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Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates - Plug and Play, the largest global innovation platform, and Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM), the leading international financial centre based in Abu Dhabi, today announced Etihad Airways, the national airline of the UAE, and the Department of Culture and Tourism - Abu Dhabi as the founding corporate partners for their new Travel and Hospitality accelerator program.
The Plug and Play ADGM team, Etihad Airways and the Department of Culture and Tourism - Abu Dhabi will be working together to dictate the focus of the program based on their current use cases and curating a selection of highly rated startups sourced via their global network. Plug and Play ADGM will work hand in hand with both partner's business units to expedite the engagement process and encourage fruitful collaboration.
Plug and Play ADGM is also proud to announce that Miral, Abu Dhabi's creator of destinations, will participate in the accelerator program, allowing them to engage with the selected startups and support the growing entrepreneurial ecosystem across the region. Startups participating in the accelerator program will be able to benefit from ADNEC's community partnership by attending their regular workshops, private events, and networking sessions.
These partners will also be able to leverage Plug and Play's global ecosystem of over 25 travel and hospitality companies across the globe, from Silicon Valley to Singapore.
"The travel and hospitality sector is critical to Abu Dhabi's socio-economic development and we are delighted to form this strategic partnership with Plug and Play ADGM to collectively establish an infrastructure which will enable innovation to flourish in the aviation sector," said Tony Douglas, Group Chief Executive Officer of Etihad Aviation Group.
"Establishing Abu Dhabi's credentials as a world-class destination with universal appeal across all global traveller demographics is our key mandate at DCT Abu Dhabi, and this collaboration with Plug and Play ADGM, in tandem with our local partners, will allows us to forge a framework where innovation can flourish, and the potency and reach of our global messaging can be enhanced," said H.E Saif Saeed Ghobash, Undersecretary at DCT Abu Dhabi.
"We are proud that the expansion of our activities into the Travel and Hospitality space will further support Abu Dhabi's vision in becoming a regional hub for innovation," said Omeed Mehrinfar, Managing Partner, Middle East at Plug and Play.
Plug and Play ADGM kicked off their first Fintech accelerator program in Q3 of 2018, supporting five major financial institutions in achieving their innovation objectives on a global scale, as well as strengthening their competitive advantage within the financial sector.
Dhaher Bin Dhaher Al Mheiri, CEO of the Registration Authority of ADGM said, "ADGM is excited about the new Plug and Play ADGM's startup programme for the travel and hospitality sector and looks forward to collaborating with the corporate partners and startups. This new venture dovetails with ADGM's commitment and ongoing efforts in advancing the UAE and Abu Dhabi's blueprint to boost the competitiveness and attractiveness of the business environment, particularly, in empowering and supporting startups and innovators from the tourism and key industrial sectors.
Leveraging ADGM's end-to-end Tech startup ecosystem and its Professional Services Support Programme, firms and entrepreneurs have access to a nurturing and conducive environment while focusing on their innovative business solutions to local and international companies. We will continue to introduce and advocate initiatives to bring about sustainable development and growth for our country and the community reinforcing Abu Dhabi's economic diversification strategy."
Plug and Play's Travel & Hospitality Innovation Platform was founded in 2016 at their Silicon Valley headquarters, focused on discovering, supporting and scaling disruptive technologies that are reshaping the future of travel. The industry's IT infrastructure is long overdue for disruption, and there is an inherent need to connect industry leaders with innovators across the globe. Plug and Play leverages its global network to source startup technologies that increase revenue and lower costs, improve safety and security, build brand loyalty, and create seamless travel experiences for everyone.
The program will commence in Q3 of 2019, with the first batch of selected startups residing at ADGM.
For more information about the program, please reach out to firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Birthday Balloons & Tie Dye Reversible Tie/On Bandana
Birthday Balloons & Tie Dye Reversible Tie/On Bandana
Reversible, Tie/On Bandana
Our bandanas are tie/on and reversible. Each bandana style is unique to itself and the prints will not be repeated on another bandana in our collection.
Bandana Sizing
Small fits neck 12" or less
Medium fits neck 15" or less
Large fits neck 21" or less
XLarge fits neck 24" or less
When sizing your pet, please allow for enough room to tie without choking your pet.
Fabric pattern may vary from bandana to bandana and color might be slightly different.
* Please understand bandanas are not recommended for wear when pet is unsupervised as they can present hazard to pet.
Machine or Hand wash cold with like colors and mild detergent, hang dry. If machine dried, item may shrink. Warm Iron if needed, do not over heat tag.
** Fabric prints may very slightly from bandana to bandana.

subset: commoncrawl


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Cancer (June 21-July 22) — Nurturing, loving, devoted, cuddly, milky and self-centered, Cancer has it all. Your sign is not multifaceted; rather, you change like the tides, and are a little different every single day. Less polite people call you moody. What, not everyone has moods? Why do they all take things so personally? Or is it you who takes others so personally?
In any event, those born under your sign possess a certain desire for intimacy that is mingled with defensiveness about getting too close to others, and this can send a mixed message. It's important that you have a sense of control in your relationships, but you don't want to take that too far. You won't respect weak people, so you may as well surround yourself with strong ones who respect your space and who feel at home in your home.
It is sometimes said that the crab walks sideways, and your most important learning in this life is to be direct about what you feel and what you want, without feeling guilty about it. Your inclination is to experience your relationships in a structured way; you would have more fun if you would be more flexible. Remember that the people you love now are not as powerful as your mother was, so don't treat them like they're her.
Keep a Moon calendar on your desk and know the current phase and sign all the time. Cancer is one of the water signs, and is also a cardinal sign, being the beginning of summer in the Northern Hemisphere and winter south of the equator. If you want to know more about yourself, study the position of the Moon in your chart, as well as what are called the lunar nodes. These will reveal the deeper elements of your nature, and more than any other sign, the Moon's house, sign and aspects may reveal your most authentic nature.
In the system described in Alice Bailey's book Esoteric Astrology, the sign Cancer is considered the gateway to humanity. She describes Cancer and its opposite sign Capricorn as the portals through which humanity flows; Cancer is the entrance, and Capricorn is a kind of exit to the next reality. (Saturn, the ruler of Capricorn, is sometimes depicted as death personified, which has not made particularly good public relations for this planet — but it does help us understand some of the esoteric meaning involved, and how it might be misinterpreted.)
Cancer and Capricorn are the gateways: Cancer in, Capricorn out. This is symbolic; think of it as representing initiations: thresholds within life that take us from one place to the next. Yet in a curiously literal way, Cancer and its ruler, the Moon, are associated with many, many people, and you seem to be under consideration to be their spokesperson, messenger or alchemist for progress.
Cancer is also the sign associated with the conscious personality, which is an interesting metaphor for a gateway: a portal to awareness. That awareness is emotional (the Moon rules Cancer) and it is intuitive (in Esoteric Astrology, Neptune rules Cancer). There is a difference between the two that it would help you to sort out. It's good to know when you're emoting and when you're getting intuitive information.
For you, it relates to one rather significant fact: in the chart of the world, the sign Cancer is in the ascendant. In other words, the chart that holds the key to astrology has Cancer rising; and Cancer — not Aries — is the sign most closely associated with the 1st house. This is another clue that your sign is closely associated with the concept of identity, and that your own identity has something in common with the whole process of incarnating — and part of incarnation involves mastery over the emotions and mastery of a topic or field of expertise.
The main implication of this discovery — the Thema Mundi — is that the identity orientation of humanity is not the Aries/warrior/conqueror that modern astrology suggests; rather, in the view of the ancients, the primary identity of humanity is to nourish and nurture and gestate existence. Any placements in any first house of any chart will have this idea associated with them.
Cancer is more of an internal process, within the crab shell of the home and the feelings; Aries is more like that ram, which can run up a mountain or leap onto a rock like a lizard.
You have an extremely dynamic career chart, now and always, and one of the reasons why it's so dynamic is because you have to project your personality into it. One of the places you are the most daring and innovative is in your professional life.
Remember that everything involving your work or profession is a visioning process — right down to the stamp you put on an envelope containing your résumé, or whether you have a résumé at all. This includes how you describe what you do, who you are and how you present yourself.
One thing I can tell you is this: you're a lot more visible than you think, and your visions have more power than you've ever imagined.
Who you are is a process you vision every day. But usually the story is defensive, that is, compensating for something you feel you lack; or it is strategic, designed to manipulate or convince others of something. The visioning process you need is something that is born of originality, to create something new in the world, which is an expression of yourself with a role in the world.
I am talking about being passionate about what you do, with intention and love and a sense of devotion and nurturing, and honoring the value that your work has on the lives of others. This, in turn, will help you cultivate your sense of self-esteem, which is in truth your sense of belonging on the planet.
You have a public image and a relationship to the public, and you need to get it working. It's a relationship like any other, and for you, like most other things, it's someplace where you give from yourself deeply.
The world puts great emphasis on marriage, romance and love relationships, and practically ignores the miracles and beauty of work partnerships. Indeed, they are at once some of the most meaningful and underrated of our human contacts.
Personally for you, they are where you share, cultivate and grow two things vital to a whole life — service and faith.
Cancers have a need to care for people, critters and/or plants. They also need to care for organizations. This is their way of participating in the larger world of which they know they are a part, and in which they surely have a place — somewhere.
Money is an indicator for you, a kind of bellwether of your overall condition in life. This extends to how you feel about your resources and whether they are worth anything, including your talents.
You could make a list of everything you categorize as a financial issue, and then write on top of the list, "This is how I feel about myself," and you would have an accurate, useful summary. Much of this involves how you relate to what you want in the material world. What story do you tell yourself about those desires? What rationalizations do you make?
Worth is generally a comparison. It is a relative estimation. A cigarette lighter may be of little worth in a bar, where nearly everyone has one, and where (in many locales) you cannot even light a cigarette these days; but if you're stuck in the wilderness, it could save your life. Likewise, you estimate your worth based on certain comparisons to your environment and to others who are making contributions to the world. So the question is, what is your reference point?
Is someone else's contribution the reference, or is your contribution the reference? Or do you have some objective value? Your own particular constitution suggests that you need to use yourself as the reference point, and not compare yourself to others.
By all rights, you are exceptionally good with money. You are resourceful and you have ideas for how to create more of the stuff. Where you are in a potentially difficult spot, and need to really pay attention, involves your socialist leanings, and your agreements with others. The upshot is that, if you had the resources to do so, you could easily set up shop as a charity and be quite happy.
Unfortunately, that is not how our culture works. We need access to one another's resources as a way of life.
You are someone who exemplifies the concept of equanimity. Your ideals far exceed what is typically considered possible in the world. With Leo in the 2nd solar house as a constant factor, you identify with your values more passionately than most people. Indeed, this is something you share with the other water signs, Scorpio and Pisces. What is important to you is really important for you, and it's nothing you take for granted. Water signs get accused of all sorts of interesting things, but we cannot really be accused of not caring.
Remember that it's never easy for a water sign person to truly feel good about herself or himself because you feel so much, so deeply, and on this plane of reality there are so many reasons for doubt. But even you would agree that one of your greatest personal assets is determination.
Crabs come in a variety of species; some are tough and spiny, and come on claws-first. Many, though, tend to be receptive and lack the boundaries that you would normally associate with an invertebrate. Note that a crab is one of two animals in the zodiac that lacks a backbone, the other being a scorpion. The skeleton is on the outside, protecting an extremely soft interior.
Cancer is one of the most feminine signs, and the sign of the family. As a Cancer your orientation naturally will be to take care of the world; to nurture and nourish and leave it a better place than you found it. You may be inclined to think emotionally, without words, on "intuition" or hunches or to "go with your gut."
Cancer is the sign of compassion and nurturing. It's soft and curvy and makes good food for everyone. For your sign the essence of life is to need and be needed.
That is a primal instinct for humanity, and you embody it: it is the spirit of the relationship between a mother and a child. Cancer is the sign of mothering; the sign of breasts, security and feelings. Breasts feed humanity when it is young.
Because of your lunar orientation and your inherently nurturing nature, true paternal strength may be not only alien to you, but something you have sought over and over again in the world and never quite found.
As one born under the sign Cancer, you tend to seek security and need a container for your intimate bonding. Yet the Moon speaks of a need for nourishment, contact, warmth and the opportunity to nourish others. Part of the challenge of being born under the sign associated with the Moon is that it implies constant variables of the kind that defy your need for containment.
Your relationship angle is represented by Capricorn, which suggests that you tend to seek the structure that you need from others, a little like a hermit crab takes up the shell of another creature. This is natural enough, even necessary, for a water sign. All the water signs are opposed by earth signs. We need them and they need us. The key is to create situations that are balanced; that we can sustain and that provide what we need. I am aware that in this world, that's extremely difficult.
Capricorn gives us an image of your reliance on traditional modes of relationship, which are themselves challenging enough; but in the times we are living, where the months go by like dog years, it's particularly difficult to create stability. What we need is to be able to stay inwardly centered in the midst of constant change and stress.
The truth is that you are inclined to live by certain agreements that might have worked well enough 100 years ago, which did not work so well 40 years ago and which are seriously strained today.
Relationships happen in many houses, and another important one is the 8th, the house of shared resources, contracts and agreements. For you this is Aquarius, which suggests that while your relationships may lean toward traditional forms, in your deeper values you are a socialist.
In other words, you are someone who thrives on the sharing of resources, which in part can work because you feel you have plenty to offer. I'm not speaking about political socialism but rather an egalitarian notion that there is enough for everyone, so let's make it happen.
If there was ever someone who could become sexually attached to another person from one experience of sex, you're that person. This is an emotional need, and you have it. But combine it with your state of sexual need and the potential is volatile. The sad truth is that not everyone you meet is as enlightened or has the openhearted intentions that you do. Not everyone cares about people, and some of the ones who care the very least are attracted to the ones who care the most. For their part, the ones who care want to treat everyone with compassion, including those who would not be healthy for them; I think you get the picture.
Yet you need what you need: contact of the sexual, emotional and psychological kind. You need validation and you need attention. The crab shell does not work well in bed.
The containment power of Cancer (the sign) is helpful when it comes time to create a space for ourselves and our families: a container like a sense of protectiveness, a house, a financial structure, a company, a sense that we belong together — and also some boundaries within the family community so everyone knows who is who.
For individuals within that structure, there needs to be some level of participation in creating that collective sense of security that everyone benefits from. If you come in late, make sure all the doors are locked. If you see your sister has left a candle burning, blow it out. If dad's dinner is about to turn to char in the oven, take it out for him.
The shadow side of all this caring, nurturing and safety is an obsession with security. It can be a vague to troubling sense of insecurity; a need to protect everyone and everything; or a defensive posture in life that gets in the way of being forward-moving. Cancer is an inherently protective energy; it's a little defensive; and the feeling is, 'well, it's a big ocean out there, I better have a little space of my own'.
Everyone around you needs to get together and make a conspiracy to support your need for private space. This goes for anyone with strong Cancer signatures in their chart (whether Sun, Moon, rising, Saturn or Chiron; or a strong 4th house of some kind). Seek out quiet time (or leave these people alone) around the Full Moon and New Moon.
Children with strong Cancer signatures need to be protected from siblings born with more assertive, aggressive or feisty charts. They are less likely to defend themselves and more likely to respond by retreating psychically.
There's a need for a tangible security base of some kind in Cancer kids. The sense that they can participate in the larger whole, or the system of the family, community or group, is intuitively part of that security. Often this participation comes through nurturing others. Cancers do have a need to be alone when it suits them, but there's also the fear that they may wind up being alone.
To mitigate that, remember to stay plugged into your dynamic professional life (and if you have a Cancer child, to encourage ways for them to contribute to group endeavors). The more you invest in and honor the work you do, and recognize the value it has to others, the harder it will be to feel invisible inside your shell.
Keep your visioning process of who you are and your ability to contribute something original to the world at the forefront of everything you do. Each time you molt your shell, you reveal a bigger, truer version of you — one that's perfect for its moment.


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Joomla is a free and open-source content management system (CMS) for publishing web content. It is built on a model–view–controller web application framework that can be used independently of the CMS.
Joomla! is written in PHP, uses object-oriented programming (OOP) techniques
And software design patterns, stores data in a MySQL, MS SQL (since version 2.5), or PostgreSQL (since version 3.0) database, and includes features such as page caching, RSS feeds, printable versions of pages, news flashes, blogs, search, and support for language internationalization.Joomla As of November 2016, Joomla! has been downloaded over 81 million times. Over 7,800 free and commercial extensions.


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CL-S700, DT/TT, 203DPI, w/Rewinder
Our CL-S700II series is designed for ease of use; the metal mechanism opens vertically to a full 90° to allow for easy ribbon access, while integrated ribbon control and positioning support precision printing on even small or specialist media. The CL-S700II also comes with the option to print in both direct thermal and thermal transfer modes.
Capacity for ribbons up to 450 metres
Optional rewinder (CL-S700RII) and peeler


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These lenses were previewed back at Photokina but they are finally ready for prime time.
Press Release:
London, UK, 7th February 2011 – Canon today launches two new super-telephoto lenses for its leading EOS Digital SLR (DSLR) range – the EF 500mm F/4L IS II USM and the EF 600mm F/4L IS II USM. Designed to meet the needs of the most demanding sports and wildlife photographers, both lenses offer breakthrough performance, delivering consistently high-quality images and incredible mobility. The launch of the models follows a development announcement in August 2010, and the display of prototypes at Photokina 2010 in Cologne, Germany.
Launching into Canon's professional L-series, the models replace the widely-respected EF 500mm F/4L IS USM and EF 600mm F/4L IS USM, and are designed to achieve unparalleled levels of image quality. Each includes the highest-quality optics and the latest Canon Image Stabilizer (IS) technology, while magnesium alloy constructions with titanium components make each lens significantly lighter and even more durable. Launching as the lightest lens in its class*1, the EF 600mm F/4L IS II USM benefits from an exceptional 27% reduction (1.4kg) in weight compared to its predecessor, while the EF 500mm F/4L IS II USM offers an impressive reduction of 17% (680g).
New levels of performance
Both lenses feature completely redesigned optics, with 16 elements in 12 groups. Canon has over 40 years of experience in the manufacturing of fluorite lens elements, and has utilised two high performance fluorite elements in these lenses– delivering high resolution, high contrast shots rich in detail across the frame.
Both lens' optical elements feature Canon's Super Spectra Coatings and a SubWavelength Structure Coating (SWC), optimised to effectively reduce ghosting and flare. A water-repellent fluorine coating is also used on the surface of the front and rear elements, repelling dust and dirt for clearer shots, and keeping the front element free of marks by ensuring water droplets run off the lens quickly.
Enhanced IS, precise AF
Both models feature Canon's latest Image Stabilizer system, offering outstanding image quality during handheld shooting and allowing users to shoot at speeds up to four times slower than normally required. IS Mode 2 features new algorithms to improve performance when panning, and the new IS Mode 3 is also included, assisting users when switching between subjects by activating the IS unit only during exposure.
Both lenses offer a constant f/4 aperture, allowing photographers to achieve excellent image quality in low light and capture clear, sharp shots of fast-moving subjects. The wide aperture also allows users to creatively isolate their subjects from the background, with a nine-blade circular iris creating beautiful background blur that instantly adds atmosphere to an image.
Rapid, quiet Auto Focus (AF) is provided by a ring-type Ultrasonic Motor (USM). Photographers can also utilise full-time manual focusing functionality, which enables the fine-tuning of focus even when the AF system is activated, providing even greater control over image capture. Power Focus mode also assists users during video shooting, allowing the photographer to smoothly adjust focus during filming by twisting the focus recall ring.
Premium L-series design
Both lenses have been designed as part of Canon's renowned elite L-series, combining exceptional-quality optics with stylish designs. Both also feature a revised layout, with carefully-positioned controls that improve everyday operation. The AF stop buttons are now location-adjustable, improving ergonomics by allowing users to custom-select the position of the lens grip where the AF stop buttons are located.
Mechanical improvements include optional long or short foot tripod mounts suitable for monopods or tripods. An improved tripod collar rotational mechanism provides a smoother movement when turning the lens from portrait to landscape orientation, and a Kensington-type wire security lock has also been included, keeping the lenses secure during location-based shoots. The robust design is also weatherproof, making both lenses suitable for use in extreme conditions when paired with a weatherproof EOS body.
*1 According to Canon market research conducted in December 2010.


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Video Usage Proves Vital During COVID-19 Crisis
Telehealth services are now essential for medical providers — and our Video APIs are powering millions of interactions.
Our customer, Doxy.me, is a leading telehealth provider.
They supported over 600,000 doctor-to-patient video sessions with over 11 million video minutes—in a single day—in March. Using our video APIs, during the week of March 23, 2020, Doxy.me saw the following:- 139,000 (new) providers tried telemedicine using the Doxy.me platform
- 1.35 million patients were treated with telemedicine
- 170 million minutes of video teleconsultation
- 89.6 million streamed sessions minutes
- 168,999 video calls/day on average, over the last week
- 701% increase in video calls week-over-week
- 722% increase in video calls minutes week over week
- 1.68 million unique patients in March 2020
Flattening the curve
By helping patients, wherever they are, the risk of infection is minimized for everyone.
Our Video APIs are providing today's telehealth leaders the ability to expand their diagnostic capabilities virtually. This frees up resources, reduces demand for personal protective equipment (PPE), and limits exposure for healthcare staff and patients.
Our March video trends report offers a deep look at video APIs' growth due to COVID-19.
As the dramatic, universal new need for virtual communications grows, we've seen changes of:- +285%: The increase in total Video API platform minutes, over last three months (March vs. Jan. 2020)
- +232%: The increase in total Video API platform minutes, month over month (March vs. Feb. 2020)
- +727%: The increase in healthcare Video API minutes, month over month (March vs. Feb. 2020)
"Telehealth is playing a key role in keeping doctors and patients safe and healthy during this crisis, and we predict that when we're on the other side of this, it will become an accepted front-line medical practice."
Brandon Welch, Founder, Doxy.me
Learn more about our Video APIs
Interested in how Video APIs can help your practice bring medical professionals and patients together through secure, interactive video sessions? Connect with a Vonage API expert: fill out the form and we'll get back to you shortly.
Thanks for reaching out!
We'll get back to you as soon as we can. In the meantime, feel free to explore more about Vonage and how we're making communications more flexible, intelligent, and personal so our customers can stay ahead.


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History confirms it – the first photobook was made by a woman, with British photographer Anna Atkins publishing Photographs of British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions in 1843, a year before Henry Fox Talbot's The Pencil of Nature. Still, many historians, including Allan Porter in his introduction to The Photobook: A History, dismiss Atkins' work as "photographic prints" rather than photography.
"Unfortunately, this is far too often emblematic of the uphill battle women photobook-makers still encounter when we talk about their history," says Russet Lederman, co-founder of 10×10 Photobooks. "As we conducted research for the How We See project, we discovered that although women photographers produce relatively equal numbers of photobooks to men, their representation in the higher-profile sectors was, and still is, disappointing."


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Carrot | ||||||||||||||
Harvested carrots
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Daucus carota L. |
Carrot is a herbaceous root vegetable, Daucus carota subsp. sativus, in the parsley family (Apiaceae or Umbelliferae), which also includes the similar parsnip. The domesticated carrot is a cultivar of the wild carrot (Daucus carota), also known as "Queen Anne's lace," which is native to temperate parts of Europe and southwest Asia. The term carrot also applies to the long, edible, usually tapering taproot of the domesticated form. These taproots commonly are orange in color, but may be a variety of colors depending on the cultivar, including white, pink, yellow, or purple. They have a crisp texture when fresh.
Carrots growing wild play a valuable role in the ecosystem: the leaves and roots are a source of food for animals, such as larvae of Lepidoptera species, and carrot flowers provide nectar for bees, who in turn pollinate the plants. The domesticated carrot provides a nutritious food for humans, and its distinctive flavor, texture, and color is a source of joy. Humans have learned how to cultivate this root vegetable, produce diverse cultivars of it, and prepare it in many ways, including eating it raw, cooking it in a soup or stew, making carrot cake, and so forth.
Daucus carota is a member of the Apiaceae or Umbelliferae family (both names are allowed by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature). This family comprises unusually aromatic plants with hollow stems, including the cumin, parsley, carrot, parsnip, dill, caraway, fennel, and other relatives. The family also includes some highly toxic plants, such as hemlock.
Apiaceae is a large family with about 300 genera and more than 3,000 species. The earlier name Umbelliferae derives from the inflorescence (arrangement of flowers on a stem) being in the form of a compound "umbel." Each umbel comprises many small radially symmetrical flowers with five small sepals, five petals, and five stamens.
The wild carrot, Daucus carota, known also as bishop's lace or Queen Anne's lace, is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae that is native to temperate regions of Europe and southwest Asia. Daucus carota subsp. sativus is the domesticated form of the wild carrot Daucus carota. It has been bred for its greatly enlarged and more palatable, less woody-textured edible taproot, but is still the same species.
Wild carrot is a variable biennial plant, usually growing up to one meter (39 inches) tall and flowering from June to August. The umbels are claret-colored or pale pink before they open, then bright white and rounded when their hundreds of tiny blossoms are in full flower. The umbels measure 3-7 centimeters (1.2 - 2.75 inches) wide with a whorl of narrow bracts beneath. Finally, as the flowers turn to seed, the umbels contract and become concave like a bird's nest. This has given the plant its British common or vernacular name, bird's nest. Very similar in appearance to the deadly poison hemlock, it is distinguished by a mix of bi-pinnate and tri-pinnate leaves, fine hairs on its stems and leaves, a root that smells like the cultivated carrots, and occasionally a single dark red flower in its center.
Wild carrot was introduced and naturalized in North America, where it is often known as "Queen Anne's lace." It is so called because the flower resembles lace; the red flower in the center represents a blood droplet where Queen Anne pricked herself with a needle when she was making the lace. The function of the tiny red flower, colored by anthocyanin, is to attract insects. Because Queen Anne's lace was introduced into North America as a foreign species, the United States Department of Agriculture has listed it as a noxious weed.
The edible part of a domesticated carrot, Daucus carota subsp. sativus is a taproot. It grows a rosette of leaves in the spring and summer, while building up the stout taproot, which stores large amounts of sugars for the plant to flower in the second year. The flowering stem grows to about one meter (39 inches) tall.
The wild ancestors of the carrot are likely to have come from Afghanistan, which remains the center of diversity of D. carota, the wild carrot. Selective breeding over the centuries of a naturally-occurring subspecies of the wild carrot, Daucus carota subsp. sativus has produced the familiar garden vegetable (Rose and O'Reilly 2006; Mabey 1997).
In early use, carrots were grown for their aromatic leaves and seeds, not their roots. Some relatives of the carrot are still grown for these, such as parsley, fennel, dill, and cumin. The first mention of the root in classical sources is in the first century C.E. The modern carrot appears to have been introduced to Europe in the eighth to tenth centuries; Ibn al-Awam, in Andalusia, describes both red and yellow carrots. Simeon Seth also mentions both colors in the eleventh century. Orange-colored carrots appeared in the Netherlands in the seventeenth century (Dalby 1997).
In addition to wild carrot, these alternative (mostly historical) names are recorded for Daucus carota: bee's-nest, bee's-nest plant, bird's-nest, bird's-nest plant, bird's-nest root, carota, carotte (French), carrot, common carrot, crow's-nest, daucon, dawke, devil's-plague, fiddle, gallicam, garden carrot, gelbe rübe (German), gingidium, hill-trot, laceflower, mirrot, möhre (German), parsnip (misapplied), Queen Anne's lace, rantipole, staphylinos, and zanahoria (Spanish) (Nowick 2007).
Carrot cultivars can be grouped into two broad classes, eastern carrots and western carrots. More recently, a number of novelty cultivars have been bred for particular characteristics.
Eastern carrots
Eastern carrots were domesticated in Central Asia, probably in modern-day Afghanistan in the tenth century, or possibly earlier. Specimens of the eastern carrot that survive to the present day are commonly purple or yellow, and often have branched roots. The purple color common in these carrots comes from anthocyanin pigments.
Western carrots
The western carrot emerged in the Netherlands in the fifteenth or sixteenth century, its orange color making it popular in those countries as an emblem of the House of Orange and the struggle for Dutch independence. The orange color results from abundant carotenes in these cultivars. While orange carrots are the norm in the West, other colors do exist, including white, yellow, red, and purple. These other colors of carrot are raised primarily as novelty crops.
The Vegetable Improvement Center at Texas A&M University has developed a purple-skinned, orange-fleshed carrot, the BetaSweet (also known as the maroon carrot), with substances to prevent cancer, which has entered commercial distribution.
Western carrot cultivars are commonly classified by their root shape:
- Chantenay carrots are shorter than other cultivars, but have greater girth, sometimes growing up to eight centimeters (three inches) in diameter. They have broad shoulders and taper towards a blunt, rounded tip. They are most commonly diced for use in canned or prepared foods.
- Imperator carrots are the carrots most commonly sold whole in U.S. supermarkets; their roots are longer than other cultivars of carrot, and taper to a point at the tip.
- Danvers carrots have a conical shape, having well-defined shoulders and tapering to a point at the tip. They are somewhat shorter than imperator cultivars, but more tolerant of heavy soil. Danvers cultivars are often pureed as baby food.
- Nantes carrots are nearly cylindrical in shape, and are blunt and rounded at both the top and tip. Nantes cultivars are often sweeter than other carrots.
While any carrot can be harvested before reaching its full size as a more tender "baby" carrot, some fast-maturing cultivars have been bred to produce smaller roots. The most extreme examples produce round roots about 2.5 cm (one inch) in diameter. These small cultivars are also more tolerant of heavy or stony soil than long-rooted cultivars such as nantes or imperator. The "baby carrots" sold ready-to-eat in supermarkets are, however, often not from a smaller cultivar of carrot, but are simply full-sized carrots that have been sliced and peeled to make carrot sticks of a uniform shape and size.
Carrot flowers are pollinated primarily by bees. Seed growers use honeybees or mason bees for their pollination needs.
Carrots are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including common swift, garden dart, ghost moth, and large yellow underwing.
Novelty carrots
Food enthusiasts and researchers have developed other varieties of carrots through traditional breeding methods.
One particular variety lacks the usual orange pigment from carotenes, owing its white color to a recessive gene for tocopherol (Vitamin E). Derived from Daucus carota L. and patented (US patent #6,437,222) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the variety is intended to supplement the dietary intake of Vitamin E.
Production trends
In 2005, China was the largest producer of carrots and turnips, according to the Food and Agricultural Organization, although figures from China sometimes are considered suspect. According to these figures, China accounted for at least one third of the global output, followed by Russia and the United States.
Carrots can be eaten raw, whole, chopped, grated, or added to salads for color or texture. They are also often chopped and boiled, fried or steamed, and cooked in soups and stews, as well as fine baby foods and select pet foods. A well known dish is carrots julienne. Grated carrots are used in carrot cakes, as well as carrot puddings, an old English dish thought to have originated in the early 1800s. Together with onion and celery, carrots are one of the primary vegetables used in a mirepoix to make various broths.
The greens are edible as a leaf vegetable, but are rarely eaten by humans.
Since the late 1980s, baby carrots or mini-carrots (carrots that have been peeled and cut into uniform cylinders) have been a popular ready-to-eat snack food available in many supermarkets. Carrot juice is also widely marketed. Baby carrots tend to be very tender, but not as flavorful as full grown carrots (Herbst 2001).
The carrot gets its characteristic orange color from β-carotene, which on consumption by humans is metabolized into vitamin A. Carrots are a rich source of vitamin A, with a 100 gram portion having about five to ten milligrams of carotene (Bender and Bender 2005). Massive overconsumption of carrots can cause hypercarotinemia, a condition in which a person's skin appears orange (although this is superior to overdose effects of vitamin A, which can cause liver damage).
Carrots are also rich in dietary fiber, antioxidants, and minerals. For best nutrition, the carrot greenery should be removed as soon as possible as it takes moisture and vitamins from the roots (Herbst 2001).
Lack of vitamin A can cause poor vision, and better vision can be restored by adding vitamin A back into the diet. A common urban legend in part based on this is that carrots aid a human being's night vision. It is believed that this myth partly stemmed from disinformation introduced in 1940 by the British Royal Air Force to cover up the discovery and use of radar technologies that was allowing pilots to be successful at night (Kruszelnicki 2005). It reinforced existing German folklore and helped to encourage children to eat the vegetable.
Ethnomedically, the roots are used to treat digestive problems, intestinal parasites, and tonsilitis.
Falcarinol, a seventeen-carbon diyne fatty alcohol was isolated from carrot and red ginseng (Panax ginseng). It was shown to have potent anticancer properties on primary mammary epithelial cells (breast cancer) (CLC 2007).
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Bender, D. A., and A. E. Bender. 2005. A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198609612.
- Cyberlipid Center (CLC). 2007. Fatty alcohols. Cyberlipid Center. Retrieved August 18, 2007.
- Dalby, A. 1997. Siren Feasts: A History of Food and Gastronomy in Greece. London: Routledge. ISBN 0415116201.
- Dalby, A. 2003. Food in the Ancient World from A-Z. London: Routledge. ISBN 0415232597
- Herbst, S. T. 2001. The New Food Lover's Companion: Comprehensive Definitions of Nearly 6,000 Food, Drink, and Culinary Terms. Barron's Cooking Guide. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's Educational Series. ISBN 0764112589.
- Kruszelnicki, K. S. 2005. Great moments in science: Carrots & night vision. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved August 18, 2007.
- Mabey, R. 1997. Flora Britannica. London: Chatto and Windus. ISBN 1856193772.
- Nowick, E. A. Daucus carota. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Retrieved August 18, 2007.
- Rose, F., and C. O'Reilly. 2006. The Wild Flower Key. London: Frederick Warne. ISBN 0723251754
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The argument could easily be made that some of the most creative and innovative thinkers are sci-fi writers and filmmakers. In the recesses of their minds are some of the most interesting, farfetched, and technologically advanced ideas. Think of books like 2001: A Space Odyssey, or films like Star Wars or Star Trek – the […]
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Chapter 19: Jew and Gentile |
This chapter is based on Acts 15: 1 - 35.
On reaching Antioch in Syria, from which place they had been sent forth on their mission, Paul and Barnabas took advantage of an early opportunity to assemble the believers and rehearse "all that God had done with them, and how He had opened the door of faith unto the Gentiles." Acts 14:27. The church at Antioch was a large and growing one. A center of missionary activity, it was one of the most important of the groups of Christian believers. Its membership was made up of many classes of people from among both Jews and Gentiles. { AA 188.1} |
While the apostles united with the ministers and lay members at Antioch in an earnest effort to win many souls to Christ, certain Jewish believers from Judea "of the sect of the Pharisees" succeeded in introducing a question that soon led to wide-spread controversy in the church and brought consternation to the believing Gentiles. With great assurance these Judaizing teachers asserted that in order to be saved, one must be circumcised and must keep the entire ceremonial law. { AA 188.2} |
Paul and Barnabas met this false doctrine with promptness and opposed the introduction of the subject to the Gentiles. On the other hand, many of the believing Jews of Antioch favored the position of the brethren recently come from Judea. { AA 189.1} |
The Jewish converts generally were not inclined to move as rapidly as the providence of God opened the way. From the result of the apostles' labors among the Gentiles it was evident that the converts among the latter people would far exceed the Jewish converts in number. The Jews feared that if the restrictions and ceremonies of their law were not made obligatory upon the Gentiles as a condition of church fellowship, the national peculiarities of the Jews, which had hitherto kept them distinct from all other people, would finally disappear from among those who received the gospel message. { AA 189.2} |
The Jews had always prided themselves upon their divinely appointed services, and many of those who had been converted to the faith of Christ still felt that since God had once clearly outlined the Hebrew manner of worship, it was improbable that He would ever authorize a change in any of its specifications. They insisted that the Jewish laws and ceremonies should be incorporated into the rites of the Christian religion. They were slow to discern that all the sacrificial offerings had but prefigured the death of the Son of God, in which type met antitype, and after which the rites and ceremonies of the Mosaic dispensation were no longer binding. { AA 189.3} |
Before his conversion Paul had regarded himself as blameless "touching the righteousness which is in the law." Philippians 3:6. But since his change of heart he had gained a clear conception of the mission of the Saviour as the Redeemer of the entire race, Gentile as well as Jew, and had learned the difference between a living faith and a dead formalism. In the light of the gospel the ancient rites and ceremonies committed to Israel had gained a new and deeper significance. That which they shadowed forth had come to pass, and those who were living under the gospel dispensation had been freed from their observance. God's unchangeable law of Ten Commandments, however, Paul still kept in spirit as well as in letter. { AA 190.1} |
In the church at Antioch the consideration of the question of circumcision resulted in much discussion and contention. Finally, the members of the church, fearing that a division among them would be the outcome of continued discussion, decided to send Paul and Barnabas, with some responsible men from the church, to Jerusalem to lay the matter before the apostles and elders. There they were to meet delegates from the different churches and those who had come to Jerusalem to attend the approaching festivals. Meanwhile all controversy was to cease until a final decision should be given in general council. This decision was then to be universally accepted by the different churches throughout the country. { AA 190.2} |
On the way to Jerusalem the apostles visited the believers in the cities through which they passed, and encouraged them by relating their experience in the work of God and the conversion of the Gentiles. { AA 190.3} |
At Jerusalem the delegates from Antioch met the brethren of the various churches, who had gathered for a general meeting, and to them they related the success that had attended their ministry among the Gentiles. They then gave a clear outline of the confusion that had resulted because certain converted Pharisees had gone to Antioch declaring that, in order to be saved, the Gentile converts must be circumcised and keep the law of Moses. { AA 191.1} |
The Gentiles, and especially the Greeks, were extremely licentious, and there was danger that some, unconverted in heart, would make a profession of faith without renouncing their evil practices. The Jewish Christians could not tolerate the immorality that was not even regarded as criminal by the heathen. The Jews therefore held it as highly proper that circumcision and the observance of the ceremonial law should be enjoined on the Gentile converts as a test of their sincerity and devotion. This, they believed, would prevent the addition to the church of those who, adopting the faith without true conversion of heart, might afterward bring reproach upon the cause by immorality and excess. { AA 192.2} |
The various points involved in the settlement of the main question at issue seemed to present before the council insurmountable difficulties. But the Holy Spirit had, in reality, already settled this question, upon the decision of which seemed to depend the prosperity, if not the very existence, of the Christian church. { AA 192.3} |
"When there had been much disputing, Peter rose up, and said unto them, Men and brethren, ye know how that a good while ago God made choice among us, that the Gentiles by my mouth should hear the word of the gospel, and believe." He reasoned that the Holy Spirit had decided the matter under dispute by descending with equal power upon the uncircumcised Gentiles and the circumcised Jews. He recounted his vision, in which God had presented before him a sheet filled with all manner of four-footed beasts and had bidden him kill and eat. When he refused, affirming that he had never eaten that which was common or unclean, the answer had been, "What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common." Acts 10:15. { AA 192.4} |
Peter related the plain interpretation of these words, which was given him almost immediately in his summons to go to the centurion and instruct him in the faith of Christ. This message showed that God was no respecter of persons, but accepted and acknowledged all who feared Him. Peter told of his astonishment when, in speaking the words of truth to those assembled at the home of Cornelius, he witnessed the Holy Spirit taking possession of his hearers, Gentiles as well as Jews. The same light and glory that was reflected upon the circumcised Jews shone also upon the faces of the uncircumcised Gentiles. This was God's warning that Peter was not to regard one as inferior to the other, for the blood of Christ could cleanse from all uncleanness. { AA 193.1} |
Once before, Peter had reasoned with his brethren concerning the conversion of Cornelius and his friends, and his fellowship with them. As he on that occasion related how the Holy Spirit fell on the Gentiles he declared, "Forasmuch then as God gave them the like gift as He did unto us, who believed on the Lord Jesus Christ; what was I, that I could withstand God?" Acts 11:17. Now, with equal fervor and force, he said: "God, which knoweth the hearts, bare them witness, giving them the Holy Ghost, even as He did unto us; and put no difference between us and them, purifying their hearts by faith. Now therefore why tempt ye God, to put a yoke upon the neck of the disciples, which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear?" This yoke was not the law of Ten Commandments, as some who oppose the binding claims of the law assert; Peter here referred to the law of ceremonies, which was made null and void by the crucifixion of Christ. { AA 193.2} |
Peter's address brought the assembly to a point where they could listen with patience to Paul and Barnabas, who related their experience in working for the Gentiles. "All the multitude kept silence, and gave audience to Barnabas and Paul, declaring what miracles and wonders God had wrought among the Gentiles by them." { AA 194.1} |
James also bore his testimony with decision, declaring that it was God's purpose to bestow upon the Gentiles the same privileges and blessings that had been granted to the Jews. { AA 194.2} |
The Holy Spirit saw good not to impose the ceremonial law on the Gentile converts, and the mind of the apostles regarding this matter was as the mind of the Spirit of God. James presided at the council, and his final decision was, "Wherefore my sentence is, that we trouble not them, which from among the Gentiles are turned to God." { AA 194.3} |
This ended the discussion. In this instance we have a refutation of the doctrine held by the Roman Catholic Church that Peter was the head of the church. Those who, as popes, have claimed to be his successors, have no Scriptural foundation for their pretensions. Nothing in the life of Peter gives sanction to the claim that he was elevated above his brethren as the vicegerent of the Most High. If those who are declared to be the successors of Peter had followed his example, they would always have been content to remain on an equality with their brethren. { AA 194.4} |
In this instance James seems to have been chosen as the one to announce the decision arrived at by the council. It was his sentence that the ceremonial law, and especially the ordinance of circumcision, should not be urged upon the Gentiles, or even recommended to them. James sought to impress the minds of his brethren with the fact that, in turning to God, the Gentiles had made a great change in their lives and that much caution should be used not to trouble them with perplexing and doubtful questions of minor importance, lest they be discouraged in following Christ. { AA 195.1} |
The Gentile converts, however, were to give up the customs that were inconsistent with the principles of Christianity. The apostles and elders therefore agreed to instruct the Gentiles by letter to abstain from meats offered to idols, from fornication, from things strangled, and from blood. They were to be urged to keep the commandments and to lead holy lives. They were also to be assured that the men who had declared circumcision to be binding were not authorized to do so by the apostles. { AA 195.2} |
Paul and Barnabas were recommended to them as men who had hazarded their lives for the Lord. Judas and Silas were sent with these apostles to declare to the Gentiles by word of mouth the decision of the council: "It seemed good to the Holy Ghost, and to us, to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things; that ye abstain from meats offered to idols, and from blood, and from things strangled, and from fornication: from which if ye keep yourselves, ye shall do well." The four servants of God were sent to Antioch with the epistle and message that was to put an end to all controversy; for it was the voice of the highest authority upon the earth. { AA 195.3} |
The council which decided this case was composed of apostles and teachers who had been prominent in raising up the Jewish and Gentile Christian churches, with chosen delegates from various places. Elders from Jerusalem and deputies from Antioch were present, and the most influential churches were represented. The council moved in accordance with the dictates of enlightened judgment, and with the dignity of a church established by the divine will. As a result of their deliberations they all saw that God Himself had answered the question at issue by bestowing upon the Gentiles the Holy Ghost; and they realized that it was their part to follow the guidance of the Spirit. { AA 196.1} |
The entire body of Christians was not called to vote upon the question. The "apostles and elders," men of influence and judgment, framed and issued the decree, which was thereupon generally accepted by the Christian churches. Not all, however, were pleased with the decision; there was a faction of ambitious and self-confident brethren who disagreed with it. These men assumed to engage in the work on their own responsibility. They indulged in much murmuring and faultfinding, proposing new plans and seeking to pull down the work of the men whom God had ordained to teach the gospel message. From the first the church has had such obstacles to meet and ever will have till the close of time. { AA 196.2} |
Jerusalem was the metropolis of the Jews, and it was there that the greatest exclusiveness and bigotry were found. The Jewish Christians living within sight of the temple naturally allowed their minds to revert to the peculiar privileges of the Jews as a nation. When they saw the Christian church departing from the ceremonies and traditions of Judaism, and perceived that the peculiar sacredness with which the Jewish customs had been invested would soon be lost sight of in the light of the new faith, many grew indignant with Paul as the one who had, in a large measure, caused this change. Even the disciples were not all prepared to accept willingly the decision of the council. Some were zealous for the ceremonial law, and they regarded Paul with disfavor because they thought that his principles in regard to the obligations of the Jewish law were lax. { AA 197.1} |
The broad and far-reaching decisions of the general council brought confidence into the ranks of the Gentile believers, and the cause of God prospered. In Antioch the church was favored with the presence of Judas and Silas, the special messengers who had returned with the apostles from the meeting in Jerusalem. "Being prophets also themselves," Judas and Silas, "exhorted the brethren with many words, and confirmed them." These godly men tarried in Antioch for a time. "Paul also and Barnabas continued in Antioch, teaching and preaching the word of the Lord, with many others also." { AA 197.2} |
When Peter, at a later date, visited Antioch, he won the confidence of many by his prudent conduct toward the Gentile converts. For a time he acted in accordance with the light given from heaven. He so far overcame his natural prejudice as to sit at table with the Gentile converts. But when certain Jews who were zealous for the ceremonial law, came from Jerusalem, Peter injudiciously changed his deportment toward the converts from paganism. A number of the Jews "dissembled likewise with him; insomuch that Barnabas also was carried away with their dissimulation." This revelation of weakness on the part of those who had been respected and loved as leaders, left a most painful impression on the minds of the Gentile believers. The church was threatened with division. But Paul, who saw the subverting influence of the wrong done to the church through the double part acted by Peter, openly rebuked him for thus disguising his true sentiments. In the presence of the church, Paul inquired of Peter, "If thou, being a Jew, livest after the manner of Gentiles, and not as do the Jews, why compellest thou the Gentiles to live as do the Jews?" Galatians 2:13, 14. { AA 197.3} |
Peter saw the error into which he had fallen, and immediately set about repairing the evil that had been wrought, so far as was in his power. God, who knows the end from the beginning, permitted Peter to reveal this weakness of character in order that the tried apostle might see that there was nothing in himself whereof he might boast. Even the best of men, if left to themselves, will err in judgment. God also saw that in time to come some would be so deluded as to claim for Peter and his pretended successors the exalted prerogatives that belong to God alone. And this record of the apostle's weakness was to remain as a proof of his fallibility and of the fact that he stood in no way above the level of the other apostles. { AA 198.1} |
The history of this departure from right principles stands as a solemn warning to men in positions of trust in the cause of God, that they may not fail in integrity, but firmly adhere to principle. The greater the responsibilities placed upon the human agent, and the larger his opportunities to dictate and control, the more harm he is sure to do if he does not carefully follow the way of the Lord and labor in harmony with the decisions arrived at by the general body of believers in united council. Acts of the Apostles, page 199 par. 1 Read entire Chapter 19 |
After all Peter's failures; after his fall and restoration, his long course of service, his intimate acquaintance with Christ, his knowledge of the Saviour's straightforward practice of right principles; after all the instruction he had received, all the gifts and knowledge and influence he had gained by preaching and teaching the word—is it not strange that he should dissemble and evade the principles of the gospel through fear of man, or in order to gain esteem? Is it not strange that he should waver in his adherence to right? May God give every man a realization of his helplessness, his inability to steer his own vessel straight and safe into the harbor. { AA 199.2} |
In his ministry, Paul was often compelled to stand alone. He was specially taught of God and dared make no concessions that would involve principle. At times the burden was heavy, but Paul stood firm for the right. He realized that the church must never be brought under the control of human power. The traditions and maxims of men must not take the place of revealed truth. The advance of the gospel message must not be hindered by the prejudices and preferences of men, whatever might be their position in the church. { AA 199.3} |
Paul had dedicated himself and all his powers to the service of God. He had received the truths of the gospel direct from heaven, and throughout his ministry he maintained a vital connection with heavenly agencies. He had been taught by God regarding the binding of unnecessary burdens upon the Gentile Christians; thus when the Judaizing believers introduced into the Antioch church the question of circumcision, Paul knew the mind of the Spirit of God concerning such teaching and took a firm and unyielding position which brought to the churches freedom from Jewish rites and ceremonies. { AA 200.1} |
Notwithstanding the fact that Paul was personally taught by God, he had no strained ideas of individual responsibility. While looking to God for direct guidance, he was ever ready to recognize the authority vested in the body of believers united in church fellowship. He felt the need of counsel, and when matters of importance arose, he was glad to lay these before the church and to unite with his brethren in seeking God for wisdom to make right decisions. Even "the spirits of the prophets," he declared, "are subject to the prophets. For God is not the author of confusion, but of peace, as in all churches of the saints." 1 Corinthians 14:32, 33. With Peter, he taught that all united in church capacity should be "subject one to another." 1 Peter 5:5. { AA 200.2} |
Continue to Chapter 20 — Exalting the Cross ( Based on Acts 16: 36 - 41 ) |


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Notice: On April 23, 2014, Statalist moved from an email list to a forum, based at statalist.org.
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Re: st: constant variable as IV in panel?
Austin Nichols <[email protected]>
[email protected]
Re: st: constant variable as IV in panel?
Wed, 10 Aug 2011 11:06:55 -0400
Abhimanyu Arora <[email protected]>:
You report having variation across years within panel, so (a) should work:
"For all months in a year, take the same (annual) value of the yearly variables"
but include year and month dummies and cluster by both panel and year
using -ivreg2- on SSC.
See refs in that program's help file.
On Wed, Aug 10, 2011 at 6:41 AM, Abhimanyu Arora
<[email protected]> wrote:
> Dear statalist
> I think this is related to the posts by Matthias Opfinger and Austin
> Nichols with an addundum and would like request your intellectually
> stimulating views/references. The panel model I am estimating has a
> monthly frequency (no IV). But I also have yearly variables (in my
> case I have almost 20 years) for each cross section, which I would
> definitely like to include. The options that I am considering are the
> following
> (a) Related to Matthias' idea-For all months in a year, take the same
> (annual) value of the yearly variables
> (b) Year dummies-subsumes all (extraneous) yearly variables. But I am
> taking a trend.
> (c) Take the yearly value for the 6th month and impute the monthly
> variables from the series...a risky one
> Would be great to have your views and concerns or better alternatives.
> (Could hierarchical models come to the rescue?)
> With best regards
> Abhimanyu Arora
> On Thu, Jun 23, 2011 at 2:29 PM, Austin Nichols <[email protected]> wrote:
>> Matthias Opfinger <[email protected]>:
>> In such a case, you are using only between variation, and it is more
>> intellectually honest to run a cross-sectional regression for one
>> point in time, or possibly to compute a long difference using a pair
>> of years (estimating a cross-sectional regression in changes rather
>> than in levels), depending on which assumptions are more plausible
>> (plausibility comes from theory not from the data).
>> On Thu, Jun 23, 2011 at 5:22 AM, Matthias Opfinger
>> <[email protected]> wrote:
>>> Hi everyone,
>>> I want to estimate a panel model with observations on approx. 90 countries
>>> for five points in time between 1980 and 2005. However, one of my
>>> explanatory variables is endogeneous. The only possible instrument is a
>>> variable on climatic zones. So it would be the same for each country over
>>> all points in time. How can I put this into my model? Do I just put the same
>>> value for each country over all the points in time and then use xtivreg?
>>> Best
>>> Matthias
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text:
From Rafael Nadal winning his first hardcourt major in Australia, to Roger Federer completing the career grand slam, to the emergence of a new major star Juan Martin Del Potro at the U.S. Open, 2009 was a year replete with ups and downs on the men's tour. Here's a flashback.
At the Australian Open final, despite a marathon semifinal match, Nadal had adequate reserves to stare down Federer in another five setter. With that victory, Nadal seemed well positioned to achieve the calendar grand slam. After sweeping every clay court tournament, Nadal was halted at the Madrid Masters by Federer days prior to the French Open. For many analysts, fatigue may have been deserving of an assist as Federer defeated Nadal in straight sets to capture his initial title of 2009. As such, Nadal was still considered the outright favorite for a fifth consecutive French trophy.
While everyone may have discounted Robin Soderling in the fourth round at the French Open, the Swede who played a contentious match with Nadal at Wimbledon in 2007 had visions of victory dancing in his head. Soderling upstaged the best clay player in circulation, handing Nadal his first defeat at Roland Garros. Soderling rode this euphoric wave all the way to his first final at a major where he was ultimately stopped by Federer. In addition, Soderling was a quarterfinalist at the U.S. Open. At his initial ATP World Tour Finals, Soderling was a semifinalist and with that result jumped to a career best ranking of 8th after commencing 2008 at 17.
Melbourne was the site where Fernando Verdasco at last lived up to his talent. After surprising Andy Murray the hottest player on tour in the fourth round, Verdasco was involved in a dogfight in the semifinals with countryman Nadal. Hands down, the best match of the tournament and one of the most scintillating of the year, the two Spaniards went toe to toe for over five hours. Although Nadal was triumphant, Verdasco's run in Australia galvanized him the rest of the year. Verdasco reached the quarters at the U.S. Open and was instrumental in Davis Cup play. Verdasco participated in his first ATP World Tour Finals and ended 2009 at number 9.
After an horrendous start to the season, Federer's year turned around after beating Nadal in Madrid in May. After avoiding a sleuth of pitfalls to get to the French Open final, Federer grabbed the elusive brass ring and tied Pete Sampras' record of 14 majors. With a knee injury placing Wimbledon defending champ Nadal out of action, the impossibility of a Federer-Nadal duel could have been deflating for the championships. To the contrary, Andy Roddick stepped up to the plate and in facing Federer, the two had a final to rival last year's epic. Federer had to out ace Roddick, required 95 minutes and 30 games in the fifth set before coming away with the victory and a record setting 15 majors. In July, Federer supplanted Nadal at the top of the ATP's ranking list. Brimming with confidence, Federer appeared unstoppable and was a shoe-in for a sixth consecutive title in New York.
At the U.S. Open, Federer battled Del Potro in the final. With this being the latter's maiden major final, jitters were more likely than not to play a pivotal role. In spite of his youth, Del Potro demonstrated that he is a quick study. After a devastating lost to Federer in the French semifinals, down two sets to one, Del Potro carried a tiebreaker and showed up Federer in the fifth set to capture his initial major. Del Potro closed 2009 as the world's fifth best player and is a definite threat to take over the top spot in 2010.


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College: College of Liberal Arts & Communication
Department: World Languages and CulturesDescription
Studying German provides students access not only to a rich literary, philosophical, and artistic tradition, but also to a wide range of cultural, economic, political, and scientific developments.
After completing a Minor in German at Arkansas State, students should be able to read and write competently in the target language, as well as have confidence in speaking the language correctly.
Please consult with your advisor if you plan on pursuing a minor in German.
Curriculum and minor requirements can be found in the most current Undergraduate Bulletin.


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Milestones Project
The Milestones Project is a comprehensive, visual compendium of significant events in the histories of data visualization, statistical graphics and thematic cartography. This new version features an interactive timeline, an interactive map of authors' birthplaces, and a calendar of significant events in this history.
Quick links: Main page | Author map | Milestones calendarData Visualization Gallery
This Gallery of Data Visualization displays some examples of the Best and Worst of Statistical Graphics, with the view that the contrast may be useful, inform current practice, and provide some pointers to both historical and current work.
Quick links: Visit Gallery | Graph of the Week ... | Timelines | MinardBooks
Here are links to my books on data visualization and statistical graphics, as well as other related books of interest
- SAS System for Statistical Graphics
- Visualizing Categorical Data
- Visual Statistics
- Discrete Data Analysis with R
Courses & Short Courses
I teach a variety of courses in the Psychology Department at York University and short courses on statistical topics through the Statistical Consulting Service at York. Here are links to those which contain online materials.
MoreOnline Papers
Links to online papers and presentations. These include published papers, technical reports, slides from presentations and links to other related materials.
MoreR Software
This page provides brief descriptions of R packages related to my work on data visualization and the history of statistical graphics.
- heplots: Visualizing multivariate hypothesis tests
- candisc: Generalized canonical discrimininant analysis
- vcd and vcdExtra: Visualizing categorical data
- Guerry: maps, data and methods related to Guerry's Moral Statistics of France
- HistData: Historical data sets
- tableplot: Semi-graphic tabular displays
SAS Software
These pages provide access to a large collection of SAS macros, SAS/IML programs, data sets and other materials developed in relation to my books, papers and courses, and made available through this site.
These programs are updated periodically and the latest versions are always available here.
- Graphical Methods
- Linear Models
- Categorical Data
- Structural Equation Models
- Utility Macros


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SANTA ANA, Calif. – A California teacher who was arrested two months ago for hoarding more than 400 snakes in his Orange County home has been charged with felony animal abuse.
The district attorney said Friday that 53-year-old William Frederick Buchman will make a first court appearance on Monday.
Buchman was arrested Jan. 29 after neighbors complained about a foul smell coming from his home in Santa Ana.
Authorities found more than 400 ball pythons in his home, stacked in bins that were on floor-to-ceiling shelves.
Prosecutors say 240 of the snakes were already dead.
The remaining snakes were given to snake rescue organizations, which found them homes.
No attorney was listed for Buchman in the court docket. It wasn't clear if he had one or would be assigned a public defender Monday.


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How to buy XSGD (XSGD) step by step
At Bit2Me, we update our cryptocurrency listings periodically to include new tokens that our users can trade with. However, not all tokens on the market appear in our list.
Fortunately, you have the option to buy XSGD - XSGD on Bit2Me, even if it is not currently on our official listings, just follow the instructions we share with you in this step-by-step guide.
1. Buy ETH on Bit2Me
The first thing we suggest is to buy ETH on Bit2Me. Why ETH and not another crypto? With Ethereum, you will later have access to a multitude of tokens in the next step. To buy ETH on Bit2Me, follow these steps:
- Open an account on Bit2Me through following link
- Verify your account
- Add Euros to your Bit2Me wallet
- Buy Ethereum and keep them in your Bit2Me wallet
2. Open a wallet on Metamask
How to create your wallet on MetaMask? 9 simple steps
MetaMask is a digital wallet, available as a plugin for desktop browsers and also for smartphones, Android and iOS. It is a wallet compatible with Ethereum and also with most of the main blockchains on the market, so it facilitates access to decentralized applications (DApps) for any user, regardless of their experience with cryptocurrencies.
Let's see how you can create and configure your MetaMask wallet in 9 steps:
- Download the browser extension or the mobile app for MetaMask.
- Next, click on the 'Get Started' button that appears on the screen to begin setting up your account.
- Create your first wallet by clicking on the 'Create a Wallet' button.
- Accept the terms and conditions of MetaMask to continue with the process.
- Create a password, following the instructions from MetaMask, for your first wallet.
- Write down and keep your seed phrase in a safe place, following the security advice that appears on the screen.
- You can now access your wallet from the desktop browser.
- Name your account.
- You can now send and receive cryptocurrencies directly to your MetaMask wallet.
If you want more information on how MetaMask works and all its options, you can consult our article What is MetaMask? The easiest way to use dApps at Bit2Me Academy.
How to buy XSGD on a DEX?
Deposit your ETH into Metamask and buy XSGD on a DEX. Now that you have ETH in Bit2Me, you can exchange them for XSGD from MetaMask very easily:
- Transfer your ETH from Bit2Me to Metamask. To do this, you will have to click on the "Send" option in your Bit2Me wallet and enter the ETH wallet address in Metamask.
- Once your ETH has arrived in Metamask (this may involve paying the corresponding gas fee), you can move on to the next step.
- Connect your MetaMask wallet to a decentralized exchange (DEX) that has XSGD like PancakeSwap.
- Select ETH as payment and XSGD as the cryptocurrency you want to buy.
- Make the swap.
Why can't I swap directly from MetaMask? MetaMask's native exchange only allows swaps between cryptocurrencies that are native to the same blockchain. Therefore, as ETH and XSGD belong to two different blockchains, it is impossible to make the exchange this way and it will be necessary to go to a decentralized exchange (DEX) to make the swap.
What if XSGD is not available on a DEX?
If the token you want to buy, in this case XSGD, is not available on the DEX, you can use a blockchain scanning tool, such as Etherscan.io and search for the smart contract address of the blockchain.
In some decentralized exchanges, even if the cryptocurrency you are looking for is not listed, you will have the option to copy the smart contract address from Etherscan and paste it into the search bar to perform the swap manually.
In this case, we remind you to carefully check the addresses and be alert to possible frauds or phishing attacks.


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The federal Liberals have come up with a $16-billion answer to Canada's competitiveness concerns.
Ottawa's long-awaited plan to help Canada compete with the United States for investment dollars is the centrepiece of its latest fall economic statement, which forecasts slightly deeper annual deficits over the coming years.
Finance Minister Bill Morneau had faced pressure to lower the corporate tax rate in response to major tax and regulatory reforms in the U.S.
But in Wednesday's economic update Morneau chose to use billions worth of extra federal fiscal space to offer tax incentives for businesses who invest in Canada.
Morneau said the government is benefiting from "a very good situation – but we know that we have to consider investments in the future…. That's why we listened to and heard the anxieties of the business sector."
By far, the biggest-ticket items among the proposed tax measures are changes that would enable businesses to immediately write off the full cost of some types of machinery and equipment, and allow companies of all sizes and in all sectors to expense a larger share of newly acquired assets.
READ MORE: Federal fall update expected to offer more support for struggling news outlets
The new write-offs alone are expected to cost the federal treasury about $14 billion over the next half-decade.
As part of its competitiveness plan, the government also proposes about $1.1 billion over the coming years towards efforts to open new market access for Canadian exporters. It is also looking to add another $800 million over five years to its strategic innovation fund, which supports "innovative" investments in all sectors.
A stronger economy has given the government about $22 billion in extra fiscal room over the coming years, compared to what federal forecasters projected in last February's budget. But the new initiatives will also contribute to slightly larger-than-expected annual shortfalls, beginning next year.
The government is now projecting deficits of $18.1 billion in 2018-19, $19.6 billion in 2019-20 and $18.1 billion in 2020-21. After 2020-21, the annual shortfalls are expected to shrink each year to $11.4 billion in 2023-24.
The fiscal update contains no timetable to eliminate the Liberals' deficits. The government has drawn criticism from the Opposition Conservatives and some economists for failing to provide a timeline back to balance, especially with the economy running close to full strength.
Following the 2015 election, the Liberal government abandoned pledges to run annual deficits of no more than $10 billion and to balance the books by 2019. Instead, it has focused on reducing the net debt-to-GDP ratio – also known as the debt burden – each year.
The debt-to-GDP ratio is now projected to gradually fall from 30.9 per cent in 2018-19 to 28.5 per cent in 2023-24.
Morneau's fall economic statement also proposes additional support for the country's struggling journalism industry by enabling non-profit news organizations to receive donations and through the creation new tax credits – all of which are part of a plan expected to reduce government revenues by $600 million over five years.
The government plan also proposes $240 million towards sustaining Canada's wild fish stocks, with a focus on Pacific salmon.
The Canadian Press


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Discontinued, replaced by CDH-SD11.
The CDB-387 is a microprocessor-based, benchtop conductivity, resistivity and TDS meter. The unit has a large LCD display and membrane keypad for easy operation. The meter features automatic temperature compensation, programmable temperature coefficient, recorder output and bi-directional RS-232C output. The CDB-387 measures 5 conductivity ranges, 2 resistivity ranges and 4 TDS ranges. The CDB-387 will automatically select the most suitable range to provide maximum resolution. The CDB-387 operates off ac power or a 9 V battery. The 9 V battery serves as a back-up to retain calibration data, even in the event of a power failure, and allows for portable field measurements. The unit is supplied with a glass dip-style conductivity cell with an integral temperature sensor, K = 1.0, calibration solutions and 9V ac adaptor.


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This is a near quote of Michael Pollan on NPR's Fresh Air this week:
There is a real issue of perception of elitism, and it is one of ironies of our society that junk food being sold by multinational corporations like McDonalds and Kraft appears to be populist, and food grown by struggling, scrupulous farmers is regarded as elitist. And I think there is something wrong with this picture, that those agribusiness companies have seized the populist high ground. When you look at how that supposedly cheap, populist food is produced, it's dependent on government handouts, it's dependent on the brutalizing of workers and brutalizing of animals, and it suddenly appears in a very, very different light.
The discussion occurs at about 31:00 minutes into the interview.
Pollan's comments notwithstanding, it remains the case that much of the sustainable and local food system in the U.S. supports those with solidly middle to upper-class paychecks. This has bothered me for years.
We have seen renewed food systems that we cheer come into existence in recent years, but we too often fail to acknowledge that the growing gap between the rich and the poor is precisely what has made this possible.
Who doesn't love a Niman Ranch hog farmer? But these farmers that we love to love produce meat for high-end markets on the coasts. Certainly, this is better than producing hogs in confinement for export or growing corn for unmitigated biofuels production. But a local food system that caters to and relies upon a growing wealth disparity leaves too many of the social ills that we set out to address untouched.
That being said, Pollan, as he is apt to do, offers a concise and effective rebuttal to the "local food as elitist" argument. In fact, it is best rebuttal I ever recall having heard.


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Drawstring Bag
Custom drawstring bags which can be completely personalized with name, quotes, memes or favorite cartoon characters.
Custom drawstring bags which can be completely personalized with name, quotes, memes or favorite cartoon characters.
Available Sizes | 30.5x35.5cm (12x14inch), 38x43cm (14.5x17inch) |
Shape | StringBag |
In the Sales Package | 1 Drawstring bag |
Weight | 210 grams |
No. Of Pockets | No |
Care | Machine wash, Dry in Shade |
Closure | Tie/Knot |
Material | Satin mat fabric |
Delivery Information | • The products are shipped using the services of our courier partners;.The estimated delivery date may vary. Your gift may be delivered prior or after the chosen date of delivery. • Our courier partners do not call prior to delivering an order, so we recommend that you provide an address at which someone will be present to receive the package. • The delivery cannot be redirected to any other address. All courier orders are carefully packed and shipped from our warehouse. • Soon after the order has been dispatched, you will receive a tracking number that will help you trace your gift. • Customized products will not be returned or refunded only if it is ready-made product that can be returned and refunded. • Within 24 hours of placing your order you are able to cancel it by calling our customer services at +91- 9110636079 Mon-Sat (9am-6pm) or emailing us at email@example.com • Depending on the product and how recently you have placed your order, you may be able to change your delivery address |
Drawstring bags are so convenient and efficient! Now getting them personalized will make it a hit at your work place, college, meet up, etc. This custom drawstring bag is a fun way to keep your valuables safe on the go. Print your chosen photo design, text, images etc onto the bag using our easy online designing tool. These personalized drawstring bags are made for customer satisfaction and the best gift giving experience. Eco friendly, easy to maintain and machine washable. Our Drawstring Bags present convenience and style at economical pricing, these bags are reusable with unbeatable quality. Design your personalized drawstring bag as per your desire with RightGifting.


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I am moving to Chicago and will be downsizing my Canon collection: ( I just have too much stuff)
I will be selling the following: (most with original boxes, lens caps, hoods, batteries, charges, straps, etc.)
Canon 20D (75)
Canon D50 body (300)
Canon D50 body with battery grip (350)
70-200mm f2.8 non IS (875) (no box)
14-40mm F4 (500)
50mm f1.4 (225)
Or Best Offers
I will need to sell the D50 bodies before parting with the lenses.
Will consider discount for bodies with lenses.