text:
The information reflects the situation up to 1 January 2014. Updates are made based on subsequent developments as soon as FRA is aware of a change.
If you have any feedback on the data we would be happy to receive your comments by email at: email@example.com.
The map below shows the age requirements for parental consent for children's participation in research in each EU Member State.
Source: FRA, 2014
The information provided below describes legal requirements and procedures for involving children in research, including in particular procedures of ethics approval and informed consent of children and their parents for all EU Member States.
Context of legal framework and ethical codes of conduct: Data Protection Act 2000[1]
Age: n/a
Consent: In social research - Children might participate in surveys provided that the child's parent has given his/her consent[2]
Role of children: n/a
Role of parents: n/a
Institutions: n/a
Ethical approval: n/a
Other sources: [3] [4] [5] [6]
Context of legal framework and ethical codes of conduct: Law of 8 December 1992 on the protection of privacy in relation to the processing of personal data [7]
Consent: n/a
Schools: When parents are not involved in the carrying out of the research, the director, vice-director or teacher will provide the consent in place of the parents. This consent will also not always be given in a written form, as there is no general consensus on how consent should be given [8]
Other sources: [9]
Context of legal framework and ethical codes of conduct: Child Protection Act [10]; Ethical Code for the People Working with Children [11]; Ethical Code of the Bulgarian Media [12] ; Protection of Personal Data Act, art 5 [13]
Consent: Non-Obligatory: researchers have to inform the family and involve children in the decision-making process. Every child has the right to freedom of expression of opinion and the right to formulate own views and to freely express them [11]
Role of children: When the child is over 14, his/her consent is needed [10]
Role of parents: Current practice - Parental consent is always needed [14]
Schools: n/a
Institutions: Social Assistance Department (which is the body that officially applies measures applied to children at risk by the Child Protection Departments subordinated to the Social Assistance Departments) should also give written opinion if the research includes collection and dissemination of personal data
Other Sources: [15]
Context of legal framework and ethical codes of conduct: Code of Ethics for Research Involving Children [16] ; National Pedagogical Standard for Preschool Education [17], National Pedagogical Standard for Elementary Education [18], National Pedagogical Standard for Secondary Education [19]; Act on the Protection of Patients' Rights [20]
Age: < 14 parental consent
> 14, child consent [16]
Consent: Informed and obligatory
Parental consent for <14 children
>14 children consent oral or written
Duty to inform the participants of the results of the research
Role of children: Children between 7 and 14: have to be informed about the research in terms appropriate to their age
Role of parents: Parents or guardians have to be informed about the research even when parental consent is not required
Schools: Written consent from the parents of each child involved in the research Ethical approval is needed from the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports, and from the educational institution's director. Researchers have to submit a request and description of the project indicating age range of children they intend to use as subjects and submit the instrument (e.g. questionnaire) plus consent form letter
Procedure length: between three to six weeks [17] [18] [19]
Ethical approval: Approval needed from the relevant institutional ethics committee [16]
Other Sources: [21]
Context of legal framework and ethical codes of conduct: Operational guidelines of the Cyprus National Bioethics Committee (CNBC) [22]; Centre of Educational Research and Evaluation (CERE), Guidelines for the submission of the online application [23]
Consent: Practice - Parental written consent form and child's opinion should be respected [24]
Role of children: Practice - Child opinion should be respected
Schools: Practice - Written consent is required from the student's parents, when a study is conducted in public schools. Obligatory approval is needed from the Directorates of the Ministry of Education and Culture (MoEC) through the Center of Educational Research and Evaluation (CERE). The whole approval procedure may take four to five weeks. After the completion of the research study, the researcher has to submit a summary of the results to the MoEC. [23] [25]
Institutions: Approval needed from the Director of Social Welfare Services (replacing parental consent) [26]
Context of legal framework and ethical codes of conduct: Ethical Framework of Research by Ministry of Education [27] , Youth and Sports Esomar guidelines [28] ; Ethical Regulations of Czech Association for Social Anthropology; Psychology, Sociology, Pedagogy
Age: Informed consent by parents for <14 [27] [28]
Consent: Non-obligatory. No regulation on the need of written informed consent but written form is preferred [27]
Role of children: Child's expression of its voluntary participation. Non-obligatory
Role of parents: Informed consent by parents/guardians. Non-obligatory
Schools: <14: Informed consent from teacher or schoolmasters. Non-obligatory for pre-school age: presence of parents or other person close to child [28]
Other Sources: [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34]
Context of legal framework and ethical codes of conduct: Act on Processing of Personal Data [35] ; Guidelines of the Danish Social Science Research Council (DSSRC) [36] ; NCHRE [37]
Consent: Non-Obligatory
Role of children: The child must receive information orally
Role of parents: The parents must receive sufficient information
Other Sources: [38]
Context of legal framework and ethical codes of conduct: Personal Data Protection Act; [39] Code on Market and Social Research (ICC/ESOMAR) [40]
Consent: Non-obligatory. The consent of the parent shall first be obtained before interviewing children. Oral consent is enough [40]
Schools: The teacher can consent. Oral consent is enough (Non-obligatory) [40]
Ethical approval: In absence of ethic committee for social research, some researchers submit applications to the medical ethics committee (Tallinn Medical Research Ethics Committee Research Ethics Committee of the University of Tartu [42] and the Tallinn Medical Research Ethics Committee [43]). The following information needs to be provided to the Commitee in Tartu: description of the research methodology that includes questionnaires and tests; an analysis of ethical aspects of the research; the information sheets for the informants and the forms of consent; list of researchers carrying out the research, their academic qualifications; information about the financing of the research [42]
Other Sources: [41]
Context of legal framework and ethical codes of conduct: Personal data Act (1999) [44] ; TENK-Recommendations from the National Advisory board on research ethics-TENK [45] ; Child Custody and Right of Access Act (362/1984) [46]
Consent: No specific provision for children. Recommendations from the National Advisory board on research ethics-TENK [44] [45]
Role of children: Researchers must always respect a children's autonomy and the principle of voluntary participation
Role of parents: No parental consent required if research is pre-school or school, no individual identification information is collected, and school principal thinks research is useful for institutions. When consent is not sought from parents, and children under 15, an ethical pre-evaluation should be conducted. Parent has the right to deny a child's participation in other than medical research [44] [45] [46]
Schools: Practice - May differ from municipality to municipality, but usually approval from local school board is necessary. Example: Helsinki region requires written consent from parents and from children (Approval of the Helsinki board takes around 1 month time) [45] [47]
Institutions: In institutional settings such as prisons, child protection institutions, hospitals, homes for the elderly and similar places, it is recommended that consent is sought from each and every subject [45]
Ethical approval: Not required for social research, but increasingly used in the fields of nursing, psychology and physical education. The ethical approval is sought through regional ethics committees. Universities and other institutions can also have their own ethical approval[45]
Other Sources: n/a
Context of legal framework and ethical codes of conduct: French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) 'Education Guide' and the 'Higher Education and Research Guide' [48] ; France, Public Health Code (Code de la santé publique), article L1122-1-1 [49] ; Code of Education (Code de l'éducation) [50]
Schools: When research is undertaken in both state and private schools, the consent of the parents or the children is never expected. However, French law requires that information on the research being conducted is provided to the families, which in turn allows them, if they wish, not to send their children to an establishment undertaking research. Students' right to prior information must be guaranteed. The survey questionnaire sent to students should mention the wording of Law No. 78-17 of 6 January 1978 relating to data protection and civil liberties [50]
Context of legal framework and ethical codes of conduct: Association of Market and Social Research Agencies - ADM guidelines
Consent: Depends on Federal States and context
Schools: In some States minors up to age of 18 written informed consent by parents Berlin only < 14; north-Rhine Westphalia also exceptions possible, e.g. that head teacher can approve Most States demand approval from respective supervisory school authority (Schulaufsichtsbehoerde), a governmental body: Obligatory [51]
Institutions: Research in juveniles detention centres (14-24); approval by responsible ministers of justice. Situation comparable to school settings in regard to federal responsibilities
Ethical approval: Ethical codes of conduct by scholarly associations (Sociology, Psychology, Education), but no remarks on research involving children Schools: no specific time frame for the procedures of approval, time-consuming, differs from state to state [52] [53] [54]
Other Sources: [55]
Context of legal framework and ethical codes of conduct: Civil Code [56] ; Personal Data Law [57] ; Hellenic Data protection authority and self-regulatory code of advertisement & communication [58] ; Code of media Ethics; Law 2619/1998 [59] , Law 3984/2011 [60]
Age: Different degrees of responsibility from 10, 14 and 15 years [56]
Role of children: Obligatory - Child consent required in school research
Role of parents: Parental consent is required when research in school, but no specification of age groups. Parental consent is required always for children with disabilities.
Schools: There is a special form on written consent for parents and children in the website of the Hellenic School Network. In cases of children with disabilities - There is in addition the approval by the Special education dept. in the Ministry of Education Approval of Ministry of Education (takes between 2 weeks and 9 months, in cases of academic research) and if sensitive data is collected, then extra permission from Hellenic Data Protection authority is necessary [61]
Institutions: Researchers apply to institutions, who forward to Ministry of Health or Ministry of Justice. If personal data are necessary, then also approval by Data Protection authority is necessary [62]
Context of legal framework and ethical codes of conduct: Act on informational self-determination and freedom of information [63] ; Codes of ethics of different Universities (psychology departments) [64]
Consent: Obligatory parental consent is required for children <16, if processing of personal data. Consent of children >16 is sufficient [63]
Role of children: Oral consent if under 14 and written consent over 14 [64][65]
Role of parents: Parental consent for children <16 Some codes of ethics in universities suggest parental consent up 18 [64], [65]
Ethical approval: Different practices according to University, usually all projects including children require ethical approval [64] [65] [66]
Context of legal framework and ethical codes of conduct: Data protection acts 1988 and 2003 [67] ; Ethical review and children's research in Ireland, Office of the Minister for Children and youth affairs (2010) [68] ; Statutory instruments N 190, 878 and 374 [69]
Age: Data protection acts with no specific reference to children [67]
Consent: No standardised regulations
Role of children: The review requires further involvement of children. The current practice gives a more prominent role to parents than to children [68]
Role of parents: Practice seems to require parental consent for children up to 18. For adolescents the need for parental consent depends from each individual ethical committee
Ethical approval: Usually a Research Ethics Committee is formed for the specific project. There are many local or issue-specific Committees in different institutions and universities. No national coordination/overseeing
Context of legal framework and ethical codes of conduct: Civil Code (1942)[70], Personal data Act (2003)[71], different deontological codes published by the National Data Protection Authority [177] and by professional associations
Age: There are several codes of ethics of professional associations
Role of children: If child ability to understand the request, then also informed consent from child is necessary (Non-Obligatory) (ibidem)
Role of parents: Informed consent of parents. Non-obligatory (ibidem)
Schools: In addition to the info above, also informed consent of headperson or principal of school: Non-obligatory (ibidem)
Context of legal framework and ethical codes of conduct: Protection of the rights of the Child Law [72]; Personal Data protection law [73] ; Code of the Latvian sociological association [74] ; Institute of Sociological Research [75] ; Code of the Latvian sociological association [76]
Consent: If personal data processing, no specifics on children, general consent of data subject. The sociological association requires parental consent for children younger than 16. According to general practice, there is no need for parental consent [72] [73] [74]
Role of children: Informed consent of all research subjects, including of children below 16 years to the extent they are able to give it [74]
Role of parents: Parental consent required for children <16, unless 1) research imposes a minimum risk to the child, or 2) the informed consent of parents is not a reasonable requirement (e.g. abused children, use of drugs) Practice: some examples of research on sensitive issues (e.g. drugs) did not require parental consent [74] [75]
Schools: Practice - Consent by school director and children. In research with children of 7 years, also parental consent [75]
Institutions: Approval of authorities and children
Ethical approval: No approval, but possibility to complain about sociologist to the Sociological Association [74]
Other Sources: [77]
Context of legal framework and ethical codes of conduct: Law on the Legal protection of Personal Data [78] ; Civil Code [79]
Age: Civil Code- Children between 14 and 18 certain capacity to act Research with children between 16 and 18 usually does not need authorisation of parents [78] [79] [80]
Consent: Practice: Written consent for children <16 [80]
Role of children: Practice: Children consent >16 Opinion of the child must be taken into account [80] [81]
Role of parents: Written consent for children <16 In most cases of psychological research, active parental consent is acquired for all children [80]
Schools: Practice - Approval from school administration or head teachers. If research does not cover sensitive data (as above) parental consent is often not required for children >16
Institutions: Example of research on sexual abuse in residential institutions: informed consent of administration of residential institutions (i.e. legal guardians)[83] For matters related to research in juvenile detention/imprisonment institutions. Practice requires permission of administration and of the child. (Prison Department under the Ministry of Justice or imprisonment institutions directly) [84]
Other Sources: [82] [85]
Context of legal framework and Ethical codes of conduct: Civil Code [88] , NCDP (National Commission for Data Protection) [86], NCER (Comité National d'Ethique et de Recherche) [90]
Age: Informed consent by parents for <14 [86]
Consent: Non-obligatory Signed consent from parents is recommended as best practice. For all children <12, recommended <14 by parents and children
Role of children: for children between 12 and 14 consent of children plus parental consent is recommended. Non-obligatory
Role of parents: Informed consent for children <14. Non-obligatory, recommended
Schools: Information to be provided - objective, contribution, anonymity, free participation, questionnaire for parents, stamped envelope [87]
Ethical approval: Obligatory ethical approval of research by national body if personal data is used. No specific information on children and age groups. Guidelines highlight ethical issues particularly addressing children and informed consent [86] [89]
Other Sources: [91] [92]
Context of legal framework and ethical codes of conduct: Data Protection Act [93] ; Criminal Code; Civil Code [94]
Age: 18, where parents jointly represent their children [94]
Consent: Parent till up to the age of 12; >12 legal representative additionally consent by children should be considered. [95] When processing personal data the consent of the parents is required for children up to 18 years.
Schools: Ethical Approval is obligatory in schools. Written consent by parents, consult with Head of Schools, right to object any request. [97]
Institutions: Children under care - Ethical approval by children and young persons' advisory board, then from child participating [98]
Ethical approval: Non-Obligatory - By UREC: 30 days By FSWS research office in case of research applications, Codes of Ethics of American Psycholgocial Association (APA), time frame can vary [95] [96]
Other Sources: [99] [100]
Context of legal framework and ethical codes of conduct: Protection of personal data act [101]; Code of conduct for research and statistics [102]
Age: Processing of personal data of children under 16 (if no "legitimate interest") requires parental approval. Over 16 children themselves is enough [101]
Consent: Processing of personal data, only with unambiguous consent of the data subject unless research sponsor possess "legitimate interest". There are several codes of conduct [101] [102]
Role of children: Consent of children over 12 in secondary school is sufficient Children between 12 and 16 should be included as much as possible [102] [103]
Role of parents: Parental consent for children between 12 and 16 Even if "legitimate interest", parents need to give approval for children under 12 to take part in research
Schools: Consent of children over 12 in secondary school is sufficient. Unless a different agreement with school authorities
Institutions: As above, unless a different agreement with institution authorities
Ethical approval: Ethical committees can be formed in different institutions. Data Protection authority supervises compliance if use of personal data, must be notified, but only requires approval in certain exceptional cases [101]
Other Sources: [104]
Context of legal framework and ethical codes of conduct: See sources [106], [109], [110], [111]
Age: Informed consent by parents for <13 [106]
Consent: Non-obligatory No regulation on the need of written informed consent but written form is preferred
Role of children: for children >13 their approval is sufficient. Non-obligatory
Role of parents: Informed consent for children <13. Non-obligatory
Schools: Written permission form head teacher, parental consent is optional in such a protected environment (in practice parental consent is usually asked for children under 13) willingness of child to participate
Ethical approval: Approval by institutional ethical committees is necessary for funding and publishing [108]
Context of legal framework and ethical codes of conduct: Law of Data Protection [113]
Consent: Individual consent for sensitive data, no specific information about children. Research tools have to consider best interest of the child, ensure clarity and adequacy according to age of child, anonymity [113] [114]
Role of children: Voluntary participation (ibidem)
Role of parents: Parental consent in a written form for children up to 18 (ibidem)
Schools: Obligatory - In case of sensitive data (see below) parents' permission beforehand Practice - Daphne project: school's consent, parents' written consent, students' willingness [116] [117] Questionnaires need to be authorised [116]
Ethical approval: Obligatory formal declaration about research signed by study supervisor [118]
Other Sources: [119] [120]
Context of legal framework and ethical codes of conduct: Law No.272/2004 on the protection and promotion of the child [121]; Article 42 of the Civil Code [122]; Regulations for the operation of the Ethics Commission of the Institute of Philosophy and Psychology "Constantin Rădulescu Motru" [123]
Age: Two categories of child: <14 lack of legal capacity Between 14 and 18 years old limited legal capacity [122]
Consent: Obligatory:Vary from an institution to another [123] [124] [125] [126]
Schools: Example of project conducted by the "Francisc I. Rainer" Institute for Anthropology of the Romanian Academy - Prior to starting the research, the school, the parents and the children are informed about the purpose and the methods of the research and the manner in which the collected data will be used, as well as the responsibilities and the rights of participants in the research. The participants' oral and written consent is secured, a partnership agreement is concluded with the institution where the study is carried out, and the (progress or final) results are communicated to those involved. In the course of sociological or educational research conducted in schools, depending on the research topic, the approval of the school Administration Board (Consiliul de Administrație) and of the parents must be sought so it is obligatory [124]
Institutions: Prior agreement of the local child protection services. Entrance in the institution can be done only with the express approval of the director of the public service dealing with child rights protection and accompanied by a representative of this public service, the signature of a declaration that all data and information obtained will be used without affecting the image or right to privacy of the child placed in foster care, and taking and using of images of the children in foster care or custody may only be done with the prior consent of the parent of the child [128]
Ethical approval: No framework code of ethics for research but many institutions adopted their own codes of ethics. Approval of the ethics committee must be sought [125]
Other Sources: [120] [127]
Context of legal framework and ethical codes of conduct: National Action Plan for Children 2009-2012; National Action Plan for Children 2013-2017 [129]
Ethical Code of Slovak Archive of Social Data; Civil Code; ESOMAR code of ethics [130]
Age: Children all up to the age of 18 [131]
Role of parents: Practice - Internal regulations of informed consent of parent [132]
Other Sources: [133] [134] [135] [136] [137]
Context of legal framework and ethical codes of conduct: Research and Development Act[138], Personal Data Protection Act[140], Patient Rights Act [141], Marriage and Family Relations Act [142], Code of Ethical Conduct and Expert Standards of Speech Therapists of Slovenia [143], Code of Professional Ethics of the Slovenian Sociological Association [144], ICC/ESOMAR International Code on Market and Social Research [146], National Medical Ethics Committee [139] , Helsinki Declaration, Oviedo Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine and additional protocols, Slovene Code of Medical Deontology [150]
Age: < 15 Parental consent > 15 Child consent (See Sources [140],[141],[142],[143]
Consent: Obligatory. Maybe be written, oral or in some other appropriate manner [141]
Role of children: < 15: no legal capacity, if not otherwise stipulated by the law. >15: partial legal capacity [140],[141],[142],[143]
Role of parents: <15: parental consent is mandatory >15: parents approval may be necessary in the specific cases depending of the nature of research and its impact on children [140],[143]
Schools: Personal data of pupils may be disseminated for the purpose of scientific research work and the preparation of statistical analyses in such a manner that the pupils concerned cannot be identified [151], [152],[153]
Ethical approval: The national medical ethics committee decides on the research proposals in the field of biomedicine as well as the research initiatives including people with mental health issues [139]
Other Sources: [145] [147] [148] [149] [154] [155] [156]
Context of legal framework and ethical codes of conduct: Ley Orgánica 15/1999, de 13 de diciembre, de Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal [157] ; Code of psychologist [158] ; Law 41/2002, Royal decree 223/2004, Law 14/2007 [159]
Consent: No regulations, only Codes of ethics of different professional organisations and international codes such as ESOMAR, ISA.
Role of children: No clarity, following international codes. Code of psychologist says parents need to be informed [158]
Role of parents: Practice - Parents not required consent in 2000 research from the Ombudsperson. Age groups covered were 12 to 16 years
Ethical approval: Universities can have their own ethical committees. Network of committees under: http://www.ub.edu/rceue/ (however it relates mostly to medical experiments and research with animals) [160]
Context of legal framework and Eehical codes of conduct: Act concerning the Ethical Review of Research involving humans [161] ; Swedish Government, The Swedish Medical Products Agency; The Data Inspection Board
Age: Children between 15-18 years are in need of extensive protection, beyond making sure that they undertake activities freely and with awareness of possible adverse consequences [161]
Consent: Obligatory parental consent for children <15
Role of children: Children consent from 15 to 18. Assessment of the level of maturity and capacity for insight is needed [161] [163]
Role of parents: For children below 15: Parents must be informed and give consent For children between 15 and 18: Child can consent but it depends on the level of maturity of the child. If the researcher's assessment is that the minor is not mature enough and does not realise what the research entails and therefore cannot agree, the researcher must turn to the parents or guardians to ask for consent [161]
Ethical approval: six regional ethics review boards (REPNs) that review research projects. Ethics review board should review a research project if any of the following conditions exist: The project entails physical encroachment on the research subject It will be conducted using a method aiming to affect the research subject physically or psychologically; It carries an obvious risk of physical or psychological harm to the research subject It entails studies on biological material that can be traced to specific individuals. [161]
Other Sources: [162]
Context of legal framework and ethical codes of conduct: Ethical guidelines published by the Medical Research Council (MRC) [164] , Framework for Research Ethics (FRE) published by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) [170] ; Market Resarch Society (MRS) [171] ; United Kingdom (1969) Family Law Reform Act 1969, s 8(1) [166] ; United Kingdom (1991) Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991, s 1 (1) and s 2 (4) [168] ; United Kingdom (1995) Children (Scotland) Act 1995, s 6(1). [169]
Age: Child <18 (General legal principles)
Consent: <16 Parental consent >16 "Gillick competent" children. Informed children consent. [166]
Role of children: Child's ability to give consent to medical treatment will depend on whether or not the child has achieved "sufficient understanding and intelligence to enable him or her to fully understand what is proposed". The emphasis placed on obtaining the informed consent of children wherever possible and, where not possible, at least securing their 'assent' to participation [164] [166]
Role of parents: see above
Schools: Good practice to seek additional consent from the child's parents [171]
Ethical approval: Researchers working with children are registered with the Independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA) and must have a clear Criminal Records Bureau (CRB). Research needs to be subject to appropriate ethics review, approval and monitoring. Approval by ethics committees necessary, e.g. via University ethics committees [170] [171]
Other Sources: [165] [167] [172] [173] [174] [175] [176]


text:
This notice describes how your health information may be used and disclosed and how you can get access to this information.
Our Pledge Regarding Your Protected Health Information
We understand that health information is personal. We are committed to protecting the privacy of health information that we create and maintain as a result of the health care we provide. Each time a student visits a healthcare provider in the University of Massachusetts Lowell Health Services, a record is made of the visit. Typically, this record contains symptoms, examination and test results, diagnoses, treatment, a plan for future care or treatment, and possibly insurance and billing information.
Our Responsibilities
We are required by law to maintain the privacy of your health information and provide you with this description of our privacy policy. We pledge to abide by the terms of the notice currently in effect. We have the right to change this policy at any time and will notify you if we cannot agree to a requested restriction.
We will post notice of any changes to our Privacy Policy in our main waiting area and make a copy available to you upon your request.
How We May Use and Disclose Your Health Information
- For Treatment: We may use and disclose your personal health information (PHI) to anyone involved in the provision of health care to you including University nurses, nurse practitioners, physicians, and other medical professionals, including nursing students or interns. We may also disclose your PHI to outside treating medical professionals and staff, as deemed necessary to your health care.
- For Health Care Operations: We may use and disclose your PHI for our own health care operations. For example, we may use your PHI to assess your care in an effort to improve the quality of our service to you and others, to evaluate the skills, qualifications, and performance of our health care providers, to learn how to improve our facilities and services, and to provide training to health profession students and trainees. In addition, the university's accountants, auditors, and attorneys may use your PHI to assist our compliance with applicable law.
- For Payment: We may use and disclose your PHI to others for purposes of receiving payment for treatment and services you receive at UMass Lowell Health Services. For example, a bill may be sent to your insurance company and the information on the bill may contain information that identifies you, and your diagnosis.
- Business Associates: There are some services provided to our organization through contracts with business associates, such as, laboratory and health insurance companies. We may disclose your health information to our business associates, so they can perform these services. We require the business associates to safeguard your information to our standards and we will only disclose what is necessary for business.
- Legal Requirements: Health Services may use and disclose information about you as required by law for the following purposes: legal proceedings with a valid summons or subpoena, to report information related to victims of abuse, neglect, or domestic violence, and to assist law enforcement officials in their law enforcement duties.
- Public Health: Your health information may be used or disclosed for public health activities to prevent or control disease, injury, or disability, or for other health review activities.
- Information Regarding Decedents: We may disclose health information regarding a deceased person to coroners and medical examiners to identify cause of death or funeral directors for their required duties.
- Research: We may use your health information for research purposes, if the research has been reviewed and approved by the University's Institutional Research Review Board to ensure your privacy.
- Serious Threat to Health or Safety: Your health information may be disclosed to avoid a serious threat to the health or safety of yourself or any other person.
- Workers Compensation: Your health information may be used to comply with laws and regulations related to Workers Compensation.
- Contacting You: We may use your PHI to contact you by phone or email. Students will be asked to provide up to date contact information once per semester during a visit to Health Services.
Your Rights
Although your health record is the physical property of the health care practitioner or the Health Services department that compiled it, you have the right:
- To obtain a paper copy of this Notice and upon written request submitted to the University of Massachusetts Lowell Health Services maintaining your record, to inspect and/or obtain a copy of your health record that may be used to make decisions about you. We may charge a fee for the costs of copying, mailing, or other expenses associated with your request.
- To amend your health record by submitting a written request with the reasons supporting your request to the University of Massachusetts Lowell Health Services. We may deny your request if it is not in writing and does not include a reason to support the request.
- We may also deny your request if you ask us to amend information that:
- Was not created by us, unless the person or organization that created the information is no longer available to make the amendment.
- The record is not part of the health information used to make decisions about your care.
- We believe the record is accurate and complete.
- Is not part of the information you would have the right to inspect and copy.
Disclosures Requiring Authorization
Other uses and disclosures of medical information not covered by this notice or the law will only be made with your written permission. You have the right to revoke this authorization, in writing, at any time. If you revoke your permission, we will no longer use or disclose medical information about you for the reasons covered by your written authorization, except to the extent that we have already made disclosures pursuant to your authorization. We are required to retain our records of the care that we provided to you. Such records will be retained for seven (7) years from your graduation or withdrawal date from the university. Revised 3/2013
Director Health Services
University Crossing
220 Pawtucket St., Suite 300
Lowell, MA 01854-5144
Office for Civil Rights, Boston Office
U.S. Department of Education
33 Arch St., Suite 900
Boston, MA 02110-1491

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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text:
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Invitation to Worship
Come, let us sing to Adonai, let us praise the God of all Creation!
We make the Sign of the Cross over our lips as we begin.
O Holy ONE + open my lips,
~And my mouth will proclaim your praise.
Let all creation praise the greatness of God!
Let the universe extol the glory of Adonai!
All may sing or alternate the verses of any Morning Hymn .
Sing of our God's goodness, Abba of all wisdom,
Come now and bless the Name.
Mercy and compassion, this love is forever,
faithful to the end of days.
Come, then, all you nations, sing Adonai's goodness,
melodies of praise and thanks to God.
Ring out the great glory, praise God with your music,
worship now and bless the Name.
Power and Salvation, honor and all blessing!
He rose from the jaws of death.
God's Word he has spoken, one bread he has broken,
new life he now gives to all. Refrain
Courage in our darkness, Comfort in our sorrow,
Spirit of our God Most High;
Solace to the weary, Pardon for the sinner,
Splendor of the living God. Refrain
Praise God with your singing, praise God with the trumpet,
praise God with the lute and harp.
Praise God with the cymbals, praise God with your dancing,
praise God till the end of days. Refrain
Setting: Ernest Sands (1981) alt.
Praise God and highly exalt God for ever!
Canticle of the Three Children (Dan 3:57-87)
You angels and all powers of Adonai,
O heavens and all waters above the heavens.
Sun and moon and stars of the sky,
glorify Adonai.
Praise God and highly exalt God for ever!
Every shower of rain and fall of dew,
all winds and fire and heat.
Winter and summer,
glorify Adonai.
Praise God and highly exalt God for ever!
O chill and cold,
drops of dew and flakes of snow.
Frost and cold, ice and sleet,
glorify Adonai.
Praise God and highly exalt God for ever!
O Mother Earth,
O mountains and hills and valleys.
All that grows upon the earth,
glorify Adonai.
Praise God and highly exalt God for ever!
O springs of water, seas and streams,
O whales and all that move in the waters.
All birds of the air,
glorify Adonai.
Praise God and highly exalt God for ever!
O beast of the wild,
and all you flocks and herds.
All women and men everywhere,
glorify Adonai.
Praise God and highly exalt God for ever!
Let us glorify the ONE, and the WORD
and exalt the HOLY BREATH.
In the firmament of God's power and love,
glorify Adonai.
Praise God and highly exalt God for ever!
Refrain: Howard Hughes, S.M., Praise God In Song (GIA, 1979), adpt.
READING Amos 9: 12-14
Yes, days are coming, says Adonai,
When the plowman shall overtake the reaper, and the vintager, those who sow the seed;
The juice of grapes shall drip down the mountains, and all the hills shall run with it.
I will bring about the restoration of my people Israel; they shall rebuild and inhabit their ruined cities, Plant vineyards and drink the wine, set out gardens and eat the fruits.
Silent Prayer
R. God looked at everything in creation, *God named everything very good! V. Light and darkness, Sun, Moon, and the stars, *God named everything very good! V. Earth and Sea, Sky and Birds, Fish and all Creatures, *God named everything very good! V. Human beings in God's image and likeness, *God named everything very good! R. God looked at everything in creation, God named everything very good!
Canticle of Zachary– Luke 1:68-79
Praised be Adonai who with compassion
shines on us like the Sun from on high.
Blessed + be Adonai, the God of Israel,
Who visits this people to set us free
Raising for us a sign of salvation
In the house and family of David.
God promised throughout past ages
In words of holy prophets
To save us from our enemies,
And from the control of our oppressors.
Adonai favored our ancestors
And remembered the sacred covenant.
The pledge to Abraham and Sarah
Is now renewed for us;
That freed from the grip of our foes
We might worship without fear
And be both just and holy
For the rest of our days.
And you, child, called "prophet of the Most High,"
Will go ahead to prepare the way,
By teaching this people of salvation
Through forgiveness of their sins.
For the loving compassion of the Holy One
As the Rising Sun will shine upon us
To illumine the darkness and dispel death's shadow
To guide our feet on the way of peace.
Glory to the ONE and to the WORD
and to the BREATH of Love!
As always before,
so now and evermore. Amen.
Praised be Adonai who with compassion
shines on us like the Sun from on high.
Intercessory Prayer
You created all things and found everything you made to be very good;
help us to live as your image, loving and caring for all of creation.
You gave us the Sabbath Day to rehearse your reign:
may we cease from work and reverence all that you sustain.
You gave us the Sun to provide the energy, light, and heat that enabled Mother Earth to bring forth life in all its marvelous diversity, individuality and community: ~give us the wisdom and will to live in harmony with and for the common good of all creation.
Create new hearts in us, O God,
and fill us with your Holy Spirit.
Prayer of Jesus
Our Father …
Closing Prayer & Blessing
Holy One and God of endless Compassion, you are the praise of all your saints and the joy of all creation. Direct all our actions by the inspiration of your Holy Spirit and further them on with your continual help so that every prayer and work of ours may always begin from you, be carried out in harmony with all of creation, and through you be brought to completion. For yours is the power and glory of love now and forever. Amen.
May the peace of God, which surpasses all comprehension, guard our hearts and our minds in Christ Jesus. ~Amen.
Let us bless the world with peace.
~And give thanks to God.


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Next week marks three months since the Afghan government fell amidst the departure of U.S. forces. And since the final U.S. troops left Afghanistan on August 30, it's been hard to get a sense of what life is like for the Afghans left behind living under Taliban rule - this as the economy disintegrates, drought and now famine sets in, and many Afghans struggle to survive, like the children in this hospital in Kabul.
JANE FERGUSON: Son of Sadam written on a piece of tape stuck to this child's chest is all that identifies him. With each shallow breath, his chances of making it grow thinner.
CORNISH: That's the voice of PBS NewsHour special correspondent Jane Ferguson. She just wrapped a nearly two-week-long reporting trip in the country, where she spent time in Herat and Kabul. Jane Ferguson joins me now from Doha. And just a moment of warning here - this conversation may have some disturbing content for some listeners.
Jane, welcome to ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.
FERGUSON: Thank you for having me on.
CORNISH: We played just that small clip from your visit to a children's ward. Can you talk about what is going on in these hospitals in Kabul?
FERGUSON: In Kabul and across the country, if you're lucky enough to be near a functioning hospital, many hospitals are barely or not functioning anymore - the rural clinics. But I visited Kabul and Herat in the west of the country, which is very badly hit by the drought, and you're finding that the child malnutrition wards have been filling up with premature babies, newborn babies and toddlers who are struggling severely with what the aid agencies called SAM - severe acute malnutrition. And the children have become malnourished. It makes them sick. It makes them vulnerable to infection. It makes them difficult to feed, difficult to keep food down. It basically spirals into a health crisis for a whole tiny, tiny generation.
What's been so stark about the onslaught of this hunger crisis is how fast it's happened. The doctors have been shocked. Of course, you know, there were economic problems in Afghanistan for quite some time now. But since the collapse of the government and the cutting off of people's salaries, we've really, really seen a massive, fast spike in hunger.
CORNISH: I know you were able to actually speak to parents. What are they telling you about this experience?
FERGUSON: A lot of people in Afghanistan and those parents that you meet in these hospitals are families that were provided for by someone who perhaps had day labor, a casual worker who would have worked hand-to-mouth, day to day. And the trickle-down effect, or the knock-on of the financial collapse has meant that that kind of work has dried up - you know, construction sites, trash collection, this kind of thing. If you're looking at a population that was already extremely poor, even by the standards of Afghanistan, that's what those parents are telling me. It's that, you know, they were just about able to feed themselves before. They didn't have any safety net, which would be savings or a line of credit or some family that could help. That doesn't exist for millions of Afghans.
On top of that, you also have even the staff in the hospitals - middle-class, educated Afghans - haven't been paid in months. So even they are struggling to feed their kids. So it's really a complete cash crunch. Worth also mentioning that even if you have savings in the bank, because the country's foreign assets have been frozen in an effort to make sure that the Taliban doesn't access them, banks in Afghanistan have basically enacted severe capital controls. You can only get $200 a week out of your bank account. So even if you have money in the bank, you can't access it.
CORNISH: Winter is falling on the country. There are many people who now risk exposure to freezing temperatures. I know you spoke with a Taliban leader. What are they saying? I mean, they must be facing some pressure just to feed people.
FERGUSON: They're under huge pressure. You know, if they cannot deliver, if they end up having to take ownership of a famine, that is a disastrous situation for them. They have been - very much so - putting forward to the international community their best foot, saying, look; we're open to aid workers. We would like to welcome all people who are trying to help the Afghan people.
You know, it's a big 180, of course. For the last 20 years, they've been killing, attacking, kidnapping both Afghan and foreign aid workers relentlessly and not recognizing the humanitarian work or the neutrality of humanitarian workers. So they're putting a big push on to try to get the aid agencies back in because they're very well aware that the public support will not be there for them. Whatever public support they have - it's very hard to gauge - will absolutely flatline if they cannot run a functioning country.
They're also well aware that they haven't fed their own soldiers. The Taliban fighters that occupy these cities across the country are not getting salaries. That's a very dangerous situation, to have men with guns and hungry stomachs. So they're well aware that this situation could spiral.
As you say, the winter is coming in. And in Afghanistan, winters are incredibly brutal, especially in the north. In the capital of Kabul, you know, you get snowfall in the mountains. So people are going to be desperate. Their ability to buy fuel to stay warm has never been more stretched thin across the country. Every year in refugee camps, you do get deaths from small children who die of hypothermia, even in the best of times. This winter is likely to be an extremely bitter one.
CORNISH: We started this conversation with your reporting in a children's ward, which is always going to be kind of a hard assignment - right? - to bear witness to. Were there any signs of hope there or even in the country that you're coming away with?
FERGUSON: You know, it's funny you should ask that, because I was just sitting down yesterday and today to write a script for our next piece. And I used the word hope because I did visit one place that has always over the years of reporting on Afghanistan and giving me hope, which was the Red Cross Center in Kabul.
You know, one ray of hope is that we have to remember at least the fighting for now has stopped. There are a lot of very upsetting and frightening things happening in Afghanistan right now. But at least the, quote, unquote, "war fighting" has largely ended. What this has meant is that people who otherwise wouldn't have been able to access the city, who couldn't travel those treacherously dangerous roads because of IEDs, checkpoints, banditry, that has actually opened up for people. So when you went to the Red Cross Center in Kabul, where they fit people with high-quality, free prosthetics for amputees and people with disabilities - and what I saw when I walked in were Taliban fighters, former government soldiers and civilians all sitting together, learning to walk again, trying to get better prosthetics, just trying in a time of peace to get healed. And I think that we have to remember that the one bright ray of hope for now is the lack of fighting, the lack of violence on a war level. I don't know how long that will last, but I can feel in some rural areas people starting to breathe.
CORNISH: That's Jane Ferguson, special correspondent for the PBS NewsHour, about her reporting trip in Afghanistan. Thank you so much for sharing with us.
FERGUSON: Thank you.
(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC) Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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By Brian Crecente
Originally Posted at www.Kotaku.com
Brian Crecente — Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 is coming Nov. 8, 2011, Kotaku has learned, delivering with it mammoth battles that engulf a dozen cities around the world including New York, Paris and London.
Multiple sources have shared details of the game's story, art, sounds and game modes with Kotaku, noting that the game will reshape the landscape of the Call of Dutyfranchise, bringing an impressive number of eclectic settings, deep multiplayer gaming and a story that ties up nearly all loose ends from previous titles, including the final moments of key figures in the series' history.
While we haven't seen the game in action ourselves, we've gone to great lengths to nail down as much as possible the veracity of our sources. We believe that the imagery and chief details are accurate. That doesn't mean things can't change before release, but this appears to be a full run down of where Infinity Ward, Sledgehammer Games and Raven Software is onModern Warfare 3 as they add the final polishing touches.
The game opens moments after the cliffhanger ending of Modern Warfare 2 with the U.S. struggling to stave off a surprise Russian attack. The single-player campaign will ping-pong players around the world as they take on the multiple throwaway roles as a Russian Federal Protective Services agent, SAS Operative, tank gunner, and AC-130 gunner as well as key characters from previous installments and new recurring characters. The game will feature about 15 missions, kicking off with the invasion of Manhattan by a Russian force and wrapping up with a final encounter in Dubai.
The plot, as described, seems to be keeping with developer Infinity Ward's habit of delivering complex, short sequences punctuated by lots of gunfire and scene changes. The game also has players take control of several vehicles, returning gamers to the AC-130 gunship as a gunner and plopping them down in a tank as part of a U.S. Armored Division.
The single-player campaign, which appears to wrap up most of the unanswered questions and character fates of the first two Modern Warfare titles, also introduces new characters who appear to be destined for future Modern Warfare games, especially two Delta Force operatives codenamed "Frost" and "Sandman".
Multiplayer in the game returns with a chunky list of playable maps as well as two types of Spec Ops modes: "Survival" and "Mission".
Activision, the series' publisher, still hasn't officially unveiled any details about the game, though executives have said that a new Call of Duty game was coming this year. Last year'sCall of Duty: Black Ops, developed by Treyarch, sold more than 7 million copies in the first 24 hours and within six weeks reached $1 billion in sales.
We've contacted Activision for comment and will update the story when and if they provide reaction.
Modern Warfare 3 Multiplayer Features Battles in Brooklyn, Clash in Mogadishu
Packed with 15 levels set in locations around the world, from Manhattan to the catacombs of Paris, Modern Warfare 3's near-future campaign looks to be an experience that will top anything seen before in a Call of Dutygame. More »
Where You'll Go, How You'll Kill, and Who Will Die in Modern Warfare 3
We've been gentle so far in our revealing of what we know about Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3. We've tip-toed through the minefield of spoilers, and tried to reveal only facts anyone would want to know. More »
SEAL Team Six, 'Black Tuesday' And Other Modern Warfare 3 Hot Buttons
A brief audio clip that we believe is a piece of the upcoming Modern Warfare 3 refers to SEAL Team Six, the unit widely assumed to have killed Osama Bin Laden in a raid in Pakistan earlier this month. More »


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Laundry Attendant/Washerman Full-time Job
1 week ago Tourism & Hospitaltity Abu Dhabi 31 views Reference: 37838Job Details
What will I be doing?
As a Laundry Attendant/Washerman, you are responsible for supporting laundry operations and providing pressing, sewing, and other similar services to deliver an excellent Guest and Member experience. A Laundry Attendant/Washerman will also be required to manage and respond to guest requests. Specifically, you will be responsible for performing the following tasks to the highest standards:
Ensure support is provided to the laundry function when required
Complete wash cycles, folding of linen and correct storage
Manage guest requests in line with company brand standards and one call delivery deadline
Greet guests in public areas and rooms in a warm and friendly manner
Provide laundry, pressing, sewing, and other similar services to guests
Ensure soiled and damaged linen is stored in soiled bags and disposed of correctly
Maintain linen room and uniform store - Ensure floors are stocked with the correct amount of each linen items
Ensure chemicals are used and stored correctly
Report maintenance and hazard issues
Comply with hotel security, fire regulations and all health and safety legislation
What are we looking for?
A Laundry Attendant/Washerman serving Hilton brands is always working on behalf of our Guests and working with other Team Members. To successfully fill this role, you should maintain the attitude, behaviours, skills, and values that follow:
Positive attitude
Good communication skills
Ability to work under pressure
Ability to work on own or in teams
Respond to guest requests and deliver high levels of service
Methodical and well organised
It would be advantageous in this position for you to demonstrate the following capabilities and distinctions:
Previous laundry experience
Experience in a similar role


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Many years ago, as one of my Mail Art projects, I used to fold two-inch wide pieces of paper into little accordion books and decorate them with rubber stamps and pieces of paper that I cut out from incoming Mail Art and decorated envelopes. I carved a rubber stamp with a little graphic of a Mail Box and the words "Bits of Mail" to stamp on the little book covers. Before sending them out, I dated and numbered them on the back. I saved one example for my archives and made a few color copies to use later as collage inspirations. While I was getting the color copies made, it came up in conversation with the copy center worker that one of the black and white machines had red toner in it. I made a lot of copies with the red toner because I knew I'd find uses for the copies later!
Some of my old collage papers along with my Mail Archives had been in storage unseen for 20 years or more. I've been getting some of them out lately as I move stuff. With fresh eyes, I'm getting some new ideas and inspiration for improving old ideas. I decided to take these old copies and make new versions of the mini accordion books.
First I cut up the copies that weren't already in strips into two inch wide pieces, the same size as the originals. Then I folded them and glued one red ink copy to one color copy back to back to make longer books.
I had a large paper crafting stash by 1998 already because I started making collages in 1985 in my first college design class and I've been collecting interesting papers for collages ever since. In the intervening years, there are a lot more paper crafting supplies available and some of them are a lot more to my taste than what was available in the late 1990s. Back in the day I would have said I was a "weird" stamper not a "cute" stamper. I also enjoy sophisticated antique imagery and have a lot of papers from two of my favorite brands, Tim Holtz and 7 Gypsies, in my stash. I decided that the Tim Holtz idea-ology Correspondence paper pad was a good fit for this project and I glued some of the postal themed textures onto a selection of the blank pages of my books. The dominant colors in this series are red white and blue which looks good with the red toner ink on some of my papers and the postal motifs fit the "Bits of Mail" theme.
Next I went through I box of paper scraps that I keep for teaching a card class that I run from time to time on how to make greeting cards from little scraps, rubber stamps and stencils. I took out a selection of papers that I thought would make good backgrounds and glued them in a random fashion to every other page, leaving some blank.
There is an old trick that I learned in drawing class long ago to help get unstuck if you are facing a blank piece of paper with no ideas – draw a quick frame around your drawing area before you start. This helps because it's less daunting to start drawing on a paper that you've made some marks on than a blank surface. I get the same creative boost from using scrap papers for perhaps a similar reason – there is already some content there, however sparse and random, and that is often all I need to get me going in a creative direction.
The little accordion books I've made are pictured above ready to add content. What kind of content would that be? There are lots of things I could do with these little books. I could write, draw, stamp or paste in words and/or images to make a finished artistic statement. I could use them as a storage and display folio for tiny works of art such as postage stamps, faux postage stamps or tiny photos and images. I could send them off into the Mail Art network as an "add and pass on" project. What would you make?
For additional inspiration, here are some samples of tiny books made by other people that I've received through the mail over the years. People of any age and ability level can make tiny books. Why not try one?


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Well, Happy New Year, all y'all! I hope this here blog post finds you bright-eyed, bushy-tailed and tackling that short list of resolutions...and not nursing a hang-over pondering the poor life choices you made last night (Not judgin'. Just sayin'.) Myself, I finally managed to finish off this here ROY G. BIV(and M...for Magenta) skirt complete with a blouse o' many colors and ginormous headband. It's only been on my sewing table for something like a month so hurray for finally finishing something!
And while I was mid-stitch on el skirt-o (like, seriously, mid-stitch. I have this habit of getting an idea, dropping WHATEVES it is I'm doing and starting on Thing 2. It's really the worst habit ever and I don't recommend it), I got the notion of making a top AND headband to match. I decided to use the Scout Tee pattern from Grainline Studios because, y'all. That is one easy pattern to follow and one simple top to slap together in, like, 60 minutes or more.
Hey! Speaking of stopping whatever you are doing mid-stream and totes doing something dif, I hereby interrupt this sewing talk with a chat about my trip to Orlando's Crayola Experience! (That was a segue, kids. A really crappy segue).
So way the funk back in September, the hubs and I made a trip down to Orlando for Universal Studio's Halloween Horror Nights. While we were there, we drove past the Florida Mall and I spotted that hallmark yellow and green. I was all, "Hey! That's a Crayola WONDERLAND! Like Chuck E. Cheese for art teachers. Can we go? Please?!" It was then that Mitch reminded me he'd told me all about this place before we left and I'd been all "meh, whateves". Silly me. I was so happy to find that teacher's get in free! Sadly, el hubbo did have to shell out something like $35 for his ticket. I told him he could stay in the car but that only got me the side-eye.
If you cats and kittens ever get the chance to go to this place, y'all best do it. It's simply fascinating -- like a history lesson on Crayola and a science lesson on the making of crayons. Not to mention a look at their vintage ads which were just so fun to see.
And tons o' other fun stuff. One of my faves was this station where you could name your own crayons and have them made. We made a handful of our own personalized crayons called such things as "Mrs. Stephens' Lipstick" for a red crayon and "Martian Blood" for a green one.
Another fave of mine was this encaustic station where you could paint with melted crayon juice. Is there anything better smelling than a melted crayon? By the way, I've installed Scratch -n- Sniff technology in this blog post so feel free to scratch that photo above, stick your nose to the screen and breathe deep. Don't mind the stares, other folks just be jealous. Oh, it didn't work? Keep trying. You can stop when the men in the white coats come to get you.
My ultimate fave was this melted crayon spin art machine. You get to pick your color combos and while the melted crayon is dripping down onto your paper circle, you can control the speed of the spinning. This results in some seriously cool and trippy masterpieces.
Like, far out, dude.
But, if I'm gonna be all fur realz-ies with y'all, I've gotta admit that the real Experience was to be had in the gift shop. I mean, just take a look-see at that sock assortment. Need I say more?
Even the check out counter was neat mosquito -- it's made up entirely of upright crayons!
And now, I interrupt that interruption to bring you back to what I was originally chatting about. Before I interrupted my own dang self. Ahem. The skirt! Which was heavily influenced by all things Crayola Experience-y. And BOOM. I just segue'd my segue.
So the first thing I had to do was figure out the colored pencil (do y'all say "color pencil" or "colored pencil"? Because I've always said the latter but now I'm not so sure). Anyway, I sketched it out on paper first and used that as my template once I was happy with el sketch-o.
After cutting the pieces, I started stitching with right sides togetherness.
Like-a dis.
And like-a dat.
Press with an iron and...
Viola! Eight colored pencils, one for each section of the skirt.
Once I had cut out the eight panels of the skirt in black and stitched them together, I started the process of appliquéing the pencils to the skirt. I measured 12" down from the bottom of the waistband and held the pencils in place with some Stitch Witchery. Then I set my machine to a wide satin stitch (it's the one that looks like a zigzag) and sewed the pencils in place.
Once all the pencils were in place, I simply followed the pattern to complete the skirt. That pattern is cake, by the way. The only thing that is a total drag is hemming that beast. I mean, the circumference is about three miles long so it takes forever to get through.
Miraculously, I persevered (but not without mucho whining...to myself. The cat and the hubs don't seem to heed my complainingness).
It's great for sitting on the floor and doing a Wicked Witch of the West "I'm melting!" impersonation...
And for twirling away. I do hope you kids have a wonderful New Years and we'll chatty chat soon enough!


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The Discriminating Photographer
Alleged no more, according to the Las Cruces Sun-News, (NM commission rules photographer discriminated against gay couple, 4/11/08) Albuquerque photographer Elaine Huguenin violated New Mexico's discrimination law, according to a human rights panel.
The panel ruled that Elane Photography, owned by both Huguein and her husband Jon violated the state Human Rights Act by discriminating against Willock on the basis of sexual orientation, and should pay
But it's not quite over yet. The Alliance Defense Fund is planning to appeal, and has 90 days to do so. The ADF is a Christian-based religious organization that defends religious liberties where they feel there is an infringement upon religious freedoms by government.
Related :2/28/08 - Rights: Yours, Mine, and Theirs.
Please post your comments by clicking the link below. If you've got questions, please pose them in our Photo Business Forum Flickr Group Discussion Threads.


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An Open Letter to Obama Voters
Did you vote for Barack Obama in 2008? A lot of people did – obviously.
What a time. There's still room for improvement, but what a testimony to just how far we as a nation have come in terms of racial harmony, tolerance and diversity.
Only decades earlier a man like Barack Obama – a black man – couldn't even drink from the same water fountain as a white man, let alone become president of the United States. A hundred years prior to that, and he may well have been counted another man's property.
On Nov. 4, 2008, millions gathered at the ballot box to prove, once and for all, that, in large measure, we as a nation have healed from our disgraceful, self-inflicted wounds of racial abuse, bias and division.
That we could elect an African-American to lead the free world is indeed a very good thing.
We just happened to elect the wrong African-American.
In life, we sometimes find that the idea of a thing is far better than the thing itself. As a boy, I once ordered, from a comic book, a pair of X-ray glasses that promised to allow me to see the bones beneath my hand (my motives were a bit more ignoble). The two weeks it took for the glasses to arrive seemed like an eternity.
Once they did arrive, I ripped into the package and put them on, darting my head to-and-fro. It's difficult to express my level of disappointment. As I quickly discovered, the glasses merely formed a halo effect around objects, creating the illusion of transparency. I felt embarrassed. I got took.
Barack Obama's presidency has been a halo effect. Like I did so many years ago, in 2008 America fell victim to false advertising. As the past four years have demonstrated beyond any serious debate, the idea of President Obama was far better than the reality of President Obama. We were promised the world. We were promised transparency; but we were sold an illusion. We got took.
Indeed, during the 2008 campaign, a then-Sen. Barack Obama promised us that, if elected, we would look back upon the moment he took office and "tell our children that this was the moment when we began to provide care for the sick and good jobs to the jobless; this was the moment when the rise of the oceans began to slow and our planet began to heal; this was the moment when we ended a war and secured our nation and restored our image as the last, best hope on earth."
That was the idea of President Obama. That was what many good, well-meaning people voted for. That was the hope offered and the change promised.
That was not what we got.
Though it's certainly not a comprehensive analysis, during the second presidential debate, Mitt Romney, in response to Mr. Obama's attempts to gloss over his mounting leadership failures, summarized a few of the big ones. While addressing an audience member who, perhaps like you, voted for Obama in 2008, Romney observed, in part, the following:
I think you know better. I think you know that these last four years haven't been so good as the president just described and that you don't feel like you're confident that the next four years are going to be much better either. …
He said that, by now, we'd have unemployment at 5.4 percent. The difference between where it is and 5.4 percent is 9 million Americans without work. …
He said he would have, by now, put forward a plan to reform Medicare and Social Security, because he pointed out they're on the road to bankruptcy. He would reform them. He'd get that done. He hasn't even made a proposal on either one.
He said in his first year he'd put out an immigration plan that would deal with our immigration challenges. Didn't even file it.
This is a president who has not been able to do what he said he'd do. He said that he'd cut in half the deficit. He hasn't done that either. In fact, he doubled it.
He said that by now middle-income families would have a reduction in their health insurance premiums by $2,500 a year. It's gone up by $2,500 a year. And if Obamacare is … implemented fully, it'll be another $2,500. …
The middle class is getting crushed under the policies of a president who has not understood what it takes to get the economy working again. … [T]he number of people who are still looking for work is still 23 million Americans.
There are more people in poverty, one out of six people in poverty.
How about food stamps? When he took office, 32 million people were on food stamps. Today, 47 million people are on food stamps. How about the growth of the economy? It's growing more slowly this year than last year – and more slowly last year than the year before. …
The president has tried, but his policies haven't worked.
Recently, my wife and I attended an outdoor festival in central Virginia. Although the event was not political, there were people from both the Obama and Romney camps handing out campaign stickers and other items. I suspect that if a poll were taken, liberals out-numbered conservatives by about two-to-one.
That's why I was so taken aback. Although we saw dozens of people wearing Romney stickers, we only saw one man wearing an Obama sticker.
We walked up to a fellow with a gray pony tail, John Lennon glasses and Birkenstocks. He was wearing a Romney sticker.
"Mind if I ask why you're voting for Mitt Romney?" I asked. "I assume you are."
His reply – and these were his words, not mine – was short and to the point: "Because I refuse to be that stupid twice."
Changing one's mind doesn't always reveal a tendency toward indecision. Sometimes, changing one's mind reveals a tendency toward wisdom.


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Over the last few decades, medicine has witnessed a sea change in attitudes toward chronic pain, and particularly toward opioids. While these changes were intended to bring relief to many, they have also fed an epidemic of prescription opioid and heroin abuse.
Curbing abuse is a challenge spilling over into the 2016 political campaigns. Amid calls for better addiction treatment and prescription monitoring, it might be time for doctors to rethink how to treat chronic pain.
Ancient roots, modern challenges
A class of drugs that includes morphine and hydrocodone, opioids get their name from opium, Greek for "poppy juice," the source from which they are extracted.
In fact, one of the earliest accounts of narcotic addiction is found in Homer's Odyssey. One of the first places Odysseus and his beleaguered crew land on their voyage home from Troy is the land of the Lotus-Eaters. Some of his men eat of the Lotus, lapsing into somnolent apathy. Soon the listless addicts care for nothing but the drug and weep bitterly when Odysseus forces them back to their ships.
via Wikimedia Commons
For decades in the U.S., physicians resisted prescribing opioids, in part for fear that patients would develop dependency and addiction. Beginning in the 1980s and 1990s, this began to change.
Based on experiences with end-of-life care, some physicians and drug companies began saying that opioids should be used more liberally to relieve chronic pain. They argued that the risks of addiction had been overstated.
Since 2001, the Joint Commission, an independent group that accredits hospitals, has required that pain be assessed and treated, leading to numerical pain rating scales and the promotion of pain as medicine's "fifth vital sign." Doctors and nurses now routinely ask patients to rate the severity of their pain on a scale of zero to 10.
While it is impossible to measure the burden of pain strictly in dollars, it has been estimated that the total health care cost attributable to pain ranges from US$560 billion to $635 billion annually, making it an important source of revenue for many health professionals, hospitals and drug companies.
More prescriptions for opioids have fed abuse
Today it is estimated that 100 million people in the U.S. suffer from chronic pain – more than the number with diabetes (26 million), heart disease (16 million) and cancer (12 million). Many who suffer from chronic pain will be treated with opioids.
In 2010 enough prescription painkillers were prescribed to medicate every American adult every four hours for one month. The nation is now in the midst of an epidemic of opioid abuse, and prescription medications far outrank illicit drugs as causes of drug overdose and death.
It is estimated that 5.1 million Americans abuse painkillers, and nearly two million Americans suffer from opioid addiction or dependence. Between 1999 and 2010, the number of women dying annually of opioid overdose increased five times. The number of fatalities each day from opioid overdoses exceeds that of car accidents and homicides.
In response, the Drug Enforcement Agency and a number of state legislatures have tightened restrictions on opioid prescribing.
For instance, patients must have a written prescription to obtain Vicodin and doctors can't call prescriptions in. The downside, of course, is that many patients must visit their physicians more often, a challenge for those who are seriously ill.
Some patients seek multiple prescriptions for opioids so that they can turn a profit selling extra pills. The increase in prescription opioid misuse is also linked to an increase in the number of people using heroin.
A sea change in pain treatment helped create the opioid abuse epidemic, and another sea change in how doctors view chronic pain could help curb it.
Pill bottles image via www.shutterstock.com.
Looking beyond physical pain
In a recent article in the New England Journal of Medicine, two physicians from the University of Washington, Jane Ballantyne and Mark Sullivan, argue that physicians need to reexamine the real strengths and weaknesses of opioids. While these drugs can be very effective in relieving short-term pain associated with injuries and surgery, the authors say "there is little evidence supporting their long-term benefit."
One of the reasons opioids have become so widely used today, the authors suggest, has been the push to lower pain intensity scores, which often requires "escalating doses of opioids at the expense of worsening function and quality of life." Merely lowering a pain score does not necessarily make the patient better off.
They point out that the experience of pain is not always equal to the amount of tissue damage. In some cases, such as childbirth or athletic competition, individuals may tolerate even excruciating degrees of pain in pursuit of an important goal. In other situations, lesser degrees of pain – particularly chronic pain – can prove unbearable, in part because it is experienced in the setting of helplessness and hopelessness.
Instead of focusing strictly on pain intensity, they say, physicians and patients should devote greater attention to suffering. For example, when patients better understand what is causing their pain, no longer perceive pain as a threat to their lives and know that they are receiving effective treatment for their underlying condition, their need for opioids can often be reduced. This means focusing more on the meaning of pain than its intensity.
This helps to explain why one group of patients, those with preexisting mental health and substance abuse problems ("dual diagnosis patients"), are particularly poorly served by physicians who base opioid doses strictly on pain intensity scores. Such patients are more likely to be treated with opioids on a long-term basis, to misuse their medications, and to experience adverse drug effects leading to emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and death – often with no improvement in their underlying condition.
The point is that pain intensity scores are an imperfect measure of what the patient is experiencing. When it comes to chronic pain, say the authors, "intensity isn't a simple measure of something that can be easily fixed." Instead patients and physicians need to recognize the larger psychological, social and even spiritual dimensions of suffering.
For chronic pain, Ballantyne and Sullivan argue, one of the missing links is conversation between doctor and patient, "which allows the patient to be heard and the clinician to appreciate the patient's experiences and offer empathy, encouragement, mentorship, and hope."
If the authors are right, in other words, patients and physicians need to strike a new and different balance between relying on the prescription pad and developing stronger relationships with patients.
One problem, of course, is that many physicians are not particularly eager to develop strong relationships with patients suffering from chronic pain, substance abuse and/or mental illness. One reason is the persistent widespread stigma associated with such conditions.
It takes a doctor with a special sense of calling to devote the time and energy necessary to connect with such patients, many of whom can prove particularly difficult to deal with.
In too many cases today, it proves easier just to numb the suffering with a prescription for an opioid.
By Richard Gunderman, Chancellor's Professor of Medicine, Liberal Arts, and Philanthropy, Indiana University. This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article. Doctor and patient image via www.shutterstock.com.


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By Peter Elkind, special to ProPublica, June 29, 2017, 1:30 p.m.
In a newly obtained letter sent to Texas authorities, Genene Jones, the former nurse suspected of killing more than a dozen infants 2014, apologized "for the damage I did to all because of my crime." This marks the first time that Jones, who has maintained her innocence, seems to acknowledge guilt for her alleged crimes.
In March 2011, Jones authored a letter to the Texas Board of Nursing from prison. "I look back now on what I did and agree with you now that it was heinous, that I was heinous," Jones wrote. The letter came as a surprise to prosecutors, who have brought new charges against Jones to prevent her scheduled March 2018 release from prison. Jones, who was convicted in 1984 of murdering a toddler and injuring a month-old baby, had adamantly maintained her innocence during her criminal trials and in two prison interviews in 1987. She has since left standing instructions with prison officials to decline media requests.
"My only defense is that I was not of sound mind then or any time before 1994," Jones wrote in the letter. "That is not an excuse just a fact. God, in His infinite wisdom and mercy, granted me a sound mind upon receiving Him as Lord of my life."
The case of Genene Jones, now 66 and once dubbed an "Angel of Death with a needle," has dramatically resurfaced. Over the past five weeks, a Bexar County grand jury has indicted her for murder in the early 1980s deaths of four children in the pediatric intensive-care unit at San Antonio's county hospital, where she once worked. (Two new murder charges were handed down today.) The indictments resulted from a fresh investigation into more than a dozen suspicious deaths during that period, led by new District Attorney Nicholas "Nico" LaHood.
After a jury found her guilty in 1984, Jones was sentenced to serve 99 years for the murder of 15-month-old Chelsea McClellan, who died after Jones injected her with a powerful muscle relaxant at a pediatric clinic in Kerrville. Jones had gone to work there after the San Antonio hospital 2014 despite suspicions that she was harming children 2014 sent her off with a good recommendation. Jones later received a second, 60-year sentence, to run concurrently, for nearly killing 1-month-old Rolando Santos with repeated overdoses of the blood thinner heparin in the pediatric ICU.
At the time, the Bexar County DA suspected her of involvement in other murders of children but declined to bring charges, reasoning that the cases would be difficult to prove and that Jones' 99-year sentence guaranteed she'd be spending the rest of her life in prison.
That expectation proved faulty. Thanks to a Texas law aimed at reducing prison overcrowding, Jones is now due to be freed next March, after serving 34 years and eight months.
Responding to a growing public uproar, DA LaHood in late May began bringing new murder charges to prevent her release. Jones will now be transferred to Bexar County Jail ahead of March 2018 and held there until trial unless she is able to post the four $1 million appearance bonds set for the new charges.
In the new murder indictments today, the grand jury accused Jones of killing 8-month-old Ricky Nelson in July 1981 and 4-month-old Patrick Zavala in January 1982 by injecting each of the two babies with "a substance unknown." After learning about Jones' letter on Wednesday, assistant DA Jason Goss, who leads the DA's trial team, said he planned to tell the grand jury about it today in addition to presenting testimony of Zavala's mother.
It is not clear exactly how Jones' newly disclosed 2011 letter 2014 which was received and quietly filed away 2014 will affect her pending cases at trial. Jones has not yet entered a plea, and she does not explicitly discuss the deaths of any specific children in her letter. But it is not likely to help her defense.
"It's a confession," says assistant DA Goss. "That's a big deal. It's an incredibly important piece of evidence. We already knew she was guilty. The fact that she's saying it to this nursing board just strengthens that belief. Just the fact that she's acknowledging that means she's not an innocent person in her own mind."
LaHood, the Bexar DA, said Jones' profession of faith is not relevant to the question of whether she should face additional charges. "Forgiven and exonerated are two different things," said LaHood, who is himself a vocal Christian. "Can she be forgiven? Absolutely. Should she be exonerated? No. I can forgive her and still want her to take her last breath behind bars. It doesn't change what we're going to do."
Petti McClellan, the mother of the murdered Chelsea McClellan, was similarly unmoved. "It almost makes me angry that she did this but she didn't apologize to any of us, not just me, but any of the families in San Antonio," she said in an interview. "She must have thought it was going to benefit her. I don't think there was anything sincere about it."
ProPublica and Texas Monthly obtained a copy of Jones' letter 2014 which was summarized in an order revoking her nursing license 2014 through a Texas public-records request. We first learned about the letter from a Texas registered nurse, who had found the order on the state nursing board's website after becoming "fascinated" with the Jones story. She then mentioned the letter in a Facebook comment on a posting about the latest murder indictment of Jones.
It is, of course, remarkable, that Jones retained her nursing license until 2011. The Board of Vocational Nurse Examiners 2014 which then regulated vocational nurses such as Jones 2014 didn't even suspend her license until January 1986, nearly two years after her murder conviction. ("If you have, as you say, investigated my case, you are already aware of my innocense (sic)," Jones wrote in protest before the decision. ") Jones lost her criminal appeal that August. Yet no further regulatory action followed over the next 25 years.
The Texas prison system also struggled to make sense of Jones' status as a nurse. In August 1984, a state prison official wrote to the Bexar County Hospital District to ask if there was any problem with inmate Jones being assigned to work in the prison hospital's dispensary. After word of the inquiry leaked out, a prison spokesman offered a public assurance that the state would find Jones work that had nothing to do with medicine.
In February 2011, a Huffington Post story about the prospect of Jones' future release prompted the Texas Board of Nursing, which now regulates all state nurses, to revisit the issue and initiate revocation proceedings, says board general counsel James "Dusty" Johnston. The goal, says Johnston, was "just basically putting closure to the matter."
Notice of this proposed action went out on March 18, 2011, to Jones, then in a prison-system medical facility in South Texas, where she was being treated for health issues. In an undated four-paragraph reply the board received on April 1 of that year, Jones expressed "total bafflement" that her nursing license remained an open issue.
"What does the Board have to do with me after almost 28 years of incarceration?" she wrote. "My license was suspended 2026 after my conviction. I have not applied for renewal in almost 30 years." Anyone can search the internet "and find out all they wish to know, though most is untrue." Jones then went on to offer what amounts to an unsolicited confession:
As a response, I will take this opportunity to apologize to the Board and to the nurses it represents for the damage I did to all because of my crime. My only defense is that I was not of sound mind then or any time before 1994. That is not an excuse just a fact. God, in His infinite wisdom and mercy, granted me a sound mind upon receiving Him as Lord of my life. I look back now on what I did and agree with you that it was heinous, that I was heinous. But, God's mercy is new every morning to remind me that I am forgiven by Him. I pray that someday you will forgive me also.
I have no plans to ever renew nursing in my lifetime or a license that I am sure, if your records go back that far, was revoked somewhere down the line of time. If you need anything more of me, please let me know."
Genene Jones
The board finally revoked Jones' license to practice nursing on June 10, 2011.
Though separated by decades, Jones' letter was entirely at odds with her long-held insistence about her innocence. She pleaded not guilty at both her trials in 1984. In the days after her first conviction, for the McClellan murder, Jones, who had declined to testify, spoke to reporters for hours and happily posed for photographs. "I'm not afraid of jail, because I'm innocent," she declared. "If I had to spend 99 years in solitary, I could live with myself because I didn't do anything."
Prior to the 2011 letter, Jones' most recent public statements came during two conversations I had with her in 1987 at the state prison in Gatesville for a book I wrote about the case.
Furiously combative while working as a nurse and during earlier interviews, Jones had mellowed considerably by then. The four-letter epithets that once salted her conversation were gone. Once quick to rage, Jones now seemed placid and relaxed, even gentle. She attributed the change to a newfound religious faith. "I've been given time to sit down and understand the Lord," she told me. Jones had replaced the cross she wore on a chain around her neck during her murder trial with a Star of David. "I'm leaning toward the Jewish religion," she explained.
Yet Jones, in 1987, remained adamant that she'd been railroaded. "The story of my conviction is about big money," she declared, railing about how much the state had spent to put her behind bars. I finally asked her directly: Did she still believe she bore no personal responsibility 2014 no blame for what had happened?
"That's not a belief," Jones insisted. "That's a definite fact. I know I am responsible in a way for bringing it to the public viewpoint, but as far as being responsible for any death 2014 no, I am not."
So I asked her another way: Did she think she could perhaps be the victim of a disease of the mind that led her to harm children without her conscious knowledge? "No, I don't," she replied immediately. "Not at all. I've had a lot of time to think. I don't have any doubts in my innocence."
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Peter Elkind is the author of "The Death Shift: Nurse Genene Jones and the Texas Baby Murders."