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To access your account information, locate the confirmation email you received when you signed up. To access your account on the website, enter your email and password, then click Log In. If you do not have your password, click I don't have / forgot my password. Provide your email address and click Submit. You will receive an email to reset your password.
After logging in to your account, invite participants via email or use the invite form. You may also use the Huddle.Team for Outlook® plug-in. Notify participants of the date and time of the conference call and provide the dial-in number and access code. At the scheduled time, everyone calls the dial-in number and enters the access code followed by pound or hash (#). If you are the host, press star (*), then enter the host PIN followed by pound or hash (#).
There are three options:
1. Record audio, video and screen sharing using Phone Keypad Commands.
Dial in as the host (call your dial-in number and enter the access code followed by pound or hash (#), then press star (*) and enter the host PIN when prompted). To start recording, press *9 and 1 to confirm. To stop and save the recording, press *9 again and 1 to confirm.
2. Record audio, video and screen sharing sessions using Web Controls.
During a live conference call, log in to your account. Go to your Meeting Wall and click Web Controls at the top of the page. Click Record to start recording. Click Record again to stop and save the recording.
3. Record audio, video and screen sharing with the desktop application.
Launch the desktop app and host an online meeting. Start audio, video and screen sharing as desired. Click Record on the Meeting Dashboard. Click Record again to stop.
Note: To access recordings, go to your Account Info page and choose History & Recordings from the Profile drop-down menu. You can play, share, download, delete and lock any recordings. Use the playback number (listed at the bottom of the page) to call in and listen to recordings over the telephone.
Call Detail Reports are sent by email to the host after every meeting takes place. The report includes participant information such as time spent on each call and other meeting details.
An anonymous caller ID displays on Call Detail Reports when the telephone number of the caller has been blocked, either by choice or by phone carrier default.
The Stir/Shaken framework is an industry-standard caller ID authentication technology. It is a set of technical standards and protocols that allow for the authentication and verification of caller ID information for calls carried over Internet Protocol (IP) networks. The attestation for authentication and verification is set by the call's originating carrier. FreeConferenceCall will provide attestation to all outbound calling services originating from FreeConferenceCall. This includes an outbound call from your Virtual Phone and when meeting participants choose the "call me" option, etc. Those calls will all have an "A" level attestation.
No. Use your account as many times as you would like.
No reservations are needed. You can host a conference call 24/7.
A maximum of 1,000 participants can join a conference call. Our large meeting services allow up to 5,000 participants. For more information, contact the large meeting services team.
Each conference call can last up to six hours with an unlimited number of calls allowed.
Static or echo on a conference call can be caused by using or placing a mobile device too close to a computer or speakerphone. Avoid placing other speakers, headsets, cordless phones, etc. near your device if you experience static or an echo. If you continue to experience static or echo on a conference line, press *51 to mute all participants. When all participants are muted, you can press *53 to unmute all participants.
For US numbers If you're having difficulty connecting to your meeting, you can send a text message to your conference Dial-In Number.
Once connected, enter your Access Code as you normally would.
Note: For US Numbers Only. Message and data rates may apply.
Yes. You can text "Call Me" to your conference dial-in number. You will receive a call directly that will connect you and you will then enter your Access Code as you normally would.
Note: For US Numbers Only. Message and data rates may apply.
Huddle.Team is a global service that can be used around the world. For a list of international dial-in numbers, click View list on your Account Info page. We have in-country dial-in numbers in 60 countries and counting.
To set up an international conference call, provide participants with the local in-country dial-in number and access code. For an online meeting, include the online meeting ID and/or join link. Notify participants of the date and time of the conference call. At the scheduled time, call the dial-in number and enter the access code followed by pound or hash (#). Hosts additionally enter the host PIN followed by pound or hash (#).
Yes, you can use any in-country dial-in number. All dial-in numbers can be called from anywhere in the world.
Note: The access code remains the same and connects all callers.
Yes, you can use a calling card to connect to a conference call.
Online meetings support video conferencing and screen sharing. Hosts and participants can share screens, documents, slides, spreadsheets, etc. or use video conferencing with a webcam to meet face to face.
Online meetings support collaboration and increase productivity. On Huddle.Team apps, hosts can access call controls, see the list of participants on the call, show video and share computer screens, documents, web links or presentations.
Yes. Participants can be muted using the Web Controls panel located on your Meeting Wall or the Meeting Dashboard. From the Meeting Wall, click Web Controls, select a participant from the Attendee List and click Mute. From the Meeting Dashboard, hover over the participant's name on the Attendee List and select Mute.
On the Meeting Dashboard, click Chat to message the whole group or private message an individual participant.
Online meetings work on PCs, Macs®, Chromebooks™, iOS and Android™ phones and tablets. Download apps.
Note: Chromebooks do not require a download, so users can host or join meetings using Web Viewer. View recommended browsers and system requirements.
To use remote desktop:
To start a video conference:
Note: If you do not have the Huddle.Team desktop application, download it now.
First, please ensure that your device is currently supported by our Virtual Backgrounds. Please note, Virtual Backgrounds are also only available to users who have a paid feature (this includes those who contribute).
If your device is supported, you can choose to add a Virtual Background by going to the Desktop Application Video preferences.
Once in your Video Preferences, you can select a default picture or upload your own.
Current Device Requirements: Virtual backgrounds are available on FreeConferenceCall Desktop Application for only those devices with CPUs that support AVX. This includes: - Windows 7+ 64bit -MacOS 10.11+ -6th generation of Intel processor or newer. Note: ARM processors like Apple M1 are not yet supported, but will be shortly.
Huddle.Team video conferencing supports up to five simultaneous video feeds. The primary video feed always displays the active speaker, and up to five feeds appear in the sidebar. Having a video feed displayed in the sidebar is initially first come, first served. As the conference progresses, the display is based on how often a given participant speaks.
On the Meeting Dashboard, click Attendee List to view all participants and see who is connected through audio, screen sharing and video.
To share your screen:
Note: If you do not have the Huddle.Team desktop app, download it now.
Web Viewer allows participants to join online meetings with their web browsers instead of joining via the Huddle.Team desktop application. No download is necessary.
At this time, only Chromebook supports full host functionality through Web Viewer, including VoIP audio, video and screen sharing. Using the Meeting Dashboard, Chromebook users are also able to: record, select mute modes, chat and more. For details, refer to Host Instructions.
Participants can join a meeting with VoIP audio and video conferencing and view screen sharing. Participants are able to send and receive chat messages, view participants and mute/unmute their own line.
If participants have the Huddle.Team desktop application installed, the system will automatically detect and launch the application.
We recommend that participants join using Chrome™ 60 and newer or Chromebook or Firefox® 78 and newer, or Edge 79 and newer, or Safari® 11.1 and newer. These browsers support VoIP audio, multi-feed video and viewing screen sharing.
When using Firefox, Chrome or Chromebook, click the camera that appears in the toolbar. A pop-up will appear requesting access to the camera and microphone. Allow access to start video conferencing.
During the conference call, start recording at any time by pressing *9 and 1 to confirm. All participants are notified that the recording has started. To stop and save the recording, press *9 and 1 to confirm again.
No, you must record every call manually following the instructions.
Access recordings two ways:
A reference number is used to identify each recording. It can be located on the History & Recordings tab on your Account Info page and on the Call Detail Report sent after each call.
As long as your account is active, recordings are stored until there is no more space available.You can choose to delete previous recordings or purchase more storage for a low monthly fee.
Yes, download any recording by accessing History & Recordings from your Account Info page.
There is a maximum storage space of 10GB per account. However, you can add more storage by going to Upgrades on your Account Info page.
Currently, we do not offer editing capabilities. However, we recommend using the editing program Audacity.
Yes. You can either copy the link found under the History & Recordings tab or download the file and email it.
Broadcaster is a feature that allows you to play previously recorded conferences or uploaded high-definition audio, video and screen sharing files during a live meeting.
To upload a recording, click Broadcaster at the top of your Meeting Wall. Click Upload to upload audio files.
You may broadcast any previously recorded audio, video and screen sharing session. You can also broadcast any uploaded .wav or .mp3 high-definition audio file.
Note: Recordings from other conference providers are not supported.
No, Broadcaster is embedded on your Meeting Wall.
Yes, to view the broadcast of your audio, video and screen sharing sessions, open the Meeting Wall and click Play from the Broadcaster tab.
No, you do not have to be on a live meeting. To start a broadcast, click Broadcast on the Broadcaster tab and all invited participants will see what is broadcasted. To view what you are broadcasting, see the question above.
With Keywords℠, you can scan through your conference recordings by viewing a complete list of the key words spoken.
The Keywords service is provided for free. You also have access to automatic transcriptions for free.
First, record your conference call by pressing *9 on your phone keypad or your online meeting by clicking Record on the Meeting Dashboard.
To access Conference Keywords and request a transcription:
To view a new or previously created transcription:
The following Integrations are available with every Huddle.Team account:
Yes. We don't listen or record any customer calls without permission.
No. We do not share customer data. For more information, review our Privacy Policy.
View the list of conference call participants on the Web Controls tab on your Meeting Wall. You can also get a caller count by pressing *2. For online meetings, view participants by selecting Attendee List on the Meeting Dashboard. Additionally, after the meeting, a Call Detail Report will be emailed to you providing a list of participants and the length of time they were on the call.
Yes. Log in to your account and choose Settings from the Profile drop-down menu, then click Change Password. Complete the fields and click Confirm.
Mac and Windows, iOS and Android are all supported with Huddle.Team.
This may be due to your firewall. Please contact your network administrator and allow firewall access to/from the following networks:
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text:
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subset: commoncrawl


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Perhaps you've wondered why so many college professors are so left-wing. In your freshman year, you might have noted with dread—as I did—some of your fellow students "going with the flow" and molding their beliefs to fit in. Perhaps one of them was you, before you grew up and snapped out of it! The Frankfurt School is the answer to why so many universities are Social Justice Warrior factories.
The origins of the Frankfurt School
They began as a Communist think tank at the Goethe University Frankfurt. They noted that the masses didn't rise up during the First World War to overthrow capitalism; instead, the citizens fought for their countries. Only Russia became Communist, a place they didn't expect Communism to take hold. Since they took the writings of Marx as gospel, all this was quite shocking. They decided they needed to prepare the way by breaking down traditional social ties—country, family, and religion—and afterwards the masses would embrace rule by a global Communist state. That's not working out too well lately, but all that's another story.
They found themselves unwelcome in Germany during the 1930s, and one of the two reasons was that all of them were Communists. They moved to the USA, settling down in Columbia University. How did they repay the country that gave them refuge? By subverting it, of course. If all this sounds like McCarthyist alarmism, note that the Communists themselves claim them.
Because the proletariat just wasn't interested in revolution, they rebranded Communism, taking out the elements of class struggle, and adding contributions from Freudian theory. This was a mistake; Communism emphasized hard work and heroism; that much is respectable even if the rest of the ideology is badly flawed. If you compare the Motherland Calls statue to Trigglypuff, you'll understand.
How cultural Marxism took root
They had two strategies: ensconcing themselves into academia, and the criticism of society (hence "critical theory"). Ultimately, this meant ideological subversion and basically badgering society to death. (It seems incredible that they did so much without picking up a single rifle.) They stressed moral relativism and the "question everything" atmosphere that became the 1960s counterculture zeitgeist. A few of their books, such as Eros and Civilization by Herbert Marcuse and The Authoritarian Personality by Theodor Adorno, have become classics in academia.
Many of their students graduated and became professors elsewhere, just in time for the 1960s. Young people are at the most impressionable time of their lives, so indoctrinating college students was a very effective strategy. It's little wonder that campuses became hotbeds of student activism! College draft deferments surely helped them reach more students sympathetic to their message.
Further, the ideological seeds of the Frankfurt School—along with the Communist Party USA—fell onto fertile ground. There were several groups that they—cultural Marxists and garden variety Communists—infiltrated and subverted, for instance:
- There was already a feminist movement, mostly moderate and mostly simply about equal rights (a goal which was nearly complete by then). Under leftist influence, second wave feminism began, which was anything but moderate and effectively about deconstructing society.
- There was already a beatnik counterculture. With a little encouragement, this became a much larger youth counterculture, the hippies. Having a significant toehold in academia put the Critical Theory folks in a very good position to influence the young Baby Boomers.
- There was already a civil rights movement, which the Communists had put a lot of effort into influencing. This included figures such as W.E.B. DuBois, Paul Robeson, Stanley Levison (MLK's top advisor), and Frank Marshall Davis (called "Pops" in Obama's autobiography).
- The gay movement was heavily influenced in the beginning by the Mattachine Society, founded by Harry Hay, of which most members were Communists.
Connecting the dots
Earlier I had assumed that the Frankfurt School was an independent movement, with no particular encouragement or guidance from the USSR. Actually, it's a little more complicated than that. Franz Leopold Neumann, identified by the Venona decrypts as a Soviet spy, was in contact with leading figures Max Horkheimer, Theodor Adorno, and also the spy Hede Massing, the wife of Paul Massing (another Frankfurt school figure). Later, he became a professor at Columbia University, where all his buddies were. Does the picture look a little clearer now?
Here's another gem I found. KGB defector Yuri Bezmenov noted that only 15% of the KGB's efforts were spying; the other 85% went into ideological subversion; this is what he was assigned to do in India, until he got disgusted with it and escaped. He explained,
It's a great brainwashing process, which goes very slow[ly] and is divided [into] four basic stages. The first one [is] demoralization; it takes from 15-20 years to demoralize a nation. Why that many years? Because this is the minimum number of years which [is required] to educate one generation of students in the country of your enemy, exposed to the ideology of the enemy. In other words, Marxist-Leninist ideology is being pumped into the soft heads of at least three generations of American students, without being challenged, or counter-balanced by the basic values of Americanism (American patriotism).
The result? The result you can see. Most of the people who graduated in the sixties (drop-outs or half-baked intellectuals) are now occupying the positions of power in the government, civil service, business, mass media, [and the] educational system. You are stuck with them. You cannot get rid of them. They are contaminated; they are programmed to think and react to certain stimuli in a certain pattern. You cannot change their mind[s], even if you expose them to authentic information, even if you prove that white is white and black is black, you still cannot change the basic perception and the logic of behavior. In other words, these people… the process of demoralization is complete and irreversible. To [rid] society of these people, you need another twenty or fifteen years to educate a new generation of patriotically-minded and common sense people, who would be acting in favor and in the interests of United States society.
Memetic warfare
Even though the Soviet Union fell apart twenty five years ago, the memes they launched are still out there. Many of the students the Frankfurt School taught became teachers and professors, who taught another batch of teachers and professors, and they're now indoctrinating our youth. Some others became ensconced in the media or in government positions. This is what Italian Communist theoretician Antonio Gramsci called "the long march through the institutions." Only a fraction identifies with Communism, but they still practice the party line even if few are aware of where their views originated.
If you've ever wondered where all of today's Social Justice Warriors came from, now you know the story.
Read More: How Cultural Marxists Distort Language To Achieve Their Goals


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We paid tribute to everyone's favourite time-travelling alien after half a century of extraordinary adventures.
BBC Worldwide images
"Hello, I'm the Doctor..."
BAFTA / Marc HobermanFor fifty years, the two-hearted Time Lord has been battling Daleks, thwarting Cybermen and taking audiences on a multitude of adventures through time and space. Through the ingenious method of regeneration - when the Doctor becomes too old or wounded, he transforms into a new physical form – various actors have been able to play the same role, allowing the show to remain as consistently popular today as when it first began.
To mark a half century or Doctor who, we put together fifty facts about Doctor Who and BAFTA. So sit back, relax, and read more facts than you can shake a sonic screwdriver at…
1. William Hartnell was the first actor to play Doctor Who. Throughout his career Hartnell appeared in many successful British films, including a small but crucial role as a pub owner in Carol Reed's Odd Man Out (1947), which won the first ever BAFTA for British Film.
2. Canadian film and television producer Sydney Newman and is considered one of the key creators of Doctor Who. Newman was Head of Drama at the BBC between 1962-1967, when key dramas such as Cathy Come Home (1966), The Forsyte Saga (1967) - and of course, Doctor Who - were produced. In 1968 BAFTA awarded Newman the Desmond Davis Award for his contribution to British television.
3. Verity Lambert was the original producer of the series, and was responsible for introducing the first Dalek storyline The Dalek (1963-1964), written by Terry Nation. Lambert went on to produce shows such as Rumpole of the Bailey (1978-1992) and Jonathan Creek (1997- ). She was nominated for six BAFTAs, winning twice. The photo below shows Lambert in 1970 being presented with the Drama Series Award for W. Somerset Maugham (1969-1970) from Earl Mountbatten of Burma, no less!
4. The first ever episode of Doctor Who, An Unearthly Child, was directed by Waris Hussein when he was just 24 years old. Hussein would work with producer Lambert again on W. Somerset Maugham and Edward & Mrs. Simpson (1978), the latter which he won a BAFTA for along with writer Andrew Brown in 1979. In 1994 he was BAFTA-nominated for an episode of Screen Two (1985-2002) called The Clothes in the Wardrobe.
5. The show's theme music was written by Australian composer Ron Grainer, and given its iconic electronic arrangement by Delia Derbyshire, who worked at the BBC's Radiophonic Workshop. Grainer would go on to be BAFTA-nominated in 1981 for his music on Flickers (1980), Shelley (1979-1983) and Tales of The Unexpected (1979-1988). Derbyshire's life was recently explored in Absolute Genius with Dick & Dom (2013), a series which has been nominated for a Children's BAFTA Award.
6. The iconic design of the Daleks was created by Raymond Cusick, who was a production designer on Doctor Who on over 40 episodes. He would go on to work on shows such as Z Cars (1962-1975) and The Duchess of Duke Street (1976-1977). In his career he was nominated for three BAFTAs for design.
BAFTA7. The first people to ever voice the Daleks were Peter Hawkins and David Graham. Other notable Dalek-voice actors include Roy Skelton and, more recently, Nicholas Briggs. Hawkins and Skelton would both go on to voice the slightly less threatening Zippy from Rainbow (1972-1992), a show which won a BAFTA in 1975. Graham currently voices Grandpa Pig in Peppa Pig (2004 - ), a show which has won four BAFTAs.
Here is a Dalek patrolling the stage at the BAFTA Television Awards in 2006!
8. Louis Marks wrote Planet of the Giants (1964), the first storyline of the second series. Marks continued writing and producing television for over forty years, and was BAFTA-nominated three times in his career for Silas Marner (1985), Middlemarch (1994) and Screen Two (1985-2002).
9. Patrick Troughton was the second actor to play Doctor Who. In 2013, 9 lost episodes of Doctor Who - all with Troughton - were discovered in a TV station in Nigeria. Did you know that one of Troughton's first ever screen appearances was in Laurence Olivier's Hamlet (1948)? It was the second film to win the BAFTA for Best Film.
10. Jon Pertwee was the third actor to play the Doctor, making his debut in the first ever episode broadcast in colour, Spearhead from Space (1970). He played the Doctor during the tenth anniversary episode The Three Doctors (1973), which also starred Hartnell and Troughton. Later in his career, Pertwee famously played the titular character in Worzel Gummidge (1979-1981) which was nominated for seven BAFTAs.
11. One of the Doctor's most famous companions is Sarah Jane Smith, who was played by Elisabeth Sladen and appeared for the first time alongside Pertwee in The Time Warrior (1973). She reprised her role in The Sarah Jane Adventures (2007-2011), which was nominated for 12 BAFTA Children's Awards.
This photo of Sladen was taken at the BAFTA Children's Awards in 2007.
12. The fourth Doctor was played by Tom Baker, who remains the longest running actor to play the part. He appeared in classic stories such as Genesis of the Daleks (1975) and the Douglas Adams-penned City of Death (1979). In recent years, his unmistakable voice was heard narrating Little Britain (2003-2006); the comedy series won 4 BAFTAs.
13. The series was BAFTA-nominated for the first time in 1977 while Tom Baker was the Doctor. Multi-Coloured Swap Shop (1976-1977) was announced as the Rediffusion Star Awards: Harlequin - Drama/Light winner. In 1978, it was nominated for a second time; this time All Star Record Breakers (1977) won the award.
14. Peter Davison played the fifth Doctor. One of his most famous episodes was the twentieth anniversary special The Five Doctors (1983), which saw Troughton and Pertwee return to the role. His early breakthrough as an actor came in the drama series Love for Lydia (1977), which was nominated for six BAFTAs. His daughter Georgia Moffett starred in The Doctor's Daughter (2008) opposite the tenth Doctor David Tennant (who she is now married to!).
15. The Daleks recently made BAFTA Social Media history, as our first ever Vine at the BAFTA Television Awards in 2013!
16. Colin Baker (no relation to Tom) was the sixth actor to play the Doctor. Prior to Doctor Who, Baker appeared in programmes such as The Brothers (1974-1976) and the BAFTA-winning The Citadel (1983). One of Baker's most famous stories was Revelation of the Daleks (1985). It was directed by Graeme Harper, who would return to direct more recent episodes of Doctor Who, and won a BAFTA Cymru award for the episode Doomsday (2006).
17.Sylvester McCoy replaced Colin Baker as the seventh Doctor, and was the last actor to play him in a full television series until Christopher Eccleston in 2005. Most recently, McCoy has been seen as Radagast in the BAFTA-nominated The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (2012).
18. Paul McGann played the Doctor in the 1996 television film Doctor Who. The actor first gained prominence playing Percy Toplis in The Monocled Mutineer (1986), a performance which saw him nominated for a BAFTA in 1987. He recently reprised his role as the Doctor in the mini-episode The Night of the Doctor (2013).
19. After 17 years off television screens - bar McGann's appearance – Doctor Who returned in 2005, with Christopher Eccleston becoming the ninth Doctor. Eccleston has had a long and successful stage and screen career, and has been nominated for two BAFTAs for his performances in Our Friends in the North (1996) The Second Coming (2003). More recently, he starred as John Lennon in Lennon Naked; listen to him discuss the role.
20. Russell T. Davies was the lead writer on Doctor Who from 2005-2009. Prior to this, he had worked on shows such as Children's Ward (1989-2000) and Queer as Folk (1999-2000). Davies also created the Doctor Who spin-off show Torchwood (2006- ). In his career he's been nominated for 11 BAFTAs, winning three times, including the Dennis Potter Award in 2006. Read our interview with Davies on BAFTA Guru and watch him answer our Big Questions below.
21. Phil Collinson and Julie Gardner were the producers for the series' return in 2005. Before working on Doctor Who, Gardner produced the BAFTA-nominated Othello (2001) and has recently worked on Da Vinci's Demons (2013). Collinson has gone onto produce Coronation Street (1960- ); watch him discuss the soap with BAFTA on its 50th anniversary.
22. Another crucial figure in Doctor Who's return was Jane Tranter, who was Controller of BBC Fiction when the series relaunched. She discussed her experience working on the show with BAFTA in 2008, which you can watch on BAFTA Guru. In 2009, Tranter was honoured with the Alan Clarke Award at the BAFTA Television Awards, which was presented to her by David Tennant. Speaking of which...
23. David Tennant was the tenth Doctor, and is the longest-running actor to play the part since the series' return in 2005. Having starred in the Davies-penned Casanova (2005), he was cast as the actor to succeed Eccleston. Tennant went on to play Hamlet and Richard II on stage, and recently starred in Broadchurch (2013 - ). Listen to him discuss his role as the DI Alec Hardy in our podcast.
BAFTA / Chris Jackson24. Billie Piper starred as the Doctor's companion Rose opposite Eccleston and David Tennant. The role was her major breakthrough as an actress, and she has since gone on to star in Secret Diary of a Call Girl (2007-2011) and will soon be seen in Penny Dreadful. Here she is with Tennant and Davies at the BAFTA Television Awards in 2006.
25. Noel Clarke played Mickey Smith, Rose's unfortunate boyfriend that she leaves behind as she goes time-travelling with the Doctor. The writer, director and producer was voted the public's Rising Star at the BAFTA Film Awards in 2009. Read his advice for those starting out on BAFTA Guru.
26. 2006 was a big year for Doctor Who, as it won its first BAFTA! It was awarded the Drama Series Award, with Russell T. Davies, Julie Gardner and Phil Collinson collecting the award.
27. Not content with winning its first BAFTA in 2006, Doctor Who also took home the Audience Award ahead of programmes such as The X Factor and Strictly Come Dancing, cementing its return as one of the most popular programmes on British television.
28. Murray Gold has written the music for Doctor Who since 2005. An established composer who has been nominated for six BAFTAs, he gave a BAFTA masterclass on his musical work in 2012 - watch it below.
29. One of the key people responsible for the look of the new era of Doctor Who is Production Designer Michael Pickwoad. Pickwoad has a longstanding history with Doctor Who, as his father William Mervyn had a lead role in The War Machines (1966) starring alongside William Hartnell. Read more about Pickwoad's experience working on the series in our interview on BAFTA Guru.
30. Christmas wouldn't be Christmas without a Doctor Who special, which made an annual return to our screens in 2005. In the 2007 special The Voyage of the Damned, Russell Tovey starred as Midshipman Alonso Frame aboard the space cruiser Titanic. He returned to the role in The End of Time: Part Two (2010). Watch him offer advice for actors starting out in his Big Questions interview.
BAFTA / Richard Kendal31. Also appearing in The Voyage of the Damned was pop star Kylie Minogue, one of the shows more surprising guest stars (other notable examples include John Cleese, Honor Blackman and Ken Dodd!). Here's Kylie at the BAFTA Film Awards in 2009.
32. Another important Christmas guest star was Catherine Tate in the Runaway Bride in 2006. It introduced her character Donna Noble (who appeared briefly at the end of Doomsday). Tate would return to play the Doctor's companion after Martha (Freeman Agyeman). Tate has been BAFTA-nominated seven times in her career.
BAFTA / Philip Tull33. Donna's lovable grandfather Wilfred was played by Bernard Cribbins. Most recognised for his performance in The Railway Children (1970) - as well as narrating The Wombles (1973-1975) - Cribbins was honoured with the Special Award at the BAFTA Children's Awards in 2009.
34. One final Christmas episode-related Doctor Who fact! In the 2008 special The Next Doctor, David Morrissey played Jackson Lake, mistakenly believing that he is The Doctor. Morrissey has been nominated for two BAFTAs, and currently stars as The Governor in The Walking Dead. Find out how he started his acting career in our recent BAFTA Guru interview.
35. One of the Doctor's most notorious enemies is the renegade Time Lord The Master, who was first played by Roger Delgado in 1971 opposite Jon Pertwee. More recently, BAFTA-winning actors Derek Jacobi and John Simm have played the part. Listen to Simm discuss his recent work on The Village podcast on BAFTA Guru.
36. In 2009, BAFTA held Inside the World of Doctor Who, a special event in front of 2,000 Who fans exploring the secrets behind the series featuring Cybermen, Oods and more! View photos from the event.
37. A final shout-out to the Daleks - not content with becoming our first ever Vine, they also couldn't stop themselves from photobombing all over the BAFTA Television Awards red carpet in 2013! See all the despicable evidence on our Television Tumblr.
38. Towards the end of their time working on Doctor Who, BAFTA welcomed Russell T. Davies and Julie Gardner to talk about their experience working on the show together. Speaking to Caitlin Moran, they discussed their remarkable journey bringing the show to a new generation.
39. One of the most popular episodes in recent years was Blink (2007), featuring terrifying killer statues. It starred Carey Mulligan, who would go on to win a BAFTA in 2010 for her performance in An Education (2009). Steven Moffat was awarded a BAFTA for writing the episode. Speaking of Moffat...
40. Steven Moffat replaced Russell T. Davies as the series' lead writer in 2009, a role he continues to hold today. He won his first BAFTA in 1991 for Press Gang (1989-1993), and has since won four more. Read our interview with Moffat on BAFTA Guru, and watch his Big Questions with his wife and Sherlock producer Sue Vertue.
41. Matt Smith became the eleventh Doctor in 2010, and - at 28 years old - the youngest. He is the first actor to have been BAFTA-nominated for playing The Doctor. Often seen sporting a bow tie and the occasional fez, he will be vacating the TARDIS at the end of 2013.
BAFTA/ Michael Kovak42. Amy Pond (Karen Gillan), was Matt Smith's first companion as the Doctor. She remained his biggest mystery to solve until her secrets were revealed in 2012 (no spoilers here!). Gillan recently attended BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Awards, and will next be seen in Guardian of the Galaxy (2014).
43. Jenna Coleman is the Doctor's latest companion, starring as the enigmatic Clara. At the BAFTA Television Awards in 2013, she reassured the Doctor that a BAFTA mask won't steal your face!
44. A fan favourite in recent years has been the Doctor's wife River Song, played by Alex Kingston. Kingston was nominated for a BAFTA in 1997 for her performance as Moll Flanders in The Fortunes and Misfortunes of Moll Flanders (1996).
45. In 2010, the BBC released Doctor Who: The Adventure Games, a series of free downloadable computer games which were designed by Charles Cecil (who'd previously worked on Broken Sword). Listen to Cecil describe the experience of transforming Doctor Who into a game.
46. Doctor Who provides a great opportunity for young actors to make a name for themselves. in 2007, Gugu Mbatha-Raw played Tish Jones in four episodes. She has since gone to star in Larry Crowne (2011) and Touch (2012). Watch her answer her Big Questions on BAFTA Guru.
BAFTA Cymru/ Huw John47. At the BAFTA Cymru Awards in 2013, former Doctor Who producer Julie Gardner received the TLWS Siân Phillips Award for her outstanding contribution to television. Russell T. Davies was at hand to present her with the award.
48. John Hurt was dramatically introduced as The Doctor earlier this year in The Name of the Doctor, with his secrets set to be revealed in the fiftieth anniversary episode the Day of the Doctor. Hurt has been awarded four BAFTAs and nominated eight times. Watch him receive his Outstanding Contribution to Cinema Award in 2012.
49. The identity of the twelfth Doctor Peter Capaldi was revealed on the 4 August 2013 in a one-off BBC programme Doctor Who Live: The Next Doctor. Prior to this, Capaldi's most famous role was as Malcolm Tucker in The Thick of It (2005 - ), which he won his second BAFTA for in 2010. He was awarded his first BAFTA with Ruth Kenley-Letts in 1994 for their short film Franz Kafka's It's A Wonderful Life (1993). See all of Calpaldi's BAFTA wins and nominations.
50. And finally...Who can forget this magical moment at the BAFTA Television Awards in 2012 when the Doctor and Sherlock Holmes (Matt Smith and Benedict Cumberbatch) took to the stage to present Steven Moffat with his Special Award?


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Reduced Passive Earth Pressure
The evolution of passive earth pressure σp corresponds to the maximal displacement of a structure pushed into the soil. Such a displacement might not, however, occur (e.g. in case of fixed sheeting structures) and the structure is loaded by the reduced passive earth pressure σps. The value of reduced passive earth pressure σps can range from the value of earth pressure at rest σr (in case of zero deformation) up to the value of passive earth pressure σp. The figure shows the dependence of values of earth pressure of a cohesionless soil (soil resistance) on the actual displacement d to maximal displacement dmax ratio (when activating passing earth pressure σp).
Dependence of earth pressure values on the ratio of actual structure deformation


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Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Treatment in Van Nuys, CA
Plaguing as many as 1 in every 2 women, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are infections of any part of the urinary system—kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra—though most infections affect the lower urinary tract (bladder and urethra). UTIs are often caused by bladder infection. While women are the most common victims of urinary tract infections, a UTI may also affect men as well as individuals of any age, with causes of UTIs differing based on gender and age. UTIs may spread to the kidneys if not treated and may lead to sepsis, which can be fatal.
To schedule a consultation with a healthcare provider in Van Nuys that specializes in UTI treatment, call (424) 365-1800 or contact Vitality Integrative Medicine online.
Urinary Tract Infection Causes
While some illnesses have a single known source, other infections may point blame to a number of causes; urinary tract infections are of the latter camp and may be caused by a number of factors depending on gender and age.
E. coli, a type of bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, is the cause of a majority of UTIs. In women in particular, whose anatomy includes a shorter urethra than men, bacteria has a shorter distance to travel from the anus to the bladder and may spread by way of the urethra. When bacteria infects the urethra and spreads to the bladder, it may eventually spread to the kidneys, which poses an increased threat of sepsis.
UTIs are also associated with sexual activity, with bacteria running rampant once introduced into the urinary tract. Sexually active persons who regularly introduce new partners are particularly at risk, with sexually transmitted infections—such as herpes, gonorrhea, chlamydia and mycoplasma—often causing UTIs to occur. Other risk factors for UTI development include:
- Certain kinds of birth control: Women who use diaphragms or spermicidal agents are typically at a higher risk.
- Menopause: Changes in the urinary tract resulting from a decline in circulating estrogen make menopausal women vulnerable to infection.
- Urinary tract abnormalities: Babies born with abnormalities of the urinary tract, which don't allow urine to leave the body normally, are at a higher risk for developing UTIs.
- Blockages in the urinary tract, such as those caused by kidney stones or an enlarged prostate, can trap urine in the bladder, increasing the risk of UTIs.
- Catheter use: Those who require the use of a catheter (a tube which facilitates urination) in order to urinate, such as those who have been hospitalized or are paralyzed and have lost the ability to urinate on their own, have an increased risk of UTIs.
- Recent urinary procedures: Surgery to the urinary tract which involves medical instruments can increase risk of infecting the urinary tract.
Urinary Tract Infection Symptoms
Signs of urinary tract infection could vary by patient and gender. The most common of urinary tract infection symptoms include:
Problems urinating, including:
- Painful urination (dysuria); specifically, a burning sensation while urinating
- Increased urinary frequency and urgency (may include frequently passing small amounts of urine)
- Changes in urine coloration (may appear cloudy or red, bright pink or cola-colored) and smell (may be a stronger smell to your urine)
- Pain/pressure in lower back and lower abdomen
- Pelvic pain (in women especially, frequently in the center of the pelvis and around the area of the pubic bone)
- Tiredness
- Fever or chills (indicating the infection has reached your kidneys)
Depending on which part of the urinary tract is infected, however, more specific symptoms may vary:
Part of Urinary Tract Infected | Signs & Symptoms |
Kidney |
Upper back and side pain |
Bladder |
Pelvic pain/pressure |
Urethra |
Burning while urinating |
Urinary Tract Infection Treatment
To ensure proper treatment, it is important to consult a healthcare provider if you suspect you suffer from a UTI. Your healthcare provider will likely conduct a uranalysis in order to inspect white blood cells, red blood cells or bacteria. Your urinalysis may be followed by a urine culture to identify what is causing your infection as well as to determine which medications will be most effective.
Urinary tract infection treatment will usually consist of prescribed antibiotics. Your healthcare provider might also prescribe a pain medication to numb your bladder and urethra so that symptoms of your UTI (such as burning urination) are reduced while the antibiotic runs its course. D-mannose and herbs like uva ursi (bearberry leaf) and goldenseal may also provide relief if you are looking for more natural UTI treatment. Taking probiotics during your course of antibiotics will likely be recommended by your healthcare provider in order to promote healthy gut flora and overall balanced health.
Chronic UTIs
Some patients may suffer frequent UTIs, in which case your healthcare provider may recommend more prolonged treatments, such as:
- Extended use of low-dose antibiotics, usually lasting 6 months (but perhaps longer)
- Vaginal estrogen therapy, if you're postmenopausal
- Intravenous antibiotics to be prescribed in a hospital setting, if you suffer severe UTIs
Preventing UTIs
In order to prevent UTIs from developing, the following steps are recommended:
- Drink plenty of liquids, especially water, which helps dilute your urine and increases urinary frequency to allow bacteria to flush from your urinary tract before infection starts
- For women, wipe from front to back to ensure that bacteria doesn't spread from the anus to the vagina
- Empty your bladder promptly after intercourse--drinking a full glass of water can help flush bacteria
- Change your birth control method
- Make healthy lifestyle changes including limiting sugary foods and beverages, especially coffee, tea, soda and alcohol
- Take cranberry extract or D-mannose supplements to prevent bacteria from sticking to the urinary tract
If you suffer from UTIs, whether spontaneously or frequent, it is important to receive proper treatment to restore urinary health. To schedule a consultation with a healthcare provider in Van Nuys that specializes in UTI treatment, call (424) 365-1800 or contact Vitality Integrative Medicine online.
Vitality Integrative Medicine
4849 Van Nuys BlvdSuite 104
Sherman Oaks, CA 91403
(424) 365-1800
8:00 am - 6:00 pm
8:00 am - 6:00 pm
8:00 am - 6:00 pm
8:00 am - 6:00 pm
8:00 am - 6:00 pm
8:00 am - 12:00 pm


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Micro-Prem 'extras' pack suitable for the eager baby girl born before 28 weeks. These milestone cards include those 'small but mighty' leaps unique to micro-prems in those fragile first few weeks. Also suitable for sick babies who spend time in NICU. Add these to our original 'Premature Baby Milestone Cards' to complete your set.
The perfect way to capture, celebrate and remember every precious moment and unique milestone your little girl reaches during her journey from hospital to home.
Each card has space on the back to document the details of each milestone.
- Pack of 8 'extra' milestone cards suitable for micro-prems
- Size 15x15cm
- Printed on 300gsm uncoated card (to minimise glare from photographs)
- Option of Express Post (delivery within 1-2 business days) to ensure you don't miss those early moments
Pack of 8 includes:
1 x I'm bubble wrap free
1 x I came off the ventilator today
1 x Today I tried caffeine for the first time
1 x I came off HFV today
1 x I beat my first infection
1 x I got my umbilical lines out today
1 x I had my IV line removed today
1 x My hearts all closed up


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Whether you want it dipped, seasoned, rolled or simply as is, there's no doubt that soft pretzels are a delicious treat that everybody loves! This month, you have all the right reasons to enjoy this tasty snack with the whole family. Why? Because it's National Soft Pretzel Month!
Pretzels were invented a very long time ago. Dating back to 610 AD, pretzels were given to children by an Italian monk as a reward for learning their prayers. It was only in the 1800s that soft pretzels with various shapes were introduced by Swiss and Southern German immigrants to the US.
Because we have the whole month to celebrate, here are some delicious recipes you can try to celebrate National Soft Pretzel Month.
Buttery Soft Pretzels
While there's nothing wrong with store-bought pretzels, there's really something about homemade recipes. By creating your own, you have a free hand to make your soft pretzels taste however you want. This Buttery Soft Pretzels are the sweeter variety. They are perfect when coated with sugar and cinnamon or even when served plain.
- 1 tsp white sugar
- 2 tsps active dry yeast
- 5 cups all purpose flour
- 1 1/4 cups warm water
- 1 1/2 tsps salt
- 1/2 cup white sugar
- 1/2 cup baking soda
- 1 tbsp vegetable oil
- 1/4 cup kosher salt
- 4 cups hot water
- In a bowl, dissolve 1 teaspoon of sugar and yeast in 1 1/4 cup of water. Let it sit for about 10 minutes or until creamy. In a separate bowl, mix the sugar, salt and flour together.
- Create a well in the center of the mixture, then add the yeast and oil mixture. Mix it well and form into a dough. Add two or more tablespoons of water if the mixture is dry.
- Knead the dough for 7 to 8 minutes or until smooth.
- Drizzle a large bowl with a small amount of oil and coat the dough with oil. Let it rise in a warm place while covered with a plastic wrap for about an hour.
- Grease two baking sheets while preheating the oven to 450 degrees F.
- In another large bowl, mix the baking soda with 4 cups hot water. Set it aside and allow it to rise.
- When risen, take out the dough on a surface sprinkled with flour. Divide the dough into 12 pieces.
- Roll the pieces and twist them into a pretzel shape.
- Once done, dip each piece in the water and baking soda solution.
- Place the pretzels on the baking sheets and sprinkle with kosher salt.
- Bake for 8 minutes or until brown.
Serve when ready.
Soft Pretzels with Garlic Parmesan
Making soft pretzels with a garlic Parmesan topping is similar to the recipe above. The only difference is that in this recipe, you'll be adding new flavor to your traditional buttery soft pretzel. Follow the same steps using the same ingredients but before putting your pretzels in the oven, sprinkle them with garlic and a little parmesan.
Bake them until they're golden and puffed. You can also brush melted butter over the top of your soft pretzels and sprinkle with more Parmesan.
Soft Pretzels with Cinnamon Sugar Topping
If you're not a fan of Garlic Parmesan and prefer a sweeter variety of soft pretzels, you can go with cinnamon sugar toppings.
Instead of sprinkling garlic and Parmesan over your pretzels before baking, put the dough straight into the oven without any toppings. When they are golden, remove them from the oven and brush with melted butter. Generously cover each with a cinnamon and sugar mixture.
Serve while warm.
Soft pretzels are indeed one of the best snacks we're blessed to enjoy to this day. So, what are you waiting for? Create your own homemade soft pretzels with these easy recipes, or grab some at your favorite shops for the whole family to enjoy!


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Author; Gordon White
A defining text of the new magical renaissance, Star.Ships addresses the question of who we are now by tracing where we come from, and by drawing out the stories and the spirits that have journeyed and evolved with us. The goal is, as Gordon writes, the restoration of context.
To this end, White applies his globally-recognised data and demographics skills to realise a groundbreaking work of truly interdisciplinary research. Utilising mythological, linguistic and astronomical data to reconstruct palaeolithic magical beliefs, he maps them to the human journey out of Africa; explores which aspects of these beliefs and practices have survived into the Western tradition; and what the implications (and applications) of those survivals may be for us.
Written for a magically literate and operative audience, Star.Ships displays the flair, wit and engagement with evidence that adherents of Rune Soup have come to expect from Gordon. He deftly handles vast time scales and cosmologies to build his case; avoids the pitfalls of alternative historians with a refreshing absence of dogma or wishful thinking; and, in a masterful deployment of the latest research, simultaneously questions outworn dominant narratives and is not afraid to champion the work of independent researchers and entertain forbidden discourses. It is exactly what chaos magic should be.
Göbekli Tepe, the Pyramids and Sphinx, Nabta Playa, Gunung Padang, Easter Island and Sundaland are some of the points spangled across a work of truly cosmic scope. Star.Ships beckons those who are willing to engage in the adventure to follow the great river of history that flows into and out of an ocean of stars.


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Film Favorites Solos and Band Arrangements Tuba
Manufacturer Part #:
As a follow up to the popular Movie Favorites, this eagerly awaited collection features the hottest movie themes arranged for full band or individual soloists (with optional accompaniment CD). In the student books, each song includes a page for the full band arrangement as well as a separate page for solo use. Includes: Pirates of the Caribbean, Mission: Impossible Theme, My Heart Will Go On, Zorro's Theme, Music from Shrek, May It Be, You'll Be in My Heart, The Rainbow Connection, Also Sprach Zarathustra and Accidentally in Love.
John Moss, Michael Sweeney, Paul Lavender Various
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1060 Dahlonega Hwy
Cumming, GA 30040
South Forsyth/Suwanee/John's Creek
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2627 Peachtree Parkway Ste 420
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Welcome to the Nanomaterial-Biological Interactions Knowledgebase!The NBI Knowledgebase is intended to offer industry, academia, the general public, and regulatory agencies a mechanism to rationally inquire for unbiased interpretation of nanomaterial exposure effects in biological systems. The knowledgebase serves as a repository for annotated data on nanomaterial characterization (purity, size, shape, charge, composition, functionalization, agglomeration state), synthesis methods, and nanomaterial-biological interactions (beneficial, benign or deleterious) defined at multiple levels of biological organization (molecular, cellular, organismal). Computational and data mining tools are currently being developed and incorporated into the NBI to provide a logical framework to conduct species, route, dose, and scenario extrapolations and identify key data required to predict the biological interactions of nanomaterials. More Information
We welcome you to explore the site and gain the benefits of our data consolidation
and analysis efforts. Feedback on the attributes of the knowledgebase is always welcome.
Please contact us with any feedback, questions, comments or concerns.


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Burrito with Boldo
Yerba Mate (Ilex Paraguariensis) is a subtropical plant originating in South America. It has been historically consumed by traditional indigenous populations, and terere is the infusion of ground Yerba Mate into cold water. Thanks to the rising popularity of the beverage and an increase in its consumption, new ways of consuming it have been created and adapted, including new yerba mate recipes, adding flavoring essences and other natural plants to the original plant.


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October 8, 2002
Dear Mr. Attorney General:
On October 7, 2002, by virtue of the authority vested in me by section 206 of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947 (61 Stat. 155; 29 U.S.C. 176) (the "Act"), I issued Executive Order 13275. That Order created a Board of Inquiry to report on certain labor disputes affecting the maritime industry of the United States.
Today, I received the Board's written report in the matter. A copy of the report is attached. In my opinion, this unresolved labor dispute has resulted in a lock-out affecting a substantial part of the maritime industry of the United States, an industry that is engaged in trade, commerce, transportation (including the transportation of military supplies), transmission, and communication among the several States and with foreign nations. This lock-out, if permitted to continue, will imperil the national health and safety.
Therefore, in order to eliminate this peril and to secure the resumption of trade, commerce, transportation, transmission, and communication among the several States and with foreign nations, I direct you, pursuant to the provisions of section 208 of the Act, to petition in the name of the United States in any District Court of the United States having jurisdiction of the parties to enjoin the lock-out (or its continuance) and for such other relief as may in your judgment be appropriate.


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Proudly Serving East Bridgewater Massachusetts Since 1997
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As a locally owned and operated company that serves East Bridgewater Massachusetts, Amerigutter is owned by Brad Perry who has been providing outstanding customer service and workmanship since 1997. At Amergutter you never speak to the sales representatives when you call Amerigutter, you speak directly to the owner. Since we are local, we want every customer to get to experience the strong ethical character this company is built on. Amerigutter installs Gutters, Gutter Guards, and offer the #1 rated gutter guard system.
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We specialize in Commercial and Residential Gutter Installation in East Bridgewater Massachusetts.


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School naming
a school by any other name
by Cris Crissman, PhD
Reprinted with permission from The Tar Heel Junior Historian, Fall 2003
Tar Heel Junior Historian Association, NC Museum of History
On my playground, Daniel Boone once chased and probably "kilt a bar." At least that's the story I heard when I went to school at Boone Trail High School (now grades pre-K– 12) in Harnett County.
Daniel Boone may not have been much of a speller, and he may have never traveled near Mamers, North Carolina, but he has always been one of my favorite larger-than-life heroes because of that early connection or link.
A name can become a living link for us to someone or something from our time or another time. Many schools are named for a person, place, or idea. If it's a person, then that person could be famous in the community (Fred A. Anderson Elementary in Pamlico County), the state (Jay M. Robinson Middle School in Mecklenburg County), or even the country and world (Booker T. Washington Elementary in Bladen County).
If it's a place, then a school could be named for a body of water (Tuckaseegee Elementary in Mecklenburg County), a beach (Wrightsville Beach Elementary in New Hanover County), a mountain (Beech Mountain Elementary in Avery County), or even a man-made wonder (Hiwassee Dam Elementary/Middle in Cherokee County).
Bryant Gibson from Mrs. Rose Throckmorton's fourth-grade class at Rural Hall Elementary researched his school and town name and found that the name came about for a distinctive reason. The local postmaster in this once-rural part of Forsyth County had a hall in his home so big that the local residents could drive their horses and wagons through it to pick up their mail. Hence, "Rural Hall" became the name of the community and school.
Or a school's name could be directional and relative to its location in the county. There are four Northwest Elementary Schools in North Carolina and several other county-specific "northwests," such as Northwest Cabarrus Middle School in Cabarrus County.
Finally, schools could be named for a lofty idea or ideal, such as First Flight Elementary in Dare County, Freedom High in Burke County, or Independence High in Mecklenburg County.
"What's in a name?" Shakespeare asked. "That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet." Schools are important civic or community symbols. Every school system has a policy for naming schools. Wake County names them for locations. Chapel Hill–Carrboro City Schools may name one for "special features of the site, its location, or in honor or memory of people" (Chapel Hill–Carrboro City Schools Newsletter, September 16, 2002). This school system encourages a lot of community participation in the naming of its schools, and sometimes as many as 150 names are suggested.
Mel and Zora Rashkis Elementary School in the Chapel Hill–Carrboro City Schools system opened its doors for the 2003–2004 year. Zora Rashkis had taught for years in the system and hosted a long-running cablevision show, Meet the Teacher, which showcased area teachers and other staff, students, programs, and issues in the school system. Both Mel and Zora Rashkis are known as leaders in volunteer organizations in their communities. It is not unusual to see the couple visiting their namesake school to volunteer or just to see how things are going (Rashkis Elementary Web Site, School History Section).
What is in the name of a school? A lot of pride and respect for a special place in the community. But, ultimately, what counts the most is not the name emblazoned above the school's door or on the sign on the front lawn but the quality of the education within those walls.
1 January 2005 | Crissman, Cris


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RIO DE JANEIRO (AP) -- Even if only for two weeks, can "Faster-Higher-Stronger" overpower deadlier, scarier and bloodier? Can the Olympic Games still offer the world momentary levity, distract from terror, shootings, poverty and other worries in globally grim times? If not, what use is the multibillion-dollar celebration of youthful endeavor and mostly niche sports?
Through no fault of their own, the athletes who will march in massed, joyful ranks behind their nations' flags in Friday night's opening ceremony for the first Olympic Games in South America shoulder expectations beyond their own ambitions for gold, silver, bronze and personal bests.
No Olympics in recent memory has opened under so many dark clouds, both within recession-battered Brazil and beyond. Headliners Usain Bolt and Michael Phelps are back for more medals. But no feat of theirs, or the other 10,500 Olympians, between the first medal awards on Saturday and the Aug. 21 closing ceremony will paste over recent horrors of 84 people murdered with a truck in Nice or the shooting massacre of 49 people in a Florida nightclub. Sports are, and always will be, trivial compared to such atrocities that have come depressingly thick and fast of late.
"The Olympics may help me take my mind off things," said Parisian lawyer Remy Durand, reflecting over lunch Thursday on the Champs-Elysees. "But it's not going to change my overall mood lastingly, after the attacks in recent weeks and months in France."
Yet Olympic organizers can't be faulted for trying, with their "Together we can change the world" slogan and OlympicPeace hashtag. Cold War boycotts aside, the games remain a symbol of global togetherness, even if an increasingly commercialized one. By putting religion and politics aside, the Olympics still can remind the world's people of their shared humanity, not their divisions.
Picture Berlin in 1936, when white German long jumper Luz Long bonded with black American Jesse Owens when Adolf Hitler wanted to peddle racial supremacy. Or Sydney in 2000, when athletes from North and South Korea walked together behind one flag in the opening ceremony, momentarily putting aside more than half a century of enmity. Or Barcelona in 1992, when white South African Elana Meyer ran over to plant a kiss on Ethiopia's Derartu Tulu. Meyer had won silver to Tulu's gold in the 10,000 meters to become her country's first post-apartheid individual medalist.
On Friday, at the opening gala of these Olympics at Rio's Maracana Stadium, 10 refugee athletes will march as one team behind the white Olympic flag -- a reminder to the world that they aren't solely defined by their lack of a place to call home. While not as grand as opening ceremonies past, Rio still expects to wow.
"The Athens ceremony was classic, and Beijing was grand, was musical. London was quite smart. We're going to be cool," said creative director Fernando Meirelles.
Still, the games have their naysayers. Doping scandals -- from sprinter Ben Johnson losing his 1988 Olympic gold medal over steroids to Russia's recent state-organized subversion of anti-doping efforts -- have stained all Olympians and heightened cynicism of their feats and worth.
On behalf of all of this summer's competitors, a Brazilian athlete will pledge at the opening ceremony that they will compete "without doping and without drugs, in the true spirit of sportsmanship." The same promise has been made at all games since 2000 but may ring false among fans, especially with Russia's flag fluttering among the others; the International Olympic Committee rejected calls for a blanket ban on all Russian athletes. The IOC, as it has in the past, will store some 4,500 drug-test samples to be taken during these games, so they can be thawed out and retested in years to come.
Then there's the expense of the games. Big spending and the waste of unused venues in ex-host cities have forced Olympic organizers onto the defensive and left them with a shrinking pool of taxpayers willing to foot the bills. The $10 billion to $12 billion spent on Rio's games should have gone to better causes in a city rife with poverty, critics say.
After Rio, the Olympics rumble to Tokyo in 2020, leaving Rio de Janeiro's 6.5 million people -- the racially mixed, socially divided "Cariocas" -- with the same concerns the world was largely oblivious to before the Olympic echo chamber turned the Zika virus and favelas into household words.
Few outside Brazil cared about untreated sewage and teeming viruses in Rio's picture-postcard Guanabara Bay before its polluted waters were chosen for Olympic swimming and sailing. Rio's alarming murder rate and turf wars between drug lords and police weren't so high on the globe's agenda before athletes and hundreds of thousands of Olympic visitors discovered that the prospect of being in harm's way has long been the darker flipside of Brazilian Samba, carnival and caipirinha cocktails.
Despite the problems, Olympic ideals aren't dead. Pope Francis told pilgrims on Wednesday at his weekly audience at the Vatican that in a world "thirsty for peace, tolerance and reconciliation," he hopes the games can inspire everyone to pursue a prize that is "not a medal but something more precious -- achieving a civilization in which solidarity reigns, founded on the recognition that we are all members of one human family."
The U.S. women's basketball coach, Geno Auriemma, called the Olympics "a two-week haven where people can get away from it all."
"Every time you get here, get settled in, nothing seems to matter to any country other than the competition -- as it should be," said Auriemma, now at his third games. "These two weeks, the joy and spirit of competition seems to win out."
And even on the streets of Rio, some Brazilians are beginning to embrace the moment and all that it means.
"Finally people are beginning to feel the Olympic spirit," said Ilene Pessoa, a college administrator who lives in Rio's Copacabana neighborhood. "The eyes of the world are on us."


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Serving Flagler Beach
Contact NowAs our name implies, our company services all parts of Volusia and Flagler counties!
Any day of the week, you can find some of our technicians driving down A1A through Flagler Beach to service one of your neighbors. Over the years, we've built relationships with customers all over town, whether through our same-day repair service, our maintenance and air quality appointments, or our free estimates and consultations for system upgrades and major home projects.
We're in your area! Don't hesitate to give us a call. We'd love to meet you!


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In celebration of the Inauguration of the 45th President of the United States, and in honor of America's Heroes, we are hosting an exclusive formal ball, at one of the finest venues in our nation's capital – the Hyatt Regency, Capitol Hill.
The 6th quadrennial All American Inaugural Ball is a premier inaugural celebration, bringing together thought-leaders, elected officials, celebrities and, of course, some truly amazing American Heroes.
America's greatness is personified by those selfless citizens who take up causes greater than themselves and dedicate their lives to pursuing such righteous endeavors. America is rife with these amazing patriots; and we are inspired by each of their stories.
The All American Inaugural Ball is a tribute to the myriad of American heroes who sacrifice on behalf of others every day. At the Ball, we will recognize and honor several especially deserving citizens for their outstanding and tireless work in their respective fields of civic service. These Honored Guests – "All American Heroes" – represent the very best of America. They are the heart, soul and backbone of the sublime American spirit!
Let's CELEBRATE!! The All American Ball has is a large, reception-style gala with superb food and drinks and amazing entertainment through the many party areas.
We would like to thank all of the heroes, guests, dignitaries, staff and supporters who helped make the All Amercan Inaugural Ball 2013 such an amazingly exciting and special occasion. Click to see pictures of past All American Inaugural Balls .
* Event details subject to change without notice
We are over the moon! American hero and icon, Buzz Aldrin, will be presented with the All American Hero Lifetime Achievement Award, at AAB `17. He will also be celebrating his 87th birthday with us.
The first wave of Heroes has been announced. These selfless individuals, who represent the best of America, will be receiving their awards at the AAB `17.
HURRY! Tickets to the All American Inaugural Ball are selling at record pace. They will not last long….
The All American Ball is proud to announce an amazing lineup of entertainers, honored guests and attractions. And more are TBA soon! This is shaping up to be the most exciting entertainment package in town!
The All American Ball is a celebration for all Americans, from every state and commonwealth, but now, it is also the Official Inaugural Ball of the Republican Party of Virginia. The AAB Planning Committee is excited to work with the VRP in presenting a spectacular, star-studded event, to be remembered for a lifetime!


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Treaties | ||
Derechos | Equipo Nizkor
Hague Convention (XIII) on Neutral Powers in Naval War, 1907
Convention (XIII) concerning the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers in Naval War. The Hague, 18 October 1907.
(List of Contracting Parties)
With a view to harmonizing the divergent views which, in the event of naval war, are still held on the relations between neutral Powers and belligerent Powers, and to anticipating the difficulties to which such divergence of views might give rise;
Seeing that, even if it is not possible at present to concert measures applicable to all circumstances which may in practice occur, it is nevertheless undeniably advantageous to frame, as far as possible, rules of general application to meet the case where war has unfortunately broken out;
Seeing that, in cases not covered by the present Convention, it is expedient to take into consideration the general principles of the law of nations;
Seeing that it is desirable that the Powers should issue detailed enactments to regulate the results of the attitude of neutrality when adopted by them;
Seeing that it is, for neutral Powers, an admitted duty to apply these rules impartially to several belligerents;
Seeing that, in this category of ideas, these rules should not, in principle, be altered in the course of the war, by a neutral Power, except in a case where experience has shown the necessity for such change for the protection of the rights of that Power;
Have agreed to observe the following common rules, which cannot however modify provisions laid down in existing general treaties, and have appointed as their Plenipotentiaries, namely:
(Here follow the names of Plenipotentiaries)
Who, after having deposited their full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon the following provisions:
Article 1. Belligerents are bound to respect the sovereign rights of neutral Powers and to abstain, in neutral territory or neutral waters, from any act which would, if knowingly permitted by any Power, constitute a violation of neutrality.
Art. 2. Any act of hostility, including capture and the exercise of the right of search, committed by belligerent war-ships in the territorial waters of a neutral Power, constitutes a violation of neutrality and is strictly forbidden.
Art. 3. When a ship has been captured in the territorial waters of a neutral Power, this Power must employ, if the prize is still within its jurisdiction, the means at its disposal to release the prize with its officers and crew, and to intern the prize crew.
If the prize is not in the jurisdiction of the neutral Power, the captor Government, on the demand of that Power, must liberate the prize with its officers and crew.
Art. 4. A prize court cannot be set up by a belligerent on neutral territory or on a vessel in neutral waters.
Art. 5. Belligerents are forbidden to use neutral ports and waters as a base of naval operations against their adversaries, and in particular to erect wireless telegraphy stations or any apparatus for the purpose of communicating with the belligerent forces on land or sea.
Art. 6. The supply, in any manner, directly or indirectly, by a neutral Power to a belligerent Power, of war-ships, ammunition, or war material of any kind whatever, is forbidden.
Art. 7. A neutral Power is not bound to prevent the export or transit, for the use of either belligerent, of arms, ammunition, or, in general, of anything which could be of use to an army or fleet.
Art. 8. A neutral Government is bound to employ the means at its disposal to prevent the fitting out or arming of any vessel within its jurisdiction which it has reason to believe is intended to cruise, or engage in hostile operations, against a Power with which that Government is at peace. It is also bound to display the same vigilance to prevent the departure from its jurisdiction of any vessel intended to cruise, or engage in hostile operations, which had been adapted entirely or partly within the said jurisdiction for use in war.
Art. 9. A neutral Power must apply impartially to the two belligerents the conditions, restrictions, or prohibitions made by it in regard to the admission into its ports, roadsteads, or territorial waters, of belligerent war-ships or of their prizes.
Nevertheless, a neutral Power may forbid a belligerent vessel which has failed to conform to the orders and regulations made by it, or which has violated neutrality, to enter its ports or roadsteads.
Art. 10. The neutrality of a Power is not affected by the mere passage through its territorial waters of war-ships or prizes belonging to belligerents.
Art. 11. A neutral Power may allow belligerent war-ships to employ its licensed pilots.
Art. 12. In the absence of special provisions to the contrary in the legislation of a neutral Power, belligerent war-ships are not permitted to remain in the ports, roadsteads, or territorial waters of the said Power for more than twenty-four hours, except in the cases covered by the present Convention.
Art. 13. If a Power which has been informed of the outbreak of hostilities learns that a belligerent war-ship is in one of its ports or roadsteads, or in its territorial waters, it must notify the said ship to depart within twenty-four hours or within the time prescribed by local regulations.
Art. 14. A belligerent war-ship may not prolong its stay in a neutral port beyond the permissible time except on account of damage or stress of weather. It must depart as soon as the cause of the delay is at an end.
The regulations as to the question of the length of time which these vessels may remain in neutral ports, roadsteads, or waters, do not apply to war-ships devoted exclusively to religious, scientific, or philanthropic purposes.
Art. 15. In the absence of special provisions to the contrary in the legislation of a neutral Power, the maximum number of warships belonging to a belligerent which may be in one of the ports or roadsteads of that Power simultaneously shall be three.
Art. 16. When war-ships belonging to both belligerents are present simultaneously in a neutral port or roadstead, a period of not less than twenty-four hours must elapse between the departure of the ship belonging to one belligerent and the departure of the ship belonging to the other.
The order of departure is determined by the order of arrival, unless the ship which arrived first is so circumstanced that an extension of its stay is permissible.
A belligerent war-ship may not leave a neutral port or roadstead until twenty-four hours after the departure of a merchant ship flying the flag of its adversary.
Art. 17. In neutral ports and roadsteads belligerent war-ships may only carry out such repairs as are absolutely necessary to render them seaworthy, and may not add in any manner whatsoever to their fighting force. The local authorities of the neutral Power shall decide what repairs are necessary, and these must be carried out with the least possible delay.
Art. 18. Belligerent war-ships may not make use of neutral ports, roadsteads, or territorial waters for replenishing or increasing their supplies of war material or their armament, or for completing their crews.
Art. 19. Belligerent war-ships may only revictual in neutral ports or roadsteads to bring up their supplies to the peace standard.
Similarly these vessels may only ship sufficient fuel to enable them to reach the nearest port in their own country. They may, on the other hand, fill up their bunkers built to carry fuel, when in neutral countries which have adopted this method of determining the amount of fuel to be supplied.
If, in accordance with the law of the neutral Power, the ships are not supplied with coal within twenty-four hours of their arrival, the permissible duration of their stay is extended by twenty-four hours.
Art. 20. Belligerent war-ships which have shipped fuel in a port belonging to a neutral Power may not within the succeeding three months replenish their supply in a port of the same Power.
Art. 21. A prize may only be brought into a neutral port on account of unseaworthiness, stress of weather, or want of fuel or provisions.
It must leave as soon as the circumstances which justified its entry are at an end. If it does not, the neutral Power must order it to leave at once; should it fail to obey, the neutral Power must employ the means at its disposal to release it with its officers and crew and to intern the prize crew.
Art. 22. A neutral Power must, similarly, release a prize brought into one of its ports under circumstances other than those referred to in Article 21.
Art. 23. A neutral Power may allow prizes to enter its ports and roadsteads, whether under convoy or not, when they are brought there to be sequestrated pending the decision of a Prize Court. It may have the prize taken to another of its ports.
If the prize is convoyed by a war-ship, the prize crew may go on board the convoying ship.
If the prize is not under convoy, the prize crew are left at liberty.
Art. 24. If, notwithstanding the notification of the neutral Power, a belligerent ship of war does not leave a port where it is not entitled to remain, the neutral Power is entitled to take such measures as it considers necessary to render the ship incapable of taking the sea during the war, and the commanding officer of the ship must facilitate the execution of such measures.
When a belligerent ship is detained by a neutral Power, the officers and crew are likewise detained.
The officers and crew thus detained may be left in the ship or kept either on another vessel or on land, and may be subjected to the measures of restriction which it may appear necessary to impose upon them. A sufficient number of men for looking after the vessel must, however, be always left on board.
The officers may be left at liberty on giving their word not to quit the neutral territory without permission.
Art. 25. A neutral Power is bound to exercise such surveillance as the means at its disposal allow to prevent any violation of the provisions of the above Articles occurring in its ports or roadsteads or in its waters.
Art. 26. The exercise by a neutral Power of the rights laid down in the present Convention can under no circumstances be considered as an unfriendly act by one or other belligerent who has accepted the articles relating thereto.
Art. 27. The Contracting Powers shall communicate to each other in due course all laws, proclamations, and other enactments regulating in their respective countries the status of belligerent war-ships in their ports and waters, by means of a communication addressed to the Government of the Netherlands, and forwarded immediately by that Government to the other Contracting Powers.
Art. 28. The provisions of the present Convention do not apply except between Contracting Powers, and then only if all the belligerents are parties to the Convention.
Art. 29. The present Convention shall be ratified as soon as possible.
The ratifications shall be deposited at The Hague.
The first deposit of ratifications shall be recorded in a 'procès-verbal' signed by the representatives of the Powers which take part therein and by the Netherlands Minister for Foreign Affairs.
The subsequent deposits of ratifications shall be made by means of a written notification addressed to the Netherlands Government and accompanied by the instrument of ratification.
A duly certified copy of the 'procès-verbal' relative to the first deposit of ratifications, of the ratifications mentioned in the preceding paragraph, as well as of the instruments of ratification, shall be at once sent by the Netherlands Government, through the diplomatic channel, to the Powers invited to the Second Peace Conference, as well as to the other Powers which have adhered to the Convention. In the cases contemplated in the preceding paragraph, the said Government shall inform them at the same time of the date on which it received the notification.
Art. 30. Non-Signatory Powers may adhere to the present Convention.
The Power which desires to adhere notifies in writing its intention to the Netherlands Government, forwarding to it the act of adhesion, which shall be deposited in the archives of the said Government.
That Government shall at once transmit to all the other Powers a duly certified copy of the notification as well as of the act of adhesion, mentioning the date on which it received the notification.
Art. 31. The present Convention shall come into force in the case of the Powers which were a party to the first deposit of the ratifications, sixty days after the date of the 'procès-verbal' of that deposit, and, in the case of the Powers who ratify subsequently or who adhere, sixty days after the notification of their ratification or of their decision has been received by the Netherlands Government.
Art. 32. In the event of one of the Contracting Powers wishing to denounce the present Convention, the denunciation shall be notified in writing to the Netherlands Government, who shall at once communicate a duly certified copy of the notification to all the other Powers, informing them of the date on which it was received.
The denunciation shall only have effect in regard to the notifying Power, and one year after the notification has been made to the Netherlands Government.
Art. 33. A register kept by the Netherlands Ministry for Foreign Affairs shall give the date of the deposit of ratifications made by Article 29, paragraphs 3 and 4, as well as the date on which the notifications of adhesion (Article 30, paragraph 2) or of denunciation (Article 32, paragraph I) have been received.
Each Contracting Power is entitled to have access to this register and to be supplied with duly certified extracts.
In faith whereof the Plenipotentiaries have appended their signatures to the present Convention.
Done at The Hague, 18 October 1907, in a single copy, which shall remain deposited in the archives of the Netherlands Government, and duly certified copies of which shall be sent, through the diplomatic channel, to the Powers which have been invited to the Second Peace Conference.
(Here follow signatures)
[Source: International Committee of the Red Cross]
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As was discussed in Lesson 1, a wave is produced when a vibrating source periodically disturbs the first particle of a medium. This creates a wave pattern that begins to travel along the medium from particle to particle. The frequency at which each individual particle vibrates is equal to the frequency at which the source vibrates. Similarly, the period of vibration of each individual particle in the medium is equal to the period of vibration of the source. In one period, the source is able to displace the first particle upwards from rest, back to rest, downwards from rest, and finally back to rest. This complete back-and-forth movement constitutes one complete wave cycle.
The diagrams at the right show several "snapshots" of the production of a wave within a rope. The motion of the disturbance along the medium after every one-fourth of a period is depicted. Observe that in the time it takes from the first to the last snapshot, the hand has made one complete back-and-forth motion. A period has elapsed. Observe that during this same amount of time, the leading edge of the disturbance has moved a distance equal to one complete wavelength. So in a time of one period, the wave has moved a distance of one wavelength. Combining this information with the equation for speed (speed = distance/time), it can be said that the speed of a wave is also the wavelength/period.
Since the period is the reciprocal of the frequency, the expression 1/f can be substituted into the above equation for period. Rearranging the equation yields a new equation of the form:
The above equation is known as the wave equation. It states the mathematical relationship between the speed (v) of a wave and its wavelength (λ) and frequency (f). Using the symbols v, λ, and f, the equation can be rewritten as
As a test of your understanding of the wave equation and its mathematical use in analyzing wave motion, consider the following three-part question:
Stan and Anna are conducting a slinky experiment. They are studying the possible effect of several variables upon the speed of a wave in a slinky. Their data table is shown below. Fill in the blanks in the table, analyze the data, and answer the following questions.
1-in. dia. coils
3-in. dia. coils
Multiply the frequency by the wavelength to determine the speed.
Row 2: speed = 3.5 m/s
Row 3: speed = 2.5 m/s
Row 4: speed = 2.5 m/s
Row 5: speed = 2.1 m/s
Row 6: speed = 2.2 m/s
1. As the wavelength of a wave in a uniform medium increases, its speed will _____.
a. decrease
b. increase
c. remain the same
Answer: C
In rows 1 and 2, the wavelength was altered but the speed remained the same. The same can be said about rows 3 and 4 and rows 5 and 6. The speed of a wave is not affected by the wavelength of the wave.
2. As the wavelength of a wave in a uniform medium increases, its frequency will _____.
Answer: A
In rows 1 and 2, the wavelength was increased and the frequency was decreased. Wavelength and frequency are inversely proportional to each other.
3. The speed of a wave depends upon (i.e., is causally affected by) ...
a. the properties of the medium through which the wave travels b. the wavelength of the wave. c. the frequency of the wave. d. both the wavelength and the frequency of the wave.
a. the properties of the medium through which the wave travels
b. the wavelength of the wave.
c. the frequency of the wave.
d. both the wavelength and the frequency of the wave.
Whenever the medium is the same, the speed of the wave is the same. However, when the medium changes, the speed changes. The speed of these waves were dependent upon the properties of the medium.
The above example illustrates how to use the wave equation to solve mathematical problems. It also illustrates the principle that wave speed is dependent upon medium properties and independent of wave properties. Even though the wave speed is calculated by multiplying wavelength by frequency, an alteration in wavelength does not affect wave speed. Rather, an alteration in wavelength affects the frequency in an inverse manner. A doubling of the wavelength results in a halving of the frequency; yet the wave speed is not changed.
1. Two waves on identical strings have frequencies in a ratio of 2 to 1. If their wave speeds are the same, then how do their wavelengths compare?
a. 2:1 b. 1:2 c. 4:1 d. 1:4
a. 2:1
b. 1:2
c. 4:1
d. 1:4
Answer: B
Frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional to each other. The wave with the greatest frequency has the shortest wavelength. Twice the frequency means one-half the wavelength. For this reason, the wavelength ratio is the inverse of the frequency ratio.
2. Mac and Tosh stand 8 meters apart and demonstrate the motion of a transverse wave on a snakey. The wave e can be described as having a vertical distance of 32 cm from a trough to a crest, a frequency of 2.4 Hz, and a horizontal distance of 48 cm from a crest to the nearest trough. Determine the amplitude, period, and wavelength and speed of such a wave.
Amplitude = 16 cm
(Amplitude is the distance from the rest position to the crest position which is half the vertical distance from a trough to a crest.)
Wavelength = 96 cm
(Wavelength is the distance from crest to crest, which is twice the horizontal distance from crest to nearest trough.)
Period = 0.42 s
(The period is the reciprocal of the frequency. T = 1 / f)
Speed = 230 cm/s
(The speed of a wave is calculated as the product of the frequency times the wavelength.)
3. Dawn and Aram have stretched a slinky between them and begin experimenting with waves. As the frequency of the waves is doubled,
a. the wavelength is halved and the speed remains constant b. the wavelength remains constant and the speed is doubled c. both the wavelength and the speed are halved. d. both the wavelength and the speed remain constant.
a. the wavelength is halved and the speed remains constant
b. the wavelength remains constant and the speed is doubled
c. both the wavelength and the speed are halved.
d. both the wavelength and the speed remain constant.
Doubling the frequency will not alter the wave speed. Rather, it will halve the wavelength. Wavelength and frequency are inversely related.
4. A ruby-throated hummingbird beats its wings at a rate of about 70 wing beats per second.
a. What is the frequency in Hertz of the sound wave? b. Assuming the sound wave moves with a velocity of 350 m/s, what is the wavelength of the wave?
a. What is the frequency in Hertz of the sound wave?
b. Assuming the sound wave moves with a velocity of 350 m/s, what is the wavelength of the wave?
Answer: f = 70 Hz and λ = 5.0 m
The frequency is given and the wavelength is the v/f ratio.
5. Ocean waves are observed to travel along the water surface during a developing storm. A Coast Guard weather station observes that there is a vertical distance from high point to low point of 4.6 meters and a horizontal distance of 8.6 meters between adjacent crests. The waves splash into the station once every 6.2 seconds. Determine the frequency and the speed of these waves.
The wavelength is 8.6 meters and the period is 6.2 seconds.
The frequency can be determined from the period. If T = 6.2 s, then
f =1 /T = 1 / (6.2 s) f = 0.161 Hz
f = 0.161 Hz
Now find speed using the v = f • λ equation.
v = f • λ = (0.161 Hz) • (8.6 m) v = 1.4 m/s
v = 1.4 m/s
6. Two boats are anchored 4 meters apart. They bob up and down, returning to the same up position every 3 seconds. When one is up the other is down. There are never any wave crests between the boats. Calculate the speed of the waves.
The diagram is helpful. The wavelength must be 8 meters (see diagram).
The period is 3 seconds so the frequency is 1 / T or 0.333 Hz.
Now use speed = f • wavelength Substituting and solving for v, you will get 2.67 m/s.


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