text:
A few months ago, my colleague wrote about accelerating adoption of Office 365 and the importance of security for cloud-based applications. His posts underscored the need for a secure, centralized identity and access solution that can scale seamlessly and interact with existing multi-factor authentication (MFA) while not increasing infrastructure sprawl or total cost of ownership (TCO).
I now want to dive into a solution that delivers on these requirements – an infinitely scalable identity and access solution for Office 365 that secures and centrally manages user identity and access, works with deployed authentication mechanisms (particularly multi-factor authentication (MFA) and security offerings), and consolidates infrastructure and lowers TCO. This solution – F5's BIG-IP Access Policy Manager (APM) – delivers identity federation, flexible single sign-on (SSO), and adaptive, context-based authentication and access control for Office 365, as well as any other cloud-based or on-premises application.
F5 BIG-IP APM addresses a wide array of Office 365 use cases. Should an organization deploy Office 365, but maintain control over their user email boxes on-premises, BIG-IP APM can enable their users to enjoy single sign-on (SSO) with their Office 365 applications, while at the same time ensuring they have the appropriate authentication to their local, on-premises mailbox. BIG-IP APM simplifies the user experience via SSO to on-premises email and Office 365 applications while ensuring users and their devices attempting to access Office 365 applications are authorized to do so.
If an organization deploys Office 365, including Exchange Online, with BIG-IP APM, their users can add SSO to their Office 365 applications and hosted mailboxes. BIG-IP APM alleviates the need for the organization to move their user credentials – the company's crown jewels – to the cloud. This lowers costs and mitigates the risk of an organization's user credentials being lost or stolen in a cloud breach.
Should an organization deploy Office 365 and use federated identity for authentication, the credentials of their users connecting over ActiveSync are handled in clear text within Azure cloud as part of the Active authentication flow necessary for the ActiveSync protocol, thus raising the risk of inadvertently exposing them. However, if the organization were to deploy F5 BIG-IP APM, it will encrypt user credentials before forwarding on to Office 365. In addition, BIG-IP APM can integrate with existing multi-factor authentication (MFA) and SAML identity providers (IdP) to increase access security and further mitigate risk.
BIG-IP APM also secures Office 365 access from malicious or rogue mobile devices. It enables organizations to restrict mobile user and device access to only those devices that are authenticated by their enterprise mobility management (EMM) system. BIG-IP APM also enables per-app access, integrating with most leading, already-deployed EMM and mobile device management (MDM) offerings. BIG-IP APM also allows customers to take advantage of F5's additional security capabilities, including SSL visibility, which provides a view into and control over data managed in Office 365 through integration with leading data leak prevention (DLP) solutions.
BIG-IP APM helps organizations save time and expense by replacing Windows Proxy Autodiscovery Protocol (WPAD) and augmenting or replacing Windows Active Directory Federation Service (ADFS). ADFS makes dynamic scale difficult and costly because of the requirement of multiple, redundant servers and load balancing functionality. While ADFS has difficulty integrating with a full range of MFA solutions, BIG-IP APM has a robust MFA ecosystem. APM is the most scalable access solution available – with the ability to scale to over 2,000,000 sessions with its largest chassis and blade combination.
F5 and Microsoft have been partnering for years. F5 has been working with Office 365 and federating users to Office 365 for over five years. And, Microsoft officially supports third-party SAML providers, stating in their product material, "Third party SAML Providers are supported with Modern Auth Office 365 clients without having the need to validate them with the Works with Office 365 program."
By now you may see a common theme: With BIG-IP APM running in front of Office 365 you get access to Microsoft's great productivity applications without compromising security or policy. Organizations with Office 365, whether completely in the cloud or in a hybrid manner, need a secure, centralized, scalable identity and access solution that leverages their existing, in-use authentication and security measures, but that also doesn't waste resources or increase expenses. F5's BIG-IP APM is that solution, and more.
Check out all the latest news and blog updates on securing your data and your credentials when deploying Office 365.


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Have I mentioned that the recent 'Triffids and friends' gig was FREAKIN' AWESOME!!
This is a nice story from JUKE magazine feb 1985
One of the highlights for the recent gig was to finally see Rob Snarski stamp his cuban heels on stage...had to track down this old recovery clip from 1995..Blackeyed susans singing "smoking Johnny Cash"..really wtf does that mean?? codeword for summin?.. poor Johhny..r.i.p.
drummer looks familiar .. . .

subset: commoncrawl


text:
As director Brad Raimondo notes at the top of this interview, there are stories from history that just seem to stick with you. It was because the story of the Christmas Truce of 1914 wouldn't leave him or playwright Ricardo Pérez González alone that The Dreamscape Theatre developed In Fields Where They Lay, currently playing at The New Ohio.
But you're definitely not going to the theatre for a history lesson—this is a beautifully-told story that resonates in a powerful way, especially at the holiday season of this particular moment in time (one hundred years on from the Christmas depicted in the play).
Listen in as Brad & actor Spencer Davis Milford discuss starting at the ending and building the play from there, propaganda, a long incubation, and how to tell an epic story on a human scale.
Oh, and your interviewer has a moment of realization about the origin of Tom & Jerry.
"I think all of us have, at one point or another, had a moment where we've really felt like 'this is the right time to be working on telling a story about a group of armed men in uniforms, deciding to put their guns down for a little while, and think about who the people are on the other side'…"
Podcast: Play in new window | Download
Subscribe: RSS


text:
NEW YORK (AP) — February is usually the peak of flu season, but not this year. Health officials say flu cases and hospitalizations have been at their lowest levels in decades.
Nationally, "this is the lowest flu season we've had on record," according to a surveillance system that is about 25 years old, said Lynnette Brammer of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Experts say that measuresput in place to fend off the coronavirus — mask wearing, social distancing and virtual schooling — were a big factor in preventing a "twindemic" of flu and COVID-19. A push to get more people vaccinated against flu probably helped, too, as did fewer people traveling, they say.
Some think it's also possible that the coronavirus has essentially muscled aside not only flu, but also some other bugs usually seen in the fall and winter.
More than 190 million flu vaccine doses were distributed this season, but the number of infections is so low that it's difficult for CDC to do its annual calculation of how well the vaccine is working, Brammer said. There's simply not enough data, she said.
That also is challenging the planning of next season's flu vaccine. Such work usually starts with checking which flu strains are circulating around the world and predicting which of them will likely predominate in the year ahead.
"But there's not a lot of (flu) viruses to look at," Brammer said.


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David Rakoff recently appeared on The Bat Segundo Show #362. Mr. Rakoff is most recently the author of Half-Empty. He previously appeared on The Bat Segundo Show #167 and The Bat Segundo Show #168.
Listen: Play in new window | Download
PROGRAM NOTE: This show contains many unusual moments: the unanswered phone calls ringing in Mr. Rakoff's apartment, the race to the Internet to look up the word "vitiate," the efforts by both gentlemen to assign various forms of depression and optimism to each other, the common counting mistakes (listen carefully to the intro), and Mr. Rakoff opening up a window. Since these flubs and quirks are presented here unadorned for the listener, we must offer at least one correction. Our Correspondent mangles a George Bernard Shaw late into the conversation. The correct quote is "The real moment of success is not the moment apparent to the crowd," and comes from Caesar and Cleopatra.
Condition of Mr. Segundo: Confusing threes, fours, and fives.
Author: David Rakoff
Subjects Discussed: [List forthcoming]
Correspondent: You just mentioned that you will not delve into certain aspects of your life in writing these essays.
Rakoff: For the most part.
Correspondent: For the most part. This leads me to wonder about "Shrimp." The essay in which, as a child, you report that you have a desire to have a fast track to adulthood. This led me to wonder if you had even really attempted to view this from the reverse vantage point. Of you as an adult reporting back to David Rakoff the child, "Okay. Here's what it's all about. It's perfectly okay." You say you have a happy childhood. But you also have this longing to become an adult very, very rapidly.
Rakoff: Yes.
Correspondent: As a quick rung up the ladder. That's just not the way life works. Why view it from this linear quality? This is interesting because you are often very digressive in your essays.
Rakoff: Yes.
Correspondent: Which is why I like them. But from this vantage point, from childhood to adulthood, you're looking at only in one direction and not really the reverse. I'm curious why that was. Or if you have made attempts to look at it the other way. Or is that where the essay "Isn't It Romantic?" comes into play? Is that you — okay, here's the adult looking back to being a child.
Rakoff: Wow.
Correspondent: Just to throw some things at you.
Rakoff: Okay, let me see if I can parse this into something resembling an answer. Part of the reason that I don't look back — or, you know, look in reverse — is twofold. I'm really not kidding when I said I didn't enjoy being a child. So I don't really adore remembering that. I'm not comfortable with who I was. I'm a little embarrassed with who I was. So I don't spend a lot of time looking back. And also because I don't generally try to mine my own life. It feels a little — I'm still not entirely comfortable with what seemed to be a certain sort of self-mythologizing aspects I'm not just comfortable using the details of my life. Although it's a somewhat waffling response. Because this particular book is full of details about my life and things that are quite personal, I suppose.
Correspondent: And possibly the most personal of the three books.
Rakoff: Oh, undoubtedly the most personal of the three books. Yes, absolutely. But in terms of the forward-looking thing, there is that anxiety that marks whatever phase you're at. And I think it's an anxiety that marks life in general. Which is: Everything takes longer than you hope it's going to. Everything. Everything has to gestate. Whether it's work, whether it's creativity, whether it's just having people in the world knowing who you are and therefore throw work your way. It's always, "Everything takes longer." Certain recipes, where the congealing of albumen in an egg where you apply heat, you know, that takes the number of minutes that it takes. Everything takes longer than they say it's going to take. It's going to take years. To pay your dues. To get out of a job. Whatever. So it's that source of tension. Which is that nobody wants to wait that long. Nobody wants to put in the time. And everybody hopes to be ushered past the velvet ropes or somehow upgraded on the great flight. To business class without having deserved it in any way. That's a constant tension. Not just among me, but I think among every person alive. And every child wants to be suddenly older.
I suppose both essays are an attempt to both make sense of that and also to — if they are speaking to those younger people, to say, "It will be okay. This period shall pass." And you will look back upon it not fondly. Because that would just be a little nostalgic and kind of unrealistic. But at least with some kind of peace. And I no longer quite begrudge myself those feelings, embarrassing though they may have been — you know.
Correspondent: But not wanting to look back. I'm wondering if this is one of the reasons why your sentences — and even more so with this book — are so ornate and modifier heavy and very phrase happy.
Rakoff: I am phrase happy. That's a lovely expression! I've never heard of it.
Correspondent: Well, it's one that just occurred to me.
Rakoff: It's so good.
Correspondent: But if this almost serves as a kind of insulating mechanism, so that if you are going back to your self, you're doing so in such an idiosyncratic way as to not direct kind of…
Rakoff: Oh, that's interesting!
Correspondent: Putting your nib into your vein and letting the blood flood onto the page, which is what's often said about writing.
Rakoff: Yes, it's true. I guess though that being phrase happy is just inevitable. It's the way that one moves through the world. You know, it's the way that one looks at things. It's the way that one speaks about things. Or rather the way I speak about things. You know, conversation and talking is my favorite thing. It's my meat. So "phrase happy" is inevitable. It's interesting to me that you would maybe see it as a kind of mediating or obfuscating screen. Because I see it as the opposite. As a way of actually getting at the exact nature of something. Because a reluctance to look back is not the same thing as not looking back. One cannot help but look back. But you know, it's inevitable. And it's not really in my control. So insomuch as I've chosen to in certain places, the best I can hope to do is to do so in an accurate and evocative manner. So that someone that I've taken along with me (i.e., the reader) will feel like, "Oh, I get what you mean." That seems very vivid to me and I completely understand what kind of house this was, what kind of experience this was, or something. But, no, I don't think of the barrage. You know, that huge wave of verbal diarrhea — which is the way I both speak and write –as being a mediating factor. I think of them as being closer to the nib in the vein.
Correspondent: Well, I think maybe it could be both. Words can both insulate and also be the telltale indicator to the reader, "Hey, if you want to go down my journey with me, you're going to have to wend through my conscious patterns." You know?
Rakoff: Sure.
Correspondent: And I don't think that's necessarily a bad thing. It's just the way that you are introspective on the page perhaps.
Rakoff: Precisely. And in life. I'm not one of those minimal guy speakers or writers.
Correspondent: Yeah.
Rakoff: I like words. It's just like having a lot of spices in my kitchen. It's just that I like having access to all that stuff.
Correspondent: Well, this also leads me to wonder — because you did bring up words in "A Capacity for Wonder." You report your concern for bad neologisms. Particularly those that are muffed on lexical blending. Words like "innovention."
Rakoff: Oh yeah.
Correspondent: Or "snackitizer."
Rakoff: (laughs)
Correspondent:Or "appeteaser." In your words, "It makes one suspicious, wondering about the ways in which the object in question is found so wanting, so insufficiently innovative or lacking in invention to warrant this linguistic boost." I'm wondering. Do you greet all words — all language — with some level of skepticism or suspicion? What does it take for you to trust a word?
Rakoff: Oh! What does it take for me to trust a word? First of all, I have to know what it means.
Correspondent: (laughs)
Rakoff: And there are a lot of words — that as often as I pack my ear with them and look them up all the time — I can't get them. I've even said this in an interview. There was one word. "Vitiate."
Correspondent: It was our interview! We talked about "vitiate" last time!
Rakoff: Yes! And then I even — I've still not gotten "vitiate" — and I've said it again in another interview with somebody else!
Correspondent: Yes!
Rakoff: Because I still can't get it into my head.
Correspondent: To wither or to dry.
Rakoff: It means to either strengthen or weaken an argument. Which one does it mean?
Correspondent: No. I thought "vitiate" means to —
Rakoff: Strengthen?
Correspondent: To dry. Like…
Rakoff: No.
Correspondent: No, no, no! Because you're vitiated! Your energy forces are…
Rakoff: No, it means to either strengthen an argument or weaken an argument. One vitiates one's argument.
Correspondent: Oh, in rhetoric, that is.
Rakoff: I don't know. In the dictionary. Should I look it up?
Correspondent: We may as well. Because….
Rakoff: All my stuff is in storage.
Correspondent: Wait, I could do it.
Rakoff: (moves off microphone to computer) Wait, I can do it right here. On the Internet.
Correspondent: I was going to suggest. I've got a netbook on me too.
Rakoff: Generally, I use a — is this picking up on the tape, you think?
Correspondent: We could — yeah, I think it's going to pick up. I can boost it or something like this. We'll get this moment or I'll — I thought it was "to wither."
Rakoff: (still faint, on computer) No, I don't think so. Vitiate.
(Phone rings.)
Correspondent: Yeah. To impair the quality. To make faulty. Spoil. To repair or weaken.
Rakoff: Revert.
Correspondent: Yeah, yeah, yeah!
Rakoff: Interesting.
Correspondent: Well, do you want to answer? (indicates phone) Because I can stop.
Rakoff: No, no, no. I'll let the machine pick up.
(Rakoff returns to mike.)
Correspondent: Anyway, now that we have used the Internet to confirm what this word is.
Rakoff: Yeah.
Correspondent: Both of us are coming at it slightly wrong. I drew my attention to the weakening aspect of the word and you drew your attention to the rhetorical quality of the word.
Rakoff: Yeah. To ruin one's argument.
Correspondent: Yes.
Rakoff: So it's the same.
Correspondent: We had the same idea. We're close. But both of us are imprecise. I don't know what that says about us or the word.
Rakoff: I think we are close. I think we both get the word. But it's funny that we — Jesus, even five years later.
(Image: Kris Krug)
The Bat Segundo Show #362: David Rakoff II (Download MP3)


text:
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Natural / 130mm/130mm | 08021890569868 | CSG5LL0A16015 | BRO38934369M |


text:
Can You Guess the Celebrity Cleavage?
Today's celebrity cleavage belongs to a 21-year-old British singer-songwriter and actress who popped out of her momma somewhere in the country formerly known as Yugoslavia before moving to live with her family in the United Kingdom.
She grew up in West London where she started singing at a very early age, eventually graduating from Sylvia Young Theatre School, followed by the St. Charles Catholic Sixth Form College.
In 2004, she appeared in the British film 'Spivs' before auditioning for BBC One's 'Eurovision: Your Country Needs You' to be the British contestant for the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest. After only appearing on few episodes, she withdrew from the competition because she did not feel she was ready.
In an attempt to get ready, she began singing in bars in an around London, as well as making some musical appearances on tracks featuring Craig David and Tinchy Stryder.


text:
IM 26: Redline Smalltalk at StS 2011
Welcome to episode 26 of Independent Misinterpretations - a Smalltalk and dynamic language oriented podcast with James Robertson, Michael Lucas-Smith, and David Buck. This week's podcast was recorded at Smalltalk Solutions 2011 - it's James Ladd and Sean T Allen talking about Redline Smalltalk. If you would prefer to watch the video, scroll down to the embed.
You can subscribe to the podcast in iTunes (or any other podcatching software) using this feed directly or in iTunes with this one.
To listen now, you can either download the mp3 edition, or the AAC edition. The AAC edition comes with chapter markers. You can subscribe to either edition of the podcast directly in iTunes; just search for Smalltalk and look in the Podcast results. You can subscribe to the mp3 edition directly using this feed, or the AAC edition using this feed using any podcatching software. You can also download the podcast in ogg format.
If you like the music we use, please visit Josh Woodward's site. We use the song Troublemaker for our intro/outro music. I'm sure he'd appreciate your support!
If you have feedback, send it to email@example.com - or visit us on Facebook - you can subscribe in iTunes using this iTunes enabled feed.. If you enjoy the podcast, pass the word - we would love to have more people hear about Smalltalk!
Redline Smalltalk: The Journey So Far from Smalltalk Industry Council on Vimeo.
[im26.mp3 ( Size: 12297825 )]


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I would like to create a custom search form to search posts based on the values of about 4 custom fields. I tried using wp_query to achieve this but so far my biggest problem is that the I don't get any results when searching for data in custom fields - even for data that I am sure exists. Also, I can't figure out how to remove the normal WordPress "keyword" search box and use just my four combo boxes.
Here is the code from my search.php file: http://pastie.org/private/jhgsmaolvjyswyhsfphlfa
and here's the code from my searchform.php: pastie.org/private/o3hrtqajh8hbkiht1nyoba
Here is an image of the form layout: https://i.sstatic.net/N8ncg.png


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Welcome to the Craftin' and Stampin' Crew
Blog Hop!
Myself and some other Craftin' and Stampin' Crew members decided we wanted to share some of our creations on a monthly basis with the monthly featured paper collections.
This hop will be featuring the September Featured paper from
Close To My Heart called Jeepers Creepers!
Our team has put together TONS of amazing inspiration to help you get crafty with this AMAZING paper packet and coordinating pieces!!
If you are interested in purchasing any of the items you see on my projects today, be sure to stop by my online STORE and pick it up before its gone!
I sure hope my projects helped to get your mojo going and YOU are excited to work with the Jeepers Creepers Kit!
I am also giving away an Artistry Cricut Collection on my blog.
Check out my post HERE to find out how to enter.
Up next is Angela!
If you loose your way along this hop, please see the line up below:


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Updated every weekday at 10am, MusicRadar Daily is our regular serving of the most popular features, weirdest gear, coolest blogs, hottest videos and all-round coolest music-making links from around the net, as found by the team and the MusicRadar community. Submit your links here.
MusicRadar Daily - 26 October 2009
German musicians sue YouTube, their own fans
(From TechRadar via tomporter)
Compact foot controller mod: Korg nanoKey for your feet
(From Create Digital Music via tomporter)
Noel Gallagher confirms solo career plan
(From NME via tomporter)
U2 disappointed by 'No Line' only going platinum once
(From Spinner via tomporter)
Let the Arcade Fire 2010 rumour mill begin
(From Stereogum via tomporter)
5 decent bands named after Star Wars terminology
(From Digg via tomporter)
How to submit a link
MusicRadar Daily gives you the chance to post links to the most interesting and popular music-making features, articles and videos you find on the net. We can't promise to feature every submission, but we will be updating this page every day with your suggestions, along with those of the team.
Submit your links here via the MusicRadar forum - just open a new post, submit your tip and we'll take a look!


text:
Sponsored by
Newton Tony C of E Primary School
We want to hear all about your school run...
Did you know the school run happens 390 times a year? It's a big part of daily family life as well as a big chunk of the UK's carbon emissions - 2.5 million tonnes to be precise.
We're trying to help schools achieve a net zero school run and we want to know how children feel about it….
Ask your child to draw a picture of their school run or write a poem about it. It could be a map of their route, a friend they travel with or some of the weird and wonderful things they see along the way!
Then, post a photo of their masterpiece on your school's HomeRun notices feed for a chance to win some fantastic prizes and have the creative work feature on our website.
Great Prizes
Worth Prizes
The Prizes!
Esso is giving away an e-Bike to the winner, and £1000's worth of active wear vouchers for the runners-up - every school has £200 worth of prizes!
1st Prize Winner
An e-Bike!
2nd Prize Winners
A lucky winner from each school will win £100 of active wear vouchers.
3rd Prize Winners
Two runners up from each school will win £50 of active wear vouchers.
The entries will be judged by our HomeRun team and the winning artworks will feature on our website.
How to enter?
Ask your child to draw a picture of their school run, or write a poem about it. Take a photo of it and post the entry onto your school's HomeRun notices feed.
Put "School Run Fun" as the title of your post.
Remember to keep the original creative in case you are a lucky winner!
Then keep checking your HomeRun notices feed for the winning announcements.
If you have your school's HomeRun app already
– get drawing, you are ready to go!
One entry per person. All entries must be submitted before 30th June. Read our full prize draw terms and conditions. Click here
School winners… PTAs listen up!
Three schools will WIN £2,000 for their PTA to spend on greening, sustainable travel or sports activities.
The more the merrier!
£2,000 will be awarded for the most competition entries from a school.
Small is beautiful!
Don't be put off if you are a small school, we have TWO prizes of £2,000 for the two schools with the highest percentage of entries, based on how many pupils there are in the school. This way all schools have a great chance of winning!
When are the Winners announced?
Winners will be notified by email, announced on our school HomeRun feeds, and on our Twitter @HomeRunteam - so keep a look out!
Submit my entry
If you are already signed up to HomeRun – just open your app here
and get posting on your school notices feed.


text:
Basic Search Stone Collection: Volume 15 - Item 15 | Advanced Search | Online Archives | Help | ||||||||||||
15. Fifty-Eighth Annual Report of the Colored Home and Hospital, East 141st Street and Concord Avenue, 1897-98 (New York: Knickerbocker Press, [1898?]). (26 p.)
Annual report as described by the title. The home and hospital moved into a new building during the year and had established a training school for nurses. The report contains data on hospital admissions, diseases, and deaths. A list of rules and regulations for visitors and patients appear on the last page. Among other regulations, visitors could not bring alcohol when they visited and patients had take a bath at least once a week, unless excused by the physician.


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Following are various diagnostic tests and treatments that moms with thyroid problems might encounter. The information summarized below is only a general overview. For detailed information, please review the references listed below with your health care provider.
Thyroid screen
This is a blood test that checks thyroid function. Blood tests are compatible with breastfeeding. Tests may include:
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- TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone, produced by the pituitary gland)
- total T4 (thyroxine, a thyroid hormone) and/or free T4
- total T3 (triiodothyronine, a thyroid hormone) and/or free T3
- Thyroid Binding Globulin (TBG)
- Thyroid Stimulating Antibodies (TSAb)
- Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulin (TSI)
Thyroid medications
- levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levoxyl) synthetic T4 hormone (1)
- liothyronine (Cytomel) synthetic T3 hormone
- combination of T3 & T4 (Thyrolar/Liotrix, Armour Thyroid)
Info on selected thyroid meds
Name of medication
Notes | |
Levothyroxine (T4) |
L1 (safest)
(1) | |
Liothyronine (T3) |
L2 (safer)
(2) | |
** Per Medications' and Mothers' Milk by Thomas Hale, PhD (2014 edition). |
(1) "Most studies indicate that minimal levels of maternal thyroid are transferred into human milk, and further, that the amount secreted in extremely low and insufficient to protect a hypothyroid infant even when nursing… it is generally recognized that some thyroxine will transfer but the amount will be extremely low… (Hale 2014, p. 649-50)
(2) "From these studies it is apparent that only exceedingly low levels of T3 are secreted into human milk and are insufficient to protect an infant from hypothyroidism. (Hale 2014, p. 657-58)
Anti-thyroid medications
- carbimazole (Neo-Mercazole)
- methimazole (Tapazole)
- propylthiouracil (PTU)
Info on selected anti-thyroid meds
Name of medication
Notes | |
carbimazole (Neo-Mercazole) | L2 (safer) | (1) | |
methimazole (Tapazole) | L2 (safer) | (2) | |
propylthiouracil (PTU) | L2 (safer) | (3) | |
** Per Medications' and Mothers' Milk by Thomas Hale, PhD (2014 edition). |
(1) "Carbimazole is a prodrug and is rapidly converted to methimazole." (Hale 2014, p. 723-24)
(2) Levels of methimazole in milk depend on the maternal dose but appear too low to produce clinical effects." (Hale 2014, p. 723-24)
(3) "Only small amounts are secreted into breastmilk. Reports thus far suggest that levels absorbed by infant are too low to produce side effects… No changes in infant thyroid have been reported… PTU is the best of antithyroid medications for use in lactating mothers. Monitor infant thyroid function (T4, TSH) carefully during therapy." (Hale 2014, p. 920)
I'm not hyperthyroid myself, but my sister was diagnosed with Grave's disease after her first child was born. She breastfed her children while taking anti-thyroid meds for her hyperthyroidism.
Other medications
Some moms with hyperthyroidism are also prescribed beta-blockers (such as Propranolol/Inderal) or calcium channel blockers to relieve the neurological and cardiovascular symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Many of these drugs (including Propranolol/Inderal) are considered to be acceptable for use in breastfeeding mothers.
Ultrasound is compatible with breastfeeding.
Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy
This procedure is compatible with breastfeeding.
You don't need to stop nursing for a fine needle biopsy. It's a bit scary to think of (at least it was for me!), but it doesn't really hurt at all (about like having blood drawn from your arm) and it just takes a few minutes. I've had 2 fine needle biopsies and the second was so much easier since I know what to expect.
In this surgery, all or part of the thyroid is removed. Mom can resume breastfeeding as soon after the surgery as she feels up to holding baby.
See also Breastfeeding when mom has surgery.
I had thyroid surgery (a partial thyroidectomy for what turned out to be a benign cold nodule) about a year before my daughter was born, so I was not breastfeeding at the time. As I recall, I was really uncomfortable the day of the surgery, but it got better pretty quickly after that. My neck muscles were sore for weeks – it might take a little creative positioning to help you to breastfeed comfortably. You might want to take a nursing pillow to the hospital to raise baby up so you can see her without moving your head as much, etc. Nursing while lying down might help, too.
I also urge you to nurse right before the surgery and as soon afterwards as you feel you can. Ask your doctor how you can expect to be feeling after surgery. I recall feeling really rotten the first day, but I think I could have nursed just fine as long as someone brought the baby to me. Your milk supply could go down a bit if you miss any nursings, so try to pump if you miss any feedings.
One thing I was worried about with thyroid surgery was the scar… in my case, it was pretty difficult to see after about 6 months (my surgeon said to give it a year), and now (4 years later) I cannot find the scar at all.
Thyroid Scan
This scan can be done using radioactive iodine (I-131 or I-123) or technetium-99m pertechnetate. This test requires temporary weaning for a minimum of 12 hours, depending upon the isotope used (see below). Many times, this test can be skipped and a fine needle aspiration biopsy done instead (which does not require an interruption of breastfeeding).
Technetium-99m has a very short half-life (6.02 hours, compared to 8.1 days for I-131). The amount of time suggested for suspending breastfeeding varies depending on the dosage and form of the isotope (there are many forms of Tc-99m). For some tests, breastfeeding can be resumed immediately; for others it is recommended to suspend breastfeeding for amounts of time varying from 6 hours to 48 hours. See the NRC Table for additional guidance.
I-123 has a half-life of 13.2 hours, and is available in several forms. For one of the forms of the isotope, Hale suggests suspending breastfeeding for 12-24 hours, depending upon the dose, but a couple of other forms/dosages do not require suspension of breastfeeding.
I-131 concentrates in breastmilk and high levels in breastmilk can suppress baby's thyroid function (or even destroy the thyroid) and increase risk of thyroid cancer. Therefore it is important that breastfeeding be discontinued until breastmilk levels are safe (this depends upon the dose and ranges from 8 days to 106+ days). The half-life for I-131 is 8.1 days. Hale recommends that when I-131 is used, breastmilk samples should be tested with a gamma (radiation) counter before breastfeeding is resumed to ensure that radiation in the milk has returned to safe levels. Lactation Risk Category is L4 (possibly hazardous).
Important note: If you do suspend breastfeeding due to use of radioactive isotopes, it is important to pump regularly during this time. See also Maintaining milk supply when baby is not nursing. You do not need to dump this milk. It can be dated, frozen and used after 5+ half-lives of the radioisotope have passed (after 5 half-lives, 96.9% of the radiation is gone; after 10 half-lives, 99.9% of the radiation is gone). You may also get the milk checked for radiation by your nuclear medicine department.
Reference: Hale, 2002, p. 365-367, 675-676, 689-690. See also Use of Radioisotopes during Lactation.
Radioactive iodine (RAI) Uptake Scan
This scan is done using radioactive iodine (I-131), and is usually done at the same time as a thyroid scan. See the info above on thyroid scans using I-131.
See also Use of Radioisotopes during Lactation.
The type of thyroid scan I had was a radioactive iodine uptake & thyroid scan. I had to drink some radioactive iodine, then come back later in the day to have the scan (like a x-ray). I was not nursing at the time.
For nursing moms, there are usually other diagnostic procedures that can be done instead of a scan, for example, blood tests, ultrasound, and/or fine needle biopsy. The second time I needed diagnostic procedures, my doctor skipped the scan and just did a fine needle biopsy.
Radioactive iodine treatment (RAI)
This treatment is done using radioactive iodine (I-131), but in much larger doses than used for a diagnostic scan. Its purpose is to partially or completely destroy the thyroid. It is recommended that the mother discontinue breastfeeding several days to weeks before this therapy, and pump and dump milk for several weeks after therapy to reduce exposure of the breast tissue to radiation. The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission recommends complete weaning after I-131 is used therapeutically.
See also Use of Radioisotopes during Lactation.


text:
Baba Booey! It is hard to believe, but the term made famous on the Howard Stern Show is now 25 years old. Has that much time really passed? Wow! Howard Stern and SiriusXM have announced "Booey 25," an extensive special celebrating the 25th anniversary of "Baba Booey." The specials will air on Howard Stern's exclusive SiriusXM channels Howard 100 and Howard 101.
Internationally known as a crowd shout-out at golf tournaments, during TV news live shots, as a tribute to Howard Stern in scripted TV shows, and more, the name "Baba Booey" started as a simple mistake. In the summer of 1990, on the Howard Stern Show, producer Gary Dell'Abate mis-named cartoon character Baba Looey as "Baba Booey" and has been hilariously taunted for it for 25 years and counting, by Stern, his staff, celebrities and fans.
The radio event will feature audio of the name's first utterance, then 25 years of now-legendary Baba Booey and Gary Dell'Abate moments from the Howard Stern Show. "Booey 25" will also track the name's infusion into popular culture.
"Booey 25" will air on Howard 101. The broadcasts will also be available through the SiriusXM App on smartphones and other connected devices, as well as online at siriusxm.com. The entire special will be available on SiriusXM On Demand through the SiriusXM App for smartphones and other mobile devices and online at siriusxm.com. For more broadcast info, please visit siriusxm.com and howardstern.com.


text:
March 21, 2007
Federal Regulators Seek Public Comment on Model Privacy Notice
- Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
- Commodity Futures Trading Commission
- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
- Federal Trade Commission
- National Credit Union Administration
- Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
- Office of Thrift Supervision
- Securities and Exchange Commission
For immediate release
Eight federal regulators on Wednesday released a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPR) requesting comment on a model privacy form that financial institutions can use for their privacy notices to consumers required by the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLB Act). The privacy notices must describe an institution's information sharing practices, and, for certain types of sharing, consumers have the right to opt out. The notices must be provided when a consumer first becomes a customer of a financial institution and then annually for as long as the customer relationship lasts.
Last October, President Bush signed into law the Financial Services Regulatory Relief Act of 2006, amending the GLB Act to require the agencies to propose a model form that is succinct and comprehensible to consumers, allows consumers easily to compare privacy practices of financial institutions, and uses easily readable type font.
The proposed model privacy form is the "prototype privacy notice" developed by six of these federal agencies after a year-long consumer testing process. A detailed report describing the testing and resulting prototype privacy notice was released by these agencies in March 2006. The NPR proposes that a financial institution that chooses to use the model form would satisfy the disclosure requirements for the notices and so could take advantage of a legal "safe harbor." The NPR also proposes to remove, after a transition period, the sample clauses now included in some of the agencies' privacy rules.
The NPR was developed jointly by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Trade Commission, the National Credit Union Administration, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Office of Thrift Supervision, and the Securities and Exchange Commission.
A copy of the NPR is attached. The NPR seeks comment on all aspects of the model form, including its content and format and whether it provides sufficient flexibility for financial institutions to disclose their sharing practices accurately.
Written comments on the proposed rule amendments may be submitted within 60 days after their publication in the Federal Register, which is expected in late March.
Media Contacts:
Federal Reserve | Deborah Lagomarsino | 202-452-2955 |
CFTC | Ianthe Zabel | 202-418-5091 |
FDIC | David Barr | 202-898-6992 |
FTC | Claudia Bourne Farrell | 202-326-2181 |
NCUA | Cherie Umbel | 703-518-6337 |
OCC | Bryan Hubbard | 202-874-5770 |
OTS | Kevin Petrasic | 202-906-6677 |
SEC | John J. Nester | 202-551-4125 |


text:
Network Working Group F. Yergeau
Request for Comments: 2070 Alis Technologies
Category: Standards Track G. Nicol
Electronic Book Technologies
G. Adams
M. Duerst
University of Zurich
January 1997
Internationalization of the Hypertext Markup Language
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
The Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is a markup language used to
create hypertext documents that are platform independent. Initially,
the application of HTML on the World Wide Web was seriously
restricted by its reliance on the ISO-8859-1 coded character set,
which is appropriate only for Western European languages. Despite
this restriction, HTML has been widely used with other languages,
using other coded character sets or character encodings, at the
expense of interoperability.
This document is meant to address the issue of the
internationalization (i18n, i followed by 18 letters followed by n)
of HTML by extending the specification of HTML and giving additional
recommendations for proper internationalization support. A foremost
consideration is to make sure that HTML remains a valid application
of SGML, while enabling its use with all languages of the world.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction .................................................. 2
1.1. Scope ...................................................... 2
1.2. Conformance ................................................ 3
2. The document character set ..................................... 4
2.1. Reference processing model ................................. 4
2.2. The document character set ................................. 6
2.3. Undisplayable characters ................................... 8
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3. The LANG attribute.............................................. 8
4. Additional entities, attributes and elements ................... 9
4.1. Full Latin-1 entity set .................................... 9
4.2. Markup for language-dependent presentation ................ 10
5. Forms ..........................................................16
5.1. DTD additions ..............................................16
5.2. Form submission ............................................17
6. External character encoding issues .............................18
7. HTML public text ...............................................20
7.2. SGML declaration for HTML ..................................35
7.3. ISO Latin 1 character entity set ...........................37
8. Security Considerations.........................................40
Bibliography ......................................................40
Authors' Addresses ................................................43
1. Introduction
The Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is a markup language used to
create hypertext documents that are platform independent. Initially,
the application of HTML on the World Wide Web was seriously
restricted by its reliance on the ISO-8859-1 coded character set,
which is appropriate only for Western European languages. Despite
this restriction, HTML has been widely used with other languages,
using other coded character sets or character encodings, through
various ad hoc extensions to the language [TAKADA].
This document is meant to address the issue of the
internationalization of HTML by extending the specification of HTML
and giving additional recommendations for proper internationalization
support. It is in good part based on a paper by one of the authors
on multilingualism on the WWW [NICOL]. A foremost consideration is
to make sure that HTML remains a valid application of SGML, while
enabling its use with all languages of the world.
The specific issues addressed are the SGML document character set to
be used for HTML, the proper treatment of the charset parameter
associated with the "text/html" content type and the specification of
some additional elements and entities.
1.1 Scope
HTML has been in use by the World-Wide Web (WWW) global information
initiative since 1990. This specification extends the capabilities
of HTML 2.0 (RFC 1866), primarily by removing the restriction to the
ISO-8859-1 coded character set [ISO-8859].
Yergeau, et. al. Standards Track [Page 2]
RFC 2070 HTML Internationalization January 1997
HTML is an application of ISO Standard 8879:1986, Information
Processing Text and Office Systems -- Standard Generalized Markup
Language (SGML) [ISO-8879]. The HTML Document Type Definition (DTD)
is a formal definition of the HTML syntax in terms of SGML. This
specification amends the DTD of HTML 2.0 in order to make it
applicable to documents encompassing a character repertoire much
larger than that of ISO-8859-1, while still remaining SGML
Both formal and actual development of HTML are advancing very fast.
The features described in this document are designed so that they can
(and should) be added to other forms of HTML besides that described
in RFC 1866. Where indicated, attributes introduced here should be
extended to the appropriate elements.
1.2 Conformance
This specification changes slightly the conformance requirements of
HTML documents and HTML user agents.
1.2.1 Documents
All HTML 2.0 conforming documents remain conforming with this
specification. However, the extensions introduced here make valid
certain documents that would not be HTML 2.0 conforming, in
particular those containing characters or character references
outside of the repertoire of ISO 8859-1, and those containing markup
introduced herein.
1.2.2. User agents
In addition to the requirements of RFC 1866, the following
requirements are placed on HTML user agents.
To ensure interoperability and proper support for at least ISO-
8859-1 in an environment where character encoding schemes other
than ISO-8859-1 are present, user agents MUST correctly interpret
the charset parameter accompanying an HTML document received from
the network.
Furthermore, conforming user-agents MUST at least parse correctly
all numeric character references within the range of ISO 10646-1
Conforming user-agents are required to apply the BIDI presentation
algorithm if they display right-to-left characters. If there is
no displayable right-to-left character in a document, there is no
need to apply BIDI processing.
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RFC 2070 HTML Internationalization January 1997
2. The document character set
2.1. Reference processing model
This overview explains a reference processing model used for HTML,
and in particular the SGML concept of a document character set. An
actual implementation may widely differ in its internal workings from
the model given below, but should behave as described to an outside
Because there are various widely differing encodings of text, SGML
does not directly address how the sequence of characters that
constitutes an SGML document in the abstract sense are encoded by
means of a sequence of octets (or occasionally bit groups of another
length than 8) in a concrete realization of the document such as a
computer file. This encoding is called the external character
encoding of the concrete SGML document, and it should be carefully
distinguished from the document character set of the abstract HTML
document. SGML views the characters as a single set (called a
"character repertoire"), and a "code set" that assigns an integer
number (known as "character number") to each character in the
repertoire. The document character set declaration defines what each
of the character numbers represents [GOLD90, p. 451]. In most cases,
an SGML DTD and all documents that refer to it have a single document
character set, and all markup and data characters are part of this
HTML, as an application of SGML, does not directly address the
question of the external character encoding. This is deferred to
mechanisms external to HTML, such as MIME as used by the HTTP
protocol or by electronic mail.
For the HTTP protocol [RFC2068], the external character encoding is
indicated by the "charset" parameter of the "Content-Type" field of
the header of an HTTP response. For example, to indicate that the
transmitted document is encoded in the "JUNET" encoding of Japanese
[RFC1468], the header will contain the following line:
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-2022-JP
The term "charset" in MIME is used to designate a character encoding,
rather than merely a coded character set as the term may suggest. A
character encoding is a mapping (possibly many-to-one) of sequences
of octets to sequences of characters taken from one or more character
The HTTP protocol also defines a mechanism for the client to specify
the character encodings it can accept. Clients and servers are
Yergeau, et. al. Standards Track [Page 4]
RFC 2070 HTML Internationalization January 1997
strongly requested to use these mechanisms to assure correct
transmission and interpretation of any document. Provisions that can
be taken to help correct interpretation, even in cases where a server
or client do not yet use these mechanisms, are described in section
Similarly, if HTML documents are transferred by electronic mail, the
external character encoding is defined by the "charset" parameter of
the "Content-Type" MIME header field [RFC2045], and defaults to US-
ASCII in its absence.
No mechanisms are currently standardized for indicating the external
character encoding of HTML documents transferred by FTP or accessed
in distributed file systems.
In the case any other way of transferring and storing HTML documents
are defined or become popular, it is advised that similar provisions
be made to clearly identify the character encoding used and/or to use
a single/default encoding capable of representing the widest range of
characters used in an international context.
Whatever the external character encoding may be, the reference
processing model translates it to the document character set
specified in Section 2.2 before processing specific to SGML/HTML.
The reference processing model can be depicted as follows:
[resource]->[decoder]->[entity ]->[ SGML ]->[application]->[display]
[manager] [parser]
^ |
| |
The decoder is responsible for decoding the external representation
of the resource to the document character set. The entity manager,
the parser, and the application deal only with characters of the
document character set. A display-oriented part of the application
or the display machinery itself may again convert characters
represented in the document character set to some other
representation more suitable for their purpose. In any case, the
entity manager, the parser, and the application, as far as character
semantics are concerned, are using the HTML document character set
An actual implementation may choose, or not, to translate the
document into some encoding of the document character set as
described above; the behaviour described by this reference processing
model can be achieved otherwise. This subject is well out of the
scope of this specification, however, and the reader is invited to
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RFC 2070 HTML Internationalization January 1997
consult the SGML standard [ISO-8879] or an SGML handbook [BRYAN88]
[GOLD90] [VANH90] [SQ91] for further information.
The most important consequence of this reference processing model is
that numeric character references are always resolved with respect to
the fixed document character set, and thus to the same characters,
whatever the external encoding actually used. For an example, see
Section 2.2.
2.2. The document character set
The document character set, in the SGML sense, is the Universal
Character Set (UCS) of ISO 10646:1993 [ISO-10646], as amended.
Currently, this is code-by-code identical with the Unicode standard,
version 1.1 [UNICODE].
NOTE -- implementers should be aware that ISO 10646 is amended
from time to time; 4 amendments have been adopted since the
initial 1993 publication, none of which significantly affects this
specification. A fifth amendment, now under consideration, will
introduce incompatible changes to the standard: 6556 Korean Hangul
syllables allocated between code positions 3400 and 4DFF
(hexadecimal) will be moved to new positions (and 4516 new
syllables added), thus making references to the old positions
invalid. Since the Unicode consortium has already adopted a
corresponding amendment for inclusion in the forthcoming Unicode
2.0, adoption of DAM 5 is considered likely and implementers
should probably consider the old code positions as already
invalid. Despite this one-time change, the relevant standard
bodies have committed themselves not to change any allocated code
position in the future. To encode Korean Hangul irrespective of
these changes, the conjoining Hangul Jamo in the range 1110-11F9
can be used.
The adoption of this document character set implies a change in the
SGML declaration specified in the HTML 2.0 specification (section 9.5
of [RFC1866]). The change amounts to removing the first BASESET
specification and its accompanying DESCSET declaration, replacing
them with the following declaration:
Yergeau, et. al. Standards Track [Page 6]
RFC 2070 HTML Internationalization January 1997
BASESET "ISO Registration Number 177//CHARSET
ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993 UCS-4 with implementation level 3
9 2 9
13 1 13
32 95 32
160 2147483486 160
Making the UCS the document character set does not create non-
conformance of any expression, construct or document that is
conforming to HTML 2.0. It does make conforming certain constructs
that are not admissible in HTML 2.0. One consequence is that data
characters outside the repertoire of ISO-8859-1, but within that of
UCS-4 become valid SGML characters. Another is that the upper limit
of the range of numeric character references is extended from 255 to
2147483645; thus, И is a valid reference to a "CYRILLIC CAPITAL
LETTER I". [ERCS] is a good source of information on Unicode and
SGML, although its scope and technical content differ greatly from
this specification.
NOTE -- the above SGML declaration, like that of HTML 2.0,
specifies the character numbers 128 to 159 (80 to 9F hex) as
UNUSED. This means that numeric character references within that
range (e.g. ) are illegal in HTML. Neither ISO 8859-1 nor
ISO 10646 contain characters in that range, which is reserved for
control characters.
Another change was made from the HTML 2.0 SGML declaration, in the
belief that the latter did not express its authors' true intent. The
syntax character set declaration was changed from ISO 646.IRV:1983 to
the newer ISO 646.IRV:1991, the latter, but not the former, being
identical with US-ASCII. In principle, this introduces an
incompatibility with HTML 2.0, but in practice it should increase
interoperability by i) having the SGML declaration say what everyone
thinks and ii) making the syntax character set a proper subset of the
document character set. The characters that differ between the two
versions of ISO 646.IRV are not actually used to express HTML syntax.
ISO 10646-1:1993 is the most encompassing character set currently
existing, and there is no other character set that could take its
place as the document character set for HTML. If nevertheless for a
specific application there is a need to use characters outside this
standard, this should be done by avoiding any conflicts with present
Yergeau, et. al. Standards Track [Page 7]
RFC 2070 HTML Internationalization January 1997
or future versions of ISO 10646, i.e. by assigning these characters
to a private zone of the UCS-4 coding space [ISO-10646 section 11].
Also, it should be borne in mind that such a use will be highly
unportable; in many cases, it may be better to use inline bitmaps.
2.3. Undisplayable characters
With the document character set being the full ISO 10646, the
possibility that a character cannot be displayed due to lack of
appropriate resources (fonts) cannot be avoided. Because there are
many different things that can be done in such a case, this document
does not prescribe any specific behaviour. Depending on the
implementation, this may also be handled by the underlaying display
system and not the application itself. The following considerations,
however, may be of help:
- A clearly visible, but unobtrusive behaviour should be preferred.
Some documents may contain many characters that cannot be
rendered, and so showing an alert for each of them is not the
right thing to do.
- In case a numeric representation of the missing character is
given, its hexadecimal (not decimal) form is to be preferred,
because this form is used in character set standards [ERCS].
3. The LANG attribute
Language tags can be used to control rendering of a marked up
document in various ways: glyph disambiguation, in cases where the
character encoding is not sufficient to resolve to a specific glyph;
quotation marks; hyphenation; ligatures; spacing; voice synthesis;
etc. Independently of rendering issues, language markup is useful as
content markup for purposes such as classification and searching.
Since any text can logically be assigned a language, almost all HTML
elements admit the LANG attribute. The DTD reflects this; the only
elements in this version of HTML without the LANG attribute are BR,
HR, BASE, NEXTID, and META. It is also intended that any new element
introduced in later versions of HTML will admit the LANG attribute,
unless there is a good reason not to do so.
The language attribute, LANG, takes as its value a language tag that
identifies a natural language spoken, written, or otherwise conveyed
by human beings for communication of information to other human
beings. Computer languages are explicitly excluded.
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RFC 2070 HTML Internationalization January 1997
The syntax and registry of HTML language tags is the same as that
defined by RFC 1766 [RFC1766]. In summary, a language tag is composed
of one or more parts: A primary language tag and a possibly empty
series of subtags:
language-tag = primary-tag *( "-" subtag )
primary-tag = 1*8ALPHA
subtag = 1*8ALPHA
Whitespace is not allowed within the tag and all tags are case-
insensitive. The namespace of language tags is administered by the
IANA. Example tags include:
en, en-US, en-cockney, i-cherokee, x-pig-latin
In the context of HTML, a language tag is not to be interpreted as a
single token, as per RFC 1766, but as a hierarchy. For example, a
user agent that adjusts rendering according to language should
consider that it has a match when a language tag in a style sheet
entry matches the initial portion of the language tag of an element.
An exact match should be preferred. This interpretation allows an
element marked up as, for instance, "en-US" to trigger styles
corresponding to, in order of preference, US-English ("en-US") or
'plain' or 'international' English ("en").
NOTE -- using the language tag as a hierarchy does not imply that
all languages with a common prefix will be understood by those
fluent in one or more of those languages; it simply allows the
user to request this commonality when it is true for that user.
The rendering of elements may be affected by the LANG attribute. For
any element, the value of the LANG attribute overrides the value
specified by the LANG attribute of any enclosing element and the
value (if any) of the HTTP Content-Language header. If none of these
are set, a suitable default, perhaps controlled by user preferences,
by automatic context analysis or by the user's locale, should be used
to control rendering.
4. Additional entities, attributes and elements
4.1. Full Latin-1 entity set
According to the suggestion of section 14 of [RFC1866], the set of
Latin-1 entities is extended to cover the whole right part of ISO-
8859-1 (all code positions with the high-order bit set), including
the already commonly used , © and ®. The names of the
entities are taken from the appendices of SGML [ISO-8879]. A list is
provided in section 7.3 of this specification.
Yergeau, et. al. Standards Track [Page 9]
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4.2. Markup for language-dependent presentation
4.2.1. Overview
For the correct presentation of text in certain languages
(irrespective of formatting issues), some support in the form of
additional entities and elements is needed.
In particular, the following features are dealt with:
- Markup of bidirectional text, i.e. text where left-to-right and
right-to-left scripts are mixed.
- Control of cursive joining behaviour in contexts where the
default behaviour is not appropriate.
- Language-dependent rendering of short (in-line) quotations.
- Better justification control for languages where this is
- Superscripts and subscripts for languages where they appear as
part of general text.
Some of the above features need very little additional support;
others need more. The additional features are introduced below with
brief comments only. Explanations on cursive joining behaviour and
bidirectional text follow later. For cursive joining behaviour and
bidirectional text, this document follows [UNICODE] in that: i)
character semantics, where applicable, are identical to [UNICODE],
and ii) where functionality is moved to HTML as a higher level
protocol, this is done in a way that allows straightforward
conversion to the lower-level mechanisms defined in [UNICODE].
4.2.2. List of entities, elements, and attributes
First, a generic container is needed to carry the LANG and DIR (see
below) attributes in cases where no other element is appropriate; the
SPAN element is introduced for that purpose.
Yergeau, et. al. Standards Track [Page 10]
RFC 2070 HTML Internationalization January 1997
A set of named character entities is added for use with bidirectional
rendering and cursive joining control:
These entities can be used in place of the corresponding formatting
characters whenever convenient, for example to ease keyboard entry or
when a formatting character is not available in the character
encoding of the document.
Next, an attribute called DIR is introduced, restricted to the values
LTR (left-to-right) and RTL (right-to-left), for the indication of
directionality in the context of bidirectional text (see 4.2.4 below
for details). Since any text and many other elements (e.g. tables)
can logically be assigned a directionality, all elements except BR,
HR, BASE, NEXTID, and META admit this attribute. The DTD reflects
this. It is also intended that any new element introduced in later
versions of HTML will admit the DIR attribute, unless there is a good
reason not to do so.
A new phrase-level element called BDO (BIDI Override) is introduced,
which requires the DIR attribute to specify whether the override is
left-to-right or right-to-left. This element is required for
bidirectional text control; for detailed explanations, see section
The phrase-level element Q is introduced to allow language-dependent
rendering of short quotations depending on language and platform
capability. As the following examples show (rather poorly, because of
the character set restriction of Internet specifications), the
quotation marks surrounding the quotation are particularly affected:
"a quotation in English", `another, slightly better one', ,,a
quotation in German'', << a quotation in French >>. The contents of
the Q element does not include quotation marks, which have to be
added by the rendering process.
NOTE -- Q elements can be nested. Many languages use different
quotation styles for outer and inner quotations, and this should
be respected by user-agents implementing this element.
Yergeau, et. al. Standards Track [Page 11]
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NOTE -- minimal support for the Q element is to surround the
contents with some kind of quotes, like the plain ASCII double
quotes. As this is rather easy to implement, and as the lack of
any visible quotes may affect the perceived meaning of the text,
user-agent implementors are strongly requested to provide at least
this minimal level of support.
Many languages require superscript text for proper rendering: as an
example, the French "Mlle Dupont" should have "lle" in superscript.
The SUP element, and its sibling SUB for subscript text, are
introduced to allow proper markup of such text. SUP and SUB contents
are restricted to PCDATA to avoid nesting problems.
Finally, in many languages text justification is much more important
than it is in Western languages, and justifies markup. The ALIGN
attribute, admitting values of LEFT, RIGHT, CENTER and JUSTIFY, is
added to a selection of elements where it makes sense (the block-like
P, HR, H1 to H6, OL, UL, DIR, MENU, LI, BLOCKQUOTE and ADDRESS). If
a user-agent chooses to have LEFT as a default for blocks of left-
to-right directionality, it should use RIGHT for blocks of right-to-
left directionality.
NOTE -- RFC 1866 section 4.2.2 specifies that an HTML user agent
should treat an end of line as a word space, except in
preformatted text. This should be interpreted in the context of
the script being processed, as the way words are separated in
writing is script-dependent. For some scripts (e.g. Latin), a
word space is just a space, but in other scripts (e.g. Thai) it is
a zero-width word separator, whereas in yet other scripts (e.g.
Japanese) it is nothing at all, i.e. totally ignored.
NOTE -- the SOFT HYPHEN character (U+00AD) needs special attention
from user-agent implementers. It is present in many character
sets (including the whole ISO 8859 series and, of course, ISO
10646), and can always be included by means of the reference
. Its semantics are different from the plain HYPHEN: it
indicates a point in a word where a line break is allowed. If the
line is indeed broken there, a hyphen must be displayed at the end
of the first line. If not, the character is not dispalyed at all.
In operations like searching and sorting, it must always be
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In the DTD, the LANG and DIR attributes are grouped together in a
parameter entity called attrs. To parallel RFC 1942 [RFC1942], the
ID and CLASS attributes are also included in attrs. The ID and CLASS
attributes are required for use with style sheets, and RFC 1942
defines them as follows:
ID Used to define a document-wide identifier. This can be used
for naming positions within documents as the destination of a
hypertext link. It may also be used by style sheets for
rendering an element in a unique style. An ID attribute value is
an SGML NAME token. NAME tokens are formed by an initial
letter followed by letters, digits, "-" and "." characters. The
letters are restricted to A-Z and a-z.
CLASS A space separated list of SGML NAME tokens. CLASS names
specify that the element belongs to the corresponding named
classes. It allows authors to distinguish different roles
played by the same tag. The classes may be used by style
sheets to provide different renderings as appropriate to
these roles.
4.2.3. Cursive joining behaviour
Markup is needed in some cases to force cursive joining behavior in
contexts in which it would not normally occur, or to block it when it
would normally occur.
The zero-width joiner and non-joiner ( and ) are used to
control cursive joining behaviour. For example, ARABIC LETTER HEH is
used in isolation to abbreviate "Hijri" (the Islamic calendrical
system); however, the initial form of the letter is desired, because
the isolated form of HEH looks like the digit five as employed in
Arabic script. This is obtained by following the HEH with a zero-
width joiner whose only effect is to provide context. In Persian
texts, there are cases where a letter that normally would join a
subsequent letter in a cursive connection does not. Here a zero-
width non- joiner is used.
4.2.4. Bidirectional text
Many languages are written in horizontal lines from left to right,
while others are written from right to left. When both writing
directions are present, one talks of bidirectional text (BIDI for
short). BIDI text requires markup in special circumstances where
ambiguities as to the directionality of some characters have to be
resolved. This markup affects the ability to render BIDI text in a
semantically legible fashion. That is, without this special BIDI
markup, cases arise which would prevent *any* rendering whatsoever
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that reflected the basic meaning of the text. Plain text may contain
BIDI markup in the form of special-purpose formatting characters.
This is also possible in HTML, which includes the five BIDI-related
formatting characters (202A - 202E) of ISO 10646. As an alternative,
HTML provides equivalent SGML markup.
BIDI is a complex issue, and conversion of logical text sequences to
display sequences has to be done according to the algorithm and
character properties specified in [UNICODE]. Here, explanations are
given only as far as they are needed to understand the necessity of
the features introduced and to define their exact semantics.
The Unicode BIDI algorithm is based on the individual characters of a
text being stored in logical order, that is the order in which they
are normally input and in which the corresponding sounds are normally
spoken. To make rendering of logical order text possible, the
algorithm assigns a directionality property to each character, e.g.
Latin letters are specified to have a left-to-right direction, Arabic
and Hebrew characters have a right-to-left direction.
The left-to-right and right-to-left marks ( and ) are used
to disambiguate directionality of neutral characters. For example,
when a double quote sits between an Arabic and a Latin letter, its
direction is ambiguous; if a directional mark is added on one side
such that the quotation mark is surrounded by characters of only one
directionality, the ambiguity is removed. These characters are like
zero width spaces which have a directional property (but no word/line
break property).
Nested embeddings of contra-directional text runs, due to nested
quotations or to the pasting of text from one BIDI context to
another, is also a case where the implicit directionality of
characters is not sufficient, requiring markup. Also, it is
frequently desirable to specify the basic directionality of a block
of text. For these purposes, the DIR attribute is used.
On block-type elements, the DIR attribute indicates the base
directionality of the text in the block; if omitted it is inherited
from the parent element. The default directionality of the overall
HTML document is left-to-right.
On inline elements, it makes the element start a new embedding level
(to be explained below); if omitted the inline element does not start
a new embedding level.
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NOTE -- the PRE, XMP and LISTING elements admit the DIR attribute.
Their contents should not be considered as preformatted with
respect to bidirectional layout, but the BIDI algorithm should be
applied to each line of text.
Following is an example of a case where embedding is needed, showing
its effect:
Given the following latin (upper case) and arabic (lower case)
letters in backing store with the specified embeddings:
AB xy CD zw
One gets the following rendering (with [] showing the directional
[ AB [ wz [ CD ] yx ] EF ]
On the other hand, without this markup and with a base direction
of LTR one gets the following rendering:
[ AB [ yx ] CD [ wz ] EF ]
Notice that yx is on the left and wz on the right unlike the above
case where the embedding levels are used. Without the embedding
markup one has at most two levels: a base directional level and a
single counterflow directional level.
The DIR attribute on inline elements is equivalent to the formatting
characters LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING (202A) and RIGHT-TO-LEFT
EMBEDDING (202B) of ISO 10646. The end tag of the element is
equivalent to the POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING (202C) character.
Directional override, as provided by the BDO element, is needed to
deal with unusual short pieces of text in which directionality cannot
be resolved from context in an unambiguous fashion. For example, it
can be used to force left-to-right (or right-to-left) display of part
numbers composed of Latin letters, digits and Hebrew letters.
The effect of BDO is to force the directionality of all characters
within it to the value of DIR, irrespective of their intrinsic
directional properties. It is equivalent to using the LEFT-TO-RIGHT
OVERRIDE (202D) or RIGHT-TO-LEFT OVERRIDE (202E) characters of ISO
10646, the end tag again being equivalent to the POP DIRECTIONAL
FORMATTING (202C) character.
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NOTE -- authors and authoring software writers should be aware
that conflicts can arise if the DIR attribute is used on inline
elements (including BDO) concurrently with the use of the
corresponding ISO 10646 formatting characters.
Preferably one or the other should be used exclusively; the markup
method is better able to guarantee document structural integrity,
and alleviates some problems when editing bidirectional HTML text
with a simple text editor, but some software may be more apt at
using the 10646 characters. If both methods are used, great care
should be exercised to insure proper nesting of markup and
directional embedding or override; otherwise, rendering results
are undefined.
5. Forms
5.1. DTD additions
It is natural to expect input in any language in forms, as they
provide one of the only ways of obtaining user input. While this is
primarily a UI issue, there are some things that should be specified
at the HTML level to guide behavior and promote interoperability.
To ensure full interoperability, it is necessary for the user agent
(and the user) to have an indication of the character encoding(s)
that the server providing a form will be able to handle upon
submission of the filled-in form. Such an indication is provided by
the ACCEPT-CHARSET attribute of the INPUT and TEXTAREA elements,
modeled on the HTTP Accept-Charset header (see [HTTP-1.1]), which
contains a space and/or comma delimited list of character sets
acceptable to the server. A user agent may want to somehow advise
the user of the contents of this attribute, or to restrict his
possibility to enter characters outside the repertoires of the listed
character sets.
NOTE -- The list of character sets is to be interpreted as an
EXCLUSIVE-OR list; the server announces that it is ready to accept
any ONE of these character encoding schemes for each part of a
multipart entity. The client may perform character encoding
translation to satisfy the server if necessary.
NOTE -- The default value for the ACCEPT-CHARSET attribute of an
INPUT or TEXTAREA element is the reserved value "UNKNOWN". A user
agent may interpret that value as the character encoding scheme
that was used to transmit the document containing that element.
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5.2. Form submission
The HTML 2.0 form submission mechanism, based on the "application/x-
www-form-urlencoded" media type, is ill-equipped with regard to
internationalization. In fact, since URLs are restricted to ASCII
characters, the mechanism is akward even for ISO-8859-1 text.
Section 2.2 of [RFC1738] specifies that octets may be encoded using
the "%HH" notation, but text submitted from a form is composed of
characters, not octets. Lacking a specification of a character
encoding scheme, the "%HH" notation has no well-defined meaning.
The best solution is to use the "multipart/form-data" media type
described in [RFC1867] with the POST method of form submission. This
mechanism encapsulates the value part of each name-value pair in a
body-part of a multipart MIME body that is sent as the HTTP entity;
each body part can be labeled with an appropriate Content-Type,
including if necessary a charset parameter that specifies the
character encoding scheme. The changes to the DTD necessary to
support this method of form submission have been incorporated in the
DTD included in this specification.
A less satisfactory solution is to add a MIME charset parameter to
the "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" media type specifier sent
along with a POST method form submission, with the understanding that
the URL encoding of [RFC1738] is applied on top of the specified
character encoding, as a kind of implicit Content-Transfer-Encoding.
One problem with both solutions above is that current browsers do not
generally allow for bookmarks to specify the POST method; this should
be improved. Conversely, the GET method could be used with the form
data transmitted in the body instead of in the URL. Nothing in the
protocol seems to prevent it, but no implementations appear to exist
at present.
How the user agent determines the encoding of the text entered by the
user is outside the scope of this specification.
NOTE -- Designers of forms and their handling scripts should be
aware of an important caveat: when the default value of a field
(the VALUE attribute) is returned upon form submission (i.e. the
user did not modify this value), it cannot be guaranteed to be
transmitted as a sequence of octets identical to that in the
source document -- only as a possibly different but valid encoding
of the same sequence of text elements. This may be true even if
the encoding of the document containing the form and that used for
submission are the same.
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Differences can occur when a sequence of characters can be
represented by various sequences of octets, and also when a
composite sequence (a base character plus one or more combining
diacritics) can be represented by either a different but
equivalent composite sequence or by a fully precomposed character.
For instance, the UCS-2 sequence 00EA+0323 (LATIN SMALL LETTER E
WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT + COMBINING DOT BELOW) may be transformed
into 1EC7 (LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT AND DOT
BELOW), into 0065+0302+0323 (LATIN SMALL LETTER E + COMBINING
CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT + COMBINING DOT BELOW), as well as into other
equivalent composite sequences.
6. External character encoding issues
Proper interpretation of a text document requires that the character
encoding scheme be known. Current HTTP servers, however, do not
generally include an appropriate charset parameter with the Content-
Type header. This is bad behaviour, which is even encouraged by the
continued existence of browsers that declare an unrecognized media
type when they receive a charset parameter. User agent
implementators are strongly encouraged to make their software
tolerant of this parameter, even if they cannot take advantage of it.
Proper labelling is highly desirable, but some preventive measures
can be taken to minimize the detrimental effects of its absence:
In the case where a document is accessed from a hyperlink in an
origin HTML document, a CHARSET attribute is added to the attribute
list of elements with link semantics (A and LINK), specifically by
adding it to the linkExtraAttributes entity. The value of that
attribute is to be considered a hint to the User Agent as to the
character encoding scheme used by the resource pointed to by the
hyperlink; it should be the appropriate value of the MIME charset
parameter for that resource.
In any document, it is possible to include an indication of the
encoding scheme like the following, as early as possible within the
HEAD of the document:
This is not foolproof, but will work if the encoding scheme is such
that ASCII-valued octets stand for ASCII characters only at least
until the META element is parsed. Note that there are better ways
for a server to obtain character encoding information, instead of the
unreliable META above; see [NICOL2] for some details and a proposal.
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For definiteness, the "charset" parameter received from the source of
the document should be considered the most authoritative, followed in
order of preference by the contents of a META element such as the
above, and finally the CHARSET parameter of the anchor that was
followed (if any).
When HTML text is transmitted directly in UCS-2 or UCS-4 form, the
question of byte order arises: does the high-order byte of each
multi-byte character come first or last? For definiteness, this
specification recommends that UCS-2 and UCS-4 be transmitted in big-
endian byte order (high order byte first), which corresponds to the
established network byte order for two- and four-byte quantities, to
the ISO 10646 requirement and Unicode recommendation for serialized
text data and to RFC 1641. Furthermore, to maximize chances of
proper interpretation, it is recommended that documents transmitted
as UCS-2 or UCS-4 always begin with a ZERO-WIDTH NON-BREAKING SPACE
character (hexadecimal FEFF or 0000FEFF) which, when byte-reversed
becomes number FFFE or FFFE0000, a character guaranteed to be never
assigned. Thus, a user-agent receiving an FFFE as the first octets
of a text would know that bytes have to be reversed for the remainder
of the text.
There exist so-called UCS Transformation Formats than can be used to
transmit UCS data, in addition to UCS-2 and UCS-4. UTF-7 [RFC1642]
and UTF-8 [UTF-8] have favorable properties (no byte-ordering
problem, different flavours of ASCII compatibility) that make them
worthy of consideration, especially for transmission of multilingual
text. Another encoding scheme, MNEM [RFC1345], also has interesting
properties and the capability to transmit the full UCS. The UTF-1
transformation format of ISO 10646:1993 (registered by IANA as ISO-
10646-UTF-1), has been removed from ISO 10646 by amendment 4, and
should not be used.
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7. HTML Public Text
This section contains a DTD for HTML based on the HTML 2.0 DTD of RFC
1866, incorporating the changes for file upload as specified in RFC
1867, and the changes deriving from this document.
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is preferred to
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Text ... is preferred to


text:
We can't recommend it too highly; "Take your kids on vacation!" Nothing is more rewarding or more fun. So grab your children, grandchildren, nieces, nephews, extended family and enjoy a memorable journey. Alice Travel has been specializing in family travel for years. High on the list of popular and highly-recommended vacations:
Cruising aboard the ships of Holland America, Royal Caribbean, and Disney. They offer outstanding programs for kids of all ages and excursions for the young and young at heart. We think Alaska is a "must" trip for the family, boasting a wealth of natural beauty, wildlife viewing, and history (and lots of hands-on excursions). Of course, you can't go wrong with the Caribbean and Panama Canal.
All-inclusive tours worldwide. Nobody does it better than Tauck Bridges, a division of Tauck World Discovery that specializes in family holidays. Our agents will be happy to give you details and provide literature about their wonderful destinations. There is so much to choose from -- for example, the Red Rocks and Painted Canyons of the American southwest, an exciting family-oriented African Safari, an in-depth tour of Tuscany, or an action-packed vacation to eco-conscious Costa Rica. Tauck provides the most knowledgeable guides, the best accommodations and the best-designed itineraries and activities.
All-inclusive resorts that offer activities for every moment of the day including meals in a choice of restaurants, suite accommodations, fabulous watersports. Do a lot or do a little, but do it with your kids. Let us help you choose your destination.


text:
ChiroworksPediatric Chiropractic Care
While many may believe that chiropractic adjustments and therapies are solely administered to adults, clinical studies have shown that addressing specific issues rooted in the nervous system of children and infants with adapted chiropractic care offers significant benefits and long-term healing. Chiroworks chiropractors provide safe, gentle and effective treatment plans to heal a variety of pediatric conditions that will also ensure a healthy spine and nervous system well into adulthood.
What Is Pediatric Chiropractic Care?
Used as natural therapy to treat wide a range of conditions since ancient times, chiropractic therapies have evolved to include specialized chiropractic care for children and infants as a drug-free alternative to address many child-related conditions. Certified and experienced Chiroworks practitioners are licensed to provide detailed corrective treatment plans that not only relieve a range of symptoms and childhood disorders, but heal and treat the actual source of the problem.
What Pediatric Conditions Can Chiroworks Chiropractors Treat?
A traumatic birth can cause misalignment of the spine that sets the stage for a range of conditions that may not seem immediately related to the solutions that pediatric chiropractic care can provide. In fact, the source of many childhood illnesses and conditions can be traced to the spine and nervous system. Chiropractic care has been used successfully to treat ear infections, colic and attention deficit with effective treatment for many other conditions that include:
- Asthma
- Allergies
- Bed wetting
- Colic/gas pains in infants
- Constipation
- Frequent sickness
- Persistent headaches
- Head tilt
- Joint pains/growing pains
- Frequent sickness
- Poor posture
- Scoliosis
- Tantrums and irritability
Certain conditions in children are rooted in imbalanced and irritated spinal joints and nerves that cause problems in behavior and disease or disorder in the body. Sometimes a subluxation in a newborn can be the result of traumatic birth, breech delivery, or even stress. Chiroworks chiropractic doctors provide expert diagnosis and gentle treatment plans designed for the specific needs of each child.
What Happens During a Pediatric Chiropractic Session?
Chiroworks chiropractors have completed accredited training for safe and effective spinal adjustment in infants and children of all ages and work closely with your child's doctor when necessary. Each session is tailored to the specific symptoms and condition of your child. Spinal adjustments for children are administered using a low pressure method and some infants have been known to fall asleep during treatment! Children and infants typically respond rapidly to chiropractic treatments due to the fact that their bodies have undergone less wear and tear and our caring practitioners ensure that each child is made completely comfortable and at ease prior to treatment. Chiroworks pediatric chiropractors are available to answer any questions you may have and work in tandem with other health professionals whenever necessary.
Did You Know?
Chiropractic Care for children dates back to the turn of the century. The founder of general chiropractic care, D.D Palmer emphasized that checking a child's spine from birth onwards was essential to avoid a range of conditions, and that chiropractic treatment could alleviate or eliminate the possibility of many imbalances and sicknesses exclusive to children and infants to ensure lifelong health.
Contact Us Today
Whenever you need a Chropractor, Chiroworks is here to help!


text:
Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Copenhagen, London and Paris are the stops on a road trip that explores the roots of urban youth culture across borders and language barriers.
Hip-Hop as a connecting element
The journey with the Porsche Cayenne S Coupé focuses on the four classic disciplines of hip-hop: rap, DJing, graffiti and breakdancing. Away from promotional tours or packed concert halls, Niko Hüls meets with musicians, painters and dancers. He immerses himself in the creative scenes of European metropolises and sheds light on the contribution that culture can make to cohesion across the continent. "Hip-hop is not just a style of dress or a style of music," says Hüls, who has been working as a journalist for more than 20 years. "Hip-hop has the power to connect people regardless of country or origin and to convey values such as respect, tolerance and passion."
Artists in Back 2 Tape illustrate the diversity of Europe
Guests of Back 2 Tape are the MCs Kool Savas (Berlin), Lord Esperanza (Paris), Rodney P (London), Falsalarma (Barcelona), Gebuhr (Copenhagen) and Pete Philly (Amsterdam); DJ Josi Miller (Berlin); dancers Michael 'Mikel' Rosemann (Berlin) and Sune Pejtersen (Copenhagen); art curator Nicolas Couturieux (Paris); sneaker expert Edson Sabajo (Amsterdam); graffiti legends Lars Pedersen (Copenhagen) and El Xupet Negre (Barcelona); as well as the journalists Miriam Davoudvandi (Berlin) and Apex Zero (London).
"This journey is a project of the heart for me. Cohesion and tolerance across borders are great assets, especially in the current climate," explains Hüls. Dr. Sebastian Rudolph, Head of Public Relations, Press, Sustainability and Policy at Porsche AG, agrees: "With Back 2 Tape, we are emphasising values that we cultivate at Porsche, too."
The content is shared digitally across Instagram, TikTok, YouTube and Spotify while the Porsche Newsroom – the centre of online storytelling for Porsche – carries the full story. The documentary is now available here at newsroom.porsche.com/back2tape and is the second part of a series. Part 1 celebrated its premiere in 2018 and has been awarded numerous international awards, including the Digital Communications Award, the German Prize for Online Communication and the ECON Award of the Handelsblatt.
Official playlist of Back 2 Tape
Important note
Niko Hüls and Porsche produced their European road trip before the outbreak of Covid-19. Porsche, Backspin and the artists involved are aware of their social responsibilities and are advising against recreating such a trip until it is safe and travel is permitted.
Photos: Markus Schwer


text:
Available for:
iPad, iPhone, Android and Windows running app version 7.3 and above.
Ever since he became a Christian at the age of 40, it has been Poirot actor David Suchet's dream to make an audio recording of the whole Bible. In between filming the final episodes of Poirot, David Suchet spent over 200 hours in the recording studio to create the very first full-length audio version of the NIV Bible spoken by a single British actor.
Listen to the extended audioclip below:
We also offer other versions of this recording:
Old Testament NIV Audio Bible Read by David Suchet
New Testament NIV Audio Bible Read by David Suchet


text: Get to work with this collection of three wooden emergency vehicles and two road barriers! Sturdy wooden construction and moving parts on each vehicle means the dump truck, cement mixer, and front loader will stand up to endless of hours of constructive play. Wooden construction worker play figures fit into each of the vehicles and can also be removed for additional imaginative play opportunities.


text:
Scope of this project included:
Two high torque CFA rigs constructing piles with sandstone rock sockets up to 4 metres in depth.
Approximately 148no 900mm diameter CFA piles in the form of a hard/soft secant wall with a retained height of approximately 8 metres.
Male piles were installed to 17.5 metres with 3 tonnes of reinforcement in each while female piles were installed to 11-15 metres.
Approx 180no 600mm diameter CFA bearing piles in compression and tension with variable length rock sockets.
Installation of inclinometer tubes were specified to measure horizontal deflections of the wall. Integrity testing and cross sonic logging of the piles was also carried out.