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Since the Peanut Gallery seats typically had the worst view of the stage, it only stands to reason that the seats would be the cheapest seats in the house and that those sitting in the cheap seats, would be sold the cheapest snacks. Yep, you guessed it, those folks sitting in the Peanut Gallery were sold....peanuts. So, not only did these rude hecklers shout at the performers on stage, letting them know what a horrible job they were doing, every now and then, these Peanut Gallery patrons would chuck a peanut at one of the performers on stage. I have not had many opportunities to perform for a crowd on a live stage, but, none the less, I've had a peanut or two thwap me in the head over the years.
If you are a parent loving a child or an adult with autism, chances are good that you have had a peanut or two chucked at your head by someone in the Peanut Gallery. Typically, these peanuts are thrown by someone with a very limited view of the stage, a very limited awareness of the characters in the scene and someone who has never been on the stage with you. Sometimes, this heckler may be someone close to you, someone who may even have a better seat, a better view, but, this heckler still thinks your performance deserves a peanut or two to the head. Even if this someone has the best box seat in the house, and has a perfect view of you and your child, chances are good that they still have no idea what goes on behind the scenes, and even if they did, they would probably still throw peanuts at your head because they have never been on the stage. It's easy to be critical while sitting comfortably in the audience with little to no idea how much work has gone in to making the scene go off with or without a hitch. My advice? Practice throwing peanuts to score a good head shot to such rude audience hecklers.
Back then, Denial, Guilt, and Clueless were on stage with me, and trust me when I tell you, we felt each and every peanut chucked at us from the patrons sitting in the Peanut Gallery. When hecklers in the cheap seats, with such a limited view, would witness a full blown sensory meltdown, that to the ignorant audience member looked remarkably like a tantrum, heckles like, "if he just had a little more discipline", or "if there were more time outs, more consequences, more grabs by the shirt collar, maybe you wouldn't have this problem" along with other critical remarks, felt like a peanut shooting machine gun against my transparent skin.
Sometimes, even the quiet ones, in the good seats, without so much as a boo or a hiss out of them, would look at me and I felt the peanuts pelting off my head. You see, unlike Ryan, I can easily understand emotions conveyed from someone's eyes and I knew and felt the look of "Well, maybe if you just didn't give in to him all the time....". I recognized the condescending smile to my face and the eye roll to my back. Of all the heckles, of all the looks, my personal favorite heckle would come at meal time. Ryan's palate is dictated by the texture of every piece of food he puts in his mouth, so when I'm told by a heckler that, "He will eat it when he's hungry.", I kind of want to shove a handful of peanuts in their face....hard.
Even when I was on a stage filled with others, there were times, that I felt so terribly alone, questioning every move, every line and every choice I made and this made the hecklers' words, and their peanuts, feel more like a direct shot to my heart, than to my head.
We may have all had that initial fear as we stepped on the stage with autism, we may have all felt the sting from each and every peanut, but, in time, we have learned that this is our stage, and how we act out each and every scene is for our child, not for the audience. Sure, every now and then a peanut thwacking me on the temple still hurts, but, my skin has gotten thicker with time, experience, and awareness.
The folks in the Peanut Gallery, who have such limited views of the scene being played out before them, either due to a lack of awareness or due to a lack of concern, will always be ignorant, rude, and careless with their heckles, boos, and peanut tosses. It took me a while, but, I have learned that even if I were on that stage receiving an Academy Award for my performance, there will always be someone who thinks I don't deserve it, there will always be a Kanye West making me doubt that my performance is worthy of such an award. The difference now is that I am the one handing the Peanut Gallery patrons their cheap bag of peanuts to throw at will because now I know that the only person whose opinion really matters when it comes to my performance, is the one who has been standing on the stage with me all along.


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Editor's Note: This story originally appeared on The Penny Hoarder.
You probably don't need us to tell you that the earlier you start saving for retirement, the better.
But let's face it: For a lot of people, the problem isn't that they don't understand how compounding works. They start saving late because their paychecks will only stretch so far.
Whether you're in your 20s or your golden years are fast-approaching, saving and investing whatever you can will help make your retirement more comfortable.
We'll discuss how to save for retirement during each decade, along with the hurdles you may face at different stages of life.
How Much Should You Save for Retirement?
A good rule of thumb is to save between 10% and 20% of pre-tax income for retirement. But the truth is, the actual amount you need to save for retirement depends on a lot of factors, including:
- Your age. If you get a late start, you'll need to save more.
- Whether your employer matches contributions. The 10% to 20% guideline includes your employer's match. So if your employer matches your contributions dollar-for-dollar, you may be able to get away with less.
- How aggressively you invest. Taking more risk usually leads to larger returns, but your losses will be steeper if the stock market tanks.
- How long you plan to spend in retirement. It's impossible to predict how long you'll be able to work or how long you'll live. But if you plan to retire early or people in your family often live into their mid-90s, you'll want to save more.
How to Save for Retirement at Every Age
Now that you're ready to start saving, here's a decade-by-decade breakdown of savings strategies and how to make your retirement a priority.
Saving for Retirement in Your 20s
A dollar invested in your 20s is worth more than a dollar invested in your 30s or 40s.
The problem: When you're living on an entry-level salary, you just don't have that many dollars to invest, particularly if you have student loan debt.
Prioritize Your 401(k) Match
If your company offers a 401(k) plan, a 403(b) plan or any retirement account with matching contributions, contribute enough to get the full match — unless of course you wouldn't be able to pay bills as a result.
The stock market delivers annual returns of about 8% on average. But if your employer gives you a 50% match, you're getting a 50% return on your contribution before your money is even invested. That's free money no investor would ever pass up.
Pay Off High-Interest Debt
After getting that employer match, focus on tackling any high-interest debt.
Those 10% average annual stock market returns pale in comparison with the average interest rate for people who have credit card debt — nearly 20% in early 2023. In a typical year, you'd expect a $100 investment could earn you $10.
Put that $100 toward your balance? You're guaranteed to save $20.
If you have federal student loans that have been in automatic forbearance since March 2020, you'll need to make a budget that includes the minimum payment. Though forbearance remains in effect as of this writing, mandatory payments are likely to resume in 2023.
Take More Risks
Look, we're not telling you to throw your money into risky investments like bitcoin or the penny stock your cousin won't shut up about.
But when you start investing, you'll probably answer some questions to assess your risk tolerance. Take on as much risk as you can mentally handle, which means you'll invest mostly in stocks with a small percentage in bonds.
Don't worry too much about a stock market crash. Missing out on growth is a bigger concern right now.
Build Your Emergency Fund
Building an emergency fund that could cover your expenses for three to six months is a great way to safeguard your retirement savings. That way you won't need to tap your growing nest egg in a cash crunch. This isn't money you should have invested, though. Some options include:
Tame Lifestyle Inflation
We want you to enjoy those much-deserved raises ahead of you — but keep lifestyle inflation in check. Don't spend every dollar each time your paycheck gets higher.
Commit to investing a certain percentage of each raise and then use the rest as you please.
Saving for Retirement in Your 30s
If you're just starting to save in your 30s, the picture isn't too dire. You still have about three decades left until retirement, but it's essential not to delay any further.
Saving may be a challenge now, though, if you've added kids and homeownership to the mix.
Invest in an IRA
Opening a Roth IRA is a great way to supplement your savings if you've only been investing in your 401(k) thus far. A Roth IRA is a solid bet because you'll get tax-free money in retirement.
In 2023, you can contribute up to $6,500 if you're younger than 50.
If you earn too much to fund a Roth IRA, or you want the tax break now (even though it means paying taxes in retirement), you can contribute to a traditional IRA.
Your investment options with a 401(k) are limited. But with an IRA, you can invest in whatever stocks, bonds, mutual funds or exchange-traded funds (ETFs) you choose.
Avoid Mixing Retirement Money With Other Savings
You're allowed to take a 401(k) loan for a home purchase. The Roth IRA rules give you the flexibility to use your investment money for a first-time home purchase or college tuition. You're also allowed to withdraw your contributions whenever you want.
Wait, though. That doesn't mean you should.
The obvious drawback is that you're taking money out of the market before it's had time to compound.
But there's another downside. It's hard to figure out if you're on track for your retirement goals when your Roth IRA is doing double duty as a college savings account or down-payment fund.
Start a 529 Plan While Your Kids Are Young
Saving for your own future takes higher priority than saving for your kids' college. But if your retirement funds are in shipshape, opening a 529 plan to save for your children's education is a smart move.
Not only will you keep the money separate from your nest egg, but by planning for their education early, you'll avoid having to tap your savings for their needs later on.
Keep Investing When the Stock Market Crashes
The S&P 500 index, which represents about 80% of the U.S. stock market, finished out 2022 with losses around 19%. The stock market has a major meltdown like the March 2020 COVID-19 pandemic crash about once a decade.
But when a prolonged bear market or crash happens in your 30s, it's often the first time you have enough invested to see your net worth take a hit.
Don't let panic take over. No cashing out. Commit to dollar-cost averaging and keep investing as usual, even when you're terrified.
Saving for Retirement in Your 40s
If you're in your 40s and started saving early, you may have a healthy nest egg by now. But if you're behind on your retirement goals, now is the time to ramp things up.
You still have plenty of time to save, but you've missed out on those early years of compounding.
Continue Taking Enough Risk
You may feel like you can afford less investment risk in your 40s, but you still realistically have another two decades left until retirement. Your money still has — and needs — plenty of time to grow.
Stay invested mostly in stocks, even if it's more unnerving than ever when you see the stock market tank.
Put Your Retirement Above Your Kids' College Fund
You can only afford to pay for your kids' college if you're on track for retirement.
Talk to your kids early on about what you can afford, as well as their options for avoiding massive student loan debt, including attending a cheaper school, getting financial aid, and working while going to school.
Your options for funding your retirement are much more limited.
Keep Your Mortgage
Mortgage rates vary from week to week. Your potential returns are much higher for investing, so you're better off putting extra money into your retirement accounts.
If you haven't already done so, consider refinancing your mortgage to get the lowest rate.
Invest Even More
Now is the time to invest even more if you can afford to. Keep getting that full employer 401(k) match. Beyond that, try to max out your IRA contributions.
If you have extra money to invest on top of that, consider allocating more to your 401(k). Or you could invest in a taxable brokerage account if you want more flexibility on how to invest.
Meet With a Financial Adviser
You're about halfway through your working years when you're in your 40s. Now is a good time to meet with a financial adviser.
If you can't afford one, a financial counselor is typically less expensive. They'll focus on fundamentals like budgeting and paying off debt, rather than giving investment advice.
Saving for Retirement in Your 50s
By your 50s, those retirement years that once seemed like they were an eternity away are getting closer. Maybe that's an exciting prospect — or perhaps it fills you with dread.
Whether you want to keep working forever or retirement can't come soon enough, now is the perfect time to start setting goals for when you want to retire and what you want your retirement to look like.
Review Your Asset Allocation
In your 50s, you may want to start shifting more into safe assets, like bonds or CDs. Your money has less time to recover from a stock market crash.
Be careful, though. You still want to be invested in stocks so you can earn returns that will keep your money growing. With interest rates likely to stay low through 2023, bonds and CDs probably won't earn enough to keep pace with inflation.
Take Advantage of Catch-Up Contributions
If you're behind on retirement savings, give your funds a boost using catch-up contributions. In 2023, you can contribute:
- $1,000 extra to a Roth or traditional IRA (or split the money between the two) once you're 50
- $7,500 extra to your 401(k) and most other workplace accounts once you're 50
- $1,000 extra to a health savings account (HSA) once you're 55.
The Secure Act 2.0, which passed in December 2022, will increase catch-up contributions to employer-sponsored accounts workers between ages 60 and 63 beginning in 2025.
Work More if You're Behind
Your window for catching up on retirement savings is getting smaller now. So if you're behind, consider your options for earning extra money to put into your nest egg.
You could take on a side hustle, take on freelance work or work overtime if that's a possibility to bring in extra cash. Even if you intend to work for another decade or two, many people are forced to retire earlier than they planned.
It's essential that you earn as much as possible while you can.
Pay Off Your Remaining Debt
Since your 50s is often when you start shifting away from high-growth mode and into safer investments, now is a good time to use extra money to pay off lower-interest debt, including your mortgage.
Retirement will be much more relaxing if you can enjoy it debt-free.
Saving for Retirement in Your 60s
Hooray, you've made it! Hopefully your retirement goals are looking attainable by now after working for decades to get here. But you still have some big decisions to make.
Someone in their 60s in 2021 could easily spend another two to three decades in retirement. Your challenge now is to make that hard-earned money last as long as possible.
Make a Retirement Budget
Start planning your retirement budget at least a couple of years before you actually retire. Financial planners generally recommend replacing about 70% to 80% of your pre-retirement income. Common income sources for seniors include:
- Social Security benefits. Monthly benefits replace about 40% of pre-retirement income for the average senior.
- Retirement account withdrawals. Money you take out from your retirement accounts, like your 401(k) and IRA.
- Defined-benefit pensions. These are increasingly rare in the private sector, but still somewhat common for those retiring from a career in public service.
- Annuities. Though controversial in the personal finance world, an annuity could make sense if you're worried about outliving your savings.
- Other investment income. Some seniors supplement their retirement and Social Security income with earnings from real estate investments or dividend stocks, for example.
- Part-time work. A part-time job can help you delay dipping into your retirement savings account, giving your money more time to grow.
- Reverse mortgages. If you've paid off your home or have significant equity, a reverse mortgage can provide extra income.
Account for Decreased Expenses
You can plan on some expenses going away. You won't be paying payroll taxes or making retirement contributions, for example, and maybe your mortgage will be paid off.
But you generally don't want to plan for any budget cuts that are too drastic.
Even though some of your expenses will decrease, health care costs eat up a large chunk of senior income, even once you're eligible for Medicare coverage — and they usually increase much faster than inflation.
Develop Your Social Security Strategy
You can take your Social Security benefits as early as 62 or as late as age 70. But the earlier you take benefits, the lower your monthly benefits will be.
If your retirement funds are lacking, delaying as long as you can is usually the best solution. Taking your benefit at 70 versus 62 will result in monthly checks that are about 76% higher.
However, if you have significant health problems, taking benefits earlier may pay off.
Figure Out How Much You Can Afford to Withdraw
Once you've made your retirement budget and estimated how much Social Security you'll receive, you can estimate how much you'll be able to safely withdraw from your retirement accounts.
A common retirement planning guideline is the 4% rule: You withdraw no more than 4% of your retirement savings in the first year, then adjust the amount for inflation.
If you have a Roth IRA, you can let that money grow as long as you want and then enjoy it tax-free. But you'll have to take required minimum distributions, or RMDs, beginning at age 73 (previously age 72) if you have a 401(k) or a traditional IRA.
These are mandatory distributions based on your life expectancy.
The penalties for not taking them are stiff: You'll owe the IRS 50% of the amount you were supposed to withdraw for tax years 2022 and prior, though the penalty drops to 25% for 2023 and subsequent years.
Keep Investing While You're Working
Avoid taking money out of your retirement accounts while you're still working. Once you're over age 59 ½, you won't pay an early withdrawal penalty, but you want to avoid touching your retirement funds for as long as possible.
Instead, continue to invest in your retirement plans as long as you're still earning money. But do so cautiously.
Keep money out of the stock market if you'll need it in the next five years or so, since your money doesn't have much time to recover from a stock market crash in your 60s.
A Final Thought: Make Your Retirement About You
Whether you're still working or you're already enjoying your golden years, this part is essential: You need to prioritize you.
That means your retirement savings goals need to come before bailing out family members or paying for college for your children and grandchildren. After all, no one else is going to come to the rescue if you get to retirement with no savings.
If you're like most people, you'll work for decades to get to retirement. The earlier you start planning for it, the more stress-free it will be.

subset: commoncrawl


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7 Although our iniquities testify against us,
act, O Lord, for your names sake;
our apostasies indeed are many,
and we have sinned against you.
8 O hope of Israel,
its saviour in time of trouble,
why should you be like a stranger in the land,
like a traveller turning aside for the night?
9 Why should you be like someone confused,
like a mighty warrior who cannot give help?
Yet you, O Lord, are in the midst of us,
and we are called by your name;
do not forsake us!
10 Thus says the Lord concerning this people:
Truly they have loved to wander,
they have not restrained their feet;
therefore the Lord does not accept them,
now he will remember their iniquity
and punish their sins.
19 Have you completely rejected Judah?
Does your heart loathe Zion?
Why have you struck us down
so that there is no healing for us?
We look for peace, but find no good;
for a time of healing, but there is terror instead.
20 We acknowledge our wickedness, O Lord,
the iniquity of our ancestors,
for we have sinned against you.
21 Do not spurn us, for your names sake;
do not dishonour your glorious throne;
remember and do not break your covenant with us.
22 Can any idols of the nations bring rain?
Or can the heavens give showers?
Is it not you, O Lord our God?
We set our hope on you,
for it is you who do all this.
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New Revised Standard Version Bible: Anglicized Edition, copyright © 1989, 1995 National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide. http://nrsvbibles.org
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v 2.9.2
30 June 2021


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John 2:1–25
2 On hthe third day there was a wedding at iCana in Galilee, and the mother of Jesus was there. 2 Jesus also was invited to the wedding with jhis disciples. 3 When the wine ran out, the mother of Jesus said to him, "They have no wine." 4 And Jesus said to her, k"Woman, lwhat does this have to do with me? mMy hour has not yet come." 5 His mother said to the servants, "Do whatever he tells you."
6 Now there were six stone water jars there nfor the Jewish rites of purification, each holding twenty or thirty ogallons.1 7 Jesus said to the servants, "Fill the jars with water." And they filled them up to the brim. 8 And he said to them, "Now draw some out and take it to the master of the feast." So they took it. 9 When the master of the feast tasted pthe water now become wine, and did not know where it came from (though the servants who had drawn the water knew), the master of the feast called the bridegroom 10 and said to him, "Everyone serves the good wine first, and when people have drunk freely, then the poor wine. But you have kept the good wine until now." 11 This, the first of his signs, Jesus did at Cana in Galilee, and manifested qhis glory. And rhis disciples believed in him.
12 After this he went down to Capernaum, with his mother and shis brothers2 and his disciples, and they stayed there for a few days.
13 tThe Passover of the Jews was at hand, and Jesus uwent up to Jerusalem. 14 vIn the temple he found those who were selling oxen and sheep and pigeons, and the money-changers sitting there. 15 And making a whip of cords, he drove them all out of the temple, with the sheep and oxen. And he poured out the coins of the money-changers and overturned their tables. 16 And he told those who sold the pigeons, "Take these things away; do not make wmy Father's house a house of trade." 17 His disciples remembered that it was written, x"Zeal for your house will consume me."
18 So the Jews said to him, y"What sign do you show us for doing these things?" 19 Jesus answered them, z"Destroy this temple, and in three days aI will raise it up." 20 The Jews then said, "It has taken forty-six years to build this temple,3 and will you raise it up in three days?" 21 But he was speaking about bthe temple of his body. 22 When therefore he was raised from the dead, chis disciples remembered that he had said this, and they believed dthe Scripture and the word that Jesus had spoken.
23 Now when he was in Jerusalem at the Passover Feast, many believed in his name ewhen they saw the signs that he was doing. 24 But Jesus fon his part did not entrust himself to them, because ghe knew all people 25 and needed no one to bear witness about man, for ghe himself knew what was in man.


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An important part of water treatment is the measuring and monitoring of water quality and content. WES has supplied countless backboard mounted instrumentation systems to monitor all of the vital parameters, data can then be fed back to the dosing system or the central control system.
Get in touch today to explore how WES can help your next chemical dosing project.
W.E.S. Ltd is part of RSE
Les Bunce is Hire Business Manager. He leads the WES Hire Business responsible for managing the supply of our Temporary Chemical Dosing hire fleet on both a planned and emergency basis. Les has over 25 years' experience in the hire industry and fully understands our customers' hire requirements.
Patrick Fisher is Projects Director. He leads the business stream responsible for project management, design, engineering, manufacture and delivery of "Capital project" chemical dosing systems. A degree qualified engineer with over 10 years' experience working in fluid delivery solutions to the water, general industrial, petrochemical, and food & beverage industries.
Bob Cook is Senior Proposals Manager. After completing a traditional engineering apprenticeship at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Bob was one of the original partners who started the business in 1986. Bob now applies his considerable experience to developing proposals & solutions to meet customer requirements, as well as providing technical support & passing on knowledge & expertise to colleagues across the wider WES business.
Ian Price is WES Dosing Products Business Manager, leading the business stream responsible for delivering a wide range of standardised chemical dosing packages, ad-hoc dosing needs and 'off the shelf' dosing products & solutions. A mechanical engineer with over 20 years' experience in fluid handling solutions into the water, petrochemical, pharmaceutical and food & beverage markets.
Jamie Cole is Operations Director. Jamie joined the business in 2018 bringing career long experience in a variety of operational roles – including service delivery to the property and utilities sectors. Jamie is responsible for the management of all operational activities of the business including the repair, maintenance & refurbishment business stream, and our site installation and workshop manufacturing teams. Jamie also forms part of the senior management team of WES.
Graham Ward is Sales and Marketing Director. His extensive experience includes a number of senior roles working for various SMEs and large organisations in the water, power generation, petrochemical, marine and food & beverage industries. As a qualified marine engineer, Graham has established his career in Sales and Business Development and is responsible for the business development, marketing and sales of systems, products and services across WES.
Carl joined WES as Non-Exec chairman following an appointment via the Business Growth Service to assist the business with growth strategy. A highly experienced Business Mentor, Coach, Managing Director & Non-Exec Chairman, having led product, manufacturing, contracting and service provider businesses for nearly 30 years. A strong track record of market, sales and profit growth within a diverse range of sectors.
Core competencies include business growth strategies, board & business leadership, strategic planning, sales & marketing management, P&L & balance sheet management, acquisitions, divestments, outsourcing, TUPE transfer, mentoring & coaching.
Kevin Wheeler is Managing Director. Kevin trained as an Engineer at the Royal Aircraft Establishment and joined the business in 1989. Kevin now leads the Board of Directors setting strategy and defining priorities to meet the business objectives & growth aspirations whilst adding experience to technical issues where required.


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On September 11, 2012, the Ecuadoran government interrupted a morning newscast on the Teleamazonas TV station for an official bulletin. What could be so urgent? A coup d'etat? An earthquake? A cholera outbreak? It turned out the government sought to clarify what President Rafael Correa had for breakfast.


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Statistics on Science, Technology and Innovation includes Statistics on Research and Development, Innovation statistics and Statistics on high-technology industries and knowledge-intensive services (abbreviated to High-tech statistics).
Research and Development statistics (R&D) monitor the number and structure of R&D personnel by education, occupation and sex in head counts according to the state at the end of the year, and in full- time equivalent (FTE). Expenditure on R&D is surveyed in the structure of capital and current expenditure by source of funds, socio-economic objectives, sectors of R&D performance, fields of science and by R&D activities (basic research, applied research and development).
Innovation statistics pursues innovation activities of enterprises, which include product innovations, process innovations, organizational innovations and marketing innovations.
High-tech statistics presents data on selected indicators for high-technology and knowledge-intensive industries and data on foreign trade with high-technology products.
Science, technology and innovation play a key role during development of economy and society in order to maintain and increase the country's competitiveness and, therefore, monitoring of their status and development belong to main tasks of the EU. Statistical data comparable to EU statistics for this area are provided under the EC Regulation No 995/2012 laying down detailed rules for the implementation of the European Parliament and of the Council No 10608/2003 concerning the production and development of Community statistics and science and technology. Survey methodology is based on the manuals of international organizations (Frascati manual for R&D statistics, Oslo manual for Innovation statistics.)
One of the five main objectives of the Europe 2020 Strategy is to improve the conditions for research and development in particular in order to increase the overall level of public and private investment in this area to 3 % of EU GDP (1,2 % of SR GDP).
Development of the share of R&D expenditure in GDP* in %


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For those of us who love our car and have invested time and money in it, is understandable how important is to rely on professional mobile auto detailing in order to keep it in great shape. Therefore, we don't trust our car to an economic, automated, or regular car wash service. When it comes to mobile auto detailing services, we need the high-touch, personalized service that only mobile auto detailing can provide.
After detailing over 1000 cars per year at Green Hills in the past five years, at Renew Mobile Detailing, we have learned what Green Hills customers look for when searching for the best mobile auto detailing services. We are experts primarily in client satisfaction. Therefore, we spend time listening to our clients, so we can provide the best mobile auto detailing solution to their needs.
The holidays are right around the corner, and many are already looking for that special and unique gift. Finding the perfect gift is quite a task, especially if we care for that person. Therefore, we spend time and money looking for something original and creative. Well, guess what! At Renew Mobile Detailing, we have the perfect and most original presentany car lover could receive, a complete and personal mobile auto detailing, applied by the best mobile auto detailing professionals in Green Hills — any car lover's dream!
Every proud car owner loves spending time behind the wheel, cruising and traveling through the country. Therefore, they invest time and money taking care of it. Imaging, spending a great time with their parents, boyfriend, girlfriend, co-worker, classmate, or family member driving through the country, and at the end of the day, they are received by a staff of professional mobile auto detailing that is ready to enhance the car with the best mobile auto detailing services available in Green Hills. There is no way of going wrong with this gift. No wonder it has become so popular among Green Hills business owners as a great reward to their best employees!
Don't trust your car to just anyone. It doesn't matter if you have recently purchased a brand new car, if you are the proud owner of a sophisticated supercar, if you plan to keep your used vehicle forever, or if you have decided it is time to sell it and want it to look its best; at Renew Mobile Detailing, we will take care of your mobile auto detailing needs and make your vehicle look better than ever. We are the experts in Green Hills, boosting every car's curb appeal and retrieving that new car feel.


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As an open platform, Android offers choice. You can distribute your Android apps to users in any way you want, using any distribution approach or combination of approaches that meets your needs. From publishing in an app marketplace to serving your apps from a website or emailing them directly to users, you're never locked into any particular distribution platform.
The process for building and packaging your apps for distribution is the same, regardless of how you distribute them. This saves you time and lets you automate parts of the process as needed. You can read Preparing for Release for more information.
The sections below highlight some of the alternatives for distributing your apps.
Distributing through an app marketplace
Usually, to reach the broadest possible audience, you'd distribute your apps through a marketplace, such as Google Play.
Google Play is the premier marketplace for Android apps and is particularly useful if you want to distribute your apps to a large global audience. However, you can distribute your apps through any app marketplace you want or use multiple marketplaces.
Unlike other forms of distribution, Google Play allows you to use the In-app Billing service and Licensing service. The In-app Billing service makes it easy to sell in-app products like game jewels or app feature upgrades. The Licensing service helps prevent unauthorized installation and use of your apps.
Distributing your apps by email
A quick and easy way to release your apps is to send them to users by email. To do this, you prepare the app for release, attach it to an email, and send it to a user. When the user opens your email on their Android-powered device, the Android system recognizes the APK and displays an Install Now button in the email message. Users can install your app by touching the button. Users need to opt in for installing unknown apps if they haven't already to proceed with the installation.
Distributing apps through email is convenient if you're sending them to a few trusted users, as it provides few protections from piracy and unauthorized distribution; that is, anyone you send your apps to can simply forward them to others.
Distributing through a website
If you don't want to release your apps on a marketplace such as Google Play, you can make them available for download on your website or server, including on a private or enterprise server. To do this, first prepare your apps for release in the normal way, then host the release-ready APK files on your website and provide users with a download link. To install an app distributed in this way, users must opt-in for installing unknown apps.
User opt-in for installing unknown apps
Android protects users from inadvertent download and install of unknown apps, or apps from sources other than Google Play, which is trusted. Android blocks such installs until the user opts into allowing the installation of apps from other sources. The opt-in process depends on the version of Android running on the user's device:
- On devices running Android 8.0 (API level 26) and higher, users must navigate to the Install unknown apps system settings screen to enable app installations from a particular location, as shown in Figure 1.
- On devices running Android 7.1.1 (API level 25) and lower, users should enable the Unknown sources system setting, found in Settings > Security on their devices.
In both cases, users need to complete the opt-in process before they can download and install unknown apps onto their devices.


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MONTGOMERY, Ill. – For anyone in need of a little motivation to get them off the couch, look no further than Allan and Ruth Willman of Montgomery, Illinois.
Happily married for 58 years, the Willmans' routine is pretty simple: daily news and soap operas, grapes for lunch and a nap by 3 p.m.
Then one day they got to thinking. Flipping through their children's pictures, it occurred to them that all of their four children and 11 grandchildren were good athletes.
So when Ruth came across a signup sheet for a local 5K race, she saw an opportunity.
"Let's enter it," she remembered telling Allan. "It's grandma and grandpa's time to shine, right?"
That afternoon the 79-year-olds laced up their shoes and made a plan to prove that grandma and grandpa have still got it.
For weeks, Ruth and Alan secretly worked out. They stretched, lifted weights and put in the miles right up to race day when they called their kids and told them to bring their cameras to the finish line.
"They couldn't believe we done it at our age and I said, 'Come on now, we're not that old,'" Allan laughed.
In fact, Ruth and Allan came in first and second place in their age group.
Tickled with themselves, the Williams paraded those medals all over town.
"We bragged to everybody."
But in the journey to prove to their family that it's never too late for firsts or surprises, Ruth and Alan surprised themselves.
It was a simple plan that became something bigger.
Allan has been battling Parkinsons for over a year and just a few weeks ago, he had a minor heart procedure. Despite all that, both Allan and Ruth say they are planning on signing up for a couple more races this next year.


text:
Send warm wishes their way with our beautiful arrangement of roses, lilies, poms and curly willow in a brown cache pot. Measures 11"H by 10"L.
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Box of Assorted Chocolates.
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18" Happy Birthday Mylar Balloon. Styles may vary.
18" Happy Anniversary Mylar Balloon. Styles may vary.
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text:
Press Release
Extrasolar Giant Planet in Earth-like Orbit
Discovery from a Long-term Project at La Silla
29 July 1999
A new extrasolar planet has been found at the ESO La Silla Observatory as a companion to iota Horologii (iota Hor). This 5.4-mag solar-type star is located at a distance of 56 light-years and is just visible to the unaided eye in the southern constellation Horologium (The Pendulum Clock).
The discovery is the result of a long-term survey of forty solar-type stars that was begun in November 1992. It is based on highly accurate measurements of stellar radial velocities, i.e. the speed with which a star moves along the line of sight. The presence of a planet in orbit around a star is inferred from observed, regular changes of this velocity, as the host star and its planet revolve around a common center of gravity. Since in all cases the star is much heavier than the planet, the resulting velocity variations of the star are always quite small.
The team that found the new planet, now designated iota Hor b , consists of Martin Kürster , Michael Endl and Sebastian Els (ESO-Chile), Artie P. Hatzes and William D. Cochran (University of Texas, Austin, USA), and Stefan Döbereiner and Konrad Dennerl (Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, Germany).
Iodine cell provides very accurate velocity measurements
iota Hor b represents the first discovery of an extrasolar planet with an ESO instrument [1]. The finding is based on data obtained with ESO's highest-resolution spectrograph, the Coudé Echelle Spectrometer (CES) at the 1.4-m Coudé Auxiliary Telescope (CAT). While this telescope has recently been decommissioned, the CES instrument is now coupled via an optical fiber link to the larger ESO 3.6-m telescope, thus permitting the continuation of this survey.
The high precision radial velocity measurements that are necessary for a study of this type were achieved by means of a special calibration technique. It incorporates an iodine gas absorption cell and sophisticated data modelling.
The cell is used like an optical filter that adds its own absorption features to the absorption line spectrum of the star. When the radial velocity of a star changes, the wavelength of its spectral lines will shift according to the Doppler effect. They are then seen to move, relative to those of the iodine spectrum.
Because of the relative nature of this measurement, the shift and hence the star's velocity change can be measured with a precision that is much higher than what the mechanical/optical stability of the spectrograph would otherwise allow. This particular technique is currently being applied by several research groups in the world and has led to most of the recent extra-solar planet discoveries.
The new planet and its orbit
For the star iota Hor , a measurement precision of about ± 17 m/sec (± 61 km/hour) was achieved. This is a very high accuracy in astronomical terms and it enabled the astronomers to detect radial velocity variations with an amplitude of ± 67 m/sec (or 134 m/sec peak-to-peak), cf. eso9938a, eso9938b.
Five and a half years of monitoring and 95 individual spectra with exposure times between 15 and 30 minutes eventually revealed the presence of a planetary companion .
iota Hor b has an orbital period of 320 days. From this period, the known mass of the central star (1.03 solar masses) and the amplitude of the velocity changes, a mass of at least 2.26 times that of planet Jupiter is deduced for the planet.
It revolves around the host star in a somewhat elongated orbit (the eccentricity is 0.16). If it were located in our own solar system, this orbit would stretch from just outside the orbit of Venus (at 117 million km or 0.78 Astronomical Units from the Sun) to just outside the orbit of the Earth (the point farthest from the Sun, at 162 million km or 1.08 Astronomical Units)
The new giant planet is thus moving in an orbit not unlike that of the Earth. In fact, of all the planets discovered so far, the orbit of iota Hor b is the most Earth-like. Also, with a spectral type of G0 V , its host star is quite similar to the Sun (G2 V).
iota Hor b is, however, at least 720 times more massive than the Earth and it is probably more similar to planet Jupiter in our own solar system. While the radial velocity technique described above only determines a minimum value for the planet's mass, an analysis of the velocity with which the star turns around its own axis suggests that the true mass of iota Hor b is unlikely to be much higher.
A difficult case
Natural phenomena with periods near one solar year always present a particular challenge to astronomers. This is one of the reasons why it has been necessary to observe the iota Hor system for such a long time to be absolutely sure about the present result.
First, special care must be taken to verify that the radial velocity variations found in the data are not an artefact of the Earth's movement around the Sun. In any case, the effect of this movement on the measurements must be accurately accounted for; it reaches about ± 30 km/sec over one year, i.e. much larger than the effect of the new planet. In the present case of iota Hor , this was thoroughly tested and any residual influence of the Earth's motion can be excluded.
A second complication arises from the fact that for Earth-bound telescopes, the visibility of a particular star changes in the course of the year. This creates `windows of opportunity', i.e. certain times when a given star can best be observed. That leads to a tendency to observe and re-observe the star when the planet is in the same part of its orbit. The full variation in radial velocity will therefore only be revealed after a sufficiently long time span has elapsed, covering several revolutions of the planet around the central star.
More planets in the iota Hor system?
The comparatively high scatter of the data points from the best fitting radial velocity curve presents an additional puzzle. While the accuracy of these measurements was determined as ± 17 m/sec (for other, similar stars, with and without known planets, an even higher precision of ± 14 m/sec was found with the same instrument), the scatter of the measurements around the mean velocity curve is higher, about ± 27 m/sec. This indicates that the discovered planet cannot be the whole story.
There are two possible explanations for this additional variability.
Either there is a second planet with another period in the same system, or activity on the surface of the star causes slight changes in its spectrum, influencing the velocity measurements.
There are in fact indications that iota Hor is more active than the Sun, hence making the second explanation quite plausible. If so, it appears that the new planet is orbiting around a relatively young star, since such stars are typically more active than older ones like the Sun.
Follow-up observations
One of the next steps during the investigation of iota Hor will therefore be to get clues to its age. In any case, it is important to learn more about the properties of planetary orbits around young stars, in order to improve the theory of star and planet formation.
After an upgrade to a spectral resolution more than twice as high as before, and with the larger light collecting power of the ESO 3.6-m telescope at its disposal, the CES spectrograph is now ready to perform direct measurements of the spectral instabilities that might cause the additional radial velocity variations in iota Hor . This project is high on the list of the discoverers.
However, they will also follow-up the other explanation - a second planet. Longer series of measurements may reveal additional companions in orbits with longer or shorter periods of revolution.
Observations of iota Hor will therefore be continued for several more years. Due to its rather complex radial velocity variations, iota Hor may thus soon become one of the better studied stars in the southern sky.
[1] Extrasolar Planets are also being found with the 1.2-m Swiss telescope at La Silla. An early success was described in eso9818.
About the Release
Release No.: | eso9938 |
Legacy ID: | PR 12/99 |
Name: | Iota Horologii |
Type: | Milky Way : Star Milky Way : Star : Circumstellar Material : Planetary System |
Facility: | Coudé Auxiliary Telescope |
Instruments: | Coudé Echelle Spectrometer (CES) |


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General Practitioner in QLD
Dr Predrag Urosevic is an Australian-based health professional. Predrag is trained as a GP (General Practitioner) and has a practice located in Mount Gravatt.
* This physician is currently not participating in the Hope For Hearts program. This profile was created using publicly available information.
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The Faculty of Physician Associates (FPA) provides professional support to physician associates across the UK. Members of the FPA are part of a professional membership body campaigning for progress and change in the profession, offering advice to the government, and taking part in national debates on medical, clinical and public health issues.
The FPA reviews and sets standards for:
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The FPA provides support to both qualified and student physician associates in their education, training and professional development, giving members access to a benefits package that includes the FPA ePortfolio, access to the RCP CPD diary, publications, library resources, and discounts on professional development courses and events.
The FPA oversees and administers the running of the Physician Associate Managed Voluntary Register (PAMVR) and is campaigning to achieve statutory registration of the profession. Find out more about who physician associates are.
For information on how to become a member of the FPA, visit our join pages.


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Wednesday, April 1, 2009
"Twelve" by Jasper Kent
9 comments:
- Mulluane said...
Sounds like an alternate history paranormal military fantasy to me.
Boy that is a mouthful....
Great review Dark! - April 1, 2009 at 6:44 PM
- Adele said...
be interesting to see how he develops then, maybe he can fix some of these floors in the next book.
- April 1, 2009 at 8:15 PM
- Mihai A. said...
Mulluane, thank you very much :)
I highly recommend this title.
Adele, it was easy for me to ignore its flaws because the novel is a very good one :) - April 2, 2009 at 1:03 PM
- Liviu said...
I loved Twelve too and I am eager for the sequels; as for categorization it's historical fiction with a tinge of the fantastic; no alteration to historical events, so it's not alternate history or fantasy.
There are lots of books like that from Dumas Joseph Balsamo series with its prophecies, to Christian novels like Ben Hur or Mika Waltari's Secret of the Kingdom and The Roman, to modern ones like William Dietrich Ethan Gage series starting in Napoleon's Pyramids with its mysterious "book" or to Raven: Blood Eye with its prophecies again, just to mention some old and new big time favorites of mine - April 3, 2009 at 6:53 AM
- Mihai A. said...
Liviu, "Twelve" is a very good novel indeed. I love Dumas and Mika Waltari novels too.
And I am curious too about "Raven: Blood Eye" and I hope to get a copy of the novel soon :) - April 3, 2009 at 12:11 PM
- Liviu said...
The structure, tropes - everything about Twelve is typical of historical fiction - eg the heroes *do not save* the world from the big evil awaiting to take over a la fantasy, the political manipulations are at a personal level not a state/leaders level as in alt-history
I hope you get Raven since it's a viking/saxon blood and guts page turner and the odds are that if you enjoyed Twelve a lot, you will enjoy that a lot.
There are two more historical adventures that I've read recently and were excellent, Gladiatrix (R. Whitfield) and Vlad: The Last Confession (CC Humphreys) - finally a western novel to do justice to Vlad Tepes and a super one at that and even the Romanian names are gotten almost right :) - April 3, 2009 at 6:05 PM
- ediFanoB said...
Well done! Great review!
I'm also no that big vampire fan. But what I know so far (from reviews I read including yours) it is the combination of history and paranormal which makes it worth reading.
Will get my copy in July 2009. Look forward to read it. - April 3, 2009 at 11:04 PM
- Barbara Martin said...
Very nice review, Mihai, and this sounds like I would enjoy reading it.
- April 4, 2009 at 6:34 AM
- Mihai A. said...
Liviu, I'll read "Raven" as soon as I get a copy. I have also "Gladiatrix" and I'll read that one as well and also I'll add "Vlad" to my buying list.
Vlad Tepes is my favorite Romanian historical figure and it's great to hear that a western novel does him justice. I definitely have to read it :)
Michael and Barbara, you can go wrong with "Twelve". It is a very good novel :) - April 4, 2009 at 11:39 AM


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Running Confluence Over SSL or HTTPS
Atlassian applications can be accessed via HTTPS, however Atlassian Support does not provide assistance for configuring it. Consequently, Atlassian cannot guarantee providing any support for it.
- If assistance with conversions of certificates is required, please consult with the vendor who provided the certificate.
- If assistance with configuration is required, please raise a question on Atlassian Community.
This page provides a basic outline of how to configure Confluence to enable access via HTTPS (HTTP Secure), so that your Confluence logins and data are encrypted during transport to and from Confluence. This is a good way to safeguard your Confluence data and user logins from being intercepted and read by outsiders.
In this article we use 'SSL' as a general term to refer to the protocol used to encrypt traffic. In most cases the protocol will be TLS.
On this page:
These instructions cover terminating SSL at Tomcat, the application server shipped with Confluence.
If you want to terminate SSL at your web server or proxy, see Apache with mod_proxy or Running Confluence behind NGINX with SSL for examples of how to terminate SSL at an external web server.
You'll need the JDK for some of the steps in this guide. The JRE is not enough.
Running Confluence without HTTPS enabled may leave your site exposed to vulnerabilities, such as man-in-the-middle or DNS rebinding attacks. We recommend you enable HTTPS on your site.
Step 1. Create or request an SSL certificate
You'll need a valid certificate before you can enable HTTPS. If you already have a certificate, skip to step 2.
You can create your own self-signed certificate, or acquire one from a trusted Certificate Authority.
If your team plans to use the Confluence Server mobile app, you'll need a certificate issued by a trusted Certificate Authority. You can't use the app with a self-signed certificate, or one from an untrusted or private CA.
Option 1: Create a self-signed certificate
Self-signed certificates are useful if you require encryption but don't need to verify the identity of the requesting website. In general, you might use a self-signed certificate on a test environment and on internal corporate networks (intranets).
Because the certificate is not signed by a certificate authority (CA), users may receive a message that the site is not trusted and may have to perform several steps to accept the certificate before they can access the site. This usually will only occur the first time they access the site. Users won't be able to log in to your site at all via the Confluence Server mobile app if you use a self-signed certificate.
In this example, we'll use Java's keytool
utility, which is included with the JDK. If you're not comfortable using command line utilities KeyStore Explorer is a useful alternative to the command line.
To generate a self-signed certificate using keytool
From the command line, run the appropriate command for your operating system:
Windows"%JAVA_HOME%\bin\keytool" -genkeypair -keysize 2048 -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA -sigalg SHA256withRSA
Linux (and MacOS)$JAVA_HOME/bin/keytool -genkeypair -keysize 2048 -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA -sigalg SHA256withRSA
When prompted, create a password for the certificate (private key).
- Only use alphanumeric characters. Tomcat has a known issue with special characters.
- Make a note of the password, you'll need it in the next step.
The default password is '
- Follow the prompts to specify the certificate details. This info is used to construct the X.500 Distinguished Name (DN) of the entity.
- First and last name: this is not your name, it is the Common Name (CN), for example 'confluence.example.com'. The CN must match the fully qualified hostname of the server running Confluence, or Tomcat won't be able to use the certificate for SSL.
- Organizational unit: this is the team or department requesting the certificate, for example 'marketing'.
- Organization: this is your company name, for example 'SeeSpaceEZ'.
City, State / province, country code: this is where you're located, for example Sydney, NSW, AU.
The output will look something like the example below. Hit '
' to confirm the details.CN=confluence.example.com, OU=Marketing, O=SeeSpaceEZ, L=Sydney, ST=NSW, C=AU
- When asked for the password for 'tomcat', enter the password you created in step 2 (or hit return to use the same .
- 'tomcat' is the alias we entered in the keytool command above, it refers to your.
- Your keystore entry must have the same password as your private key. This is a Tomcat requirement.
- You certificate is now ready. Go to step 2 below.
Option 2: Use a certificate issued by a Certificate Authority (recommended)
Production environments will need a certificate issued by a Certificate Authority (CA). These instructions are adapted from the Tomcat documentation.
First you will generate a local certificate and create a 'certificate signing request' (CSR) based on that certificate. You will submit the CSR to your chosen certificate authority. The CA will use that CSR to generate a certificate for you.
- Use Java's
utility to generate a local certificate (follow the steps in option 1, above). From the command line, run the following command to generate a certificate signing request.
keytool -certreq -keyalg RSA -alias tomcat -file certreq.csr -keystore <MY_KEYSTORE_FILENAME>
with the path to and file name of the.keystore
file generated for your local certificate.- Submit the generated file called
to your chosen certificate authority.
Check your CA's documentation to find out how to do this. - The CA will send you a certificate.
Import the new certificate into your local keystore:
keytool -importcert -alias tomcat -keystore <MY_KEYSTORE_FILENAME> -file <MY_CERTIFICATE_FILENAME>
Some CAs require you to install an intermediate certificate before importing your certificate. You should follow your CA documentation to successfully install your certificate.
If you receive an error, and you use Verisign or GoDaddy, you may need to export the certificate to PKCS12 format along with the private key.
First, remove the certificate added above from the keystore:
keytool -delete -alias tomcat -keystore <MY_KEYSTORE_FILENAME>
Then export to PKCS12 format:
openssl pkcs12 -export -in <MY_CERTIFICATE_NAME> -inkey <MY_PRIVATEKEY_NAME> -out <MY_PKC12_KEYSTORE_NAME> -name tomcat -CAfile <MY_ROOTCERTIFICATE_NAME-alsoCalledBundleCertificateInGoDaddy> -caname root
Then import from PKCS12 to jks:
keytool -importkeystore -deststorepass <MY_DESTINATIONSTORE_PASSWORD> -destkeypass <MY_DESTINATIONKEY_PASSWORD> -destkeystore <MY_KEYSTORE_FILENAME> -srckeystore <MY_PKC12_KEYSTORE_NAME> -srcstoretype PKCS12 -srcstorepass <MY_PKC12_KEYSTORE_PASSWORD> -alias tomcat
Step 2. Modify your Confluence server.xml file
The next step is to configure Confluence to use HTTPS.
- Edit <
. Uncomment the following lines:
<Connector port="8443" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Nio2Protocol" enableLookups="false" disableUploadTimeout="true" acceptCount="100" scheme="https" secure="true" clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLSv1.2" sslEnabledProtocols="TLSv1.2" SSLEnabled="true" URIEncoding="UTF-8" keystorePass="<MY_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD>"/>
- Replace <
with the password you specified for your certificate. - Make sure that the attribute-value pair
is part of theConnector
element, as shown above. If this attribute is not present, attempts to access Confluence will time out. - Change the value of
to be at least 10 threads (or 25%) less than the size of your database connection pool. 48 is usually about right. See HTTP MaxThreads configuration for more information about this. - Save the server configuration file.
Don't remove or comment out the http
connector, as the Synchrony proxy health check, still requires HTTP. If you don't want to include the http
connector, you can use the synchrony.proxy.healthcheck.disabled
system property to disable the health check.
You should also not disable the internal Synchrony proxy (by setting the synchrony.proxy.enabled
system property to false
) as this is known to cause problems when you're terminating SSL at Tomcat.
The default connector port for Confluence is 8090.
The Confluence mobile app requires minimum TLS 1.2.
Step 3. Specify the location of your certificate
By default, Tomcat expects the keystore file to be named .keystore
and to be located in the user home directory under which Tomcat is running (which may or may not be the same as your own home directory). This means that, by default, Tomcat will look for your SSL certificates in the following location:
- On Windows:
- On OS X and UNIX-based systems:
Don't store your keystore file in your Confluence installation directory as the contents of that directory are removed when you upgrade Confluence.
You may decide to move the certificate to a custom location. If your certificate is not in the default location, you'll need to update your server configuration file as outlined below, so that Tomcat can find the certificate.
- Edit
Add the attribute
to theConnector
element, so that the element looks like this:<Connector port="8443" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Nio2Protocol" enableLookups="false" disableUploadTimeout="true" acceptCount="100" scheme="https" secure="true" clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLSv1.2" sslEnabledProtocols="TLSv1.2" SSLEnabled="true" URIEncoding="UTF-8" keystorePass="<MY_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD>" keystoreFile="<MY_CERTIFICATE_LOCATION>"/>
- Replace the text
with the path to your certificate, including the path and the name of the.keystore
file. - Save the configuration file.
Step 4. Change your confluence base URL to HTTPS
- In your browser, go to Administration > General Configuration.
- Click Edit.
- Change the Server Base URL to HTTPS. See the documentation on configuring the server base URL.
- Restart Confluence and access Confluence on
Step 5. Add a security constraint to redirect all URLs to HTTPS
Although HTTPS is now activated and available, the old HTTP URLs (http://localhost:8090) are still available. Now you need to redirect the URLs to their HTTPS equivalent. You will do this by adding a security constraint in web.xml
. This will cause Tomcat to redirect requests that come in on a non-SSL port.
- Check whether your Confluence site uses the RSS macro. If your site has the RSS macro enabled, you may need to configure the URL redirection with a firewall rule, rather than by editing the
file. Skip the steps below and follow the steps on the RSS Feed Macro page instead. - Otherwise, Edit the file at
. Add the following declaration to the end of the file, before the
tag:<security-constraint> <web-resource-collection> <web-resource-name>Restricted URLs</web-resource-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </web-resource-collection> <user-data-constraint> <transport-guarantee>CONFIDENTIAL</transport-guarantee> </user-data-constraint> </security-constraint>
- Restart Confluence and access http://localhost:8090. You should be redirected to https://localhost:8443/login.action.
Confluence has two web.xml files. The other one is at <CONFLUENCE_INSTALLATION>/conf/web.xml
. Please only add the security constraints to <CONFLUENCE_INSTALLATION>/confluence/WEB-INF/web.xml
, as described above.
- Background information on generating a certificate: The '
keytool -genkeypair
' command generates a key pair consisting of a public key and the associated private key, and stores them in a keystore. The command packages the public key into an X.509 v3 self-signed certificate, which is stored as a single-element certificate chain. This certificate chain and the private key are stored in a new keystore entry, identified by thealias
that you specify in the command. The Java 11 documentation has a good overview of the utility.
- Custom SSL port: If you have changed the port that the SSL connector is running on from the default value of 8443, you must update the
attribute of the standard HTTP connector to reflect the new SSL port. Tomcat needs this information to know which port to redirect to when an incoming request needs to be secure. Multiple instances on the same host: When running more than one instance on the same host, it is important to specify the address attribute in the
file because by default the connector will listen on all available network interfaces, so specifying the address will prevent conflicts with connectors running on the same default port. See the Tomcat Connector documentation for more about setting the address attribute:<Connector port="8443" address="your.confluence.url.com" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Nio2Protocol" enableLookups="false" disableUploadTimeout="true" acceptCount="100" scheme="https" secure="true" clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLSv1.2" sslEnabledProtocols="TLSv1.2" SSLEnabled="true" URIEncoding="UTF-8" keystorePass="<MY_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD>" keystoreFile="<MY_CERTIFICATE_LOCATION>"/>
- HTTPS must be configured for your whole site. It can't be enabled for individual pages or spaces.
- Before you upgrade Confluence, make a note of the changes you have made to your
files. It is always best to re-apply these changes manually after upgrading, rather than copying over your existing files. - TLS 1.2 or 1.3 recommended. The Confluence Server mobile app requires TLS 1.2. If you use Jira and Confluence together, we recommend configuring both applications to use the same TLS version.
- Check the Confluence knowledge base articles on troubleshooting SSL
- SSL Configuration HOW-TO in the Apache Tomcat 9.0 documentation
- keytool - Key and Certificate Management Tool in the Java 11 documentation


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Genuine crocodile leather hornback belt 098
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Genuine Crocodile leather Hornback belt
Black color
Height 38mm
Length 120sm
Mens crocodile leather hornback belts with unique buckle. Premium quality Crocodile belt. For manufacturing of this belt used genuine crocodile leather of siamese crocodile. Used part – hornback of hide of siamese. Base of belt is natural cow skin, belt stitched and glued along the entire length. Thereby the belt becomes more robust, flexible and durable. On the front surface of the belt we can clearly see the unique texture of the hornback of hide of Siamese crocodile. The unique buckle on this belt is a decoration of this crocodile belt. This belt can be used in jeans, or other pants.