text:
Referral Line: 484-628-HELP
Reading Hospital: 484-628-8000
Toll Free: 1-866-988-4377
Reading Health System Menu
Request an Appointment
Health Library
During a blood transfusion, you receive blood or parts of blood through an IV (intravenous) line. The blood may be from a donor. Or you may receive your own blood that has been stored for you. There are several parts of blood that can be transfused. Red blood cells are the most common type of blood product transfusion.
There are many reasons you may need a transfusion. Your healthcare provider will explain the reasons for your transfusion.
There are several reasons why you may need a blood transfusion, such as:
A sudden loss of blood due to an accident or injury
Blood loss as a result of surgery
A low hemoglobin level before, during, or after surgery (hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen)
Severe heart, lung, liver, or kidney disease
Bone marrow failure
Moderate to severe anemia (decreased red blood cells)
Human blood is made of blood cells and a fluid called plasma. Plasma carries red and white blood cells and platelets. Each part of blood has a special function. These parts can be separated from each other. Bone marrow, the soft, spongy material in the center of the bones, makes most of the body's blood cells. Here is a look at each part of the blood, and why it might be transfused:
Red blood cells. These cells carry oxygen from your lungs to other body organs. They also carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs to be breathed out (exhaled). The body needs a certain number of these cells to work well. Bleeding due to injury, surgery, or disease may cause a low red blood cell count. This is the most common type of transfusion.
White blood cells. These cells fight infections by destroying bacteria, viruses, and other germs. White blood cells are rarely transfused. They are often set aside as a short-term (temporary) treatment for people with a low white cell count and severe infection that has not responded to antibiotics.
Platelets. These tiny cells in your blood help form clots and stop bleeding. Your body may not make enough platelets. This might be from bone marrow disorders, increased destruction of platelets, or medicines such as chemotherapy. Platelets may be transfused before surgery. Or any time the platelet count is very low and you are at risk of bleeding.
Plasma. This fluid carries the blood cells all over the body. It contains proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Some of the proteins also help blood to clot. Plasma or fresh frozen plasma can be transfused in people who severely lack certain parts of the blood that help with clotting.
Most hospitals use blood from volunteer donors. These donors are not paid for giving blood or blood products. Each blood donor must answer medical history questions and have a limited physical exam before being accepted as a donor. Donated blood is carefully tested, which lowers the chances of transfusion-related infections. Donated blood is tested for:
Hepatitis viruses B and C
Human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) I and II
West Nile virus
Chagas disease, caused by a parasite
Most transfusions are done without any problems. Mild side effects can often be treated with medicine if you need more transfusions. Mild side effects may include symptoms of an allergic reaction, such as:
Takes more effort to breathe
Serious side effects are rare. They may include:
Trouble breathing
Chest pain
Sudden drop in blood pressure
In addition to general volunteer blood donations, there are 2 other types of blood donation:
Directed blood donation. This is when friends or family donate blood for a certain person. This blood is set aside for that person's use. This type of donation requires a prescription and must be scheduled in advance. Direct blood donations go through the same testing as other volunteer donations. If the person does not use this donated blood, it may be made available for someone else.
Donating blood for yourself (autologous donation). This is your blood that you donate for your own use. It's set aside and can be transfused back into your own body if needed for a later, planned surgery. This type of donation requires a prescription from your provider and is scheduled in advance. It does not go through the same testing as other blood donations. If you don't use the blood, it's thrown away.
No special preparation is needed before a blood transfusion.
A blood transfusion may occur as part of your hospitalization. Or it may be done as an outpatient. This means you go home the same day.
Blood is collected and stored in germ-free (sterile) bags. The bags are used once and then thrown away.
Before blood is given to you, it's cross-matched with your own blood to make sure it's compatible.
The blood will be given through an IV placed in a vein.
Your temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate will be checked many times while the blood is being given.
It may take a few hours to complete the process.
After you have received the blood as requested by your healthcare provider, the IV that was placed in your arm will be removed and you will be discharged.
You will be able to go back to your normal activities, unless your healthcare provider has made other recommendations.
Before you agree to the test or the procedure, make sure you know:
The name of the test or procedure
The reason you are having the test or procedure
What results to expect and what they mean
The risks and benefits of the test or procedure
What the possible side effects or complications are
When and where you are to have the test or procedure
Who will do the test or procedure and what that person's qualifications are
What would happen if you did not have the test or procedure
Any alternative tests or procedures to think about
When and how will you get the results
Who to call after the test or procedure if you have questions or problems
How much will you have to pay for the test or procedure


text:
**NEW YORK --** The NFL told club executives they could be schooled in the ins and outs of the new labor contract as early as Thursday, and the players' association summoned its leadership for a potential vote - the strongest signs yet the lockout might be nearing an end.

Lawyers for both sides met 8 1/2 hours Monday in New York, including 3 1/2 with a court-appointed mediator, to try to close a deal to resolve the sport's first work stoppage since 1987. Talks were scheduled to continue Tuesday.
"Making progress,'' said NFL Players Association outside counsel Jeffrey Kessler, who also represents locked-out NBA players.
Commissioner Roger Goodell and NFLPA head DeMaurice Smith spoke to each other on the telephone Monday and planned to stay in regular contact.
"Nobody cheers for you at Mile 25 of a marathon. You still have to cross the finish line,'' NFLPA spokesman George Atallah said in Washington. "There still are things that can get you tripped up, and we're going to push through.''
Owners are set to hold a special meeting in Atlanta on Thursday, when they could ratify a new agreement - if there is one. Executives from all 32 teams then would be briefed there Thursday and Friday on how the terms would affect league business, two people familiar with the plan told The Associated Press.
The people said the clubs were told Monday that topics would include the 2011 NFL calendar, rookie salary system and guidelines for player transactions. They spoke to the AP on condition of anonymity because the process is supposed to remain confidential.
Any tentative agreement also must be approved by the players, of course, including star quarterbacks Tom Brady, Peyton Manning and Drew Brees and the other plaintiffs in a federal antitrust suit against the league.
Members of the NFLPA executive committee and representatives of every team were heading to Washington by Wednesday, in preparation for possible decisions on re-establishing a union and signing off on a tentative pact with owners.
Atallah said the players would be gathering "with the hope they have something to look at, and with the hope we can move forward on this.''
Owners locked out players on March 12, when the old collective bargaining agreement expired, leaving the country's most popular professional sports league in limbo. The sides are trying to forge a settlement in time to keep the preseason completely intact. The exhibition opener is supposed to be the Hall of Fame game between the St. Louis Rams and Chicago Bears on Aug. 7.
The regular-season opener is scheduled for Sept. 8, when the Super Bowl champion Green Bay Packers are to host the New Orleans Saints.
Philadelphia Eagles quarterback Michael Vick tweeted Monday: "Sound like we gonna be back to work so soon!!!''
One issue standing in the way of a resolution, according to a person from each side of the dispute and speaking to the AP on condition of anonymity: Players want owners to turn over $320 million in unpaid benefits from the 2010 season. Because there was no salary cap that season, the old collective bargaining agreement said NFL teams were not required to pay those benefits.
On a separate matter, one of those people, as well as a second person familiar with the negotiations, also told the AP that a proposal currently under consideration would set up nearly $1 billion over the next 10 years in additional benefits for retired players. That would include $620 million in pension increases, long-term care insurance and disability programs. Representatives of retired players are expected to be in New York for Tuesday's talks; that group complained to the court recently that it had been excluded from negotiations.
At federal court in Minnesota, where the players' antitrust suit is pending, their lawyers filed a motion Monday asking for a summary judgment that the lockout is illegal and that players are entitled to damages. The NFL, meanwhile, asked the court for a week's extension to file their formal response to the lawsuit; the original deadline was Monday.
Those filings were necessary, procedural moves that would be rendered moot if an agreement is reached before the Aug. 29 hearing date. Later Monday, the NFL and retired players filed a joint request to delay the hearing for at least a month to allow owners "to focus on the continuing mediation.''
Atallah called the current players' filing "an obligation to protect the members of the class.''
"Obviously, if we come to a settlement, it all can be lifted at any time,'' he said.
During lengthy negotiations last week, players and owners came up with the framework of a CBA that addresses most of their differences.
Areas they've figured out include:
- How the more than $9 billion in annual league revenues will be divided, with somewhere from 46.5 to 48.5 percent going to players, depending on how much the total take from TV contracts and other sources rises or falls;
- A structure for rookie contracts that will rein in soaring salaries for high first-round draft picks;
- Free agency rules that allow most four-year veterans to negotiate with any team;
- A cap of about $120 million per team for player salaries in 2011, with about another $20 million per team in benefits.
- Each team must spend at least 90 percent of the salary cap in cash each season, a higher figure than in the past.
"The lawyers are hard at work in New York with the language and some of the things we agreed to last week,'' the NFLPA's Atallah said. "As for face-to-face meetings between the principals, we will do that as necessary.''
AP Sports Writers Rachel Cohen, Teresa Walker, Larry Lage, John Wawrow, Tom Canavan, Jon Krawczynski and Dave Campbell contributed to this report.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Databases and the Doctrine ORM
Warning: You are browsing the documentation for Symfony 2.x, which is no longer maintained.
Read the updated version of this page for Symfony 7.1 (the current stable version).
One of the most common and challenging tasks for any application involves persisting and reading information to and from a database. Although the Symfony Framework doesn't integrate any component to work with databases, it provides tight integration with a third-party library called Doctrine. Doctrine's sole goal is to give you powerful tools to make database interactions easy and flexible.
In this chapter, you'll learn how to start leveraging Doctrine in your Symfony projects to give you rich database interactions.
Doctrine is totally decoupled from Symfony and using it is optional. This chapter is all about the Doctrine ORM, which aims to let you map objects to a relational database (such as MySQL, PostgreSQL or Microsoft SQL). If you prefer to use raw database queries, this is easy, and explained in the "How to Use Doctrine DBAL" article.
You can also persist data to MongoDB using Doctrine ODM library. For more information, read the "`DoctrineMongoDBBundle`_" documentation.
A Simple Example: A Product
The easiest way to understand how Doctrine works is to see it in action.
In this section, you'll configure your database, create a Product
persist it to the database and fetch it back out.
Configuring the Database
Before you really begin, you'll need to configure your database connection
information. By convention, this information is usually configured in an
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
# app/config/parameters.yml
database_host: localhost
database_name: test_project
database_user: root
database_password: password
# ...
Defining the configuration via parameters.yml
is just a convention.
The parameters defined in that file are referenced by the main configuration
file when setting up Doctrine:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
# app/config/config.yml
driver: pdo_mysql
host: '%database_host%'
dbname: '%database_name%'
user: '%database_user%'
password: '%database_password%'
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
<!-- app/config/config.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
password="%database_password%" />
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
// app/config/config.php
$container->loadFromExtension('doctrine', array(
'dbal' => array(
'driver' => 'pdo_mysql',
'host' => '%database_host%',
'dbname' => '%database_name%',
'user' => '%database_user%',
'password' => '%database_password%',
By separating the database information into a separate file, you can easily keep different versions of the file on each server. You can also easily store database configuration (or any sensitive information) outside of your project, like inside your Apache configuration, for example. For more information, see How to Set external Parameters in the Service Container.
Now that Doctrine can connect to your database, the following command
can automatically generate an empty test_project
database for you:
$ php app/console doctrine:database:create
Setting up the Database to be UTF8
One mistake even seasoned developers make when starting a Symfony project is forgetting to set up default charset and collation on their database, ending up with latin type collations, which are default for most databases. They might even remember to do it the very first time, but forget that it's all gone after running a relatively common command during development:
1 2
$ php app/console doctrine:database:drop --force
$ php app/console doctrine:database:create
There's no way to configure these defaults inside Doctrine, as it tries to be as agnostic as possible in terms of environment configuration. One way to solve this problem is to configure server-level defaults.
Setting UTF8 defaults for MySQL is as simple as adding a few lines to
your configuration file (typically my.cnf
1 2 3 4
# Version 5.5.3 introduced "utf8mb4", which is recommended
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci # Replaces utf8_unicode_ci
character-set-server = utf8mb4 # Replaces utf8
We recommend against MySQL's utf8
character set, since it does not
support 4-byte unicode characters, and strings containing them will be
truncated. This is fixed by the newer utf8mb4 character set.
There is a limit of 767 bytes for the index key prefix when using
InnoDB tables in MySQL 5.6 and earlier versions. String columns with 255
character length and utf8mb4
encoding surpass that limit. This means
that any column of type string
and unique=true
must set its
maximum length
to 190
. Otherwise, you'll see this error:
"[PDOException] SQLSTATE[42000]: Syntax error or access violation:
1071 Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes".
If you want to use SQLite as your database, you need to set the path where your database file should be stored:
1 2 3 4 5 6
# app/config/config.yml
driver: pdo_sqlite
path: '%kernel.root_dir%/sqlite.db'
charset: UTF8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
<!-- app/config/config.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
charset="UTF-8" />
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
// app/config/config.php
$container->loadFromExtension('doctrine', array(
'dbal' => array(
'driver' => 'pdo_sqlite',
'path' => '%kernel.root_dir%/sqlite.db',
'charset' => 'UTF-8',
Creating an Entity Class
Suppose you're building an application where products need to be displayed.
Without even thinking about Doctrine or databases, you already know that
you need a Product
object to represent those products. Create this class
inside the Entity
directory of your AppBundle:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
// src/AppBundle/Entity/Product.php
namespace AppBundle\Entity;
class Product
private $name;
private $price;
private $description;
The class - often called an "entity", meaning a basic class that holds data - is simple and helps fulfill the business requirement of needing products in your application. This class can't be persisted to a database yet - it's just a simple PHP class.
Once you learn the concepts behind Doctrine, you can have Doctrine create simple entity classes for you. This will ask you interactive questions to help you build any entity:
$ php app/console doctrine:generate:entity
Add Mapping Information
Doctrine allows you to work with databases in a much more interesting way than just fetching rows of scalar data into an array. Instead, Doctrine allows you to fetch entire objects out of the database, and to persist entire objects to the database. For Doctrine to be able to do this, you must map your database tables to specific PHP classes, and the columns on those tables must be mapped to specific properties on their corresponding PHP classes.
You'll provide this mapping information in the form of "metadata", a collection
of rules that tells Doctrine exactly how the Product
class and its
properties should be mapped to a specific database table. This metadata
can be specified in a number of different formats, including YAML, XML or
directly inside the Product
class via DocBlock annotations:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
// src/AppBundle/Entity/Product.php
namespace AppBundle\Entity;
use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping as ORM;
* @ORM\Entity
* @ORM\Table(name="product")
class Product
* @ORM\Column(type="integer")
* @ORM\Id
* @ORM\GeneratedValue(strategy="AUTO")
private $id;
* @ORM\Column(type="string", length=100)
private $name;
* @ORM\Column(type="decimal", scale=2)
private $price;
* @ORM\Column(type="text")
private $description;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
# src/AppBundle/Resources/config/doctrine/Product.orm.yml
type: entity
table: product
type: integer
generator: { strategy: AUTO }
type: string
length: 100
type: decimal
scale: 2
type: text
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
<!-- src/AppBundle/Resources/config/doctrine/Product.orm.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<doctrine-mapping xmlns="http://doctrine-project.org/schemas/orm/doctrine-mapping"
<entity name="AppBundle\Entity\Product" table="product">
<id name="id" type="integer">
<generator strategy="AUTO" />
<field name="name" type="string" length="100" />
<field name="price" type="decimal" scale="2" />
<field name="description" type="text" />
A bundle can accept only one metadata definition format. For example, it's not possible to mix YAML metadata definitions with annotated PHP entity class definitions.
The table name is optional and if omitted, will be determined automatically based on the name of the entity class.
Doctrine allows you to choose from a wide variety of different field types, each with their own options. For information on the available field types, see the Databases and the Doctrine ORM section.
See also
You can also check out Doctrine's Basic Mapping Documentation for
all details about mapping information. If you use annotations, you'll
need to prepend all annotations with ORM\
(e.g. ORM\Column(...)
which is not shown in Doctrine's documentation. You'll also need to include
the use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping as ORM;
statement, which imports the
annotations prefix.
Be careful if the names of your entity classes (or their properties)
are also reserved SQL keywords like GROUP
or USER
. For example,
if your entity's class name is Group
, then, by default, the corresponding
table name would be group
. This will cause an SQL error in some database
engines. See Doctrine's Reserved SQL keywords documentation for details
on how to properly escape these names. Alternatively, if you're free
to choose your database schema, simply map to a different table name
or column name. See Doctrine's Creating Classes for the Database
and Property Mapping documentation.
When using another library or program (e.g. Doxygen) that uses annotations,
you should place the @IgnoreAnnotation
annotation on the class to
indicate which annotations Symfony should ignore.
For example, to prevent the @fn
annotation from throwing an exception,
add the following:
1 2 3 4 5
* @IgnoreAnnotation("fn")
class Product
// ...
After creating your entities you should validate the mappings with the following command:
$ php app/console doctrine:schema:validate
Generating Getters and Setters
Even though Doctrine now knows how to persist a Product
object to the
database, the class itself isn't really useful yet. Since Product
is just
a regular PHP class with private
properties, you need to create public
getter and setter methods (e.g. getName()
, setName($name)
) in order
to access its properties in the rest of your application's code. Add these
methods manually or with your own IDE.
Creating the Database Tables/Schema
You now have a usable Product
class with mapping information so that
Doctrine knows exactly how to persist it. Of course, you don't yet have the
corresponding product
table in your database. Fortunately, Doctrine can
automatically create all the database tables needed for every known entity
in your application. To do this, run:
$ php app/console doctrine:schema:update --force
Actually, this command is incredibly powerful. It compares what
your database should look like (based on the mapping information of
your entities) with how it actually looks, and executes the SQL statements
needed to update the database schema to where it should be. In other
words, if you add a new property with mapping metadata to Product
and run this command, it will execute the "ALTER TABLE" statement needed
to add that new column to the existing product
An even better way to take advantage of this functionality is via migrations, which allow you to generate these SQL statements and store them in migration classes that can be run systematically on your production server in order to update and track changes to your database schema safely and reliably.
Whether or not you take advantage of migrations, the doctrine:schema:update
command should only be used during development. It should not be used in
a production environment.
Your database now has a fully-functional product
table with columns that
match the metadata you've specified.
Persisting Objects to the Database
Now that you have mapped the Product
entity to its corresponding product
table, you're ready to persist Product
objects to the database. From inside
a controller, this is pretty easy. Add the following method to the
of the bundle:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
// src/AppBundle/Controller/DefaultController.php
// ...
use AppBundle\Entity\Product;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
// ...
public function createAction()
$product = new Product();
$product->setDescription('Ergonomic and stylish!');
$entityManager = $this->getDoctrine()->getManager();
// tells Doctrine you want to (eventually) save the Product (no queries yet)
// actually executes the queries (i.e. the INSERT query)
return new Response('Saved new product with id '.$product->getId());
If you're following along with this example, you'll need to create a route that points to this action to see it work.
This article shows working with Doctrine from within a controller by using
the getDoctrine()
method of the controller. This method is a shortcut to get the
service. You can work with Doctrine anywhere else
by injecting that service in the service. See
Service Container for more on creating your own services.
Take a look at the previous example in more detail:
- lines 10-13 In this section, you instantiate and work with the
object like any other normal PHP object. - line 15 This line fetches Doctrine's entity manager object, which is responsible for the process of persisting objects to, and fetching objects from, the database.
- line 18 The
call tells Doctrine to "manage" the$product
object. This does not cause a query to be made to the database. - line 21 When the
method is called, Doctrine looks through all of the objects that it's managing to see if they need to be persisted to the database. In this example, the$product
object's data doesn't exist in the database, so the entity manager executes anINSERT
query, creating a new row in theproduct
In fact, since Doctrine is aware of all your managed entities, when you call
the flush()
method, it calculates an overall changeset and executes
the queries in the correct order. It utilizes cached prepared statement to
slightly improve the performance. For example, if you persist a total of 100
objects and then subsequently call flush()
, Doctrine will
execute 100 INSERT
queries using a single prepared statement object.
If the flush()
call fails, a Doctrine\ORM\ORMException
is thrown. See Transactions and Concurrency.
Whether creating or updating objects, the workflow is always the same. In
the next section, you'll see how Doctrine is smart enough to automatically
issue an UPDATE
query if the entity already exists in the database.
Doctrine provides a library that allows you to programmatically load testing data into your project (i.e. "fixture data"). For information, see the "`DoctrineFixturesBundle`_" documentation.
Fetching Objects from the Database
Fetching an object back out of the database is even easier. For example,
suppose you've configured a route to display a specific Product
on its id
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
public function showAction($productId)
$product = $this->getDoctrine()
if (!$product) {
throw $this->createNotFoundException(
'No product found for id '.$productId
// ... do something, like pass the $product object into a template
You can achieve the equivalent of this without writing any code by using
the @ParamConverter
shortcut. See the FrameworkExtraBundle documentation
for more details.
When you query for a particular type of object, you always use what's known as its "repository". You can think of a repository as a PHP class whose only job is to help you fetch entities of a certain class. You can access the repository object for an entity class via:
1 2
$repository = $this->getDoctrine()
You can also use AppBundle:Product
syntax. This string is a shortcut you can use anywhere
in Doctrine instead of the full class name of the entity (i.e. AppBundle\Entity\Product
As long as your entity lives under the Entity
namespace of your bundle,
this will work.
Once you have a repository object, you can access all sorts of helpful methods:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
$repository = $this->getDoctrine()->getRepository(Product::class);
// looks for a single product by its primary key (usually "id")
$product = $repository->find($productId);
// dynamic method names to find a single product based on a column value
$product = $repository->findOneById($productId);
$product = $repository->findOneByName('Keyboard');
// dynamic method names to find a group of products based on a column value
$products = $repository->findByPrice(19.99);
// finds *all* products
$products = $repository->findAll();
Of course, you can also issue complex queries, which you'll learn more about in the Databases and the Doctrine ORM section.
You can also take advantage of the useful findBy()
and findOneBy()
to easily fetch objects based on multiple conditions:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
$repository = $this->getDoctrine()->getRepository(Product::class);
// looks for a single product matching the given name and price
$product = $repository->findOneBy(
array('name' => 'Keyboard', 'price' => 19.99)
// looks for multiple products matching the given name, ordered by price
$products = $repository->findBy(
array('name' => 'Keyboard'),
array('price' => 'ASC')
When rendering a page requires to make some database calls, the web debug toolbar at the bottom of the page displays the number of queries and the time it took to execute them:
If the number of database queries is too high, the icon will turn yellow to indicate that something may not be correct. Click on the icon to open the Symfony Profiler and see the exact queries that were executed.
Updating an Object
Once you've fetched an object from Doctrine, updating it is easy. Suppose you have a route that maps a product id to an update action in a controller:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
use AppBundle\Entity\Product;
// ...
public function updateAction($productId)
$entityManager = $this->getDoctrine()->getManager();
$product = $entityManager->getRepository(Product::class)->find($productId);
if (!$product) {
throw $this->createNotFoundException(
'No product found for id '.$productId
$product->setName('New product name!');
return $this->redirectToRoute('homepage');
Updating an object involves just three steps:
- fetching the object from Doctrine;
- modifying the object;
- calling
on the entity manager.
Notice that calling $entityManager->persist($product)
isn't necessary. Recall that
this method simply tells Doctrine to manage or "watch" the $product
In this case, since you fetched the $product
object from Doctrine, it's
already managed.
Deleting an Object
Deleting an object is very similar, but requires a call to the remove()
method of the entity manager:
1 2
As you might expect, the remove()
method notifies Doctrine that you'd
like to remove the given object from the database. The actual DELETE
however, isn't actually executed until the flush()
method is called.
Querying for Objects
You've already seen how the repository object allows you to run basic queries without any work:
1 2 3 4
$repository = $this->getDoctrine()->getRepository(Product::class);
$product = $repository->find($productId);
$product = $repository->findOneByName('Keyboard');
Of course, Doctrine also allows you to write more complex queries using the
Doctrine Query Language (DQL). DQL is similar to SQL except that you should
imagine that you're querying for one or more objects of an entity class (e.g. Product
instead of querying for rows on a table (e.g. product
When querying in Doctrine, you have two main options: writing pure DQL queries or using Doctrine's Query Builder.
Querying for Objects with DQL
Imagine that you want to query for products that cost more than 19.99
ordered from least to most expensive. You can use DQL, Doctrine's native
SQL-like language, to construct a query for this scenario:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
$entityManager = $this->getDoctrine()->getManager();
$query = $entityManager->createQuery(
'SELECT p
FROM AppBundle:Product p
WHERE p.price > :price
ORDER BY p.price ASC'
)->setParameter('price', 19.99);
$products = $query->getResult();
If you're comfortable with SQL, then DQL should feel very natural. The biggest
difference is that you need to think in terms of selecting PHP objects,
instead of rows in a database. For this reason, you select from the
entity (an optional shortcut for the
class) and then alias it as p
Take note of the setParameter()
method. When working with Doctrine,
it's always a good idea to set any external values as "placeholders"
in the example above) as it prevents SQL injection attacks.
The getResult()
method returns an array of results. To get only one
result, you can use getOneOrNullResult()
$product = $query->setMaxResults(1)->getOneOrNullResult();
The DQL syntax is incredibly powerful, allowing you to easily join between entities (the topic of relations will be covered later), group, etc. For more information, see the official Doctrine Query Language documentation.
Querying for Objects Using Doctrine's Query Builder
Instead of writing a DQL string, you can use a helpful object called the
to build that string for you. This is useful when the actual query
depends on dynamic conditions, as your code soon becomes hard to read with
DQL as you start to concatenate strings:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
$repository = $this->getDoctrine()
// createQueryBuilder() automatically selects FROM AppBundle:Product
// and aliases it to "p"
$query = $repository->createQueryBuilder('p')
->where('p.price > :price')
->setParameter('price', '19.99')
->orderBy('p.price', 'ASC')
$products = $query->getResult();
// to get just one result:
// $product = $query->setMaxResults(1)->getOneOrNullResult();
The QueryBuilder
object contains every method necessary to build your
query. By calling the getQuery()
method, the query builder returns a
normal Query
object, which can be used to get the result of the query.
For more information on Doctrine's Query Builder, consult Doctrine's Query Builder documentation.
Organizing Custom Queries into Repository Classes
All the queries in the previous sections were written directly in your controller. But for organization, Doctrine provides special repository classes that allow you to keep all your query logic in one, central place.
see How to Create custom Repository Classes for info.
Doctrine is highly configurable, though you probably won't ever need to worry about most of its options. To find out more about configuring Doctrine, see the Doctrine section of the config reference.
Doctrine Field Types Reference
Doctrine comes with numerous field types available. Each of these
maps a PHP data type to a specific column type in whatever database you're
using. For each field type, the Column
can be configured further, setting
the length
, nullable
behavior, name
and other options. To see a
list of all available types and more information, see Doctrine's
Mapping Types documentation.
Relationships and Associations
Doctrine provides all the functionality you need to manage database relationships (also known as associations). For info, see How to Work with Doctrine Associations / Relations.
Final Thoughts
With Doctrine, you can focus on your objects and how they're used in your application and worry about database persistence second. This is because Doctrine allows you to use any PHP object to hold your data and relies on mapping metadata information to map an object's data to a particular database table.
Doctrine has a lot more complex features to learn, like relationships, complex queries, and event listeners.
Learn more
- How to Work with Doctrine Associations / Relations
- How to use Doctrine Extensions: Timestampable, Sluggable, Translatable, etc.
- Console Commands
- How to Register custom DQL Functions
- How to Use Doctrine DBAL
- Doctrine Event Listeners and Subscribers
- How to Work with Lifecycle Callbacks
- How to Provide Model Classes for several Doctrine Implementations
- How to Use MongoDbSessionHandler to Store Sessions in a MongoDB Database
- How to Work with multiple Entity Managers and Connections
- How to Use PdoSessionHandler to Store Sessions in the Database
- How to Implement a Simple Registration Form
- How to Create custom Repository Classes
- How to Define Relationships with Abstract Classes and Interfaces
- How to Generate Entities from an Existing Database


text:
Bill Gates has adopted education as a billionaire's hobby for many years—once supporting small schools projects, but more recently focusing on teacher quality.
Little attention, however, has been paid in the mainstream media to Gates's struggles in business (Microsoft) or his complete lack of expertise, experience, or success as an educational entrepreneur, until this expose by Vanity Fair addressing the key practices at the foundation of Microsoft's failures ("Today, a single Apple product—the iPhone—generates more revenue than all of Microsoft's wares combined"). Gates has argued for a need to identify the best (and worst) teachers in order to control who teachers teach and how:
What should policymakers do? One approach is to get more students in front of top teachers by identifying the top 25 percent of teachers and asking them to take on four or five more students. Part of the savings could then be used to give the top teachers a raise. (In a 2008 survey funded by the Gates Foundation, 83 percent of teachers said they would be happy to teach more students for more pay.) The rest of the savings could go toward improving teacher support and evaluation systems, to help more teachers become great.
In effect, Gates's plan to address teacher quality is shared among almost all education reformers, including the USDOE and Secretary Arne Duncan, and focuses on labeling,ranking, and sorting teachers—a practice eerily similar to the "Cannibalistic Culture" identified as central to the failures at Microsoft:
Eichenwald's conversations reveal that a management system known as "stack ranking"—a program that forces every unit to declare a certain percentage of employees as top performers, good performers, average, and poor—effectively crippled Microsoft's ability to innovate. "Every current and former Microsoft employee I interviewed—every one—cited stack ranking as the most destructive process inside of Microsoft, something that drove out untold numbers of employees," Eichenwald writes. "If you were on a team of 10 people, you walked in the first day knowing that, no matter how good everyone was, 2 people were going to get a great review, 7 were going to get mediocre reviews, and 1 was going to get a terrible review," says a former software developer. "It leads to employees focusing on competing with each other rather than competing with other companies."
"Competing with Each Other": Students as Weapons of Mass Instruction
It all starts with a lie. A very compelling lie that has the weight of common sense reinforced by the proclamations of people with wealth, Bill Gates, and power, Secretary Arne Duncan: Teachers are the single most important element in the learning of a child.
The problem is, of course, this is factually untrue. Nonetheless, the follow up lie (when you base a conclusion on a false permise, that conclusion is also false) is also compelling: Teacher quality must be improved!
The balance of evidence shows that measurable student outcomes (itself a serious flaw in how we draw conclusions about both student learning and teacher quality) is overwhelmingly linked with out-of-school factors—anywhere from about two thirds to well over 80 percent of that data correlated with out-of-school factors.
Even arguing that teachers are the single most important in-school factor in measurable student outcomes is problematic since the research on that claim is mixed at best (some evidence suggests that school leadership and culture are as important, if not more so, than teacher quality).
Gates and the USDOE, then, are making a foundational problem of seeking solutions to problems that haven't been identified. In other words, no one has shown definitively that teacher quality is the primary or even one of the primary causes of low student outcomes.
Now, once we move beyond that problem, approaches to teacher evaluation and pay may need to be revised, but ample evidence shows that the proposals being offered by Gates and Duncan, as well as all across the U.S., are also without solid evidence to support them (disproportionate teacher assignment has been identified, but that reality is somehow often ignored since the privileged children are winning in that inequity [see Peske & Haycock, 2006]).
Incentive-based evaluation and compensation have a long record of being ineffective, counter-production, and not cost effective (see Hout & Elliot, 2011, and Kohn, 1993/1999). Yet, as with the compelling message about teacher quality and student outcomes, competition and incentives are almost universally embraced in U.S. culture without regard for the evidence (see Worthen, et al., 2009, regarding competition).
That leads to the revelations about the previously unexplored problems at Microsoft exposed by Eichenwald—the Cannibalistic Culture of stack ranking by which all workers are evaluated on an imposed scale of ranking in order to identify the elite workers.
If Eichenwald's characterization of the ranking as corrosive is accurate, leading as it did to workers "competing with each other," then we can anticipate a truly disturbing reality to occur when teachers are held accountable for their students' grade as significant percentages of their evaluations and compensation: Teachers will begin to use their students as weapons of mass instruction to defeat the students of the competing teachers, either in their own school or within the district.
This is a debilitating and ethically corrupt outcome that cannot be avoided if we continue to seek incentive-based, VAM approaches to teacher quality.
Education and teacher quality absolutely need to be reformed, but increasing the Cannibalistic Culture for teachers and students is not the path we need as a free people seeking universal public education as a central institution supporting democracy.
Education is a collaborative venture; a culture of competition is poison in the teaching/learning dynamic. Labeling, sorting, and ranking teachers and students is inexcusable in any form as long as we are genuinely committed to fostering a culture of collaboration necessary for learning.
The Cannibalistic Culture has created the winners who call for expanding that game. The Cannibalistic Culture benefits only the winners as it forces the status of loser upon most people regardless—again consider the stack ranking at Microsoft.
Teacher evaluation and education need to be reformed toward a culture of collaboration, a culture that encourages human interactions that are not about winning or losing and not about fighting for ever-shrinking pieces of the pie.
Public education and teacher quality reform currently being pursued is certain to drive good people from teaching and to ask less and less of both teachers and students. We have ample evidence from the disturbing Microsoft story being revealed to us, but we also have the stories of generations of teachers who know how education and teaching need to be supported and reformed.
Teachers want all students to succeed. Teachers want to be treated as professionals. Teachers want school conditions that support their work as educators.
Teachers do not want to use their students to outperform some other teachers' students.
A Cannibalistic Culture will certainly create students as weapons of mass instruction that will destroy universal public education.


text:
Pages: 256
Binding: softcover
God's Quad: Small Faith Communities on Campus and Beyond
By: Kevin Ahern and Christopher Derige Malano
Contributors from five continents offer case studies of best practices and practical tools for creating and maintaining Christian communities for young adults, both within and beyond academic settings. Reports from groups in East Africa, Europe, and India complement U.S. case studies including the Christian Life Community Program at Boston College, Catholic Relief Services Student Ambassador program, and Leadership Labs at the University of Hawai'i. With an extensive list of additional resources, including a Small Groups Field Guide from the Catholic Campus Ministry Association, God's Quad offers students, youth ministers, and campus organizers insights and inspiration in equal measure.
Kevin Ahern, a past-president of the International Movement of Catholic Students (IMCS-Pax Romana), is an assistant professor of religious studies at Manhattan College, where he directs the Peace Studies Program. He is author of Structures of Grace: Catholic Organizations Serving the Global Common Good (Orbis 2015) and editor of Visions of Hope: Emerging Theologians and the Future of the Church.
Christopher Derige Malano worked with national leaders of the university apostolate in over 30 countries as the secretary general of the International Movement of Catholic Students-Pax Romana. He is currently the pastoral administrator of the Newman Center at the University of Hawai'i, Mānoa.
Related Articles


text:
Vinyl Records Set to Outsell CDs This Year for the First Time Since 1986
If current trends hold, sales of vinyl records are set to outpace the sales of compact discs this year for the first time since 1986, according to the latest report from the Recording Industry Association of America.
Continuing a change seen in previous RIAA reports, the Mid-Year 2019 RIAA Music Revenues Report (released Sept. 5) shows vinyl records earned $224.1 million (on 8.6 million units) in the first half of 2019, as Rolling Stone reported. That's in comparison to the $247.9 million (on 18.6 million units) CD sales brought in during the same time. Should that gap continue to close, records could soon generate more cash than their optical disc counterparts.
The writing was on the wall in previous years' tallies. In fact, in 2018's latter half, vinyl revenue swelled by 12.8 percent. In the first six months of this year, it grew 12.9 percent, all while sales from CDs hardly moved.
Listeners of classic rock, hard rock and heavy metal are often seen as prime consumers for vinyl records, leading rock heavyweights such as Ozzy Osbourne to plot mammoth new vinyl collections containing over 20 vinyl discs. Still, not everyone's on board with vinyl's latest revolution: Earlier this year, Megadeth bassist David Ellefson said that vinyl "sounds like shit" to him.
Of course, the surge in vinyl sales is still just a drop in the bucket. Paid subscriptions to streaming services represented the lion's share of all music industry revenues — at 62 percent — compared to vinyl's total revenues of just 4 percent in the first half of 2019
But the swing continues music consumption's transformation. Last year, for the first time since 2011, physical albums outsold digital downloads, with CDs and vinyl moving $200 million more in sales than downloads.
Read the full Mid-Year 2019 RIAA Music Revenues Report here.
55 Best Metal Covers of Classic Rock Hits


text:
What is an Honorary Degree?
An honorary degree or a degree honoris causa (Latin: "for the sake of the honour") is an academic degree for which a university has waived the usual requirements, such as matriculation, residence, study, and the passing of examinations. The degree is typically a doctorate and is conferred as a way of honoring a distinguished recipient's contributions to a specific field or to society in general. The practice dates back to the middle ages. The earliest honorary degree on record was awarded to Lionel Woodville in the late 1470s by the University of Oxford.
Honorary Degrees at Washburn University
Washburn University awarded its first honorary degree in 1888. The honorary degree is the highest academic recognition Washburn University can bestow. Recipients of these degrees have demonstrated high standards of excellence in their life and work as evidenced by scholarship or achievement; by public service to the world, the nation, the state, or the community; in wholehearted commitment to the development of Washburn University; or through excellence in any calling or occupation which visibly contributed to the development of society and serves as a model for present and future generations. Recipients generally have significant ties to the State of Kansas or to Washburn University through birth, residence, education, service, or notable achievement.
Nominations for candidates to receive an honorary degree are submitted by faculty, students, Washburn University Foundation members, Washburn Board of Regents members, and Alumni Association members to the Honorary Degree Committee in late September. The committee reviews the nominations and its recommendations are forwarded by the chairperson to the president of the university for consideration and submission to the Board of Regents for formal action. The nominations and recommendations remain confidential until approved by the Board of Regents.
Honorary degrees are awarded at Washburn University's May commencement exercises and the recipient must be present.


text:
Research Highlights
Phytoplankton dynamics and the production of methyl bromide at Cape Grim: 2003-2004." In Baseline Atmospheric Program (Australia) 2003-2004, 81-86. Melbourne: Australian Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, 2006.
"Precursors to Particles (P2P) at Cape Grim 2006: campaign overview." Environmental Chemistry 4, no. 3 (2007): 143-150.


text:
From Crain's Detroit Business:
The Troy City Council voted 7-0 April 7, 2014, to authorize an offer of $1.05 million to Grand/Sakwa Properties LLC, to reacquire the 2.7-acre Troy Transit Center property after the courts found it had reverted to private ownership.
The vote authorizes the city to make that offer, based on funding from the Federal Transit Administration, an agency of the U.S. Department of Transportation. The Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation has a grant amendment request before the FTA for funds that would aid in the purchase.
Troy originally made an offer to Grand/Sakwa for $550,000 in November, which sparked a condemnation lawsuit in December when Grand/Sakwa didn't respond. Oakland County Circuit Judge Leo Bowman dismissed the case on Feb. 21 because the appraisal was based on land valuations in 2010, when the site was still undeveloped.
The new offer reflects more current land values. If Grand/Sakwa takes it, Troy reclaims land that the Michigan Court of Appeals found had reverted to Grand/Sakwa in June 2010, and presumably the center that was completed last fall can finally open.
If the developer refuses, within a few weeks, the city could take Grand/Sakwa back to court.


text:
DIY Simple Platform Bird Feeder Project
Updated: Sep. 14, 2023
This budget-friendly DIY simple platform bird feeder will attract cardinals, chickadees, woodpeckers, mourning doves and more.
Simple bird feeders like this one, called platform feeders, are one of the most popular options for attracting backyard birds. You could easily spend $50, $75 or more to buy one, but don't waste your money. Our DIY platform bird feeder is easy to make and will probably cost you less than a large bag of bird seed.
Discover the 3 types of seeds and feeders birds love best.
DIY Platform Bird Feeder Materials:
- 4 pieces of rough cedar, cut to 15/16 x 2 x 9-1/16 inches
- 4 pieces of molding strips, cut to 1/2 x 3/4 x 9-1/4 inches
- 1 10 x 10-inch piece of aluminum screen
- 8 1-1/2-inch panel nails
- 16 1-inch panel nails
- 4 8mm or 1/2-inch eye screws
- 4 10-inch-long pieces of No. 16 jack chain (chain for hanging plants)
- 1 link of chain about 1-1/4 inch long (larger chain for hanging plants)
- Exterior wood glue
- Scissors
- Ruler
- Needle-nose pliers
- Duct tape
- Hammer
- Drill
- 1/16-inch drill bit
- Handsaw
Step-By-Step Instructions:
Step 1
Once the wood and screen are cut to size, assembly is pretty simple. The finished feeder will be 10 inches wide, 10 inches long and 2-3/4 inches high. The first step is to glue the four pieces of cedar together to make a square box (see diagram). Wipe off any glue that may have oozed out the sides, then allow to dry. Hammer in two 1-1/2-inch panel nails at each intersection to help reinforce the glue.
Step 2
Determine which side you would like to be the top. Place the frame bottom-side-up on your work surface, then center the aluminum screen on top of it. You can use a staple gun to attach the screen to make it easier to handle, but it is not necessary.
Step 3
Place the molding strips on top of the screen, again forming a box, overlapping the joints of the feeder to add strength. Hammer four of the 1-inch panel nails, evenly spaced, along each side to secure the molding and screen to the base of the feeder.
Step 4
Turn the feeder over so the screen is closest to your work surface. With a ruler, determine the center of each side and mark it with a pencil or by making an indentation with an eye screw.
Using a 1/16-inch drill bit, drill a pilot hole no deeper than 1/4 inch in the center of each side. This hole will help prevent the wood from splitting when you attach the eye screw.
Screw in the eye screw to each side using the pilot holes. You may need to use a pair of needle-nose pliers to help you turn the eye screw. Put a piece of duct tape on the end of the pliers if you find it is scratching the metal.
Step 5
Attach one 10-inch length of chain to each eye screw, using the pliers to open and close the links. Attach the end of each 10-inch chain to the larger link to make the hanger. Then hang and wait for your feathered friends to arrive!
Next, learn why backyard birds love black oil sunflower seeds.


text:
Many thanks to SWLing Post contributor, The Professor, who shares the following review of the RFA200 external ferrite antenna:
A Quick Review of the RFA200
The Professor
I've considered saying something here about RFA200, as I bought one of these not long after its existence was announced on this blog a few months ago, but I've been hesitating because I didn't have much good to say about it. A couple of times I've placed it up snug up against the the top of the two Tecsun sets I have handy (the PL-310ET and the PL-880) and found that despite a lot of knob turning it had little or no effect on improving signal on medium wave stations. I was not impressed.
But I guess I've kind of changed my mind on that. And oh yeah, I bought another radio. It's funny how you can talk yourself into things when you're talking someone else into something. But after I had mentioned to a reader here the other day that the very inexpensive Tecsun R-9012 was a worthy analog DX portable, I decided to drop twenty and pick one up for myself. After all, it was about the same price as a fancy Brooklyn hamburger. It arrived a couple days ago.
So, I have been playing with it a bit over the last few days. It's as good as the other ones I've had which are the same basic radio (I'd mentioned that the bandswitch slider broke in a couple of mine). It's single conversion. The bandwidth is a little wide, but it's a very sensitive and simple analog set.
Yesterday I was going through the AM band and remembered that ferrite from Greece, and I pulled it out recalling that in my experience some radios are more susceptible to reception improvements using passive loops than others. Maybe this ferrite bar might be similar. And sure enough, the antenna made a notable difference this time. By placing it up against the R-9012 and tuning the thing I could certainly increase signal a bit. And I could even see it in the slight brightening or steadiness of the tuning light.
So, not a total waste money after all. I would emphasize that the difference in reception doesn't seem to be as dramatic or sustaining as you might hear with a tunable loop antenna next to your radio. But it's not junk either. Then again, for fifty dollars shipped it is a little pricey. Twice as much as a Tecsun tunable loop antenna, and two and half times more expensive than the R-9012 itself.
I found the best way to use this antenna is to tune the radio separately first and when you find a weaker signal you want to improve physically go ahead and rotate the radio until the signal is strongest and THEN put the antenna along the top of the radio and adjust the tuning knob on the antenna. Focus in on strengthening the signal you actually hear, going back and forth until it gets strongest. If you seem to be pulling up other stations it's because the antenna adjustment will bring in adjacent stronger stations if you move it too far either way.
I'm surely not able to pin down the science involved in exactly how these things work, but perhaps somebody can chime in on this. I'm wondering if analog radio tuning in particular is better suited to the use of these tunable passive antennas, as opposed to PLL and DSP radios?
If you buy one of these be prepared to wait. At least mine took weeks to get here from Greece. And don't expect miracles. But it seems rather well constructed, and will probably work with some radios. The seller has a 100% rating on eBay and has all sorts of interesting antennas for sale. I'm glad to see people succeeding in that business.
Many thanks, Prof, for sharing your fine review of the RFA200! Thanks for also mentioning the Tecsun R9012–I purchased one a couple years ago with the intention of reviewing it, then gave it to teenager who expressed interest in shortwave. I don't think I actually put it on the air myself. I do enjoy simple old school analog radio–especially when making band scans.


text:
Uncommon Folk: Traditions in American Art January 31–May 4, 2014 Milwaukee Art Museum
The unprecedented selection of paintings, drawings, sculptures, photographs, textiles, and furniture featured in this exhibition offers unexpected beauty, power, whimsy, and wonder. The authentically American artistic expression identified in the work of folk and self-taught artists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries gave American art its own voice separate from the classical European style that dominated the art world at the time. These artists, operating outside the art establishment, created work that was influenced by their communities and cultural traditions, rather than by art historical movements.
Uncommon Folk: Traditions in American Art celebrates this independent streak in American art and highlights the full depth and breadth of the Museum's world-class collection of folk and self-taught art, from nineteenth-century drawings to contemporary quilts from Gee's Bend, Alabama. Some of the works included were created within the cultural traditions of a particular geographic area in the United States. Charley Kinney's paintings take folk tales from the Appalachian Mountains as their subjects, while José Benito Ortega's sculpture is carved in the santos tradition of the Southwest. Other traditions are rooted in the function of an object, such as walking sticks and decoys, and are represented by both historical and contemporary examples. Among the works that will be shown for the first time are a bevy of fish decoys and the eight-foot-tall drawing Crucifixion of Christ by Chicago artist Charles Steffen.
The Museum's commitment to the work of folk and self-taught artists began as early as 1951 with the gift of two paintings by Wisconsin artist Anna Louisa Miller. During the 1960s and 1970s, when very few American museums were acquiring folk and self-taught art, the Museum's collection was significantly expanded with the purchase of a number of important works, including a major group of Shaker furniture. In 1989 the generous gift of the Michael and Julie Hall Collection of American Folk Art positioned the Museum as a leader in the folk and self-taught field, a position further established with the more recent gifts of the Anthony Petullo Collection and the Lanford Wilson Collection.


text:
Evil Jesus
Evil Jesus, the Messiah to all evil, not-so-evil, and irritable people, is the kind of Messiah who starts a brawl and then stands back to videotape the show. He's the type of Saviour who complains about your favorite movie while his guys lift your wallet. And contrary to popular belief, he is not a friend to the poor. He couldn't care less about them.
Yet Evil Jesus is talented in a twisty sort of way. He is responsible for all supernatural events. Ouija boards, psychic mediums, hauntings, out-of-body and in-the-body experiences, and all other unnatural end-around's are Evil Jesus' bread and butter. Because of this, many poets and journalists confuse Evil Jesus with the Anti-Christ. Yet he is very much the opposite of both Christ and antichrist. He's a veritable metaphysical Houdini!
Evil Jesus was born October 12th in 0 BC to 13-year old Holy Milf Mary and her 85-year old boyfriend, Joey. They told everyone that God had humped Mary. They didn't want the authorities to come down on "Pedo Joe". But they didn't need to worry, because soon after Jesus was born Joey drank himself to death on a bet.
With Joe dead and kind-of-buried, things starting to go south, so Mary had to sell herself on the mean streets of Nazereth to provide food and shelter for herself and Evil Jesus. They actually lived happily-ever-after for 16 years until Mary was just plum tuckered out and worn down to the nub. Evil Jesus, complaining every step of the way, then had to get off the couch and provide the food and shelter. Yet after trying for at least two hours to find various sources of income, tired and hungry and not doing very well, he started practicing his father's noble profession: Drinking. It took many days for Evil Jesus to learn its ancient secrets, but he soon mastered it even better than his old man.
That's all we know about Evil Jesus' childhood and teen years, except for that time when he was separated from his mother, wandered into the Temple, and gathered together the most learned, respected, and bespeckled Rabbis in the land. The greybeards said that they had fervently prayed for the day that a messiah would arrive to teach them an inherent wisdom - a wisdom tempered to a fine edge by His unique philosophical discoveries and life experiences. "Verily," said Evil Jesus, and commenced mesmerizing them with his bartending skills.
When Evil Jesus turned 21 in 21 he got drunk, saddled up a donkey with the skin of an endangered species, tied some palm leaves onto it to impress the ladies and yokels, and rode out of town. For many years he drank, rode his donkey, and sunned himself on the hillsides of Judea. Finally, when he turned 33, he decided to get a real job and started to stagger around and teach people.
Evil Jesus is baptized[edit]
As was the habit in the ancient world, whenever a guy was going to go out and talk about holy or unholy stuff, he first had to pass through the water park run by Evil Jesus' cousin, Evil John the Baptist. John pulled in his dough by dunking people into a pool and saying a few words over them to let God know they were now working for him. He'd then send these religious entertainers over to his squeeze, Evil Tiffany, who'd collect 10 coupons for the baptism and point the newly born-again mimic to the water slide.
Evil Jesus showed up there one day, bottle in hand, yelling to be baptized. Evil John grabbed him, dunked him into the water head first, and stole a few swigs from Evil Jesus' bottle. Once submerged, Evil Jesus peed on Evil John's leg, farted a bubble up into Evil John's face, and swam away underwater while Evil John chased him all the way to the deep end. Evil Jesus climbed out of the pool, gave the Baptist the finger, and got away with the day's receipts. Thus his ministry was born.
His ministry and parables[edit]
Evil Jesus would wander drunkenly into town and knock on the doors of the unsuspecting. He'd then either push his way in to gather up the wine, or be rebuffed and have to fight the homeowners for the bottle. Bloodied, with one eye sometimes hanging from its socket, the homeowners gave him their wine and told him to get off their property. Jesus wept. From laughter.
The parable of the coat and the hat[edit]
A scribe, passing by a public park where Evil Jesus lay passed out, noticed the multitudes gathered around him. Some were going through His pockets, while others pointed to the puke caked on His sandals. Evil Jesus awoke, scratched himself, and began to speak:
"Getahellaway from me, whajthehelldoyouthinkyouse doing? Let me tell you a story, little missy. A rich man was riding ona camel oneday, and came upon two weavers. One was weaving a coat for a poor man, the other was weaving a hat of lotsofdifferent colours, enuf colours to bedazzzlllee, bedazzle, the ladies. Soon the coat was finished, and the poor man who woreitgot to survive one of the coldest nights in history. On that same night, let me tells ya, on that same night the man in the fancy hat, this guy who just wanted to impress the ladies, froze to death in the street. A Temple Priest then took the hat off the fancy man's corpse, and gave it to the poor man with the coat. The moral of this story, youwannaknowwhatitis? The lion will somday laydown withda lamb. Or at least the lambsbones, where the good marrow is. In otterwords, grab all you can from a corpse, 'cause they ain't gonna use anyofit nomore. Now get away from me."
This parable, found in a biblical-era whiskey cask uncovered by an earthquake in the holy land in 1886, has inspired millions.
The parable of the skeleton and the tiny girl[edit]
A related parable was dictated to a doctor named Luke, and, after being lost for two millenium, was sold for a quarter at a 1947 garage sale:
Evil Jesus spoke to the assembled, and told them of a skeleton in the Sinai desert. "This skeleton yousee, it wasjus' a lyin there, in the sand, all covered with gnats and hardtack. Then this itty bitty teeny weeny little girl, this wisp of a thing, let's call 'er Rita, came by an' started to kick the bones allovertheplace. The tiny girl laughed and kicked, kicked and laughed, and when a guy in a traveling caravan tried to stop'er, she just hit him with a rib and bounced the skull off his camel. He rode on, and the girl kept kickin' the skeleton around. The moral of this story, youwannaknowwhatitis? "Don't gin up phony controversy. Cause if you can't let a littlegirl kick a man when he's down without bothering her, whodoya think you are?".
The parable of the guy with lots and lots of money[edit]
"Onceupons atime," said Evil Jesus to some people on the street, "there's this guy, see. And this guy had lots and lots and LOTS of money, more money than Ican count in a MONTH! Youdon' believe me? Distrue! And then someone comes to'is door, and the guy opens it, see, and theother guy asks him for a few pieces of silber. Silfer. Sil-ver, a few pieces of silver. And the rich guy, he slamsthedoor in the other guy's face! Rightin'his face! The moral of this story, youwannaknowwhatitis? Ifyou have enough money for people to come'round askin you for some, hire someone to send them aways. Oneof your wife's cousins or something. Spread it aroun',ya know whatImean?"
His apostles and other stragglers[edit]
Evil Jesus had taken keen notice of the priests and rabbi's and a few of the random prophets around town. He saw that their crowds tended to give them money and food. So he rounded up a few guys from the bars, sobered them up, gave them a few minutes of instruction, and swore them in as his apostles. Then Evil Jesus and his new peeps walked from village to village, spreading the good news, healing the poor of their belongings, and breaking into people's houses as a group to grab the wine and swipe the non-nailed down valuables.
The smelliest guy in the group, a nimble-fingered tax collector name of Matthew, wrote about Jesus' gang in his so-called gospel). He related how when the authorities questioned Jesus about the break-ins, a lot of weight was given to Evil Jesus's denials. "Had nothing to do with it, better late than seldom," he'd say, and his posse would break up and back him up. But whenever Evil Jesus' ministry came to town the simple folk would still hide their stuff and hurry their daughters into the woods, for the arrival of the charismatic psychopathic preacher never failed to cause much wailing and gnashing of teeth.
Healing of the sick[edit]
Rumors spread that Evil Jesus could heal the sick, restore sight to the blind, and give that ingrown toenail a run for its money. Thus he obtained a following of selfish bastards.
They'd pester him on the street, follow him into communal outhouses, and even tap him on the shoulder in the middle of his many visits to the communal whorehouses in Jerusalem. "Heal me, heal me, no, me first" they'd pitifully cry and shove. Evil Jesus would stop what he was doing, slurringly order them to "Kneeldownhere before me", and give them a swift boot directly on the top of their head and then another - to complete the double-tap - squarely in their baby maker. "Now go, and sin sommore" he'd yell as he poured whiskey down their throats and shoved them roughly out the door.
Confusing the adrenaline rush they'd gotten from that kick in the balls with the Holy Ghost filling them with spirit - a concussional side-effect called "seeing stars" without being given a glimpse of heaven - and confusing the quick mellowing rush of whiskey to the brain with the touch of an angel, these newly converted outpatients would wander off, oxygen deprived, drunk and disorienated, to spread the word.
Thus Evil Jesus' reputation grew, along with his bartab.
Loave and fishheads[edit]
One day Evil Jesus awoke on an outcropping west of the Sea of Galilee, and saw a multitude of people mulling about. "Whatdaya got ta eat?" he asked them. The only guy who had anything took out a loaf of bread and two tiny fishheads. Evil Jesus grabbed them, gobbled 'em down, and threw rocks at guy and the crowd until they dispersed. "Freeloadin'sonsabitches, gettahelloutahere!" and "Beat ya plowshares inta tinier plowshares. You can'tmakedis stuffup," he was heard to mumble before falling unconscious again.
The incident became legendary, although somewhat distored in the telling.
Water into wine[edit]
After dazing his enemies with his martial arts, Evil Jesus uses his finishing move, turning all the water in his opponents' body into wine and drinking them.
When Evil Jesus Rose from the dead[edit]
One day after a hearty meal and a food fight, Evil Jesus fooled everyone by letting some rubes in priest uniforms grab him, tie him up, and put him on trial. He thought the whole thing was a hoot. Putting on a clown suit and spraying the priests with water from a fake flower in his lapel, Evil Jesus, after negotiating for 40% of the crucifixion's beer concession, told the judges to "Bring it on". They soon convicted Evil Jesus of being the son of God, a charge which Evil Jesus answered by laughing until he was bent over and red in the face.
Dragging Evil Jesus into the courtyard, the Priest's enforcers whipped and beat him until his skin was frayed down to the bone. Evil Jesus just asked for more. "Hit me again," he cried, "Yeah, over there, a few inches to the right. Yeah, that's it". The beating continued until the slack-jawed priests made Evil Jesus carry a piece of driftwood up a hill, and nailed his hands to it ("Nail my middle fingers up separately," he told them, and then laughed even louder when they fell for it). Evil Jesus made book on how long he'd hang there before giving up the ghost, and the crowds cheered and counted down the hours.
Well, Evil Jesus died that day, filled with glee and liquor. When they buried him in his clown suit, little sounds kept coming out his mouth. "Jeep", the sounds said. "Geese. Rollin. Klooff," and a chuckle or two. The rubes locked him in his crypt and got the hell out of there.
As everyone knew he would, after a few days - on Ease-her Sunday ("Ooooh! He is risen!") - Evil Jesus got up and walked away, good as new and rarin' to get drunk and dance with a whore. He spent that evening at Ruby's establishment down by the River Jordan, and everyone laughed like the dickens when Ruby's girls fought over who'd be the first to touch the hem of his garment.
Pity them, and feed them table scraps. If you are still confused about which one you want... then you're fucking retarded, bitch! | |
Bad Jesii | |
All Jesii wrapped into no-one: Atheist Jesus | Sabbath Night Fever: The Bee-Jesus |
Piss Christ: Ewww! | You crack my back, I'll crack yours: Chiropractor Jesus |
Evil Jesus: Careful of this Jesus | "Promoting God's chain of Churches": McJesus |
Prehistoric Jesus: The find of the century | Djesus: French Jesus |
The real reason Christ was crucified: Jesus of Jerusalem | And for anyone we've missed out on: Society of Jesus |


text:
If you prefer the soup to be 100% Vegetarian, you can substitute vegetable stock for the chicken stock. I prefer to serve with toasted sourdough. A swirl of cream will make this look nicer and taste richer.
Pea and Leek Soup
Author: Julie Irvine
Recipe type: Soup
Cook time:
Total time:
- 3 baby leeks, sliced
- 1-1/2 c. boiling water
- 1 c. petits pois (peas), frozen
- 1 tbsp chives, chopped
- 1 tsp olive oil
- 1 tbsp chicken stock
- 1 tbsp cider vinegar
- salt & black pepper
- Place the baby leeks in a small saucepan with the olive oli until the leeks are soft. Add the rest of the ingredients except for the chives, setting them aside.
- Simmer until the peas are cooked through. Add the chives to the pan & use a hand blender to blend until smooth, or your preferred consistency.
- Serve with warm bread.
Photo Courtesy of M. King on Flickr


text:
Premium Italian quick-service restaurant Fazoli's, ranked No. 2 overall among large national fast-food chains in the Zagat Survey, has unveiled a new food court prototype. The 700-square-foot design was developed to accommodate a variety of nontraditional locations, such as airport, college, mall, and military base food courts. The turnkey format can accommodate both on-site and off-site prep kitchens.
The new design places all meal preparation in front of the customer, rather than behind the scenes in a kitchen. Everything from pastas to salads can be prepared within three and a half minutes, says Craig Sherwood, vice president of franchise development.
"This is a unique concept because our fresh pastas, sandwiches, and salads are made to order in a presentation setting," Sherwood says. "People want to see the freshness of the food and want to customize their orders."
Sherwood added the chain is seeing a surge in interest from nontraditional operators. "With this new design, Fazoli's now has a prototype to meet their needs, allowing them to offer their guests a fresh alternative to other concepts."
Load King, a full-service national store package company, produced the all-inclusive design and build-out packages. Load King's customers include Starbucks, AMC Theatres, and Red Mango, among others. "It's a turnkey package, from architectural design and manufacturing to equipment consolidation and build-out. Our franchisees will benefit from Load King's expertise," Sherwood says.
As in Fazoli's traditional and travel center locations, customers will be able to create their own pasta combinations by choosing the pasta, sauce, and toppings they want or can order a standard dish. A wide selection of hot sandwiches, new flatbread melts, personal-sized pizzas, and fresh-chopped salads also will be served.


text:
Indy is handcrafted with fur felt and finished with a braided and cut leather detail and feather. Feathers will vary slightly and will be carefully coordinated to your hat. Also available in camel, pearl, and light grey.
Designed for both men and women.
Please contact us directly for inquiries about larger or smaller sizes. See our sizing guide here.
If we have your hat in stock, we will ship it immediately. If we do not currently have it in stock, it takes an average of 2 weeks, with some specialty hats taking up to 4 weeks. Feel free to contact us for availability and expedited shipping options if you need the hat by a certain date. No returns, exchanges only. More information about Returns & Shipping here.
Felt colors may appear slightly different on your monitor. Order worry-free by requesting complimentary color swatches first. Request a swatch here.
3" brim. 3.5" crown height.


text:
If there's one thing we pride ourselves in here at Supersonicsoul, it's our brutal honesty. And the brutal, honest truth is I stopped watching this game at halftime:
LOS ANGELES (AP) -- Bobby Simmons scored a career-high 30 points and the Los Angeles Clippers beat the Seattle SuperSonics 114-84 to win their season opener for the first time in eight years.Not only was it a Clippers record, but it was the worst opening night loss for The Sonics since 1977.
The win also was the most lopsided in an opener in franchise history for the Clippers. Their previous most one-sided victory to start a season was a 133-112 win over Milwaukee in 1976, when the Clippers were the Buffalo Braves.
Read the rest at Yahoo!
Still, I feel a little bad for turning the game off. I should've been there for the team on opening night. When the team's down to the Clippers by a couple dozen, though, and you just got the Buffy: Season Five box set from the library... I mean, really, which would you rather watch?
(If anyone out there DID actually watch the entire game, please share your thoughts. It's part of the healing process.)


text:
As it turns out, bees like caffeine. Maybe that's why they buzz…
Bees, as we know, are important for pollination and help ensure plant species survival. Apparently, as with humans, caffeine is attractive to bees in moderate levels, but it's toxic in high levels. Is this nature's way of getting bees addicted to certain plants?
Bees Self-Regulate Their Caffeine
Given a choice, bees will select mildly caffeinated nectar over non-caffeinated nectar. Bees also prefer nectar with some nicotine, another stimulant that can be toxic to other insects and animals. But when levels of caffeine and nicotine are higher than found in nature, these substances become toxic to bees.
In 2010, the University of Haifa released a study indicating bees prefer nectar with small amounts of caffeine. Floral nectars vary in their concentration of sugars and other substances. Caffeine amounts vary, too, and are most highly concentrated in citrus flowers; grapefruit flowers have about six times the caffeine as other citrus – and bees find citrus, especially grapefruit, to be quite fetching.
Researchers offered bees artificial nectars with varying levels of natural sugars, caffeine and nicotine, alongside "clean" nectar that comprised sugar alone. The caffeine and nicotine ranged from typical concentrations found naturally, to high concentrations not found in nature.
Bees clearly preferred nectar containing nicotine and caffeine to the "clean" nectar, but only when concentrations were similar to those found in nature. Given the choice of higher levels of caffeine and nicotine versus clean nectar, the bees preferred the clean nectar.
Do Bees Get Hooked on Caffeine?
"This could be an evolutionary development intended, as in humans, to make the bee addicted," states Prof. Ido Izhaki, one of the researchers who conducted the study.
So did addictive (or addictive-like) substances in nectar evolve to make pollination more likely and efficient? Based on the results of the study, researchers surmise the plants that raced to the top of the natural-selection class are ones who developed "correct" levels of these addictive substances. They hit the sweet spot, enabling them to attract bees but not repel them, thereby giving them a significant advantage over other plants. The researchers emphasized that this study has proved a preference, not addiction, and they are examining whether bees do indeed become addicted to nicotine and caffeine.
- Nicotine is found naturally in floral nectar at a concentration of up to 2.5 milligrams per liter, primarily in various types of tobacco tree (Nicotiana glauca).
- Caffeine is found at concentration levels of 11-17.5 milligrams per liter, mostly in citrus flowers, (and of course in coffee, tea and cacao plants).
- In the nectar of grapefruit flowers, however, caffeine is present in much higher concentrations, reaching 94.2 milligrams per liter.
- For comparison, an 8-ounce cup of coffee contains about 100 milligrams of caffeine.
Turning to Bee Brains for Answers
Interestingly, the report above led to a more recent study, announced in 2013, which shows that naturally caffeinated nectar enhances the bees' learning process. In other words, caffeine trains bee brains to come back for more.
Bee Brains Remember the Buzz
In this study, caffeine improved the bees' ability to remember and locate a caffeinated scent; it triggered brain activities involved with memory and olfactory learning. (Other studies on humans show caffeine improves some forms of memory, can be habit-forming, and activates the reward centers of our brains. I've also observed that just the smell of coffee puts people in a better mood.)
Essentially, the plant uses caffeine as a drug to change a pollinator's behavior – for the plant's own benefit. Geraldine Wright is a honeybee brain specialist – yes, there is such a thing – at Newcastle University in England. She and her colleagues reported their findings in Science (March 2013).
No Tiny Swizzle Sticks?
In the experiments, the plants stir up a sort of nectar-cocktail of chemicals, ones that the bees like and remember; in this case it's a cocktail splashed with caffeine.
"The trick here is actually to influence the memorability of the signal using a psychoactive drug. And that's a new trick in the book for plants," said Dr. Lars Chittka, a bee researcher (not involved in Wright's study), as reported in the New York Times.
It's a win-win situation: plants serve their customers tasty nectar, and their customers pollinate the species. The tastier the nectar, the more the bees return to that species of plant.
In Dr. Wright's lab, caffeine appeared to have a notable effect on memory, and this affected the bees' behavior. The researchers tested the bees using sugar water – plain and caffeinated – as the rewards. As the New York Times reports:
"If you put a low dose of caffeine in the reward when you teach them this task, and the amount is similar to what we drink when we have weak coffee, they just don't forget that the odor is associated with the reward," she said. After 24 hours, three times as many bees remembered the connection between odor and reward if the reward contained caffeine. After 72 hours, twice as many remembered. They then tested the effect of caffeine on neurons in the bee brain and found that its action could lead to more sensitivity in neurons called Kenyon cells, which are involved in learning and memory. Dr. Wright said that this was one plausible route for enhancing memory, but was not definitive."
The results go beyond whether bees prefer caffeine to decaf. The bees learned to like and want caffeine, and even just the odor triggered a response. According to researchers, this appears to confirm the notion that brain chemistry has intrinsic similarities across the animal kingdom. It is, as one scientist said, "like learning the language of the brain."
It doesn't mean caffeine sparks the same memory and learning reactions in humans, but it might.
For more on this topic, check out:
- Caffeine in Floral Nectar Enhances a Pollinator's Memory of Reward
- Nectar That Gives Bees a Buzz Lures Them Back for More (New York Times)
The study's summary:
Caffeine improves memory in humans, millions of whom find that their daily dose enhances clarity, focus, and alertness. The human relationship with caffeine is relatively recent, however, and thus its impact on our brains is likely a by-product of its true ecological role. Caffeine occurs naturally in the floral nectar of Coffea and Citrus plants. Wright et al. (p. 1202; see the Perspective by Chittka and Peng) found that caffeine presented at naturalistic levels significantly improved the ability of bees to remember and locate a learned floral scent and potentiated the responses of neurons involved in olfactory learning and memory.
(I'm not sure I agree that the human-caffeine relationship is relatively recent; other scientists suggest caffeine may have been part of our evolution since early man. But daily, widespread caffeine use in our species is certainly more recent.)


text:
San Antonio Water System is a values-based organization that believes in diversity in all aspects of our business.
From managing a long-term water plan that diversifies our water supply to support the growth of small, minority- and women-owned businesses, SAWS is committed to developing ideas and programs that provide solid opportunities for the community.
At SAWS, we attract and retain the finest individuals whose diverse talents drive innovation. We recognize that differences in race, ethnicity, religion, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, nationality, physical ability or any characteristic protected by law, enrich and empower our work environment.
Our high-performing, diverse team of experts enhances partnerships and business relationships every day. Together, they create a productive workforce that will help move us closer to our vision – to be leaders in delivering responsible water services for life.
We respectfully infuse diversity in our daily work lives with the knowledge that people from a variety of backgrounds and life experiences make connections that make SAWS a success.
Robert R. Puente
SAWS President/CEO


text:
Technical Infomation
Format: NTSC
Dvd: Dvd 9 Dual Layer
Video: Mpeg 2
Audio: Dolby Digital AC3
Audio Channels: 2
Aspect Ratio: 4:3
Resolution: 720×480 px
Format: NTSC
Region code: All Countries
Special Features: Interactive Menus, Scene Selections
Eun Jae and Hyung Woo are both highly competent lawyers who met and fell in love at first sight without knowing each other's occupations, but are now in the midst of their divorce proceedings. Their relationship was initially sweet and loving, but their marriage slowly began to crack under their constant fights.
What would happen if two lawyers are getting divorce? How would be the proceeding? Looking at the two couples in the show, we can see some common traits. Both their weddings and divorces were hasty decisions. But their divorce settlement gets very long and nasty! In this feud, they try to outsmart each other through lies. Since they are the ones getting divorced, they find it hard to maintain a professional outlook on the divorce proceeding despite being seasoned lawyers. Their personal feelings get in the way after handling numerous divorce proceedings for clients. What will happen to those two married couples as they fight each other in court?


text:
In a meeting with Wavel Ramkalawan, President of the Republic of Seychelles, the UAE President Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan discussed bilateral relations and how they can be strengthened and developed based on the development priorities of the two friendly countries, particularly trade, investment, tourism, and others. At the State House in Victoria, President Ramkalawan welcomed President Sheikh Mohamed.
The meeting began with Wavel Ramkalawan welcoming Sheikh Mohamed and his delegation. Seychelles was assisted by the UAE during the COVID-19 pandemic and the UAE has provided strong support to his country in many development areas. During his visit, Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed expressed his gratitude for the warm welcome and hospitality, and highlighted the friendly relations between the UAE and Seychelles, as well as advancements in various vital fields benefiting both countries.


text:
Items where Author is "Abah, G."
Group by: Item Type | No Grouping Number of items: 1. Abah, S. E. and Oranusi, S. U. and Abah, G. and Taiwo, O. S. (2010) Potentials of Wild Strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae as Probiotic in Gastroenteritis. World Journal of Dairy & Food Sciences, 5 (2). pp. 160-163. ISSN 1817-308X |


text:
0Catch.com |
Tech Support DatabaseAnswer: ============================= Question:What file extensions do you allow?Answer:We allow all file extensions to be uploaded and downloaded if you have a paid account. If you have a free account, you may not have download sites. If you have very many files extensions that are for download purposes, your site will be removed. You may have a few .zip files, music files, etc. to use with your site. Free accounts may not have files over 1mb. |
© Copyright. . 0Catch. All Rights Reserved. Terms | Site Map


text:
Aperiodic crystals in low dimensions
2016.05.10 18:55
날짜 | 2016-05-13 13:30 |
일시 | May 13 (Fri.), 1:30 PM |
장소 | E6. #1501(1st fl.) |
연사 | Dr. Young-Woo Son, Dept. of Physics, KIAS |
Aperiodic crystals in low dimensions
May 13 (Fri.), 1:30 PM, E6. #1501(1st fl.)
Dr. Young-Woo Son, Dept. of Physics, KIAS
The cylindrical multishell structure is one of the prevalent atomic arrangements in nanowires. Being multishell, the well-defined atomic periodicity is hardly realized in it because the periodic units of individual shells therein generally do not match except for very few cases, posing a challenge to understanding its physical properties. Here we show that moire patterns generated by superimposing atomic lattices of individual shells are decisive in determining its electronic structures. Double-walled carbon nanotubes, as an example, are shown to have spectacular variations in their electronic properties from metallic to semiconducting and further to insulating states depending on their moire patterns, even when they are composed of only semiconducting nanotubes with almost similar energy gaps and diameters. Thus, aperiodic multishell nanowires can be classified into one-dimensional moire crystals with distinct electronic structures.
Contact: Eun Gook Moon, Physics Dept., (firstname.lastname@example.com)


text:
Solvepoint is the go-to technology and services provider for maximizing business performance. We help market leaders deliver enterprise-class systems that strengthen their competitive advantage and bewilder the competition.
Iron Mountain, the world leader in records and information management, uses Solvepoint EagleIQ to drive its main customer facing search and order processing system called the Record Center. Since 1951, Iron Mountain has been the partner that thousands of companies choose to store, manage, and protect records, media, and electronic data in any format for any length of time. EagleIQ enables Record Center users to quickly access these terabytes of data… (more)
AstraZeneca, a world-leader in the pharmaceutical industry, turned to Solvepoint to help design and implement its next generation forecasting system, an important piece of AstraZeneca's business strategy. AstraZeneca's efforts in medicine research and production (including Nexium, Rhinocort and Crestor) are vast, and the company is committed to developing treatment options for some of the most debilitating diseases, improving patient lives around the world… (more)