgan Lamandre had her request denied by the state ethics board even though it allowed a Republican man to claim campaign-related child care expenses in 2000. Members, who were not on the panel two decades ago and didn't have to follow the previous decision, said they were concerned it could be abused.
After a backlash, the board reversed itself.
While she's used campaign funds to pay for child care a few times, Lamandre said it's not a panacea for smaller races where candidates might have to choose between paying a baby-sitter or buying basics like lawn signs.
"It's helpful, but it's not a slam-dunk," she said.
'Time to remove the roadblocks'
Liuba Grechen-Shirley, who unsuccessfully ran for Congress on eastern Long Island and whose FEC petition led to child care expenses being allowed for federal candidates, started a group called Vote Mama to help mothers running for public office and hopes one day the expense is allowed in every state.
States now considering proposals include New Jersey, Illinois, Ohio, Rhode Island and Massachusetts.
Caitlin Clarkson Pereira tried a similar approach to Grechen-Shirley's, but ended up suing Connecticut after a board denied her request. She was told she couldn't use campaign money to pay for child care for her young daughter during her state House race in 2018, which she ultimately lost.
Connecticut officials cited a program that allows candidates to tap taxpayer money after they raise a certain amount on their own. With public money involved, the state says child care should be considered a personal expense.
Pereira argued that it should be considered as necessary as meals or travel.
"This is the time to remove the roadblocks that are clearly in the way of parents and families being able to run for office," she said.
Despite an eleventh-hour push last year by Connecticut Gov. Ned Lamont, lawmakers failed to pass the policy.
Dudik, the Montana candidate, said the lack of these laws shows the need to have more women in power so policies can be changed.
"If we want more women running for office, we need to make allowances to make that a reality and not just give lip service to it," she said.


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RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC – June 11, 2012: Lenovo (HKSE: 992) (ADR: LNVGY) today introduced Lenovo Mobile Access, a flexible, no-contract mobile broadband service that gives consumers and business users greater choice and flexibility when connecting to valued online services. Lenovo Mobile Access provides pre-connected, always-on, customizable connectivity to the Internet and corporate networks, making it an ideal solution for users who need access to online content, applications and services away from their home, office or public Wi-Fi hotspots. Powered by a scalable cloud-based platform from Macheen Inc., the service is now embedded across select models of the ThinkPad product line and available immediately in the United States and nine European countries.
"We live in world where it's not only undesirable to be without online access, it's often disruptive to businesses. For that reason we wanted to create a flexible mobile broadband solution that would be unparalleled in its ability to help business users stay connected and working," said Dilip Bhatia, vice president and general manager, ThinkPad Business Unit, Lenovo. "Fundamentally, Lenovo Mobile Access gives individual and corporate customers options to determine how, when and where they want to connect with online applications and services, all at a price that fits their budget."
Designed to fit the needs of both individual and "prosumer" customers, Lenovo Mobile Access delivers broadband connectivity that's available anytime, anywhere yet users pay only for the access they need. Flexible, no-contract payment options let casual users buy a "Time Pass" for as little as USD 1.95 for 30 minutes or USD 8.95 for one day1—perfect to quickly sync email or ensure online access during travel. Users with more frequent connectivity requirements, or who work with large media files can purchase monthly plans with 2GB or 6GB of data access, along with the option for automatic monthly renewal. Businesses can leverage the same pay-as-you-go options, helping them reduce the cost of mobile broadband connectivity with right-sized access that can be extended to large numbers of individual employees.
Business customers can also take advantage of intelligent features designed to streamline device management, increase security and productivity for mobile employees, and reduce operational expenses. All ThinkPad laptops with embedded mobile broadband connectivity ship with Lenovo Mobile Access pre-activated as the default configuration. A single SIM is used for global access, enabling mass roll-out capabilities over a secure connection. Web-based policy management tools let IT administrators customize permissions and access options by services or application, for the whole company, specific workgroups, or individual users. Simple payment options allow centralized, single-payer end-of-month billing for corporate arrangements.
"To date, connectivity has been 'off the rack' and one-size fits all—too many mobile users are forced to squeeze into a mobile broadband contract that gives them either more or less connectivity than they need, or they go without entirely," said Richard Schwartz, president and CEO, Macheen. "With service by Macheen, Lenovo Mobile Access lets users trade ill-fitting plans for tailored connectivity featuring pay-as-you-go rates and customized access for any device, application and user. Quite literally, it's access to cloud-based content, services and applications that fits the way users work and live, meaning virtually all ThinkPad users can enjoy the value of true mobility."
Pricing and Availability2
Lenovo Mobile Access is available immediately in select models of ThinkPad Classic and ThinkPad Edge laptops equipped with a 3G module. At launch, the service is available in the United States, UK, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Austria, Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands. Contract-free time passes are available in the following increments and data allotments: 30 minutes (30MB), 1 day (200MB), 1 month (2GB) and 1 month (6GB). Auto-renewable, bandwidth-specific monthly plans are also available for data allotments of 200MB, 2GB and 6GB. Country-specific pricing information is available on the Lenovo Mobile Access control panel.
About Lenovo
1 Lenovo Mobile Access rate plans are priced on a country-specific basis. Detailed pricing information for Lenovo Mobile Access session plans is available on the Lenovo Mobile Access control panel.
2 Prices do not include tax or shipping and are subject to change without notice and is tied to specific terms and conditions. Reseller prices may vary. Price does not include all advertised features. All offers subject to availability. Lenovo reserves the right to alter product offerings and specifications at any time without notice.


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EMAIL \ firstname.lastname@example.com •
Brief Bio
Karan Singh described me as "the cracking whip behind the Depthcore beast". It's fairly accurate, as I spend just as much time talking with our members, developing our chapters as I do making art to put in them. Hobbies / InterestsBanana Bread, Smart Sharpen. |
"" |
- Our Work Chapters of Sights,
Sounds & Intrigue - Labs Studies,
in brief - Our Artists Nerds, Knaves
& Broads - News & Updates Latest Projects,
Plans & Plots - About Us History, Fables &
Life Lessons


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Arkansas Notary Bond
What is a notary bond?
A notary bond is a three-party obligation. The bonding company guarantees to the Arkansas Secretary of State's office that it will pay, on behalf of a commissioned Arkansas notary, any losses incurred by the public up to $7,500 during the notary's commission term. The surety company will then demand reimbursement from the notary in the event of such paid losses.
Who needs an Arkansas notary bond?
Arkansas law requires individuals applying for or renewing a notary commission to maintain a ten-year, $7,500 notary bond during their notary commission term as a guaranty that the notary will perform his or her notary duties faithfully.
Where can I purchase a bond?
Arkansas law requires notaries to purchase an Arkansas notary bond in the amount of $7,500 from a licensed surety company authorized to do business in Arkansas. For your protection, all of our bonds are written by CNA Surety, one of the nation's largest surety companies, which maintains the highest reputation in customer satisfaction and claim-handling service. You can purchase a notary bond from AAN by clicking on the button below.
How do I file my notary bond with the Arkansas Secretary of State?
You are required to submit your Arkansas notary bond at the same time that you are completing the notary application on the secretary of state's website.
Arkansas notary bonds and errors and omissions insurance policies provided by this insurance agency, the American Association of Notaries, Inc., are underwritten by Western Surety Company (established 1900). Kal Tabbara is a licensed insurance agent in Arkansas.


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KIDS MINI LAPTOP BAG - Navy/Red
WILLOW BAY KIDS COLLECTION - Kids Mini Laptop Bag - NAVY/RED
Gone are the days of boring kids laptop bags with no personality or having to use an adult laptop bag that is far too big and bulky. Now you can secure your kids laptops in their very own Willow Bay.
Each bag comes with a zip close compartment for your laptop and a front zip close pouch for chargers and the like. Comes with an adjustable, removable crossbody strap and a comfort pad (removable for washing), so your child can carry their Laptop with ease.
Available in a fabulous range of colours to suit everyone! Perfect for school!
Zip closure
Zip pocket (large)
detachable and adjustable crossbody strap
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L 35.5 cm
H 24.5 cm
W 2 cm
At Willow Bay, our customers are our number one priority. We take pride in our service standards and welcome any questions, feedback or concerns. We're always ready to help!
We do not offer returns or exchanges on sale items.
Full priced items are eligible for an online store credit. Store credit is valid for 12 months from the date of issue. Item must be returned within 14 days from the date you received your order. Costs to return the item are the responsibility of the customer.
To initiate a return please submit your details here: https://rs7mvlol.paperform.co
For manufacturing faults we offer a 12-month manufacture guarantee. If you receive an item you believe is faulty please contact us to initiate a return.


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The series shows us a nuked out 1989 America courtesy of those dang Soviets...again. Our post-apocalyptic hero is Magnus Trench - what a name. Trench is a Vietnam veteran who knows how to manhandle any weapons or flashlights. He now lives the life of the wealthy as a corporate white collar family man. He happens to be in San Francisco when he sees the mushroom clouds. He somehow finds shelter in a cave and survives the inferno because caves are great fallout shelters. Three days later he comes out to examine the wreckage and deems himself a new hero named Phoenix. Let's forget about his wife and kids back home because apparently this guy did.
He journeys down into San Francisco and finds that a new regime has taken over led by an insane Christian. Apparently this guy has infiltrated the US government, had the president killed and sparked the nuclear war that destroyed America. His Jesus goon cult is called SCORF and in three days time has established authority in the big cities. In just a little under a week the entire country has been nuked, then sprayed with a chemical plague that transforms the survivors into mutant monsters called Contams. Of course, in the midst of this is a street gang called the Pagans that interact with SCORF and have a mutual interest in raping and pillaging humanity. I can see the bumper sticker now - Join Us Now For Raping!
The survivors of the plague are called Immunes because the chemical plague doesn't affect them. SCORF runs a few dozen military units that holds all sorts of Contams, Immunes and survivors. These are basically just deathcamps where it's fun to push citizens into pits containing drugged out horny Contams. Alexander doesn't hold anything back and can flip an innocent onto all fours faster than a rat finding a cheeto. In it's most trashy element the Contams ravage the survivors, thrusting huge radioactive organs into their pit prey. Forget nuclear winter and sickness...the biggest threat in the post apocalypse is being sodomized by a mutant ding-dong.
In one ridiculous early scene we see Phoenix drive a jeep through the wreckage of San Fran then stop to poke around a bit. He goes into a burned out factory and sees gang members - get this - dressed in leather chaps with their penises and butts exposed. So, in just a little under a week humanity has dwindled down to a bunch of horny Rob Halfords running around with cod pieces? I wouldn't even be out of milk in less than a week but humanity is a sex ravaged wreck. The gang have a couple of survivors pinned down and as Phoenix watches they annihilate one with a flamethrower (these are just laying around). After watching the scene, Phoenix rescues a girl and finds that her name is September Song. Right. It just so happens that she is part of a huge group of survivors out of a safe house. She leads Phoenix there and he sets up a command post to make "commando" runs on SCORF bases. These are just exercises of action fiction that go absolutely nowhere.
Here's the issue with Phoenix and David Alexander. The author can't decide his hero's name so throughout the book he deems him Trench or Phoenix...whichever fits the scene. Secondly, Alexander spends entire pages describing weapons. Not just the size or sounds of the gun but down to the most agonizing detail. For example, Badass Number One may be holding a MAC11 380 SMG shooting .45 ACPs hung low on his right hip in a speed rig. In every single firefight the battle slows to a crawl so Alexander can identify every single weapon in the room and what type of holster or sling it is in or out of. He then rambles on about the velocity of the bullets before cutting to "the .45 ACP blasted through the skull creating brain salad". Really? Why did it take a half page to tell me about the pistol just so I can get to "brain salad"?
Alexander has very little knowledge of the English language aside from guns. Instead of describing goons he simply deems them "Badass One, Two, Three, etc.". Often, our hero drives around randomly in search of something to do and more times than not there is no clear reason why he does any of these things. If Phoenix is missing his wife and family back home, and carefully considering if they are alive or dead, why does he sleep with other women in this book? Beyond that the author makes Phoenix a combination of Incredible Hulk and Rambo, often able to crush skulls simply by squeezing heads. The author spends time explaining that our hero is using punches like Drunk Monkey, Black Fist Tiger and the Scorpion Sting Backfist while somersaulting all over the place.
At least the synoposis is actually fitting:
"Phoenix was a survivor, a man who had honed his bloody skills in the stinking junbles of Vietnam, an expert with every type of weapon, a master at hand-to-hand combat. Battling nature gone insane and men driven mad by total destruction, he forged his way across what was left of the US, driven by hatred and thirsting for revenge against the Dark Messiah".
I can't imagine four more books of this non-sense but I owe it to you to at least give them a try. These aren't as horrible as 'Roadblaster' but certainly not entertaining. I wouldn't recommend this to anyone. If you want a decent run at post-apocalyptic sort of fiction try Simon Clark's 'Bloodcrazy' or David Moody's 'Dog Blood' albeit both are leaning more towards horror than action.


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LogForum is a scientific journal created to be a global forum for an exchange of scientific achivements and implementations in the field of logistics. The journal, founded by the Poznan School of Logistics (Poland), has been supported by many scientific authorities in this branch (Editorial Board).
The journal is tracked by: Web of Science Core Collection - Emerging Sources Citation Index, Scopus, DOAJ, Business Source Premier (ebsco), Academic Search Complete/Business Source Complete (ebsco) Ulrichs WEB, HINARI, J-Gate, Electronic Journals Library (EZB), BazEkon, Erih Plus, Socolar ( China), ROAD Directory of Open Access scholarly Resources, University of California Libraries, Swiss University Library Network (RERO), Arianta, Baztech, CEJSH, Harvard Libraries, Index Copernicus, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine, Baidu, TRIS (Transportation Research Information Services), Cabell's International, and more.
This journal is the non-profit enterprise and published papers may be collected, read and downloaded free of charge.
We are strongly convinced that many original research reports from different scientific centers will be published in this journal covering all aspects of logistics. It should also enable to make new contacts between science and business.
We invite everybody to join us both by submitting the scientific manuscripts to be published in this journal (Instructions for Authors) and by forwarding us remarks and suggestions, which will help to improve this journal.
This journal is the open access and non-profit enterprise. The published papers may be collected, read and downloaded free of charge - with Author's rights reserved. We have adopted a Creative Commons licence CC BY .
According to decision of Ministry of Science and Higher Education each paper published in LogForum is granted by 70 points.
The journal LogForum has received in 2022-2024 a grant nr RCN/SN/0565/2021/1 of the Minister of Education and Science of Poland for funding of projects covering the improve editorial standards, increase the reach and impact of the journal.


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Texas Construction Site Accident Lawyers
When You Are Hurt on a Job Site
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- Falls from heights or injuries sustained from falling objects, such as building materials, tools or other items
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