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The previous article of this series"Deploying Windows XP, Using the Windows PE", presented an alternative approach to traditional methods of unattended setup of Windows XP, based on Windows PE (Preinstallation Environment) technology. Although this approach offers numerous benefits, including reduced installation time, improved hardware support, and enhanced scripting capabilities, its main drawback is limited availability (and pricing), since the required software is provided exclusively to Microsoft Enterprise Agreement and Software Assurance Membership customers.
The Systems Management Server 2003 Operating System Deployment Feature Pack delivers the benefits of Windows PE — reduced installation time, improved hardware support, and scripting capabilities — without its inherent availability problems.
However, several other options are out there for organizations that want to take advantage of the same set of benefits inherent to 32-bit preinstallation environment. This article will focus on one of them: the Systems Management Server (SMS) 2003 Operating System Deployment Feature Pack.
Microsoft's Systems Management Server 2003, like its predecessors (SMS 1.2. and 2.0), delivers a variety of management features, such as, centralized software and hardware inventory, application deployment and licensing management, and help desk support (e.g., the ability to control, execute, reboot, chat, and transfer files while interacting with remote clients). The scope of its functionality has been continuously expanding and now includes, Active Directory integration, improved roaming capabilities, more efficient handling of low-bandwidth connections, and, with the introduction of the SMS 2003 Operating System Deployment Feature Pack released in November 2004, installation of operating system images. Although it is possible to upgrade Windows clients with earlier versions of SMS, the new add-on simplifies this, significantly reducing the impact of incompatibility issues caused by legacy software and operating system settings. SMS has streamlined the process with automated application installation and user state migration, as well as integration with standard SMS software deployment mechanisms and leveraging collected inventory information.
The SMS 2003 OS Deployment Feature Pack is available for download from the Microsoft Web site. It can be used free of charge but only as a component of Systems Management Server 2003. It must be installed on an SMS site server, and it does not operate as a stand-alone product. In addition, since the Feature Pack leverages Windows PE technology (in several stages of the process), it also covers its licensing requirements. SMS 2003 servers must have Service Pack 1 applied (and, potentially, the hotfix described in the Microsoft Knowledge base article 888311, if Active Directory Site Boundaries are used).
Since user state migration is part of the deployment process, we recommend using the most recent version of the User State Migration Tool (version 2.6.4 or later), which can be downloaded from the Microsoft Web site. It is not, however, included with the Feature Pack. (For more information on its functionality, refer to previous articles in this series.) In addition, since during Windows PE portion of the installation client computers obtain their IP configuration dynamically, the environment must have an active DHCP server servicing subnets where they reside.
Since user state migration is part of the deployment process, we recommend using the most recent version of the User State Migration Tool (version 2.6.4 or later), which can be downloaded from the Microsoft Web site.
The majority of tasks the Feature Pack handles take advantage of SMS' capabilities. Hardware and software inventory provide a basis for selecting installation targets. Operating system images are represented in the SMS Management console as packages (under Image Packages node, they are created automatically when the OS Deployment Feature pack is installed on the site server), and they are delivered in the form of advertisements to collections functioning as containers for SMS clients. This approach follows the standard software deployment mechanism established since SMS 2.0, and every SMS administrator should be familiar with it.
The OS Deployment Feature Pack also supports Remote Installation Services and CD-based installation methods. It allows a "wipe and load" install on any system, regardless of whether SMS client software is present. Definitions of packages containing OS images are copied automatically across the entire SMS site hierarchy. Actual images, once selected for distribution, follow a bandwidth-optimized transfer algorithm between SMS sites and Distribution Points. Status monitoring includes image packages and advertisements, which simplifies troubleshooting and resolves any deployment issues.


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I know from reading Microsoft documentation that the "primary" use of the IDisposable
interface is to clean up unmanaged resources.
To me, "unmanaged" means things like database connections, sockets, window handles, etc. But, I've seen code where the Dispose()
method is implemented to free managed resources, which seems redundant to me, since the garbage collector should take care of that for you.
For example:
public class MyCollection : IDisposable
private List<String> _theList = new List<String>();
private Dictionary<String, Point> _theDict = new Dictionary<String, Point>();
// Die, clear it up! (free unmanaged resources)
public void Dispose()
_theList = null;
_theDict = null;
My question is, does this make the garbage collector free memory used by MyCollection
any faster than it normally would?
Edit: So far people have posted some good examples of using IDisposable
to clean up unmanaged resources such as database connections and bitmaps. But suppose that _theList
in the above code contained a million strings, and you wanted to free that memory now, rather than waiting for the garbage collector. Would the above code accomplish that?

subset: commoncrawl


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Home Plumbing Contractor Free Plumbing and Heating Contractor Business Strategy Questionnaire 5.6 Sales Strategy Questionnaire
What is Sales Strategy and how can a small business like Central Plumbing & Heating Inc. benefit from having one?
Sales strategy is probably the single most important items that can directly make or break a small business like Central Plumbing & Heating Inc. Why you ask? Well, the answer is very simple - for most businesses - the amount of product or service they sell directly affects their ability to stay in business. Thus coming up with a comprehensive sales strategy is key to their sales and survival. Most small businesses think that sales is the only thing that matters and how you come up with the sales is not important at all - we beg to differ - your sales strategy is what drives your sales efforts in the right direction and if you get your strategy wrong, you will most certainly not be doing as well as you should or could be doing.
Components of a sales strategy that a business owner like Felix Gonzalez needs to know about?
A comprehensive sales strategy begins with a clear understanding of the market place and the behavior of your clients as well as your competitors:Sensitivity to pricing: Are your clients extremely price sensitive? Do they react quickly to even small changes in prices?Size of Competition: Do you have a lot of competition for your products and services in a target market like Mecklenburg County, North Carolina?Competitors Strategies: Do your competitors have a very tight and competitive pricing strategy - are they pricing their products and services on the high or low side?Incentives: does your target market respond well to incentives like coupons, discounts and sales.Positioning: Where have you positioned yourself in the market place - are you seen as the low cost average quality provider or are you looked at as the high cost high quality provider of goods and services?
The pricing of your product or service and the price breaks you give to your clients are the most important elements of your sales strategy. Price your products or service too high and you will risk losing a large part of the market to your competitors - price it too low and you will risk giving your business away and not generate enough revenues and thereby profits to break even and stay in business. In larger businesses. sales strategy is a highly complicated element of day to day business operations and it entails having a very keen understanding of the marketplace. If you happen to be in retail, you must understand that your pricing ties into your positioning and is critical to survival.
In competitive target markets like Mecklenburg County, North Carolina small business owners like Felix Gonzalez are finding that not only do they have to compete with with businesses locally, but they have to compete with the interent that has resulted in the narrowing of profit margins for almost every industry.
While price may well be one side of the sales coin, the other side if volume. The balance between price and volume of sales tends to be an inverse relationship but it may not always be the case. Make sure you read about the section entitled Positioning.
What if I want to compete at the lower end of the market for my products or services?
If you are a business that is offering a product or service and you are looking to be the low cost provider for that product or service in a competitive target market like Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, remember that you will have a very tough time surviving if you are not able to generate the volume necessary to cover your overheads and break even cost. Businesses that compete on the lower end of the price spectrum look towards sales volume to make up for the loss of revenues they face due to the lowered price. This concept of pricing and profitability applies towards both goods and services.
We have always been advising small businesses like Central Plumbing & Heating Inc. that they can choose to offer their clients any two of three key components of the positioning triangle - Cost, Quality and Time. Thus depending on which of the two elements you choose to focus on, you will have to construct your sales strategy accordingly.
You must understand the constraints that these three elements of your positioning have on how you operate your business on a day to day basis. For example if you are an attorney or mortgage professional that provides high quality service with very good turnaround times, you will find it very difficult to price yourself at the bottom end of the market. You will have to increase your prices to survive because having great quality and turnaround times in your business entails that you have a well functioning office and staff and that of course entails an increase in your operational costs that you now have to cover.
How does a small business like Central Plumbing & Heating Inc. compete at the higher end of the market place?
Competing at the higher end of the market is not simply about increasing the prices for your products or service. You must have a keen understanding of your clients expectations when they pay up for your goods or services. Thus if you are in the food service business and you decide to raise your prices without an understanding of your clients expectation, you could take a hit in sales. If you start increasing your prices for your fast food offerings when the rest of your competitors are not doing so, you could actually loose market share - on the other hand if you are increasing prices but are also offering larger portions, you may actually benefit since the customer may view you to be a better bargain than your competitor - needless to say, your food still needs to taste as goes as it used to as well!
What sales strategy should I adopt in a slow market or recession?
Slow markets come and go - businesses that survive tend to be the ones that are able to keep their costs down and have a low break even and thus adjust their sales strategy accordingly to generate at least enough sales to ride our the storm. While we don't recommend that you change your sales strategy completely, since that can affect your positioning, you will have to recognize the reality of a slower sales environment and make some adjustment accordingly.
We recommend that you offer your clients discounts more aggressively and use a lot more promotions to get clients into your store or use you for your services. Moving the merchandise is much more important in tough times than holding on to a higher price point. In very competitive target markets like Mecklenburg County, Central Plumbing & Heating Inc. clients may be very price conscious but they also tend to be creatures of habits. Thus if you already have an established clientele for your goods or services, all you really have to do is show them that you have a recognition of the slower economic times and are offering them some discounts to keep their patronage.
The real challenge is of course if you have just started a new business and are in the process of creating a client base, and a recession or slow down hits the economy at the same time. This is why we recommend that new business owners keep their leverage and operating costs as low as possible, so they can withstand a slowdown as they are building up their clientele. Once a business is mature, they have the ability to ride out economic storms and in fact gobble up market share as weaker and newer competitors go out of business.
Quick Links:
Articles on the Small Business Financing Sources, the Small Business Loan Basics, small business loans Checklist and SBA Loans are incredible sources of knowledge for the small business owner.
Credit Report and Credit Score Analysis, how to Read a Personal Credit Report and all about Business Credit cover the intricacies of credit and are required reading for everybody.
The Foundation Grant Directory is a free listing of sources for grants by state. Why not look if there is some free money out there for your business. Hey - you never know!
The Business Loan Application covers every item you will need in your loan package and tells you how to get approved for business loans.
Fire your loan broker and use our Free Business Loans Bank / Lender Directory to find every bank in the country lending to small businesses.
If you are looking to start a business - look no further. Check out the Free Incorporation Guide discussion and the State Incorporation Resource Directory.


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Here's are a couple other versions I worked on:
(This one would have the photo and birth details inside. I didn't mock that part up yet.)
For all three cards, I started with a designer template and changed a few elements to customize it. I love that you can start go the quick and easy route and use a template or create from scratch.
Ready to learn more about My Digital Studio? Check out this introduction video from Stampin' Up! and click here for more information about the software.
Click HERE to Order Stampin' Up! Products Online, Anytime!


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Coffee, Cake & Cookies in Budapest
The coffee-houses of Budapest are reminders of a grand, and often times, tragic past of the Hungarian twin-cities. Once, a part of the mighty Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Buda hills and the flatlands of Pest across the Danube, are now a faint reflection of that glory. Nevertheless, efforts are now on to refurbish the past, for the present.
After a hectic bout of sightseeing, sitting out your tiredness at one of many classic coffee-houses in Budapest, sipping a hot cuppa with a slice of some delicious cake is just what the doctor ordered for relaxation. Allow your mind to wander back to the 19th century when artists and writers created their works at these tables as they could ill-afford to heat up their homes. (Not much seems to have changed for their modern-day ilk either). Fearing underground communication, the Communist regime closed down every coffee-house there was in 1948.
Restored to its former glory, the Ruszwurm located in the Castle District in Buda is the oldest such coffee house. Small, but cosy, you just cannot have enough of their coffee and a finger-licking treat the owner reportedly invented. It is called the Linzer biscuit and is a sandwich of shortcake slices glued together with apricot jam. I was given to believe that their cakes and pastries were a must at the breakfast table of Elizabeth, Empress of Austria.
Across the Danube standing in the heart of Pest is the Café Gerbeaud, another one of the oldest, and also the most famous. In fact, it was recommended as a must-visit by practically everyone I met in some of the other countries of the European Union. Once I got there, I could see why. The café's three shops and a terrace opening out at the Vorosmarty Square exude tradition and style. Named after Emile Gerbeaud, the Swiss pastry chef who bought it in 1884, his tongue-twisting creation, the konyakos meggy is to die for. Or die of. This bonbon is in effect sour cherry soaked in cognac and covered in dark chocolate.
Another sinful concoction is their flagship home-made cake called, simply, the Gerbeaud cake: layers of sponge filled with ground walnut and jam, and coated in chocolate. However, I went back more than once to dig into another of their sweet delights, a chestnut puree with whipped cream called Gesztenye puree. They served a variety of strudels, too, but I must be true to the poppy seed ones prepared by my hostess. If you are a lover of ice-cream, they do some mean servings throughout the summer months.
Then there's the New York Café, now re-opened along with a luxury hotel of the same name. It was the most elegant café at the turn of the 20th century and hosted some of the greatest writers and poets of the time. One of them apparently wanted the café to remain open around the clock and threw its key into the Danube!
The fashionable Andrassy Avenue, likened to the Champs Elysee, is home to another much loved café, especially by the elderly. A bit like our Indian Coffee House, the Muvesz Kavehaz leaves you with an impression of a past well-spent, minus the original grandeur. A place for quiet moments, mulling over the bittersweet history of the proud Magyars, all but silenced by the goose-step.


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The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Private First Class Desmond Thomas Doss, United States Army, for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action above and beyond the call of duty from April 29 - 21 May 1945, while serving with the Medical Detachment, 307th Infantry Regiment, 77th Infantry Division, in action at Urasoe Mura, Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands.
Private First Class Doss was a company aid man when the 1st Battalion assaulted a jagged escarpment 400 feet high As our troops gained the summit, a heavy concentration of artillery, mortar and machinegun fire crashed into them, inflicting approximately 75 casualties and driving the others back. Private First Class Doss refused to seek cover and remained in the fire-swept area with the many stricken, carrying them one-by-one to the edge of the escarpment and there lowering them on a rope-supported litter down the face of a cliff to friendly hands. On 2 May, he exposed himself to heavy rifle and mortar fire in rescuing a wounded man 200 yards forward of the lines on the same escarpment; and two days later he treated four men who had been cut down while assaulting a strongly defended cave, advancing through a shower of grenades to within eight yards of enemy forces in a cave's mouth, where he dressed his comrades' wounds before making four separate trips under fire to evacuate them to safety. On 5 May, he unhesitatingly braved enemy shelling and small arms fire to assist an artillery officer. He applied bandages, moved his patient to a spot that offered protection from small arms fire and, while artillery and mortar shells fell close by, painstakingly administered plasma. Later that day, when an American was severely wounded by fire from a cave, Private First Class Doss crawled to him where he had fallen 25 feet from the enemy position, rendered aid, and carried him 100 yards to safety while continually exposed to enemy fire. On 21 May, in a night attack on high ground near Shuri, he remained in exposed territory while the rest of his company took cover, fearlessly risking the chance that he would be mistaken for an infiltrating Japanese and giving aid to the injured until he was himself seriously wounded in the legs by the explosion of a grenade. Rather than call another aid man from cover, he cared for his own injuries and waited five hours before litter bearers reached him and started carrying him to cover. The trio was caught in an enemy tank attack and Private First Class Doss, seeing a more critically wounded man nearby, crawled off the litter; and directed the bearers to give their first attention to the other man. Awaiting the litter bearers' return, he was again struck, this time suffering a compound fracture of one arm. With magnificent fortitude he bound a rifle stock to his shattered arm as a splint and then crawled 300 yards over rough terrain to the aid station. Through his outstanding bravery and unflinching determination in the face of desperately dangerous conditions Private First Class Doss saved the lives of many soldiers. His name became a symbol throughout the 77th Infantry Division for outstanding gallantry far above and beyond the call of duty.
General Orders: War Department, General Orders No. 97 (November 1, 1945)
Action Date: April 29 - May 21, 1945
Library of Congress Blog Article


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Candlestick Park
"The Stick" | |
Former names | Harney Stadium (1956–1959) Candlestick Park (1960–1995, 2008–2013) 3Com Park at Candlestick Point (1995–2002) San Francisco Stadium at Candlestick Point (2002–2004) Monster Park (2004–2008) |
Address | 602 Jamestown Avenue |
Location | San Francisco, California |
Coordinates | 37°42′49″N 122°23′10″W / 37.71361°N 122.38611°W |
Public transit | Gilman/Paul |
Owner | City and County of San Francisco |
Operator | San Francisco Recreation & Parks Department |
Capacity | 43,765 (1960) 63,000 (Baseball) 69,732[5] (Football) |
Field size | Left field 330 ft (1960), 335 ft Left-center field & Right-center field 397 ft (1960), 365 ft[6] Center field 420 ft (1960), 400 ft Right field 330 ft (1960), 328 ft Backstop 73 ft (1960), 66 ft |
Surface | Bluegrass (1960–1969, 1979–2013) AstroTurf (1970–1978) |
Construction | |
Broke ground | August 12, 1958[1] |
Opened | April 12, 1960 |
Closed | August 14, 2014 |
Demolished | February 4 – September 24, 2015 |
Construction cost | US$15 million ($154 million in 2023 dollars[2]) |
Architect | John Bolles & Associates |
Structural engineer | Chin and Hensolt, Inc.[3] |
General contractor | Charles Harney Co.[4] |
Tenants | |
San Francisco Giants (MLB) (1960–1999) San Francisco 49ers (NFL) (1971–2013) Oakland Raiders (AFL) (1960–1961) San Francisco Golden Gate Gales (USA) (1967) |
Candlestick Park was an outdoor stadium on the West Coast of the United States, located in San Francisco's Hunters Point area. The stadium was originally the home of Major League Baseball's San Francisco Giants, who played there from 1960 until 1999, after which the Giants moved into Pacific Bell Park (since renamed Oracle Park) in 2000. It was also the home field of the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League from 1971 through 2013. The 49ers moved to Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara for the 2014 season. The last event held at Candlestick was a concert by Paul McCartney in August 2014, and the demolition of the stadium was completed in September 2015. As of 2019, the site is planned to be redeveloped into office space.[7]
The stadium was situated at Candlestick Point on the western shore of San Francisco Bay. Candlestick Point was named for the "candlestick birds" (long-billed curlews) that populated the area for many years. Due to Candlestick Park's location next to the bay, strong winds often swirled down into the stadium, creating unusual playing conditions. At the time of its construction in the late 1950s, the stadium site was one of the few pieces of land available in the city that was suitable for a sports stadium, and had room for the 10,000 parking spaces that had been promised to the Giants.
The surface of the field for most of its existence was natural bluegrass, but for nine seasons, from 1970 to 1978, the stadium had artificial turf. A "sliding pit" configuration, with dirt cut-outs only around the bases, was installed in 1971, primarily to keep the dust down in the breezy conditions. Following the 1978 football season, the playing surface was restored to natural grass.
Park history[edit]
When the New York Giants arrived in San Francisco in 1958, they played their home games at the old Seals Stadium at 16th and Bryant Streets. As part of the agreement regarding the Giants' relocation to the West Coast, the city of San Francisco promised to build a new stadium for the team. Most of the land at Candlestick Point was purchased from Charles Harney, a local contractor. Harney purchased the land in 1952 for a quarry and industrial development. He made a profit of over $2 million when he sold the land for the stadium. Harney received a no-bid contract to build the stadium. The entire deal was the subject of a grand jury investigation in 1958.
Ground was broken in 1958 for the stadium and the Giants selected the name of Candlestick Park, after a name-the-park contest on March 3, 1959 (for the derivation of which, see below). Prior to the choice of the name, its construction site had been shown on maps as the generic Bay View Stadium.[8] It was the first modern baseball stadium, as it was the first to be built entirely of reinforced concrete.[9] Then-Vice President Richard Nixon threw out the ceremonial first pitch on the opening day of Candlestick Park on April 12, 1960, and the Oakland Raiders played the final three games of the 1960 season[10] and their entire 1961 American Football League season at Candlestick Park. With only 77 home runs hit in 1960 (46 by Giants, 31 by visitors), the fences were moved in, from left-center to right-center, for the 1961 season.[6]
Following the 1970 season, the first with AstroTurf, Candlestick Park was enclosed, with grandstands around the outfield. This was in preparation for the 49ers in 1971, who were moving from their long-time home of Kezar Stadium. The result was that the wind speed dropped marginally, but often swirled irregularly throughout the stadium, and the view of San Francisco Bay was lost.
Candlestick Park played host to two Major League Baseball All-Star Games in its life as home for the Giants. The stadium hosted the first of two games in 1961 and later hosted the 1984 All-Star Game. The Giants played a total of six postseason series at Candlestick Park; they played host to the NLCS in 1971, 1987, and 1989, the World Series in 1962 and 1989, and one NLDS in 1997.
The 49ers hosted eight NFC Championship games during their time at Candlestick Park. The first was in January 1982 when Dwight Clark caught a game-winning touchdown pass from Joe Montana to lead the 49ers to Super Bowl XVI by defeating the Dallas Cowboys. Clark's play went down as one of the more famous in football history, and was dubbed "The Catch". The last of these came in January 2012, when Lawrence Tynes kicked a field goal in overtime to defeat the 49ers and send the New York Giants to Super Bowl XLVI. The final postseason game hosted by the 49ers at Candlestick Park was the 2012 NFC Divisional Playoff matchup between the 49ers and the Green Bay Packers, won by the 49ers by a score of 45–31. The 49ers' record in NFC Championship games at Candlestick Park was 4-4; they defeated the Cowboys twice, in 1981 and 1994, the Chicago Bears in 1984, and the Los Angeles Rams in 1989. Their losses came against the Cowboys in 1992, the Giants in 1990 and 2011, and the Packers in 1997.
In addition to Clark's famous touchdown catch, two more plays referred to as "The Catch" took place during games at Candlestick Park. The play dubbed "The Catch II" came in the 1998 NFC Wild Card round, as Steve Young found Terrell Owens for a touchdown with eight seconds left to defeat the two-time defending NFC Champion Packers. The play called "The Catch III" came in the 2011 NFC Divisional Playoffs, when Alex Smith threw a touchdown pass to Vernon Davis with nine seconds remaining to provide the winning margin against the New Orleans Saints.
On October 17, 1989, the Loma Prieta earthquake (magnitude 6.9) struck San Francisco, minutes before Game 3 of the World Series was to begin at Candlestick Park. No one within the stadium was injured, although minor structural damage was incurred to the stadium. Al Michaels and Tim McCarver, who called the game for ABC, later credited the stadium's design for saving thousands of lives.[9] An ESPN documentary about the earthquake revealed that the local stadium authority demanded that Candlestick Park undertake a major engineering project to shore up perceived safety red flags in the stadium. The authority pushed reluctant officials to get this done between the 1988 and 1989 baseball seasons, which prevented a "collapse wave" that could have killed thousands of fans and led to there being very few casualties of any kind in Candlestick Park after such a massive natural disaster. The World Series between the Giants and their Bay rivals the Oakland Athletics was subsequently delayed for 10 days, in part to give engineers time to check the stadium's overall structural soundness (and that of the Athletics' nearby home, the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum). During this time, the 49ers moved their game against the New England Patriots on October 22 to Stanford Stadium, where they had defeated the Miami Dolphins 38–16 to win Super Bowl XIX on January 20, 1985.
The NFL awarded Super Bowl XXXIII to Candlestick Park on November 2, 1994.[11] After planned renovations in preparation for the game were not made, the NFL owners instead awarded Super Bowl XXXIII to the Miami area during their meeting on October 31, 1996. The league promised to award Super Bowl XXXVII following construction of a new football stadium, which was approved by voters in 1997, but the forced sale of the team by owner Eddie DeBartolo Jr. caused plans to fall through.[12]
In 2000, the Giants moved to the new Pacific Bell Park (now called Oracle Park) in the China Basin neighborhood, leaving the 49ers as the sole professional sports team to use Candlestick Park. The final baseball game was played on September 30, 1999, against their long-time rivals, the Los Angeles Dodgers, who won 9–4. In that game, all nine Dodgers starters had at least one base hit, while the stadium's final home run came from Dodgers' right fielder Raúl Mondesí in the 6th inning. The National League rivalry between the Giants and Dodgers, one of the oldest and most hotly contested in the Major Leagues, dated back to when both teams were based in New York City. When first the Dodgers, then the Giants, moved to California in 1958, the rivalry continued unabated.
For its last several years as home to just the 49ers, Candlestick Park was the only remaining NFL stadium to have begun as a baseball-only facility which later underwent an extensive redesign to accommodate football. That was evidenced by the stadium's curiously oblong and irregular shape, whereby views from a sizable section of lower-deck seating in the baseball configuration's right-field corner were so badly obstructed by the eastern grandstand of the football seating configuration that they were unusable for football games and would consequently sit empty. Since a football gridiron, including its end zones and benches along the sidelines, is much smaller than a baseball playing field and foul territory, this large grandstand, which provided thousands of prime seats along one whole sideline of the football field, was designed to be retractable. It would slide backwards for baseball games, under the upper deck, and provide a smaller section of baseball seating beyond the outfield wall in right. After the Giants played their 1999 season and moved away from Candlestick, this grandstand was left permanently in its football position, and the unusable seats were eventually removed.
On September 3, 2011, Candlestick Park hosted the first and only college football game in its history with a neutral site game between the California Golden Bears and Fresno State Bulldogs (Cal was designated the "home" team).[13][14] This game was in San Francisco, because of the massive renovation and seismic retrofit at California's home stadium, California Memorial Stadium. The rest of the Golden Bears' home games in 2011 were played at AT&T Park. Cal won the game 36–21.[15]
At approximately 5:19 p.m. local time on December 19, 2011, Candlestick Park experienced an unexpected power outage just before a Monday Night Football game between the 49ers and the Pittsburgh Steelers. An aerial shot shown live on ESPN showed a transformer sparking and then the stadium going completely dark. About 17 minutes later, however, the park's lights came back on in time for the game's kickoff. With 12:13 remaining in the second quarter, another power outage created yet another 30-minute delay before play resumed again. The 49ers 2011 season ended at Candlestick Park with a loss to the New York Giants in the NFC Championship Game.
The 49ers played their final game at Candlestick Park on Monday, December 23, 2013, against the Atlanta Falcons, winning 34–24 after a NaVorro Bowman interception that would be called The Pick at the Stick by some sports columnists.[16] This game was the facility's 36th and final game on Monday Night Football,[17] the most at any stadium used by the NFL.[18]
As a baseball field, the stadium was infamous for the windy conditions, damp air and dew from fog, and chilly temperatures. The wind often made it difficult for outfielders trying to catch fly balls, as well as for fans, while the damp grass further complicated play for outfielders who had to play in cold, wet shoes. Architect John Bolles designed the park with a boomerang-shaped concrete baffle in the upper tier in order to protect the park from wind. Unfortunately, it never worked properly. For Candlestick's first 10 seasons, the wind blew in from left-center and out toward right-center. When the park was expanded to accommodate the 49ers in 1971, it was thought that fully enclosing the park would cut down on the wind significantly. Instead, the wind swirled from all directions, and was as strong and cold as before. Giants Hall of Fame center fielder Willie Mays claimed the wind cost him over 100 home runs. (It may be noted that in the 12 years he played at Candlestick Park, from 1960 through 1971, Mays hit 396 home runs, 203 at Candlestick and 193 on the road.[19]) Nonetheless, he had less difficulty fielding balls in the windy conditions. Mays was used to playing in difficult and absurdly sized field conditions, beginning his career at the Polo Grounds in New York, which featured an enormous outfield where he made a famous World Series-saving catch.
During the first All Star Game of 1961 (one of two played in the park—the other was in 1984), Giants pitcher Stu Miller was blown off balance by a gust of wind and was charged with a balk.[20] Two years later, wind picked up the entire batting cage and dropped it 60 feet (18 m) away on the pitcher's mound while the New York Mets were taking batting practice.
The stadium also had the reputation as the coldest park in Major League Baseball, with winds blowing directly off the Pacific Ocean. It was initially built with a radiant heating system of hot water pipes under the lower box seats in a space between the concrete and the ground. The pipes were not embedded in the concrete, however, and did not produce enough heat to offset the cold air. Both the city and the Giants balked at the cost of upgrading the system so it would work properly, which would have involved removing the seats and concrete, embedding larger pipes, and replacing the concrete and seats. As a result, the Giants played more day games than any Major League Baseball team except the Chicago Cubs, whose ballpark, Wrigley Field, did not have lights installed until 1988. Many locals, including Giants' broadcaster Lon Simmons, were surprised at the decision to build the park right on the bay, in one of the coldest areas of the city.[9] Attorney Melvin Belli filed a claim against the Giants in 1960 because his six-seat box, which cost him almost $1,600, was unbearably cold. Belli won in court, claiming that the "radiant heating system" advertised was a failure.[21]
The Giants eventually played on the reputation to bolster fan support with humorous promotions such as awarding the 'Croix de Candlestick' pin to fans who stayed for the duration of extra-inning night games. The pins featured the Giants' "SF" monogram capped with snow, along with the Latin slogan "Veni, vidi, vixi" ("I came, I saw, I survived"). Among many less-than-flattering fan nicknames for the park were "North Pole", "Cave of the Winds", "Windlestick", "The Quagmire", and "The Ashtray By The Bay". Older fans called it "The Dump" in honor of the former use of the land. Ironically, the Giants played their last night game at Candlestick (against the Los Angeles Dodgers) on September 29, 1999, under clear skies and a game time temperature of 74°[22] as well as their last day game at Candlestick on September 30, 1999, under blue skies with no fog and a game time temperature of 82°, all of which was common for September games.
Giants owner Horace Stoneham visited the site as early as 1957 and was involved in the stadium's design from the outset. While he was aware of the weather conditions, he usually visited the park during the day, not knowing about the particularly cold, windy and foggy conditions that overtook it at night. Originally, Bolles' concrete baffle would have extended all the way to left field, which would have further reduced the prevailing winds. Nevertheless, the size of the structure was reduced for cost savings. In 1962, Stoneham commissioned a study of the wind conditions. The study revealed that had the windy conditions been known prior to construction, conditions would have been significantly improved by building the park 100 yards farther to the north and east.[9][23] This would have meant building it on fill, however, which is less stable during earthquakes. The stadium's location on the bedrock of Bayview Hill provided more stability.
The winds were intense in the immediate area of the park. Studies showed they were no more frequent than other parts of San Francisco but are subject to higher gusts. This is because of a hill immediately adjacent to the park. This hill, in turn, is the first topographical obstacle met by the prevailing winds arriving from the Pacific Ocean 7 miles (11 km) to the west. Arriving at Candlestick from the Pacific, these winds travel through what is known as the Alemany Gap before reaching the hill. The combination of ocean winds free-flowing to Candlestick, then swirling over the adjacent hill, created the cold and windy conditions that were the bane of the Giants' 40-year stay on Candlestick Point. It was indeed the wind and not the ambient air temperature that provided Candlestick's famed chill. The Giants' subsequent home, Oracle Park, is just one degree warmer, but is far less windy, creating a "warmer" (relatively speaking) effect. While the wind is a summer condition (hot inland, cool oceanside), winter weather is right in line with the rest of sea level Northern California (mild with occasional rain).
Other design flaws and irregularities[edit]
Candlestick was an object of scorn from baseball purists for reasons other than weather. Although originally built for baseball, foul territory was quite roomy. According to Simmons, nearly every seat was too far from the field even before the 1971 expansion.[9] As with the radiant heating system in the grandstands, the heating systems in the dugouts were wholly inadequate. Players on other National League teams – especially if they had played for the Giants beforehand – complained that the visitors dugout was noticeably colder than the Giants' dugout. That was due to two factors. One was that the Giants' dugout included a tunnel to the clubhouse, so heat from the clubhouse flowed into the dugout. The other involved the placement of the dugouts. The Giants' dugout was located on the first base side, which was on the south side of the stadium. The visitors' dugout was located on the third base (west) side of the field.
Notable events[edit]
Date | Artist | Opening act(s) | Tour / Concert name | Attendance | Revenue | Notes |
August 29, 1966 | The Beatles | 1966 US tour | 25,000 | — | An "official" bootleg recording of the 11-song, 33-minute setlist was made by the Beatles' press officer, Tony Barrow, at the request of the band. As his cassette could only record 30 minutes per side, it ran out in the middle of the closing song, "Long Tall Sally".[24] | |
October 17, 1981 | The Rolling Stones | American Tour 1981 | 135,000 / 135,000 | $2,092,500 | ||
October 18, 1981 | ||||||
June 1, 1985 | Jimmy Buffett | — | Sleepless Knights Tour | — | — | |
July 17, 1988 | Van Halen Scorpions |
Monsters of Rock Tour 1988 | — | — | A stadium-wide food fight took place aimed solely at the upper deck. Opening act Kingdom Come played for 45 minutes, Metallica and Dokken played for 60 minutes each, Scorpions played for 75 minutes, and Van Halen for 100 minutes. | |
July 14, 2000 | Metallica | Summer Sanitarium Tour | — | — | ||
August 10, 2003 | ||||||
July 26, 2013 | Justin Timberlake Jay-Z |
DJ Cassidy | Legends of the Summer | 55,359 / 55,359 | $5,129,345 | |
August 14, 2014 | Paul McCartney | — | Out There | 53,477 / 53,477 | $7,023,107 | The stadium's final concert.[25] |
The Beatles' final concert[edit]
The Beatles famously gave their last full public concert at Candlestick Park on August 29, 1966. Songs performed at the show were "Rock and Roll Music", "She's a Woman", "If I Needed Someone", "Day Tripper", "Baby's in Black", "I Feel Fine", "Yesterday", "I Wanna Be Your Man", "Nowhere Man", "Paperback Writer", and "Long Tall Sally".
An "official" bootleg recording of the 33-minute setlist was made by the Beatles' press officer, Tony Barrow, at the request of the band. As his cassette could only record 30 minutes per side, it ran out with a minute of the closing song, "Long Tall Sally", remaining.[24] This recording has never been officially released, although it has been leaked on to the internet.
At the time, The Beatles had not announced that this was to be their final concert, and even if the foursome themselves knew, it was a closely guarded secret. Much of the existing color film footage of the concert was captured by a 15-year-old Beatles fan, Barry Hood. A relatively small amount of black-and-white footage was shot by local TV news in the San Francisco Bay Area and Sacramento. Hood released some of his film in a limited edition documentary titled The Beatles Live In San Francisco,[26] but more of Hood's very rare footage remains in a vault, unseen by the public as of 2017.[26] On August 14, 2014, former Beatle Paul McCartney returned to become the closing act of Candlestick Park's long musical history. To showcase the event, McCartney contacted Barry Hood and used a portion of his original 1966 Beatles film on a big screen at this last concert.
Papal Mass[edit]
Pope John Paul II celebrated a Papal Mass on September 18, 1987, at Candlestick Park during his tour of America.[27][28] An estimated crowd of 70,000 attended the Mass.[29]
In popular culture[edit]
Candlestick Park was home to dozens of commercial shoots as well as the location for the climactic scene in both the 1962 thriller Experiment in Terror and the 1974 Richard Rush comedy Freebie and the Bean. The stadium was featured in the 1976 Dirty Harry movie, The Enforcer. The stadium was featured in the 1994 family comedy Getting Even with Dad, where the father character (played by Ted Danson) takes his son (played by Macaulay Culkin) to a San Francisco Giants game. The stadium was featured briefly in the 1996 action film The Rock where a missile almost attacks the place before being diverted away by the last second. In February 2011, scenes for the film Contagion, starring Matt Damon, Kate Winslet and Jude Law, were filmed at the stadium. The Fan was also filmed there in 1996. In 2010, Candlestick Park was featured as the finishing point for the finale of The Amazing Race 16. And 1989 World Series, The series was known for one of the sites of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake.[30]
Jackson, Mississippi landowner and developer Homer Lee Howie built a shopping center on Cooper Road in the city which opened in August 1963. Howie was originally going to name the shopping center Cooper Mart but one day watched the Giants on television at the stadium and thought the name Candlestick Park sounded catchy and would greatly help bring in customers and decided to name the center by that name without permission. The center was a popular shopping place and community center in southern Jackson for its first few years before being completely destroyed in the 1966 Candlestick Park tornado outbreak on March 3, 1966, which killed a total of 57 people, 12 of them in the shopping center. The center still exists today, but was never the same after the tornado.[31]
Seating capacity[edit]
Name changes[edit]
Some think that Candlestick Point was named for the indigenous "candlestick bird" (long-billed curlew), once common to the point.[32] The book "California Geographic Names" lists Candlestick Point as being named for a pinnacle of rock first noted in 1781 by the De Anza Expedition. This pinnacle was also noted by the U.S. Geodetic Survey in 1869. The pinnacle disappeared around 1920.
The rights to the stadium name were licensed to 3Com Corporation from September 1995 until 2002, for $900,000 a year. During that time, the park became known as "3Com Park at Candlestick Point", or, simply, "3Com Park". In 2002, the naming rights deal expired, and the park then became officially known as "San Francisco Stadium at Candlestick Point". On September 28, 2004, a new naming rights deal was signed with Monster Cable, a maker of cables for electronic equipment, and the stadium was renamed "Monster Park". Just over a month later, however, a measure passed in the November 2 election stipulated that the stadium name revert to "Candlestick" permanently after the contract with Monster expired in 2008.[33]
The City and County of San Francisco had trouble finding a new naming sponsor due in part to the downturn in the economy, but also because the stadium's tenure as 3Com Park was tenuous at best. Many local fans were annoyed with the change and continued referring to the park by its original name, regardless of the official name. The Giants reportedly continued to call the stadium "Candlestick Park" in media guides, because the naming rights were initiated by the 49ers. Some even mocked the 3Com sponsorship. Chris Berman, for instance, usually called it "Commercial-Stick Park". Local fans sometimes called it "Dot-com Park" (see Dot-com bubble). Freeway signs in the vicinity were changed to read "Monster Park" as part of an overall signage upgrade to national standards on California highways, but in 2008 those signs were changed back to "Candlestick Park".
The name change also ended up being confusing for the intended branding purposes, as without the "Cable" qualifier in the official name, many erroneously thought the stadium was named for the Monster.com employment website or Monster Energy Drink, not the cable vendor.[34]
On August 10, 2007, San Francisco mayor Gavin Newsom announced that the playing field would be renamed "Bill Walsh Field" in honor of the former Stanford and 49ers coach, who died on July 30 that year, pending the approval of the city government. The stadium itself retained its name as was contractually obligated.[35] Commentators still use this name occasionally, most recently when Jerry Rice's jersey was retired.
On September 18, 2009, Sports Illustrated's Peter King used the mock-combination name "Candle3Monsterstick" in reference to the many name changes the stadium has gone through.[36]
Despite numerous official and unofficial name changes over the history of the stadium and surrounding park/facilities, the stadium was lovingly referred to as "the Stick" by many locals and die-hard fans from its original titling of "Candlestick Park" in 1960.
Replacement and demolition[edit]
By 1997, plans were underway to construct a new 68,000-seat stadium at Candlestick Point.[37] On November 8, 2006, however, the 49ers announced that they would abandon their search for a location in San Francisco and begin to pursue the idea of building a stadium in Santa Clara. Because its centerpiece stadium was lost, San Francisco withdrew its bid for the 2016 Olympics on November 13, 2006. Ground-breaking for the Santa Clara stadium occurred on April 19, 2012. On May 8, 2013, the media announced that the name of the new stadium would be Levi's Stadium. The stadium opened on July 17, 2014, in time for the 2014 NFL season. The 49ers christened their new home a month after it opened.
A grassroots movement for the Giants to play another baseball game at Candlestick had existed since 2009. Many fans had hoped to see another game in 2010, the 50th anniversary of the Giants' first season at Candlestick Park, but the idea was dropped due to the cost. Although many fans wished for another Giants game at the Stick, the Giants never returned to their former stadium for a final game.
With the departure of the 49ers, Candlestick Park was left without any permanent tenants. Demolition was expected to occur soon after the 49ers played their final game of the 2013 season, but over time the date of demolition was moved back to late 2014, with several special events planned for the intervening period.[38] In April 2014, Paul McCartney announced that he would perform a concert as the last scheduled event in the 54-year-old stadium on August 14, 2014.[39] The Beatles had performed their last scheduled concert at Candlestick Park 48 years earlier.
Demolition began in November 2014 as workers tore out seats.[40] In January 2015, the developer withdrew a request to implode the stadium, possibly to be broadcast as part of the Super Bowl halftime entertainment. Instead, mechanized structural demolition commenced, which was favored over implosion due to local dust pollution concerns.[41] Demolition was expected to be complete by March 2015,[42][43] but was not completed until September 24, 2015.
In 2014, 1,000 historic Candlestick Park Stadium seats were installed at Kezar Stadium for the public to enjoy. The renovation was funded by the city's Capital Planning General Fund. Mayor Edwin M. Lee helped re-open the stadium with a warm-up run.[44]
In December 2016, 4,000 additional historic Candlestick seats were acquired and installed at Kezar. The seats were paid for by the San Francisco Deltas as a part of a $1-million improvement the team agreed upon to make use of the stadium.[45]
In November 2014, Lennar and Macerich announced plans to build a dense "urban outlet" center incorporating retail and housing with underground parking on the Candlestick Park site. The proponents suggested that the new development would be completed in 2017.[46] The project has not proceeded, and the plan was suspended by its proponents in April 2018.[47]
Croix de Candlestick[edit]
The Croix de Candlestick is an award pin that was given out to baseball fans as they exited Candlestick Park at the conclusion of a night game that went extra innings.[48][49] In reference to the ballpark's legendarily cold winds, the pin carried the motto, "Veni, Vidi, Vixi" ("I came, I saw, I survived").[50]
In order to receive a pin, the fans would have to redeem their ticket stub for the pin at Patrick & Co. Stationery store in San Francisco. The pin, developed by team marketing director Patrick J. Gallagher, was first issued in 1983. In 1983 the San Francisco Giants played in five extra inning night games,[51] with a total attendance of 70,933 and in 1984 they played in five extra inning night games[52] with a total attendance of 44,031. The pin was given out for several years. On September 28–30, 1999, tens of thousands of fans received the pin for attending the Giants' final three-game home stand at Candlestick, against the team's archrival, the Los Angeles Dodgers.[53][54] A San Francisco Chronicle columnist later called it "the smartest marketing promotional in Bay Area history".[55]
The Croix de Candlestick received national exposure during the 1983 All-Star Game at Chicago's Comiskey Park. Giants pitcher Atlee Hammaker wore it on his cap and was mentioned by NBC announcer Joe Garagiola.
"Mayor Ed Lee...: I'm a real San Franciscan, because I've EARNED a Croix de Candlestick and whenever I hear the phrase "the catch" I have to take a moment..."[56]
"They don't give out a Croix de Candlestick to fans who stay 'til the bitter end at Levi's, or even a Croix de Fiddlesticks, but this time the late birds got their reward."[57]
- ^ Rosenbaum, Art (August 12, 1958). "Bay City Banner". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on November 7, 2012. Retrieved September 16, 2011.
- ^ 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.
- ^ "City and County of San Francisco, Candlestick Park, San Francisco, CA (1958–1960)". Pacific Coast Architecture Database. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
- ^ Munsey, Paul; Suppes, Cory. "Candlestick Park". Ballparks.com. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
- ^ "2009 San Francisco 49ers Media Guide" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved July 24, 2010.
- ^ a b "Candlestick Park dimensions cut". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Washington. Associated Press. December 15, 1960. p. 45.
- ^ Li, By Roland (March 12, 2019). "Mall plan dead at SF's Candlestick Point, former home of Giants and 49ers". San Francisco Chronicle.
- ^ "Pot Luck". St. Petersburg Times. March 4, 1959. p. 3-C.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b c d e Smith, Curt (2001). Storied Stadiums. New York City: Carroll & Graf. ISBN 0-7867-1187-6.
- ^ "Raiders Face L.A. In 'Must' Game At Candlestick Park". Oakland Tribune. December 4, 1960. p. 57.
- ^ https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=OowyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=B-cFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2467,966185&dq=super-bowl+site&hl=en Lawrence Journal-World - Google News Archive Search
- ^ Stimson, Alex (May 23, 2023). "San Francisco was twice set to host the Super Bowl. Here's why it never happened". The Mercury News. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
- ^ Adelson, Andrea (May 17, 2011). "Jeff Tedford talks Fresno State ties". go.com. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
- ^ Crumpacker, John (August 26, 2011). "Fresno St. Drawing Better Than Cal for Opener". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved August 27, 2011.
- ^ "2011 Cal Bears Football Stats". calbears.com. 2012. Archived from the original on July 16, 2012. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
- ^ Maiocco, Matt (December 23, 2013). "Instant Replay: 49ers survive, punch playoff ticket in 'Stick finale". CSN Bay Area. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
- ^ "Atlanta Falcons at San Francisco 49ers - December 23rd, 2013". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
- ^ Fairburn, Matthew (December 24, 2013). "49ers vs. Falcons provides final classic Monday Night Football moment at Candlestick Park". SBNation.com. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
- ^ Baseball Reference. "Willie Mays".
- ^ "Stu Miller, All-Star Who Committed a Windblown Balk, Dies at 87". The New York Times. Associated Press. January 6, 2015. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
- ^ How Do Astronauts Scratch an Itch? by David Feldman
- ^ "Los Angeles Dodgers at San Francisco Giants Box Score, September 29, 1999".
- ^ Kareem, Ahsan (2006). "A Tribute to Jack E. Cermak" (PDF). JEC Wind Engineer. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 14, 2006. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
- ^ a b Runtagh, Jordan (August 29, 2016). "Remembering Beatles' Final Concert". Rolling Stone. Retrieved February 7, 2018.
- ^ Swartz, Jon (August 15, 2014). "Paul McCartney is Candlestick Park's closing act". USA Today. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
- ^ a b "Beatles Last Concert Candlestick Park San Francisco DVD". televideos.com. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
- ^ Nolte, Carl (September 18, 1987). "Pope in S.F.: When John Paul II blessed AIDS sufferers". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved February 7, 2018.
- ^ Dugan, Barry W. (September 23, 1987). "Local faithful among throng at Candlestick for Pope's visit". Healdsburg Tribune, Enterprise and Scimitar. Retrieved February 7, 2018.
- ^ Hartlaub, Peter (June 6, 2013). "A Pray on the Green: The Pope at Candlestick in 1987". The Big Event [blog]. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved February 7, 2018.
- ^ Franich, Darren (May 10, 2010). "The Amazing Race season finale recap: If You're Going to San Francisco". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 6, 2020.
- ^ Clarion Ledger, Jackson (MS), February 27, 2006, page 80
- ^ Hatfield, Larry D. (January 29, 2002). "Supervisor wants Candlestick to stick". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
- ^ "Proposition H: Naming the Stadium at Candlestick Point - San Francisco County, CA". www.smartvoter.org.
- ^ Gardner, Jim (November 28, 2005). "Fans unclear on main Monster in 49ers lineup". San Francisco Business Times. Retrieved November 28, 2005.
- ^ "8,000 turn out at Monster Park to say goodbye to Bill Walsh". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
- ^ "Fascinating matchup in San Diego, more to watch this weekend". SportsIllustrated. September 18, 2009. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
- ^ "A very different stadium plan". San Francisco Chronicle. July 18, 2006. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
- ^ Shafer, Margie (December 18, 2013). "Special Events Planned At Candlestick Park Before Demolition". San Francisco CBS local. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
- ^ Matier, Phillip; Ross, Andrew (April 24, 2014). "Paul McCartney to play Candlestick's final show". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
- ^ Matier, Phillip; Ross, Andrew (November 18, 2014). "Candlestick teardown begins — seats being ripped out". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
- ^ Matier, Phillip; Ross, Andrew (January 16, 2015). "Candlestick Park will go out with a wrecking ball, not a bang". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
- ^ Fernandez, Lisa (February 4, 2015). "Demolition of Candlestick Park Underway; New Development to Replace Old Stadium". NBC Bay Area. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
- ^ Rubenstein, Steve (February 5, 2015). "Last team at Candlestick Park is bent on demolition". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
- ^ Mayor Ed Lee (March 17, 2015). "Mayor Lee at Kezar Track Opening After $3.2 Million Renovation". Archived from the original on November 7, 2021 – via YouTube.
- ^ "Candlestick seats will soon fill SF's Kezar Stadium, thanks to Deltas soccer team". December 2, 2016.
- ^ Dineen, J. K. (November 17, 2014). "Major 'urban outlet' retail center planned for Candlestick Point". San Francisco Chronicle.
- ^ Li, Roland; Burke, Katie (April 6, 2018). "Exclusive: FivePoint suspends work on 635,000-square-foot shopping mall at the former Candlestick Park". American City Business Journals.
- ^ "Croix de Candlestick". Welcome to Third and King. May 9, 2008.
- ^ "Yahoo Sports MLB". sports.yahoo.com.
- ^ Chris Ballard, "Candlestick Park, 1960−2013", Sports Illustrated, December 30, 2013.
- ^ "1983 San Francisco Giants Schedule". Baseball-Reference.com.
- ^ "1984 San Francisco Giants Schedule". Baseball-Reference.com.
- ^ David Steele, "The Last Night Resembled Very Few Others", San Francisco Chronicle, September 30, 1999.
- ^ "Candle In The Wind", Los Angeles Times, September 28, 1999.
- ^ Hartlaub, Peter (August 18, 2010). "The badges of honor of a Bay Area resident". San Francisco Chronicle.
- ^ Spotswood, Beth (February 1, 2012). "When Can You Call Yourself A Native?". Culture Blog!.
- ^ Ostler, Scott (November 26, 2017). "49ers' Jimmy Garoppolo provides reason for excitement". San Francisco Chronicle.
External links[edit]
- www.ballparks.phanfare.com photos and info about Candlestick park
- Sports Illustrated cover – July 18, 1960
- Photos of demolition in progress, May 2015
- Gallery of images from the park's history
Events and tenants | ||
Preceded by | Home of the San Francisco 49ers 1971–2013 |
Succeeded by |
Preceded by | Home of the San Francisco Giants 1960–1999 |
Succeeded by |
Preceded by | Host of the MLB All-Star Game 1961 1984 |
Succeeded by |
Preceded by | Home of the Oakland Raiders 1961 |
Succeeded by |
Preceded by | Host of NFC Championship Game 1982 1985 1990–1991 1993 1995 1998 2012 |
Succeeded by |
- Candlestick Park
- American football venues in California
- Baseball venues in California
- Sports venues in San Francisco
- Demolished sports venues in California
- Demolished buildings and structures in San Francisco
- Parks in San Francisco
- American football venues in San Francisco
- San Francisco 49ers stadiums
- San Francisco Giants stadiums
- American Football League venues
- Defunct American football venues in the United States
- Defunct baseball venues in the United States
- Defunct Major League Baseball venues
- Defunct National Football League venues
- Oakland Raiders stadiums
- Soccer venues in San Francisco
- Sports venues completed in 1960
- Sports venues demolished in 2015
- 1960 establishments in California
- 2015 disestablishments in California
- 20th century in San Francisco
- Music venues in San Francisco


text:
As classified in WFO snapshot
December 2023
Warning: older classification
Previous Previous classification
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This variety name was first published in Comp. Fl. Ital. : 302 (1867) Link to external nomenclature reference
This variety name has been reclassified since this snapshot. Its current preferred usage is a synonym .


text:
A British piano tuner is about to share a six-figure reward for discovering a stash of 913 gold coins hidden beneath the keyboard of an upright that had been donated to a community college. The gold sovereigns, which date from 1847 to 1915, have a face value of £773, which is equivalent to £500,000 ($640,000) today.
Martin Backhouse, 61, had been hired by Bishop's Castle Community College in Shropshire, England, to work on a Broadwood & Sons piano that had been donated to the school by the Hemmings family. The piano was made in 1906 and the Hemmings family had owned the instrument for 33 years.
"I had only taken out the first octave when I realized something was going on," Backhouse told the Daily Mail.
The piano tuner discovered seven cloth-bound packets and a leather drawstring purse under the keyboard. He was shocked to learn that each was filled with gold sovereigns and half sovereigns, the majority dating to the reign of Queen Victoria. Experts at The British Museum believe the coins — now called the Piano Hoard — were tucked away in the late 1920s, perhaps in reaction to the Great Depression or the events leading up to World War II. Cardboard lining from one of the packages suggests the hoard was hidden between 1926 and 1946. The identity of the original owner is still a mystery.
As is required by the British Treasure Act of 1996, Backhouse and college officials reported their find to the local coroner. The sovereigns were declared to be treasure at an inquest at Shrewsbury Coroner's Court, and this meant that Backhouse and the college could be compensated for the value of the coins as determined by the Treasure Valuation Committee. The Treasure Act allows for a reward to be shared among the finder and the owner of the land on which the treasure was found. The Treasure Act is administered by staff at The British Museum.
Normally, treasure is considered to be more than 300 years old and made of gold or silver. Although the Piano Hoard was not nearly that old, the Treasure Act also states that items of any age made substantially of gold or silver, whose original owners or heirs are unknown, and which are deemed to have been deliberately hidden with the intention of recovery, are also "treasure."
"The individual coins are not particularly rare being the button coinage of the British Empire," noted a spokesperson for The British Museum. "However, it is the largest hoard of its type known and the find is of significant importance from a historical perspective. It is a fascinating story. We are not aware of any other coin hoards being secreted in pianos."
While Backhouse and the college are likely to share hundreds of thousands of dollars, the piano's most recent owners — the Hemmings family — are entitled to nothing under British law.
Credits: Screen captures via YouTube.com/The British Museum; Piano Hoard image © Trustees of the British Museum.


text:
The experience, E, required to achieve level n from level 0 is:
E = 3.5 * n * (n + 1)
That's the formulae I found on the wiki. So, If I replace N with 50 my answer for the amount of experience is 8925.
Well, every hostile mob in the game gives 5 experience upon death (also wiki sourced info). That being said, 8925 divided by 5 is 1785.
Something can't be right, I've reached level 50 many times thus far, and there is no way I've killed that many mobs per level 50 obtained...
What gives?
Edit: Ok, Now I'm 110% sure something is horribly wrong. When I checked at the time the comments were all made on this post my in game statistics recorded 2,160 Mob kills. I just checked again, out of curiosity and it now states I have 5,317 Mob Kills. Thats over 2,000 kills somehow gained pretty much overnight. Somethings seriously not right, is the statistics page bugged?
Second Edit: Ok apparently the statistics page will never be correct for me, partially because it changes if I play offline (which I do about 70% of the time) and mostly because it doesn't collect its data for each exclusive world individually. So short of manually counting each monster I kill I dont think this question will ever be answerable unless I completely delete all my statistics folders and create a single game for the sole purpose of figuring this out. If someone has any ideas other than that I'd love to hear them.
Third Edit: The bounty description is a lie, I am playing Vanilla SSP not SMP.


text:
The CBSE Class 10th Syllabus is available here as per the CBSE board reference. Normally every year CBSE publish and update the class wise syllabus for all the classes. This new CBSE class 10th syllabus contains curriculum, course structure, exam patterns, academic elective subjects, expected skill developments, Co-scholastic area details, and etc… These details are very useful to plan the studies, exam preparations. So we collect and update all the latest CBSE class 10th syllabus. Also we provide the PDF format for easy downloading and sharing purpose. our team is wishing you for getting the high scores in CBSE exams.
CBSE Class 10 Carnatic Melodic – New Syllabus Download
- CBSE Class 10 Carnatic Melodic – New Reduced Syllabus 2020 – 2021 with Deleted Syllabus – Download Here


text:
It may be hard to believe, but Americans once shunned this now classic fruit because it was thought to be poisonous.
The tomato is native to South America where they have been around since prehistoric times. Spanish explorers brought the plant from Mexico to southern Europe in the mid 1500s and from there it spread north and east.
Early Americans first grew the tomato as a curiosity, but thought that eating the fruit would be deadly because of its resemblance to nightshade. It wasn't until the early 19th century that it became widely known that they were safe to eat, and since then it has become a one of our most popular fruits in the United States.
There are two broad categories of tomatoes, determinate and indeterminate. Now determinate just means the size of the plant grows to a determined height depending on the variety, say in the 2 to 4 foot range. Because of their compact habit they are perfect for growing in containers. Once they grow to a certain height, they flower and set all their fruit within a short period of time.
On the other hand indeterminate types of tomatoes don't grow to just a limited size, they keep growing and growing, often 8 feet or more. As you can imagine these require more room to grow and they need to be staked. The plus side of growing indeterminate type tomatoes is that they produce fruit throughout the entire season. You can also find dwarf indeterminate varieties that produce the same amount of fruit, but as the name implies, are smaller in stature.
The best time to plant tomatoes seedlings is a few weeks after the last frost date in your area, when the soil has had a chance to warm up and night temperatures stay above 50 degrees F. In my zone 7 garden, located in the upper South, I plant tomatoes in May.
If you are going to grow your tomatoes from seed, start them indoors 5 to 6 weeks before the last spring frost.
When you purchase tomato plants from a nursery select those that are about 10 to 12 inches tall with a deep green color. You should avoid any that have blooms, holey leaves or crowded root systems.
Tomatoes need full sun to really thrive. Site them in an area that receives at least 6 hours of sunlight a day. To steer clear of problems with disease choose a new location in your garden each year.
The soil should be medium-rich, loose and well drained with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0.
How far apart you space the plants depends on the type of tomato you've selected. Dwarf varieties should be spaced about 12 inches apart in a row. If you plan on staking your plants, space them about 24 inches apart. Set sprawling, indeterminate tomatoes about 36 to 48 inches apart.
Plant your seedlings about 1 inch deeper than they are sitting in the nursery container. This will help strengthen the root system and a better root system means healthier plants. Just be sure to remove any leaves below the soil line.
To discourage cutworms from taking out your young transplants, you should wrap the base of each seedling with a piece of aluminum foil. You can also protect them with a cardboard collar placed over the seedling and pushed 1 inch into the ground. A paper towel roll cut into sections works pretty well.
Twine and Twig Teepee |
Secure the Top with Wire |
Wrap Twine Around the Legs |
It is important to support your tomatoes as they grow. A simple wooden stake or bamboo pole will work. Use twine or some other soft material to tie the vine to the support. Tomato cages are also useful, especially for determinate and dwarf varieties. For the larger indeterminate types I find that commercial cages are a bit on the flimsy side, so I make my own out of concrete reinforcing wire. A 5 foot wide piece will usually do the trick. Simply bend it into a circle and hook the tines together where the ends meet. You want it to be about 16 inches in diameter. As a final measure I clip nylon netting to the cages to keep pests at bay.
Once you have planted your tomatoes keep them well watered until the roots are established. After that, deep soak them every 4 to 7 days. If it is hot and dry you may need to water every day, especially if they are in containers.
When you water, take care to not splash soil onto the leaves and stem as this promotes disease. And don't skimp on the mulch. A good layer of mulch, 2 to 3 inches, will help keep the soil consistently moist, cutting down on blossom end rot, as well as prevent weeds from taking over. Just keep the mulch away from the crown of the plant.
Feed your tomatoes once a month with a blend that is high in phosphorous and low in nitrogen. Too much nitrogen will result in lots of leaves, but not much fruit. A ratio of 5-10-5 is good. Start fertilizing when the fruits first start to develop and stop as they reach maturity.
By following these simple guidelines you can make this the best tomato season ever.
Good To Know
Tomatoes will drop their blossoms when night time temperatures drop below 55 degrees F or exceed 75 degrees F.
If you live in an area with a short growing season choose an early maturing variety that will produce fruit in 50 to 65 days. Early Girl, Jetsetter, and Vita Gold are just a few varieties to try.
To avoid sunscald, do not remove leaves that are shading fruits.
Blossom end rot appears as a pale, brown spot that turns black and flattens the bottom of the fruit. It can be caused by lack of calcium or inconsistent moisture.
To learn more about growing tomatoes, check out the video below!


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Many people of all ages suffer from a dry and unproductive cough straight after suffering from a cold, flu or chest infection. Your cold may have cleared up, but your airways could still be irritated. And the worst is that cold drinks and cold air can set you off into a coughing frenzy.
The bad news is that this annoying cough - which is known by some as the 100 day cough - can last anywhere between three to eight weeks. In addition, antibiotics won't work because the cough is generally a result of a recent viral infection. Sometimes the coughing fits can be so violent they cause hiccups or vomiting.
So what causes this cough?
The good news is that you can treat the symptoms. Do this by:
There is no formal cure for this cough but boosting your immune system, and sticking to a healthy lifestyle, can help prevent you from getting a cold which in turn leads to the cough.
In some cases, a cough can be the cause of other underlying problems like food allergies, medicine side-effects, an ear, nose or throat problem, or something more serious. If the cough gets worse or has not improved in a few weeks always consult your community pharmacist or GP.
Oberon Pharmacy


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Art print professionally printed on premium Kodak ENDURA Metallic paper. Features a glossy finish and metallic appearance that creates images with exceptional visual interest and depth. Prints arrive matted, signed by the artist, and ready to frame.
Image size: 8 x 10 inches / Mat size: 11 x 14 inches
Fits a standard size 11 x 14 inch frame. Frame not included.


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A lot has changed for me in the past 10 years. I have watched the Internet go mobile. The web has come a long way since the 90s. My Geocities website is now a faded memory. I have owned domains that are over 16 years old. If they were children, they would be graduating high school, voting, and starting their credit ratings. I can't start to imagine what will happen in the next decade. I hope to be a part of the story though. I wish you well as we venture together.
Stay thirsty, my friends.


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Here we are again to share some inspiration from this month's Sketch. Thanks to all the beautiful entries thus far, we love seeing your take on the Sketch. Before we begin, we want to say farewell to two wonderful DT ... Corry and Pops are both stepping down. We love having them in our group and so sad to see them go. Thanks you girls are bringing so much life to this challenge blog. Best of luck with everything, we will miss you dearly.
Please join us by showing us your style and take on this Sketch ...Here are a few guideline to follow when playing our Sketch challenge:
- Follow the Sketch (of course you can rotate it)
- use any stamps you like
- direct link of your post
- and please link back to our challenge blog
Enjoy your day.


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BillboardIn its 114th year, Billboard remains the world's premier weekly music publication and a diverse digital, events, brand, content and data licensing platform. Billboard publishes the most trusted charts and offers unrivaled reporting about the latest music, video, gaming, media, digital and mobile entertainment issues and trends. |
Common terms and phrases
4-track advertising album AMERICANA artists ASCAP Association Berman Bill Billboard billiard Booth Bulk Vending Capitol Capitol Records cassette cent Chicago Chicago Coin classical Coin Machine color Columbia Columbia Records Continued Corp customers dealers Decca disk display Dist distributors Electronics equipment firm firm's Gortikov gram guitar Harlan Howard Hotel Idea in Bulk industry jazz Jazz Festival jukebox label Little LP LP's major manufacturer ment merchandise MGM Records MOA show models monaural Muntz Murry Wilson Music Operators one-stop opera Opry Orchestra ords Phone phonograph PhonoVue play players president promotion radio RCA Victor record release retail Rock-Ola sales manager Saves Operators 75 Seeburg SELECTORAMA sell song sound station stereo Street Symphony tape cartridge Tape Cartridge Forum tion titles transistors tridge unit Vendors vice-president Warner WNEW-FM WOR-FM Wurlitzer York


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When you're travelling throughout the year, keep an eye out for stocking stuffers people will enjoy, like small ornaments or consumables not sold in Canada. Hot sauces for steaks and chops from Barbados or high-quality Japanese napkins will dazzle loved ones with their uniqueness.
Make them feel good with a gift to a charity in their name. Tailor the gift to their passions. Are they nature lovers? The Nature Conservancy of Canada buys land for eternal preservation, while the International Fund for Animal Welfare rescues domestic and wild animals worldwide. Do they want to help the world's poor? Orbis International brings its flying eye surgeries to anywhere they are needed.
According to Grey Goose Global Ambassador Joe McCanta, a good guest never arrives at a party empty-handed. "It makes for good manners," he says. And his go-to gift? A bottle of Grey Goose Vodka, of course.
Go beyond ordinary giftwrap by printing your own on lightweight legal-sized paper with personal messages or photos added. Give it a finishing touch with ribbons and bows that match the paper's colours.
Tailor your gift to the stage in life of the recipient. If you're giving something to a young couple temporarily cut off from their favourite luxuries while raising small children, consider something they can share but cannot buy for themselves. High-quality glassware, premium spirits or luxury preserves and mustards make lovely small gifts that will give a little zip to their daily grind.
Flowers are a lovely hostess gift but presenting cut flowers to busy hosts may only add to their duties as they dash about looking for an appropriate container. Consider giving them a potted plant — an unusual or highly cultivated succulent that can be placed on a sideboard and demands very little attention, ever.
All year long, keep your eyes and ears open for hints about what people want. If loved ones mention something they would really like, make a note and start to search for it early. Your attentiveness will pay off when you see their amazed appreciation at the end of the year.
This is a sponsored post paid for by our advertising partners. For more gift ideas, recipes and hosting tips visit spiritbygreygoose.com.


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Article No. 502512
Add products to the service requests for warranty/non-warranty repair or exchange.
Most products are covered by a 2 year warranty. To make a warranty claim you must provide a valid proof of purchase. Please see our full warranty terms and conditions here: https://sennheiser.com/service-support-services-warranty-conditions Your product may be repaired or exchanged. If your warranty claim is not approved you will receive a cost estimate from us.
Due to the way in which this product is manufactured, it is not possible to offer an economical out of warranty repair service. Please purchase a replacement item instead.


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Now that 2017 is here, it's time to consider which upgrades you will make to your home. If you don't have any major renovations planned, you can still tackle smaller projects or theme rooms. In today's post we'll explore some of the home decor trends expected to be popular in 2017.
Paint Colors: Confident, Composed & Comfortable
According to the color experts at paint company Behr, 2017's trend colors express confidence, composition and comfort. If you plan on painting accent walls, rooms or even your entire home this year, these are worth exploring. Confident palette colors include the bluish-green Jade Dragon, the fiery red Hot and Spicy and more. The Composed Palette is a bit muter, with blues and grays like Laid Back Gray and Polished Aqua. For those that love pastels, the Comfortable Palette has many soft notes. Life is a Peach and Everything's Rosy are two great light link options.
Replacing DIY With Artisanal
If you've owned your home for a while, you may find that over time your do-it-yourself projects have added up. While DIY upgrades are fun and cost-effective, if they don't match or pair well they can throw off continuity in your decor. Consider 2017 a chance to replace some of your older DIY items with similar ones created by artisans. You can always gift, sell or repurpose yours to ensure they find use in a new home.
Enjoy Saving Energy With Heated Floors
Heated floors are one of 2017's decor trends that combine luxury with responsibility. It might be tough to imagine that heated floors actually save energy, but it's true. In-floor heating can actually heat entire rooms with less energy than other central solutions. Still using electric baseboard heaters in small areas like bathrooms? Consider heating your floors instead.
Climbing Plants Are The New Art
If you're struggling with how to fill a blank space on a wall, consider climbing plants. Indoor vines like the Pothos (or Devil's Ivy) can add a lively splash of green to a wall area. Or, consider using creeper vines that grow upwards. Even a small shelf with a few attractive potted plants can set off an entire wall. The more life you can add to your home, the better!
With so many colors, upgrades and DIY upgrades to choose from, 2017 is set to be a great year for home renovators.


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April 8, 2005: Illuminated Site of the Week: You Can Just Call Him TJThe Second Coming has arrived, and his name is Ted Jesus Christ GOD. He's got some great ideas for bunkers, should he ever become president, and he calls them Ted Jesus Christ GOD Deep Underground Eco Enclosed Cities. He'll tell you at great length about what he thinks is evil and wicked (unless you're a "child Human," in which case, no kidding, some of his photo albums aren't fit for viewing). His philosophy is similarly difficult to encapsulate, and his prophecies stretch a billion years into the future, if you think you'll be around for a Third or Fourth Coming. -- Suggested by Eric Newsom
Copyright © 2024 by Steve Jackson Games. All Rights Reserved.


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I'm back with another shoot post! I worked with the amazing MMFotography again to get some amazing shots of a model who was interested in building her portfolio. Her aim was to get into print and beauty...and hopefully one day Maxim! I did three differents looks and show you exactly how I did it.
Click here for more!
If you're doing more than one makeup look a shoot, it definitely makes sense to transition from more natural to dramatic makeup. I did three looks and I simply added product on top to change it around. The only product I removed was lip color - make sure to condition the model's lips well in between so that they don't get too beat up.
FYI - All Products MAC unless otherwise mentioned
Look #1 - The model was rocking a pony tail and a bikini. I wanted to give her a super natural look with glowy skin. Essentially, it is the no-makeup makeup look that I learned at my last MAC Pro Class. The model wanted glowing skin and I turned to MAC's Pearl Cream Colour Base to achieve this. I popped some on the cheekbones and browbone. Mind you, you need to watch this and possibly set it with a powder because it can oil up real quick on a photoshoot.
Painterly paintpot, Bone Beige sculpting powder, Stubborn brown powerpoint pencil, Ardell individual lashes in short. All of these products are meant to add shape and definition to the eyes but not color.
I stuck to a neutral lipstick with a slight dewyness - MAC Brave and NYX Natural liner. I skipped the gloss because I wanted the lips to be truly natural looking and lips are not shiny in real life, lol.
Look #2 - We wanted to step up the drama in this look and go for a medium smokey brown (If I want a more natural smokey eye I'll go with brown as opposed to black) on the eyes and soft pink, glossy lips. I added a bit more cheek color to give her a fresh, rosy look.
Satin taupe e/s, Tete a Tint e/s, Brown Down e/s, Stubborn Brown powerpoint pencil, Ardell individual lashes in short and medium
Angel lipstick, Fafi Pink Lipglass - This combination gave the soft, flirty lip color that I was looking for.
Look #3 - This would be the last look and the most product on her face. We went for the traditional smokey eye and nude lip - ultimate sexiness. Interestingly enough, after the I finished the client she wanted me to go even more smokey! I simply raised the color on her lid and deepened the intensity.
Carbon, Brown Down, Shroom, Rice Paper Shadows; Pearl CCB, Black Grease Paint Stick, Revlon color stay liquid liner in blackest black, Smolder kohl pencil, Ardell individual lashes in short and medium (added more for thickness) - I darkened look #2's eye color with these products. I popped on a few more lashes as well.
Subculture lip pencil, Creme Cup lipstick, C-thru lipglass - I kept the lips nude, but still wanted a bit of pink to avoid the corpsey dead look. When you think about it, Maxim is geared towards guys and pink is a very guy friendly lip color, lol.
I kept the skin constant for the most part. I touched up with Tatcha Blotting Sheets and Graftobian's Powder Palette. The challenge is to keep skin from being too shiny under photography lights. Throughout the shoot, I added more concealer, contour and blush as the drama in the looks increased.
- Embryolisee Lait Creme and Hydra Matte
- Cinema Secrets #3 Concealer Palette
- Graftobian Warm Dual Pressed Powder Palette
- Cover FX Camouflage concealer in light
- MAC Pearl CCB
- MAC Invisible Set Powder
- Temptu SB Foundation #5
- MAC Studio Fix C50
- MAC Bone Beige Sculpting Powder
- MAC Accentuate Shaping Powder
- MAC Sunbasque Blush
- Graftobian Pink Blush from Warm Blush Palette
Since the model was showing a lot of skin, I used MAC F&B foundation in C6 all over. This evened out her skin tone including areas where her tan did not reach. I also used MAC Shadester sculpting powder to define stomach definition...I applied the darker powder on her sides to slim the waist and created more ab definition. Be careful not to go overboard, you still want this to look more natural.
I hope my breakdown was informative! Stay tuned for more collaborative shoots :)
Atlanta Makeup Artist
Atlanta Photographer


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Michelle Dang, Instructor from Sacramento State University, created this liquid syllabus to welcome students before the semester began. The liquid syllabus contains key information to help students get started and helps create a sense of engagement and community with the course. The students are practicing school nurses; hence, Michelle used images of school children to enhance engagement and connectedness.


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At Blake Dentistry, we combine the latest dental technology with old-fashioned small-town values and take the time to get to know you. You're more than a number on a chart here!
Smiles have been our business at Blake Dentistry since 2005. As a family dental practice, we welcome patients of all ages. We combine the latest dental technology with a friendly, comfortable atmosphere to provide comprehensive dental care for the whole family.
We strive to find treatment options that work best medically, financially, and aesthetically for each and every individual patient. We encourage our patients to partner with us and take an active role in their dental care.
Learn More About Us Meet The Dentist
Monday8:00 am - 5:00 pm
Tuesday8:00 am - 5:00 pm
Wednesday8:00 am - 5:00 pm
Thursday 8:00 am - 5:00 pm
Friday Closed
Saturday/Sunday Closed
In Case of Dental Emergency
Dental emergencies can happen at the most inopportune times- on weekends, holidays, or after regular office hours. Don't worry. At Blake Dentistry, we have a system in place for such a situation. If you're a current patient of record with an after-hours dental emergency, call 814-274-7262.
Why Choose Us
How We Can Improve Your Smile
At Blake Dentistry, our mission is to provide the best comprehensive dental care to our patients. This means that although we certainly do provide emergency dental care when needed, we focus on establishing partnerships with our patients based on the "big picture" of overall oral health, in order to tailor each treatment plan and routine care to the particular oral health needs, conditions, and concerns of each individual patient.
- As a regular-care patient at Blake Dentistry, you'll receive an individualized treatment plan based on a comprehensive evaluation of your oral condition. This individualized treatment plan also takes into consideration your own interests, needs, and concerns that pertain to your oral health and appearance.
- We bring our patients the latest dental technology to provide them with the most advanced, precise dental care.
- Our friendly staff is committed to making each appointment a pleasant experience.
- We see each patient as a partner in his or her own dental care, and to that end, we educate our patients on the various aspects of oral health. We think this education is just as important as the actual procedures we employ to bring your best smile to you.
Make an Appointment
Whether you are a new or returning patient, we look forward to providing you and your family with comprehensive dental care. Please click below to make an appointment.
New Here?
Remember how when you'd visit a new dentist, you used to have to arrive at least fifteen minutes early in order to juggle a clipboard, pen, your insurance information, and your list of health concerns and medications while you filled out the new patient forms? Talk about awkward!
Well, we've streamlined this process for you. Click on the link below to find our digital health and dental registration forms. Please fill them out in the comfort of your own home, prior to your first appointment and have all this information ready when you arrive. Not only will this save you time when you arrive at our office for your first visit, but will allow you a few moments to relax, gather your thoughts, read a magazine article perhaps, instead of having to frantically fill out these forms in the waiting room!
The Best Technology for Your Teeth
At Blake Dentistry, you don't have to travel to the big city in order to experience the latest in modern dental technology.
Digital X-rays
Digital radiology lets us capture sharper, more detailed x-ray images with significantly less radiation exposure for our patients than conventional film-based radiology.
Same-Day Crowns
You don't need to wait weeks for your crown, inlay, or onlay anymore! We provide high quality ceramic fixed restorations in a single visit, using the PlanMeca Fit System.
3D Implant Planning
Once the stuff of science fiction, 3-D Implant Planning makes for more precise implant placement and a better result for the patient.
Soft Tissue Diode Laser
Our soft tissue diode laser allows simple soft tissue surgery to be performed without bleeding and less trauma to the tissue. This means faster healing with less pain!


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In a monumental cock-up to top my best, I managed to let my domain name expire and thus the blog has been lost in the ether for some time. Normal mortals would simply renew it and carry on but no, not me. Oh no, I managed to forget any semblance of good administration and 'mislaid' my login details and so ensued a whole world of pain to verify my identity and reset my password. Not good.
Anyway, I'm back in the game now and can add incompetence to my list of skills so its not all bad.
Lots has been happening lately, but unfortunately the majority of it has nothing to do with backpacking,walking or wild camping. What a load of old tosh!
On a positive note, a post about our recent Lakes trip is in progress….