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Configuration Parameters
Nextcloud uses the config/config.php
file to control server operations.
lists all the configurable parameters within
Nextcloud, along with example or default values. This document provides a more
detailed reference. Most options are configurable on your Admin page, so it
is usually not necessary to edit config/config.php
The installer creates a configuration containing the essential parameters.
Only manually add configuration parameters to config/config.php
if you need to
use a special value for a parameter. Do not copy everything from
. Only enter the parameters you wish to modify!
Multiple config.php file
Nextcloud supports loading configuration parameters from multiple files.
You can add arbitrary files ending with .config.php
in the config/
directory, for example you could place your email server configuration
in email.config.php
. This allows you to easily create and manage
custom configurations, or to divide a large complex configuration file
into a set of smaller files. These custom files are not overwritten by
Nextcloud, and the values in these files take precedence over config.php
Default Parameters
These parameters are configured by the Nextcloud installer, and are required for your Nextcloud server to operate.
'instanceid' => '',
This is a unique identifier for your Nextcloud installation, created
automatically by the installer. This example is for documentation only,
and you should never use it because it will not work. A valid instanceid
is created when you install Nextcloud.
'instanceid' => 'd3c944a9a',
'passwordsalt' => '',
The salt used to hash all passwords, auto-generated by the Nextcloud installer. (There are also per-user salts.) If you lose this salt you lose all your passwords. This example is for documentation only, and you should never use it.
'secret' => '',
Secret used by Nextcloud for various purposes, e.g. to encrypt data. If you lose this string there will be data corruption.
'trusted_domains' =>
Your list of trusted domains that users can log into. Specifying trusted domains prevents host header poisoning. Do not remove this, as it performs necessary security checks.
You can specify:
the exact hostname of your host or virtual host, e.g. demo.example.org.
the exact hostname with permitted port, e.g. demo.example.org:443. This disallows all other ports on this host
use * as a wildcard, e.g. ubos-raspberry-pi*.local will allow ubos-raspberry-pi.local and ubos-raspberry-pi-2.local
the IP address with or without permitted port, e.g. [2001:db8::1]:8080 Using TLS certificates where commonName=<IP address> is deprecated
'datadirectory' => '/var/www/nextcloud/data',
Where user files are stored. The SQLite database is also stored here, when you use SQLite.
Default to data/
in the Nextcloud directory.
This parameter should not be changed after finishing the initial installation of Nextcloud. Doing so might lead to side effects and affect several features.
'version' => '',
The current version number of your Nextcloud installation. This is set up during installation and update, so you shouldn't need to change it.
'dbtype' => 'sqlite3',
Identifies the database used with this installation. See also config option
- Available:
sqlite3 (SQLite3)
mysql (MySQL/MariaDB)
pgsql (PostgreSQL)
Defaults to sqlite3
'dbhost' => '',
Your host server name, for example localhost
, hostname
, or the IP address. To specify a port use
; to specify a Unix socket use
e.g. /run/postgresql/
'dbname' => 'nextcloud',
The name of the Nextcloud database, which is set during installation. You should not need to change this.
'dbuser' => '',
The user that Nextcloud uses to write to the database. This must be unique across Nextcloud instances using the same SQL database. This is set up during installation, so you shouldn't need to change it.
'dbpassword' => '',
The password for the database user. This is set up during installation, so you shouldn't need to change it.
'dbtableprefix' => 'oc_',
Prefix for the Nextcloud tables in the database.
Default to oc_
'dbpersistent' => '',
Enable persistent connexions to the database.
This setting uses the "persistent" option from doctrine dbal, which in turn uses the PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT option from the pdo driver.
'installed' => false,
Indicates whether the Nextcloud instance was installed successfully; true
indicates a successful installation, and false
indicates an unsuccessful
Defaults to false
Default config.php Examples
When you use SQLite as your Nextcloud database, your config.php
looks like
this after installation. The SQLite database is stored in your Nextcloud
directory. SQLite is a simple, lightweight embedded database that
is good for testing and for simple installations, but for production Nextcloud
systems you should use MySQL, MariaDB, or PosgreSQL.
$CONFIG = array (
'instanceid' => 'occ6f7365735',
'passwordsalt' => '2c5778476346786306303',
'trusted_domains' =>
array (
0 => 'localhost',
1 => 'studio',
'datadirectory' => '/var/www/nextcloud/data',
'dbtype' => 'sqlite3',
'version' => '220.127.116.11',
'installed' => true,
This example is from a new Nextcloud installation using MariaDB:
$CONFIG = array (
'instanceid' => 'oc8c0fd71e03',
'passwordsalt' => '515a13302a6b3950a9d0fdb970191a',
'trusted_domains' =>
array (
0 => 'localhost',
1 => 'studio',
2 => '192.168.10.155'
'datadirectory' => '/var/www/nextcloud/data',
'dbtype' => 'mysql',
'version' => '184.108.40.206',
'dbname' => 'nextcloud',
'dbhost' => 'localhost',
'dbtableprefix' => 'oc_',
'dbuser' => 'oc_carla',
'dbpassword' => '67336bcdf7630dd80b2b81a413d07',
'installed' => true,
User Experience
These optional parameters control some aspects of the user interface. Default values, where present, are shown.
'default_language' => 'en',
This sets the default language on your Nextcloud server, using ISO_639-1
language codes such as en
for English, de
for German, and fr
French. The default_language parameter is only used, when the browser does
not send any language, and the user hasn't configured own language
Nextcloud has two distinguished language codes for German, 'de' and 'de_DE'. 'de' is used for informal German and 'de_DE' for formal German. By setting this value to 'de_DE' you can enforce the formal version of German unless the user has chosen something different explicitly.
Defaults to en
'force_language' => 'en',
With this setting a language can be forced for all users. If a language is
forced, the users are also unable to change their language in the personal
settings. If users shall be unable to change their language, but users have
different languages, this value can be set to true
instead of a language
Defaults to false
'default_locale' => 'en_US',
This sets the default locale on your Nextcloud server, using ISO_639
language codes such as en
for English, de
for German, and fr
French, and ISO-3166 country codes such as GB
, as defined
in RFC 5646. It overrides automatic locale detection on public pages like
login or shared items. User's locale preferences configured under "personal
-> locale" override this setting after they have logged in.
Defaults to en
'default_phone_region' => 'GB',
This sets the default region for phone numbers on your Nextcloud server,
using ISO 3166-1 country codes such as DE
for Germany, FR
for France, …
It is required to allow inserting phone numbers in the user profiles starting
without the country code (e.g. +49 for Germany).
No default value!
'force_locale' => 'en_US',
With this setting a locale can be forced for all users. If a locale is
forced, the users are also unable to change their locale in the personal
settings. If users shall be unable to change their locale, but users have
different languages, this value can be set to true
instead of a locale
Defaults to false
'knowledgebaseenabled' => true,
enables the Help menu item in the user menu (top right of the
Nextcloud Web interface). false
removes the Help item.
'allow_user_to_change_display_name' => true,
allows users to change their display names (on their Personal
pages), and false
prevents them from changing their display names.
'skeletondirectory' => '/path/to/nextcloud/core/skeleton',
The directory where the skeleton files are located. These files will be copied to the data directory of new users. Leave empty to not copy any skeleton files.
can be used as a placeholder for the language of the user.
If the directory does not exist, it falls back to non dialect (from de_DE
to de
). If that does not exist either, it falls back to default
Defaults to core/skeleton
in the Nextcloud directory.
'templatedirectory' => '/path/to/nextcloud/templates',
The directory where the template files are located. These files will be copied to the template directory of new users. Leave empty to not copy any template files.
can be used as a placeholder for the language of the user.
If the directory does not exist, it falls back to non dialect (from de_DE
to de
). If that does not exist either, it falls back to default
If this is not set creating a template directory will only happen if no custom
is defined, otherwise the shipped templates will be used
to create a template directory for the user.
User session
'remember_login_cookie_lifetime' => 60*60*24*15,
Lifetime of the remember login cookie. This should be larger than the session_lifetime. If it is set to 0 remember me is disabled.
Defaults to 60*60*24*15
seconds (15 days)
'session_lifetime' => 60 * 60 * 24,
The lifetime of a session after inactivity.
The maximum possible time is limited by the session.gc_maxlifetime php.ini setting which would overwrite this option if it is less than the value in the config.php
Defaults to 60*60*24
seconds (24 hours)
'session_relaxed_expiry' => false,
true enabled a relaxed session timeout, where the session timeout would no longer be handled by Nextcloud but by either the PHP garbage collection or the expiration of potential other session backends like redis.
This may lead to sessions being available for longer than what session_lifetime uses but comes with performance benefits as sessions are no longer a locking operation for concurrent requests.
'session_keepalive' => true,
Enable or disable session keep-alive when a user is logged in to the Web UI.
Enabling this sends a "heartbeat" to the server to keep it from timing out.
Defaults to true
'auto_logout' => false,
Enable or disable the automatic logout after session_lifetime, even if session keepalive is enabled. This will make sure that an inactive browser will be logged out even if requests to the server might extend the session lifetime.
Defaults to false
'token_auth_enforced' => false,
Enforce token authentication for clients, which blocks requests using the user password for enhanced security. Users need to generate tokens in personal settings which can be used as passwords on their clients.
Defaults to false
'token_auth_activity_update' => 60,
The interval at which token activity should be updated.
Increasing this value means that the last activity on the security page gets more outdated.
Tokens are still checked every 5 minutes for validity max value: 300
Defaults to 300
'auth.bruteforce.protection.enabled' => true,
Whether the bruteforce protection shipped with Nextcloud should be enabled or not.
Disabling this is discouraged for security reasons.
Defaults to true
'ratelimit.protection.enabled' => true,
Whether the rate limit protection shipped with Nextcloud should be enabled or not.
Disabling this is discouraged for security reasons.
Defaults to true
'auth.webauthn.enabled' => true,
By default, WebAuthn is available, but it can be explicitly disabled by admins
'auth.storeCryptedPassword' => true,
Whether encrypted password should be stored in the database
The passwords are only decrypted using the login token stored uniquely in the clients and allow to connect to external storages, autoconfigure mail account in the mail app and periodically check if the password it still valid.
This might be desirable to disable this functionality when using one time passwords or when having a password policy enforcing long passwords (> 300 characters).
By default, the passwords are stored encrypted in the database.
WARNING: If disabled, password changes on the user back-end (e.g. on LDAP) no longer log connected clients out automatically. Users can still disconnect the clients by deleting the app token from the security settings.
'hide_login_form' => false,
By default, the login form is always available. There are cases (SSO) where an admin wants to avoid users entering their credentials to the system if the SSO app is unavailable.
This will show an error. But the direct login still works with adding ?direct=1
'lost_password_link' => 'https://example.org/link/to/password/reset',
If your user backend does not allow password resets (e.g. when it's a read-only user backend like LDAP), you can specify a custom link, where the user is redirected to, when clicking the "reset password" link after a failed login-attempt.
In case you do not want to provide any link, replace the url with 'disabled'
'logo_url' => 'https://example.org',
URL to use as target for the logo link in the header (top-left logo)
Defaults to the base URL of your Nextcloud instance
Mail Parameters
These configure the email settings for Nextcloud notifications and password resets.
'mail_domain' => 'example.com',
The return address that you want to appear on emails sent by the Nextcloud
server, for example firstname.lastname@example.com
, substituting your own domain,
of course.
'mail_from_address' => 'nextcloud',
FROM address that overrides the built-in sharing-noreply
FROM addresses.
Defaults to different from addresses depending on the feature.
'mail_smtpdebug' => false,
Enable SMTP class debugging.
Defaults to false
'mail_smtpmode' => 'smtp',
Which mode to use for sending mail: sendmail
, smtp
or qmail
If you are using local or remote SMTP, set this to smtp
For the sendmail
option you need an installed and working email system on
the server, with /usr/sbin/sendmail
installed on your Unix system.
For qmail
the binary is /var/qmail/bin/sendmail, and it must be installed
on your Unix system.
Defaults to smtp
'mail_smtphost' => '127.0.0.1',
This depends on mail_smtpmode
. Specify the IP address of your mail
server host. This may contain multiple hosts separated by a semicolon. If
you need to specify the port number append it to the IP address separated by
a colon, like this: 127.0.0.1:24
Defaults to 127.0.0.1
'mail_smtpport' => 25,
This depends on mail_smtpmode
. Specify the port for sending mail.
Defaults to 25
'mail_smtptimeout' => 10,
This depends on mail_smtpmode
. This sets the SMTP server timeout, in
seconds. You may need to increase this if you are running an anti-malware or
spam scanner.
Defaults to 10
'mail_smtpsecure' => '',
This depends on mail_smtpmode
. Specify ssl
when you are using SSL/TLS. Any other value will be ignored.
If the server advertises STARTTLS capabilities, they might be used, but they cannot be enforced by this config option.
Defaults to ''
(empty string)
'mail_smtpauth' => false,
This depends on mail_smtpmode
. Change this to true
if your mail
server requires authentication.
Defaults to false
'mail_smtpname' => '',
This depends on mail_smtpauth
. Specify the username for authenticating to
the SMTP server.
Defaults to ''
(empty string)
'mail_smtppassword' => '',
This depends on mail_smtpauth
. Specify the password for authenticating to
the SMTP server.
Default to ''
(empty string)
'mail_template_class' => '\OC\Mail\EMailTemplate',
Replaces the default mail template layout. This can be utilized if the options to modify the mail texts with the theming app is not enough.
The class must extend \OC\Mail\EMailTemplate
'mail_send_plaintext_only' => false,
Email will be sent by default with an HTML and a plain text body. This option allows to only send plain text emails.
'mail_smtpstreamoptions' => [],
This depends on mail_smtpmode
. Array of additional streams options that
will be passed to underlying Swift mailer implementation.
Defaults to an empty array.
'mail_sendmailmode' => 'smtp',
Which mode is used for sendmail/qmail: smtp
or pipe
- For
the sendmail binary is started with the parameter-bs
: Use the SMTP protocol on standard input and output.
- For
the binary is started with the parameters-t
: Read message from STDIN and extract recipients.
Defaults to smtp
Proxy Configurations
'overwritehost' => '',
The automatic hostname detection of Nextcloud can fail in certain reverse
proxy and CLI/cron situations. This option allows you to manually override
the automatic detection; for example www.example.com
, or specify the port
'overwriteprotocol' => '',
When generating URLs, Nextcloud attempts to detect whether the server is
accessed via https
or http
. However, if Nextcloud is behind a proxy
and the proxy handles the https
calls, Nextcloud would not know that
is in use, which would result in incorrect URLs being generated.
Valid values are http
and https
'overwritewebroot' => '',
Nextcloud attempts to detect the webroot for generating URLs automatically.
For example, if www.example.com/nextcloud
is the URL pointing to the
Nextcloud instance, the webroot is /nextcloud
. When proxies are in use,
it may be difficult for Nextcloud to detect this parameter, resulting in
invalid URLs.
'overwritecondaddr' => '',
This option allows you to define a manual override condition as a regular
expression for the remote IP address. For example, defining a range of IP
addresses starting with 10.0.0.
and ending with 1 to 3:
Defaults to ''
(empty string)
'overwrite.cli.url' => '',
Use this configuration parameter to specify the base URL for any URLs which
are generated within Nextcloud using any kind of command line tools (cron or
occ). The value should contain the full base URL:
Defaults to ''
(empty string)
'htaccess.RewriteBase' => '/',
To have clean URLs without /index.php this parameter needs to be configured.
This parameter will be written as "RewriteBase" on update and installation of Nextcloud to your .htaccess file. While this value is often simply the URL path of the Nextcloud installation it cannot be set automatically properly in every scenario and needs thus some manual configuration.
In a standard Apache setup this usually equals the folder that Nextcloud is accessible at. So if Nextcloud is accessible via "https://mycloud.org/nextcloud" the correct value would most likely be "/nextcloud". If Nextcloud is running under "https://mycloud.org/" then it would be "/".
Note that the above rule is not valid in every case, as there are some rare setup cases where this may not apply. However, to avoid any update problems this configuration value is explicitly opt-in.
After setting this value run occ maintenance:update:htaccess. Now, when the following conditions are met Nextcloud URLs won't contain index.php:
mod_rewrite is installed
mod_env is installed
Defaults to ''
(empty string)
'htaccess.IgnoreFrontController' => false,
For server setups, that don't have mod_env enabled or restricted (e.g. suEXEC) this parameter has to be set to true and will assume mod_rewrite.
Please check, if mod_rewrite is active and functional before setting this parameter, and you updated your .htaccess with occ maintenance:update:htaccess. Otherwise, your nextcloud installation might not be reachable anymore. For example, try accessing resources by leaving out index.php in the URL.
'proxy' => '',
The URL of your proxy server, for example proxy.example.com:8081
Note: Guzzle (the http library used by Nextcloud) is reading the environment variables HTTP_PROXY (only for cli request), HTTPS_PROXY, and NO_PROXY by default.
If you configure proxy with Nextcloud any default configuration by Guzzle
is overwritten. Make sure to set proxyexclude
accordingly if necessary.
Defaults to ''
(empty string)
'proxyuserpwd' => '',
The optional authentication for the proxy to use to connect to the internet.
The format is: username:password
Defaults to ''
(empty string)
'proxyexclude' => [],
List of host names that should not be proxied to.
For example: ['.mit.edu', 'foo.com']
Hint: Use something like explode(',', getenv('NO_PROXY'))
to sync this
value with the global NO_PROXY option.
Defaults to empty array.
'allow_local_remote_servers' => true,
Allow remote servers with local addresses e.g. in federated shares, webcal services and more
Defaults to false
Deleted Items (trash bin)
These parameters control the Deleted files app.
'trashbin_retention_obligation' => 'auto',
If the trash bin app is enabled (default), this setting defines the policy for when files and folders in the trash bin will be permanently deleted.
The app allows for two settings, a minimum time for trash bin retention, and a maximum time for trash bin retention.
Minimum time is the number of days a file will be kept, after which it may be deleted. A file may be deleted after the minimum number of days is expired if space is needed. The file will not be deleted if space is not needed.
Whether "space is needed" depends on whether a user quota is defined or not:
If no user quota is defined, the available space on the Nextcloud data partition sets the limit for the trashbin (issues: see https://github.com/nextcloud/server/issues/28451).
If a user quota is defined, 50% of the user's remaining quota space sets the limit for the trashbin.
Maximum time is the number of days at which it is guaranteed to be deleted. There is no further dependency on the available space.
Both minimum and maximum times can be set together to explicitly define file and folder deletion. For migration purposes, this setting is installed initially set to "auto", which is equivalent to the default setting in Nextcloud.
Available values (D1 and D2 are configurable numbers):
default setting. keeps files and folders in the trash bin for 30 days and automatically deletes anytime after that if space is needed (note: files may not be deleted if space is not needed).
D1, auto
keeps files and folders in the trash bin for D1+ days, delete anytime if space needed (note: files may not be deleted if space is not needed)
auto, D2
delete all files in the trash bin that are older than D2 days automatically, delete other files anytime if space needed
keep files and folders in the trash bin for at least D1 days and delete when exceeds D2 days (note: files will not be deleted automatically if space is needed)
trash bin auto clean disabled, files and folders will be kept forever
Defaults to auto
File versions
These parameters control the Versions app.
'versions_retention_obligation' => 'auto',
If the versions app is enabled (default), this setting defines the policy for when versions will be permanently deleted.
The app allows for two settings, a minimum time for version retention, and a maximum time for version retention. Minimum time is the number of days a version will be kept, after which it may be deleted. Maximum time is the number of days at which it is guaranteed to be deleted. Both minimum and maximum times can be set together to explicitly define version deletion. For migration purposes, this setting is installed initially set to "auto", which is equivalent to the default setting in Nextcloud.
Available values:
default setting. Automatically expire versions according to expire rules. Please refer to Controlling file versions and aging for more information.
D, auto
keep versions at least for D days, apply expiration rules to all versions that are older than D days
auto, D
delete all versions that are older than D days automatically, delete other versions according to expire rules
keep versions for at least D1 days and delete when exceeds D2 days
versions auto clean disabled, versions will be kept forever
Defaults to auto
Nextcloud Verifications
Nextcloud performs several verification checks. There are two options,
and false
'appcodechecker' => true,
Checks an app before install whether it uses private APIs instead of the proper public APIs. If this is set to true it will only allow to install or enable apps that pass this check.
Defaults to false
'updatechecker' => true,
Check if Nextcloud is up-to-date and shows a notification if a new version is available. It sends current version, php version, installation and last update time and release channel to the updater server which responds with the latest available version based on those metrics.
Defaults to true
'updater.server.url' => 'https://updates.nextcloud.com/updater_server/',
URL that Nextcloud should use to look for updates
Defaults to https://updates.nextcloud.com/updater_server/
'updater.release.channel' => 'stable',
The channel that Nextcloud should use to look for updates
Supported values:
'has_internet_connection' => true,
Is Nextcloud connected to the Internet or running in a closed network?
Defaults to true
'connectivity_check_domains' => [
Which domains to request to determine the availability of an Internet connection. If none of these hosts are reachable, the administration panel will show a warning. Set to an empty list to not do any such checks (warning will still be shown).
If no protocol is provided, both http and https will be tested. For example, 'http://www.nextcloud.com' and 'https://www.nextcloud.com' will be tested for 'www.nextcloud.com' If a protocol is provided, only this one will be tested.
Defaults to the following domains:
'check_for_working_wellknown_setup' => true,
Allows Nextcloud to verify a working .well-known URL redirects. This is done by attempting to make a request from JS to https://your-domain.com/.well-known/caldav/
Defaults to true
'check_for_working_htaccess' => true,
This is a crucial security check on Apache servers that should always be set
to true
. This verifies that the .htaccess
file is writable and works.
If it is not, then any options controlled by .htaccess
, such as large
file uploads, will not work. It also runs checks on the data/
which verifies that it can't be accessed directly through the Web server.
Defaults to true
'check_data_directory_permissions' => true,
In rare setups (e.g. on Openshift or Docker on Windows) the permissions check might block the installation while the underlying system offers no means to "correct" the permissions. In this case, set the value to false.
In regular cases, if issues with permissions are encountered they should be adjusted accordingly. Changing the flag is discouraged.
Defaults to true
'config_is_read_only' => false,
In certain environments it is desired to have a read-only configuration file.
When this switch is set to true
, writing to the config file will be
forbidden. Therefore, it will not be possible to configure all options via
the Web interface. Furthermore, when updating Nextcloud it is required to
make the configuration file writable again and to set this switch to false
for the update process.
Defaults to false
'log_type' => 'file',
This parameter determines where the Nextcloud logs are sent.
: the logs are written to file nextcloud.log
in the default
Nextcloud data directory. The log file can be changed with parameter
: the logs are sent to the system log. This requires a syslog daemon
to be active.
: the logs are sent to the PHP error_log
: the logs are sent to the Systemd journal. This requires a system
that runs Systemd and the Systemd journal. The PHP extension systemd
must be installed and active.
Defaults to file
'log_type_audit' => 'file',
This parameter determines where the audit logs are sent. See log_type
for more information.
Defaults to file
'logfile' => '/var/log/nextcloud.log',
Name of the file to which the Nextcloud logs are written if parameter
is set to file
Defaults to [datadirectory]/nextcloud.log
'logfile_audit' => '/var/log/audit.log',
Name of the file to which the audit logs are written if parameter
is set to file
Defaults to [datadirectory]/audit.log
'logfilemode' => 0640,
Log file mode for the Nextcloud logging type in octal notation.
Defaults to 0640 (writeable by user, readable by group).
'loglevel' => 2,
Loglevel to start logging at. Valid values are: 0 = Debug, 1 = Info, 2 = Warning, 3 = Error, and 4 = Fatal. The default value is Warning.
Defaults to 2
'loglevel_frontend' => 2,
Loglevel used by the frontend to start logging at. The same values as
for loglevel
can be used. If not set it defaults to the value
configured for loglevel
or Warning if that is not set either.
Defaults to 2
'syslog_tag' => 'Nextcloud',
If you maintain different instances and aggregate the logs, you may want
to distinguish between them. syslog_tag
can be set per instance
with a unique id. Only available if log_type
is set to syslog
The default value is Nextcloud
'syslog_tag_audit' => 'Nextcloud',
If you maintain different instances and aggregate the logs, you may want
to distinguish between them. syslog_tag_audit
can be set per instance
with a unique id. Only available if log_type
is set to syslog
The default value is the value of syslog_tag
'log.condition' => [
'shared_secret' => '57b58edb6637fe3059b3595cf9c41b9',
'users' => ['sample-user'],
'apps' => ['files'],
Log condition for log level increase based on conditions. Once one of these conditions is met, the required log level is set to debug. This allows to debug specific requests, users or apps
- Supported conditions:
: if a request parameter with the name log_secret is set tothis value the condition is met
: if the current request is done by one of the specified users,this condition is met
: if the log message is invoked by one of the specified apps,this condition is met
Defaults to an empty array.
'logdateformat' => 'F d, Y H:i:s',
This uses PHP.date formatting; see https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.date.php
Defaults to ISO 8601 2005-08-15T15:52:01+00:00
- see DateTime::ATOM
'logtimezone' => 'Europe/Berlin',
The timezone for logfiles. You may change this; see https://www.php.net/manual/en/timezones.php
Defaults to UTC
'log_query' => false,
Append all database queries and parameters to the log file. Use this only for debugging, as your logfile will become huge.
'log_rotate_size' => 100 * 1024 * 1024,
Enables log rotation and limits the total size of logfiles. Set it to 0 for no rotation. Specify a size in bytes, for example 104857600 (100 megabytes = 100 * 1024 * 1024 bytes). A new logfile is created with a new name when the old logfile reaches your limit. If a rotated log file is already present, it will be overwritten.
Defaults to 100 MB
'profiler' => false,
Enable built-in profiler. Helpful when trying to debug performance issues.
Note that this has a performance impact and shouldn't be enabled on production.
Alternate Code Locations
Some Nextcloud code may be stored in alternate locations.
'customclient_desktop' =>
'customclient_android' =>
'customclient_ios' =>
'customclient_ios_appid' =>
This section is for configuring the download links for Nextcloud clients, as seen in the first-run wizard and on Personal pages.
Defaults to:
Desktop client:
Android client:
iOS client:
iOS client app id:
Options for the Apps folder, Apps store, and App code checker.
'defaultapp' => 'dashboard,files',
Set the default app to open on login. Use the app names as they appear in the URL after clicking them in the Apps menu, such as documents, calendar, and gallery. You can use a comma-separated list of app names, so if the first app is not enabled for a user then Nextcloud will try the second one, and so on. If no enabled apps are found it defaults to the dashboard app.
Defaults to dashboard,files
'appstoreenabled' => true,
When enabled, admins may install apps from the Nextcloud app store.
Defaults to true
'appstoreurl' => 'https://apps.nextcloud.com/api/v1',
Enables the installation of apps from a self-hosted apps store.
Requires that at least one of the configured apps directories is writeable.
Defaults to https://apps.nextcloud.com/api/v1
'appsallowlist' => [],
Filters allowed installable apps from the appstore.
Empty array will prevent all apps from the store to be found.
'apps_paths' => [
'path'=> '/var/www/nextcloud/apps',
'url' => '/apps',
'writable' => true,
Use the apps_paths
parameter to set the location of the Apps directory,
which should be scanned for available apps, and where user-specific apps
should be installed from the Apps store. The path
defines the absolute
file system path to the app folder. The key url
defines the HTTP Web path
to that folder, starting from the Nextcloud webroot. The key writable
indicates if a Web server can write files to that folder.
'appcodechecker' => true,
Checks an app before install whether it uses private APIs instead of the proper public APIs. If this is set to true it will only allow to install or enable apps that pass this check.
Defaults to false
Nextcloud supports previews of image files, the covers of MP3 files, and text files. These options control enabling and disabling previews, and thumbnail size.
'enable_previews' => true,
By default, Nextcloud can generate previews for the following filetypes:
Image files
Covers of MP3 files
Text documents
Valid values are true
, to enable previews, or
, to disable previews
Defaults to true
'preview_concurrency_all' => 8,
Number of all preview requests being processed concurrently, including previews that need to be newly generated, and those that have been generated.
This should be greater than 'preview_concurrency_new'. If unspecified, defaults to twice the value of 'preview_concurrency_new'.
'preview_concurrency_new' => 4,
Number of new previews that are being concurrently generated.
Depending on the max preview size set by 'preview_max_x' and 'preview_max_y', the generation process can consume considerable CPU and memory resources. It's recommended to limit this to be no greater than the number of CPU cores. If unspecified, defaults to the number of CPU cores, or 4 if that cannot be determined.
'preview_max_x' => 4096,
The maximum width, in pixels, of a preview. A value of null
means there
is no limit.
Defaults to 4096
'preview_max_y' => 4096,
The maximum height, in pixels, of a preview. A value of null
means there
is no limit.
Defaults to 4096
'preview_max_filesize_image' => 50,
Max file size for generating image previews with imagegd (default behavior).
If the image is bigger, it'll try other preview generators, but will most
likely either show the default mimetype icon or not display the image at all.
Set to -1
for no limit and try to generate image previews on all file sizes.
Defaults to 50
'preview_max_memory' => 256,
max memory for generating image previews with imagegd (default behavior) Reads the image dimensions from the header and assumes 32 bits per pixel.
If creating the image would allocate more memory, preview generation will be disabled and the default mimetype icon is shown. Set to -1 for no limit.
Defaults to 256
'preview_libreoffice_path' => '/usr/bin/libreoffice',
custom path for LibreOffice/OpenOffice binary
Defaults to ''
(empty string)
'preview_office_cl_parameters' =>
' --headless --nologo --nofirststartwizard --invisible --norestore '.
'--convert-to png --outdir ',
Use this if LibreOffice/OpenOffice requires additional arguments.
Defaults to ''
(empty string)
'preview_ffmpeg_path' => '/usr/bin/ffmpeg',
custom path for ffmpeg binary
Defaults to null
and falls back to searching avconv
and ffmpeg
in the configured PATH
'preview_imaginary_url' => 'http://previews_hpb:8088/',
Set the URL of the Imaginary service to send image previews to.
Also requires the OC\Preview\Imaginary
provider to be enabled.
See https://github.com/h2non/imaginary
'enabledPreviewProviders' => [
Only register providers that have been explicitly enabled
The following providers are disabled by default due to performance or privacy concerns:
Defaults to the following providers:
Global settings used by LDAP User and Group Backend
'ldapUserCleanupInterval' => 51,
defines the interval in minutes for the background job that checks user existence and marks them as ready to be cleaned up. The number is always minutes. Setting it to 0 disables the feature.
See command line (occ) methods ldap:show-remnants
and user:delete
Defaults to 51
'sort_groups_by_name' => false,
Sort groups in the user settings by name instead of the user count
By enabling this the user count beside the group name is disabled as well.
Global settings for the Comments infrastructure
'comments.managerFactory' => '\OC\Comments\ManagerFactory',
Replaces the default Comments Manager Factory. This can be utilized if an own or 3rdParty CommentsManager should be used that – for instance – uses the filesystem instead of the database to keep the comments.
Defaults to \OC\Comments\ManagerFactory
'systemtags.managerFactory' => '\OC\SystemTag\ManagerFactory',
Replaces the default System Tags Manager Factory. This can be utilized if an own or 3rdParty SystemTagsManager should be used that – for instance – uses the filesystem instead of the database to keep the tags.
Defaults to \OC\SystemTag\ManagerFactory
These options are for halting user activity when you are performing server maintenance.
'maintenance' => false,
Enable maintenance mode to disable Nextcloud
If you want to prevent users from logging in to Nextcloud before you start doing some maintenance work, you need to set the value of the maintenance parameter to true. Please keep in mind that users who are already logged-in are kicked out of Nextcloud instantly.
Defaults to false
'maintenance_window_start' => 1,
UTC Hour for maintenance windows
Some background jobs only run once a day. When an hour is defined for this config, the background jobs which advertise themselves as not time sensitive will be delayed during the "working" hours and only run in the 4 hours after the given time. This is e.g. used for activity expiration, suspicious login training and update checks.
A value of 1 e.g. will only run these background jobs between 01:00am UTC and 05:00am UTC.
Defaults to 100
which disables the feature
'ldap_log_file' => '',
Log all LDAP requests into a file
Warning: This heavily decreases the performance of the server and is only meant to debug/profile the LDAP interaction manually. Also, it might log sensitive data into a plain text file.
'openssl' => [
'config' => '/absolute/location/of/openssl.cnf',
Extra SSL options to be used for configuration.
Defaults to an empty array.
Memory caching backend configuration
Available cache backends:
APC user backend\OC\Memcache\ArrayCache
In-memory array-based backend (not recommended)\OC\Memcache\Memcached
Memcached backend\OC\Memcache\Redis
Redis backend
Advice on choosing between the various backends:
APCu should be easiest to install. Almost all distributions have packages. Use this for single user environment for all caches.
Use Redis or Memcached for distributed environments. For the local cache (you can configure two) take APCu.
'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\APCu',
Memory caching backend for locally stored data
Used for host-specific data, e.g. file paths
Defaults to none
'memcache.distributed' => '\OC\Memcache\Memcached',
Memory caching backend for distributed data
Used for installation-specific data, e.g. database caching
If unset, defaults to the value of memcache.local
Defaults to none
'redis' => [
'host' => 'localhost', // can also be a unix domain socket: '/tmp/redis.sock'
'port' => 6379,
'timeout' => 0.0,
'read_timeout' => 0.0,
'user' => '', // Optional: if not defined, no password will be used.
'password' => '', // Optional: if not defined, no password will be used.
'dbindex' => 0, // Optional: if undefined SELECT will not run and will use Redis Server's default DB Index.
// If redis in-transit encryption is enabled, provide certificates
// SSL context https://www.php.net/manual/en/context.ssl.php
'ssl_context' => [
'local_cert' => '/certs/redis.crt',
'local_pk' => '/certs/redis.key',
'cafile' => '/certs/ca.crt'
Connection details for redis to use for memory caching in a single server configuration.
For enhanced security it is recommended to configure Redis to require a password. See http://redis.io/topics/security for more information.
We also support redis SSL/TLS encryption as of version 6. See https://redis.io/topics/encryption for more information.
'redis.cluster' => [
'seeds' => [ // provide some or all of the cluster servers to bootstrap discovery, port required
'timeout' => 0.0,
'read_timeout' => 0.0,
'failover_mode' => \RedisCluster::FAILOVER_ERROR,
'user' => '', // Optional: if not defined, no password will be used.
'password' => '', // Optional: if not defined, no password will be used.
// If redis in-transit encryption is enabled, provide certificates
// SSL context https://www.php.net/manual/en/context.ssl.php
'ssl_context' => [
'local_cert' => '/certs/redis.crt',
'local_pk' => '/certs/redis.key',
'cafile' => '/certs/ca.crt'
Connection details for a Redis Cluster.
Redis Cluster support requires the php module phpredis in version 3.0.0 or higher.
- Available failover modes:
\RedisCluster::FAILOVER_NONE - only send commands to master nodes (default)
\RedisCluster::FAILOVER_ERROR - failover to slaves for read commands if master is unavailable (recommended)
\RedisCluster::FAILOVER_DISTRIBUTE - randomly distribute read commands across master and slaves
WARNING: FAILOVER_DISTRIBUTE is a not recommended setting, and we strongly suggest to not use it if you use Redis for file locking. Due to the way Redis is synchronized it could happen, that the read for an existing lock is scheduled to a slave that is not fully synchronized with the connected master which then causes a FileLocked exception.
See https://redis.io/topics/cluster-spec for details about the Redis cluster
Authentication works with phpredis version 4.2.1+. See https://github.com/phpredis/phpredis/commit/c5994f2a42b8a348af92d3acb4edff1328ad8ce1
'memcached_servers' => [
// hostname, port and optional weight
// or path and port 0 for unix socket. Also see:
// https://www.php.net/manual/en/memcached.addservers.php
// https://www.php.net/manual/en/memcached.addserver.php
['localhost', 11211],
//array('other.host.local', 11211),
Server details for one or more memcached servers to use for memory caching.
'memcached_options' => [
// Set timeouts to 50ms
\Memcached::OPT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT => 50,
\Memcached::OPT_RETRY_TIMEOUT => 50,
\Memcached::OPT_SEND_TIMEOUT => 50,
\Memcached::OPT_RECV_TIMEOUT => 50,
\Memcached::OPT_POLL_TIMEOUT => 50,
// Enable compression
\Memcached::OPT_COMPRESSION => true,
// Turn on consistent hashing
\Memcached::OPT_LIBKETAMA_COMPATIBLE => true,
// Enable Binary Protocol
\Memcached::OPT_BINARY_PROTOCOL => true,
// Binary serializer vill be enabled if the igbinary PECL module is available
//\Memcached::OPT_SERIALIZER => \Memcached::SERIALIZER_IGBINARY,
Connection options for memcached
'cache_path' => '',
Location of the cache folder, defaults to data/$user/cache
is the current user. When specified, the format will change to
where $cache_path
is the configured cache directory
and $user
is the user.
Defaults to ''
(empty string)
'cache_chunk_gc_ttl' => 60*60*24,
TTL of chunks located in the cache folder before they're removed by garbage collection (in seconds). Increase this value if users have issues uploading very large files via the Nextcloud Client as upload isn't completed within one day.
Defaults to 60*60*24
(1 day)
Using Object Store with Nextcloud
'objectstore' => [
'class' => 'OC\\Files\\ObjectStore\\Swift',
'arguments' => [
// trystack will use your facebook id as the username
'username' => 'facebook100000123456789',
// in the trystack dashboard go to user -> settings -> API Password to
// generate a password
'password' => 'Secr3tPaSSWoRdt7',
// must already exist in the objectstore, name can be different
'container' => 'nextcloud',
// prefix to prepend to the fileid, default is 'oid:urn:'
'objectPrefix' => 'oid:urn:',
// create the container if it does not exist. default is false
'autocreate' => true,
// required, dev-/trystack defaults to 'RegionOne'
'region' => 'RegionOne',
// The Identity / Keystone endpoint
'url' => 'http://184.108.40.206:5000/v2.0',
// uploadPartSize: size of the uploaded chunks, defaults to 524288000
'uploadPartSize' => 524288000,
// required on dev-/trystack
'tenantName' => 'facebook100000123456789',
// dev-/trystack uses swift by default, the lib defaults to 'cloudFiles'
// if omitted
'serviceName' => 'swift',
// The Interface / url Type, optional
'urlType' => 'internal'
This example shows how to configure Nextcloud to store all files in a swift object storage.
It is important to note that Nextcloud in object store mode will expect exclusive access to the object store container because it only stores the binary data for each file. The metadata is currently kept in the local database for performance reasons.
WARNING: The current implementation is incompatible with any app that uses direct file IO and circumvents our virtual filesystem. That includes Encryption and Gallery. Gallery will store thumbnails directly in the filesystem and encryption will cause severe overhead because key files need to be fetched in addition to any requested file.
One way to test is applying for a trystack account at http://trystack.org/
'objectstore' => [
'class' => 'OC\\Files\\ObjectStore\\Swift',
'arguments' => [
'autocreate' => true,
'user' => [
'name' => 'swift',
'password' => 'swift',
'domain' => [
'name' => 'default',
'scope' => [
'project' => [
'name' => 'service',
'domain' => [
'name' => 'default',
'tenantName' => 'service',
'serviceName' => 'swift',
'region' => 'regionOne',
'url' => 'http://yourswifthost:5000/v3',
'bucket' => 'nextcloud',
To use swift V3
'objectstore.multibucket.preview-distribution' => false,
If this is set to true and a multibucket object store is configured then newly created previews are put into 256 dedicated buckets.
Those buckets are named like the mulibucket version but with the postfix
where NUMBER is between 0 and 255.
Keep in mind that only previews of files are put in there that don't have some already. Otherwise, the old bucket will be used.
To migrate existing previews to this new multibucket distribution of previews
use the occ command preview:repair
. For now this will only migrate
previews that were generated before Nextcloud 19 in the flat
folder structure.
'hashing_default_password' => false,
By default, Nextcloud will use the Argon2 password hashing if available.
However, if for whatever reason you want to stick with the PASSWORD_DEFAULT of your php version. Then set the setting to true.
Nextcloud uses the Argon2 algorithm (with PHP >= 7.2) to create hashes by its own and exposes its configuration options as following. More information can be found at: https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.password-hash.php
'hashingThreads' => PASSWORD_ARGON2_DEFAULT_THREADS,
The number of CPU threads to be used by the algorithm for computing a hash.
The value must be an integer, and the minimum value is 1. Rationally it does not help to provide a number higher than the available threads on the machine. Values that undershoot the minimum will be ignored in favor of the minimum.
'hashingMemoryCost' => PASSWORD_ARGON2_DEFAULT_MEMORY_COST,
The memory in KiB to be used by the algorithm for computing a hash. The value must be an integer, and the minimum value is 8 times the number of CPU threads.
Values that undershoot the minimum will be ignored in favor of the minimum.
'hashingTimeCost' => PASSWORD_ARGON2_DEFAULT_TIME_COST,
The number of iterations that are used by the algorithm for computing a hash.
The value must be an integer, and the minimum value is 1. Values that undershoot the minimum will be ignored in favor of the minimum.
'hashingCost' => 10,
The hashing cost used by hashes generated by Nextcloud Using a higher value requires more time and CPU power to calculate the hashes
All other configuration options
'dbdriveroptions' => [
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA => '/file/path/to/ca_cert.pem',
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_KEY => '/file/path/to/mysql-client-key.pem',
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CERT => '/file/path/to/mysql-client-cert.pem',
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT => false,
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => 'SET wait_timeout = 28800'
Additional driver options for the database connection, e.g. to enable SSL encryption in MySQL or specify a custom wait timeout on a cheap hoster.
When setting up TLS/SSL for encrypting the connections, you need to ensure that the passed keys and certificates are readable by the PHP process. In addition, PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT might need to be set to false, if the database servers certificates CN does not match with the hostname used to connect. The standard behavior here is different from the MySQL/MariaDB CLI client, which does not verify the server cert except –ssl-verify-server-cert is passed manually.
'sqlite.journal_mode' => 'DELETE',
sqlite3 journal mode can be specified using this configuration parameter - can be 'WAL' or 'DELETE' see for more details https://www.sqlite.org/wal.html
'mysql.utf8mb4' => false,
During setup, if requirements are met (see below), this setting is set to true and MySQL can handle 4 byte characters instead of 3 byte characters.
If you want to convert an existing 3-byte setup into a 4-byte setup please set the parameters in MySQL as mentioned below and run the migration command: ./occ db:convert-mysql-charset The config setting will be set automatically after a successful run.
Consult the documentation for more details.
MySQL requires a special setup for longer indexes (> 767 bytes) which are needed:
[mysqld] innodb_large_prefix=ON innodb_file_format=Barracuda innodb_file_per_table=ON
- Tables will be created with
character set: utf8mb4
collation: utf8mb4_bin
row_format: dynamic
See: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/charset-unicode-utf8mb4.html https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_large_prefix https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/xtradbinnodb-server-system-variables/#innodb_large_prefix http://www.tocker.ca/2013/10/31/benchmarking-innodb-page-compression-performance.html http://mechanics.flite.com/blog/2014/07/29/using-innodb-large-prefix-to-avoid-error-1071/
'mysql.collation' => null,
For search queries in the database, a default collation – depending on the character set – is chosen. In some cases a different behaviour is desired, for instances when an accent sensitive search is desired.
MariaDB and MySQL have an overlap in available collations, but also incompatible ones, also depending on the version of the database server.
This option allows to override the automatic choice. Example:
'mysql.collation' => 'utf8mb4_0900_as_ci',
This setting has no effect on setup or creating tables. In those cases always utf8[mb4]_bin is being used. This setting is only taken into consideration in SQL queries that utilize LIKE comparison operators.
'supportedDatabases' => [
Database types that are supported for installation.
- Available:
sqlite (SQLite3)
mysql (MySQL)
pgsql (PostgreSQL)
oci (Oracle)
- Defaults to the following databases:
sqlite (SQLite3)
mysql (MySQL)
pgsql (PostgreSQL)
'tempdirectory' => '/tmp/nextcloudtemp',
Override where Nextcloud stores temporary files. Useful in situations where the system temporary directory is on a limited space ramdisk or is otherwise restricted, or if external storage which do not support streaming are in use.
The Web server user/PHP must have write access to this directory. Additionally you have to make sure that your PHP configuration considers this a valid tmp directory, by setting the TMP, TMPDIR, and TEMP variables to the required directories. On top of that you might be required to grant additional permissions in AppArmor or SELinux.
'updatedirectory' => '',
Override where Nextcloud stores update files while updating. Useful in situations where the default datadirectory is on network disk like NFS, or is otherwise restricted. Defaults to the value of datadirectory if unset.
The Web server user must have write access to this directory.
'blacklisted_files' => ['.htaccess'],
Blacklist a specific file or files and disallow the upload of files
with this name. .htaccess
is blocked by default.
Defaults to array('.htaccess')
'theme' => '',
If you are applying a theme to Nextcloud, enter the name of the theme here.
The default location for themes is nextcloud/themes/
Defaults to the theming app which is shipped since Nextcloud 9
'enforce_theme' => '',
Enforce the user theme. This will disable the user theming settings This must be a valid ITheme ID.
E.g. light, dark, highcontrast, dark-highcontrast…
'cipher' => 'AES-256-CTR',
- The default cipher for encrypting files. Currently supported are:
Defaults to AES-256-CTR
'encryption.use_legacy_base64_encoding' => false,
Use the legacy base64 format for encrypted files instead of the more space-efficient binary format. The option affects only newly written files, existing encrypted files will not be touched and will remain readable whether they use the new format or not.
Defaults to false
'minimum.supported.desktop.version' => '2.3.0',
The minimum Nextcloud desktop client version that will be allowed to sync with this server instance. All connections made from earlier clients will be denied by the server. Defaults to the minimum officially supported Nextcloud desktop client version at the time of release of this server version.
When changing this, note that older unsupported versions of the Nextcloud desktop client may not function as expected, and could lead to permanent data loss for clients or other unexpected results.
Defaults to 2.3.0
'localstorage.allowsymlinks' => false,
Option to allow local storage to contain symlinks.
WARNING: Not recommended. This would make it possible for Nextcloud to access files outside the data directory and could be considered a security risk.
Defaults to false
'localstorage.umask' => 0022,
Nextcloud overrides umask to ensure suitable access permissions regardless of webserver/php-fpm configuration and worker state.
WARNING: Modifying this value has security implications and may soft-break the installation.
Most installs shall not modify this value.
Defaults to 0022
'localstorage.unlink_on_truncate' => false,
This options allows storage systems that don't allow to modify existing files to overcome this limitation by removing the files before overwriting.
Defaults to false
'quota_include_external_storage' => false,
EXPERIMENTAL: option whether to include external storage in quota calculation, defaults to false.
Defaults to false
'external_storage.auth_availability_delay' => 1800,
When an external storage is unavailable for some reasons, it will be flagged as such for 10 minutes. When the trigger is a failed authentication attempt the delay is higher and can be controlled with this option. The motivation is to make account lock outs at Active Directories (and compatible) more unlikely.
Defaults to 1800
'files_external_allow_create_new_local' => true,
Allows to create external storages of type "Local" in the web interface and APIs.
When disabled, it is still possible to create local storages with occ using the following command:
% php occ files_external:create /mountpoint local null::null -c datadir=/path/to/data
Defaults to true
'filesystem_check_changes' => 0,
Specifies how often the local filesystem (the Nextcloud data/ directory, and NFS mounts in data/) is checked for changes made outside Nextcloud. This does not apply to external storage.
0 -> Never check the filesystem for outside changes, provides a performance increase when it's certain that no changes are made directly to the filesystem
1 -> Check each file or folder at most once per request, recommended for general use if outside changes might happen.
Defaults to 0
'part_file_in_storage' => true,
By default, Nextcloud will store the part files created during upload in the same storage as the upload target. Setting this to false will store the part files in the root of the users folder which might be required to work with certain external storage setups that have limited rename capabilities.
Defaults to true
'mount_file' => '/var/www/nextcloud/data/mount.json',
Where mount.json
file should be stored, defaults to data/mount.json
in the Nextcloud directory.
Defaults to data/mount.json
in the Nextcloud directory.
'filesystem_cache_readonly' => false,
When true
, prevent Nextcloud from changing the cache due to changes in
the filesystem for all storage.
Defaults to false
'trusted_proxies' => ['203.0.113.45', '198.51.100.128', '192.168.2.0/24'],
List of trusted proxy servers
You may set this to an array containing a combination of - IPv4 addresses, e.g. 192.168.2.123 - IPv4 ranges in CIDR notation, e.g. 192.168.2.0/24 - IPv6 addresses, e.g. fd9e:21a7:a92c:2323::1 - IPv6 ranges in CIDR notation, e.g. 2001:db8:85a3:8d3:1319:8a20::/95
When an incoming request's REMOTE_ADDR matches any of the IP addresses specified here, it is assumed to be a proxy instead of a client. Thus, the client IP will be read from the HTTP header specified in forwarded_for_headers instead of from REMOTE_ADDR.
So if you configure trusted_proxies, also consider setting forwarded_for_headers which otherwise defaults to HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR (the X-Forwarded-For header).
Defaults to an empty array.
'forwarded_for_headers' => ['HTTP_X_FORWARDED', 'HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR'],
Headers that should be trusted as client IP address in combination with trusted_proxies. If the HTTP header looks like 'X-Forwarded-For', then use 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR' here.
If set incorrectly, a client can spoof their IP address as visible to Nextcloud, bypassing access controls and making logs useless!
Defaults to 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'
'max_filesize_animated_gifs_public_sharing' => 10,
max file size for animating gifs on public-sharing-site.
If the gif is bigger, it'll show a static preview
Value represents the maximum filesize in megabytes. Set to -1
no limit.
Defaults to 10
'filelocking.enabled' => true,
Enables transactional file locking.
This is enabled by default.
Prevents concurrent processes from accessing the same files at the same time. Can help prevent side effects that would be caused by concurrent operations. Mainly relevant for very large installations with many users working with shared files.
Defaults to true
'filelocking.ttl' => 60*60,
Set the lock's time-to-live in seconds.
Any lock older than this will be automatically cleaned up.
- Defaults to
seconds (1 hour) or the php max_execution_time, whichever is higher.
'memcache.locking' => '\\OC\\Memcache\\Redis',
Memory caching backend for file locking
Because most memcache backends can clean values without warning using redis is highly recommended to avoid data loss.
Defaults to none
'filelocking.debug' => false,
Enable locking debug logging
Note that this can lead to a very large volume of log items being written which can lead to performance degradation and large log files on busy instance.
Thus enabling this in production for longer periods of time is not recommended
or should be used together with the log.condition
'upgrade.disable-web' => false,
Disable the web based updater
'debug' => false,
Set this Nextcloud instance to debugging mode
Only enable this for local development and not in production environments This will disable the minifier and outputs some additional debug information
Defaults to false
'data-fingerprint' => '',
Sets the data-fingerprint of the current data served
This is a property used by the clients to find out if a backup has been restored on the server. Once a backup is restored run ./occ maintenance:data-fingerprint To set this to a new value.
Updating/Deleting this value can make connected clients stall until the user has resolved conflicts.
Defaults to ''
(empty string)
'copied_sample_config' => true,
This entry is just here to show a warning in case somebody copied the sample configuration. DO NOT ADD THIS SWITCH TO YOUR CONFIGURATION!
If you, brave person, have read until here be aware that you should not modify ANY settings in this file without reading the documentation.
'lookup_server' => 'https://lookup.nextcloud.com',
use a custom lookup server to publish user data
'gs.enabled' => false,
set to true if the server is used in a setup based on Nextcloud's Global Scale architecture
'gs.federation' => 'internal',
by default federation is only used internally in a Global Scale setup If you want to allow federation outside your environment set it to 'global'
'csrf.optout' => [
'/^WebDAVFS/', // OS X Finder
'/^Microsoft-WebDAV-MiniRedir/', // Windows webdav drive
List of incompatible user agents opted out from Same Site Cookie Protection.
Some user agents are notorious and don't really properly follow HTTP specifications. For those, have an opt-out.
WARNING: only use this if you know what you are doing
'simpleSignUpLink.shown' => true,
By default, there is on public pages a link shown that allows users to learn about the "simple sign up" - see https://nextcloud.com/signup/
If this is set to "false" it will not show the link.
'login_form_autocomplete' => true,
By default, autocompletion is enabled for the login form on Nextcloud's login page.
While this is enabled, browsers are allowed to "remember" login names and such. Some companies require it to be disabled to comply with their security policy.
Simply set this property to "false", if you want to turn this feature off.
'no_unsupported_browser_warning' => false,
If your user is using an outdated or unsupported browser, a warning will be shown to offer some guidance to upgrade or switch and ensure a proper Nextcloud experience.
They can still bypass it after they have read the warning.
Simply set this property to "true", if you want to turn this feature off.
'files_no_background_scan' => false,
Disable background scanning of files
By default, a background job runs every 10 minutes and execute a background scan to sync filesystem and database. Only users with unscanned files (size < 0 in filecache) are included. Maximum 500 users per job.
Defaults to false
'query_log_file' => '',
Log all queries into a file
Warning: This heavily decreases the performance of the server and is only meant to debug/profile the query interaction manually. Also, it might log sensitive data into a plain text file.
'redis_log_file' => '',
Log all redis requests into a file
Warning: This heavily decreases the performance of the server and is only meant to debug/profile the redis interaction manually. Also, it might log sensitive data into a plain text file.
'diagnostics.logging' => true,
Enable diagnostics event logging
If enabled the timings of common execution steps will be logged to the Nextcloud log at debug level. log.condition is useful to enable this on production systems to only log under some conditions
'diagnostics.logging.threshold' => 0,
Limit diagnostics event logging to events longer than the configured threshold in ms
when set to 0 no diagnostics events will be logged
'profile.enabled' => true,
Enable profile globally
Defaults to true
'enable_file_metadata' => true,
Enable file metadata collection
This is helpful for the mobile clients and will enable few optimizations in the future for the preview generation.
Note that when enabled, this data will be stored in the database and might increase the database storage.
'account_manager.default_property_scope' => [],
Allows to override the default scopes for Account data.
The list of overridable properties and valid values for scopes are in
. Values added here are merged with
default values, which are in OC\Accounts\AccountManager
For instance, if the phone property should default to the private scope instead of the local one:
\OCP\Accounts\IAccountManager::PROPERTY_PHONE => \OCP\Accounts\IAccountManager::SCOPE_PRIVATE
'projects.enabled' => false,
Enable the deprecated Projects feature, superseded by Related resources as of Nextcloud 25
Defaults to false
'bulkupload.enabled' => true,
Enable the bulk upload feature.
Defaults to true
'reference_opengraph' => true,
Enables fetching open graph metadata from remote urls
Defaults to true
App config options
Activity app
Retention for activities of the activity app:
'activity_expire_days' => 365,
Every day a cron job is ran, which deletes all activities for all users
which are older then the number of days that is set for activity_expire_days
'activity_use_cached_mountpoints' => false,
Before enabling this, read the warning in Activities in groupfolders or external storages
Settings app
If an email address of a user is changed by an admin, then it triggers an email
to the user that states "Your email address on URL was changed by an
administrator.". In some cases this should not be triggered, because it was a
normal maintenance change. To disable this specific email the appconfig option
can be set to yes
occ config:app:set settings disable_activity.email_address_changed_by_admin --value yes
To disable this behaviour change it to any other value or delete the app config:
occ config:app:delete settings disable_activity.email_address_changed_by_admin


text:
Category: Computers & Software, Composing
1 result
Introduction The International Computer Music Association is an international affiliation of individuals and institutions involved in the technical, creative, and performance aspects of computer music. It serves composers, computer software and hardware developers, researchers, and musicians who are interested in the integration of music and technology. ICMA functions include: The International Computer Music Conference The ICMA cosponsors the annual ICMC, which, since its inception in 1974, has become the preeminent yearly gathering of computer music practitioners from around the world.
Arts & Humanities | California | Composing | Computer music | Digital music | English | Entertainment | Michigan | Music technology | Musid | San Francisco | Technology | Text | United States | University of Michigan | Computers & Software | Music | Science & Technology
♥ 0
1,138 read

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Lavender Sweetie
- Regular price
- Regular price
- Sale price
- Unit price
- per
The sweetie bow headband is perfect for fitness and everyday wear. They are tied and can thus adjust to a variety of head sizes, making them extremely versatile.
The material is super soft, comfortable, stretchy and lightweight.
Whether you want to match your mini, manage your post partum frizzies or those bad hair days, have a stylish but effortless look, or hit the gym - this headband is a perfect option!
Material: double brushed knit
Sizing: please note the standard adult size fits ages 6 and up. Smaller sizes are available, but these are approximates - feel free to size up or down depending on what you feel should fit best.
Handmade in Sainte-Eustache, Quebec
Please note that colour may be slightly different depending on your screen setting. The pattern may also vary slightly depending on where the fabric is cut.


text:
(BPT) – As the temperature drops and the holiday season approaches, the pressure rises for those who will partake in the season's festivities. From holiday style to gifting, the list of holiday how-tos can seem overwhelming.
Lifestyle expert and celebrity stylist Robert Verdi and entertaining expert Katie Lee share their advice for creating a beautiful, low-stress holiday – including simple tips for beauty, hosting and gifting.
Prepare for your holiday close-up
The holidays are the most-photographed season of the year, so it is important to be ready for your close-up at a moment's notice. The first step is moisturizing to keep skin soft during the winter months and using a deep conditioner to keep hair shiny. Keep an "instant glam kit" close by for quick touch ups, including the double-ended CoverGirl Blast Flipstick in Stunner for a classic red lip with a customized blend of color, and CoverGirl Clump Crusher by LashBlast for defined look-at-me lashes.
Enhance your look for a last-minute celebration
Nearly two-thirds of women think it is important to have a day-to-night look for the holiday season, according to a survey by Wakefield Research, commissioned by P&G. Layering is the key to dress up daytime ensembles for post-work functions. Women should wear a sleeveless, sparkly shirt with a stylish cardigan or professional blazer over the top. After work, peel off the top layer to transition to a more festive, party-ready look. Men should keep a vibrant bow tie handy to add a touch of excitement to the classic boardroom look.
Set the scene for a holiday gathering
On average, Americans attend three holiday events during the winter season, which may seem overwhelming when you're playing host or hostess. To set the scene and instantly put your guests in the holiday spirit, fill your home with a warm holiday scent, like the Febreze Limited Edition Cranberries & Frost Collection. In addition, a well-placed strand of white Christmas tree lights adorned with ornaments or stars add a nice glow to your home. To decorate the space, repurpose old floral vases by filling them with cranberries, acorns or ornaments and top them with an unscented votive candle.
Entertain with ease
Hosting a lovely holiday gathering doesn't necessarily call for hours of preparation. Save time by serving easy hors d'oeuvres with foods you already have in your pantry. Simply wrap store-bought breadsticks in prosciutto, add fresh herbs and red pepper flakes to marinated olives, and lightly toast nuts seasoned with a dash of chili powder for three festive bites you can make on the fly. To liven up traditional place settings, adorn potted rosemary plants with nametags. These double as party favors that your guests can take home and enjoy in their own kitchens.
Gracious gifting
Selecting the perfect gift can be a major source of stress during the holidays. In fact, "best gift giver" is the most-sought-after title during the winter holiday season, beating out "best host/hostess" and "best holiday decorator." To ensure that you don't miss anyone on your gift list, always keep a few extra gifts on hand and be sure to pre-wrap and label them. The key is to keep extra gifts under the tree so that they are accessible and you can quickly grab from the pile when necessary. To show appreciation for your hair dressers, children's teachers and babysitters, stock up on P&G Beauty and Grooming gift sets full of must-have products from Olay, Venus, CoverGirl, Gillette, Herbal Essences, Old Spice, Pantene and Secret. Best of all, there are $104 in savings included in the Nov. 25 P&G brandSAVER. For more tips from Katie and Robert,visit www.Facebook.com/PGEveryday and www.Facebook.com/PGUnitedWeBeautify.


text:
Print in Citrusdal is offering you an incredible turnaround and affordable pricing for document printing near you.
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Students can print their work at any student printing device on any campus. Follow Me Printing – the ability to release your print job to any student printing device on any campus, support for mobile device printing (printing from smartphones and tablets to any student device across the University
Print shop...Copy shop...shipping and mailing service...Digital printer.
Laser printers - Ink printers
When it comes to finding printers in your local area there are usually several options. We can arrange a same day courier delivery with customer live tracking.
Are you looking for a printing service in Citrusdal which is open 24 Hour 7 days a week. Pay for Print is a service that allows customers to print, copy and scan documents efficiently. Multiple printers, plotters, and scanners.
Wide variety of copying and printing options: black and white, full colour, single or double sided, wide format, bulk or low volume, variety of sizes: A6 to A0, litho printing, print on demand and much more...
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Self servive printing: all locations here...Copy pro.
Multiple kiosks where you can browse through your images and select your favourites for printing. Scanning to email is often cheaper than faxing for larger documents.
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For those without a printer at home, printing can be a cost-effective option. Do you need colour printouts for a school project? Do you need wedding invitations or birthday invitations? Cost effective printing solution for medium to large runs.
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Your plans can be printed in black & white, line colour or full colour.
We can help you with anything from plain paper and canvas to glossy vinyl and rich photographic paper.
We offer spiral and wire binding. The spiral binding method joins pages and cover using a coil which is made of a very durable plastic. Our wire binding comes with clear plastic front cover and a card and clear plastic back cover. We offer a wide range of paper and card with silk, matt and uncoated finish.
Configure your product and get a quote:
Professional photo & art printing: photo books, baby photo books, travel photo books, home decor, canvas prints, poster prints, acrylic prints, metal prints, designer collection. Find the perfect photo book theme for your project
Any type or any size photo printing service same day. Variety of paper you can choose from: matt, gloss, satin or vintage looking uncoated paper.
Choose your print size: Standard prints, Square prints, Large prints, Specialty prints
Design your own custom picture frames with our online framing service. Check out the information below for sizing tips and explanations of some of the key terms we use when custom framing. Get to use your favourite pictures to create a unique and beautiful framed print with a choice of either black or white mat paper for your home decor. The photo paper quality is so superior that your photos will shine right through its time and display the story in front of the eyes as if alive.
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Graphic designers can deliver impact and appeal to your business... Graphic designers will work closely with you to create artwork that perfectly reflects your business, and we will deliver high quality results quickly and effectively.
Save your CV in a file format that is widely compatible, such as PDF or Word document. Use high-quality paper that is thicker and more durable than regular printer paper. While color printing can be visually appealing, it may be more expensive. Black and white printing is often sufficient for CVs. Ensure that the text is legible and easy to read. Both A4 and Letter sizes are widely accepted for CV printing. It's a good practice to maintain a sufficient margin around the content when creating your CV. It's essential to include relevant and concise information that showcases your qualifications, skills, and experiences. Keep the CV concise, organized, and easy to read, using clear headings and bullet points to improve readability. Print resume in Citrusdal.
Affordable 3D printing services to turn ideas and designs into 3D models for any purpose. Quality industrial grade printing with large build volume and dual independent. Customized 3D prints in PLA for the home, office, school, or other personal use. Rapid prototyping services. Local quick turn, on-demand 3D printing and laser cutting...Low-fidelity, proof-of-concept prototyping and visual design verification.
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Incorporate important dates, holidays, and events relevant to your target audience. This could include national holidays, observances, or personal milestones.
Lay out each month's grid with dates, days of the week, and spaces for notes.
Flyer and leaflet printing is one of the most cost-effective types of business promotion.
Enable secure mobile print and scan to help your people stay productive on the move. Shifting paper processes to digital can cut your costs in simple but significant ways. Make printing faster and easier, and printer downtime a thing of the past.


text:
A styling powder to add volume and texture with a matte finish.
Creates volume with touchable texture. pump provides even distribution for general or targeted application. refillable pump reduces environmental impact and wastage.
How to use.
Shake gently before use. apply to dry hair for texture. apply directly to roots for extra root lift. refill pack can be used as a shaker or with pump.


text:
It looked down over Celina, Tennessee like a watchful eye, and for decades, Cumberland River Hospital provided a sense of security for this struggling rural county.
But now, the hospital sits empty and dark; its hallways filled with silence. The death of this county's only hospital has thrust this place into darkness, and dozens more like it across the country are potentially about to suffer the same fate.
"We are seeing a huge divide in healthcare among Americans," explained Johnny Presley, the owner of this small rural hospital.
Hospitals across the country are struggling now more than ever, as patients are still avoiding elective surgeries because of COVID-19. Those are the bread and butter of most hospital's bottom line.
In Celina, Tennessee, a town of about 1,400 people, the hospital also served as the county's biggest employer. Presley spent months fighting with Medicare for reimbursement payments until he was finally forced to close the emergency room.
He's poured $2 million of his own money into the hospital in an attempt to save its life.
"When people can't live in the rural communities they grew up in without access to healthcare, it's almost like you're in a prison," he said.
The cruel irony of a hospital closing in the middle of a pandemic is not lost on anyone who lives in this or any other rural community in America. At this hospital alone, they were able to stabilize or save more than a dozen COVID-19 patients over the past few months. Patients that now will be forced to drive more than an hour for care to the next closest emergency room.
"So, many people are going to die. They're gonna die because they don't get the emergency care they need," said Stephen Headrick, who lives in Celina and has relied on this emergency room countless times over the years.
Since 2005, a staggering 174 rural hospitals have shut down nationwide. Fifteen of those closures happened this year alone, leaving a vacuum of care in their absence. Texas and Tennessee lead the nation in hospital closures.
By the end of this year, hospitals across the country are expected to lose more than $300 billion, a staggering statistic that ripples far beyond the walls of any emergency room.
When Cumberland River closed, nearly 100 doctors, nurses and staff were let go. By some estimates, 2020 may end up claiming the lives of nearly 200 more hospitals.
"To keep our hospitals open during this pandemic, the government has to intervene," Presley explained.
With federal aid, Presley could reopen the hospital tomorrow, but so far, his pleas to politicians have gone unanswered.
"I think it's just a travesty that this country is going through. This country is so polarized that the most basic human needs of food and healthcare are being overlooked," he said.
Rural lifelines are on life support as American lives hang in the balance.


text:
Wilhelm Steinitz (born May 14, 1836, Prague, Bohemia, Austrian Empire [now in Czech Republic]—died August 12, 1900, Wards Island, New York, U.S.) was an Austrian-American chess master who is considered to have been the world champion longer than any other player, winning the championship in 1866 from Adolf Anderssen (although the first official claim to hold the title was not made until 1886) and losing it in 1894 to Emanuel Lasker.
(Read Garry Kasparov's Britannica essay on chess & Deep Blue.)
Steinitz learned to play chess from a schoolmate when he was about 12 years old. In 1858 he entered the Polytechnic Institute in Vienna, but he soon dropped out of school and occupied himself with chess full-time. In 1862 he represented Austria in his first national tournament. Later that year he moved to England, and in 1883 he moved to the United States, where he was finally defeated by Lasker.
A superb defensive player, particularly in his later years, he sought to systematize chess and devoted much time and effort to arguing his theories. Following his defeat by Lasker, Steinitz suffered a nervous breakdown and was hospitalized in Moscow. He recovered for a time but fell ill again and died a pauper.


text:
Via MEMRI TV, skip ahead to 9:28. I'm actually sort of charmed that a left-wing jurist thinks it matters much what's written in a nation's constitution. Our Supreme Court managed to tease a right to abortion out of a clause governing legal procedure, didn't it? Seventy years earlier, a right-wing Court teased a right of contract out of the same provision. If you can do that, there ain't much you can't do. In fact, we're on the cusp right now of Congress being granted a new power to force Americans to buy certain products; the clause responsible for that, which deals with regulating commerce between states, was somehow used a few years ago to reach marijuana grown in someone's own backyard for their own use — with conservative support, do note. A smart, aggressive judge can make a document say nearly anything. The constitution sets certain goalposts, granted, but there's a lottttt of space between them for a skilled kicker to aim.
Ginsburg's fondness for South Africa's constitution, I take it, comes from the fact that their bill of rights includes welfare-state guarantees like the right to housing and the right to health care. In an age when the western world is starting to collapse under the weight of entitlements, she seems to prefer a model that would make it even harder to reform those entitlements through normal democratic means. That's the last thing Egypt needs given how deep its economic problems run; there's no way the government will be able to vindicate those rights anytime soon, so why make any promises? But they will promise, no doubt, because that's what Egyptians are expecting, and if the new regime can't keep its promise then it'll simply revert to Mubarak tactics to quiet popular discontent. That's the other unspoken punchline here, of course — that culture matters at least as much as what's in the constitution, and probably more. No doubt Coptic Christians will have the right to free speech under whatever Egypt's new parliament comes up with, just as North Koreans constitutionally have the right to vote, but how long do you think that'll last under a government dominated by Islamists? In fact, note that the other model she mentions here is Canada's Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which somehow failed to prevent Mark Steyn and Ezra Levant from being hassled for criticizing Islam by Canada's Orwellian human rights Star Chamber. A constitution is as good as the political culture that surrounds it. Ginsburg would have been better off reminding Egyptian TV of that.


text:
Submission Preparation Checklist
As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission's compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines.- The submission has not been previously published, nor is it before another journal for consideration (or an explanation has been provided in Comments to the Editor).
- The submission file is in OpenOffice, Microsoft Word, or RTF document file format.
- Where available, URLs for the references have been provided.
- The text is single-spaced; uses a 12-point font; employs italics, rather than underlining (except with URL addresses); and all illustrations, figures, and tables are placed within the text at the appropriate points, rather than at the end.
- The text adheres to the stylistic and bibliographic requirements outlined in the Author Guidelines.
Section default policyPrivacy Statement
General provisions
§ 1.
- The privacy policy and cookies policy of annals-parasitology.eu (hereinafter: "Policy") is drafted and accepted by Instytut Parazytologii im. Witolda Stefańskiego PAN.
- The terms used in the Policy are defined as follows:
- Website: the website of annals-parasitology.eu;
- User: the individual using the publicly assessable Website;
- Owner: Instytut Parazytologii im. Witolda Stefańskiego PAN, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, NIP (taxpayer identification no.): 898-19-01-177;
- Cookies: test files uploaded by the Website to and saved on the end device of the User used to browse the internet. The files include information required for proper operation of the Website. Cookies usually contain the domain of the website of origin, storage time on the end device, and number;
- The objectives of the Policy include the following:
- providing Users with information on the Website's use of Cookies required by provisions of the law, including of the Telecommunications Law;
- protecting User privacy in scope of the appropriate standards and requirements specified in effective provisions of the law.
- The owner restricts collection and use of User information to the minimum required for providing services to said Users.
- The terms of the Policy must be accepted in order to gain full access to the content and services offered by the Owner through the Website.
- The following provisions of the law are applied:
- the Telecommunications Law of 16 July 2004 (Journal of Laws 2017.1907, consolidated text, as amended);
- the Electronic Services Law of 18 July 2002 (Dz. U. 2017.1219, consolidated text, as amended);
- Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (OJ L 119 of 4.5.2016) and polish provisions on personal data protection.
Privacy and personal data protection
§ 2.
- The Owner processes User data in accordance with provisions of the law. The personal data of Users obtained by the Owner is processed under consent of the User or other premise authorising legal data processing, specifically the Regulation.
- The owner takes due care in order to protect the interests of data holders, specifically to ensure that said data is:
- processed in accordance with the law, legitimately, transparently for Clients and other data holders;
- collected for specific, clear, and legally justified purposes and not processed further in violation of said objectives;
- adequate, appropriate, and restricted to the processing purposes;
- correct and, in required, updated;
- stored in format allowing for identification of the holder for a period not longer than required for processing purposes;
- processed in a way ensuring appropriate personal data safety, including protection from unauthorised or illegal processing and accidental loss, destruction, or damage, with appropriate technological or organisational measures,
- The Owner applies appropriate technological and organisational measures to ensure protection of the processed personal data adequate to processing nature, range, and objectives and the risk of violation of said rights or freedom of natural persons.
- The Owner strives to ensure systematic innovation of the used computer, technological, and organisational protection measures for said data. Specifically, the Owner ensures updates of computer security measures providing protection from viruses, unauthorised access, and other hazards stemming from the operations of computer system and telecommunications networks.
- The Owner provides all Users who provided their personal data in any way to the Owner with access to their data and data holders with execution of other rights in accordance with appropriate effective provisions of the law. Specifically, said individuals are authorised to:
- retract consent to personal data processing;
- information concerning personal data;
- control data processing, including to complete, update, correct, and remove said data;
- object towards processing or processing restriction;
- file complaints to the supervisory authority and take advantage of other legal measures to protect their personal rights.
- The Owner may process the personal data automatically, including through profiling, under the standards resulting from the Regulation. In such instances, the activity of the Owner focuses on marketing objectives or the need to personalise the messages sent to Users (including customisation of the information to User needs or expectations). The User is authorised to object to such processing of the User's data – said objection can be expressed in a message sent to the Owner's address: email@example.com.
- The individual with access to personal data processed it only as authorised by the Owner of personal data processing entrustment agreement and only upon request of the Owner.
§ 3.
- Cookies identify the User, which allows for customisation of the website content to individual needs. Saving of the User's preferences allows for provision of customised content, including advertisements. The owner uses Cookies to ensure an appropriate convenience standard of the Website and the collected data is used only internally for optimisation purposes.
- Cookies are used for the following purposes:
- adaptation of the Website's pages to User preferences;
- optimisation of Website use; specifically by detecting User's end device,
- creation of statistics,
- preservation of the User's session,
- providing advertising content to the User.
- Cookies can be saved on the Website User's end device.
- The gathered data is used for monitoring purposes in order to check how Users use the Website in order to improve Website operation by ensuring more efficient and problem-free navigation.
- In certain cases beyond the control of the Owner, the internet browsing software installed by the User on the end device (e.g. browser) introduces default settings for Cookies storage on the User's end device. The Users can change the Cookies settings at any time. The configuration can be set to block automatic Cookies settings or inform of every instance of Cookies being saved on the User's end device. For detailed information in this matter, see the settings and instructions of the software (browser).
- The User can turn off or restore cookies saving at any time my entering appropriate changes to browser configuration.
- Changing the configuration constitutes an objection, which in the future may produce problems in use of the Website. Cookies turned off completely do not prevent browsing of the Website content with reservation of content requiring the User to sign in.
- If no changes are made, the data will be saved on the User's end device (use of the Website will automatically save Cookies on the User's end device).
- The data saved on the User's end device do not alter the configuration on the User's end device or software installed on said device.
- Cookies information is also applicable to other similar technologies used by the Website.
Final provisions
§ 4.
- The Policy is accepted by the Owner and takes effect on the date of 25-05-2018. Changes to Policy content are subject to the same standards.
- Any exceptions from the Policy require written form under the penalty of being invalid.
- The law governing the Policy is the Law of the Republic of Poland.
- Matters not regulated by the Policy are subject to appropriate provisions of the law.
The Annals of Parasitology (formerly Wiadomości Parazytologiczne) is an official, peer reviewed quarterly of the Polish Parasitological Society. The Annals of Parasitology publishes original papers, review articles, short notes and case reports in the fields of parasitology, mycology, and related disciplines. It also accepts interdisciplinary articles, scientific conference proceedings, book reviews. An important mission of our journal is to inform our Readers about the activities of the Polish Parasitological Society and advancement of parasitology both in Poland and elsewhere.


text:
In researching the field of education, L. Ron Hubbard discovered the crucial undercut wholly omitted from all educational systems. Specifically, there has never been an education in study itself. Isolating the exact barriers that deny understanding, he developed the first actual technology of how to study any subject or field of endeavor and gain the ability to use and apply what has been learned. Here, then, is an introduction to a technology that has brought millions lasting success in study, work and life. Read More
Education would be in the direction of accomplishing certain actions professionally. Now, that is my own word introduced into there, professionally. But if one is educated in a subject, one expects him to be able to accomplish certain things with that subject. —L. Ron Hubbard
No civilized culture has failed to recognize the importance of education. And it is widely acknowledged that in today's fast‑paced society, success depends on the ability to swiftly understand and use information. Yet scholastic results continue to decline with millions of students ending their basic education without the minimum reading and writing skills essential to daily living. Quite in addition to the devastating consequences on their own lives, the repercussions across society include hundreds of billions lost annually in wasted productivity, unemployment and crime.
What lies behind the crisis in education? Are some subjects simply hard to teach? Are some teachers just not good at imparting knowledge? The proposed solutions are as varied as the problems, but many are based on labeling students as unable to learn, instead of identifying the real failure.
In researching the field of education over three decades, L. Ron Hubbard examined the entire learning process, very much including the ability to apply what has been taught. He made what amounts to an historic and broad sweeping breakthrough, isolating the single common denominator to the diverse problems besetting all education. Rather than merely addressing a particular subject or branch of knowledge, he discovered a crucial undercut wholly omitted from educational systems since time immemorial. Specifically, there has never been an education in study itself.
What Mr. Hubbard isolated and identified are the exact obstacles that deny understanding of any subject, or more specifically, the barriers to study. With the new knowledge of how these barriers are the cause of failed education and its many consequences, he developed a fully workable solution—what has become known as Study Technology. Here, then, is the first actual technology of how to study any subject or field of endeavor and gain the ability to use and apply what has been learned.
Originally applied to the training of Scientologists in Churches of Scientology, Study Technology proved so phenomenally successful that teachers and educational institutions at every level began adopting it until, today, it is used by tens of thousands of institutions in over 100 countries of Earth.
Contained within this landmark lecture is an introduction to a technology capable of lifting the whole civilization to a higher plateau and which has already provided the means to lasting success in study, work and life for millions of people in every corner of the world.