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Sony A65 OLED Viewfinder
Long time readers know that we at IR always been lukewarm toward electronic viewfinders (EVFs). Happily, though, EVF technology continues to improve steadily, and the OLED (organic light-emitting diode) viewfinders on the A65, A77, and forthcoming NEX-7 represent another solid advance in the field. Optical viewfinders still can't be beat for clarity and brightness in some environments, but the OLED technology in Sony's latest viewfinders narrows that gap, and there are undeniably many ways in which Sony's new EVFs offer dramatically greater capabilities.
As we've looked back and edited this section, it struck us that there's an awful lot of discussion here about what is, after all, "just" a viewfinder. In defense of this, we think the EVF on Sony's translucent-mirror technology (TMT) and mirrorless NEX models will be a critical factor for a lot of traditionalists in deciding whether to make the move away from their old-style SLRs. Their electronic viewfinders are much more a key component of TMT cameras' value propositions than optical finders ever were in conventional models.
Tonal Range
One of our biggest gripes with EVFs has always been their limited tonal reproduction, particularly in highlight areas: It's enormously frustrating trying to frame a landscape shot with no idea of where the clouds are in the sky. Overall high-key subjects were always a challenge as well.
Sony's new OLED technology does a dramatically better job with highlights than most any EVF approach we've seen in the past, but we found that the tonal problem has now moved to the shadows: In scenes with a wide tonal range, it can be tough to see any detail in shadow areas without momentarily re-framing to get the viewfinder to gain-up a little.
We're optimistic, though, that this issue with tonal range might be addressed in firmware, perhaps even by the time the A65, A77, and certainly the NEX-7 reach market. A big feature OLED has going for it is an incredibly wide dynamic range. At the high end, you're of course limited with how brightly the little LED pixels can shine (more on that in a moment), but at the low end, when an LED is off, it's off: Zero current in means zero light out. By contrast (no pun intended), LCDs work by filtering light coming from a constant-brightness backlight, and so never get really black. So with an OLED, you have much more dynamic range to work with in the first place.
It seems to us that the problem with plugged shadows could be addressed fairly simply by just applying the right tone curve to image data being sent to the OLED unit. On the image-capture side, Sony has a very effective DRO (dynamic range optimizer) option that does a good job of balancing brightness between highlights and shadows. It even works when recording live video. Why not apply the same technology to these new OLED viewfinders, to boost shadow area brightness a little so you can see details?
We say we're optimistic that a firmware patch could better manage the OLED's tonal range, but it's possible that the camera hardware just isn't wired to provide for massaging the data flowing to the OLED chip. Let's all cross our fingers, and see what happens...
Before turning to all the positive aspects of EVFs, I'll raise one other area where they lag behind optical viewfinders, namely image brightness compared to bright daylight. While I really fell in love with the Sony A65's EVF, it shared one remaining foible with lesser EVFs of the past. Even with the brightness adjustment set to maximum, when I brought the viewfinder to my eye while shooting under bright sunlight, the EVF display was significantly less bright than the surroundings. I often found it taking a moment for my eyes to adjust to the dimmer view, and I was conscious of pressing the camera particularly closely against my face in an attempt to block out as much ambient light as possible.
I don't know what the brightness limits of OLEDs are, so it's possible that Sony could change the settings to let the EVF get even brighter, but my guess is they'd already have done so if it were feasible. I personally didn't feel that the limited brightness was a major issue, but other IR team members who used the camera in bright sunlight found it rather distracting. (Happily, the transflective rear-panel LCD does well in bright surroundings; it worked very well, even in glaring direct sunlight.)
Having spent more than my share of time griping, it's time now to turn to the positive aspects of EVFs, as evinced by Sony's OLED technology. One very useful improvement over optical viewfinders comes at the opposite end of the light scale, when shooting under dark conditions. The Sony A65's EVF does an excellent job of gaining-up when the light gets dim. There's no free lunch, in that the trade-offs are that the image gets a bit grainy looking, and the refresh rate drops dramatically, but the net result is I was much more able to see what I was shooting after dark with the A65 than I've ever been with any optical-viewfinder camera I've used in the past.
Size, Resolution, and Accuracy
The first thing you'll notice right off when first looking into the Sony A65's viewfinder is how big it is. Compared to the viewfinders on any other subframe camera, the view through the A65's is enormous. The view has to be a good 30-40% larger in both height and width than what you'll see on most any other subframe camera on the market.
Surprisingly, though, even with its extra-wide viewing angle, the Sony A65 maintains a surprisingly high eyepoint of 27mm from the eyepiece lens and 22mm from the eyepiece frame. As an eyeglass-wearer, I always appreciate a high eyepoint, and with the A65, I didn't feel that I had to mash the camera against my glasses to be able to see the full display. (I did find myself wishing that the A65's viewfinder projected a little further beyond the back of the camera, though: I was quite conscious of how much my nose pressed against the back of the camera. If I left the LCD screen facing outward, huge nose-prints were an ongoing fact of life.)
The second thing you may notice about the Sony A65's viewfinder is its incredibly high resolution. With XGA resolution (1024x768) and 2,359,296 dots, this is easily the highest-resolution EVF we've ever seen. I found I could make out pixels in the text and icons of the information displays if I squinted hard enough, but never had any sense of pixelation in the viewfinder image itself.
The third important visual characteristic of the Sony A65's viewfinder is its 100% frame accuracy. This is absolutely a what-you-see-is-what-you- get viewfinder; it shows you exactly what the sensor is seeing. This is a feature you just don't see in SLRs below professional-grade models, selling for a couple thousand dollars a pop. Making an optical viewfinder with 100% accuracy requires incredibly exacting tolerances, the kind of tolerances that really drive up manufacturing costs. With an electronic viewfinder, it's a relatively simple matter to show the full image that the sensor is seeing. You can get pretty close (98% based on our measurements) with high-end prosumer or low-level pro models like the Canon 7D or Nikon D7000, but they're still not 100% unless you switch to live view mode and accept the AF speed trade-offs that implies. While it's rarely a critical issue in the sort of shots I take personally, I find it annoying that the "through the lens" viewfinder doesn't show me exactly what the camera is going to capture. - So I'm a huge fan of 100% viewfinders, as long as it doesn't cost me another $1,000 in cost of the camera to get one.
Sony A65 Viewfinder Responsiveness: Update Lag and Refresh Rate
Sony's A55 and A33 translucent-mirror SLRs were true breakthrough devices when it came to high-speed continuous shooting at affordable prices, and the Sony A65 and A77 take that capability up another notch, with maximum frame rates of 10 and 12 frames/second respectively. (The second-string A65 now matches the frame rate of the former top gun, the A55.)
Despite their very high frame rates, though, we found it difficult to track and frame fast-breaking action with the A33/55, because the image displayed in the viewfinder was always that of the last frame captured, not what was currently happening in front of the lens. Looking through the viewfinder, we were thus always reacting to where the subject was 1/7 second (A33) or 1/10 second (A55) in the past. A tenth of a second may not sound like much, but with a fast-moving subject (and shooters as unskilled at sports and action photography as we are), it was enough to cause major problems with framing and tracking.
As I'm writing this, we don't have an A55 on hand to compare against the A65, but it appears to us that in high-speed mode, the A65 is still showing the last image captured, rather than the current "live" view. That said, we haven't been as aware of the update-lag problem as much with the A65; we felt more able to track fast-moving subjects with it than was the case with the A33/55. We'd have to spend more time with it in a sports-shooting environment to say for sure how much improved the A65 is over the A55 in this regard: If it's still just displaying the last shot captured, there may not be that much difference – but it'll still be ahead of the 7fps A33.
When not in continuous shooting mode, viewfinder responsiveness is a function of refresh rate; essentially the frame rate of the "live movie" that constitutes the viewfinder image. Specs for this are almost never published, in part because the refresh rate is usually a strong function of the amount of light falling on the camera's sensor. In dim lighting, the camera needs longer exposure times for each frame of the movie it's capturing and playing into the viewfinder display, setting an upper limit on the viewfinder's refresh rate. Indeed, as noted above, the Sony A65's refresh rate drops pretty dramatically when faced with very dim shooting conditions. (A trade off we're happy to accept, given that the resulting viewfinder image is much more visible than that from an optical viewfinder under similar circumstances.)
We don't have any way to measure the Sony A65's viewfinder refresh rate under bright lighting conditions, but our sense is that it's quite high: Motion was very smooth and fluid, and we had no sense of a delay or lag between the subject's motion and what we were seeing in the viewfinder.
Low refresh rates were often a bugaboo of early EVFs, but the problem seems pretty completely banished with the combination of the Sony A65's sensor, fast processor, and OLED EVF technology.
Sony A65 Information Display
The area where EVFs completely crush optical viewfinders is of course in on-screen information display. With the whole viewfinder area a full-color high-resolution image display, readout, status and other information can be displayed anywhere you please. Not only that, but full menu displays are a button-press away, so your eye never need leave the viewfinder while operating the camera.
Another often unrecognized advantage of an EVF is that, because the same display is being used for both the viewfinder image and AF point indicators, there's never a problem with ambient light washing out illuminated AF-point displays, or conversely there not being enough light to see ones that are just an LCD overlay. We found the AF point indicators on the A65's EVF particularly well designed. The Sony A65's AF point markers consist of open green squares with thin black outlines around them. The combination of bright and dark elements means active AF points are easy to see regardless of subject brightness: In bright areas, the black outlines make them stand out, while in dark areas, the green lines are easily visible.
Like the A33 and A55 before it, the Sony A65 makes great use of its EVF for information display. A host of basic camera setting and status information is always visible above and below the image area, and thanks to the unusually large viewing angle, the info displays don't cramp the viewfinder image at all. A lot of optional information that can be displayed as well: A shooting display mode provides data for 13 other camera settings overlaid on the viewfinder image, down the left and right sides; a histogram option displays an exposure histogram overlay in the lower right; a graphic display mode overlays virtual shutter speed and aperture indicators, also in the lower right; and a digital level gauge option overlays a red/green two-axis tilt meter in the center of the frame.
My response to the rich information environment of a well-constructed high-resolution EVF like the Sony A65's reminds me a little of my initial transition to all-digital photography 8 or 9 years ago now. Back then, I didn't realize how much I'd come to appreciate and even depend on the immediate feedback digital offered until I tried taking a trip with only my trusty film SLR in hand. With all my images locked up in film cans, I felt crippled and resolved "never again:" The next trip and ever after, it's been digital all the way.
I'm finding my experience with Sony's rich EVF environment somewhat similar. My everyday SLR (now an incredible 5 years old; definitely time for an upgrade) is a conventional optical-finder model. After using the Sony A65 for a few days, it feels crippling and archaic to go back to the sparse information provided by an old-style optical viewfinder.
Image Preview
Another feature that's of course not even possible with an optical viewfinder is true image preview. Not only are optical viewfinders generally limited in their framing accuracy, they have no way to show what sort of image the camera is about to record: You have no idea in advance of the shot whether the white balance is suitable, how the exposure is looking, etc. And while an optical viewfinder can give you a pretty good depth of field preview, if you're stopping down the lens much at all, the view will likely be too dark to make out the subject, let along judge relative focus.
The Sony A65 Viewfinder: Bottom Line
Much though I'm sure Sony would like me to agree with them that the A65's EVF finally matches all the desirable characteristics of an optical viewfinder, I'm afraid that time hasn't yet arrived: While great progress has been made, even the A65's OLED display doesn't come close to providing the dynamic range of a purely optical system. Likewise, update lag during continuous shooting is still at least somewhat an issue.
That said, though, I can confidently say that all the benefits the Sony A65's EVF brings over optical systems would leave me entirely comfortable switching over to it from my old-school optical-VF SLR without looking back.
Ultimately, the choice of optical vs EVF will come down to personal preferences, so you'll probably want to look through one yourself before making a final decision. For most people, though, I think the benefits of an EVF like the Sony A65's will far outweigh the few remaining limitations.


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Lance Armstrong and his team ran the most sophisticated doping programme in sport according to the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USDA) which released its report on the case against the US Postal cycling team on Wednesday.
Transcript of statement from USADA chief executive Travis Tygart regarding the US Postal Service doping conspiracy:
"Today, we are sending the 'Reasoned Decision' in the Lance Armstrong case and supporting information to the Union Cycliste International (UCI), the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), and the World Triathlon Corporation (WTC). The evidence shows beyond any doubt that the US Postal Service Pro Cycling Team ran the most sophisticated, professionalized and successful doping program that sport has ever seen.
- What former teammates said against Armstrong
The evidence of the US Postal Service Pro Cycling Team-run scheme is overwhelming and is in excess of 1000 pages, and includes sworn testimony from 26 people, including 15 riders with knowledge of the US Postal Service Team (USPS Team) and its participants' doping activities. The evidence also includes direct documentary evidence including financial payments, emails, scientific data and laboratory test results that further prove the use, possession and distribution of performance enhancing drugs by Lance Armstrong and confirm the disappointing truth about the deceptive activities of the USPS Team, a team that received tens of millions of American taxpayer dollars in funding.
Together these different categories of eyewitness, documentary, first-hand, scientific, direct and circumstantial evidence reveal conclusive and undeniable proof that brings to the light of day for the first time this systemic, sustained and highly professionalized team-run doping conspiracy. All of the material will be made available later this afternoon on the USADA website at www.usada.org.
The USPS Team doping conspiracy was professionally designed to groom and pressure athletes to use dangerous drugs, to evade detection, to ensure its secrecy and ultimately gain an unfair competitive advantage through superior doping practices. A program organized by individuals who thought they were above the rules and who still play a major and active role in sport today.
The evidence demonstrates that the 'Code of Silence' of performance enhancing drug use in the sport of cycling has been shattered, but there is more to do. From day one, we always hoped this investigation would bring to a close this troubling chapter in cycling's history and we hope the sport will use this tragedy to prevent it from ever happening again.
- How the noose was tied around Armstrong's neck
Of course, no one wants to be chained to the past forever, and I would call on the UCI to act on its own recent suggestion for a meaningful Truth and Reconciliation program. While we appreciate the arguments that weigh in favor of and against such a program, we believe that allowing individuals like the riders mentioned today to come forward and acknowledge the truth about their past doping may be the only way to truly dismantle the remaining system that allowed this "EPO and Blood Doping Era" to flourish. Hopefully, the sport can unshackle itself from the past, and once and for all continue to move forward to a better future.
Our mission is to protect clean athletes by preserving the integrity of competition not only for today's athletes but also the athletes of tomorrow. We have heard from many athletes who have faced an unfair dilemma - dope, or don't compete at the highest levels of the sport. Many of them abandoned their dreams and left sport because they refused to endanger their health and participate in doping. That is a tragic choice no athlete should have to make.
It took tremendous courage for the riders on the USPS Team and others to come forward and speak truthfully. It is not easy to admit your mistakes and accept your punishment. But that is what these riders have done for the good of the sport, and for the young riders who hope to one day reach their dreams without using dangerous drugs or methods.
These eleven (11) teammates of Lance Armstrong, in alphabetical order, are Frankie Andreu, Michael Barry, Tom Danielson, Tyler Hamilton, George Hincapie, Floyd Landis, Levi Leiphimer, Stephen Swart, Christian Vande Velde, Jonathan Vaughters and David Zabriskie.
The riders who participated in the USPS Team doping conspiracy and truthfully assisted have been courageous in making the choice to stop perpetuating the sporting fraud, and they have suffered greatly. In addition to the public revelations, the active riders have been suspended and disqualified appropriately in line with the rules. In some part, it would have been easier for them if it all would just go away; however, they love the sport, and they want to help young athletes have hope that they are not put in the position they were -- to face the reality that in order to climb to the heights of their sport they had to sink to the depths of dangerous cheating.
I have personally talked with and heard these athletes' stories and firmly believe that, collectively, these athletes, if forgiven and embraced, have a chance to leave a legacy far greater for the good of the sport than anything they ever did on a bike.
Lance Armstrong was given the same opportunity to come forward and be part of the solution. He rejected it. Instead he exercised his legal right not to contest the evidence and knowingly accepted the imposition of a ban from recognized competition for life and disqualification of his competitive results from 1998 forward. The entire factual and legal basis on the outcome in his case and the other six active riders' cases will be provided in the materials made available online later today. Two other members of the USPS Team, Dr. Michele Ferrari and Dr. Garcia del Moral, also received lifetime bans for perpetrating this doping conspiracy.
Three other members of the USPS Team have chosen to contest the charges and take their cases to arbitration: Johan Bruyneel, the team director; Dr. Pedro Celaya, a team doctor; and Jose "Pepe" Marti, the team trainer. These three individuals will receive a full hearing before independent judges, where they will have the opportunity to present and confront the evidence, cross-examine witnesses and testify under oath in a public proceeding.
From day one in this case, as in every potential case, the USADA Board of Directors and professional staff did the job we are mandated to do for clean athletes and the integrity of sport. We focused solely on finding the truth without being influenced by celebrity or non-celebrity, threats, personal attacks or political pressure because that is what clean athletes deserve and demand."
Photograph: Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images

subset: commoncrawl


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Instruction on the application of the Apostolic Letter Summorum Pontificum of His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI given Motu Proprio
I. Introduction
1. The Apostolic Letter Summorum Pontificum of the Sovereign Pontiff Benedict XVI given Motu Proprio on 7 July 2007, which came into effect on 14 September 2007, has made the richness of the Roman Liturgy more accessible to the Universal Church.
2. With this Motu Proprio, the Holy Father Pope Benedict XVI promulgated a universal law for the Church, intended to establish new regulations for the use of the Roman Liturgy in effect in 1962.
3. The Holy Father, having recalled the concern of the Sovereign Pontiffs in caring for the Sacred Liturgy and in their recognition of liturgical books, reaffirms the traditional principle, recognised from time immemorial and necessary to be maintained into the future, that "each particular Church must be in accord with the universal Church not only regarding the doctrine of the faith and sacramental signs, but also as to the usages universally handed down by apostolic and unbroken tradition. These are to be maintained not only so that errors may be avoided, but also so that the faith may be passed on in its integrity, since the Church's rule of prayer (lex orandi) corresponds to her rule of belief (lex credendi)."1
4. The Holy Father recalls also those Roman Pontiffs who, in a particular way, were notable in this task, specifically Saint Gregory the Great and Saint Pius V. The Holy Father stresses moreover that, among the sacred liturgical books, the Missale Romanum has enjoyed a particular prominence in history, and was kept up to date throughout the centuries until the time of Blessed Pope John XXIII. Subsequently in 1970, following the liturgical reform after the Second Vatican Council, Pope Paul VI approved for the Church of the Latin rite a new Missal, which was then translated into various languages. In the year 2000, Pope John Paul II promulgated the third edition of this Missal.
5. Many of the faithful, formed in the spirit of the liturgical forms prior to the Second Vatican Council, expressed a lively desire to maintain the ancient tradition. For this reason, Pope John Paul II with a special Indult Quattuor abhinc annos issued in 1984 by the Congregation for Divine Worship, granted the faculty under certain conditions to restore the use of the Missal promulgated by Blessed Pope John XXIII. Subsequently, Pope John Paul II, with the Motu Proprio Ecclesia Dei of 1988, exhorted the Bishops to be generous in granting such a faculty for all the faithful who requested it. Pope Benedict continues this policy with the Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum regarding certain essential criteria for the Usus Antiquior of the Roman Rite, which are recalled here.
6. The Roman Missal promulgated by Pope Paul VI and the last edition prepared under Pope John XXIII, are two forms of the Roman Liturgy, defined respectively as ordinaria and extraordinaria: they are two usages of the one Roman Rite, one alongside the other. Both are the expression of the same lex orandi of the Church. On account of its venerable and ancient use, the forma extraordinaria is to be maintained with appropriate honor.
7. The Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum was accompanied by a letter from the Holy Father to Bishops, with the same date as the Motu Proprio (7 July 2007). This letter gave further explanations regarding the appropriateness and the need for the Motu Proprio; it was a matter of overcoming a lacuna by providing new norms for the use of the Roman Liturgy of 1962. Such norms were needed particularly on account of the fact that, when the new Missal had been introduced under Pope Paul VI, it had not seemed necessary to issue guidelines regulating the use of the 1962 Liturgy. By reason of the increase in the number of those asking to be able to use the forma extraordinaria, it has become necessary to provide certain norms in this area.
Among the statements of the Holy Father was the following: "There is no contradiction between the two editions of the Roman Missal. In the history of the Liturgy growth and progress are found, but not a rupture. What was sacred for prior generations, remains sacred and great for us as well, and cannot be suddenly prohibited altogether or even judged harmful."2
8. The Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum constitutes an important expression of the Magisterium of the Roman Pontiff and of his munus of regulating and ordering the Church's Sacred Liturgy.3 The Motu Proprio manifests his solicitude as Vicar of Christ and Supreme Pastor of the Universal Church,4 and has the aim of:
a.) offering to all the faithful the Roman Liturgy in the Usus Antiquior, considered as a precious treasure to be preserved;
b.) effectively guaranteeing and ensuring the use of the forma extraordinaria for all who ask for it, given that the use of the 1962 Roman Liturgy is a faculty generously granted for the good of the faithful and therefore is to be interpreted in a sense favourable to the faithful who are its principal addressees;
c.) promoting reconciliation at the heart of the Church.
II. The Responsibilities of the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei
9. The Sovereign Pontiff has conferred upon the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei ordinary vicarious power for the matters within its competence, in a particular way for monitoring the observance and application of the provisions of the Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum (cf. art. 12).
10. § 1. The Pontifical Commission exercises this power, beyond the faculties previously granted by Pope John Paul II and confirmed by Pope Benedict XVI (cf. Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum, artt. 11-12), also by means of the power to decide upon recourses legitimately sent to it, as hierarchical Superior, against any possible singular administrative provision of an Ordinary which appears to be contrary to the Motu Proprio.
§ 2. The decrees by which the Pontifical Commission decides recourses may be challenged ad normam iuris before the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura.
11. After having received the approval from the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei will have the task of looking after future editions of liturgical texts pertaining to the forma extraordinaria of the Roman Rite.
III. Specific Norms
12. Following upon the inquiry made among the Bishops of the world, and with the desire to guarantee the proper interpretation and the correct application of the Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum, this Pontifical Commission, by virtue of the authority granted to it and the faculties which it enjoys, issues this Instruction according to can. 34 of the Code of Canon Law.
The Competence of Diocesan Bishops
13. Diocesan Bishops, according to Canon Law, are to monitor liturgical matters in order to guarantee the common good and to ensure that everything is proceeding in peace and serenity in their Dioceses5, always in agreement with the mens of the Holy Father clearly expressed by the Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum.6 In cases of controversy or well-founded doubt about the celebration in the forma extraordinaria, the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei will adjudicate.
14. It is the task of the Diocesan Bishop to undertake all necessary measures to ensure respect for the forma extraordinaria of the Roman Rite, according to the Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum.
The coetus fidelium (cf. Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum, art. 5 § 1)
15. A coetus fidelium ("group of the faithful") can be said to be stabiliter existens ("existing in a stable manner"), according to the sense of art. 5 § 1 of the Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum, when it is constituted by some people of an individual parish who, even after the publication of the Motu Proprio, come together by reason of their veneration for the Liturgy in the Usus Antiquior, and who ask that it might be celebrated in the parish church or in an oratory or chapel; such a coetus ("group") can also be composed of persons coming from different parishes or dioceses, who gather together in a specific parish church or in an oratory or chapel for this purpose.
16. In the case of a priest who presents himself occasionally in a parish church or an oratory with some faithful, and wishes to celebrate in the forma extraordinaria, as foreseen by articles 2 and 4 of the Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum, the pastor or rector of the church, or the priest responsible, is to permit such a celebration, while respecting the schedule of liturgical celebrations in that same church.
17. § 1. In deciding individual cases, the pastor or the rector, or the priest responsible for a church, is to be guided by his own prudence, motivated by pastoral zeal and a spirit of generous welcome.
§ 2. In cases of groups which are quite small, they may approach the Ordinary of the place to identify a church in which these faithful may be able to come together for such celebrations, in order to ensure easier participation and a more worthy celebration of the Holy Mass.
18. Even in sanctuaries and places of pilgrimage the possibility to celebrate in the forma extraordinaria is to be offered to groups of pilgrims who request it (cf. Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum, art. 5 § 3), if there is a qualified priest.
19. The faithful who ask for the celebration of the forma extraordinaria must not in any way support or belong to groups which show themselves to be against the validity or legitimacy of the Holy Mass or the Sacraments celebrated in the forma ordinaria or against the Roman Pontiff as Supreme Pastor of the Universal Church.
Sacerdos idoneus ("Qualified Priest") (cf. Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum, art 5 § 4)
20. With respect to the question of the necessary requirements for a priest to be held idoneus ("qualified") to celebrate in the forma extraordinaria, the following is hereby stated:
a.) Every Catholic priest who is not impeded by Canon Law7 is to be considered idoneus ("qualified") for the celebration of the Holy Mass in the forma extraordinaria.
b.) Regarding the use of the Latin language, a basic knowledge is necessary, allowing the priest to pronounce the words correctly and understand their meaning.
c.) Regarding knowledge of the execution of the Rite, priests are presumed to be qualified who present themselves spontaneously to celebrate the forma extraordinaria, and have celebrated it previously.
21. Ordinaries are asked to offer their clergy the possibility of acquiring adequate preparation for celebrations in the forma extraordinaria. This applies also to Seminaries, where future priests should be given proper formation, including study of Latin8 and, where pastoral needs suggest it, the opportunity to learn the forma extraordinaria of the Roman Rite.
22. In Dioceses without qualified priests, Diocesan Bishops can request assistance from priests of the Institutes erected by the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei, either to the celebrate the forma extraordinaria or to teach others how to celebrate it.
23. The faculty to celebrate sine populo (or with the participation of only one minister) in the forma extraordinaria of the Roman Rite is given by the Motu Proprio to all priests, whether secular or religious (cf. Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum, art. 2). For such celebrations therefore, priests, by provision of the Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum, do not require any special permission from their Ordinaries or superiors.
Liturgical and Ecclesiastical Discipline
24. The liturgical books of the forma extraordinaria are to be used as they are. All those who wish to celebrate according to the forma extraordinaria of the Roman Rite must know the pertinent rubrics and are obliged to follow them correctly.
25. New saints and certain of the new prefaces can and ought to be inserted into the 1962 Missal9, according to provisions which will be indicated subsequently.
26. As foreseen by article 6 of the Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum, the readings of the Holy Mass of the Missal of 1962 can be proclaimed either solely in the Latin language, or in Latin followed by the vernacular or, in Low Masses, solely in the vernacular.
27. With regard to the disciplinary norms connected to celebration, the ecclesiastical discipline contained in the Code of Canon Law of 1983 applies.
28. Furthermore, by virtue of its character of special law, within its own area, the Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum derogates from those provisions of law, connected with the sacred Rites, promulgated from 1962 onwards and incompatible with the rubrics of the liturgical books in effect in 1962.
Confirmation and Holy Orders
29. Permission to use the older formula for the rite of Confirmation was confirmed by the Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum (cf. art. 9 § 2). Therefore, in the forma extraordinaria, it is not necessary to use the newer formula of Pope Paul VI as found in the Ordo Confirmationis.
30. As regards tonsure, minor orders and the subdiaconate, the Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum does not introduce any change in the discipline of the Code of Canon Law of 1983; consequently, in Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life which are under the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei, one who has made solemn profession or who has been definitively incorporated into a clerical institute of apostolic life, becomes incardinated as a cleric in the institute or society upon ordination to the diaconate, in accordance with canon 266 § 2 of the Code of Canon Law.
31. Only in Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life which are under the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei, and in those which use the liturgical books of the forma extraordinaria, is the use of the Pontificale Romanum of 1962 for the conferral of minor and major orders permitted.
Breviarium Romanum
32. Art. 9 § 3 of the Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum gives clerics the faculty to use the Breviarium Romanum in effect in 1962, which is to be prayed entirely and in the Latin language.
The Sacred Triduum
33. If there is a qualified priest, a coetus fidelium ("group of faithful"), which follows the older liturgical tradition, can also celebrate the Sacred Triduum in the forma extraordinaria. When there is no church or oratory designated exclusively for such celebrations, the parish priest or Ordinary, in agreement with the qualified priest, should find some arrangement favourable to the good of souls, not excluding the possibility of a repetition of the celebration of the Sacred Triduum in the same church.
The Rites of Religious Orders
34. The use of the liturgical books proper to the Religious Orders which were in effect in 1962 is permitted.
Pontificale Romanum and the Rituale Romanum
35. The use of the Pontificale Romanum, the Rituale Romanum, as well as the Caeremoniale Episcoporum in effect in 1962, is permitted, in keeping with n. 28 of this Instruction, and always respecting n. 31 of the same Instruction.
The Holy Father Pope Benedict XVI, in an audience granted to the undersigned Cardinal President of the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei on 8 April 2011, approved this present Instruction and ordered its publication.
Given at Rome, at the Offices of the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei, 30 April, 2011, on the memorial of Pope Saint Pius V.
William Cardinal Levada
Monsignor Guido Pozzo
* * *
1 Benedictus XVI, Litterae Apostolicae Summorum Pontificum motu proprio datae, I, AAS 99 (2007) 777; cf. Institutio Generalis Missalis Romani, tertia editio 2002, n. 397.
2 Benedictus XVI, Epistola ad Episcopos ad producendas Litteras Apostolicas motu proprio datas, de Usu Liturgiae Romanae Instaurationi anni 1970 praecedentis, AAS 99 (2007) 798.
3 Cf. Code of Canon Law, Canon 838 §1 and §2.
4 Cf. Code of Canon Law, Canon 331.
5 Cf. Code of Canon Law, Canons 223 § 2 or 838 §1 and §4.
6 Benedictus XVI, Epistola ad Episcopos ad producendas Litteras Apostolicas motu proprio datas, de Usu Liturgiae Romanae Instaurationi anni 1970 praecedentis, AAS 99 (2007) 799.
7 Cf. Code of Canon Law, Canon 900 § 2.
8 Cf. Code of Canon Law, Canon 249; Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution Sacrosanctum Concilium, 36; Declaration Optatum totius, 13.9 Benedictus XVI, Epistola ad Episcopos ad producendas Litteras Apostolicas motu proprio datas, de Usu Liturgiae Romanae Instaurationi anni 1970 praecedentis, AAS 99 (2007) 797.


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Nanoscale replication of butterfly wings
Insects' colours and their iridescence (the ability to change colours depending on the angle) or their ability to appear metallic are determined by tiny nano-sized photonic structures (1 nanometre=10-9 m) which can be found in their cuticle. Scientists have focused on these biostructures to develop devices with light emitting properties that they have just presented in the journal Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. "This technique was developed at the Materials Research Institute of the State University of Pennsylvania and it enables replicas of biological structures to be made on a nanometric scale", Raúl J. Martín-Palma, lecturer at the Department of Applied Physics of the UAM and co-author of the study explains to SINC. The researchers have created "free-standing replicas of fragile, laminar, chitinous biotemplates", that is, copies of the nano structures of butterfly wings. The appearance of these appendices usually depends more on their periodical nanometric structure (which determines the "physical" colour) than on the pigments in the wings (which establish the "chemical" colour). In order to create new biomaterial, the team used compounds based on Germanium, Selenium and Stibium (GeSeSb) and employed a technique called Conformal-Evaporated-Film-by-Rotation (CEFR), which combines thermal evaporation and substrate rotation in a low pressure chamber. They also used immersion in an aqueous orthophosphoric acid solution to dissolve the chitin (substance typically found in the exoskeleton of insects and other arthropods). The methods used to date to replicate bio structures are very limited when it comes to obtaining effective copies on a nanometric scale and they often damage the original biostructure because they are used in corrosive atmospheres or at high temperatures. The new technique "totally" overcomes these problems, as it is employed at room temperature and does not require the use of toxic substances. Martín-Palma points out that the structures resulting from replicating the biotemplate of butterfly wings could be used to make various optically active structures, such as optical diffusers or coverings that maximise solar cell light absorption, or other types of devices. "Furthermore, the technique can be used to replicate other biological structures, such as beetle shells or the compound eyes of flies, bees and wasps," the researcher says. The compound eyes of certain insects are sound candidates for a large number of applications as they provide great angular vision. "The development of miniature cameras and optical sensors based on these organs would make it possible for them to be installed in small spaces in cars, mobile telephones and displays, apart from having uses in areas such as medicine (the development of endoscopes) and security (surveillance)", Martín-Palma says.


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Bullz-Eye hits New York City with Dodge
I traveled to New York City courtesy of Dodge to check out and drive some of their 2011 models, including the 2011 Dodge Avenger. This was my first opportunity to test drive this vehicle, and I had a red Dodge Avenger Heat V6 for the drive (see the photos above). It was a rainy spring day, but I was able to push the Avenger on some country roads outside of the city along with hitting the city streets as well. The V6 made this car fun to drive, and Dodge made a number of changes to this vehicle for the 2011 model year to improve the handling. The wet roads weren't a problem and I loved the way it handled tight corners. The result was a vehicle that matched the aggressive styling, and I think this car will be a big hit for guys looking for a sporty sedan. Check back for our full review of the Avenger in our Car Channel.
Dodge also had some Chargers for us as well. I drove the V8 R/T in the past and was very impressed with the vehicle, so I took the opportunity to drive the 2011 Charger Rally Plus with a V6 engine (see the silver Charger in the photos above). While it doesn't have the power of the V8, this V6 Charger performed very well and had plenty of power. You can save some money and get better mileage with the V6, so for many guys this might be the better option. I recommend you drive both of them and you can choose based on your own preferences, but I came away impressed with both the V8 and V6 versions of the Charger. This car handles beautifully for a full-sized sedan and it has the most aggressive styling in its class in my opinion.
On Thursday night the group hit the BroBible Alpha Experience on Manhattan's West Side. The event showcased products and brands targeting the male demo, and Dodge was one of the signature sponsors along with other brands like Microsoft, Xbox, The Art of Shaving, Under Armour, Blackbeard Rum and more. The event produced a great crowd and was capped off with a concert by The Knocks on Skylight West's rooftop. It was nice to be back in New York with a great party crowd. Fortunately the weather cooperated!
The Dodge exhibit featured an incredible Charger R/T with a black exterior and red interior. Jenn Sterger stopped to check out the vehicle and Fred Deperez, Head of Marketing for Dodge, gave her all the info on the vehicle (see the photos above). Dodge also had a slick Challenger on hand as well.
It was a great way to cap off the trip.
Photo Credit for pics 1-7: Sunny Norton (see more on BroBible's Facebook page)
In accordance with the FTC Guidelines, We are disclosing that our time, travel and accommodations have been compensated by Chrysler Corp. for our participation in the Dodge Ride & Drive. Although we have a material connection to Chrysler Corp., any publicly stated opinions of Chrysler Corp. and their products remain our own.
Related Posts
Posted in: Cars, On Location, Stuff to Buy
Tags: 2011 Dodge Charger, Alpha Male Experience, BroBible, celebrities, Chrysler, Dodge, first drive, Fred DePerez, Jenn Sterger, Jenn Sterger Dodge, New York City, The Knocks


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The NavePoint Pro Series 6U 600mm network cabinet does the job for offices and retail environments that require a secure, heavy-duty wall-mounted storage option for standard 19" rack-mount servers and networking equipment. This cabinet can also be used freestanding. Choose from 6U/9U/12U/15U/18U sizes to custom-configure your job.Removable side panels and the perforated front door offer access for easy servicing. Cable management and security locks safeguard your network equipment. Venting slots and (2) built-in fans contribute to air circulation. Mounting rails employ cage nut bolting. Vertical mounting rails adjust in 7/8" increments to accommodate switches, patch panels and other equipment up to 20.5" deep. The 6U Pro Series cabinet supports a maximum weight of 132 lbs.The sturdy welded frame is made of heavy-duty Cold Rolled Steel with a durable, professional Black Electro-static Powder Coated finish. It's the network cabinet with the right design and construction to bring security and reliability to data center and office builds that require wall-mounting.The Pro Series network cabinets come flat-packed and require some straightforward assembly; they include all hardware, mounting anchors and door keys.Compliant with: CE, EIA/ECA-310-E, HIPAA, NEMA Rated Type-1, PCIMaximum weight capacity 132 lbs23.63"L x 23.5"W x 14.75"HSince 2008, NavePoint has offered high-quality networking equipment at value prices, supported by excellent, responsive, personal service and free, fast shipping.
- SLEEK: Perforated doors give a professional look and easy access while allowing you to readily monitor indicators.
- HEAVY DUTY: Wall mounting is designed to handle heavier installs.
- COOL: Perforated doors improve air cooling and fans allow airflow, all to help limit network slowdowns due to overheating.
- VERSATILE: 450 mm and 600 mm depths provide for greater variety of server and switch depths.
- SECURE: Door and side panel locks secure network connections.


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Mega Bloks Hot Wheels™ Construction Sets Unveiled At New York Toy Fair
MEGA Brands and Mattel continue to expand construction lines
MONTREAL/NEW YORK, Feb. 10, 2013 - MEGA Brands launches its brand-new Mega Bloks Hot Wheels™ collection today at the 2013 American International Toy Fair. Toy insiders will get a full preview of the highly-anticipated construction line hitting stores this summer.
Following their successful launch of the Mega Bloks Barbie line in Holiday 2012, MEGA Brands and Mattel continue to expand the construction category with a full range of building sets based on the iconic and best-selling Hot Wheels® brand. Mega Bloks Hot Wheels brings together the speed, action and performance of this world famous boys brand with easy building fun, cool action features and the world's first collectible Hot Wheels micro-action-figures.
"2012 was an exciting year for Mega Bloks as we materialized our partnership with Mattel and launched the Mega Bloks Barbie line," said Vic Bertrand, Chief Innovation Officer at MEGA Brands. "As we continue to join our expertise, we are now proud to introduce the brand new Mega Bloks Hot Wheels collection for Fall 2013, where Mega Bloks brings the world's most famous car brand to building toys."
The Mega Bloks Hot Wheels collection allows boys and collectors to build and customize awesome vehicles such as the ripcord-powered Build and Race assortment, the motorized 3-in-1 Super Blitzen Monster Truck with custom parts for three vehicle transformations, or the Urban Agent Escape Rig with missile launchers and vehicle stunt ramp. Every set, including the Hot Wheels Test Facility™ playset, includes exclusive Team Hot Wheels™ collectible micro-action-figures.
Unveiling its biggest ever product launch at this year's Toy Fair, MEGA Brands (booth # 751) will also showcase its 2013 additions to the Mega Bloks Barbie range with all-new themes and features such as lights and sounds, tons of accessories, and more Barbie™ Friends including Ken™! Toy Fair attendees will be treated to a preview of all the new sets for Fall '13 including the Mega Bloks Barbie™ Glam Scooter, Dolphin Adventure, Glam Salon, Horse Stable and Super Star Stage, which features fun songs and a light-up stage that responds to the beat of the music.
The Mega Bloks Thomas & Friends® preschool construction line is also expanded and refreshed for the 2013 Fall and Holiday seasons with more buildable sets and new sturdy PVC-free bags for easy clean-up and practical storage. In Fall 2013, little engineers can build out all of the action on the tracks inspired by the upcoming direct-to-DVD movie, King of the Railway with the "Thomas Visits the Castle" set. .
For more information on Mega Bloks products, please visit MEGA Brands at the American International Toy Fair, booth # 751 or http://www.megabloks.com.
BARBIE and associated trademarks and trade dress are owned by, and used under license from, Mattel, Inc. ©2013 Mattel, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
About Mega Brands:
MEGA Brands Inc. (TSX: MB) is a trusted family of leading global brands in construction toys, games & puzzles, arts & crafts and stationery. They offer engaging creative experiences for children, families and collectors through innovative, well-designed, affordable and high-quality products. For more information, visit http://www.megabloks.com/
About Mattel:
Mattel, Inc. (NASDAQ:MAT) (http://www.mattel.com) is the worldwide leader in the design, manufacture and marketing of toys and family products. The Mattel family is comprised of such best-selling brands as Barbie®, the most popular fashion doll ever introduced, Hot Wheels®, Matchbox®, American Girl®, Radica® and Tyco R/C®, as well as Fisher-Price® brands, including Thomas & Friends®, Little People®, Power Wheels® and a wide array of entertainment-inspired toy lines. In 2012, Mattel was named as one of FORTUNE Magazine's "100 Best Companies to Work For" for the fifth year in a row. Mattel also is ranked among Corporate Responsibility Magazine's "100 Best Corporate Citizens." With worldwide headquarters in El Segundo, Calif., Mattel employs approximately 28,000 people in 43 countries and territories and sells products in more than 150 nations. At Mattel, we are "Creating the Future of Play."


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Index | index by Group | index by Distribution | index by Vendor | index by creation date | index by Name | Mirrors | Help | Search |
Name: nettle | Distribution: openSUSE Leap 15.2 |
Version: 3.4.1 | Vendor: openSUSE |
Release: lp22.214.171.124 | Build date: Wed Apr 28 18:12:40 2021 |
Group: Productivity/Security | Build host: lamb22 |
Size: 547713 | Source RPM: libnettle-3.4.1-lp126.96.36.199.src.rpm |
Packager: http://bugs.opensuse.org | |
Url: https://www.lysator.liu.se/~nisse/nettle/ | |
Summary: Cryptographic Tools |
Nettle is a cryptographic library that is designed to fit easily in more or less any context: In crypto toolkits for object-oriented languages (C++, Python, Pike, ...), in applications like LSH or GNUPG, or even in kernel space. This package contains a few command-line tools to perform cryptographic operations using the nettle library.
LGPL-2.1-or-later AND GPL-2.0-or-later
* Mon Apr 19 2021 Pedro Monreal <email@example.com> - Security fix: [bsc#1184401, CVE-2021-20305] * multiply function being called with out-of-range scalars * Affects ecc-ecdsa-sign(), ecc_ecdsa_verify() and _eddsa_hash(). - Add libnettle-CVE-2021-20305.patch * Tue Oct 01 2019 Vítězslav Čížek <firstname.lastname@example.com> - Install checksums for binary integrity verification which are required when running in FIPS mode (bsc#1152692, jsc#SLE-9518) * Sun Mar 17 2019 Jason Sikes <firstname.lastname@example.com> - Update to 3.4.1 - FATE#327114 (bsc#1129598) * Fix CVE-2018-16869 (bsc#1118086) libnettle-CVE-2018-16869-3.4.patch (removed) All functions using RSA private keys are now side-channel silent, meaning that they try hard to avoid any branches or memory accesses depending on secret data. This applies both to the bignum calculations, which now use GMP's mpn_sec_* family of functions, and the processing of PKCS#1 padding needed for RSA decryption. * Changes in behavior: The functions rsa_decrypt and rsa_decrypt_tr may now clobber all of the provided message buffer, independent of the actual message length. They are side-channel silent, in that branches and memory accesses don't depend on the validity or length of the message. Side-channel leakage from the caller's use of length and return value may still provide an oracle useable for a Bleichenbacher-style chosen ciphertext attack. Which is why the new function rsa_sec_decrypt is recommended. * New features: A new function rsa_sec_decrypt. * Bug fixes: - Fix bug in pkcs1-conv, missing break statements in the parsing of PEM input files. - Fix link error on the pss-mgf1-test test, affecting builds without public key support. * Fri Dec 14 2018 Pedro Monreal Gonzalez <firstname.lastname@example.com> - Security fix: [bsc#1118086, CVE-2018-16869] * Leaky data conversion exposing a manager oracle * Added libnettle-CVE-2018-16869-3.4.patch * Thu Feb 22 2018 email@example.com - Use %license (boo#1082318) * Sun Nov 19 2017 email@example.com - libnettle 3.4: * Fixed an improper use of GMP mpn_mul, breaking curve2559 and eddsa on certain platforms * Fixed memory leak when handling invalid signatures in ecdsa_verify. Fix contributed by Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos. * Reorganized the way certain data items are made available: Nettle header files now define the symbols nettle_hashes, nettle_ciphers, and nettle_aeads, as preprocessor macros invoking a corresponding accessor function. For backwards ABI compatibility, the symbols are still present in the compiled libraries, and with the same sizes as in nettle-3.3. * Support for RSA-PSS signatures * Support for the HKDF key derivation function, defined by RFC 5869 * Support for the Cipher Feedback Mode (CFB) * New accessor functions: nettle_get_hashes, nettle_get_ciphers, nettle_get_aeads, nettle_get_secp_192r1, nettle_get_secp_224r1, nettle_get_secp_256r1, nettle_get_secp_384r1, nettle_get_secp_521r1. Direct access to data items is deprecated going forward. * The base16 and base64 functions now use the type char * for ascii data, rather than uint8_t *. This eliminates the last pointer-signedness warnings when building Nettle * The contents of the header file nettle/version.h is now architecture independent, except in --enable-mini-gmp * Prevent data sizes from leaking into the ABI - Fixes previously carried as patches: * Fix compilation error with --enable-fat om ARM Drop nettle-3.3-fix-fat-arm.patch * Mon Sep 04 2017 email@example.com - Add patch to fix build of fat-arm: * nettle-3.3-fix-fat-arm.patch * Sun Sep 03 2017 email@example.com - Build nettle with AES-NI support (bsc#1056980) * Thu Feb 09 2017 firstname.lastname@example.com - Explicitly BuildRequire m4 * Fri Oct 28 2016 firstname.lastname@example.com - libnettle 3.3: * Invalid private RSA keys, with an even modulo, are now rejected by rsa_private_key_prepare. (Earlier versions allowed such keys, even if results of using them were bogus). Nettle applications are required to call rsa_private_key_prepare and check the return value, before using any other RSA private key functions; failing to do so may result in crashes for invalid private keys. * Ignore bit 255 of the x coordinate of the input point to curve25519_mul, as required by RFC 7748. To differentiate at compile time, curve25519.h defines the constant NETTLE_CURVE25519_RFC7748. * RSA and DSA now use side-channel silent modular exponentiation, to defend against attacks on the private key from evil processes sharing the same processor cache. This attack scenario is of particular relevance when running an HTTPS server on a virtual machine, where you don't know who you share the cache hardware with. bsc#991464 CVE-2016-6489 * Fix sexp-conv crashes on invalid input * Fix out-of-bounds read in des_weak_p * Fix a couple of formally undefined shift operations * Fix compilation with c89 * New function memeql_sec, for side-channel silent comparison of two memory areas. * Building the public key support of nettle now requires GMP version 5.0 or later (unless --enable-mini-gmp is used). * Tue Feb 23 2016 firstname.lastname@example.com - Fix postun->preun on info packages regenerating * Thu Jan 28 2016 email@example.com - Version update to 3.2 release bnc#964849 CVE-2015-8805 bnc#964847 CVE-2015-8804 bnc#964845 CVE-2015-8803: * New functions for RSA private key operations, identified by the "_tr" suffix, with better resistance to side channel attacks and to hardware or software failures which could break the CRT optimization * SHA3 implementation is updated according to the FIPS 202 standard * New ARM Neon implementation of the chacha stream cipher * Should be compatible binary with 3.1 series - Add patch to fix build with cflags: * nettle-respect-cflags.patch * Mon Jun 22 2015 email@example.com - Remove off-by-one-test-suite.patch as it was fixed by upstream differently * Sun Apr 26 2015 firstname.lastname@example.com - nettle 3.1.1 Non-critical bugfix release, binary compatible to 3.1 * By accident, nettle-3.1 disabled the assembly code for the secp_224r1 and secp_521r1 elliptic curves on all x86_64 configurations, making signature operations on those curves 10%-30% slower. This code is now re-enabled. * The x86_64 assembly implementation of gcm hashing has been fixed to work with the Sun/Oracle assembler. * Thu Apr 23 2015 email@example.com added patch: off-by-one-test-suite.patch - Address Sanitizer, found a off-by-one error in the test suite (bnc#928328) * Sat Apr 11 2015 email@example.com - nettle 3.1 (libnettle6, libhogweed4) - bug fixes in 3.1: * Fixed a missing include of <limits.h>, which made the camellia implementation fail on all 64-bit non-x86 platforms. * Eliminate out-of-bounds reads in the C implementation of memxor (related to valgrind's --partial-loads-ok flag). [bso#926745) - interface changes in 3.1: * Declarations of many internal functions are moved from ecc.h to ecc-internal.h. - interface changes in 3.0: * contains developer relevant incompatible interface changes - Removed features: * nettle_next_prime, use GMP's mpz_nextprime * Deleted the RSAREF compatibility - New features in 3.1: * Support for curve25519 and for EdDSA25519 signatures. * Support for "fat builds" on x86_64 and arm (not enabled) * Support for building the hogweed library (public key support) using "mini-gmp" (not enabled) * The shared libraries are now built with versioned symbols. * Support for "URL-safe" base64 encoding and decoding - New features in 3.0: * new DSA, AES, Camellia interfaces * Support for Poly1305-AES MAC. * Support for the ChaCha stream cipher and EXPERIMENTAL support for the ChaCha-Poly1305 AEAD mode. * Support for EAX mode. * Support for CCM mode. * Additional variants of SHA512 with output size of 224 and 256 bits * New interface, struct nettle_aead, for mechanisms providing authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD). * DSA: Support a wider range for the size of q and a wider range for the digest size. * New command line tool nettle-pbkdf2. - Optimizations in 3.1: * New x86_64 implementation of AES, using the "aesni" instructions - Optimizations in 3.0: * New x86_64 assembly for GCM and MD5. Modest speedups on the order of 10%-20%. * Fri Mar 13 2015 firstname.lastname@example.com - Add url to the spec * Thu Mar 05 2015 firstname.lastname@example.com - Revert back to 2.7
/usr/bin/nettle-hash /usr/bin/nettle-lfib-stream /usr/bin/nettle-pbkdf2 /usr/bin/pkcs1-conv /usr/bin/sexp-conv /usr/share/doc/packages/nettle /usr/share/doc/packages/nettle/AUTHORS /usr/share/doc/packages/nettle/ChangeLog /usr/share/doc/packages/nettle/NEWS /usr/share/doc/packages/nettle/README /usr/share/doc/packages/nettle/TODO /usr/share/licenses/nettle /usr/share/licenses/nettle/COPYING.LESSERv3 /usr/share/licenses/nettle/COPYINGv2 /usr/share/licenses/nettle/COPYINGv3
Generated by rpm2html 1.8.1
Fabrice Bellet, Tue Jul 9 11:42:48 2024


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Take the best trip to Spain! Flamenco, bullfights, jerez sherry, olive groves, windmills, castles, Seville orange trees, siestas… all things that come to mind when we think of southern Spain- the most beautiful area of Spain.
Southern Spain Travel.com, an independent travel website, will give you everything important for visiting the key, must see cities. Insider tips, hotels, restaurants, tour informaiton and an overview of each city. Travel to Spain with our advice and have a great time!
Don't get us wrong, all spanish cities are pretty cool. But we think the best are located in the south region, most of which is in the state of Andalucia. There's a special charm and magical presence that envelops you when you're here.
In no particular order, here are the key places to visit in southern spain travel-ing.
There is no trip planning anxiety here!
Believe me, there's a lot to do, but we'll boil it down to just the top of the list. We will guide you to the best!
So whether you are going to stay for one night or ten, you'll need to know the best options for your trip to Spain.
If you rather have a planned tour, we've got info on that too. It's certainly the easiest way to go as it requires minimal planning beforehand. Here is a quick overview.
The hotels in the south region are so charming. You'll get the best experience if you stay in a locally run establishment in the heart of the city center. They are simple, but make you feel like a local! If you prefer luxurious accommodations, you'll find some great picks. Many Spain hotels provide free breakfast and this creates a great start to your day.
I could go on forever about Spain's food. They seem to have quite the knack for the best small dishes that not only satisfy but are pleasing to the eye. My favorite tapas include tortilla de patatas and gazpacho, Andalucia's regional must-have's. Adam loves the Jamon Serrano with a nice glass of Sherry from Jerez de la Frontera.
While I find the shopping a bit expensive at times, I enjoy the unique style that the Spaniards have. I love the way they pair thier clothes together and I always find myself looking for something special to take home. You'll find the greatest boutiques full of gifts for your friends and family, and to really treat yourself to something special. From food to stylin' shoes, you'll find it all in the center of town.
There are enough things to do and attractions to fill numerous days of your southern spain travel trip. The Moorish and roman influence from the past reflects on the current cities today.
The amazing cathedrals, palaces, roman ruins and gardens are something that is not to be missed.
The flamenco shows are so fun. You feel the passion these dancers and musicians have from just a few feet away.
And let's not forget, the flamenco garb is something spectacular as well. From the hair to the shoes, it's quite magical.
No matter what your feelings are on bullfighting, you have to respect the culture and history behind it all- It's pretty amazing! Be sure to tour the bullring museums to see the Matador's outfits. And if you can catch a show, you won't regret it.
Don't be afraid of the train travel and taxi's. The Ave is the best train ever. Clean, neat and you can even get a snack, it's definitely our preferred method of travel. Spain buses are great too.
If you prefer to rent a car, the big international chains are available at numerous locations and we have never had an issue renting a vehicle from them. Even the small companies are reputable!
If you are coming to this region, be sure to look into taking a trip to close surrounding cities. It's easier then you think to get there, and you'll be amazed at what you find.
There's so much to experience in this beautiful country. We happen to think it's one of the most exciting places to visit and wanted to share our experiences with you. Let your trip in Spain begin with Southern Spain Travel!
What Southern Spain Travel has in Store for You
Just Passing Through?
Traveling to the south making this region your hub, with day trips to other towns?
Curious What it Looks Like?
Take a virtual tour with these southern Spain travel photos from our trips (Why not share? You're like family now)
Share Your Experiences
We'd love to see where you've been and what you recommend.
Copyright© southern-spain-travel.com All Rights Reserved. Content Protected By DMCA.
Authentic Spain Food
It's true! Get tapas, jamon, olive oil, manchego and chorizo shipped directly from Spain
Get Football Tickets
Click here to buy tickets to Spains Sports events
Book a Hotel


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Shed Centre Wales is a small family run business in Cefn Cribwr, Bridgend.
We are committed to providing our customers with the best service and advice within this industry.
We offer a complete range of garden buildings, including garden sheds, summer houses, log cabins, children's playhouses, tool storage sheds and dog kennels.
All our garden buildings are available in a wide range of sizes and designs.
All our wooden garden buildings are available for self assemble or you can have our fully trained professional team at an extra cost to deliver and fit your garden building for you stress free.
At our site in Cefn Cribwr we also provide our customers with any after care products they may need to ensure a long lasting life on their new garden building.
We can ensure you that you will not be disappointed with any of our garden buildings at shed centre wales and will most likely be spoilt for choice in finding that new addition to your garden.
We look forward to your visit very soon.


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Elephant Walk Quilt Pattern
Item # 430122
Hurry! Only 24 left!
Overall rating:
5 out of 5
(2 reviews)
(2 reviews)
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Elephant Walk Quilt Pattern
Linda J
October 28, 2014
October 28, 2014
I made this quilt in yellow, white, black and gray for a friend. She loved it so much.
Elephant Walk Quilt Pattern
Shirley P
October 7, 2014
October 7, 2014
I made this quilt for a great nephew's new baby. It turned out really cute. It was really easy. I may make another one soon.


text: Advantages of electric vs. hydraulic injection moulding Electric for the lowest total cost of ownership FANUC > ROBOSHOT > Injection moulding: electric vs. hydraulic Menu ProductsRobotsCNCROBODRILLROBOSHOTROBOCUTIoTLaserCustomer Servicelifetime managementmaintenance servicesspare partsSolutionsIndustriesApplicationsCustomer CasesAbout FANUCCareerCountriesHistoryNews and eventsWho we areWhy FanucContact us MyFANUCDownload center ROBOSHOT Models Alpha-SiA SeriesModels Alpha-SiB SeriesInjection moulding: electric vs. hydraulicAccessories Get Navigation Language selection follow us Sitemap Print Menu ProductsRobotsCNCROBODRILLROBOSHOTROBOCUTIoTLaserCustomer Servicelifetime managementmaintenance servicesspare partsSolutionsIndustriesApplicationsCustomer CasesAbout FANUCCareerCountriesHistoryNews and eventsWho we areWhy FanucContact us MyFANUCDownload center Speed meets precision An early pioneer of electric injection moulding, FANUC launched the world's first CNC-controlled all-electric injection moulding machine in 1983. Since then FANUC all electric injection moulding machines have become increasingly popular. This is because all electric machines offer manufacturers higher productivity for lower running costs versus hydraulic machines. Not only are all electric machines faster and more precise than their hydraulic counterparts but, because they do not need to constantly maintain hydraulic pressure, they only consume electricity when they are running. This makes them much cheaper to run. And because there is no oil to warm, start-up times are also much faster. Download the flyer FANUC ROBOSHOT – the ultimate all electric CNC injection moulding machine lowest energy consumption worldwide uses 50-70% less energy than hydraulic machines uses 10-15% less energy than other all electric machines lowest total cost of ownership on the market To illustrate the benefits of all electric over hydraulic we ran a FANUC 300 t 56 mm screw all electric machine head-to-head against a 200-t hydraulic 50 mm screw machine for 230 days producing sweet boxes from a 24-cavity mould. The results? The all electric machine produced 112,418,743 units vs. 84,314,057 for the hydraulic The all electric machine consumed 120,597 kWh of electricity vs. 300,611 for the hydraulic Easier than hydraulic Low maintenance Free from the risk of leakage, or the need to replace consumables such as oil and filters, all electric injection moulding machines require much less maintenance than hydraulic machines. Unrivalled repeatability Unlike hydraulic machines which rely on hoses, valves and pumps, all electric machines are equipped with digitally-controlled servomotors that precisely control every process from injecting, extruding, clamping and ejecting to an extremely high degree of accuracy. As a result, the repeatability offered by all electric machines is second to none. No cooling required Unlike hydraulic injection moulding machines that run hot and require cooling, electrical injection moulding machines run cool by nature. There's no messy oil to change, no oil recycling costs and almost no risk to the environment or of fire Low heat emission Because they emit very little heat, all electric injection moulding machines are perfectly suited to sensitive environments such as clean rooms and temperature-controlled production facilities. Smart control for more speed and precision Fast controlled acceleration Offering CNC precision and through-put times that hydraulic machines can't match, all electric machines deliver wait-free faster processing and closed-loop control in real time. Higher precision Thanks to electrically driven axes, a servomotor on every axis, direct inertia-free control, separate parallel movements and high rigidity, all electric machines are ideally suited to producing high-precision parts. Parallel movements as standard Because each axis is equipped with a separate servo drive, FANUC all electric injection moulding machines come with parallel movements as standard. Offering huge flexibility, this makes it possible to run simultaneous processes such as metering during mould opening and ejection, injecting during mould closing and ejecting during mould opening. Precise pressure & plasticise control Ideally suited to low viscosity material such as LCP and PA, the precise digital pressure and plasticising control on all electric machines makes achieving extremely consistent part weights relatively straightforward, even when viscosities vary. More information on FANUC Roboshot How can we help you increase your productivity? Our specialists are looking forward to supporting you. Contact us


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By Colleen Long and Hannah Fingerhut | The Associated Press
June 23, 2020
WASHINGTON (AP) — Americans overwhelmingly want clear standards on when police officers may use force and consequences for officers who do so excessively, according to a new poll that finds nearly all Americans favor at least some level of change to the nation's criminal justice system.
The new poll from The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research also finds there is strong support for penalizing officers who engage in racially biased policing. Americans are more likely now than five years ago to say that police violence against the public is a very serious problem and that officers who cause injury or death on the job are treated too leniently.
"For me, as a Black person, I'm like, this has been happening," said Kevin Richardson, 38, of Charlotte, North Carolina. "We should've been knowing it, we should've been seeing this and so now what's happened is, I'll be honest, white people are seeing it and saying, 'This is wrong.'"
The survey of American adults took place after weeks of mass demonstrations against police violence and calls from some politicians and activists to "defund" departments in response to the death of George Floyd, a Black man who died in custody after a white Minneapolis officer pressed his knee into Floyd's neck for nearly eight minutes.
Americans are largely united behind the idea that action is required: 29% think the criminal justice system needs "a complete overhaul," 40% say it needs "major changes" and 25% say it needs "minor changes." Just 5% believe no changes are necessary.
Megan Pecknold, 33, of Spokane, Washington, said the protests have forced her to think about these issues in a way she had the luxury, as a white person, of previously ignoring.
"I had never really given much thought to police use of force. I'm white. I've never had a bad encounter with a police officer," she said. "The last few months have brought to light more of this for me, and now I am educating myself."
Nearly 6 in 10 Black Americans think the criminal justice system needs a complete overhaul, compared with about a quarter of white Americans who said the same. About 4 in 10 white Americans say major changes are needed; 3 in 10 prefer minor changes.
While Democrats are more likely than Republicans to think the system needs an overhaul, 44% to 12%, Americans across party lines are nearly unanimous in thinking at least some change is necessary. Another 44% of Democrats think major changes are necessary. Among Republicans, 34% call for major changes and 47% for minor changes.
The poll finds overwhelming support for changes in how police departments operate: requiring officers to wear body cameras, establishing clear standards for use of force, prosecuting officers who use excessive force and requiring officers to report misconduct by their peers.
Despite their popularity, body cameras have not always proved to be the fix reformers hoped. But Kimberly Jones, 52, of New York City, said they are at the top of her list.
"You need more seeing what's going on as they're pulling up on people," she said. "You need to know from the start so you can stop something bad from happening."
Majorities of Democrats and Republicans alike strongly support establishing clear standards for use of force, requiring officers to wear video cameras and requiring officers to report misconduct by their peers. There also is bipartisan support for prosecuting officers who use excessive force and penalizing officers for racially biased policing, though more Democrats than Republicans intensely favor these policies.
Brian Bernard, 54, a Republican and retired IT worker from Baton Rouge, Louisiana, said the bystander video of Floyd's death was like watching a "9-minute murder." But he said the problem is one of a bad cop, not a bad system. Banning chokeholds or requiring retraining won't make a bad officer better, he said.
"Democrats and liberals seem to have a problem of only fixing symptoms," he said. "They can never see the actual problem, and the problem is just a bad cop."
While chants of "defund the police" have become a rallying cry at some protests, the survey found that only 25% of Americans favor reducing law enforcement funding. Democrats are somewhat more likely to support than oppose doing so, 41% to 33%, while Republicans are overwhelming opposed.
Bob Haines, 75, a pilot from Oklahoma City who supports President Donald Trump, said he thinks police officers do an excellent job.
"Just like in my profession, most of us do a good job, but there are a few bad pilots," Haines said. "A couple of incidents have happened, and all of a sudden the sky's falling, you know?"
Democrats and Republicans divide on whether the justice system should reduce the focus on policing and prosecuting low-level offenses, with 63% of Democrats and 30% of Republicans in favor. Overall, Americans are more likely to be in favor than opposed, 46% to 25%.
To prevent police violence, most Americans also favor requiring all officers to participate in more extensive racial bias training. Majorities of Americans think that police are more likely to use deadly force against a Black person and that Black Americans are generally treated less fairly by police.
Pecknold, who favors moderate changes in the criminal justice system, said those changes should be targeted at chipping away at systemic racist behavior.
"I don't think Americans really understand how police are taught these tactics to begin with," she said. "Understanding the details more will help us make smarter changes."
AP writer Sean Murphy contributed to this report from Tulsa, Oklahoma.
The AP-NORC poll of 1,301 adults was conducted June 11-15 using a sample drawn from NORC's probability-based AmeriSpeak Panel, which is designed to be representative of the U.S. population. The margin of sampling error for all respondents is plus or minus 3.7 percentage points.
AP-NORC Center: http://www.apnorc.org/.


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From OpenWetWare
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- ACS Synthetic Biology - Rene
- Cell - Brendan
- Frontiers in Microbiotechnology – David
- Journal of Biological Engineering - Behzad
- Journal of Cell Biology - Behzad
- Molecular Biology of the Cell - David
- Molecular and Cellular Biology - Rene
- Nature - Brendan
- Nature Biotechnology - Ryan
- Nature Methods - Dr. Haynes
- Nature Molecular Systems Biology - Ryan
- Public Library of Science Biology (PLoS Biology) - Cameron
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - (orphaned)
- Science - Cameron
- Miscellaneous Reviews and Media - Dr. Haynes
INSTRUCTIONS: Please search for lab-relevant articles dated November 11, 2013 up to today.
Spring 2014, 05/08/2014
Use the following text format EXACTLY as it is shown below...
- (year) Title. Author One, Author Two, and Author Three et al. Journal. Volume:pages. Link.
Summary: Very short explanation of why this paper is relevant/ interesting. - (2011) Engineering a Photoactivated Caspase-7 for Rapid Induction of Apoptosis. Evan Mills, Xi Chen, Elizabeth Pham, Stanley Wong, and Kevin Truong et al. ACS Synthetic Biology, 1.3:75-82. Link.
Summary: A group from University of Toronto developed a protein that causes rapid apotosis (cell death) of targeted cells.
Open edit mode and copy the example list above. Do not erase the

 tags. Do not use keyboard line returns to space out the numbered list, or else each item will start with the number 1.
ACS Synthetic Biology
- (2013) A Computational Method for Automated Characterization of Genetic Components. Boyan Yordanov, Neil Dalchau, Paul K. Grant, et. al. ACS Synthetic Biology. ePub. Link
Summary: Developed a computational method for characterizing parts using Lux as an example. Could be used alongside experimental side of quorum sensing project. - (2014) Biological 2‑Input Decoder Circuit in Human Cells. Michael Guinn and Leonidas Bleris. ACS Synthetic Biology. ePub. Link
Summary: Early example of Boolean logic in human cells. - (2013) Rapidly Characterizing the Fast Dynamics of RNA Genetic Circuitry with Cell-Free Transcription−Translation (TX-TL) Systems. Melissa K. Takahashi, James Chappell, Clarmyra A. Hayes, et. al. ACS Synthetic Biology. ePub. Link
Summary: Publication from Cold Spring Harbor Synthetic Biology Course.
- Item
Frontiers in Microbiotechnology
- (2014) Impact of artifact removal on ChIP quality metrics in ChIP-seq and ChIP-exo data. Thomas Carroll, Ziwei Liang, and Rafik Salama et al. Frontiers in Genetics. 5:75. Link.
Summary: Interesting article on the effects of processing ChIP seq data on the metrics of ChIP-seq quality.
Journal of Biological Engineering
- (2014) Assembly of eukaryotic algal chromosomes in yeast. Bogumil Karas, Bhuvan Molparia, Jelena Jablanovic, et. al. Journal of Biological Engineering. 7:30. Link
Summary: Demonstrate yeast as an organism for assembling exogenous chromosomes. Expressed an algal chromosome in yeast. Did not mention methylation or chromatin structure. - (2013) Design and analysis of a tunable synchronized oscillator. Brendan Ryback, Dorett Odoni, Ruben van Heck, et. al. Journal of Biological Engineering. 7:26. Link
Summary: Example of using Lux system to build gene circuits. Built a synchronized transcriptional feedback loop using LuxI and LuxR. Used a positive feedback loop with plus pushing LuxI and negative feedback with an AHL lactonase.
Journal of Cell Biology
- None
Molecular Biology of the Cell
- (2014) An H3K9/S10 methyl-phospho switch modulates Polycomb and Pol II binding at repressed genes during differentiation. Pierangela Sabbattini, Marcela Sjoberg, and Svetlana Nikic et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 25:904-915. Link.
Summary: Identified a methyl-phospho switch at H3K9/S10 that increased binding of methyltransferase to H3K27 in embryonic stem cells. Identifies interesting methylation mark at H3K9me, which is a repressor. It is bound by Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1). - (2014) Transcription of the Geminin gene is regulated bya negative-feedback loop. Yoshinori Ohno, Keita Saeki, and Shin'ichiro Yasunga et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 25:1374-1383. Link.
Summary: Describes the process of a Gene called Geminin, which has the effect of enhancing trimethylation of H3K27. Found Geminin negatively regulated by inhibition of chromatin remodeling .
Molecular and Cellular Biology
- (2013) Elements of the Polycomb Repressor SU(Z)12 Needed for Histone H3-K27 Methylation, the Interface with E(Z), and In Vivo Function. Aswathy N. Rai, Marcus L. Vargas, Liangjun Wang, et. al. Molecular and cellular biology 33: 4844-56. Link
Summary: Identified function of a subdomain VEFS of SU(Z) in facilitating SU(Z)12-E(Z) assembly and PRC2 binding.
- Item
Nature Biotechnology
- (2014) Discovery of directional and nondirectional pioneer transcription factors by modeling DNase profile magnitude and shape. Richard I Sherwood, Tatsunori Hashimoto, and Charles W O'Donnel et al. Nature Biotech. 32:171-179. Link.
Summary: Researchers at Harvard have developed a technique known as "Protein Interaction Quantification" that can analyze genome-wide DNAse hypersensitivity data. This technique is a high-throughput version of CHIP-Seq that compares DNAse-seq data to a reference genome. Using machine-learning algorithms that factor the shape of all known transcription factors into the calculations, protein interaction quantification predicts the probability that a specific transcription factor occupies a specific section of the genome. This technique is directly relevant to the Haynes lab as a high-throughput method of probing changes in chromatin architecture.Commentary on the article: Link
Nature Methods
- (2014) CRISPR transcriptional repression devices and layered circuits in mammalian cells. Kiani S, Beal J, Ebrahimkhani MR, Huh J, Hall RN, Xie Z, Li Y, Weiss R. Nature Methods, E-pub ahead of print. Link.
Summary: The Weiss group at MIT designed CRISPR-based gene repressors and demonstrated that these could be used to build layered circuits (where the product of one gene controls the expression of another) in mammalian cells. Noteworthy: expression of guide RNAs from synthetic introns. - (2014) Efficient genome modification by CRISPR-Cas9 nickase with minimal off-target effects. Shen B, Zhang W, Zhang J, Zhou J, Wang J, Chen L, Wang L, Hodgkins A, Iyer V, Huang X, Skarnes WC. Nature Methods, 11:399-402. Link.
Summary: This group used nicking CRISPR to create mutations in mice (embryonic cells, used to create engineered mouse lines). Mutations were insertions and/or deletions (indels) of 22–138 bp.
Nature Molecular Systems Biology
- (2014) A chromatin structure‐based model accurately predicts DNA replication timing in human cells. Yevgeniy Gindin, Manuel S Valenzuela, and Mirit I Aladjem et al. Mol Syst Biol. 10:722. Link.
Summary: Researchers generated an in-silico, time-stochastic model that used chromatin structure data to predict DNA replication timing in human cells. The model rivaled repeated wet lab experiments.
Public Library of Science Biology (PLoS Biology)
- (2013) Polycomb Protein SCML2 Regulates the Cell Cycle by Binding and Modulating CDK/CYCLIN/p21 Complexes. Emilio Lecona, Luis Alejandro Rojas, Roberto Bonasio et al. Public Library of Science Biology (PLoS Biology). 11(12): e1001737: Link.
Summary: While most work with the Polycomb group of proteins has involved using chromatin modifications to influence the transcriptional status of cell cycle regulators, this study has discovered a transcription-independent function for human Polycomb group proteins in regulating the cell cycle (being the modulation of the progression of cells from G1 into S phase through interacting with p21 to repress CDK2/CYCE complexes during early G1; this does not interact with the Polycomb complex and highlights a relationship between Polycomb's cellular memory and cell-cycle machinery in mammals). The Haynes lab studies the involvement of Polycomb in maintaining chromatin silencing, so although this is not super relevant to our research, it was the most relevant thing I could find in PLoS and is interesting regardless. - (2013) Linking stochastic fluctuations in chromatin structure and gene expression. Brown CR, Mao C, Falkovskaia W, Jurica MS, Boeger H. Public Library of Science Biology (PLoS Biology) Link
Summary: Stochastic gene expression in yeast chromosomes.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Item
- (2014) A Cascade of Histone Modifications Induces Chromatin Condensation in Mitosis. Bryan J. Wilkins, Nils A. Rall1, Yogesh Ostwal et al. Science. 343:77-80. Link.
Summary: Examined the driving forces of chromatin hypercondensation during mitosis by inserting ultraviolet light inducible cross-linker amino acids in histone proteins of living yeast to trace interactions of proteins along the cell cycle. Found that H3 S10 phosphorylation leads to recruitment of the histone deacetylase Hst2p which removes an acetyl group from histone H4 lysine 16, allowsing the H4 tail to promote fiber condensation on the surface of neighboring nucleosomes. This series of reactions yields a condensin-independent driving force of chromatin hypercondenation during mitosis (where previously it was thought that metaphase chromosome condensation required the condensin complex to remain undisrupted). Although the chromatin marker being researched in this article is H3S10 rather than our marker of interest in the Haynes lab (H3K27me3) I thought the use of ultra violet light could be relevant to Branden's project (although I'm unsure of the details of his work so this may not be the case). - (2014) Total Synthesis of a Functional Designer Eukaryotic Chromosome. Narayana Annaluru, Héloïse Muller, Leslie A. Mitchell et al. Science. 344:55-58. Link.
Summary: Designer eukaryotic chromosome synthesized based on native Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome III. This chromosome is functional in S.cerevisiae. All nonessential genes were made to be flanked by loxPsym sites which enabled inducible evolution and genome reduction; this allows for direct evolutionary testing (e.g. max number of nonessential genes that can be modified or deleted without a catastrophic loss of fitness). This chromosome synthesis is a major and exciting step forward in synthetic biology. Authors postulate that it will soon be feasible to engineer new eukaryotic genomes with synthetic chromosomes encoding desired function and phenotypic properties. Another very exciting component of this breakthrough is that it was accomplished by undergraduate students, demonstrating the significant power of open sourced work and brain pooling. - (2013) Genetics Driving Epigenetics. Terrence S. Furey, Praveen Sethupathy. Science. 342:705-706. Link.
Summary: I don't think this article needs to be discussed in the meeting, however I thought it was a good (and very short) background on how DNA sequence variation influences epigentics through transcription factor modulated histone tail modificatons and epigenetic mechanisms in general. I would recommend lab members not already familiar with this topic to read it!
Miscellaneous Reviews and Media
- (2014) Programming biological operating systems: genome design, assembly and activation. Gibson DG. Nature Methods, 11:521-6. Link
Summary: REVIEW - Dan Gibson (inventor of Gibson Assembly) published a very nice review on genome building. - (2014) Principles of genetic circuit design. Brophy JA, Voigt CA. Nature Methods, 11:508-20. Link
Summary: REVIEW - A very nice review from the Voigt lab exploring the requirements and challenges of building genetic circuits. This review is important and timely because it emphasizes the "circuit-building" aspect of synthetic biology, which sets it apart from traditional genetic engineering.
- (2014) A Giant Leap for Synthetic Genes. Haynes Lab Blog, ASU. http://haynes.lab.asu.edu/uncategorized/a-giant-leap-for-synthetic-genes/


text:
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Creating commercial images for business clients, from the very small to the largest PLC, expressing brand values & proposition.
Creating commercial images for business clients, from the very small to the largest PLC, expressing brand values & proposition.
Capturing images of the workplace from office, engineering to processing plant for promotional use, training or health & safety.
Creating images of business events & conferences, sales functions, company presentations, training or demonstrations.
New builds, construction and architectural feature images from designers, architects, construction companies and manufactures.
Interior & lifestyle images for architects building companies & interior designers. Also for home furnishing manufacturers.
Working across the hospitality sector from hotels to restaurants, bars & pubs to artisan cafés & deli, cocktail lounges & whiskey bars.
A full product studio exits to handle all items from furniture to valuable jewellery, lifestyle as well as catalogue or 'clipped' images.
Creating images the length of the food chain and in hospitality for digital and print uses, menus, packaging & promotion.
We not only correct and enhance our own images - we do it for clients as well. Priced by the image for simple cost calculation.
YRSCommercial, a commercial product photographer and packaging (pack shot) specialist, complete with studio benches and backdrops to handle all sorts of product photography - large or small, high key or in lifestyle/set piece photography formats -we can quickly cope with high volume catalogue photography commissions as well as lower volumes. If you do not wish to send product off site, we can bring the studio to you and shoot on your premises.
Product Photographer Bridgnorth & Shropshire.
We provide clipping and masking services (providing white backgrounds for products), touching-up existing, as well as new images of any products, large or small complex or simple. For very high volume clipping (in excess of 500 items) we may use one of our trusted suppliers to clip images to the same standard as ourselves. Should we do this, we check all the images before getting them to you so quality is maintained at all times. We also do colour correction, enlargements, resizing for web use as well as print (dpi to 96), inset layering for multi views on a single image and PNG creation for transparent backgrounds.
Product Photography Bridgnorth, YRSCommercial.
We have an extremely wide client base that use us for product photography - high key cut out or lifestyle. They range from national retailers to small start up businesses. The product range they send to us is equally diverse from cosmetics and food additives through to the finest of food products, furniture, jewellery right through to fabrics and clothing. Much of our work is for the internet (but not exclusively) - websites selling products locally and internationally. For others we are creating product lifestyle images and advertising images to sell products in magazines, editorials and of course the internet! So, we can honestly say our customer base is as wide as their product portfolio!
YRSCommercial, product photographer Bridgnorth.
Many of the online platforms now stipulate specific mechanics when it comes to images. By mechanics we mean how the images is created, the margin of white space around the object, the style of the lifestyle components in the image or simply the information on the image you can show. The list of criteria is getting quite complex and to be honest diverse depending upon the online platform. So, when you come to us for product photography you can be assured we already have the criteria in place through our workflow process or if we are in doubt, find it out for you. This means when you get images for any of your retail platforms they are easy to upload and meet the standards set by the platform - so no hassle!
Many of our product clients who order hi key images from us, also ask us to shoot what we term 'lifestyle' images - showing the product in use, selling its value proposition or brand promise. More creative than hi-key images these are about selling the value of the product and we use props, backgrounds and lighting to create these images beyond the traditional white background style. So we establish a strong brief, get to understand the product and its uses and then develop the images and shoot in the studio.
We are lucky to have created a very large props store. It started with our food photography side to the studio. However, with more an more product shoots over the years we seem to have a little bit of everything in there from nappies for baby and maternity lifestyle shoots, sports props for massage products and of course sports products, specialist props for Asian products, mannequins for clothing and household items galore for home and garden products.
Yes, much of the product we shoot is small - it's shipped to us via post or courier. But we do also get asked to shoot larger items here in the studio - sofas, fine dining tables, engineering products and machines. On such occasions we bring the studio to the client - lighting, backdrops to isolate the item etc. Again like with the set-piece images - we work a brief out first, visiting your business to do an on-site inspection for space, lighting and of course understand the item, its shape and how it will be used. This then lets us propose clear ideas and scamps for you to work alongside with..
Our product photography packages are based on a simple image count pricing policy: 1-10, 11-25, 25-50 and 50 plus packages. Product volumes of less than 20 items incur a studio set up fee - but we try to keep this to a minimum. The studio has its own secure safe house and is 24 hour CCTV monitored, so if your products are of a jewellery nature or is a prototype, they will always remain safe with us.
Using these facilities we offer product photography services to manufacturers and retailers across the UK, as many ship their products to us via couriers, these being later returned under secure delivery.
YRSCommercial. Product Photographer Bridgnorth.


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I have sold a property at 17 32849 EGGLESTONE AVE in Mission.
Nothing left to do but move in! Welcome to Cedar Valley Townhomes. A gated, family friendly complex, where units rarely come available. This home features a popular 2 storey style layout with access to the large patio and yard right off the dining room. The main floor has an open concept design and boasts fresh paint, new laminate flooring, some newer stainless steel appliances and a gas fireplace. There's a gas hookup behind the stove if you prefer natural gas. Upstairs you'll find all the bedrooms are oversized with the laundry conveniently placed between the rooms. The large master features a full bathroom & good sized WIC. Other key features of this home are a large crawl for extra storage, newer hot water tank and central AC just in time for summer! RV parking also available.