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by Salman Hameed
Hawaii's governor, David Ige, has announced some new rules for Mauna Kea along with a go ahead to the construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT). He announced that some of the telescopes on the mountain to be decommissioned on the mountain. It is at least a nod to the protestors. Furthermore, he explicitly said that "we have failed the mountain" and pointed a finger at University of Hawaii for its poor stewardship. One important thing to note is that a state audit in the late 1990s was also scathing in its evaluation of university's management of the mountain. Here is more:
Governor David Ige
Ige said the university must make a commitment that there will be no more construction beyond the area where the Thirty Meter Telescope is planned for and called for at least one-fourth of the existing telescopes to be decommissioned by the time TMT is completed. He also wants the university to return all lands not needed for astronomy to the Department of Land and Natural Resources, which he said included more than 10,000 acres.
The govenor also called on the university to revisit prior lease terms for the existing telescopes, and to explore whether greater payments were due.
Ige plans to create a Mauna Kea Cultural Council that he said would add significant value in providing a cultural aspect to the management of the mountain. Supporting TMT would not be required for those who serve on the council, he said, adding that they would work with the Department of Land and Natural Resources and the governor's office to make sure the host culture is respected in the future.I think that the telescope closure proposal is still relatively modest but it may give him the necessary political breathing space. Some of the major opponents of the telescopes are still not convinced but we will see if Ige's announcement will break the momentum of the protestors. In the mean time, here is the reaction from one of the main TMT opponents:
Kealoha Pisciotta, a longtime Big Island critic of the Thirty Meter Telescope, said she's disappointed in Ige's comments, which she said lacked substance. "It created this illusion that we're going to do something without really doing much," she said, adding that his words will not prompt protesters to leave the mountain.
"He affirmed that they will move forward," she said of telescope construction. "The deep sadness I feel is that means our people will be arrested."In related news, charges against 10 of 31 anti-TMT protestors will be dropped. This again seems to be an action to assuage the protestors, but I'm surprised that it is not against all protestors, as the protests were peaceful:
Hawaii County's top prosecutor said Friday he will dismiss charges against about 10 of the 31 protesters who were arrested while blocking construction of a giant telescope on a mountain held sacred by Native Hawaiians.
Prosecuting Attorney Mitch Roth told The Associated Press he will drop the cases against those charged with trespassing, though his office might decide to re-file them later.
The remaining people arrested last month were charged with obstruction of government operations.And here is Pisciotta again along with one of the arrested protestors:
Kealoha Pisciotta, one of the Big Island leaders behind the effort to stop the telescope, said she's happy to hear some of the cases will be dismissed. "Fundamentally and morally, how can it be trespassing in our house of worship and prayer?" she said.
Kuuipo Freitas said being arrested for trespassing affected her "emotionally, spiritually, culturally."
"Honestly, I wasn't prepared. I didn't intend on getting arrested that day," she said. "It really didn't make sense to be arrested on our own aina (land)."
It's unclear if Freitas is among those whose trespassing charge will be dropped. Her attorney, Dexter Kaiama, who also represents eight others, declined to comment on specifics until a judge has signed off on the dismissals.Here is a report from Nature about Governor's Ige plan for Mauna Kea:
Perhaps most significantly, "the university must decommission as many telescopes as possible, with one to begin this year and at least 25% of all telescopes gone by the time the TMT is ready for operation," Ige said. The first to go will be the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory, whose closure was announced in 2009; it will start to be dismantled later this year.
But none of the other 12 telescopes had immediate plans to shutter. The submillimetre-wavelength James Clerk Maxwell Telescope is just beginning a new life under the operation of the East Asian Observatory. The 3.8-metre United Kingdom Infrared Telescope was similarly transferred from the UK's Science and Technology Facilities Council to the University of Hawaii in Manoa last year.
"This is all new to us," says Peter Michaud, a spokesman for the Gemini Observatory based in Hilo, Hawaii. "Until we learn more about it, we're not really able to say much of anything."
A 2010 plan commissioned by the university lays out a framework for how various observatories could be taken down. The governor's announcement is likely to accelerate those scenarios, says Günter Hasinger, director of the University of Hawaii's Institute for Astronomy in Manoa. "In principle this is nothing new," he says. "We have always made the point that the space on top of the mountain should only be populated by the best telescopes."
Ige's changes all push toward reducing impact on the mountain's 4,200-metre summit. The University of Hawaii leases more than 45 square kilometres as a science reserve. The current lease is good until the end of 2033, but Ige said that when that is up the university must return more than 40 square kilometres — all the land not needed for astronomy — to the state's Department of Land and Natural Resources. The university must also agree that the TMT location, which is a few hundred metres below the actual summit, is the last area on the mountain where any telescopes will ever be built.Lets see how things shape in the coming weeks. Will keep you posted.


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- "Make the units better with new technology. Make more of them. And make them cheaper."
The SPARTAN-III program was a secret project initiated by the Beta-5 Division of the Office of Naval Intelligence's Section-III in order to produce cheap and expendable super soldiers to fight for the survival of humanity and the United Nations Space Command's colonies.
The SPARTAN-III program was both the successor and supplement to the SPARTAN-II program. Created and engineered by Colonel James Ackerson of the Office of Naval Intelligence, the SPARTAN-III soldiers were to be the next generation of supersoldiers. Composed primarily of vengeful orphans from fallen colonies,[2] they would be cheaper to arm, train, and produce; being chosen from a wider pool of candidates, they would also be more numerous than their SPARTAN-II predecessors. They would rely on superior battle tactics, and teamwork rather than advanced technology and equipment to achieve their combat effectiveness.[3]
The SPARTAN-II program had been a dazzling success for the UNSC. Tales of Spartan super soldiers fighting off thousands of Covenant attacks had become the stuff of legend. Unfortunately, there were too few SPARTAN-IIs to turn the tide of the war. Even worse, the director of the program, Dr. Catherine Halsey, had postponed the training of new SPARTAN-IIs for years due to the extremely specific genetic requirements for the children to be selected.
The SPARTAN-II program also had several problems and deficiencies which overshadowed its success to ONI. Firstly, the high mortality rate of the children during augmentation was counter-productive to the purpose, drive, and ambition of the program. Next, funding the Spartan program, including their training and Mjolnir Armor, cost as much as a Battle Group, at least according to Rear Admiral Ned Rich.[4] Third, there were far too few of them for them to turn the tide of the war. Finally, the SPARTAN-II program had gone public to improve morale in 2547. Even though it was a huge morale boost to the UNSC, it was a problem for most of the Office of Naval Intelligence. ONI operated in secrecy, and anything that shone light on their operations was seen as detrimental to their efforts.
The SPARTAN-IIIs were designed to be cheaper and expendable. They would be trained in companies of 300 to 330 at a time, with a training regime tougher than that of the previous Spartan Program.[5]
Active Service[]
The SPARTAN-IIIs were sent on suicide missions that the UNSC could not accomplish with a conventional invasion force, elite Orbital Drop Shock Troopers, or even SPARTAN-IIs.[6] Though the casualty rates of the SPARTAN-IIIs stood at 100 percent on some missions, to ONI, all the operations were strategic successes. They were trading lives for time against the larger and technologically superior Covenant Empire. ONI hoped that in time, enough Spartans would survive to train more and more future Spartans, swelling the ranks of available super soldiers from only thirty SPARTAN-IIs in 2531 to a hundred thousand SPARTAN-IIIs within ten to twenty years-this hasn't come to pass.[3]
However, their inferior armor and almost always openly suicide missions made that very few SPARTAN-IIIs survived their first combat mission, and barely anyone survived the Human-Covenant War. Most of the rare survivors were the three members of the ''Ferret'' team, and mainly because they were created in the last stages of the war. Another of the exception, and the only one to help to recruit and train the SPARTAN-IV program future members, was Jun-A266.[7]
Known Personnel[]
Alpha Company[]
- Kai-A019 - Unknown status; likely killed in Operation: PROMETHEUS
- Emile-A239 - Reassigned to Noble Team. Confirmed KIA on Reach after being stabbed with an energy sword.
- Carter-A259 - Reassigned to Noble Team. Confirmed KIA on Reach after crashing a Pelican into a Scarab.
- Jun-A266 - Reassigned to Noble Team. Only confirmed member of the team alive after the Fall of Reach, after the war helped pick some of the very first SPARTAN-IVs.
- Kevin-A282 - Confirmed alive after the Fall of Reach and is active as of 2553.[8]
- Thom-A293 - Reassigned to Noble Team. Confirmed KIA after exploding a bomb inside a Covenant CCS-class battlecruiser during the Battle of Fumirole.
- Rosenda-A344- Unknown status
- Team Wolf Pack
- Robert-A057- KIA
- Shane-A112 - KIA
- Jane-A203 - KIA
Beta Company[]
- Owen-B092 - Active as of 2553[9]
- SPARTAN-B170 - Unknown
- SPARTAN-B312 - Reassigned to Noble Team. Confirmed KIA on Reach after being overwhelmed and killed by high ranking Elites.
- Catherine-B320 - Reassigned to Noble Team. Confirmed KIA on Reach after being shot in the back of the head by a Type-31 Rifle.
- Team Echo - KIA
- Team Foxtrot
- Team India - KIA
- Team Lima - KIA
- Team Romeo - KIA
- Team X-ray - MIA
- Headhunters
- Jonah-B283 - KIA
- Roland-B210 - KIA
Gamma Company[]
- Team Gladius - KIA - Found deceased after several days of fleeing from Sentinels
- Team Katana - Last known to under-go resuscitative surgery after being clinically KIA in Slipspace Field Pods
- Team Saber
- Holly-G003 - KIA[10]
- Ash-G099 - Reassigned to ONI "Ferret" team;[11] listed KIA, September 2553[12]
- Dante-G188 - KIA
- Olivia-G291 - Reassigned to ONI "Ferret" team;[13] listed KIA, September 2553[12]
- Mark-G313 - Reassigned to ONI "Ferret" team;[13] listed KIA, September 2553[12]
Spartan-III Companies[]
Alpha Company[]
- Main article: SPARTAN-III Alpha Company
On December 27, 2531, the first group of Spartan-IIIs, known as Alpha Company, were sent to Onyx to be trained at Camp Currahee. They were led by Kurt-051 a SPARTAN-II operating under the pseudonym "Ambrose." Of the 497 candidates who were conscripted, only 300 became Spartans. This class of Spartans all survived the augmentations and was activated in November of 2536. Their record was at first exemplary, as they saw action at the Insurrection of Mamore, the Battle of New Constantinople, and at the Bonanza Asteroid Belt. Nine months after they were activated, they were massacred in Operation: PROMETHEUS. All of the three-hundred Spartans deployed on the mission were supposedly killed. The only fire team mentioned for Alpha Company is Team Wolf Pack.[14]
An unknown number of Alpha Company's members, deemed to match the criteria used in selecting the SPARTAN-II candidates, were hand-picked by Mendez and Kurt before Operation: PROMETHEUS and extracted from the company. These Spartans were assigned to other units, and given equipment on par with the Spartan-IIs, including the Mjolnir Armor, to make them equally efficient on the battlefield. By 2552, four of these Spartans served with Noble Team; Carter-A259, Jun-A266, Emile-A239 and Thom-A293.[15]
Beta Company[]
- Main article: SPARTAN-III Beta Company
Beta Company was approved right after Operation: PROMETHEUS in 2537. 418 candidates were conscripted in 2539, but only 300 became Spartans. Kurt-051 was disheartened at the loss of his first Spartans, and trained this group in unit cohesiveness along with a tougher training program. Though they were even better trained than the previous Spartans, they were similarly massacred in Operation: TORPEDO in 2545. From the entire company, only two participants survived the battle.[16]
As with Alpha Company, several members of Beta Company deemed too valuable to be wasted on suicide missions were pulled out of the unit before Operation: TORPEDO. Some of them were assigned to "non-combat roles" as a cover, much to Ackerson's dismay, as he wanted to have all Spartans in the field. Like the personnel extracted from Alpha Company, they were issued with special equipment such as the MJOLNIR. These included SPARTAN-B312 and Catherine-B320, both of which later served with Noble Team.[15]
Gamma Company[]
- Main article: SPARTAN-III Gamma Company
Gamma Company was trained with the help of the only two Spartan-IIIs from Beta Company who survived Operation: TORPEDO: Tom-B292 and Lucy-B091. Lieutenant Commander Ambrose regarded Gamma Company as "the finest Spartans ever."[17] 330 candidates were selected, on average only six years old, and at the request of Kurt, all 330 were approved. Every one of them survived the augmentation procedures.[18] Gamma Company received deployment orders only a few weeks after the Fall of Reach, and most left Onyx before the Battle of Onyx.[19] Only fifteen SPARTAN-IIIs remained on Onyx as they competed for top honors. Following the Battle of Onyx, seven had been killed in action. Teams Gladius and Katana were not present in the early stages of the battle, leaving only Team Saber. Team Saber was the only SPARTAN-III unit to fight alongside the SPARTAN-II unit Blue Team. With the help of their older, more experienced counterparts, they successfully fought off a Covenant attack along with destroying a Sentinel manufacturing facility. Ultimately, the surviving SPARTAN-IIIs escaped to the Shield World at the core of Onyx.[20]
Delta Company[]
- Main article: SPARTAN-III Delta Company
Delta Company was proposed, and Camp Currahee was being prepared for their arrival when the Battle of Onyx began on October 31, 2552. With the death of Kurt-051 and the disappearances of SCPO Franklin Mendez and Dr. Catherine Halsey, as well as the immediate concerns of the Battle of Earth and the disintegration of Onyx, it is highly unlikely that Delta Company will ever be trained.[21][22]
A number of soldiers were specially selected and separated from their respective companies to fight in smaller fireteams.
- Main article: Headhunters
Only SPARTAN-IIIs who have survived two or more specially assigned training missions can join the "Headhunters." These two-man teams of SPARTAN-IIIs go on missions far behind enemy lines and are typically expected to die in combat. The Headhunters' existence is secret even to their peers. Once selected, candidates for the program are separated from their fellow SPARTANs and are sent to specialist training camps on the far side of Onyx.[23] The Headhunters are comprehensively evaluated in order to ensure an effective bond between the members of each team. A contingent of six two-man teams, as well as five additional Headhunters, is maintained at all times to ensure the program's numbers remain constant should one or both members of a team be lost.[24] The Headhunters' SPI armor is more advanced than the suits issued to most SPARTAN-IIIs, as it includes energy shielding, motion sensors, and VISR technology, and can also support a prototype active camouflage module.[25]
Noble Team[]
- Main article: Noble Team
Noble Team is a special operations squad of the UNSC's Special Warfare Command. Unlike the Headhunter program, Noble Team is entirely separate from the SPARTAN-III program itself, being made up of SPARTAN-IIIs extracted from both Alpha and Beta Companies.[26] Composed of five SPARTAN-IIIs and a SPARTAN-II, Noble Team employed special tactics and expensive but extremely advanced equipment such as a variant of the Mjolnir Armor, which is much more advanced than the cheaper Semi-Powered Infiltration armor issued to most SPARTAN-IIIs. Their most notable combat deployment was during the Fall of Reach. The team was commanded by Carter-A259, with Catherine-B320 as his second in command. Although the entire unit was confirmed KIA, with the exception of Jun-A266, their sniper, they were able to deliver a fragment of Cortana to the UNSC Pillar of Autumn, contributing to the survival of humanity.
Operational History[]
The operational history of the SPARTAN-III program has been marked by success and tragedy. Many of the operations undertaken by the soldiers were suicide missions, but were listed as successes by the UNSC.
2536 - 2537[]
- Alpha Company is activated.
- Alpha Company quells Insurrection at Mamore - Success.
- Battle of New Constantinople - Success.
- Operations in the Bonanza Asteroid Belt - Success.
- Six other successful unnamed battles in which Alpha Company participated.[14]
- July 27, 2537 - August 2, 2537 - Operation: PROMETHEUS - Success, all participants confirmed KIA.[27]
- Candidates for Beta Company are selected.
- Before May 30, 2545 - Operation: CARTWHEEL - Unknown
- July 3, 2545 - Operation: TORPEDO - Success, all but two participants confirmed KIA.
- Candidates for Gamma Company are selected.
- July 24 to August 30, 2552 - Noble Team participates in the Fall of Reach. All but Jun-A266 confirmed KIA.
- September/October, 2552 - The majority of Gamma Company are sent out on an unknown mission.
- October 31, 2552 - November 3, 2552 - Battle of Onyx.
- Survivors of the Battle of Onyx are trapped by the Covenant in a shield world until rescued by UNSC forces.
SPI Armor[]
- Main article: Semi-Powered Infiltration armor
Semi-Powered Infiltration armor, colloquially called "SPI Armor," is a powered armor system used by the SPARTAN-IIIs. Though far more advanced and far more powerful than the ODST combat suit, it is less advanced and less powerful than the Mjolnir Armor used by the SPARTAN-IIs. Its main benefit was that it is drastically cheaper to produce than the Mjolnir Armor.
This armor is designed with an emphasis on stealth rather than raw power. It features photo-reactive panels that mimic the surrounding textures which were developed by UNSC scientists. It has been described as "part legionnaire mail, part tactical body armor, and part chameleon." It lacks the energy shielding of the Mark V and VI Mjolnir Armor designs, and a single "splash" from an enemy plasma weapon melts the suit's photo-reactive panels, rendering its camouflage capabilities useless.
Mjolnir Armor[]
- Main article: Mjolnir Powered Assault Armor/Mark V
Several Spartan-IIIs extracted from their main companies were issued with the Mjolnir Powered Assault Armor to improve their combat prowess. These included the SPARTAN-IIIs of Noble Team, who wore specialized permutations of the most recent Mark V model in 2552. In addition, some of them utilized a variant that was specifically developed for SPECWAR/Group Three; the Mark V[B].
Augmentation Procedures[]
- Main article: Project CHRYSANTHEMUM
The SPARTAN-IIIs underwent enhancement procedures similar to those of the SPARTAN-IIs, but with higher success rates due to advancements in technology. The rate of survival went up from 44% for the SPARTAN-IIs to 100% for the SPARTAN-IIIs.[28]
- The naming convention of the SPARTAN-III companies follows the Greek alphabet (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, etc.). Each individual SPARTAN-III's identifier becomes A, B, or G (letter of respective company), followed by a three-digit number between 001 and 497 (Alpha Company), 418 (Beta Company), or 330 (Gamma Company), such as Ash-G099 and Catherine-B320 . This numbering system is very much like that of the SPARTAN-IIs.
- For some reason, Ash-G099 was referred to as a private. This may suggest that the SPARTAN-IIIs were actually Marine-esque personnel. Evidence of this includes the use of Long Range Stealth Orbital Insertion Pods, a more sophisticated counterpart to the SOEIVs used by the ODSTs, and their only known combat experience being ground operations. However, the reference to Ash being a private may simply be a mistake, since Tom-B292, Lucy-B091, and the members of Noble Team are given Navy ranks.
- The number of 300 SPARTAN-IIIs in both Alpha and Beta companies, who were both massacred but completed their missions and took on a Covenant force numbering in the high thousands is a reference to the last stand of the 300 Spartans in the Battle of Thermopylae.
- The protagonist of Halo: Reach is SPARTAN-B312, a SPARTAN-III who was pulled from Beta Company right after training.[15]
- During Dr. Halsey's first appearance in Halo: Reach, she seems to show more hostility to the SPARTAN-IIIs (threatening to throw Kat in the brig and having a dispute with Carter) and then having a complete different personality towards Jorge who is a SPARTAN-II. This could be because the SPARTAN-IIIs are not her "creation" and she was "the matriarch of the SPARTAN-IIs." It could also be numerous other factors including that Col. James Ackerson had started the SPARTAN-III program to her own intellectuality as one of the UNSC's brightest.
- It remains at least ironical James Ackerson instigated the creation of SPARTAN-III program, as previously he was a frontal oppositor of the SPARTAN-II, and even attempted to indirectly kill the Master Chief during a field test.
- In Halo: Ghosts of Onyx, Doctor Halsey seems to have no knowledge of the SPARTAN-III program other than it's name, yet in Halo: Reach she met Noble Team, who all except Jorge were SPARTAN-IIIs.
- Halo: Ghosts of Onyx (First appearance)
- Halo: Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe
- Halo: Reach
- Halo: Battle Born
See also[]
- ↑ Halo: Ghosts of Onyx, page 46
- ↑ Halo: Ghosts of Onyx, page 70
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Halo: Ghosts of Onyx, pages 44-48
- ↑ Halo: Ghosts of Onyx, page 45
- ↑ Halo: Ghosts of Onyx, page 67
- ↑ Halo: Ghosts of Onyx, Pages 15, 47
- ↑ Halo: Initiation – Issue #1
- ↑ Halo: Fractures - Extraordinary Tales from the Halo Canon - Breaking Strain
- ↑ Outpost Discovery
- ↑ Letter from Eric Nylund
- ↑ Halo: Last Light
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Halo Waypoint – Forums – CATALOG INTERACTION
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Cite error: Invalid
tag; no text was provided for refs namedLastLight
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Halo: Ghosts of Onyx, pages 81-83
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Bungie.net: Communique from Kurt to Mendez
- ↑ Halo: Ghosts of Onyx, Prologue
- ↑ Halo: Ghosts of Onyx-Page 98
- ↑ Halo: Ghosts of Onyx, pages 96-120
- ↑ Halo: Ghosts of Onyx, page 139
- ↑ Halo: Ghosts of Onyx, pages 369-383
- ↑ Halo: Ghosts of Onyx, Page 121
- ↑ Halo: Encyclopedia, Page 85
- ↑ Halo: Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe, Page 161
- ↑ Halo: Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe, Page 160
- ↑ Halo: Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe, Page 163 - 165
- ↑ Bungie.net: NOBLE TEAM PERFORMANCE REPORTS
- ↑ Halo: Ghosts of Onyx, pages 83-88
- ↑ Halo: Ghosts of Onyx, Page 63

subset: commoncrawl


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There are more and more online casinos available right now. pussy888 kiosk download are great because they allow us to gamble when we want and wherever we want to. However, sometimes it is nice to be able to go to a real, old fashioned casino. The United States is famous for its casinos, and if you happen to be in Iowa, you may want to have a look inside one. There is nothing quite like a real casino, after all. The sounds of the slot machines, people pulling on the one armed bandits, cards shuffling, waiters and waitresses walking around clinking glasses, the smell of money and chips. Luckily, if you do find yourself in Iowa, there are plenty of places you could go to. Here is a list of some of the best casinos you will be able to find in the state.
List of Iowa Casinos (Casino, City, County)
Prairie Meadows, Altoona, Polk
Diamond Jo Casino – Worth, Northwood, Worth
Harrah's Casino & Hotel, Council Bluffs, Pottawattamie
Ameristar, Council Bluffs, Pottawattamie
Horseshoe Council Bluffs, Council Bluffs, Pottawattamie
Terrible's Lakeside Casino, Osceola, Clarke
Isle of Capri, Bettendorf, Scott
Grand Falls Casino, Larchwood, Lyon
Rhythm City, Davenport, Scott
Mystique, Dubuque, Dubuque
Diamond Jo Casino, Dubuque, Dubuque
Wild Rose Casino and Resort, Emmettsburg, Palo Alto
Catfish Bend, Burlington, Des Moines
Isle of Capri, Marquette, Clayton
Blackbird Bend Casino, Onawa, Monona
Wild Rose Casino and Resort, Clinton, Clinton
Riverside Casino & Golf Resort, Riverside, Washington
Meskwaki Casino, Toledo, Tama
WinnaVegas, Sloan, Woodbury
Argosy, Sioux City, Woodbury
Isle of Capri, Waterloo, Black Hawk
As you can see, there are quite a large number of casinos to choose from, with the biggest amount of choices being in the Pottawattamie County. However, you do have to understand that Iowa isn't like Las Vegas or Reno. There are no full strips with casino upon casino. Nor are there the insane buildings that we know from popular culture. Don't go to Iowa if you want to go to a casino that includes a boxing match and a concert by Celine Dion, for instance. However, those are the casinos for tourists. What Iowa has to offer is casinos the way casinos are supposed to be. They are reasonably large buildings with all the games you could possibly choose. There are slot machines, Black Jack tables, poker tables, roulette tables and crab games. Some casinos may even have closed off poker VIP rooms and even poker tournaments.
Most of the casinos are operated by Native Americans, who are known the world over for starting casinos all over the United States. This means that these are real, cultural and ethnic casinos, rather than the glitz and glamour you may have expected because you have seen various movies about what goes on in Vegas. This doesn't make these casinos any less nice, however.


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English Words Teacher - is an app for beginners to learn and practice English words. It uses a British speaker.
You can learn new words using a tried and tested method - flash cards. English Words Teacher does not teach grammar, but helps you to increase your vocabulary. It's actually easy and fun game. It can be used by both adults and kids.
. Different teaching modes: Find the Word, Find the Picture and Type the Word
. You can hear each word
. 4 word packs: Casual, Food, Shopping and City life
. 3 difficulty packs
mowida 14:09:2015, 18:02good luck |


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Le Morne Lunch Box
Takeout has a whole new meaning once you set eyes on the Le Morne Lunch Box. It is the playful bag you never knew you wanted. Inspired by the ladies who brunch in New York City, Le Morne is the bag you want to have on you when going to the beach or Central Park. Carry the bag by the handle or wear it cross body for hands-free exploring, concrete jungle style.
Continue reading


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It's been over a month! WOW! It is way too hot here to create.
Here is what I have to show you today….
This card is quite shimmery as I used a lot of white pearl paint (Shimmerz for you guys). This is not exactly how I wanted this card to come out as but I had no time to work more on it, otherwise I would have applied silver glitter on the twirls of paper strips and added a few more fillers.
Okay so as always the flowers are handmade and so are the leaves. The white flowers are hand drawn. This time I made my own designer paper. Designed it on PhotoShop. I hope you guys like the card. The card does not look as good as it does IRL.
Have a good day everyone!


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About The Three Horseshoes
The Three Horseshoes has been on Pit House Lane, Leamside in County Durham for over 100 years. In times gone by it served a thriving mining community but has changed over recent years to be a popular destination food and real ale house.
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Food is served all day including Breakfast from a selection of menus to suit all tastes, appetites and budgets.
Not only are we the brewery tap for the Working Hand Brewery but work hard to source the very best of micro brewery real ales from across the country. All our fresh food is sourced from local butchers, bakers, fishmongers and fruit and vegetable wholesalers. We take pride in having over 15 times more fridge than freezer space and all food is freshly cooked and prepared on site.
We are passionate about the British pub and are proud to be a part of it - warm welcome awaits all. Our businesses have won many awards – most notably the Campaign for Real Ale's (CAMRA) North East Pub of the Year for an unprecedented 4 consecutive years. Praise in the local press rewards our staff for their hard work and a high level of customer loyalty makes it all worthwhile.


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Sandra Steingraber is my hero. Her book, Having Faith: An Ecologist's Journey to Motherhood, chronicles her own pregnancy from both a scientific and personal perspective. It's beautifully and lovingly written—yet for a pregnant woman it's also a tough read. Trained as a biologist, Steingraber meticulously documents the toxic hazards we live with every day, and that threaten each crucial stage of fetal development.
It's not a pretty picture.
One point stands out: it's the fetus, not an adult human, who really lives at the top of the food chain. Rethink all the textbook food chain charts you've seen in your life, where the silhouette of a grown man stands at the top, above all the flora and fauna. It should be a pregnant woman standing there, with a big arrow pointing at her belly. And "biomagnification" means that the higher up an animal is on the food chain, the greater its exposure to toxic chemicals. Sometimes, those concentrations rise by a factor of 10, or even 100, with each successive step up the food chain. The fetus, at the pinnacle of that chain, absorbs a higher concentration of food-borne and water-borne chemicals than its mother—at the very stage of life when it is most susceptible to toxic insult. In Steingraber's words, "of all members of a human population, fetuses are most vulnerable to toxic harm."
The potential consequences are serious. Toxic chemicals and pollutants have been linked with a range of birth defects and developmental delays, from the subtle to the acute: hyperactivity, learning disorders, impaired intellectual capacity, behavioral disorders, immune system impairments, compromised reproductive capacity, heart defects, circulatory problems, mental retardation, cancer, and deformed faces, limbs, and genitals, just to name a few of the nightmarish things that keep pregnant women up at night.
The thing is, some of these toxics are virtually ubiquitous in the environment—there's no way to avoid all of them, no matter how careful you are. So, for all of the choices I've made to ensure the healthiest possible outcome for my pregnancy, there are just as many decisions about toxic chemicals that were already made for me.
So…is the fetus growing in my belly made of sugar and spice…or lead and mercury?
Coal-fired power plants are the largest source of mercury in the US. The mercury released from smokestacks here and abroad rains down into waterways, where natural processes convert it into methylmercury—a form that allows the toxin to wend its way up the food chain into fish.
I wonder what would happen if we reminded more mothers and fathers (and grandmothers, aunts, teachers, policymakers) that mercury—a toxic, persistent pollutant that accumulates in the food chain—can create serious risks for children, including "poor performance on neurobehavioral tasks, such as those measuring attention, fine motor function, language skills, visual-spatial abilities and verbal memory." Would they pay more attention to climate legislation that would shift our dependence on dirty fossil fuels to cleaner, safer technologies?
Or is the alternative really just to keep pumping more resources into special-needs programs in our schools? Really??
According to a February 2009 report by Environmental News Service, "some 1,100 coal-fired units at more than 450 existing power plants emit 48 tons of mercury into the air each year." Yet only 1/70th of a teaspoon of mercury is needed to contaminate a 25-acre lake to the point where fish are unsafe to eat. All but two US states have instituted fish consumption advisories, with over half of those mercury advisories applying to all water bodies in the state. A study released in August found that every fish in nearly 300 streams across the country was contaminated—one quarter of them at levels higher than EPA standards for human consumption. In November, the EPA released a study that found the neurotoxin mercury in game fish in 49 percent of lakes and reservoirs nationwide. (The study also found polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs—a mostly banned industrial chemical and probable carcinogen—in game fish at levels of potential concern in 17 percent of lakes and reservoirs sampled across the nation.) The Centers for Disease Control has found that as many as six percent of American women have mercury in their blood at levels that would put a fetus at risk of neurological damage.
Until quite recently, doctors and scientists thought that the womb worked as a magic barrier that kept everything bad away from a fetus. Not so. In fact, as Steingraber points out, the placenta invites some substances of a certain weight or profile—lead, for example—to come right in. Lead, it turns out, is a traveling companion to calcium. The placenta wants to deliver much-needed calcium to the developing body, and brain-damaging lead comes along for the ride. Lead has been shown to cause lower IQ scores in children. It is linked to mental retardation, anemia, hearing loss, and nerve damage, as well as aggression, poor language skills, short attention spans, hyperactivity, and delinquency. "We now know that lead can decrease mental acuity at levels one sixth those required to trigger physical symptoms," Steingraber writes, "There is no safe threshold for lead exposure in fetuses."
But lead—for all its lingering residue in our houses, our gardens, our air and water, and for all its lasting neurological effects—is actually a policy success story.
Lead has been in use since Roman times (even then, it was linked with mental illness, disease, and death), but over the last several decades, public health campaigns and new regulations have focused on reducing exposures. The success of these reduction efforts can be measured by declining blood level concentrations in humans. But it was an uphill battle to institute the strong community standards that resulted in these successes. Here's a lead policy timeline—showing a progression from grave error to common sense:
- 1923: Leaded gasoline went on sale for the first time in the United States.
- 1925: After a rash of deaths in the plants that produced the gasoline additive, the US Surgeon General temporarily suspended the production and sale of leaded gasoline—but soon after, the lead industry released its own quick study that indicated no problems with lead exposure and the ban was lifted. No compulsory standards were set for 5 decades.
- 1925, an international covenant banned lead-based paints for interior use in much of the world, acknowledging that lead was a neurotoxin. Faced again with industry pressure (namely from Lead Industry Associates), the United States was not a signatory to the agreement (around the same time, the lead industry also successfully lobbied against restrictions on lead in US plumbing and fought labeling requirements that
would warn buyers not to use lead paint on children's toys, furniture, or rooms.). - 1973: The US Environmental Protection Agency initiated a phase-out of leaded gasoline.
- 1977: Lead paint banned in the US.
- 1990: Lead in gasoline was banned completely–after 70 years of use, with 15.4 billion pounds of lead released into the atmosphere, much of which has sifted down into the topsoil.
Because of lax community standards in place in the United States through much of the 20th century, most homes built before 1978 contain lead paint—and children and pregnant women living in those homes continue to face risks from it. A Right-to-Know law to warn of these risks in real estate transactions and rental agreements was implemented by the EPA in 1996. But since lead was phased out, levels in the human body have plummeted. According to the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention, average concentrations of lead in the US population's blood have decline by a whopping 75 percent between 1976 and 1991, and fell even further by 2002.
Steps are still being taken to eradicate lead for good. In 2008, after a scare about lead-contaminated toys imported from China, Washington's Gov. Christine Gregoire signed the Children's Safe Products Act boasting the toughest lead standards in the nation, a limit of 90 parts per million (ppm). Then the US Congress passed its own law with lead standards, the Consumer Product Safety Modernization Act, signed by President Bush in August.
Meanwhile, it's been an even steeper uphill battle to rein in mercury pollution—a decades-long battle in which community standards have made little headway. In 2009, after a federal appeals court threw out plans drafted by the Bush administration and favored by industry, the Obama administration said it would begin crafting new regulations to control mercury emissions from power plants. The Bush rule would have allowed power plants to buy and sell pollution credits, instead of requiring each plant to install equipment to reduce mercury pollution. The EPA has also proposed a new regulation to clamp down on emissions of mercury from cement plants. These are baby steps—and they come far later than common sense would dictate (that is, if human health came before industry profit in legislative decision-making.)
I'll write about this more later, but fish (the food that's most likely to contain unhealthy levels of mercury for pregnant women) is also one of the best sources of omega-3 fats (DHA and EPA), some of the best stuff in the world for brain development.
On the surface, our culture appears obsessed with preventing and detecting birth defects. Pregnancy books are rife with cautions against alcohol and cigarettes during pregnancy. A pregnant women with a glass of wine in her hand can get furious stares in polite company. Yet society's obsession with fetal health has limits: it focuses almost exclusively on the personal choices of a pregnant woman. The choices we make together as a community—the standards we choose for our water and air and food, and how our electricity is produced—can be just as important to fetal health as personal decisions, yet all too often are simply overlooked—or outright trumped by pressure for profit.
But if we insist that a pregnant woman make responsible choices for her baby—and declare anything less reckless and irresponsible—shouldn't we demand the same high standards for the community at large?
Image courtesy: Wigwam Jones, Flickr.com.
This post originally appeared at Sightline's Daily Score blog.


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Today, senators on Capitol Hill are digging into a big question - how much did Russia use social media to influence a presidential election in this country? This is an issue we have been covering on NPR all week long. Now, this morning, lawyers from Facebook, Google and Twitter have been grilled by members of the Senate intelligence committee. They'll likely face the same in the House intelligence committee later this afternoon. NPR's Aarti Shahani is covering all of this. She's in our studios in Washington. Hey, Aarti.
AARTI SHAHANI, BYLINE: Hi.
GREENE: So I guess the big question on my mind is are senators actually learning anything about what Russia was able to pull off here using U.S. tech firms?
SHAHANI: So this is a really key point. The hearing so far is very focused on establishing the basics, and it is not a simple story line, OK? It's not Russian operatives with a hundred thousand dollars delivered the election the President Trump, right?
GREENE: (Laughter) Well, that would be straight and easy. We could all get out of here.
SHAHANI: Right, right. So in his opening remarks, Senator Richard Burr, a Republican from North Carolina, you know, he really hit that point that from what we know so far the three states most targeted by the foreign ads were Maryland, Missouri and New York. None of them are swing states. And again, from what they know, more of the geographically targeted ads they ran in 2015, not 2016, which isn't what you'd expect. You'd expect a ramp up to November, right?
GREENE: Yeah, certainly, if you're trying to influence an election, you would not expect it to be...
SHAHANI: To go down.
GREENE: ...At its height in 2015.
SHAHANI: Correct, correct.
GREENE: Yeah.
SHAHANI: Wrong direction.
GREENE: Yeah. You keep emphasizing from what they know. I mean, what - explain that because what don't we know? It sounds like a lot.
SHAHANI: So much. I mean, that's my skepticism and the senators' too, you know, what really happened, the impact, the numbers? It's a moving target. Several weeks ago, a Facebook security chief said that Russian-linked accounts spent $100,000 total, OK? Then in advance of yesterday's hearing, the company says there were 80,000 ads that reached 126 million people, which, you know, it just sounds like a far bigger footprint.
GREENE: Yeah.
SHAHANI: And then it also turns out 16 million people were reached on Instagram, which Facebook also owns. So, you know, will the size get bigger? It could. And that's a key point Senator Mark Warner raised, a Democrat from Virginia. Warner is someone who made a fortune as a tech investor, OK? He knows. And let's have a listen to his opening remarks.
MARK WARNER: Someone who deeply respects the tech industry and who was involved in that industry for more than 20 years, it's taken me quite a bit of time - and I'm still learning - to truly understand the nature of this threat. Even I struggled to keep up with the language and the mechanics, the difference between bots, trolls and fake accounts, how they generate likes, tweets and shares.
SHAHANI: You know, see - you hear that from someone who is a tech insider and you figure they've got a lot of homework to do.
GREENE: It sounds that way. And Senator Warner basically saying you're not going to get anything past me because I know this world. Has the committee looked at any specific political ads to get an idea of what was really happening, or are they just focusing on numbers?
SHAHANI: Yeah, no, David, this is key. So Senator Burr talked about two Facebook groups associated with the Internet Research Agency, the Russian troll group based in Saint Petersburg. The first group called the Heart of Texas has - it had 250,000 followers. It promoted protests and causes and anti-immigration and anti-Muslim sentiments. Now, a second group called United Muslims of America, it had 328,000 followers and claimed to support pro-Islamic themes - tagline is I'm Muslim and I'm proud. Now, both of these groups organized rallies - one anti-Muslim, one pro-Muslim - at the same time and same place in front of an Islamic center in Houston. So what does that tell us? Two things. First of all, it's not just digital. There is a straight line from online to real world.
GREENE: Yeah.
SHAHANI: And, you know, it's rabble-rousing.
GREENE: All right. NPR's Aarti Shahani. Thanks, Aarti.
SHAHANI: Thank you. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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J 0009/84 (Claims fees) 30-04-1985
Download and more information:
Claims fees
Claims fees/allocation of
Abandonment of claims
I. On 4 October 1982, the applicant filed international application PCT/US82/01439, selecting the EPO as designated Office for Belgium and France. This international application - like the US priority application - contained 30 claims. By two letters (plus enclosures) dated 3 June 1983 and received by the EPO on 6 June 1983, the applicant initiated the regional phase before the EPO, paying the fees pursuant to Rule 104b EPC except the claims fees, in which connection he explained that "The claims fees together with a revised set of claims, reduced in number, will follow shortly."
II. By letter of 13 July 1983, the applicant informed the EPO inter alia that "The claims fee is to be allocated to claims 1 to 3, 5, 6, 8, 14, 15, 18 to 23 and 25 of the International Applications as published", at the same time paying five claims fees at DM 60, i.e. DM 300. By letter of 4 August 1983, the Receiving Section informed the applicant that it regarded as unpaid the claims fees payable in respect of claims 11 to 13, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26-30. As was indicated by a typewritten postscript, this meant that the Receiving Section had taken the view that no fees were payable in respect of claims 1 to 10 and had allocated to claims 14, 15, 18, 19 and 20 the five claims fees paid, giving the applicant two months to pay the remainder.
III. After an exchange of letters, the applicant paid under protest four further claims fees, which the Receiving Section allocated to claims 21, 22, 23 and 25. The applicant requested an appealable decision in the event that the five claims fees originally paid could not be allocated to the claims in the first numerical order given in paragraph II above.
IV. By decision of 13 March 1984, the Receiving Section refused to allocate the claims fees as requested, essentially on the grounds that under Rule 31(1) only claims from the 11th onwards incur fees, with the result that any selection is limited to those fees. Nor, therefore, could the four claims fees (amounting to DM 240) paid under protest be refunded.
V. On 11 April 1984, the applicant filed an appeal against this decision, at the same time paying the fee for appeal and setting out the grounds, namely that the quantitative restrictions of Rule 31(1) EPC - "more than ten" and "over and above that number" - were to be understood as including claims 1 to 10. An applicant filing more that ten claims could allocate the claims fees he paid to whichever claims he wished, including those amongst the first ten.
VI. Informed in an interim communication of the interpretation of Rule 31 EPC to which the Board of Appeal tended, the appellant reiterated his views, adding that Rule 31 was a purely fiscal provision intended to go some way towards compensating the EPO for the extra work a multiplicity of claims involved; for which particular claims fees were paid was in no way germane to this purpose. The appellant further contended that the Board was not entitled to consider preparatory documents to the EPC concerning the exemption from fees of the first ten claims. Moreover, the differences between the text of Rule 31(1) EPC and the preparatory documents in the three languages were purely questions of linguistics from which no conclusions could be drawn. Lastly, international applicants could amend the claims before entry into the regional phase, inter alia by selecting at will from amongst all the claims originally filed. If any doubt remained as to the interpretation to be given to Rule 31, reference could also be made to national law under Article 125 EPC. In this connection the PCT Applicant's Guide (Volume II, paragraphs SE. 04(i), 05 and 08) indicated that in Sweden the applicant was able to select claims numbered between 1 and 10 as claims incurring fees, even after entry into the national phase.
VII. The appellant requests that the contested decision be set aside and that four claims fees and the fee for appeal be reimbursed.
1. The appeal complies with Articles 106 to 108 and Rule 64 EPC and is therefore admissible.
2. Whether Rule 31(1), 1st sentence EPC means that the first ten claims are exempt from fees but those from No. 11 onwards are not, or whether it merely exempts from fees a total of ten claims regardless of numerical order, depends in the first instance on its text, giving the terms used their ordinary meaning in their context. In all three languages this text makes reference to the claims contained in the application at the time of filing and provides for ten of those claims to be exempt from claims fees. The natural interpretation is that the exemption relates to the first ten claims in the application as filed. The applicant is able before filing to place first those claims for which he is seeking this exemption, which cannot then be transferred from claims deleted after filing to claims numbered 11 onwards.
3. The view that the words "in respect of each claim over and above that number" relate to the claims as numbered rather than just their number is clearly confirmed by the French text, which states that a fee is payable in respect of each claim "en sus de la dixième" (not "en sus de dix"). This is also confirmed by the original (German) text of the Reports on the 1971 Second Preliminary Draft of the EPC (point 35, p. 45); it uses the words "vom elften Patentanspruch an", after which a special fee is payable. Contrary to the appellant's unsupported contention, applying international law as recognised in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 23 May 1969, the Board is in fact perfectly entitled to draw on the preparatory documents to confirm its opinion (see Decision Gr 05/83 of the Enlarged Board of Appeal dated 5 December 1984, OJ EPO 3/1985, p. 64 et seq., especially point 5(5), p. 65).
4. As the text of Rule 31(1) EPC permits clear interpretation to the effect that fees are payable in respect of claims numbered 11 onwards only, there is no need to consider whether a more liberal interpretation would meet the Rule's purpose, which the appellant takes to be financial compensation to the EPO in respect of extra work caused by the number of claims. In any event, the Board disagrees; it considers the main purpose of Rule 31 EPC to be to induce the applicant to limit the protection sought to a certain number of claims, in the first instance for the purposes of the European search. This is why Rule 86 (1) EPC rules out any amendment (inter alia deletion) of the claims until the search report has been received.
5. The present case concerns an international application under the PCT. Under Rule 104b(1) EPC, in such a case the time limit for payment of any claims fees is determined not by the international application's date of filing but by its date of transmittal under Article 22(1) or 39(1) PCT. In accordance with Article 19 PCT, in international proceedings under the PCT the applicant may amend the claims after receiving the international search report, although under Rule 46.1 PCT he must do this before the International Bureau within a period of two months, i.e. before entry into the national or regional phase. Under Article 28 PCT, whether the claims may be amended in the national or regional phase is determined by the relevant provisions of the national or regional law applicable. As regards the amendment of claims and the claims fees payable, from the date of transmittal to the EPO the same applies to an international as to a European application.
6. The question whether Rule 31(1) EPC exempts certain claims - and,clf if so, which - from claims fees cannot be regarded as one of procedural law. For this reason, Article 125 EPC is not applicable in the present case and there is, therefore, no need to consider the appellant's statements regarding Swedish practice in connection with claims fees.
7. As the appeal cannot succeed, for the foregoing reasons, the requirements under Rule 67 EPC for reimbursement of the fee for appeal are not satisfied.
For these reasons, it is decided that:
1. The appeal against the decision of the Receiving Section of 13 March 1984 is dismissed.
2. The request for reimbursement of the fee for appeal is refused.


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Think of all the great writers who have made their hometowns literary history — William Faulkner, Zora Neale Hurston, Thomas Wolfe, to name a few. Now, Susan Straight is getting the same praise for her portrayal of Riverside, Calif. It's a small town at the foot of the San Bernardino Mountains, an hour east of Los Angeles.
Read any of Straight's 10 books, and you hear tales of a tight-knight black community in a working-class neighborhood, with voices that sound lively and real. Then you meet Straight, and do a double take: she is petite and blond. And as she told Kirkus Reviews at last year's Austin Book Festival, she sounds the way she sounds because of where she calls home:
"I still live in the same place I've lived all my life. And even though I look like this, most of the characters [in my books] are black or mixed race, because that's the community I live in."
Many of the stories from Straight's neighbors and friends end up woven through her books, although it can take a while for them to get there. A riveting story, first told by an elderly family friend decades ago, finally made its way into Between Heaven and Here, her latest novel in a trilogy that spans three centuries.
Straight says this is the tale he told her, about almost starving when he was a small child growing up near a Florida turpentine forest:
"I was so hungry, and I was so angry about it, that one day, I knew where there was a pig in the woods. And I got a hammer and I walked three miles to where that pig was, and I killed it with my hammer. And I dragged it back home, and put it in the yard, and I told my mother, and I said 'I'm tired of being hungry. I want you to cook me some meat.' "
Straight says she tells these Riverside stories so that the true personal histories of ordinary people can live on. When Straight teaches creative writing students at the University of California, Riverside, she always gives them this advice:
"The best thing I could say is, you do have to be a really good listener. If I go to a family reunion and there's 400 people there, everybody comes up to tell me their story, right? And I think when you're a good listener, then you can imagine how someone's talking — dialogue is your key friend, is it not?"
Listening well has paid off: Straight's work has been praised by The Washington Post, The New York Times, Kirkus and fellow writers such as Walter Mosley for realistic dialogue that allows her characters to speak for themselves. She is successful enough that she could live somewhere bigger or, as others might put it, better — but she won't. Riverside is her home.
There are two portraits in Straight's house — one is of Flannery O'Connor, who produced revered classics from her home in Milledgeville, Ga. The other is of Eudora Welty, who did the same from her permanent perch in Jackson, Miss.
"And I think how amazing it was that she chronicled her small town of Jackson with that kind of love and she stayed there. And I think, well, if it's OK for them, it's all right for me." It has been so far — and there are plenty of Riverside stories yet to share.
Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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National Archives Hosts an -American Conversation- with The War: An Intimate History Author Geoffrey Ward
Press Release · Friday, August 10, 2007
Press Release
August 10, 2007
National Archives Hosts an "American Conversation" with The War: An Intimate History Author Geoffrey Ward
Washington, DC…On Tuesday, September 11, at 7 p.m., Archivist of the United States Allen Weinstein will host an "American Conversation" with award-winning historian and biographer Geoffrey Ward. They will discuss Ward's book The War: An Intimate History, a companion to the PBS documentary by Ken Burns. A book signing will follow the discussion.The book will be released nationwide by Alfred A. Knopf Publishers on September 11.
The War: An Intimate History, 1941-1945, is the companion volume to the Fall 2007 PBS series. Focusing on the citizens of four towns, The War: An Intimate History follows more than 40 people from 1941 to 1945. Woven largely from their memories, this compelling, unflinching narrative unfolds as the war unfolded-month by month, with the outcome always in doubt. Enriched by maps and 450 photographs, including many never seen before, this is an intimate, profoundly moving chronicle of the war that shaped our world.
The National Archives "American Conversations" series focuses on American history and identity. Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton, Lynne Cheney, award-winning filmmaker Ken Burns, and historian John Hope Franklin were among those featured in previous programs, which may be viewed on the National Archives web site.
Events in this series are held in the William G. McGowan Theater of the National Archives Building in Washington, DC, located on the National Mall at Constitution Avenue and 7th Street, NW and fully accessible. All programs in the "American Conversations" series are free and open to the public. Seating for this program is on a first-come, first-served basis. For more information or to request an accommodation (e.g., sign language interpreter) for a public program, please e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com or call 202-357-5000 at least two weeks prior to the event to ensure proper arrangements are secured.
Geoffrey C. Ward wrote the script for the film series The
War and is the
winner of five Emmys and two Writers Guild of America awards for his work for
public television. He is also a historian and biographer and the author of
fourteen books, including most recently Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise
Fall of Jack Johnson. He won the National Book Critics Circle Award
in 1989
and the Francis Parkman Prize in 1990. He lives in New York City.
Archivist Allen Weinstein is a former Professor of History who has held professorships at Boston University, Georgetown University, and Smith College, and is the author of numerous essays and books, including The Story of America (2002), The Haunted Wood: Soviet Espionage in America—The Stalin Era (1999), Perjury: The Hiss-Chambers Case (1978 & 1997), and Freedom and Crisis: An American History (3rd edition, 1981). From 1985 to 2003, he served as President of The Center for Democracy in Washington, DC. His international awards include the United Nations Peace Medal (1986).
# # #
For more press information, contact the National Archives Public Affairs Staff at 202-357-5300.
This page was last reviewed on January 7, 2013.
Contact us with questions or comments.


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Arajnordner Episode 35 295 views Arajnordner - Leaders is an Armenian TV Series aired by PanArmenian TV. A rule of life is that the leader is always the one who struggles. Arajnordner - Leaders is a TV series based on true stories. Related Items Harazat Tshnami Episode 287 Agapi Episode 34 Full Yere1 Episode 22 Leave a Reply Cancel ReplyYour email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *CommentYou may use these HTML tags and attributes:   <acronym title="">
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Grandstream HD GXP1620
The GXP1620/25 is a reliable Basic IP phone for the user who requires standard features for a light to medium call volume. Stay in touch with others with its 2 lines/SIP accounts, enjoy crystal clear HD audio and utilize its dual-switched 10/100 mbps ports (with integrated PoE on the GXP1625) for a flexible deployment. Maximize your productivity with essential supported features such as 3-way conferencing and 3 XML programmable soft keys. Together, these featuresmake the GXP1620/25 an easy-to-use and effective Basic IP phone.
As all Grandstream IP phones do, the GXP1620/1625 features state-of-the-art security encryption technology (SRTP and TLS). The GXP1620/1625 supports a variety of automated provisioning options, including zero-configuration with Grandstream's UCM series IP PBXs, encrypted XML files and TR-069, to make mass deployment extremely easy.
- 2 SIP accounts, 2 line keys, 3-way conferencing, 3 XML programmable context-sensitive soft keys
- Dual-switched 10/100 mbps ports
- HD audio on speakerphone and handset
- EHS support for Plantronics headsets
- Up to 1000 contacts, call history up to 200 records
No reviews found


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Considering modernizing and moving your business to the cloud? You're not alone. You're also not the one thinking about security and compliance.
Microsoft Azure has advanced security features and more compliance certifications than any other public cloud provider. Full back up and recovery to the cloud and built-in security features across on-premises and cloud deployments. Single sign on (SSO) for each employee, extending local user identities and permissions to the cloud.
For the best in security and compliance, Microsoft Azure sits alone.


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Floral Fling gel polish is a perfect blend of pink and purple, creating a vibrant and feminine shade that will make any nails stand out.
Colour: Pink
Tone/Shade: Mid pink with blue undertone
Finish: Creme
Volume: 10ml
Generation 2 formula is thicker, creamier, and phenomenally highly pigmented, with a low tack, cured finish. The pigmentation makes this gel PERFECT for art. When working with these thicker, highly pigmented gels, apply thinly to avoid under-curing and rippling
TIP: if applying glitter, flash cure for only 5-10 seconds, then cure for 30 seconds after glitter application. This will give you a tackier layer to work with.
Here's what you need to know about Crystal Clawz Gel Polishes
- 10ml bottle will cover about 40-50 sets of salon length nails in a single coat
- 3-step system (Base Coat, Colour Coat, Top Coat)
- NO PRIMERS or BONDERS
- contain no harmful ingredients,
- are not tested on animals
- vegan friendly
- offer excellent coverage with a high level of pigmentation
- are easy to apply and control, does not run into cuticle area
- have a thick viscosity and perfect self-leveling
- long lasting wear (up to 6 weeks) with no lifting, chipping, fading or peeling
- protects and assists with the growth of weak nails
- cure in 30 seconds (LED) in 120 seconds (UV)
- easy soak off in 15 minutes – no buffing, so no damage to natural nails
Every effort has been made to try and capture the colours of all of our products as accurately as possible, but there can be variations between devices, and remember – your eyes have a lot more pixels than our camera so the true colours tend to be brighter and clearer in the flesh.


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Replacement Screw Kit For SWMP-MPS-975-ST ** Plate Not Included **
The C&H Precision plates are designed, manufactured, and shipped from our small family-owned business in Coastal Georgia. Each plate is precision machined to the tightest tolerances on HAAS CNC machines and each plate goes through multiple quality checks before shipping to our customers.
Qty 3 – 6-32 x .305 M3H Plate Mounting Screws


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I may not post every day, but I was SO excited to begin today that had to share. I also want to share because my prayer about my ATTITUDE being more important than the ACTIVITIES really worked and we had a great day! I lost it only once and it was a mild lose-it, so it's a success for us all! Here's a glimpse into our day. You can see our 10 Days of Christmas Fun here, this is just Day 1!
As expected, the kids LOVED the Christmas Sensory Bin. I think I want to rename it to the Imagination Bin. Honestly the thing my kids do most with these bins is use their imagination. It is amazing what they come up with. I love just sitting back and watching.
The bin was out for over an hour this morning and the kids came and went from it, playing differently each time. I came in one time and found Ladybug curled up in our new giant bean bag and Krash counting different things from the bin.
I did initiate a few activities, one was sorting the red and green items into plastic Christmas trays I had. The Little People train set {which we have had for years and I cannot find anywhere online} also got included 😉
Later in the evening, we got the bin out yet again and this time we made a long line together 😉
We did everything else on our list too, here K is putting the trees in order…
This was hilarious. I can't believe my little point and shoot caught the take off like that! We put our ornament ABCs up on our dishwasher {with magnets} like last year. I had one boy find the letter set and the other RUN into the kitchen and put it up. They took turns until we were done. This was a great way to make this activity interesting for Krash.
They colored their "color by shape trees" together and really enjoyed doing the same thing. I asked Pac Man if he wanted me to print it all for him too and he said YES!
Marble painting was a BIG HIT!!!! We only had one box so we shared {a great lesson for them}.
We made candy canes, stars, and trees. Tomorrow I have something special planned for us to do with the trees when they dry!
We did page 1 of our abc trees, using Unifex Cubes for our markers. Ladybug was so cute watching Krash work.
Krash worked on the word JESUS today…that most important word of the season so it had to be first!
This is my favorite photo of the day, all of my kids sitting and working together. It was like this for at least 20 minutes. Krash was coloring in his super hero book and the other 2 and I were making Christmas collages {using old Christmas cards}. It was just peaceful and nice. {gotta love the torn apart sensory bin in the background!!}
It was a fabulous day. Not a perfect day, but overall a very fun day. My favorite part was sitting in the big bean bag while my boys sat in front of me {each in their own bean bag ~ finally we can use them for reading time} and I read from the Hands on Bible I won from The World According to Them a couple of months ago. I used the Advent Chain readings and we got caught up to today. It was awesome just sitting there with them {even if Krash was out in la la land for a bit of it}. We all just soaked in the Word and it was wonderful.
I am praying days 2-10 go even half as well as day 1!
See more Christmas Fun Ideas…


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Welcome to Wise Bread's Best Money Tips Roundup! Today we found some stellar articles on negotiating a lower cable bill, brilliant uses for beer, and saving money at theme parks.
How to Negotiate Your Way to a Lower Cable Bill — If you want to get a lower cable bill, remember to try to keep your expectations realistic. [MoneyNing]
7 Brilliant Uses For Beer — Did you know beer can brighten wood furniture? [SavvySugar]
Tips For Saving Money At Theme Parks — To save money at theme parks, buy souvenirs off site and go in the off season. [Not Made of Money]
Ten tricks for reasonably-priced gifts for loved ones — Want to save money on gifts for your loved ones? Look into getting discount gift cards to save! [Mighty Bargain Hunter]
How To Save Money When Shopping Online: From Research To Receipt — Save money when shopping online by using Amazon.com to research and find the best item at the lowest price. [Bible Money Matters]
How to Budget on an Irregular Income — When budgeting on an irregular income, base things on the bare minimum. [MoneyCrush]
The Wrong Reason To Become An Entrepreneur — The concept of not having to work for someone else is the wrong reason to become an entrepreneur. In fact, entrepreneurs have more bosses than any other type of worker! [Consumerism Commentary]
Account Consolidation - When Less is More — Consolidating your accounts can make it easier to track your finances and can help you pay fewer fees. [Cash Money Life]
6 Sites to Make Money Online From Writing — Want to make money online from writing? Check out Textbroker or Bukisa. [On Making Money]
How to Treat Head Lice: What Parents Need to Know — If your child has lice, you must buy a nit comb and remove every single nit. [Parenting Squad]
Disclaimer: The links and mentions on this site may be affiliate links. But they do not affect the actual opinions and recommendations of the authors.
Wise Bread is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com.


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What are the chances of reading only one book from the Orange Prize longlist and it turning out to be the winner? I wish I could say I've simply got a knack for picking winners, but it was more a time and chance thing and the fact that The Song of Achilles appealed to me the most when the list came out. In any case I was very pleased when it was announced that Miller won (and my fingers had been crossed for her). I had started writing this post last weekend, but I ran out of steam and didn't finish it thinking I'd save it for later. Now I'm inspired to post it while the momentum is there.
If I had to choose right now, today, what my favorite book of the year is, I would without hesitation pick Madeline Miller's The Song of Achilles. For me it was a pitch perfect story that had all the right elements in just the right measure--beautifully written, poignantly (and I mean that in a good way) told and perceptively presented. I've put off writing about it as I feel like I can't really do the story justice but before the details (very sadly) begin fading from memory, as happens with all books eventually, I wanted to mention it here. It even has inspired me on my next reading path, which is a nod of appreciation and praise in Miller's direction for her exquisite storytelling abilities.
The Song of Achilles is a retelling of the Trojan War. Achilles was the son of one of the lesser goddesses, Thetis, and the mortal Peleus. Known for both his beauty and his skill as a warrior, it is through the eyes of his companion Patroclus that we see him. So this is as much Patroclus's story as it is that of Achilles. When given the choice of a long life lived in obscurity or a short one that would be memorialized Achilles chooses fame. Of course we know his fame is achieved on the battlefield, but I'm getting ahead of myself.
After he accidentally kills another youth Patroclus is sent to Phthia to be raised in the court of King Peleus. A disappointment to his father, Patroclus couldn't be more different than Achilles. Although he is himself the son of kings, he's small and awkward and not skilled in the abilities most prized. Achilles, however, is a golden boy. He's self assured and talented both in playing the lyre as well as on the training ground. Already at a young age he knows of the prophecy that he will be the greatest warrior of his generation, and therefore it's forbidden for anyone to watch him as he refines his battle skills.
Perhaps at first he feels sorry for him, or is intrigued by him, but Achilles takes Patroclus under his wing and the two become friends and companions. When Achilles is sent away to Mount Pelion to continue his education, Patroclus follows him. Tutored by the centaur, Chiron, the boys grow to be young men but their idyll spoiled when Paris steals the beautiful Helen from her husband. Patroclus is bound by honor to fight for her release and Achilles must follow his destiny, but the war will be a trial for both young men as they test their mettle and their friendship. It's particularly so for Achilles who must live up to the name he is destined to make for himself.
Madeline Miller, a Latin and Ancient Greek language scholar, also studied at the Yale School of Drama where she specialized in adapting classics tales for modern audiences. She obviously knows her material and how to present it in a way that both stays true to it's original form, but is still exciting and captivating to readers. It's certainly not necessary to know the myths to appreciate this book. I had only the vaguest recollection of the story and it has inspired me to learn more. More than just a gripping story, it has much to say as well about love and loyalty, dedication and honor and lessons that could easily be applied to the contemporary world. I guess that's what makes classic literature so important--the ease with which it can be adapted useful no matter how many years separate the creation from the retelling. It's a story that Miller has breathed new life into and one that deserves to be read.


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No White Knight by Alta Hensley is NOW LIVE! Only 99c and #FREE with Kindle Unlimited!
Deliciously dark and wonderfully naughty...don't miss this well-written and intriguing two book set from Alta Hensley! ~ Sue Lyndon, USA Today Bestselling Author
Amazon US: http://amzn.to/2gJcc6i
Amazon UK: http://amzn.to/2g7jcZm
Not the perfect hero.
Not her Prince Charming.
He was...No White Knight.
Two stories, two women, two very dark men. Hero in Disguise Kidnapped and brought to an isolated military compound in the backwoods of West Virginia, Jessa Crowe realizes there is much more hidden in the dark depths of the hemlock trees. She is surrounded by hate, sex, torture, and death. Only to be claimed by the devil himself--Decker Cassidy. But what Jessa soon discovers is that her captor may very well be her hero in disguise. *** Pallid Slave I hate the color white. When I see white, I see the darkest shadows in the depths of hell. Colorless, yet black as coal. My planet of Unin had all but been destroyed, and what was left was quickly being devastated by civil wars throughout. Everything I once believed, once knew, once fought ruthlessly to protect, had now vanished. Once I was a warrior, and now I was a slave being transported to a planet 720 hours away to die. Transported by two brothers. A lot can happen in 720 hours...
Review by Anne Milne
A Hero In Disguise
Jessa wants a break from life and decides to take a vacation in the mountains. She gets lost and is abducted. The guys that take her are seriously wacked, but her saviour may be amongst them.
Pallid Slave
Set in the future, Truth has been trained for one thing... killing. Now defeated, she's shipped off to another planet. She's down, but not beaten. What's going to happen with the two men who are tasked with delivering her?
*Reviewed for Sweet Spot Sisterhood Blog
About the Author:
Alta Hensley is a USA TODAY bestselling erotic romance author who has had #1 top-selling books in Dark, contemporary, BDSM, erotic science fiction, humor, and historical. She writes the naughty... and then the cure for it.
Being a multi-published author in the power exchange genre, Alta is known for her dark, gritty alpha heroes, sometimes sweet love stories, hot eroticism, and engaging tales of the constant struggle between dominance and submission.
Author Links:


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ERP | News
Educational technology solution provider Ellucian has announced a new architectural approach designed to help its customers implement new technologies faster than before. Three Ellucian solutions will use the new Ellucian Extensible Ecosystem (Ellucian XE) architecture: Banner by Ellucian, Colleague by Ellucian, and PowerCampus by Ellucian.
The Ellucian XE architecture will introduce new APIs and Web services that wrap around the core enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. The new API and Web services are intended to make it easier for educational institutions to integrate with new and existing software solutions from Ellucian, its partners, and other third party products. Automated release tools and configuration management are also intended to make it faster and easier for customers to provision, implement, and update the technologies.
The Ellucian XE architecture will also introduce more points of access to the ERP systems, including self-service portals for students, faculty, staff, and parents; mobile applications that are optimized for the small form factor of handheld devices; improved user interfaces for administrators and power users; and cloud applications.
With the shift to the new architecture, Ellucian is moving to an agile development philosophy that will enable the company to develop new features for its administrative systems more quickly than before. Ellucian's customer and partner communities will also have new opportunities "to guide and participate in ongoing development, services, and common technology futures," according to information released by the company.
"When we launched Ellucian, we committed to serve our customers better, protect their investments, and strengthen the portfolio of technology solutions they need to navigate change in this dynamic environment," said John F. Speer III, president and CEO of Ellucian, in a prepared statement. "Through Ellucian XE we are delivering on these promises by extending the value of the administrative core through a rich, extensible, and deeply integrated ecosystem of solutions and services that address diverse needs across the campus community."
Further information about Ellucian XE is available on the Ellucian site.
About the Author
Leila Meyer is a technology writer based in British Columbia. She can be reached at [email protected].
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