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New theory explains how Earth's inner core remains solid despite extreme heat
Even though it is hotter than the surface of the Sun, the crystallized iron core of the Earth remains solid. A new study from KTH Royal Institute of Technology may finally settle a longstanding debate over how that's possible, as well as why seismic waves travel at higher speeds between the planet's poles than through the equator.
Spinning within Earth's molten core is a crystal ball – actually a mass formation of almost pure crystallized iron – nearly the size of the moon. Understanding this strange, unobservable feature of our planet depends on knowing the atomic structure of these crystals – something scientists have been trying to do for years.
As with all metals, the atomic-scale crystal structures of iron change depending on the temperature and pressure the metal is exposed to. Atoms are packed into variations of cubic, as well as hexagonal formations. At room temperatures and normal atmospheric pressure, iron is in what is known as a body-centered cubic (BCC) phase, which is a crystal architecture with eight corner points and a center point. But at extremely high pressure the crystalline structures transform into 12-point hexagonal forms, or a close packed (HCP) phase.
At Earth's core, where pressure is 3.5 million times higher than surface pressure – and temperatures are some 6,000 degrees higher – scientists have proposed that the atomic architecture of iron must be hexagonal. Whether BCC iron exists in the center of the Earth has been debated for the last 30 years, and a recent 2014 study ruled it out, arguing that BCC would be unstable under such conditions.
However, in a recent study published in Nature Geosciences , researchers at KTH found that iron at Earth's core is indeed in the BCC phase. Anatoly Belonoshko , a researcher in the , says that when the researchers looked into larger computational samples of iron than studied previously, characteristics of the BCC iron that were thought to render it unstable wound up doing just the opposite.
"Under conditions in Earth's core, BCC iron exhibits a pattern of atomic diffusion never before observed," Belonoshko says.
Belonoshko says the data also shows that pure iron likely accounts for 96 percent of the inner core's composition, along with nickel and possibly light elements.
Their conclusions are drawn from laborious computer simulations performed using Triolith, one of the largest Swedish supercomputers. These simulations allowed them to reinterpret observations collected three years ago at Livermore Lawrence National Laboratory in California. "It appears that the experimental data confirming the stability of BCC iron in the Core were in front of us – we just did not know what that really meant," he says.
At low temperature BCC is unstable and crystalline planes slide out of the ideal BCC structure. But at high temperatures, the stabilization of these structures begins much like a card game – with the shuffling of a "deck". Belonoshko says that in the extreme heat of the core, atoms no longer belong to planes because of the high amplitude of atomic motion.
"The sliding of these planes is a bit like shuffling a deck of cards," he explains. "Even though the cards are put in different positions, the deck is still a deck. Likewise, the BCC iron retains its cubic structure."
Such a shuffling leads to an enormous increase in the distribution of molecules and energy – which leads to increasing entropy, or the distribution of energy states. That, in turn, makes the BCC stable.
Normally, diffusion destroys crystal structures turning them into liquid. In this case, diffusion allows iron to preserve the BCC structure. "The BCC phase goes by the motto: 'What does not kill me makes me stronger'," Belonoshko says. "The instability kills the BCC phase at low temperature, but makes the BCC phase stable at high temperature."
He says that this diffusion also explains why the Earth's core is anisotropic – that is, it has a texture that is directional – like the grain of wood. Anisotropy explains why seismic waves travel faster between the Earth's poles, than through the equator.
"The unique features of the Fe BCC phase, such as high-temperature self-diffusion even in a pure solid iron, might be responsible for the formation of large-scale anisotropic structures needed to explain the Earth inner core anisotropy," he says. "The diffusion allows easy texturing of iron in response to any stress."
The prediction opens the path to understanding the interior of the Earth and eventually to predicting Earth's future, Belonoshko says. "The ultimate goal of Earth Sciences is to understand the past, present and future of the Earth - and our prediction allows us to do just that."
David Callahan
Read the paper in Nature Geosciences
Contact Anatoly Belonoshko at email@example.com or +46 8 790 82 88


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Corn Pudala
Corn Pudala
3 cup corn seeds 3-4 bread slices
1-tbsp. corn flour 1-cup plain yogurt
oil salt
2-cup corn flour 1-tsp. pepper powder.
Crush corn in the mixture. Mix corn flour and plain yogurt to make a batter. Cover and leave for 3-4hours.
Now mix 1-tbsp. corn flour, salt, pepper powder and wet bread slices. Smash them well and mix them in the batter.
Heat a griddle. Spread the batter quickly into a thin pancake. Add oil from the side. Roast on both the side and serve warm with chutney.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Monday, September 29, 2008
Medtronic manufactures, among other things, various spinal devices, and spared no expense in bribing neurosurgeons to use its products in spinal surgery cases. The suit alleges that neurosurgeons such as Jeffrey Wang, now director of the Universityof California at Los Angeles's Comprehensive Spine Center, were taken to Memphis's Platinum Plus strip club, which was eventually shut down because it ran a whore-house. Dr. Wang denies such trips.
Another surgeon named in the suit is Hallett Mathews. According to a former Medtronic attorney, Dr. Mathews was paid $450,000 a year under a sham"consulting agreement." Apparently, Dr. Mathews brought so much money into the company by using its spinal devices that he was given a Medtronic credit card. Bribery is much easier when you cut out the middle man.
Then there were the Alaskan "think tank" trips. Here's how these are alleged to have worked. First, Memphis neurosurgeon Maurice Smith was given a pre-paid 10 year "consulting" contract. His job duties had little to do with helping patients, however. Instead, he specialized in planning annual all-expenses-paid trips to Alaska. The doctors were supposed to present case studies during the trips but evidently they were too busy enjoying themselves to bother with such niceties. According the Journal:
Ms. Kelley [the former Medtronic attorney] alleges Medtronic sent physicians on lavish trips under the guise of medical conferences, but where little work was done. Her complaint claims that on a five-day, all-expenses-paid trip to Alaska in 2001, which was billed as a "think tank," doctors were supposed to present case studies. But, according to the complaint, little discussion of the case studies took place. One doctor scheduled to give a talk stood before the group, "said he was sorry, but he had not prepared anything," and "drinking then commenced in place of discussion," Ms. Kelley said in the suit. Medtronic picked up the cost of fishing guides and clothing for the doctors, the suit said. It said "women were also provided for the doctors," but didn't elaborate.
Evidently, spinal surgeons were partial to New Orleans, and Medtronic was happy to let the good times roll during Mardi Gras:
At a Medtronic-sponsored "discussion group" in New Orleans, according to the complaint, the company paid $20,000 to $25,000 to get a group of doctors on a Mardi Gras parade float and another $15,000 to supply doctors with Mardi Gras beads.
In this embarrassing statement responding to the article, Medtronic begins by scolding the Wall Street Journal for reporting the allegations, which were supposed to have remained hidden from the public in a "sealed" lawsuit. Then, they refuse to admit any wrongdoing, saying only that "allegations of inappropriate business practices described in the article are said to have occurred years ago." Then, they assure us that "the company has put more rigorous systems and processes in place to assure alignment with these standards, identify any break from standards, and address behavior that is in violation." But if they had done nothing wrong, why did they have to beef up their internal reviews? They don't get around to answering this question in their statement.
7 comments:
This is breath-taking. Absolutely over the top. I am speechless. We live in a post-superego age. Sorry to use a psychoanalytic term -- I know it is passe' these days. But what other term applies to this depressing mess?
- September 29, 2008 at 10:10 PM
- InformaticsMD said...
Medtronic regrets that The Wall Street Journal chose to publish allegations
You bet they regret it.
I want to know the names of the surgeons. They probably regret it, too. - September 29, 2008 at 11:22 PM
What do a Memphis gentlemen's club, trips to Alaska and ill-gotten patent royalties have in common? They're all perks that Medtronic gave to doctors, according to a lawsuit brought by a former Medtronic lawyer. The incentives were handed out by the company's $3 billion spinal devices unit, which has already been under investigation for its physician relationships.
- October 1, 2008 at 6:49 PM
I SAY: "PARTY ON!" - October 15, 2008 at 5:43 PM
many a crook can be found in the halls of a hospitals OR wing... in particular these spine surgeons. I've witnessed first hand how consulting agreements translate into 100% medtronic contracts with hospitals. With so much money at stake it's worth the risk for these guys, most of whom think they are above the law as it is
- October 23, 2008 at 1:34 PM
I have been following all articles on Medtronic closely. My mother was talked into using the in-fuse bonegraft procuct in her cervical spinal fusion surgery last August, we were told it was FDA approved and that the only possible side effect COULD be some swelling and difficulty swallowing, there was absolutely NO mention of any life threatening complications nor were we told about the warning put out by the FDA just 1 month prior telling Dr's not to use the product in the neck area. My mom got thorugh the surgery fine, but on the 3rd day post-op her neck was grossly swollen and she started complaining non stop that she was having trouble breathing. We tried desperatly all day to get someone to do something and were told by the doctor (over the phone) that she just felt like she couldnt breathe because of the swelling, but he promised us she would be just fine. Well we got an emergency phone call at 5am because my mother had stopped breathing and by the time someone found her she had been down without oxygen for at least 12 minutes! Her throat had swollen completely shut cutting off her airway and no one responded to the call button 20 minutes earlier!!! As a result of this my mother passed away a few days later, the swelling in her throat was caused by the morphogenic protein in the infuse bone graft. She appears to be the first fatality due to this, but it never should have happened!! The FDA warning was about this exact scenario and yet all of her pleas were completely ignored?? I have lost my best friend and my father lost his sole mate of more than 60 years!! Where does it end??
- November 20, 2008 at 11:07 PM
I also had BMP in a cervical spine surgery. three days later my throat was swollen and I had difficulty swallowing and eating, I had emergency surgery and thought everything would be better, instead 5 years later I am still suffering, I am still here but in many ways my family has lost me and I have lost any resemblance of my former life. My dr. also had received the FDA report warning against it but called it a special glue that they are having a lot of success with (as in it's making millions for their hospital) I will have to live with this complete coverup for the rest of my life.
- August 6, 2009 at 4:18 PM


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A force field is an energy barrier with many applications and varying degrees of strength.
Composition and use[]
Although force fields had been in use for many years, Starfleet did not begin research on such a device until around 2147, then referred to by Malcolm Reed as a "stable EM barrier." By about 2152, Starfleet hadn't found a method of controlling the particle density of the field. Reed nonetheless made use of such a barrier to save several crew members, including Jonathan Archer. (ENT: "Vox Sola")
The fact that Starfleet had been struggling to determine how to control the force field's particle density was not scripted. Also, although Reed states these efforts had been ongoing for the past five years prior to the setting of "Vox Sola", the episode's final draft script leaves this as an indeterminate number of years instead.
From the Star Trek Encyclopedia, 4th ed., vol. 1, p. 280, "Malcolm's force field emitters were devised by Star Trek: Enterprise property master Craig Binkley. If you look closely at the props, you might notice that they have four energy emitter gizmos that bear a striking resemblance to Lieutenant Uhura's earpiece receivers from the original Star Trek series. Purely coincedental, of course."
By the 24th century, Starfleet force fields were commonplace and were rated by intensity, ranging in strength from levels 1 through 10. A level 10 force field was the strongest and was used, for example, during a scientific experiment of which the outcome was unknown, or known to be explosive in nature. Applications ranged from creating holograms to sealing a hull breach to personal force fields designed to keep potential assailants at bay. (TNG: "Realm Of Fear", "The Most Toys"; Star Trek Generations; Star Trek: Insurrection; DS9: "Playing God", "Starship Down", "Take Me Out to the Holosuite"; VOY: "State of Flux", "Course: Oblivion")
During pre-production of Star Trek: The Next Generation, a type of device called a "landing envelope" would have placed "a protective power field envelope around a person or landing party, allowing away teams to visit planets with much more hostile environments than was possible in the past." The reference book Star Trek: The Next Generation 365 (p. 004) hypothesizes that the exclusion of this concept from the series may have been due to the strain it would have put on both the effects budget and, by lowering the amount of peril typically encountered on away missions, the writing staff. (Star Trek: The Next Generation 365, p. 004)
The effects of a force field on its surroundings varied greatly. Contact with a force field could cause anything from a slight tingle to death. Most force fields were non-lethal, although some civilizations such as the Dominion preferred the lethal variety. If a force field was active, an object or transporter beam generally could not pass through it, although this was not always the case. The Borg were known to not be hindered by most force fields; they could adapt and simply walk through the field. This was effected by having the cranial implant activate particular nanoprobes to adjust the drone's bioelectric field. However, a Borg drone could be cut off from the Collective if it was surrounded by a Starfleet level 10 force field. (DS9: "The Jem'Hadar"; TNG: "I Borg"; VOY: "Hope and Fear")
Force fields could be activated from various locations. On Starfleet starships there were emitter points at almost every junction along every corridor. The computer could be programmed to run a series of force field activations and deactivations within the ship, effectively creating a protected corridor which could follow a person. Commander Data used this technique with great control when he commandeered the USS Enterprise-D on stardate 44085.7. He also demonstrated another technique involving instructing the computer to implement a scan series of force field activations, initiated by his movements along a short distance of corridor, thus forcing the security team to back away from him. (TNG: "Brothers")
If part of a humanoid body was caught in a force field while it was activated, the person could suffer second-degree burns on the affected area. (DS9: "Civil Defense")
Tolian Soran's force field on Veridian III generated an output of fifty gigawatts. (Star Trek Generations)
When various security measures left over from the Cardassian occupation came on-line on Deep Space 9, Elim Garak was recognized as a person of sufficient importance by the computer to have the force fields dividing the station drop when he approached. (DS9: "Civil Defense")
If necessary, a transporter platform could be completely enclosed within a force field, to, for example, contain an alien subject or prisoner during transport. (TNG: "The Hunted", "Realm Of Fear"; VOY: "Death Wish", "Demon")
Force fields were also capable of selective positioning, allowing the majority of it to cover a secure location, while a smaller portion was deactivated to allow transport of food, drinks, and other items. This method was used when it would be considered dangerous to deactivate the entire force field. (VOY: "Repentance")
Types of force fields[]
Cadderon force field[]
In 2369, Major Kira Nerys created cadderon force fields to arrest the Klaestrons who kidnapped Jadzia Dax and secured the airlock to their starship. Ilon Tandro was able to override the system and deactivate the cadderon force field. (DS9: "Dax")
Containment field[]
A containment field, also known as a spatial distortion field, was essentially a force field used to prevent the escape of matter or antimatter.
Containment fields were usually raised when cargo bay or shuttlebay doors were opened to keep them pressurized, although the containment field was partially disengaged when a shuttlecraft passed through it. Unfortunately, eighteen engineers from the crew of the USS Yamato were killed when the containment fields in a shuttlebay failed after the ship was infected with an Iconian software transmission. (TNG: "Contagion") A containment field could be manually activated and deactivated should the need arise. (TNG: "Disaster") Containment fields would be used by Starfleet personnel to isolate an area for investigation, such as using a field to isolate a transporter room pad to beam aboard a sample of an object. (VOY: "Death Wish")
Containment fields could also be used to reinforce antimatter containment, although they could not prevent an impending warp core breach. Lieutenant Commander Data raised a level 3 containment field around the warp core of the Enterprise-D in 2369 when the ship was facing destruction by a core breach. (TNG: "Timescape") By 2379, it was a standard procedure on the USS Enterprise-E for the warp core to be reinforced by a high-level force field before engaging in battle. (Star Trek Nemesis)
In an alternate timeline Miles O'Brien tried to create a sort of a containment field in sickbay to retain Benjamin Sisko on the station. He was unable to and Sisko went into the temporal displacement again. (DS9: "The Visitor")
Structural integrity and emergency force fields[]
The structural integrity of a starbase, starship, or shuttlecraft could be enhanced by force fields. This way the hull could absorb more mechanical stress.
In the event of an outer hull breach, emergency force fields were automatically deployed to protect the damaged part from the influences of space; at the same time they prevented decompression of the entire deck by keeping the atmosphere in. During critical situations, such as ship-to-ship battles, if the main defensive force field was ruptured and a section of the ship was destroyed, it took longer for the computer to re-establish the structural integrity field than usual because of the large energy demands already placed on the vessel. In this short space of time, sections of a vessel could indeed be exposed to the vacuum of space. Captain Kirk was lost to the vacuum of space in this way, in 2293, when the USS Enterprise-B was struck by the Nexus energy ribbon. (Star Trek Generations)
A lieutenant aboard the Enterprise-E was blown out into space in 2379 before an emergency force field could be activated when the bridge front wall and viewscreen were destroyed by the Reman warbird Scimitar. (Star Trek Nemesis) A similar incident happened during the "Year of Hell" when an alien ship was disabled by the Krenim timeship's conventional weapons, and collided with the almost-already-crippled USS Voyager's bridge front/viewscreen and portions of her decks. Fortunately, Captain Janeway was not blown out into space, due to the quick activation of the emergency atmospheric force fields. (VOY: "Year of Hell, Part II")
A plasma leak caused by an explosion on the USS Defiant was covered by a level 8 force field, which Jadzia Dax then walked across in order to tend to Dr. Lenara Kahn. (DS9: "Rejoined")
On stardate 49263.5, the USS Defiant, under the command of Captain Benjamin Sisko, descended into the atmosphere of a Class J gas giant with 10,000 kilometer per hour wind speeds. The emergency force field that was erected to save the ship from decompression due to a hull breach was not able to withstand the pressure for more than a few minutes. (DS9: "Starship Down")
Defensive shielding[]
Starbases, starships, shuttlecraft, and even advanced weaponry were often equipped with external force field emitters, which, when activated, produced a "bubble" around the generating object, known as defensive shields. (VOY: "Dreadnought", "Warhead") These shields were variable, and could even be extended to encompass a nearby vessel or object. (TNG: "The Defector") Defensive force fields could be penetrated in two ways. The most conventional method involved firing energy weapons at the shielded object, which weakened the field. The other method was achieved by matching the frequency of the shield to the weapon used. (Star Trek Generations; VOY: "Equinox, Part II") Chroniton torpedoes could not be stopped by normal shielding but required modifications to enable temporal shielding. (VOY: "Year of Hell")
Security screen []
A security screen (also referred to as a security cover or security force field) was a type of force field employed by the Federation that surrounded the Tantalus Penal Colony. In addition to standard force field features, this security screen was also capable of blocking ship-to-shore communications, preventing contact between the colony, which was situated on planet Tantalus V, and nearby spacecraft. The security screen could be deactivated with a control that was in the office of the colony's director. Furthermore, the words "security screen" were visible on a wall of the colony's main power chamber, from where the force field could also be turned off.
These words were instead scripted to read "force field".
While Captain James T. Kirk was visiting Tantalus colony in 2266, the security screen blocked contact between a communicator he had with him and the USS Enterprise, which was orbiting the planet. After Doctor Tristan Adams (the colony's director at that time) informed Kirk that the security screen was in effect, Adams temporarily turned off the force field, permitting Kirk to contact the Enterprise.
Later, shortly after Spock beamed into the colony, he deactivated the security screen from the main power chamber. He then contacted the Enterprise, with a communicator of his own, to report that the security screen had been eliminated. (TOS: "Dagger of the Mind")
Other applications[]
Federation applications[]
On holodecks, force fields were used to give objects substance so people could manipulate them like in real life. These force fields had no substance outside the holodeck. They could be configured to either allow passage of "real" matter, or appear solid.
In sickbay, a force field could be used to separate a patient from the rest of the crew when a contagious disease was diagnosed or when a patient needed a specific environment to stay alive. (TNG: "Brothers"; VOY: "Demon", "Threshold")
The Emergency Medical Hologram and other variants (Emergency Command Hologram and the slave Mark I) used force fields to mimic solidity and to allow the manipulation of tools, manual computer access, and for social interaction.
Force fields were used to contain prisoners inside the holding cells of various races, including Humans, Klingons, and Cardassians. Cardassian technology was able to create a tubular force field from the ceiling to the floor in order to encompass an intruder; however, during first contact with the Dominion, Jem'Hadar such as Talak'talan could walk right through them. The Federation had adapted similar technology by 2366, and it was in use on the bridge of the Enterprise-D as well. (DS9: "The Jem'Hadar"; TNG: "Allegiance")
Most Federation penal colonies had force fields to prevent escape. Examples included the Tantalus Colony (where it was known as a security screen) and the Elba II asylum. (TOS: "Dagger of the Mind", "Whom Gods Destroy")
During emergencies in a Starfleet holodeck, a holographic force field could be created during a simulation. (VOY: "Twisted")
Captain Kirk attempted to use a force field to confine Charles Evans to quarters, in 2266. Once the force field was rigged to the room's door and Evans entered his quarters, the force field was activated by Spock. When Evans then walked to the door, he was thrown backwards, onto the deck, by the force field. However, it was subsequently made to vanish, along with the bulkhead containing it, by Evans, who thereby managed to easily escape. (TOS: "Charlie X")
In the final draft script of "Charlie X", contact with this force field was described as producing "blue sparks of energy" that "instantly outline his body, [and] fling him back into the room." However, no such blue sparks are shown in the final version of the episode, despite collision with the force field clearly throwing Evans back. Also, in scripted but ultimately unused dialogue, it was established that preparing the force field took a minimum of seventy-two hours, that the force field was on deck five, and that setting it up made use of the ship's lab circuitry (all of which, according to the script, ran through the main corridor on deck five).
In 2369, Major Kira Nerys used a force field to prevent Chief Miles O'Brien and Commander Benjamin Sisko from beaming onto the Valerian transport. (DS9: "Dramatis Personae")
The same year, the Bajoran engineer Neela created the program ANA, which granted her access through the security fields on Deep Space 9 after she attempted to assassinate Vedek Bareil Antos. O'Brien found this computer program in a security field subsystem during maintenance work. (DS9: "In the Hands of the Prophets")
In 2372, Admiral Leyton told Federation President Jaresh-Inyo that Starfleet Security had been stockpiling personal force fields on Earth in case of a planet-wide emergency. (DS9: "Homefront")
By 2373, a holo-projection system had been installed on the bridge of the USS Defiant, linked up to the communications system. In this way, a person could 'appear' and speak to others. However, this form of holoprojection had no cohesion, and so people could not interact directly with the hologram. (DS9: "For the Uniform") Holoprojectors of this type were also seen in the captain's office adjacent to Ops aboard space station Deep Space 9. (DS9: "Doctor Bashir, I Presume")
Jean-Luc Picard demonstrated to Lily Sloane a force field closing a hatch to space aboard the USS Enterprise-E when Lily spotted no glass. (Star Trek: First Contact)
During the late 2260s and early 2270s, a device known as a life support belt was used on board Starfleet vessels. This was a type of personal force field that supplied the wearer with the appropriate atmosphere and protected them from the vacuum of space. (TAS: "Beyond the Farthest Star", "The Slaver Weapon") This type of technology has only been seen in one other application. In 2369, Captain Jean-Luc Picard, Commander Data, Deanna Troi, and Geordi La Forge used subspace isolation fields, projected from modified emergency transporter armbands, that enveloped each of them in their own pocket of subspace. This isolated them from the effects of the temporal fragment that affected the Enterprise-D. This is an example of a "skin-tight" force field, rather than the conventional bubble geometry. (TNG: "Timescape")
Non-Federation applications[]
On the Akaali homeworld in 2151, Captain Jonathan Archer and Commander Charles Tucker III, while secretly watched by Riaan, encountered a Malurian force field covering a wooden door. When touched, the force field flashed with blue light. Tucker reported that the force field was "some kind of magnetic barrier", and he was about to try to disable it when Riaan intervened. The force field was operated via remote control, and once Archer obtained the device from a Malurian, he deactivated the force field. (ENT: "Civilization")
In 2154, Enterprise encountered an Illyrian ship in the vicinity of the Azati Prime system in the Delphic Expanse. This small ship had a force field surrounding its warp coil, which prevented Commander Tucker from removing it easily. (ENT: "Damage")
In 2267, Apollo, from Pollux IV, used advanced force field technologies to create a gigantic hand to hold the Enterprise in space. This force field could be penetrated by M-rays at carefully calculated frequencies. (TOS: "Who Mourns for Adonais?")
In 2346, the Khitomer colony had a force field to help protect itself from attacks. The Khitomer Massacre could have been averted if the Klingon traitor Ja'rod had not given the Romulans the codes to the force field surrounding the colony. (TNG: "Sins of The Father")
In 2364, the entity known as Q used an immensely powerful force field to block the Enterprise's passage. (TNG: "Hide And Q")
Also in 2364, the Enterprise-D rediscovered the planet Aldea. The Aldeans hid their planet behind a very powerful planet-wide cloak and a defensive shield. (TNG: "When The Bough Breaks")
In the same year, the crew of the Enterprise-D encountered the Echo Papa 607 weapon on Minos. One of the weapon's special features was the ability to encase a target in a bubble force field. (TNG: "The Arsenal of Freedom")
In 2367, Captain Picard, Ensign Wesley Crusher, and a civilian shuttle captain, Dirgo, discovered a fountain of water surrounded by a force field on Lambda Paz. (TNG: "Final Mission")
The storage lockers in the assay office aboard Deep Space 9 were secured by individual force fields. (DS9: "Q-Less")
Dr. Tolian Soran used a high-power force field (rated in gigawatts) to protect himself and his star-destroying weapon from Captain Picard in 2371. (Star Trek Generations)
The Borg utilized personal defensive force fields. The force field was sufficient to allow survival in space without a spacesuit. When in combat, Borg drones could be killed by phasers but only for the first several shots. The phaser became ineffective if used at the same setting after multiple shots. The phaser's effectiveness could be extended though by adding a frequency modulation chip, but drones would eventually adapt to this as well. (TNG: "Q Who", "The Best of Both Worlds", "The Best of Both Worlds, Part II"; VOY: "Drone") While Borg force fields were formidable against directed energy, they were capable of being bypassed by blunt force, kinetic energy. Projectile weapons were notoriously efficient against their shields. (citation needed • edit)
The Cardassians utilized force fields in their labor camps to maintain the populace. The Hutet labor camp utilized such force fields. (DS9: "The Homecoming")
Contact with Dominion force fields is always lethal and they are even harder to see than those of the Federation, which are visible to the careful eye. Captain Sisko and Quark were held in a Dominion force field when they were kidnapped while on a camping trip with Jake and Nog. A similar force field was used to hold Chief O'Brien and Doctor Bashir hostage when they were taken prisoner by a rogue group of Jem'Hadar. (DS9: "The Jem'Hadar", "Hippocratic Oath")
The Hur'q used a force field to protect the Hur'q Central Museum from looters. A Vulcan mining team could not penetrate the field. However, in 2372, Kor, Jadzia Dax, and Worf were able to bypass the force field by reversing the polarity on the field destabilizers.
The Vidiians made extensive use of force fields to conceal their underground bases from intruders, making entrances appear like solid rock, even to tricorders. This was described as a cloaking effect. Upon first encountering this technology in 2371, the USS Voyager found that phaser fire could breach them. However, when they encountered such fields a second time later that year, they found them to have been adapted to repulse phaser fire. (VOY: "Phage", "Faces")
When the Cardassian Silaran Prin held Kira Nerys prisoner for a brief time, he enclosed her in a personal force field of sorts that prevented her from moving. (DS9: "The Darkness and the Light")
By 2373, the Breen had developed a hand-held weapon, the CRM 114, which could penetrate force fields of up to 4.6 gigajoules. (DS9: "Business as Usual")
Appearances and references[]
- "Vox Sola"
- "The Shipment"
- "Initiations"
- "Year of Hell"
- "Drone"
- "Equinox, Part II"
- "Pathfinder"
The first appearance of a force field was in the TOS episode "Charlie X".
See also[]
- Annular confinement beam
- Arresting field
- Brig
- Chroniton field
- Confinement field
- Deflector shield
- Grid
- Holding cell
- Hologram
- Holocommunicator
- Ionic field
- Pressor field
- Regenerative force field
- Subspace force field
External links[]
- Force field at Memory Beta, the wiki for licensed Star Trek works
- Treknology (F) at Ex Astris Scientia
- Force field at Wikipedia
- Shields at Wikipedia
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Mica wages war on the TSA
July 7, 2011
Ever since the tragedy on Sept. 11, 2001, airport security has drastically expanded and tightened its policies for travelers. Legislation in 2001 created the Transportation Security Administration but also included an opt-out clause allowing airports the opportunity to use private screening methods instead of TSA programs after a two-year period.
Congressman John Mica (R-FL) was initially a contributor to the legislation creating the TSA in 2001, but now Mica recommends private contractor screeners under supervision by the TSA. The Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, under Chairman Mica, released a report on June 3 stating the private-federal model is 65 percent more efficient and 42 percent less expensive than the all-federal system.
However, Mica's opposition claims otherwise. The TSA insists the expenses for the Screening Partnership Program are greater than those of the current federally run program. However, the Government Accountability Office has uncovered numerous flaws in the TSA's cost estimates for the new SPP program. The SPP is designed to follow the same routine screening methods as the TSA and function under supervision of the TSA.
In addition, on June 21, Mica along with other representatives, requested an Inspector General investigation of the TSA's recent operational failures. The investigation uncovered a series of mistakes in the TSA's financial evaluation, which proved Mica's statement that the SPP would be more cost efficient for taxpayers.
"Once again, indications are that this is another major failure of TSA operations, following on the heels of significant operational failures uncovered by the Government Accountability Office," Mica said in response to a TSA mistake at the Honolulu International Airport.
According to the Federal Aviation Authority, a total of one billion dollars could be saved if the "Core 35" airports, which comprise 75 percent of travelers, would switch from TSA to SPP methods. Private enterprise would consult those individual airports which choose to utilize the SPP as the primary screening program.
Colleen M. Kelley, president of National Treasury Employees Union, views the situation from a different viewpoint. Kelley believes the public would be concerned with the safety of flying if the TSA would only held a supervising role in airport security.
"I believe the American traveling public would loathe to return to the days less than a decade ago when low-paid, ill-trained employees of private contractors handled air passenger screening duties," said Kelley in a recent Los Angeles Times article by Richard Simon.
John Gage, president of the American Federation of Government Employees, agrees the TSA's complete control of airport security is the best and safest choice for Americans.
"The nation is secure in the sense that the safety of our skies will not be left in the hands of the lowest-bidder contractor, as it was before September 11," said Gage.
June 23, Mica was faced with a considerable setback from Gage and the American Federation of Government Employees. The nation's largest employee union will collectively bargain for 50,000 airport screeners.
In response to this opposition, Mica said, "While collective bargaining for airport screeners may sound like a solution to a dysfunctional workplace, only a dramatic overhaul of TSA will provide a proper structure for improved employment conditions, employee respect, and the best possible security operations."
In an interview with The Recorder, Steve Grossman, executive director and CEO of the Jacksonville Aviation Authority and Michael Stewart, director and external affairs coordinator, shared their opinions about the SPP and their predictions for the future of airport security at Jacksonville International Airport.
Grossman explained airports do not have a major process in TSA security.
"We have no say in it," he said, "but we would welcome the opportunity to be more involved."
The legislation in 2001 pressures airports with the burden to make the choice between private screeners supervised by TSA or an all-federal model of airport security. Grossman said, "Congress should decide." He said he believes there is no recognizable advantage for choosing the SPP over TSA at this time.
Although Grossman expressed some frustration over the fact that the TSA holds both the operational and supervision positions, he does not believe Jacksonville International Airport will opt out of TSA operations because there is no major problem that could be fixed simply by switching to private screeners.
He believes TSA is a federal bureaucracy that needs to be streamlined by congressional legislation.
"The way it's being done today is not logical," Grossman said.
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We have posted here Word Crossy Level 2628 Answers from category Insight. Word Crossy IOS version is launched on App Store on Aug 23, 2017 and on Sep 30, 2017 on Google Play Store, ago by a company with name: "Word Find". Word Crossy is a lovely relaxing game but just I wish I could play in landscape rather than portrait style and another annoying part of Word Crossy is the amount of ads they show while playing. However, Word Crossy game has more than 5 million downloads until June 2019 and it is one of my favorite games. This is the reason i have solved and posted the solutions for all the levels.
You might need other answers and: Word Crossy Answers is the dedicated area of this game.


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I can't help myself, I have made this twice already this week! It's really just a version of my Memphis BBQ Tofu, but with fresh garden ingredients that give it a more refined and delightful taste. It is sweet and sour with a touch of hot, and goes perfectly with the hearty and slightly sweet corn cake below. I served this with a side of greens and some fresh garden produce. The corn cakes are from the August 2010 issues of VegNews (anyone see me listed on the last page as a Top Ten blog?) and are only adapted slightly because I did not have all the ingredients.
Southern Tofu
- 1 pkg firm tofu, diced
- 2 tbsp margarine
- 2 tbsp oil
- 1 large sweet onion, diced
- 2 cloves garlic, chopped
- 1/2 green pepper, small dice
- 1/4 cup bourbon
- 1/2 cup brown sugar, packed
- 1 tbsp apple cider vinegar
- juice of 1/2 lemon
- 2 large tomatoes, finely chopped
- 1 tsp paprika
- 1 tsp mustard
- hot sauce to taste
- 1/4 cup ketchup (more as needed)
- salt to taste
- chopped parsley to garnish
Prepare tofu however you see fit. You could leave it raw, but I fry it up in a touch of oil over med-hi heat, turning regularly to get a nice golden colour on each side and to give it a more chewy texture.
1. Heat margarine and oil in a large saucepan over medium heat. Add onions and cook for 10-12 mins, stirring regularly, until beginning to get golden on the edges. Add garlic and cook 1 min, then add green pepper and cook 2-3 mins, until starting to soften.
2. Add bourbon to the pan and mix well, letting it cook down a bit (just a min or two). Add brown sugar and bring to bubbling. Let cook for 2 mins.
3. Add vinegar, lemon juice, tomatoes, paprika, mustard, and hot sauce. Bring to bubbling, then reduce heat, and let simmer for about 5 mins, letting tomatoes cook down a bit. Add ketchup to thicken, and season to taste. Add tofu back to the pan and stir to coat. Cook a few mins to heat tofu back up and absorb some sauce. Serve over corn cake and garnish with parsley.
Corn Cakes
Makes 6
- 1 cup cornmeal
- 1 1/2 tsp baking powder
- 1 tbsp ground flax seed
- 2 tbsp sugar
- 1 cup + 2 tbsp boiling water
- 1 tbsp canola oil
Heat a thin layer of oil in a frying pan over medium to med-hi heat
1. Whisk cornmeal, baking powder, flax, and sugar in a medium bowl. Add boiling water and mix until just moistened. Add canola and stir to incorporate. The batter will thicken a bit as the cornmeal absorbs more water, so add more water if needed.
2. Spoon equal portions of batter into the hot oil, and press into patties. (This is what the original recipe calls for, but I actually found it easier to wet my hands and pat the dough/batter into patties). Cook for 2-3 mins each side, until golden, then drain on paper.


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Readings for the Memorial of Saints Basil the Great and Gregory Nazianzen, Bishops and Doctors of the Church
Reading I 1 Jn 2:22-28
Who is the liar?
Whoever denies that Jesus is the Christ.
Whoever denies the Father and the Son, this is the antichrist.
Anyone who denies the Son does not have the Father,
but whoever confesses the Son has the Father as well.
Let what you heard from the beginning remain in you.
If what you heard from the beginning remains in you,
then you will remain in the Son and in the Father.
And this is the promise that he made us: eternal life.
I write you these things about those who would deceive you.
As for you,
the anointing that you received from him remains in you,
so that you do not need anyone to teach you.
But his anointing teaches you about everything and is true and not false;
just as it taught you, remain in him.
And now, children, remain in him,
so that when he appears we may have confidence
and not be put to shame by him at his coming.
Responsorial Psalm 98:1, 2-3ab, 3cd-4
R. (3cd) All the ends of the earth have seen the saving power of God.
Sing to the LORD a new song,
for he has done wondrous deeds;
His right hand has won victory for him,
his holy arm.
R. All the ends of the earth have seen the saving power of God.
The LORD has made his salvation known:
in the sight of the nations he has revealed his justice.
He has remembered his kindness and his faithfulness
toward the house of Israel.
R. All the ends of the earth have seen the saving power of God.
All the ends of the earth have seen
the salvation by our God.
Sing joyfully to the LORD, all you lands;
break into song; sing praise.
R. All the ends of the earth have seen the saving power of God.
Alleluia Heb 1:1-2
R. Alleluia, alleluia.
In times, past, God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets:
in these last days, he has spoken to us through his Son.
R. Alleluia, alleluia.
Gospel Jn 1:19-28
This is the testimony of John.
When the Jews from Jerusalem sent priests and Levites to him
to ask him, "Who are you?"
He admitted and did not deny it, but admitted,
"I am not the Christ."
So they asked him,
"What are you then? Are you Elijah?"
And he said, "I am not."
"Are you the Prophet?"
He answered, "No."
So they said to him,
"Who are you, so we can give an answer to those who sent us?
What do you have to say for yourself?"
He said:
"I am the voice of one crying out in the desert,
'Make straight the way of the Lord,'
as Isaiah the prophet said."
Some Pharisees were also sent.
They asked him,
"Why then do you baptize
if you are not the Christ or Elijah or the Prophet?"
John answered them,
"I baptize with water;
but there is one among you whom you do not recognize,
the one who is coming after me,
whose sandal strap I am not worthy to untie."
This happened in Bethany across the Jordan,
where John was baptizing.
Lectionary for Mass for Use in the Dioceses of the United States, second typical edition, Copyright © 2001, 1998, 1997, 1986, 1970 Confraternity of Christian Doctrine; Psalm refrain © 1968, 1981, 1997, International Committee on English in the Liturgy, Inc. All rights reserved. Neither this work nor any part of it may be reproduced, distributed, performed or displayed in any medium, including electronic or digital, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.


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Cuba's tourism industry is under unprecedented strain and struggling to meet demand with record numbers of visitors arriving a year after detente with the United States renewed interest in the Caribbean island.
Its tropical weather, rich musical traditions, famed cigars and classic cars were for decades off limits to most Americans under Cold War-era sanctions, but those restrictions are fading.
Once a rare sight, Americans are now swarming Old Havana's colonial squares and narrow streets along with Europeans and Canadians.
Entrepreneurs and hustlers have responded by upping prices on taxi rides, meals, and trinkets. Cuban women who pose for pictures in colorful dresses and headwraps while chomping cigars are now charging $5 instead of $1.
Cuba received a record 3.52 million visitors last year, up 17.4 percent from 2014. American visits rose 77 percent to 161,000, not counting hundreds of thousands of Cuban-Americans.
Industry experts worry the island will be unable to absorb an even greater expected surge when scheduled U.S. commercial airline and ferry services are due to start this year.
As it is, foreigners face extreme difficulties booking hotels and rental cars, and those who hoped to discover Cuba before the hordes arrive realize they are too late.
"Cuba is over the top with tourists right now. I've seen so many Americans, it's not even funny," said Ana Fernandez, 44, of Nashville, Tennessee.
Gisela Hoiman, 46, a schoolbook editor from Berlin, hoped to see Cuba "before it changes" but was disappointed to find long airport lines, ubiquitous hucksters and masses of tourists. She was stranded in Havana when she was unable to get a spot on the bus leaving for the eastern city of Santiago.
"It was too much to handle, too many other tourists. We stood in line and were sent back and forth to different counters," she said from an Old Havana cafe with her large backpack parked on the floor. "I don't think Cuba is prepared."
The United States and Cuba agreed in December 2014 to end five decades of animosity and have since restored diplomatic ties, igniting international buzz about Cuba.
The opening has benefited Cuba's small private sector, which offers restaurants and rooms for rent in family homes. But the tourism infrastructure, with just 63,000 hotel rooms nationwide, is still largely a function of the state and has languished under decades of U.S. economic sanctions and underdevelopment.
"From offloading at the airport to restaurant availability, infrastructure is maxed out," said Collin Laverty, founder of Cuba Educational Travel, which organizes tours for legally permitted travel for Americans.
A select number of foreign-run hotels, such as those of Spain's Melia Hotels International SA, fill up fast, leaving many visitors with little option but tired state-run motels or rooms in private homes.
Some have been priced out or bumped from hotels, especially in Havana, where high-end U.S. groups reserve blocks months in advance and pay higher prices.
"It is kind of a slap in the face as it has been the Canadian and European tourists who have helped keep the Cuban economy afloat for the past 25 years," said Keri Montgomery, owner of Vancouver-based Finisterra travel.
The government is seeking more foreign investment and has plans to reach 85,000 hotel rooms nationwide by 2020, but the pace is slow and development has mostly favored beach destinations rather than Cuba's cultural centers.
Cuban officials did not respond to Reuters requests for comment.
Forbidden Fruit
American tourism is still banned under the U.S. trade embargo but U.S. citizens and residents are allowed to visit under 12 categories including for religious, sporting and educational exchanges.
In one of his first moves after rapprochement, Obama made it easier for those 12 categories of travelers to go to Cuba.
The increased presence of Americans is especially noticeable in Havana, and because there has been little enforcement of the tourism ban, some are also enjoying Cuba's beaches and bars with little effort to disguise their intentions.
The Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control has not fined any Americans for visiting Cuba since Obama took office in January 2009, its database shows.
Under President George W. Bush, OFAC fined hundreds of individuals for embargo violations, mostly for travel. More than 800 people received penalties including nearly $1.1 million in fines in 2004 and 2005 alone, according to a 2015 report by the Congressional Research Service.
California native Tony Pandola, 33, who has been leading Americans around Cuba for three years, said once-intimate experiences are now plagued by crowds.
"On this really beautiful, quiet farm there were six giant tour buses with their diesel engines running and a couple of minivans and taxis all waiting to have the same experience with the tobacco farmer," he said from Viñales, a picturesque valley west of Havana.
While many budget travelers can usually find accommodations even without booking, some are left stranded.
"I talked to a cab driver in Viñales who said they were offering tourists to sleep in the back of their car for $10," Pandola said.
Leonardo Diaz, 34, who has been working in tourism in his hometown of Viñales since he was a teen, said every room was booked in December.
"A lot of tourists have stayed in the park. That had never been seen before," he said.
Havana's international airport lacks sufficient infrastructure such as luggage trucks and passenger stairs to handle the influx, causing bottlenecks.
"It's total madness," said Roniel Hernandez, who works at the terminal receiving U.S. flights. "The airport employees are doing everything possible to satisfy visitors, but the equipment is very old and needs to be replaced."
Retired teacher Joanna Sarff finally came to Cuba after dreaming about it for 50 years, so she refused to let the inconveniences spoil her trip, saying she was more focused on plans to dance on the tables at a Buena Vista Social Club concert than the crowds.
She said, "For me, this is a great way to experience the culture, the people, the food, the mojitos, and the cigars!"


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"Linux Journal's Editor's Choice Awards are well-known as the premiere forum recognizing outstanding product developments and achievements in the Linux market. A panel of more than 50 distinguished Linux experts was assembled to nominate products for the awards, which were then sent to the Linux Journal editors who chose the final winners." KDE 3.0 wins the honour of best Consumer Software. Konqueror obtained an honorable mention as Web Client but was beaten up by Mozilla and Galeon. KDevelop also received an honorable mention as Development Tool alongst with Borland Kylix, both being beaten by Emacs -- but had they tried KVim?
The Sharp Zaurus was also selected as best Mobile Device and Product of the Year -- good news for QtE.
It seems that once again this site has become an outlet for people to abuse one another. I'm quite convinced that there is a small group of trolls who have no interest in either KDE or GNOME (or Linux in general), but who need their ego massaged by deliberately inciting and offending other people. Don't you guys have something better to do with your time?
Slightly more on-topic, I don't see the need for relying on exclusively KDE or GNOME applications. Sure, their visual appearance is different (so maybe Red Hat had the right idea about unifying themes?), but personally I like to use the best tool for the job. I use KDE as my day-to-day desktop, but I when it comes to the actual apps I use Mozilla, KMail, KDevelop, GVim, KPPP & Open Office... because I just find they suit my needs. Why should I HAVE to choose one set of applications? And just because Konq/Galeon/Opera/Emacs/whatever fulfills your needs, why assume that said application will be perfect for everyone else?
Hopefully the trolls will tire of posting abuse here and leave... I've actually really enjoyed visiting this site in the past, and it would be a pity if a small group of morons gave this site a bad name.
> Im quite convinced that there is a small group of trolls who have no interest
> in either KDE or GNOME (or Linux in general), but who need their ego massaged
> by deliberately inciting and offending other people.
It's a miracle! Somebody who gets it!
I think the name-calling editors will do a better job of giving the site a bad name than anonymous posters.
Which ones would those be Neil?
Neil, I'm sorry for calling you a !@#$ time and time again. I didn't know you'd take it *so* personally... ;-)
You are right - I just get a little irritated when idiots like the one grapefruit senlessly bash a decent program. I tend to forget sometimes that people like him want exactly that - to cause irritation and insite arguments. Next time I'll just ignore idiots who look to cause conflict. And I agree, there isn't any reason to soely use one desktop environment over the other - I mean some people take sides viciously like they actually work on the damn project or something. But as far as my personal opinion (stated in a calm mannor): after a clean installation of Linux RedHat (just for example), KDE has software advantages over Gnome, and RedHat has been known for being biased towards Gnome. Personally, I'm not biased towards either, nor do I have any attachments - I just want to use the best software for Linux, and KDE has been that for me thus far...
"Blablabla GNOME apps are better than KDE ones
blablabla KDE is a better Desktop than GNOME blablabla ..."
If I was not a linux user for 4 years, I believed our are takling about Batman vs. Spiderman or Pokemon vs. Digimon :)
Can you (Yes you behind your screen) stop trolling unusefully ?
KDE and GNOME are differents and have different goals :
- GNOME integrate different applications to integrate in a desktop but their design/ergonomy/communication protocol are different so know GNOME team as to work with the developpers to integrate bonobo, gconf, ergonomy norms. GNOME/Gtk apps are good but inhomegenous (If somebody can translate this in good english 'cause i am french ?) between them.
- KDE has work a lot on unification of applications : ergonomy, protocol,.... that's why DCOP, kparts,... are the squeleton of most of the KDE apps. For a long, GTK apps beat KDE one (gimp, xmms, abiword,...) but know it is not true (except for gimp).
noatun is very interesting as an alternative for xmms. It is completely (heaven gui) pluggeable and integrated in the KDE desktop. xmms has more plugins but is not integrated in GNOME.
koffice is an integrated office envirronement. Abiword + gnumeric + ... are much in advance but are not integrated :(
kmail vs. evolution depends of the user. They are very differents and can't really be compared (To my mine)
So : KDE and GNOME are differents but none of them is better than the other and unfortunetally nobody can say if I have a more long than yours :)
Trolling is an difficult art but none of these page's trolls are aristics ;)
Stop trolling !
Just out of curiosity, why is XMMS less integrated than noatun? I mean differences for the user. The same question would apply to Gimp, why isn't it integrated into GNOME? Yes it doesn't use the GNOME libraries but those aren't always needed. It uses the same widget style, dialogs like the open/save file dialog are the same, drag and drop works... For XMMS there is even an applet to control it from the panel. What else would be needed?
XMMS is less integrated than Noatun because its open file dialog is GTK one.
More over, XMMS isn't scriptable via DCOP. Last thing (but I'm not sure): does KDE remember XMMS opened windows when saving a session ?
does KDE remember XMMS opened windows when saving a session ?
Yes it does. KDE remember all applications launched leaving the session. I use this with gkrellm (gtk lib), wmcoincoin (windowmaker lib), konsole (Kde lib),...
It is not an integration problem
Xmms doesn't use Gnome file dialog (Which is much powerfull than gtk one)
It is not possible to integrate a part of it in other application (no bonobo) as noatun in konqueror. Of course it is not noatun who is integrated but a smaller player using its libs.
Xmms can't be manipulated by other apps and system("xmms-shell ...") is not a good way to do it ;)
Xmms manage its windows itself and not the way Gnome apps do (stay-on-top, position, display,...). Have you seeen than when you select "Show only borders when moving windows" in your favorite WM, it is not respect by xmms.
Xmms support drag&drop but all Gnome application don't. Xmms don't use d&d lib of Gnome :(
Gimp doesn't respect Gnome design/ergonomy norms (If this one exist ;)
Gimp use multiple windows and tools are in an other window.
Abiword use one window eaven for multiple document as gnumeric does.
Integration is useful and Gnome need to work on it.
I am waiting for abiword to integrate .xcf file in the document by using bonobo.
Koffice do something like this but apps need work to support more used mimes-types :(
> Xmms doesn't use Gnome file dialog (Which is much powerfull than gtk one)
What GNOME file dialog? There is one? Does any GNOME app use that dialog?
Yes there's a Bonobo-based file selector for GNOME 1 (if you meant that one) but it was never finished. I fail to understand what you mean by "more powerful". The standard GTK+ file dialog supports tab completition, THE future I use most. I don't know if this scares you, but *I can select files faster with the GTK+ file dialog than the Windows or KDE file dialog*! Ximian's GTK+ packages (with patches) fixes some of the most annoying bugs (like that the filename disappears when selecting a directory) and adds nice "Home", "Documents" and "Desktop" shortcut buttons. What more do you need?
And a new file dialog is planned for GNOME 2.2.
> I fail to understand what you mean by "more powerful".
I think he was pointing to the fact that the gtk+ file dialog is probably the most hated thing by end users of gtk apps.
Even the http://developer.gnome.org/gnome-ui/hitsquad/filedialog.html says that it is ;)
> The standard GTK+ file dialog supports tab completition, THE future I use most.
Wow, I didn't realize that it did. I'll have to check it out once I go home.
> And a new file dialog is planned for GNOME 2.2.
Yeah, the new file dialog will probably be great.
I think he was pointing to the fact that the gtk+ file dialog is probably the most hated thing by end users of gtk apps.
No it's not that. I love shell-style completion in gtk file dialog and I want this in KDE too because KDE one is less easy.
kde's file manager has several completion modes (drop down, auto, semi-auto, none) and has for a long, long time. what do you find lacking that isn't covered by one of these modes?
The problem is that TAB completion with most modes doesn't work in the file dialog because TAB jumps to the next element instead of completing the element. TAB only works with dropdown list mode, but then you still have no possibility to enter the next directory easily with the keyboard (or I didn't figure out how to do it). Tested with KDE 3.1 Beta. Also it seems to work completely different again in the input field at the top (moving to the next directory works by typing a slash, but dropdown autocompletion doesn't work here for me).
Other problems I found so far with the KDE dialog (this is meant and hopefully understood as some constructive criticism :)) are:
- Toolbar is a bit too complicated. At least "reload" doesn't need to be there for sure. ;) Especially as it autoupdates the view anyway if something changes... I believe that "back" and "forward" buttons are equally useless. Sometimes they might be handy but in most of the cases you only need the UP button so making this one a bit larger instead should be more efficient.
- The special folder input field at the top isn't convenient, why isn't there only one locationbar? There are three input fields in the dialog when zero would be sufficient.
- The encoding selection is completely ambiguous. What should a beginner do with it? Browsers can show descriptive names for it so I bet that it would be possible there, too.
- Drag and drop to shortcut list doesn't work. I guess that's a planned feature.
- The file view scrolls vertical. Ugh. At least the default view (small icons). I see the reasoning behind this, but... hm...
- I just tried the thumbnail preview (nice to have) but it overlapps files. Maybe this is a work in progress of the Beta. Also the view isn't saved, so I wonder if it would be usefull if you use it a lot with a graphics application as it's not really convenient to change the view.
Not that bad, but not perfect. ;)
"What more do you need?"
Don't get me started... ;) Yes the current Gtk 1.2 file dialog with "Home" and "Desktop" buttons patch works quite well, but there are so many things wrong with it:
- It looks ugly. ;) Not even small icons besides the files to separate them from each other and emblems are completely missing...
- The "Files" view is very small. Yes you can resize the window but it doesn't safe the size.
- No bookmarks or custom shortcuts.
- Tab completion isn't user visible (Nautilus and the KDE file dialog... no wait, it doesn't (I really thought it did) but Nautilus and Konqueror do and make it visible to the user by showing what would be completed when hitting tab (Konqueror by providing a list and Nautilus by showing the rest of the filename selected).
- No thumbnails view like in Nautilus. Would be extremely convenient when selecting images (previews are a poor alternative).
- No simple file save dialog (like in Mac OS X). Using the same layout for file open and file save seems overcomplicated to me, of course Windows and KDE suffer from the same problem.
- Save dialog does not support "drag and drop saving". Granted, neither does anyone else but RISC and ROX...
- No possibility to show hidden files (you have to type "." and hit tab to see them).
- "../" isn't exactly what a new computer user should use to go up a directory and "./" is... well... nothing.
So I really can't wait for the new dialog that will hopefully use a Nautilus view. :)
I just hope that will remain as simple as it is right now as I believe that a file dialog should be as straight forward as possible, not a full blown file manager. I also hope that Nautilus will get a column view that can be used for it as I really like it.
Please stop trolling :)
I agry with you that completion is missing in KDE file dialog (One exist but less easy than in gtk file dialog) :(
What I need more is unification : I want the same file dialog (with Desktop, Home, patatipatata...) for all application belonging to Gnome.
> Please stop trolling :)
I assume that this is your idea of a joke? -_-
"Xmms doesn't use Gnome file dialog (Which is much powerfull than gtk one)"
As Stof already said, which GNOME dialog? ;) Gtk and GNOME file dialog are equal(ly bad) and I hope that the new one will be equal too. It doesn't make much sense to have two different file dialogs.
"It is not possible to integrate a part of it in other application (no bonobo)"
True, that's the advantage of gstreamer... But then again, there are other music player libs so there is no real difference for the user (Nautilus can play music just fine).
"Xmms manage its windows itself and not the way Gnome apps do (stay-on-top, position, display,...)."
Ok, but that's a minor issue. Winamp for Windows does the same and nobody cares... But it really should rather follow the wmspecs than Winamp...
"Xmms support drag&drop but all Gnome application don't. Xmms don't use d&d lib of Gnome :("
What do you mean? I can drag songs to XMMS, what else do I need in XMMS?
"Gimp doesn't respect Gnome design/ergonomy norms (If this one exist ;)"
Gimp does follow the HIG (mostly)! Well at least the Gtk2 version does. :)
Of course it has a very unique design but every application is free to apply the design that is most efficient for the particular task. There is no right or wrong here and no common way that is best for every work.
"I am waiting for abiword to integrate .xcf file in the document by using bonobo."
This would be nice, but I guess that Gimp could be bonobonized without using the GNOME libraries (besides libbonobo of course). Just like OpenOffice.org. And this doesn't apply to XMMS. ;)
What I mean is, there is no real need for Gimp and XMMS to use the GNOME-libs as it wouldn't make any real difference for the user, so why should they do it?
> What I mean is, there is no real need for Gimp and XMMS to use the GNOME-libs as it wouldn't make any real difference for the user, so why should they do it?
How about things from gnome-libs such as stock icons, dialogs, and other infastructure things such as gconf?
But you're right, the reasons for using GNOME and KDE libraries versus GTK+ or Qt has gone down. In fact, a lot of people (who don't use GNOME or KDE) prefer pure gtk+ or qt apps.
Well, stock icons aren't specific to GNOME. Those are part of Gtk AFAIK. And gconf is not GNOME specific either, in fact it could be used just as good by KDE applications. *hinthint* ;)
>And gconf is not GNOME specific either, in fact it could be used just as good by KDE applications. *hinthint* ;)
Gconf is horrible. Let us hope that KDE never uses it. Hint hint :)
There you go again. What makes GConf more horrible than KdeConfig? They are both universal frontends which are able to use different backends. GConf doesn't have to use the default XML backend, you can use the LDAP backend or whatever backend you want. Same story for KdeConfig. What makes you think GConf is so horrible other than the stupid propaganda from anti-GNOME trolls?
> Integration is useful and Gnome need to work on it.
> I am waiting for abiword to integrate .xcf file in the document by using
> bonobo.
> Koffice do something like this but apps need work to support more used mimes-> types :(
Well, Integration is important, but in this day and age, users focus on the application more than the document. This has been tried and tried again to be fixed by various software developers, but no approach has so far worked. Take for example OpenDoc/Document-Subscriber Linking by Apple and Microsoft OLE/DirectX Objects/Universal Data Access/DDE. Kparts/DCOP and Bonobo sound great from a developers perspective, but I don't think
The only exception I make to this is probably things like Windows Explorer and Konqueror being both file managers and web browsers (among other things). I think Bonobo's growth in usage will perhaps only come through increased protrayal of Nautilus as a web browser.
Of course, this will never happen because of galeon.
integration in KDE is alive and well. it works primarily because most users are completely unaware that it is happening. i often hear comments about how kde "just seems to work". the seams that hold the applications together are pretty well invisible thanks to UI merging, ktrader autodetection of parts, aggressive use of interfaces and libraries, etc, etc..
the user can concentrate on what they perceive to be the "application" while the desktop provides document-centric integration transparently.
call it ubiquitous integration, if you will =)
It looks like the Linux Journal Editors have taken their time to choose carefully the software that pleased them. On the KDE side, KDE was awarded. On the Gnome/Gtk side, Mozilla + Galeon, Gimp, and Evolution were awarded. This is what these people think as users. There is nothing more to say about it.
Now if all people that just have to say "Kmail is better than Evolution" and "I like Galeon more than Konqueror", could refrain to post, that would be good. Currently, the dot looks like a child court, all childs saying "my father has a better job than yours".
We are all aware of the state of KDE and Gnome and it does not bring much anything to state your personal preference here. If you want to bash/defend gnome or KDE without any sensible arguments, there is an area dedicated to this: Slashdot
If you post here, please try to raise the level of the conversation instead of making it fall down. Like having backed-up facts and technical arguments. And there is no use to do it for every news at dot.kde.org
Overall, I find Galeon an excellent browser. However, it bothers me that I have to have Mozilla installed. I may as well use Mozilla. Also, I've had a problem with Galeon for the longest time. It won't keep my toolbar where I want it, i.e. after the location bar. Different people have reported the same or similar problems, but no one seems to have fixed it. At least that was the case about a month or so ago. Konqueror had many problems with a lot of web sites, but with KDE 3.0, it seems to be really improved and the difficulties are really much less frequent.
Everyone has a reason for picking certain apps. All apps have their pros and cons. Stating that App XYZ sucks is not very contructive.
Anyway...I like KDE because of the unified look and feel and how everything is so well integrated. But I don't knock people who like Gnome either.
Keep up the good work KDE devlopers!
> Konqueror had many problems with a lot of web sites
Is it not possible to use the Gecko-engine (Mozilla) with Konqueror?
congrats to everyone involved in creating and supporting KDE! you've done a great job and continue to do so.... thanks for all of you efforts and for gifting us with a terrific environment and set of apps...
speaking of which... as for seeing more KDE *apps* get the nod in the future, this is obviously where our challenge lies. popular opinion is that KDE apps aren't up to snuff. unfortunately, popular opinion usually lingers long after the facts have changed. let's just keep making better apps and more of them. our users will thank us every step along the way and eventually, with enough dilligence and effort, public opinion will turn around as well...
i can hear the tide rolling in ...
To all guys scewing against echother that GNOME or KDE is better, think about this: both systems have their strong and weak points. For example:
KDE: good intergration, but lacks quality at single applications.
GNOME: lacks intergration, but has good quality at single applications.
So insted of fighting, why not combine the powers of both sides. For example:
GNOME-aplications with the look and feel of KDE, nicely intergrated in the KDE-desktop. Ofcouse the same story for KDE-apps in gnome.
Now this days I still a lot of diffence in the interfaces of all sort of Linux-programs. Apple and Windows are much further in creating one similair look and feel and this makes those systems more userfiendly, esspecially for non-technical users.
If KDE and GNOME could develop (together) a sytem that when you use one of these desktops, all KDE- and GNOME- (and perhaps others) apps have the same look and feel (even the same icons, open / save dialogs, etc. etc.), them I'sure that Linux becomes much more userfrienly and nicer to use.
Because in the end, both efforts of KDE and GNOME are the creation of the best userinterface and applications for (mostly) Linux......and Linux exist because collaboration, not figting, flametrowing, trolling, screwing or whatever.
By the way, this project already seems to try to the things I just said above:
of course people can use GNOME and KDE apps on the same system. as well as GTK, Qt, Xlib, Athena, Fox, etc, etc, etc... apps..
GNOME and KDE will probably always remain somewhat unique, however.
as for freedesktop.org, it is a cooperation between the two projects, not a seperate project. so you can look to it for further cooperation between the two, but not some meta-project.
> KDE: good intergration, but lacks quality at single applications.
I think the applications have gotten better since 3.0.
> GNOME: lacks intergration, but has good quality at single applications.
I think integration has gotten better since 2.0.
Basically, I don't think old standards (that may have been true less than a year ago) apply to rapidly changing desktops such as KDE and GNOME.
seems like dot.kde.org
receive many "slashdot quality" post
these days.
xxx is better than yyy !
No, yyy is total crap !
Yeah, I get it. Please stop complaining, it only makes the situation worse. This is a banned user who keeps jumping through hoops to get back on this site. Let us work it out.
sorry Navindra,
now you can banned me for this poor post :)
yes, you can to it!
anyway, thanks for the contribution.
Heh, we don't ban non-abusers for no reason. :-)
That message wasn't directed at only you either.
You sure? An admin (from another website) once said that the whole point of having power is to abuse it. :)
Yes you do. You ban them for having opinions that you don't like - and what's more, your own posts are sub-slashdot flamebait. In fact, you are the worst webmaster I've ever seen.
If you don't know how to stop the flames KDE vs. Gnome here
is my ideea. Why Evolution and KMail and Mozilla and OpenOffice
use different mailboxes?
At least KDE & Gnome (if not together with Mozila and OO) should
go hand in hand in creating a shared library for:
- Managing mailboxes, mail accounts/settings etc.
- Address-books, Organizer (meetings, calendar, notes etc...)
- Better cut/paste cooperation (including images)
- User settings (Desktop Icons, Menu entries, Documents dirs)
- Browser bookmarks, history and why not cookie.
Both KDE and Gnome got the bad Windows Ideea to be "application centric".
Heck, is not the applications the users care about, but the data.
They care about their e-mails, their accounts, their documents,
and settings etc... The one who want to try evolution must be able just to
start-it and have all the e-mails and settings in place.
If after a couple of weeks, he decide to go back on Kmail, everything
reveived with Evolution should be there.
Why duplicate effort in implementing 2 sound systems?
You have one, OK. Ask the other guys to provide bindings for
the other.
And so on. Duplicating efforts and trolling at each other it is
a good activity if you want users to stay in the Bill's courtyard.
Just my only 2 cents....
That is one of my small gripes at the moment. These are open source apps, yet I can't import and export Mail, address books, and other documents easily. I'd like to be able to easily and quickly view and edit KWord docs in Abiword, OO.org or Emacs, or Abiword or OO.org docs in KWord. If we're going to have millions of incompatable standards it's not good. I'm not suggesting having just one document format for all these programs, because they are all different. But they should be able to interchange documents.
One thing that I do to address interoperability with mail is to run an IMAP daemon on my machine locally. Then I just set kmail or whatever to use IMAP on localhost. Sure, kmail wants to create its own mail folders, but I can live with that; the mail is still accessible from Pine, kmail and anything else that supports IMAP. Even file locking works, so I don't have to worry about corruption or otherwise if two programs decide to access data simultaneously.
If you're not into getting an IMAP server going, a lot of times, you can just make links between pine's mbox, kmail's inbox, netscape's whatever, since they all use the same flat-file format for storing mail (just different file names). Be sure to back up though!
I believe that the Sun people are working on getting some standards for document types: http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/4/26900.html
And work is going into this too thanks to the german govt.: http://www.1dok.org/de/
Designing good document formats is a big deal, and I'm glad that nobody's just accepted a half-ass standard yet and instead taken time to see what is needed and what can work.
> - Better cut/paste cooperation (including images)
Why do people keep asking this? *Clipboard has been fixed on KDE 3.0*!!
> Why duplicate effort in implementing 2 sound systems?
GNOME is planning on moving away from esd and switching to arts. I don't know what the progress is, though...
"Why do people keep asking this? *Clipboard has been fixed on KDE 3.0*!!"
I think he was asking about other data than simple text. Clipboard doesn't exactly work with images and other data.
"GNOME is planning on moving away from esd and switching to arts. I don't know what the progress is, though..."
Gstreamer will support arts. The question remains, which soundserver will be default. I hope that arts becomes the de facto standard as we need one (it's especially important for gaming, I want to play Quake while listening to music and talking to people via voicecom! Well, at least two of this).
I whish though that KDE would adopt Gstreamer in turn =) but it doesn't look like it (I would be happy to be proven wrong though).
While KDE will use GNOME code, GNOME will never use KDE code. The chance of GNOME using arts is zero because arts is too much of a 'KDE project'. There is a possibility of Gstreamer in KDE, but the only way KDE code will end up in GNOME is if some developer a) Incorporates KDE code by accident or b) Removes all trace of KDE developer copyrights in the code. Cooperation between KDE and GNOME has always been one way, this will never change.
Nah. I can think of at least the early version of khtml became the early version of gtkhtml (or somesuch gnome lib). Abiword and the KOffice group get along. If I've seen those two, I'm sure there are plenty of other examples.
If I recall correctly, gtkhtml is a port of khtmlw (kde 1.x), and gtkhtml2 is a port of khtml (pre2.0-3.x)
> Cooperation between KDE and GNOME has always been one way, this will never change.
You obviously neglected xdnd, _NETWM, desktop entries, and of course, clipboard behavior changes.
Of course, these came from freedesktop.org, a site started and maintained by Havoc Pennington, who has always been one of the most important GNOME/gtk+/and *shrudder* RedHat developers. Through freedesktop, there has been much cooperation and standards sharing between KDE and GNOME. This is actually more practical than code sharing in most of the time.
RedHat to the rescue.
They are building a new enviroment that mixes KDE with GNOME.
People in both projects are pissed off at them but I'm so happy they are trying to solve the problem instead of trolling :-)
Way to go redhat!!!
This isn't the right way to solve the problem and Redhat knows it.


text:
Posts Tagged 'debility'
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text:
For the most part, the
articles/columns linked below appear in chronological order, beginning with the
At the Intersection of Politics, Science, Faith, and Reason. A website by Trevor Grant Thomas designed to inform the world from a Christian conservative worldview, and to make new and better disciples of Jesus Christ.
The ultimate question for us all: What shall I do with Jesus? (Matt. 27:22) And recall, we are slaves to the one we obey (Rom. 6:16). Thus, the question is, WHOSE SLAVE ARE YOU?


text:
This is not an offer for credit and should be used for estimation purposes only based on the information you provided. You should not base your decision on this estimate alone. Title, registration, tax and other fees, and personal circumstances such as employment status and personal credit history, were not considered in the calculations.
Honda Products
*MSRP excludes destination charge. Visit powersports.honda.com to view applicable destination charge amount


text:
Surf Shacks: An Eclectic Compilation of Surfers' Homes from Coast to Coast
Regular price
Surfing is a way of life. A life dominated by the waves and the tide with a cozy place to pause in between. Creative personalities crafting bold homes, Surf Shacks illustrates how surfers live both on and off shore. Many abodes can fall under the label of surf shack: New York City apartments, cabins nestled next to Royal National Park, or tiny Hawaiian huts. Surfing communities are overflowing with creativity, innovation, and rich personalities. Surf Shacks takes a deeper look at surfers' homes and artistic habits. Glimpses of record collections, strolls through backyard gardens, or a peek into a painter's studio provide insight into surfers' lives both on and off shore. Through anecdotes and photographs, illustrations and conversations, Surf Shacks reveals a more personal side to surfing and its eclectic cast of characters.
Publisher: Gestalten
Publication Date: 04/19/2017
Pages: 256


text:
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Research Graduate
Graduate students also have the opportunity to do research under the supervision of a full-time chemistry faculty.
A student may enroll in CHE 590 for one semester of research, which could be used as an elective that satisfies the requirements for the MS degree in chemistry for those graduate students in the comprehensive exam track. In addition, a graduate student that wishes to pursue the thesis track of the MS degree must complete CHE 588, CHE 589, CHE 590, and CHE 591 during four consecutive semesters. In CHE 588 students will learn how to search the chemical literature. Registration for CHE 588 must precede enrollment in CHE 589. CHE 588 is also available to students in the non-thesis track as an elective. CHE 589 requires that a detailed research proposal is written which must be approved by an internal department committee and submitted to the graduate school. Preliminary experiments can be performed as part of CHE 589 after the proposal has been approved by the department. CHE 590, which must be taken after the research proposal from CHE 589 has been completed and approved, will involve working in the lab alongside a full-time faculty member. During the following semester, the student will register for CHE 591 to obtain final experimental results during the initial part of the semester. Towards the completion of CHE 591, the student will write a graduate thesis and defend his/her research in an oral defense. The thesis must be approved by both a department internal committee and by the graduate school. Therefore, the graduate thesis must adhere to the graduate school theses timelines as well as comply with the graduate school guidelines and department graduate research guidelines. CHE 590 and CHE 591 may only be taken once.


text:
You're already writing decent commit messages. Let's see if we can level you up
to awesome. Other developers, especially you-in-two-weeks and
you-from-next-year, will thank you for your forethought and verbosity when they
run git blame
to see why that conditional is there.
The first line should always be 50 characters or less and that it should be followed by a blank line. Vim ships with syntax, indent, and filetype plugins for Git commits which can help here.
Add this line to your
to add spell checking and automatic wrapping at the recommended 72 columns to you commit messages.autocmd Filetype gitcommit setlocal spell textwidth=72
Never use the
-m <msg>
flag togit commit
.It gives you a poor mindset right off the bat as you will feel that you have to fit your commit message into the terminal command, and makes the commit feel more like a one-off argument than a page in history:
git commit -m "Fix login bug"
A more useful commit message might be:
Redirect user to the requested page after login https://trello.com/path/to/relevant/card Users were being redirected to the home page after login, which is less useful than redirecting to the page they had originally requested before being redirected to the login form. * Store requested path in a session variable * Redirect to the stored location after successfully logging in the user
Answer the following questions:
Why is this change necessary?
This question tells reviewers of your pull request what to expect in the commit, allowing them to more easily identify and point out unrelated changes.
How does it address the issue?
Describe, at a high level, what was done to affect change.
Introduce a red/black tree to increase search speed
orRemove <troublesome gem X>, which was causing <specific description of issue introduced by gem>
are good examples.If your change is obvious, you may be able to omit addressing this question.
What side effects does this change have?
This is the most important question to answer, as it can point out problems where you are making too many changes in one commit or branch. One or two bullet points for related changes may be okay, but five or six are likely indicators of a commit that is doing too many things.
Your team should have guidelines and rules-of-thumb for how much can be done in a single commit/branch.
Consider making including a link to the issue/story/card in the commit message a standard for your project. Full urls are more useful than issue numbers, as they are more permanent and avoid confusion over which issue tracker it references.
This is generally done as the first paragraph after the summary, on line 3.
Having a story in your git log will make a huge difference in how you and others perceive your project. By taking great care in commit messages, as you do in your code, you will help to increase overall quality.
Special thanks to Tim Pope, whose Note About Git Commit Messages literally sets the standard for a good commit message.
Additional thanks to the creator of Git and a real stickler for a good commit message, Linus Torvalds.


text:
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