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STOCKHOLM (AP) — Three U.S.-based scientists won this year's Nobel Prize in chemistry on October 9, 1013, for developing powerful computer models that any researcher can use to understand complex chemical interactions and create new drugs.
Research in the 1970s by Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel has led to programs that unveil chemical processes such as how exhaust fumes are purified or how photosynthesis takes place in green leaves, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said. That kind of knowledge makes it possible to optimize catalysts for cars or design drugs and solar cells.
The strength of the winning work is that it can be used to study all kinds of chemistry, the academy said.
"This year's prize is about taking the chemical experiment to cyberspace," said Staffan Normark, the academy's secretary.
All three scientists became U.S. citizens. Karplus, an 83-year-old U.S. and Austrian citizen, splits his time between the University of Strasbourg, France, and Harvard University. The academy said Levitt, 66, is a British, U.S., and Israeli citizen and a professor at Stanford University School of Medicine. Warshel, 72, is a U.S. and Israeli citizen affiliated with the University of Southern California in Los Angeles.
Levitt told The Associated Press the award recognized him for work he had done when he was 20, before he even had his PhD.
"It was just me being in the right place at the right time and maybe having a few good ideas," he said, speaking by telephone from his home in Stanford, CA.
"It's sort of nice in more general terms to see that computational science, computational biology is being recognized," he added. "It's become a very large field, and it's always in some ways been the poor sister, or the ugly sister, to experimental biology."
Warshel, speaking by telephone to a news conference in Stockholm, said he was "extremely happy" to have been woken up in the middle of the night in Los Angeles to find out he would share the $1.2 million prize and looks forward to collecting it in the Swedish capital in December.
"In short, what we developed is a way which requires computers to look, to take the structure of the protein and then to eventually understand how exactly it does what it does," Warshel said.
When scientists wanted to simulate complex chemical processes on computers, they used to have to choose between software that was based on quantum physics, which applies on the scale of an atom, or classical Newtonian physics, which operates at larger scales. The academy said the three laureates developed computer models that "opened a gate between these two worlds."
While quantum mechanics is more accurate, it's impossible to use on large molecules because the equations are too complex to solve. By using quantum mechanics only for key parts of molecules and classical physics for the rest, the blended approach delivers the accuracy of the quantum approach with manageable computations.
Working together at Harvard in the early 1970s, Karplus and Warshel developed a computer program that brought together classical and quantum physics. Warshel later joined forces with Levitt at the Weizeman institute in Rehovot, Israel, and at the University of Cambridge in Britain, to develop a program that could be used to study enzymes.
Jeremy Berg, a professor of computational and systems biology at the University of Pittsburgh, said the winning work gives scientists a way to understand complicated reactions that involve thousands to millions of atoms.
"There are thousands of laboratories around the world using these methods, both for basic biochemistry and for things like drug design," said Berg, former director of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences in Bethesda.
Many drug companies use computer simulations to screen substances for their potential as medicines, which lets them focus their chemistry lab work on those that look promising, he said.
Marinda Li Wu, president of the American Chemical Society, was equally enthusiastic about the award.
"I think it's fabulous," she said in a telephone interview. "They're talking about the partnering of theoreticians with experimentalists, and how this has led to greater understanding."
That is "bringing better understanding to problems that couldn't be solved experimentally," she said. "We're starting as scientists to better understand things like how pharmaceutical drugs interact with proteins in our body to treat diseases. This is very, very exciting."
Earlier this week, three Americans won the Nobel Prize in medicine for discoveries about how key substances are moved around within cells and the physics award went to British and Belgian scientists whose theories help explain how matter formed in the universe after the Big Bang.
All Nobel Prizes will be presented to the winners on Dec. 10, the anniversary of prize founder Alfred Nobel's death in 1896.
AP science writer Malcolm Ritter in New York and writer Frank Jordans in Berlin contributed to this report. Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Granbury, Texas is a place where some claim Texas history lives and never left. The Granbury Opera House is a beautiful restored building that has a history of entertainment that continues to our modern day. It is a physical example of the importance theater has had in America in general and Texas specifically. The building has housed a variety of businesses. One of the more famous characters to perform at the theater, reputedly, was John Wilkes Booth and he may not have left the theater. Join us as we explore the history and hauntings of the Granbury Opera House. The Moment in Oddity was suggested by Anna Prado-Frias and features the Mortsafe and This Day in History features women getting to vote for the first time in New Zealand. The sixth installment in the third series of Tim Prasil's Spectral Edition is also in this episode! Our location was suggested by listener Beth Lang.
Podcast: Play in new window | Download

subset: commoncrawl


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Our e-series ballasts no longer require a switchboard to be switched on and off and no longer need their own switch to dim or boost them.
Now you can just touch a few buttons on your controller to be in complete control of all your connected ballasts at once.
Our Master controllers do this, and much more! The Gavita EL controller series currently comprises of two models:
The EL1 and EL2. Both feature auto-dim, auto-shutdown, sunrise/sunset, and timer.
The EL1 has one output channel, while the EL2 has 2 output channels and additional outputs for External Contactor Modules and alarm contacts.
For one room without auxiliary equipment or alarm contacts, the EL1 is the best choice for you.
If you require switched auxiliary equipment during lights on/off, alarm contacts and/or a 2 room 12/12 setup, the EL2 is most suitable.


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Free shipping on orders over £50
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Wholesale LED Lights offers an extensive range of commercial LED lighting catering to a variety of situations and applications, consisting of over 50 products.
Lighting can be a large cost when it comes to running a business. It is estimated that, on average, lighting accounts for up to 15% of the cost of running a business. LED lighting is an easy way to cut this cost by up to 90% and improve the green credentials of your company.
Many companies are apprehensive about adopting LED lights. They look at the initial cost and are put off. But, the purchase price is only part of the cost of a light bulb. You also need to consider the lifetime cost of the bulb. The lifetime cost of the bulb is the amount it costs to run the bulb for its entire life expectancy.
So, while it may cost less to purchase halogen or fluorescent initially, these will cost you a fortune to run, and much of the money you save to begin with is lost. LED Lighting on the other hand, albeit more expensive, will pay for itself many times over, mainly because it uses a fraction of the electricity, but also because it lasts a lot longer, so you will be paying for fewer replacements as well. On balance, LED Lighting is a more cost effective solution for a company, particularly considering the number of lights it takes to light the entire premises.
These are all practical considerations, but there are also other benefits to a company that goes LED. First off you are reducing your carbon footprint. In this day and age it is important for us all to reduce our energy usage where possible, but it is even more vital for companies who stand to profit by improving their green credentials and therefore their public image.
The commercial lighting range covers a broad range of lighting for applications including warehouse lighting, office lighting and even exterior lighting applications.
Currently one of our biggest sellers is the LED High Bay range. High bays are an excellent large area lighting solution and can be suspended from high ceilings. They are particularly effective in large open areas with high ceilings such as warehouses and factories. Due to their situations, installing and replacing these units is a costly procedure and can take hours of an electrician's time. With LEDs you can install a high bay and don't need to worry about the cost of replacement for many, many years. By far the most popular unit in this range is our 150W LED High Bay which offers an excellent compromise between cost and power and can be used for most commercial situations.
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We also offer a great range of LED Tube Lights designed to retrofit your existing fittings and offer a like-for-like replacement in terms of light output and light colour, whether your preference is warm white or cool white. As usual our colour temperature guide is available to help you decide. At the moment we offer the two main standards for tube lights which are the T8 and T5.
Finally our range of LED panel lights are the unit of choice for companies looking to replace their old and tired fluorescent tubes. These handy panels are designed to fit standard grid ceilings commonly found in offices and one units will replace an entire bank of tubes. Installation is very straightforward for an electrician and the light offered by these units is incredibly bright and vibrant - excellent for working conditions.
Mirrorstone Lighting products are second-to-none. As a manufacturer of LED Lighting, Mirrorstone have a wealth of experience and always strive for excellence in the manufacture of their products. When you purchase one of our LED lighting items you can guarantee it will work for its full life expectancy and, even if it doesn't, you are protected by an extensive warranty and amazing after sales support from Wholesale LED Lights. This is even more important for commercial clients who expect the best possible service and stand to lose most if the products they use are inferior.
Remember, it may be tempting to opt for a cheaper product, but you will undeniably compromise on quality by doing so. A cheaper product uses cheaper components and will inevitably fail short of its quoted life expectancy. This isn't the case with Mirrorstone products which use only the highest quality heat sinks and drivers to ensure the bulb lasts as long as stated.
Wholesale LED Lights offers electricians, builders and other tradesmen the opportunity to become trade customers. By coming a trade customer you can benefit from competitive prices on our entire range of commercial lighting, an account manager and a whole range of purchase incentives including a lucrative loyalty rewards program.
Find out more by visiting the Wholesale LED Lights trade store.


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I. Purpose and Scope
A. Purpose
Nikko Asset Management is committed to upholding the highest standards of business ethics and conduct. We are proud of this commitment and consider it fundamental to earning and maintaining the trust of our clients, prospective clients, the public, regulators, business partners, participants in the global capital markets and other key constituents. This Code of Ethics and Business Conduct (this "Code") aims to emphasize that commitment by setting forth basic principles of business ethics and standards of business conduct.
Nikko Asset Management's employees, as good citizens, must also respect each other as well as eliminate and prevent discriminatory comments or any other forms of harassment based on nationality, race, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, beliefs, religion, social status or physical disability.
Given the variety and complexity of situations that can arise, no single document could ever cover every possible situation. Accordingly, we have not attempted to do that here. Rather, this Code has been prepared to function as a high-level guide, meant to be supplemented where necessary by further policies and procedures, advice of internal compliance professionals and the informed good judgment of those covered by this Code.
B. Scope
This Code applies to Nikko Asset Management Co., Ltd. (the "Company") and the Company's subsidiaries stipulated in the Appendix (hereinafter, the Company and the subsidiaries stipulated in the Appendix are collectively referred to as the "Nikko AM Group").
This Code applies to all Nikko AM Group directors, statutory auditors and employees. (As used in this Code, the term "employees" shall include temporary and contract employees as well as full-time employees.) Such directors, statutory auditors and employees are referred to herein collectively as "Covered Persons," and individually as a "Covered Person" or "you."
II. Commitment to Compliance
Compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations (the "law"), as well as conduct that takes into consideration the intent and spirit of the law, are fundamental to our commitment to uphold the highest standards of business ethics and conduct. In conducting the Nikko AM Group's business, you must comply with applicable law, including not only domestic law of the country in which you are located, but also, when applicable, United States federal securities law and the law of foreign jurisdictions.
III. Commitment to Our Clients
A. Fiduciary Duty
As a fiduciary, we owe our clients a duty of loyalty and care. When you act in a fiduciary capacity you must act for the benefit of our clients, placing the interests of our clients before the interests of the Nikko AM Group, a third party or your own. You must also act with reasonable care, diligence and exercise prudent judgment in the performance of your duties.
B. Forthright Communication
We are committed to communicating forthrightly with our clients. When communicating with clients, prospective clients and the general public, you must communicate in a manner that is fair, accurate and not misleading.
C. Preserving Client Confidentiality
Unless disclosure is approved by the client, required by law or competent authority or authorized by an appropriate legal officer of the Nikko AM Group, you must protect confidential client information and do not use such information for any purposes other than those approved as above.
D. Personal Trading
The Nikko AM Group has adopted the Nikko Asset Management Group Personal Trading Policy. The Policy is guided by the principle that as a fiduciary entrusted with the management of client assets our foremost concern is and must always be to protect the interests of our clients. The Policy aims to effectuate this principle by establishing a framework for managing personal trading by directors, statutory auditors and employees that protects the interests of our clients, while permitting responsible investing by our directors, statutory auditors and employees.
Key components of our personal trading policy include: (i) prohibitions and restrictions on certain types of transactions; (ii) preclearance requirements that allow the appropriateness of the proposed transaction to be assessed prior to permitting a transaction; and (iii) reporting requirements that allow NAM to monitor trading activity and review transaction histories in order to assess compliance with the Policy. This Code incorporates by reference the Policy (with relevant local supplement, if any),, which shall be included as an attachment to this Code.
IV. Commitment to Regulators and the Public
A. Timely and Truthful Regulatory Filings and Submissions
When we file or submit reports and documents to regulators, we must endeavor to ensure that the information in those reports and documents is fair, complete, accurate and not misleading. When you are providing information to others for inclusion in these reports and documents, you must use best efforts to ensure the veracity of the information provided, avoid any misunderstandings (or promptly correct any misunderstanding that does arise) and communicate fairly, completely, accurately, and in a way that is not misleading so that the filings, submissions and public disclosures themselves end up being fair, complete, accurate and not misleading.
B. Cooperating with Regulators
We believe that investors and the industry both benefit from a robust regulatory environment in which the regulators appropriately regulate and supervise the industry. We also believe that ad hoc and periodic inspections are an important means for regulators to fulfill their duties. Accordingly, we are committed to cooperating with regulators in the appropriate exercise of their supervisory and regulatory duties and expect our directors, statutory auditors and employees to fully cooperate with regulators in the proper exercise of their duties.
C. Financial Reporting
Whenever the Nikko AM Group discloses its financial results, we must ensure that the information, in all material respects, is fair, accurate and not misleading. Appropriate and timely disclosure of information requires a complete record of each business process. You are responsible for the integrity of information, reports and records under your control. Logs must be maintained so as to record all transactions in an accurate and timely manner, subject to applicable laws, regulations and internal rules. Furthermore, you must not knowingly conceal or falsify information, misrepresent material facts or omit material facts necessary to avoid misleading the Nikko AM Group's auditors or the investing public.
V. Commitment to Each Other
A. Embracing Diversity
The Nikko AM Group is committed to providing a work environment where diversity is embraced and our differences are valued and respected. We believe our diversity is a strength and competitive advantage. We expect you to help us ensure that we preserve and enhance a corporate culture where each individual is treated with respect and dignity and diversity is embraced.
B. Work Environment Free of Discrimination and Harassment
The Nikko AM Group is committed to ensuring that the work environment is free from discrimination and harassment. Discrimination and harassment will not be tolerated and may result in disciplinary action up to and including dismissal. We expect you and all other directors, statutory auditors and employees to help us in keeping our working environment free from discrimination and harassment.
VI. Commitment to the Company
A. Loyalty
In matters related to your employment or position with your company you must act for the benefit of the Nikko AM Group, not yourself. You must not take for yourself or otherwise deny to the Nikko AM Group opportunities that are discovered through the use of Nikko AM Group property or information or as a result of your employment or position with the Nikko AM Group. You must fully disclose to the Nikko AM Group any position, relationship, transaction or other circumstances that create or could reasonably appear to create a material conflict of interest with the Nikko AM Group.
B. Protection and Proper Use of Company Assets
You must protect your company's assets, including its proprietary information and other intellectual property. You must not use the Nikko AM Group's assets for non-group business, except for incidental personal use that is permitted. Further, you must not engage in or allow any unauthorized use or disclosure of the Nikko AM Group's proprietary information.
C. Knowing and Complying with Company Policies
The Nikko AM Group has adopted a variety of policies and internal regulations that are aimed at achieving its goals, such as complying with the law, achieving best practice and maintaining an appropriate control environment. You must familiarize yourself with those policies and internal regulations and comply with both their letter and spirit.
D. Duty to Report Suspected Illegal and Inappropriate Acts
We have mechanisms in place to prevent illegal acts, violations of Nikko AM Group policies and regulations and inappropriate acts. We are similarly prepared to take remedial action with prompt and appropriate corrective measures in the event that any such acts or violations occur. You must report any fraudulent, illegal, unethical or suspicious conduct or violations of Nikko AM Group policies or regulations, including violations of this Code, in a timely and accurate manner subject to internal rules. The Nikko AM Group will not tolerate retaliation on the grounds of reporting such incidents.
E. Duty to Avoid Unauthorized Public Communication
The Nikko AM Group has established policies and procedures to ensure that public communications about the Nikko AM Group and/or its business are subject to appropriate oversight and control and are themselves appropriate. Accordingly, you must follow applicable internal policies and regulations when communicating about the Nikko AM Group and/or its business with the public, in any public forum or when dealing with the media. You should not make any statements on behalf of the Nikko AM Group unless you are authorized to do so and should refer all media inquiries to the persons, group or department specified in internal policies and regulations. Further, you must not contact the media without following applicable internal procedures and unless you are authorized to do so.
F. Duty to Cooperate with Investigations
From time to time, the Nikko AM Group may find it necessary to engage in fact-finding or investigations regarding alleged or suspected illegal or inappropriate acts. You are required to fully cooperate with any appropriately authorized internal or external fact-finding exercise or investigation, whether by an internal auditor, external auditor, lawyer, employee in charge of a fact-finding exercise or investigation, or supervisory regulators.
VII. Commitment to Upholding the Integrity of Capital Markets
A. Insider Trading
We are committed to complying with all applicable insider trading laws. If you come into possession of material, non-public information (as defined in the relevant insider trading laws), you must not act upon that information or cause others to act upon that information. If you believe you have come into possession of material, non-public information or are uncertain as to whether you have come into possession of such, you must promptly disclose all relevant information to the Chief Compliance Officer (or the senior compliance officer at your office, if you are an employee of or your position is with a subsidiary) and follow his/her instructions.
B. Market Manipulation
We are committed to upholding the integrity of the capital markets, including fair price discovery. Accordingly, you must not engage in any conduct intended to distort prices, artificially inflate trading volumes or mislead market participants.
VIII. Commitment to Ethical Business Practices and Fair Competition
A. Fair Dealing
We are committed to dealing with business partners, competitors and others honestly and fairly. You must exercise high ethics in your business dealings with others, and must not misappropriate others' proprietary information or take unfair advantage of others through manipulation, deceit or other unfair business practices.
B. Gifts and Entertainment
The legitimate purpose of business gifts and entertainment is to create good will and strengthen working relationships. The Nikko AM Group has adopted a separate policy on gifts and entertainment, with which you must comply, to ensure that the giving and receiving of gifts and entertainment by Covered Persons does not, in actuality or appearance, exceed that legitimate purpose.
C. Prohibition of Relations with Anti-Social Forces
The Nikko AM Group is committed to preventing itself from engaging in transactions or developing relationships with groups or individuals, known in Japan as "Anti-Social Forces," that pursue economic benefit by making use of violence, force and fraudulent means. You must follow applicable Nikko AM Group policy with regard to the goal of preventing transactions and relationships with anti-social forces.
D. Anti-Money Laundering and Anti-Terrorist Financing Compliance
The Nikko AM Group is committed to ensuring that it is not misused for the purpose of money laundering or terrorist financing and has adopted appropriate anti-money laundering and anti-terrorist financing policies and procedures, which you must follow.
E. Compliance with Anti-Bribery Laws
The Nikko AM Group is committed to competing for business fairly and consistent with applicable laws. Bribery or otherwise attempting to corruptly influence any government official for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business or to secure an improper advantage will not be tolerated. You must comply with all applicable anti-bribery and anti-corrupt practices laws.
IX. Environmental and Social Responsibilities
A. Commitment to the Environment
We are fully cognizant of our responsibilities to environmental conservation and proactively engage in environmental activities, subject to applicable laws, regulations and internal rules.
B. Contribution to Society
We are committed to fulfilling our social responsibility as a good corporate citizen and wholeheartedly accept our responsibility to contribute to society. We are committed to proactively creating opportunities and participating in activities that contribute to society.
Revision History
- Announced June 21, 2011
- Revised: March 20, 2019 (Effective: June 20, 2019)
Company Subsidiaries Covered by this Code
・ Nikko Asset Management Europe Ltd
・ Nikko Asset Management Americas, Inc.
・ Nikko Asset Management Asia Limited
・ Nikko Asset Management Hong Kong Limited
・ Nikko AM Limited
・ Nikko Asset Management New Zealand Limited
・ Nikko Asset Management Luxembourg S.A.
・ Nippon Institutional Securities Co., Ltd.


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Table of Contents · TAG's Message · Family Appreciation Day · Wing Welcomes Back Airmen · 50th Opens Bank · Mobilization Page · Acting Governor Salutes Troops · Saluting the Troops · Class 48 Wins No-Bell Prize · Town Holds Parade for Soldiers · A Word from the Chief · 108th Participates in Exercise · Four Changes of Command · Short Rounds · GSAB & DSAB Deploy · Army & Air Enlisted Promotions · Last Round: Somewhere over Iraq · Family Assistance Centers & Family Readiness Centers · Guardlife Homepage
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Guardlife - Volume 30, No. 3
Guardlife is published quarterly using federal funds under provisions of AR 360-1 and AFI 35-101 by the Public Affairs Office of the New Jersey Department of Military Affairs for all members of the NJ Army and Air National Guard.
The views and opinions expressed herein are not necessarily those of the Department of Defense, the Army, the Air Force, or the National Guard Bureau. Letters may be sent to: Guardlife, Public Affairs Office, PO Box 340, NJDMAVA, Trenton, NJ, 08625-0340.
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Staff Photographer: Staff Sgt. Robert Stephenson
Staff Writers: Roman Martyniuk Staff Sgt. Barbara Harbison


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A Homestead Frat House
A Homestead Frat House
This article appeared in the fall 1982 issue of Alaska Alumnus. By Arthur W. Loftus
Arthur Loftus was one of the first six students to register at the Alaska Agricultural College and School of Mines. His wife, Dorothy Roth Loftus, was also among the first half-dozen students. The Loftus family has a road named after them near the UAF campus.
Land has ever been a godsend to American free education. Western schools in particular have profitted from land grants in a way scarcely to be realized in the older, settled communities. Standing at the breast of the wilderness, the early colleges of the State had peculiar advantages, garnering from the experiences of the East, gaining vigor and self-reliance from a new and untried domain. But this, the last of the land grant colleges, has a unique feature. Several students have taken homesteads joining the campus, have built their own cabins, hunted their own game, and have lived a jolly "frat-house" life, without the bother of Greek letters on the door or the nuisance of house rules.
My brothers, Jule and Theodore, and I, found that we could each take a homestead adjoining
the campus. After staking our claims, we skidded together a lot of fine logs last
spring, and then the building operations rested until late in the fall. Jule chose
a rather enchanting spot for our cabin beside the Jennie M. slough, among tall spruces
and cottonwoods, in the broad valley that presents such a fine view from the College
hill. The cellar was dug in the spring, as fast as the ground thawed down, and the
dirt was used as a raised foundation for the structure.
The October sun had already begun to hang low over the southern range before we had
erected our four solid walls, six feet high, twenty feet wide, and twenty-two feet
long. By placing strips of moss on top of each layer of logs the question of chinking
was settled in an easy manner. The logs were quite heavy, some weighing over a thousand
pounds, but the three of us lusty brothers, by lifting one end at a time, managed
to get them in place.
We made a gable roof of split logs and loaded them with moss and sand. The roof purlines
are fully thirty feet long, and extend out from the front of the cabin eight feet
for a tentative porch. We used three together in the gable.
Altogether it is warm and substantial. We propose to make it our "frat house" throughout
our college careers.
Now, instead of taking the gas-electric inter-urban to Fairbanks, after a day at school, we brothers file down the hill, past the College station, along the track for a distance, and through the spruce by a trail we blazed ourselves, to the little clearing where is the cozy cabin we call home.
Indeed, it seems good, after a strenuous day of wrestling with the college work, to
come out into this wilderness setting, so picturesque against the remote background
of the autumn sun shining through the tall spruce, as it slowly drops behind the Alaska
Range. It is uncommonly pleasant, we find, in the dark winter days to follow the narrow
path overhung with the peaceful, snow-laden trees, and to emerge at last upon a primitive
clearing that is all the result of our own labor, and that might from its appearance,
be a thousand miles from college or from civilization.
Carrying as we three do, the memory of Wisconsin's forests and of her sturdy axe-swingers,
it is with a feeling of home-like satisfaction that we approach the solid walls of
the cabin, with the woolly moss bulging out from between logs teen to sixteen inches
in diameter. There are the heavy, peeled poles which support the roof, and from them
hangs the goodly supply of meat which is frozen all winter.
Stepping through the double door, one gets an impression of homeliness and comfort
from the inside of the cabin, which is well lighted by a gasoline lamp. Three homemade
single beds are arranged against the walls. Ted's, being on the davenport style and
more attractive, is considerately called the "deacon seat." The stove is in one corner,
and the table is in the center of the room.
We get clear, soft water from the slough beside the cabin, and for firewood we have
only to fall a tree across the doorstep, cut it up, and carry it in. Big, far, white
rabbits are innumerable about the place, and spruce hens and grouse are plentiful
near-by. Jule and Ted spent the Thanksgiving and Christmas holidays hunting on the
Healy River, and along the Valdez Trail, and, as a result, we have had a varied supply
of meat all winter, without ever buying a pound: prime mountain sheep, caribou and
moose. I am convinced that at no other college in the world can a student secure a
long winter's supply of excellent meat, from a short, pleasant hunt, as easily and
certainly as he can in the Fairbanks district. Here is where pleasure and profit really
go hand in hand.
What more would a student want than to take a homestead beside the campus for one
verse of a song, and live within a few minutes' walk of a first-class mining college,
in a district where what one learns from books about geology, prospecting and mining,
can be practiced in slightly explored territory? Here are the advantages of civilization,
combined with the lure of the wilderness. When the restless youth of the States realize
that they can attend a real mining college, whose professors are not mere theorists
but are alive to the possibilities of mining in Alaska, in the very heart of the gold
country, it may be a good many more will follow the trail North.


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Search Interview Questions | More than 3000 questions in repository. There are more than 900 unanswered questions. Click here and help us by providing the answer. Have a video suggestion. Click Correct / Improve and please let us know. |
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Core java - Interview Questions and Answers for 'Clairvoyant technosolutions' - 1 question(s) found - Order By Newest | ||||
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Ans. Car Engine is an example of encapsulation and abstraction. You ignite the car using an interface called starter and least bothered about how the tire actually moves (This is abstraction). The engine encapsulates the complete process to itself only and doesn't allow you to start the other components like the radiator etc ( this is excapsulation ) | ||||
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Explain OOPs or Explain OOPs Principles or Explain OOPs Concepts or Explain OOPs features or Tell me something about OOPs | ||||
Which of the following Java feature promotes access protection or Hiding ? a. Inheritance b. Encapsulation c. Abstraction d. Composition | ||||
Define encapsulation in Java ? | ||||
Give an example of how Object Oriented Programming Concepts can be implemented. | ||||
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20 Amazing Facts About E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
In 1975, an up-and-coming filmmaker named Steven Spielberg invented what would soon become known as the "summer blockbuster" by scaring people out of the water with Jaws. Two years later, he raised his profile yet again with Close Encounters of the Third Kind then proved that he would dominate the box office throughout much of the 1980s with Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) and E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, which arrived in theaters on June 11, 1982.
1. E.T. was initially patched together from different ideas for separate movies.
With his newfound success following the back-to-back smash hits of Jaws in 1975 and Close Encounters of the Third Kind in 1977, director Steven Spielberg wanted to tell a smaller, more personal story for his next film. Entitled Growing Up, the proposed movie was inspired by the divorce of the young director's parents when he was 15 years old. It included the feelings of alienation Spielberg felt being Jewish in an all Gentile neighborhood in Arizona and was told from the perspective of three children.
When the project was shelved, Spielberg moved on to another big-budget film, 1941, but the basic idea stayed with him. Around the same time, Columbia Pictures demanded a sequel to Close Encounters. Spielberg wanted no part of that, though he had a small idea about what would have happened if an alien didn't go back to the mothership at the end of that movie. To ensure they didn't make the sequel without him, he instead commissioned writer/director John Sayles to create a script for a pseudo-sequel called Night Skies, about a suburban family terrorized by a group of aliens with one befriending the family's son.
The project was too dark in tone for Spielberg, though, and ultimately, he had Columbia just re-release a special edition of Close Encounters that featured additional scenes. But he still recognized the potential of a film like Night Skies, so he and screenwriter Melissa Mathison then combined Spielberg's semi-autobiographical story with the benevolent alien visiting a boy on earth to create E.T. The idea of the terrorized family was refashioned as another eventual Spielberg production: Poltergeist.
2. Melissa Mathison's first draft of E.T. became the shooting script.
Most films go through several drafts before a final shooting script is locked into place, but Melissa Mathison's first draft is what Spielberg used during shooting. Instead of constantly revising individual drafts, Spielberg gave Mathison the general narrative plot for her to round out. She would write for five straight days and then collaborate with him for five successive days of feedback. This process went on for eight weeks, and Spielberg later called the resulting screenplay "the best first draft I've ever read." In order to maintain a spontaneous and streamlined shoot (and unlike the fully pre-visualized Raiders of the Lost Ark), Spielberg didn't storyboard any of the shots for E.T. and kept the script Mathison had written on 3 x 5-inch notecards in his shirt pocket. This gave him the freedom to revise, improvise, and make things up with the child actors on set. To maintain secrecy while shooting, the production name was listed as the rather mundane "A Boy's Life."
3. Drew Barrymore's wild imagination impressed Steven Spielberg enough that he cast her as Gertie in E.T.
Getting the right young actors to play the three main young siblings was a paramount problem for Spielberg. The first kid he cast was Drew Barrymore as Gertie, the youngest of the trio. During her audition, the 6-year-old Barrymore allegedly told Spielberg that she wasn't really an actress at all but rather the drummer of a loud and menacing punk rock band called the Purple People Eaters, who painted their faces with makeup for every show and who had played to an arena packed with thousands of people the night before. Spielberg recognized the value of her vivid imagination and she got the part.
4. Henry Thomas's improvised audition for E.T. won him the part of Elliott.
The most difficult role for Spielberg to cast was that of Elliott, the boy who discovers and befriends E.T. Spielberg's friend Jack Fisk (Sissy Spacek's husband and the production designer of such films as Badlands and Eraserhead) suggested a young actor by the name of Henry Thomas, whom he had directed in his 1981 film Raggedy Man. Spielberg brought Thomas in for a meeting to audition at Universal Studios, but instead of giving Henry the script to read, the director opted to have the young actor improv a scene with a government agent (played by casting director Mike Fenton) who is trying to take his alien best friend away from him.
Spielberg's only direction to Thomas was to do whatever it takes to stop the government agent from taking the alien away. In the heartbreaking audition (which you can watch above), Thomas broke down in tears while pleading with Fenton not to take his friend, prompting Spielberg to conclude the session with "OK kid, you got the job."
5. Peter Coyote's bad audition for Raiders of the Lost Ark got him a part in E.T.
Peter Coyote, who plays the sympathetic government agent Keys in E.T., auditioned for the role of Indiana Jones during a May 1980 casting session held by Steven Spielberg and George Lucas. Coyote, who was given snippets of the Raiders of the Lost Ark script along with a character outline of Indy, brought along a dashing fedora to accentuate his audition in hopes of wowing the two Hollywood heavyweights. But when he was told it was his turn to go, he tripped over the wiring of the lights that were set up in the room. His stumbling first impression was the furthest thing from the debonair, tough-guy Indy. The part went to Harrison Ford, but Spielberg found something endearing in Coyote's clumsiness, and when it came time to cast Keys—an adult with childlike wonderment—the choice was obvious. The lesson? Sometimes being awkward pays off!
6. The combination of a painting and photos of famous people inspired the look of E.T.
Spielberg originally had production illustrator Ed Verreaux—with whom he had worked on Raiders of the Lost Ark—draft the initial designs of the titular alien creature. Eventually, he went with a different set of design ideas, created by special effects artist Carlo Rambaldi. Rambaldi had previously designed the mechanical head effects for the xenomorph in Ridley Scott's Alien and the visitors from Spielberg's own Close Encounters of the Third Kind.
For E.T., Spielberg tasked Rambaldi with coming up with an alien form that audiences could sympathize with. The primary inspiration was one of his own paintings from the Academy of Fine Arts in Bologna, titled "Women of Delta." It depicted a shriveled character with stumpy legs, a long neck, an oblong head, and large eyes. To make the alien empathetic, Spielberg had Rambaldi study photos of elderly people who lived during the Great Depression. He also collated the alien's facial design with photos of Albert Einstein, Ernest Hemingway, and Carl Sandburg. Rambaldi completed his design in clay, and an impressed Spielberg quickly gave it the go-ahead. Artist Ralph McQuarrie, who was responsible for the famous concept art for George Lucas's Star Wars, designed E.T.'s spaceship, saying it was meant to resemble a hot air balloon as if it were created by Dr. Seuss.
7. The E.T. puppet was a conceptual wonder, but made the sets a logistical nightmare.
For scenes that required the animatronic E.T. puppet—like Elliott's room and the family's living room—Spielberg had the production designers build the sets raised on stilts. The heavy robotic puppet was bolted down, and its wiring was hidden under the floor. The puppeteers were able to observe and manage the puppet's performance from a series of TV monitors located in another room.
Spielberg wanted those on-set to act as if E.T. were a real actor for maximum believability, and asked the special effects designers to test out all puppet movements well before production began to ensure that the illusion wasn't easily broken. Taking the farce even further, Spielberg told the young Drew Barrymore that the puppet was an actual living, breathing alien, and during the scene where—spoiler alert!—E.T. dies, the sobbing reaction shots of Barrymore are true-to-life tears, as she truly believed that E.T. had passed away.
8. A mime was responsible for E.T.'s hand movements.
A puppet can only do so much, so to breathe a little bit more balletic life into his creature, Spielberg hired professional mime Caprice Rothe to provide fluid and naturalistic hand motions. Each time the puppet was meant to interact with Elliott or pick certain things up during a scene, Rothe would have to lay horizontally underneath the puppet and extend her hands vertically, for take after take. She wore sleeve-length gloves that were made up to look like E.T.'s leathery skin, and mimicked his long, slender, four-fingered hands with her ring and pinky fingers sneakily tucked away in the fourth digit. In the final cut, she was credited as the "E.T. Movement Coordinator."
9. A trio of actors brought E.T.'s other movements to life.
The scenes where Spielberg opted to show full-body shots of E.T. freely moving around were performed by three different actors. Two little people, Tamara de Treaux and Pat Bilon, wore special E.T. suits for wide shots of the alien walking around. They were able to see out of well-hidden slits cut into the upper part of E.T.'s chest. Other scenes, like when E.T. falls on his face from having a few too many beers, were performed by 12-year-old Matthew DeMeritt, an actor who was born without legs. His specially-rigged suit allowed him to walk with his arms where the alien's feet would be.
10. The first voice of E.T. was Spielberg himself.
During shooting, Spielberg acted out the voice parts of E.T. by positioning himself just to the side of the camera, uttering famous phrases like "E.T. phone home," but also occasionally speaking in full sentences to better connect the character to the child actors. In the rough cut, Spielberg's temp track was later replaced with the voice of actress Debra Winger. (Fun fact: Winger has an uncredited appearance in the Halloween scene as the zombie nurse carrying a little dog). For the final print, sound designer Ben Burtt—who previously worked on all of the Star Wars films and also on Raiders of the Lost Ark with Spielberg—hired a non-actor named Pat Welsh, whose deep and raspy smoker's voice he overheard at a local camera store. Burtt lowered the pitch of her voice and mixed it with sounds of various animals breathing. For her performance, Welsh allegedly received only $380. In all there were 18 different contributors to the voice of E.T.—including Ken Miura, Burtt's cinema professor from USC, who provided the burp in the scene where E.T. gets drunk.
11. Harrison Ford appeared in one scene, but it was cut from the final film.
Ford was already an iconic Spielberg alum, so to play with that image, the filmmaker cast his Raiders of the Lost Ark star as the principal of Elliott's school. Other than Elliott's mother, another adult's face wasn't shown until the third act, so Ford was always filmed from behind. Ford reprimands the youngster after the scene where Elliott frees all of the frogs about to be dissected (when he passionately kisses his classmate in an homage to John Ford's 1952 film The Quiet Man). In another example of Elliott's and E.T.'s consciences melding, he's seen levitating just out of his principal's view until his mother barges in to take him home. These scenes were ultimately cut for time.
12. E.T.'s favorite candy was supposed to be M&Ms.
Spielberg brought his idea to Mars Incorporated, the company that owns M&Ms, to ask if they could use their little candies in a scene where Elliott attracts the inquisitive alien back to his house. Universal Studios legally barred the company from seeing the final script, so Mars passed on the cross-promotional opportunity. Spielberg and company then brought the idea to the Hershey Company to see if they could use Hershey Kisses, but the company was looking to get more exposure for their newest creation, Reese's Pieces, and suggested the peanut butter filled treats instead. Hershey agreed to spend $1 million for the rights to promote the use of their product in E.T., and Reese's Pieces became the little alien's candy of choice. The agreement certainly paid off for Hershey, as the company reported a 65 percent increase in profits on Reese's Pieces just two weeks after the film premiere.
13. On set, Spielberg was an old hag.
In the Halloween scene (shot in October 1981), Elliott and his brother Michael dress E.T. up as if he's their costumed little sister so that they can safely get him to the forest to phone home. To join in the fun, Spielberg spent the entire day dressed up as an old woman. He even bobbed for apples and went trick-or-treating with the cast at the wrap of that day's shoot.
14. An international flight into LAX inspired one of the film's later scenes.
In the original script, Elliott and E.T. are brought to an undisclosed hospital when the government captures them both, but production designer James Bissell and cinematographer Allen Daviau were having trouble finding a hospital suitable for filming. One day, Spielberg flew into Los Angeles International Airport aboard an overseas flight, and his return was severely delayed by the airport's extensive construction that included huge scaffolding, over-sized plastic sheets, and cylindrical tubing everywhere. The space sparked Spielberg's imagination, so instead of bringing the two to a hospital, the government would create a temporary structure to shroud the family's house in gigantic mylar sheets and plastic tubing similar to what he saw from the construction at LAX. The production covered the exterior of the house in the Northridge neighborhood of Los Angeles for the shots in the final film. The interiors were done on soundstages.
15. Everything in the famous shot of Elliott and E.T. flying across the face of the Moon was real—except Elliott and E.T.
Visual Effects Supervisor Dennis Muren and his team at Industrial Light and Magic were tasked with creating organic special effects to surround the potentially inorganic looking E.T. puppet. Surprisingly, the iconic shot of the boy and alien flying across the full moon was mostly a "real" shot. It took Muren and his team weeks to find the right spot to film a low moon among trees, so they used maps and charts to coordinate the scene once they found the right spot. In the shot, Elliott and E.T. are puppets that were added with special effects in post-production, but the rest is photo-real.
16. Spielberg gave a cinematic tip of the hat to George Lucas, and eventually Lucas did the same thing back.
The two friends and collaborators had hidden little nods to each other's films in their work before, but for E.T., Spielberg didn't need to hide anything at all. In one of the film's cheekiest jokes, E.T. sees a child dressed up as Yoda for Halloween, prompting the little alien to exclaim, "Home! Home!" Spielberg didn't tell Lucas about the joke until he held a personal screening for his friend at his Skywalker Ranch, which Lucas approved of with laughter. When he went on to make The Phantom Menace, Lucas returned the favor and made E.T.'s race of aliens part of the Galactic Senate. You can see them acting uncharacteristically hostile in the video above.
17. François Truffaut gave the film, and Spielberg, his blessing.
Spielberg worried that his intensely personal story wouldn't resonate with audiences, and that they might have trouble identifying with a potentially off-putting alien character. Once finished, E.T. was publicly previewed a handful of times, but when the film was shown out-of-competition at the 1982 Cannes Film festival, audience members stood and applauded 15 whole minutes before the film ended. The standing ovation went on for another 15 minutes after the credits rolled, and Spielberg knew he had hit the perfect mark. After the Cannes screening, he received a telegram from fellow director François Truffaut, who acted in Spielberg's Close Encounters of the Third Kind. The telegram read, "You belong here more than me," echoing a similar line his character uttered in Close Encounters.
18. The film wowed audiences and heads of state alike.
Following Cannes, the film was released in the United States on June 11, 1982, and would go on to overtake Star Wars as the highest-grossing film of all time—a record it would hold until 1993, when it was beaten by another Spielberg film, Jurassic Park. Spielberg held personal previews like the one with Lucas for his friends and colleagues, but he would also go on to screen the film at the White House for then-President Ronald Reagan and the First Lady, Nancy Reagan. The director recalled sitting next to the President for the show, and even thought he saw Reagan shed a tear or two. When the film was screened for newlyweds Prince Charles and Princess Diana, Spielberg and the stars in attendance were bizarrely ushered backstage the moment the film ended. Apparently, Diana had wept so much that her prim and proper makeup was running, causing the Royal minders to whisk her away to redo the makeup before holding an informal meeting at the Princess' request.
19. There was a plagiarism scandal.
Following the film's resounding worldwide success, a claim of plagiarism arose when Indian director Satyajit Ray alleged that Spielberg had stolen the idea from a script he wrote in 1967, titled The Alien. Columbia Pictures had optioned the concept with Peter Sellers and Marlon Brando in the lead roles, but legal troubles forced Ray to abandon the project. When E.T. broke the bank in 1982, Ray felt certain that the similarities weren't mere coincidence. Ray told the press, "E.T. would not have been possible without my script of The Alien being available throughout America in mimeographed copies," but Spielberg denied plagiarizing the script, saying, "I was a kid in high school when his script was circulating in Hollywood." No further legal action was taken, and Ray would continue to make films until his death in 1992.
20. Spielberg and co-writer Melissa Mathison envisioned a sequel that was eventually abandoned.
Both Spielberg and Mathison wrote a story treatment for a potential sequel to E.T. during its initial theatrical run. Dated July 17, 1982, the treatment is titled "E.T. II: Nocturnal Fears," and takes place the summer after the events in the first film. The story describes a plot in which Elliott and his friends are abducted by a mutated race of E.T.s led by an evil entity named Korel who is looking for Zrek, another alien stranded on Earth. Eventually, E.T. manages to save the group of kids and helps them back to Earth. Ultimately, Spielberg decided not to do a sequel because doing so "would do nothing but rob the original of its virginity." You can read the 10-page treatment by clicking here. A novelized sequel by author William Kotzwinkle—who also penned the novelization of the original film—was published in 1985. E.T.: The Book of the Green Planet was set on E.T.'s home planet, which Kotzwinkle dubbed Brodo Asogi.
Additional Sources: E.T. Blu-ray special features; The Films of Steven Spielberg by Douglas Brode; Steven Spielberg: A Retrospective by Richard Schickel


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Make origami bows from magazine pages
Turns out it's oddly satisfying to make a bow from a single square of scrap paper. No glue or tape needed; just a scissors to make a couple of cuts.
These are folded from graph paper I stole from Alex's stash, a piece of origami paper, and a chopped-up Martha Stewart magazine. I trimmed the paper into 6" squares and followed the excellent instructions posted at Let's Create.
These will be handy at Christmas when we need to mail packages or stack boxes in the car for a road trip, since the bows can be squashed completely flat. Course by then, I won't remember how to make them anymore, or even that I posted this.


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Candy in Jerusalem usually costs just a few shekels. But when Nadav was assailed by knife-wielding terrorists as he and his little brother left a Jerusalem sweet shop, it nearly cost him his life.
Terror isn't one individual against another; the stabs into Nadav, just 13 years old, also tore into his family's psyche, leaving emotional wounds on all of them that won't soon heal. And that's besides the damage Nadav's medical bills will have on the family's already meager finances.
In the wake of the tragedy, the Jewish community sprang into action, globally and locally. Federation partner The Jewish Agency for Israel provided the family with financial assistance through its Fund for the Victims of Terror. And when Nadav had his bar mitzvah only a few weeks later, a lavish ceremony was sponsored by local Israelis and The Jewish Agency's Unit for Aliyah and Special Operations. Though the unexpected can come at a high cost, The Jewish Agency and Jewish communities overflow with hesed, "kindness."
So while Nadav's body may still have a long road to recovery, his spirit remains resilient. "Thank you for the wonderful gift," he said of his bar mitzvah celebration and the support from The Jewish Agency. "I hope that soon I will get a chance to meet [those responsible] to thank them personally."
"I get emotional when I think about all of the help and prayers from Jews in Israel and around the world since Nadav was injured," Nadav's father, Shimon, added. "It makes our family stronger."
(Photo credit: Nathan Roi, The Jewish Agency for Israel.)


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App reviews, troubleshooting, and recommendations
After a failed attempt to set up Instagram Shopping and endless talks with Facebook's Support, I was advised to delete all connections and start from scratch.
I deleted the catalogs and shops on Facebook, deleted the Facebook Sales Channel on Shopify, and as a result the commerce account disappeared as well.
I recreated the Facebook Sales Channel, connected it to our Business Manager, set up Facebook Shop - all good.
But now...I'm trying to connect Instagram Shopping and it seems the app has remembered the Instagram account. Rather than starting set-up from zero, it only gives me the option to continue setup. And when I do, it's telling me the account wasn't approved for Facebook Shopping.
When I try to set up Instagram Shopping through Facebook's Commerce Manager, I get the following:
"This Instagram business account is already linked to a Commerce account on Shopify. As of August 31, you'll be able to finish setting up checkout on Instagram from your Shopify account."
Is there anyone that has run into this issue or could lend a helping hand? Dealing with Facebook and Instagram is just a nightmare...
I'm having the same problem. Also struggling to get my Instagram account verified for shopping. Instagram support tells me the website linked to it doesn't have products available for direct purchase. I have no clue why they say that. The website is a Shopify store, the IG is linked to my FB-page in Business Manager. The domain is verified. I've taken it all down and started from scratch - still same problem.
If anybody has a solution to this, please let us know.
I'm in this same boat. My IG store was suddenly disconnected 3 weeks ago and I've jumped through every hoop that I possibly can to get it all working again. Today, after receiving the email *once again* that my shop was invalid, didn't have any products and my website doesn't exist and I could appeal it I just told them GFY and I'll just put "link in bio" as this is easier than spending another minute trying to solve this issue. Good luck, everyone!
Hello, have you figured out a solution? This has happened to me too, after messing up my first instagram review. Decided to start from scratch and ran into this error.
ok, so i've been dealing w/ fb for about 7 months and it's a **bleep** nightmare. It's unbelievable how shitty they can possibly make it for a business who is trying to get by and just screwing them w/ issues that they have to tend to instead of working on their business. I have a wack but working cheat i found tho. Lmk if it works for anyone else. So instagram keeps saying im still connected to my old commerce acct which i'm not (but somehow it says i am). I have 180k followers on insta and needed to be able to tag my products like i did b4. Only way to add products as well as posting a product pic at the same time is to go to your fb page, go to publishing tools and create a post. Click on both fb and insta and if ur situation is like me (commerce acct passed w/ fb but screwed on insta) upload a pic and go tag your products. When you publish the post it goes to ur fb page as usual and also goes to ur insta. If u click on "view shop" in insta nothing will show up on ur side but the post shows up as well as the tagged products. If you click on the little shopping bag you can see the product that you tagged is now in your "shop". Keep repeating the process so you can keep adding more products to your shop. It won't be organized but it's better than nothing. Everyoone else who comes to your insta, and views your shop can see your products but just not pretty like how u set it up in ur commerce acct. You can actually post a product post, get that product in your shop on insta, delete your post and the product will still stay in there. HMU if this works for you or if it's only a weird bug i found just like all the other 10000000 bs bugs fb can't fix for me. firstname.lastname@example.com
I just encountered this issue as well -- anyone else had any luck here?
I have been working w/ fb for 7 months w the exact same issues. If u need help let me know…….this is kinda the origin story.
I can tell you the root issue. It all started when I was using the old shopify Facebook Shop app and somehow was able to set up shipping through fb and instagram through the old app. I then got an order and it showed up in fb but didn't show up in shopify, which it was supposed to. The next morning I didn't know what to do so I downloaded the Shopify app on my iPhone and for some reason was able to upgrade to the new FB/Insta app in Shopify right away! I was excited but when your setting up the new app it deletes old commerce acct and makes a new shopify commerce acct in FB. When that happened I couldn't see the order that my customer bought that was through purchased through my old (yesterday's) commerce acct. This is the time where I was able to talk on the phone and talk w/ 2 people on beans (screen share) bc they hadn't seen anything like that before. I asked them to make sure they stay in contact with me just to make sure everything gets set up right after they go into the system and delete my commerce acct but once they did I never heard back. Ever since then I've been getting flagged for not following policies and weird things here and there and it has been destroying my business. I can see and hook up my catalog of 840 products to Instagram and tag my pictures and anyone can see all my products but my shop can't be organized which is a huge mess. On my FB page I personally can tag pictures with my products in them and it looks like others should be able to see them too but no one can. So I don't have a Shop ON FB which is killing me and I can't use business suite and many other interesting content sharing and event tracking updates that ya'll have made in the past months. I have 170k+ Followers on INSTAGRAM so for this not working for 5 months I'm about to have to close my business down. Please help me and I will give you whatever you need and cooperate with you in any way. If I could screen share or talk w/ someone over the phone it would make things much easier. THATS HOW IT ALL STARTED. I'm not sure why no one can help me out on this issue. Also, I've been flagged for not complying with monetization policies but on instant articles it says it's a partner monetization issue but when I try to appeal it says I can't because I've done nothing wrong and on the content side I have no idea what piece of content they are talking about so I can't appeal something that I don't' know about."
So this has been my issue for 7 months that I've been trying to get fixed and I'm still emailing fb trying to explain the issue but maybe u can help. I'm ok with my commerce acct being deleted and thats actually what FB had to do the first time I had issues. I set up my shop thru shopify and when I first connected I was somehow able to set up fb/insta checkout w/ the old app that they had. So when I got an order fb sent me an email letting me know but it didn't show up on shopify's side. I tried to update the fb/insta app on shopify on all three browsers and for some reason it wouldn't let me. So the next day I dl'd the shopify app on my iPhone and on that I was able to update to the new fb/insta app. Only thing that I didn't know at the time is that whenever you go through that process it deletes ur old commerce acct and makes a new one. So now I had an issue bc everything was hooked up correctly but now the order that I had from the previous day disappeared bc it was under my old commerce acct that was now deleted. I was able to screenshare w fb twice and they saw the issue and understood so they deleted my commerce acct so I could restart again and also canceled that order. Ever since then I've had so many bugs and issues (all to do w/ my commerce acct) that it's killing my business and driving me crazy. I feel like I spend 50% of my time dealing w/ fb/insta issues instead of working on my business now. When I try to delete my catalog it says I can't bc of integrity policies that I crossed but I've done nothing wrong. I just sell home decor and furniture and am a small business (just me)! "
I am having the same issues. Did you ever figure out how to fix it?
well, holy shit, I know this won't give much help to people but all of a sudden my Instagram w 177k followers that was stuck to a rejected comm acct bc of Shopify's app magically transferred into a commerce acct that was approved that was also hooked up to my FB page. It has been 10 months dealing w/ FB trying to figure this out and now my insta has a shop and I can tag things and it's great. Only thing is that I populated the products through my pixel and not through the Shopify app and I'm extremely scared to go through the onboarding process w/ Shopify's app. Right now, I'm just gonna leave it as it is and if anyone has any questions just let me know and I might be able to help. I'm basically an expert now.
So magically my instagram transferred out of my rejected commerce acct and into an approved comm acct. Just as usual, another thing happens that doesn't make any sense but it finally benefits me for once. The only thing is that I still don't have access to branded content bc of a lack of presence which is bs obviously. I also would like to have something in a written form saying that if I go through the onboarding app that fb made for Shopify and things disconnect and commerce accts get rejected for no reason that FB will help me fix the issue right away and won't make me wait 10 months like they did on this one.
That's great that it's working now!
I would like to think I may have had something to do with it but probably not... We had the same problem that everyone described here since December. Each time I spoke with customer support at Facebook, I was told the same useless info that they would escalate the issue to their technical support team and then it would never get fixed. I finally had enough, I made a new ticket with Facebook literally 3 to 4 times a day every day for 2 straight weeks.
Then, someone named Akmal with FB support just so happened to be assigned to my FB support chat. He claimed he could fix it for me and I told him that I have already been told that over 50 times and he probably wouldn't succeed. Three days later he emailed me and told me it was fixed. It actually was finally fixed!! That was about a week and a half ago.
Since then, because of the ridiculous amount of support tickets I made, I have been contacted by FB support dozens of times with an update from someone claiming that they were still working on it. I responded to each of them with Akmal's contact info and told them they needed to speak with him so he can teach them how to do their job.
so maybe it had something to do w it and I've been emailing people from FB telling them not to touch anything bc now my main issue is fixed. Now the only thing is that my other issue isn't fixed, which is branded content. Insta says I'm not eligible bc i don't have enough followers or a presence even though I have 177k followers. So I know it's bs but no one will take that seriously either. They tell me that I used to have a page that had a content violation (that i had no idea about) and then I got someone from FB to help me merge that page to a new page bc it was during the time when I was trying everything to get everything hooked up and at the moment Instagram was making me create a new page so that it could connect to a FB page. Long story long, it was a FB concierge that I asked if it would mess anything up if i merged the two pages and he said NO and once they were merged I've had no branded content since.
I don't have any idea of how to fix that but if you think it is some sort of mistake, I suggest you do what I did. It seemed to work. Just make a new ticket over and over again until someone can actually help you. Good luck! Sorry I couldn't be of more help.
Thanks for sharing your solution.
Could you tell me where you are submitting a ticket? Or possible share Akmal with FB support contact information. I can't seem to figure out how to contact facebook at all.
i keep getting this message and have been dealing with it for a few months.
"this instagram account is already connected to a commerce account. To continue using Instagram shopping u
need to delete the connected commerce account. contact facebook to help you resolve the issue."
Glad you got your issue resolved.
the best way to "try" to fix ur issue would be to go to ur commerce acct then in the overview go to "learn more" in the bottom right and click "contact us". That way u will be talking w/ a commerce "expert" but good luck to you. If you try and delete a catalog and it says "violated integrity issues" it might be a long and annoying road for u like it was for me.
So i've had the same issue for 8 months now and I kept having hope bc I have 179k followers on insta and fb would tell me, "oh yah, we can disconnect that instagram for u in 7 days if you just send us ………". I always would send everything to them since i'm the only one on the acct and run the whole business but after 8 months nothing has changed. I actually started a new instagram page and fb page and business manager just to see if things would work and they work perfect. It actually pisses me off bc i have a brand new insta acct w/ 100 followers that works perfect w/ fb page, insta and shop but my main instagram is stuck to this damn rejected commerce acct. They said one thing i did wrong was merge the old page that was in that old comm acct w/ a new fb page i made but someone from fb helped me through that process and told me it wouldn't mess up anything. I got two emails today……one saying,
"Hi Barrett,
I hear you Barrett and I would also like you to use your preferred Instagram account for your Shop to continue what you have started. However, regulations are put into place on our platform.
I know that this is a tight spot to be at, and we want to extend as much help as we can, however, we're bound with the limitations of what we can only cover in these kinds of instances. We're with you in this current predicament that we're facing, and we regret that we are not able to proceed any further with your rejected Commerce Account.
We greatly apologize for the inconvenience this has caused you.
For anything else, please do not hesitate to reach out to us and we'll be glad to assist.
Thank you for contacting Commerce Facebook Concierge Support. Have a great day!
"Hi Barrett,
Thank you so much for your continued patience in bearing with the investigation.
Regarding your issue, we have confirmed with our specialist team that we will be able to remove the Instagram @ModestHut (ID: 17841410467873730) account from the connected Commerce account.
However, since the Commerce account is owned by another business. Due to legal/privacy concerns, we need you to provide a screenshot showing that you owns this Instagram account.
An example of proof is a screenshot that shows the primary email on the Instagram account is the same as your business email. This will help to prove your have the ownership of the Instagram account."
So i've pretty much given up hope but of course when someone emails me saying they can disconnect it i'm going to give them everything they need. It's so much bs bc it has everything to do w/ the fb/insta shopify app the **bleep** up connections and rejects commerece accts or makes new ones for u when it was supposed to replace it. Anyway….good luck and if u have specific questions just email me at firstname.lastname@example.com
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Looks like another must-have tool by Basic Grey. It gets a big "thumbs up" from Noel Culbertson, a CK Scrapbooker of the Year Top 10. She said on the CKMB that it makes rub-ons go on "like a dream," and that she got it HERE at embellish IT! where they sell it for $7. Here is the description on their website:
Roller ball rub-on stylus
Rolling ball tip glides smoothly for a controlled application
Flat nylon paddle for setting the rub-on
High-quality design
I mean, Noel had me at Hello, but when she said this new tool does not leave smush marks on her Bazzill, it was like chocolate icing on a chocolate cake. You know, already great but just that much better. Okay, I'm off to see if ALL MOMENTS REMEMBERED or MEMORY WORKS plan to carry it, because Lord knows Michaels won't have it in this decade and that's about the only place left to shop around here. Will this be on your shopping list?
Edited to add 1/23/08: Deb from CKMB just posted a review on her blog. HERE YA GO…


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Light hunting pressure, solitude draw squirrel hunters out of fields and into woods
Early November may find most Kansas hunters dreaming of grassy fields and pheasants, but for the die-hard hunter who prefers woodlands and solitude, cool weather means squirrel hunting. The leaves have mostly fallen, making the hunter more visible and the challenge of squirrel hunting greater. It's a time for patience, quiet, and heightened senses.
Kansas has two species of squirrels. Fox squirrels can be found throughout Kansas but are more common in the eastern half of the state. They are at home in shelterbelts and wooded streamsides, as well as larger forested tracts. Large, leafy nests in trees are a good indication of population density, and these are particularly visible after leaves have fallen. Fox squirrels are active at midday and spend a good deal of time on the ground. Mature fox squirrels may weigh as much as 3 lbs.
Gray squirrels are limited to the forested regions of eastern Kansas. They are smaller than fox squirrels, averaging just over a pound. They are also considered more difficult to hunt. Grays are most active around sunrise and sunset, usually spending midday hours in a tree hole. Both species are more active on calm, sunny days and may remain in dens all day when the wind exceeds 20 mph.
Squirrel are usually hunted with .22 rifles or sometimes with small-gauge shotguns. Due to sharp senses that help squirrels detect movement, many hunters select a stand -- near a nest or where squirrels appear to have been eating nuts or other forage -- and sit quietly to watch for quarry. Sitting still in one spot for a time, then moving to another if the action is slow, is the preferred method when foliage has dropped from the trees.
During this time, calling may be an effective method, often bringing squirrels into close range. The primary call is a distress call, which brings this curious species in for a closer look. Squirrels are nature's alarm signals, and when danger is sensed, they often seek out the source and send a scolding call through the woods. This offers a perfect opportunity for the patient hunter. A chatter or bark call can bring closer those squirrels that respond to a distress call but won't come into range.
Excellent squirrel hunting can be found on wooded public wildlife areas and Walk-In Hunting Access land, and hunting pressure is typically light. Permission to hunt on private land may also be easy to obtain due to lack of competition from other hunters.
Squirrel hunting is a great way to get away from crowded fields during the early days of upland bird seasons, and it's also a great way to introduce youngsters to hunting. Healthy squirrel populations coupled with liberal hunting seasons and bag limits add to the appeal. Squirrel season runs June 1 through Feb. 28. The daily bag limit is five, and the possession limit is 20.
A video clip on squirrel hunting in Kansas is available here.


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Broken ankles or "ankle fractures" are injuries that occur when the bones that make up the ankle joint are broken. Ankle injuries are some of the most common bone and joint injuries. The ankle joint is made up of three bones that join. The tibia is the main bone, and it makes up the inside of the anklebone. The fibula is a smaller bone, and it makes up the outside of the anklebone. A membrane called the joint capsule is lined with a layer called the synovium, which covers the entire joint. The synovium produces synovial fluid which allows for the joint surfaces to move.
An ankle becomes broken when the joint is stressed beyond the strength of its limits. When an ankle is fractured, ligaments may also tear at the same time. Fractures often occur to the ankle rolling or twisting in an unusual way. At times, a fracture may even be caused by an extreme force applied to the joint.
Symptoms of a broken ankle include pain, swelling, bruising, discoloration, numbness, and an inability to move the toes. If you have a broken ankle, you may also hear something tear or snap when you initially suffered the injury. If you have pain from a broken ankle, beware that the pain will not always come from the exact area of the fracture; you may also experience pain from associated foot fractures. The swelling you may experience can suggest that soft tissue damage may have occurred due to the injury.
There are differences between an ankle fracture and an ankle sprain. The difference is that a fracture or break in the bone is required to classify an injury as a broken ankle. An ankle sprain occurs when there is a tear or disruption of ligaments in the ankle. In some cases, the prognosis of an ankle sprain may be worse than that of a fracture.
X-rays are the most common way to diagnose a broken ankle. X-rays show if the ankle is broken and where exactly the fracture is located. It will also show how many pieces of broken bone there are. A second method of testing to see if an ankle is broken is a stress test. To do this, the doctor will put pressure on the ankle and perform a stress test to determine if the fracture requires surgery. Other methods for diagnosis include CT scans and MRI scans.
If you are suffering from a broken ankle, consult with your podiatrist immediately to receive a proper diagnosis and treatment.


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Opportunity Cost
What Is Opportunity Cost?
Opportunity Cost is the value of one choice over another. Put simply, in economics Opportunity Cost refers to the Return on Investment (ROI) you receive through choosing one option over the alternative. This is an important factor in project management, resource allocation, and strategy generation.
Even though there is no set formula for calculating Opportunity Cost there are many different ways of thinking about it. For example, you could choose to work a full-time job earning $400 a day and running a dropshipping business worth $100 a day, over just a full-time job of $400 a day. The Opportunity Cost is $500 / $400 = $1.25. As a ratio, it is $1.25:$1. This figure means that for every $1.25 you make working and dropshipping, you would make $1 if you only worked full-time.
Why Is Opportunity Cost Important?
Opportunity cost is hugely important in decision making. Without it, we could not rationally make a business decision that makes economic sense to our businesses. This Opportunity Cost could simply be weighing up the advantages and disadvantages of choosing one pricing structure over another. It could also involve more complex thinking to achieve clarity on a subject. What is clear is the importance of Opportunity Cost to businesses.
For example, the Opportunity Cost of changing supplier could mean an increase in per unit cost but higher quality products. In the short term, you are investing more money than before so you consider increasing the price of the product for the customer. But in the longer term, these high-quality products can lead to happy customers. Customers will, in return, promote your products to friends if you keep the price steady, leading to strong market share. Therefore you need to choose whether to increase the product price. A business needs to make decisions like this every day and weigh up the pros and cons in order to remain profitable.
Opportunity Cost vs Trade-Off
Opportunity Cost and trade-offs are two tightly connected terms in economics. A trade-off is the choice you did not choose within your Opportunity Cost conundrum. Say you needed to choose between running a marketing campaign over hiring a salesperson. You project that hiring a salesperson would cost $3,000 a month and earn you $10,000 in sales, whereas running a marketing campaign would cost $1,000 a month and earn you $5,000 in sales. You calculate that the monthly sales revenue minus the cost of a salesperson is an Opportunity Cost of $7,000 in earnings whereas a monthly marketing campaign is $4,000. By choosing to hire a salesperson your Opportunity Cost is $1.75:$1 and your trade-off is a gain of $3,000 ($7,000 – $4,000 = $3,000).
Implicit and Explicit Opportunity Costs
Implicit costs are implied costs that are not captured through accountancy or other planning activities as a cost. This could include the cost of one employee to train another into a job, or the cost of machinery depreciating over time. Implicit costs are also known as Opportunity Costs in business terms.
Explicit costs are any costs involved in the payment of cash or another tangible resource by a business. This includes salary payments, new machinery, or renting office space, and are a mix of fixed and variable costs.
Opportunity Cost Example For Ecommerce Merchants
We have already given three examples of Opportunity Costs for ecommerce merchants. But there is an important Opportunity Cost specifically when choosing between a traditional ecommerce model and that of dropshipping.
With the traditional wholesale ecommerce model, a merchant decides on products to sell, and contacts suppliers to find the perfect fit for the company. Once suppliers are chosen the merchant orders a certain amount of units of each product from their suppliers. They then begin to sell these products to customers online through their website and other ecommerce portals like Amazon, etc. Once a sale is made the merchant ships the product to the customer.
The Dropshipping ecommerce model is different in one step. After a dropshipping merchant has found suppliers that are fit for purpose, instead of ordering quantities of products from the supplier, they place the products on their website. Only buy products from the supplier when orders come in from customers. The supplier then ships the product straight to the customer.
The Opportunity Cost arises here through the choice to buy products from the supplier before or after a customer buys from you. If you buy inventory before the sale, a merchant incurs the cost of the products until sold. They also need to incur the cost of storage and the cost of shipping to the customer. If units are not sold the merchant must then find a way to dispose of this excess product. What is clear from this model is that it is quite costly upfront. With dropshipping there is less cost upfront making the Opportunity Cost low.


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Many of you have read this announcement about WalMart's deal with the surveillance state devil, but for those of you who haven't:
Press Office
U.S. Department of Homeland Security
Dec. 6, 2010
WASHINGTON -- Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Secretary Janet Napolitano today announced the expansion of the Department's national "If You See Something, Say Something" campaign to hundreds of Walmart stores across the country, launching a new partnership between DHS and Walmart to help the American public play an active role in ensuring the safety and security of our nation.
"Homeland security starts with hometown security, and each of us plays a critical role in keeping our country and communities safe," said Secretary Napolitano. "I applaud Walmart for joining the 'If You See Something, Say Something' campaign. This partnership will help millions of shoppers across the nation identify and report indicators of terrorism, crime and other threats to law enforcement authorities."
The "If You See Something, Say Something" campaign, originally implemented by New York City's Metropolitan Transportation Authority and funded, in part, by $13 million from DHS' Transit Security Grant Program is a simple and effective program to engage the public and key frontline employees to identify and report indicators of terrorism, crime and other threats to the proper transportation and law enforcement authorities.
More than 230 Walmart stores nationwide launched the "If You See Something, Say Something" campaign today, with a total of 588 Walmart stores in 27 states joining in the coming weeks. A short video message, available here, will play at select checkout locations to remind shoppers to contact local law enforcement to report suspicious activity.
Over the past five months, DHS has worked with its federal, state, local and private sector partners, as well as the Department of Justice, to expand the "If You See Something, Say Something" campaign and Nationwide SAR Initiative to communities throughout the country, including the recent state-wide expansions of the "If You See Something, Say Something" campaign across Minnesota and New Jersey. Partners include the Mall of America, the American Hotel & Lodging Association, Amtrak, the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, sports and general aviation industries, and state and local fusion centers across the country.
In the coming months, the Department will continue to expand the "If You See Something, Say Something" campaign nationally with public education materials and outreach tools designed to help America's businesses, communities and citizens remain vigilant and play an active role in keeping the county safe.
Okay, there it is. The key portion is this:
A short video message, available here, will play at select checkout locations to remind shoppers to contact local law enforcement to report suspicious activity.
Now, boys and girls, there are folks who wish to boycott WalMart over this, but frankly, they'll never notice if those of us who do aren't there. Here is what they will notice (and this idea comes by way of my good friend Bob Wright of Eunice, NM):
Now, the message says, "contact local law enforcement." Ignore that and report to the nearest WalMart supervisor. Every time you see or hear this message in WalMart, be sure and run to the nearest WalMart supervisor and point out that there are suspicious people in their store that you believe are potential terrorists, or at least people who are criminals by virtue of their violation of U.S. federal laws on illegal immigration. Insist that THEY do something about it.
(And if you want to complain to WalMart about the ethics of becoming an arm of the surveillance state, you can file an ethics complaint by email here: https://www.walmartethics.com/gcs/ethicsconcern )
WalMart upper management could give a shit less about people who boycott them. What they can't stand is having their store supervision completely tied down with complaints THAT THEY THEMSELVES SOLICITED. So, every time you see or hear this message from Big Sis at WalMart, go to the nearest manager and complain. And if they won't do anything, then demand to talk to their boss. WalMart volunteered to become part of the informant apparatus of the federal government, SO LET US FORCE THEM INTO DOING WHAT THEY VOLUNTEERED TO DO. Eventually, the complaints of the various store managers whose time is being wasted will rise to corporate, and this snitch advertising program will either quietly go away, or if they are really inconvenienced, they will announce they are no longer participating.
So, take then at their word. And I cannot think of a better time to tie them up chasing phantoms than their busiest season of the year.
What can they do? They asked for a subjective judgment. How, then can they complain if you give it to them? It is not like YOU are calling the cops or making a false report. WalMart has volunteered their own supervision to be Big Sis' eyes and ears. So blind 'em, deafen 'em, baffle them with bullshit and rob them of as much time as you can.
Take them at their word and force them to adhere to their own policy. It will drive them crazy.
Mike Vanderboegh
The alleged leader of a merry band of Three Percenters.
PS: Forward this call as far and as wide as you can. Let's tie the bastards in knots.


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Generally a vehicle undergoes some kind of repair a large number of occasions during its existence. So where do you turn when tips over for your vehicle? Either you attempt to create things right yourself or else you have an expert or perhaps a vehicle auto technician to check out it for you personally and perform the needful. Now if you would like anyone to see what's wrong together with your vehicle are looking for a great auto technician or even better locate a reputed workshop where one can believe in vehicle to become repaired well. Searching for any quality workshop isn't easy thinking about that vehicle repair workshops really are a cent twelve. But the same there are lots of reliable and honest individuals who will perform a wonderful project for you.
Based on what's wrong together with your vehicle check around for any auto technician or repair center that may focus on your needs. It might be ideal when the people concerned are the ones who've a get and fall off facility to ensure that in situation your vehicle needs to be towed towards the workshop they'll undertake this too. Encourage them to provide you with approximately the issues that the vehicle has also to quote their charges. Make sure to check into their turnaround time too.
The easiest method to search for quality vehicle repair centers would be to browse the internet because the majority of the effective repair workshops have a website along with a strong internet presence. There are many workshops in Orlando to obtain your vehicle set right, so lookup those sites for Orlando vehicle repair services and you're certain to encounter some really excellent ones.
Getting to cover vehicle mending could be pretty costly, so it might be sensible to consider car insurance. Make sure that you keep your automobile well by altering the oil, oil filter, tuning from the engine whenever needed etc. Prevention is preferable to cure which is relevant for your automobile too. The greater your vehicle is maintained the less would be the do the repair incurs and also the decrease your repair bills.


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Oklahoma Governor Kevin Stitt has signed into law the nation's toughest abortion restrictions. Performing an abortion is now a felony, punishable by up to a decade in prison. As reporter Catherine Sweeney explains, the new law could also create a domino effect throughout the region.
CATHERINE SWEENEY, BYLINE: Stitt signed that bill amid fanfare and reiterated his pledge to sign each of the several abortion restriction bills expected to cross his desk.
KEVIN STITT: We want Oklahoma to be the most pro-life state in the country. We want to outlaw abortion in the state of Oklahoma.
SWEENEY: Without legal challenges, it would go into effect 90 days after the legislative session ends in May. That would be after the U.S. Supreme Court is expected to weigh in on Mississippi's law, which bans most abortions after about 15 weeks of pregnancy. If that law stands, the court would be effectively overturning Roe v. Wade and the protections that case guarantees. Oklahoma has seen a surge in abortion demand since last year, when Texas passed a law that banned the vast majority of abortions in the state.
REBECCA TONG: As soon as SB 8 went into place, we began to see ten times as many Texas patients than the previous month.
SWEENEY: That's Rebecca Tong, the co-executive director of Trust Women, an organization that provides abortion services. She said there's a wide discrepancy between the number of people who need those services and the ones who actually get them.
TONG: Our phones are ringing all day long - multiple phone lines. I mean, many people who try to reach us never even get through.
SWEENEY: It's not easy to get an abortion in Oklahoma. There aren't enough providers in the sprawling state. Tong says this disproportionately affects people on the fringes with low access to health care. Their average patient is already a parent, has no health insurance and has to plan extensively for the visit. She says outlawing the procedure in Oklahoma would mean even more strain, but mostly on low-income people. Wealthier patients...
TONG: They'll be able to hop on a flight and go to California or, God forbid, in the future, hop on a flight and have to go to Canada, right?
SWEENEY: She and other abortion rights advocates noted that the bills are nothing new in Oklahoma. But they're preparing for a world where court challenges won't block them.
TAMYA COX-TOURE: We've always had maps up of what access could look like if Roe were to fall.
SWEENEY: That's Tamya Cox-Toure, executive director of ACLU, Oklahoma and a longtime abortion rights advocate. She says there's an old saying.
COX-TOURE: How goes Oklahoma goes the rest of the South. And we're seeing that.
SWEENEY: The dominoes started with Texas and could continue later this year if the U.S. Supreme Court upholds restrictions passed in Mississippi.
For NPR News, I'm Catherine Sweeney in Oklahoma City. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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A sharp, well balanced knife that feels good in your hand is a pleasure to work with and makes cooking that much more enjoyable…when the right knife is used properly, it really makes you feel very "cheffy". I've already posted how to sharpen knives and keep them sharp, and the amazing chart below (which I totally copied from Kitchen Kapers) really helps you figure out exactly what knife to use (or buy) for the job at hand.
There is need to go crazy buying knifes. I recommend starting out with a good quality 8″ chef's knife (the workhorse and the most important tool in your kitchen, imho), a 3″ paring knife, 5″ Tomato/Utility Knife, a 10″ serrated bread knife and a honing (sharpening) steel. Just make sure you store them properly (I love my magnetic knife holder) and you should be ready to tackle any kitchen cutting job with ease.
Style of Knife | Shape of Knife | Ideal Job for Knife |
2 3/4″ Peeling Knife | For peeling of all round vegetables – potatoes, onions, etc. | |
3″, 4″ Paring Knifes | For paring, peeling and slicing small fruits and vegetables. | |
5″ Tomato/Utility Knife (Serrated) | For tomatoes, salami, croissants. | |
5 1/2″ Boning Knife | For separating meat from bone, cooked and uncooked. The smaller the size of the meat (or bone) the more flexible the blade should be and vice versa. | |
5″, 6″ Utility Knives | As the name indicates, for many, but not for all cutting jobs. Peeling, slicing, chopping, carving. | |
8″, 10″ Carving/Slicing Knives | For carving medium sized roasts and fowl, cutting large vegetables, fruit. | |
6″, 8″, 10″ Chef's Knives | For chopping and dicing. The knife handle is rocked up and down with one hand while the fingers on the other hand rest slightly on the back of the blade, towards the tip. | |
8″ Bread Knife (Serrated) | For cutting bread or any other food of soft substance with a tough skin or crust. | |
5″, 7″ Santoku Knives | For slicing and chopping. Hollow edge allows air between blade and item being cut for extra thin cutting. Unique edge must be sharpened by professional. | |
Cleaver | For chopping through joints or bones. | |
10″ Sharpening Steel | For sharpening the knives. A sharp knife will provide maximum safety. Use the sharpening steel regularly, preferably every other time the knife is used. |