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Return to Index
And the sons of Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, take each his censer, and put in them fire, and put on it perfume, and bring near before Yehovah strange fire, which He hath not commanded them;
and fire goeth out from before Yehovah, and consumeth them, and they die before Yehovah.
And Moses saith unto Aaron, `It is that which Yehovah hath spoken, saying, By those drawing near to Me I am sanctified, and in the face of all the people I am honoured;` and Aaron is silent.
And Moses calleth unto Mishael and unto Elzaphan, sons of Uzziel, uncle of Aaron, and saith unto them, `Come near, bear your brethren from the front of the sanctuary unto the outside of the camp;`
and they come near, and bear them in their coats unto the outside of the camp, as Moses hath spoken.
And Moses saith unto Aaron, and to Eleazar, and to Ithamar his sons, `Your heads ye do not uncover, and your garments ye do not rend, that ye die not, and on all the company He be wroth; as to your brethren, the whole house of Israel, they bewail the burning which Yehovah hath kindled;
and from the opening of the tent of meeting ye do not go out, lest ye die, for the anointing oil of Yehovah is upon you;` and they do according to the word of Moses.
And Yehovah speaketh unto Aaron, saying,
`Wine and strong drink thou dost not drink, thou, and thy sons with thee, in your going in unto the tent of meeting, and ye die not -- a statute age-during to your generations;
so as to make a separation between the holy and the common, and between the unclean and the pure;
and to teach the sons of Israel all the statutes which Yehovah hath spoken unto them by the hand of Moses.`
And Moses speaketh unto Aaron, and unto Eleazar, and unto Ithamar his sons, who are left, `Take ye the present that is left from the fire-offerings of Yehovah, and eat it unleavened near the altar, for it is most holy,
and ye have eaten it in the holy place, for it is thy portion, and the portion of thy sons, from the fire-offerings of Yehovah; for so I have been commanded.
`And the breast of the wave-offering, and the leg of the heave-offering, ye do eat in a clean place, thou, and thy sons, and thy daughters with thee; for thy portion and the portion of thy sons they have been given, out of the sacrifices of peace-offerings of the sons of Israel;
the leg of the heave-offering, and breast of the wave-offering, besides fire-offerings of the fat, they do bring in to wave a wave-offering before Yehovah, and it hath been to thee, and to thy sons with thee, by a statute age-during, as Yehovah hath commanded.`
And the goat of the sin-offering hath Moses diligently sought, and lo, it is burnt, and he is wroth against Eleazar, and against Ithamar, sons of Aaron, who are left, saying,
`Wherefore have ye not eaten the sin-offering in the holy place, for it is most holy -- and it He hath given to you to take away the iniquity of the company, to make atonement for them before Yehovah?
lo, its blood hath not been brought in unto the holy place within; eating ye do eat it in the holy place, as I have commanded.`
And Aaron speaketh unto Moses, `Lo, to-day they have brought near their sin-offering and their burnt-offering before Yehovah; and things like these meet me, yet I have eaten a sin-offering to-day; is it good in the eyes of Yehovah?`
And Moses hearkeneth, and it is good in his eyes.
Copyright 2019 wisebeliever.org


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Online learning becomes more and more popular today and many people, looking for university-level education and career advancement turn to an online degree. This is an excellent choice for those, who are determined to earn a degree or a certificate, gain new knowledge and skills and promote career development. Efficiency of online learning has made many big companies turn to corporate e-learning to better fit timing and other needs of their employees.
The reasons for applying for an online study course can be many, obviously. But what can really motivate you to start your own online study search? Amongst others, the main reasons for this are the following:
- Online learning can perfectly fit in your tight schedule: you will have an opportunity to make it maximum flexible and meet your own deadlines.
- You can start your online program, while multitasking as a parent or combining learning with your job responsibilities.
- Online learning costs less compared to on-site campus education. There are a number of free online study courses and scholarships available too.
- Latest technological tools and resources will make your learning very convenient, even if you are looking for doctorate online education and not a 2 month long course in mediation.
Online study materials, in combination with video tutoring and live chat to communicate with the professor makes an excellent substitution of face to face classroom learning. Basically, online studies can offer a very well fitted dynamic learning environment. You can also easily find an online course with residential phases, which makes an excellent option for those, who can afford traveling 1-2 times during the whole learning process. Besides online courses that are led, coordinated and assessed by professors, there are also a number of courses that offer self-study online courses. The latter aims to adjust even more to individual needs and capacities.
Online catalogues and resources, where you can find your dream course are limitless. Either you are looking for an online business degree or simply for a course in creative writing, use online program catalogues to narrow down your search. MOOC catalogues offer online education delivered by hundreds of learning providers. This online study finders have a super convenient search system, so that you can adjust your selection priorities and choose the best course, University, learning tools and deadlines.
Various digital platforms offer massive online open course lists to choose from. Covering hundreds of disciplines, a number of champions, delivering high class adult online education, enjoy popularity among tens of millions of students. The online study programs presented on these platforms are offered by leading universities. For example, Coursera (www.coursera.org), collaborates with world best Universities to digitalize their learning resources. Various technological tools, used by other online education providers, such as, EdX (www.edx.org), for instance, make learning extremely user-friendly.
With academic world investing more and more in online education ARMACAD tries to serve as another resource leading people to make their right choice. ARMACAD offers a huge variety of online certificate courses, degree courses, and events. The website is tailored for an easy search of various online research and taught options. Our online study (program) database is an excellent guide, for those searching for an alternative to on-campus education. The menu on the left provides with an opportunity to choose the best learning opportunity, offered worldwide, as well as find online events and even prepare for academic tests through an online course.

subset: commoncrawl


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Construction and Projects in Qatar: Overview
By: Paweł Piotrowski, Matthew Walker, and Amjad Hussain
A Q&A guide to construction and projects in Qatar.
The Q&A is part of the global guide to construction and projects. Areas covered include trends and significant deals, the main parties, procurement arrangements, transaction structures and corporate vehicles, financing projects, security and contractual protections required by funders, standard forms of contract, risk allocation, exclusion of liability, caps and force majeure. Also covered are material delays and variations, appointing and paying contractors, subcontractors, licences and consents, project insurance, labour laws, health and safety, environmental issues, corrupt business practices and bribery, bankruptcy and insolvency, public private partnerships (PPPs), dispute resolution, tax, the main construction organisations, and proposals for reform.


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[singlepic id=16 w=320 h=240 float=left]
Year: 1969
Genre: Progressive Rock
Preceded by: This Was (1968)
Followed by: Benefit (1970)
Related to: not available yet
Old bearded men playing endless symphonic compositions and singing about all kind of mystical themes: progressive rock. A genre in music history which is praised as many times as it's feared. I myself am a big fan; Pink Floyd, Jethro Tull, Emerson, Lake &Palmer, King Crimson, Yes and even Genesis, I loved it all from the start. Somebody once asked me which 'prog' album I would recommend him as he wanted to learn to know the genre. The guy liked bands like The Beatles, The Who, The Kinks, The Doors,… and I could only come up with one album that could soothe the transition from that world of music into one including all the achievements of progressive rock: Stand Up.
Progressive rock originated in the late sixties, heavily influenced by psychedelic rock from the US. Bands like Procol Harum (with it's hit 'Whiter Shade of Pale') and The Moody Blues (with it's album Days of Future Passed) started to incorporate elements from classical music into their work. Other (mainly British) bands followed by going beyond the standard verse-chorus based song structures with complex instrumental 'songs'. They frequently brought these songs together on so called concept albums, with all lyrical contributions treating a specific theme or telling stories with epic proportions.
In contrast with bands like Pink Floyd, Jethro Tull didn't have its origins in psychedelic rock but in blues rock instead and that's exactly what makes Stand Up such an accessible prog album. Tull's debut basically was a mediocre blues album featuring a flute. Singer Ian Anderson decided to start playing this instrument after he realized he couldn't outbid Eric Clapton as a guitar player so he picked an instrument no rock star had played before to become the world's best at it. Together with this new instrument he started to put in all kind of new influences into the group's sound after taking full control of the band. He wrote all the tracks on the album, which pushed Tull in the direction of progressive rock.
The first track on the album (with awesome artwork) is the raw, bluesy 'A New Day Yesterday'. Together with 'Nothing Is Easy' (track 6 on the album), these songs are juiced with some solid guitar riffs and sound like the hard rock of Cream, completed with some energetic flute loops. The album also delivered Tull's first classic: 'Bouree'. It's a very jazzy reinterpretation of the classic composition 'Bourrée in E minor' by Bach, with Anderson's flute replacing the piano. Also noteworthy is the delicious bass solo in the middle of the song.
The album continues with 'Back to the Family', a song which Anderson must have written to prove that he also had a great voice besides his capabilities as flute player. Moreover, guitarist Martin Barre performs a great solo towards the end, something he repeats in an even better way on the next track, the ballad 'Look Into The Sun'. But just like last week's album, the best songs are saved for the second part. 'Fat Man' reinvents blues by inserting eastern instruments like the sitar and the notorious balalaika. But it even gets better.
For me personally, the last three songs of the album are the best ones. The most melodic of them all is 'We Used To Know', on which Anderson performs the best melancholic vocals I've prolly ever heard. It's chord progression and even the guitar solo in the end was used later by the Eagles for their monster hit 'Hotel California', as they liked the song very much while supporting Tull on their tours in the seventies. 'Hotel California' might have become the greatest hit, 'We Used To Know' is the real stuff. Make your own judgment on that one. The song gets a melancholic sequel on 'Reasons For Waiting', a love song which blends the acoustic guitar and the flute beautifully together.
The album doesn't fade out after this one because you'll be shaken completely around again by it's final piece: 'For A Thousand Mothers'. Anderson's flute is more aggressive than ever on this uptempo track and just when you think the storm has ended he strikes back one more time with a solo. Certainly check out the album if you don't know it because if you like it, there's a lot more waiting for you.
Top Tracks:
1. Reasons For Waiting
2. We Used To Know
3. For A Thousand Mothers


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3/4 Double Socket
Compatible: 3/4 Coolant Hose System ID 20 mm 1,5 BAR
Technical Data Sheet
Material: Acetal Copolymer (POM)
Working Temperature: -20° C to 80° C
Max. Temperature of use: 80° C
Melting Point: 165° C
Modular Coolant Hose Tuboflex
Can be used with coolants, fluids and air lines. Suitable for all wet machining, spark erosion.
Flow direction is easily and accurately positioned with no spring-back. All parts are fully interchangeable and fully replaceable.
Manufactured from Acetal - non-conductive and chemical resistant.
You might also like


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How Do I Let It Go? |
"Do not remember the former things, Nor consider the things of old. Behold, I will do a new thing, Now it shall spring forth; Shall you not know it? I will even make a road in the wilderness, And rivers in the desert." Isaiah 43:18-19 (NKJV)
Three-year-old Elle arched her arm and pointed her fingers. "You're frozen, Gaga!"
I stopped in place, one arm behind me, the other in the air. She giggled, then quickly unfroze me.
If you are in the vicinity of anyone under the age of 6, you're familiar with the movie, Frozen. In it, two sisters struggle in their relationship with each other and in finding acceptance.
At one point Elsa, the older sister, sings these words:
"Let it go, let it go ...
"And I'll rise like the break of dawn ..."
Let it go.
Those are words I sensed God speaking to me years ago.
Let go of the past that you cannot undo.
Let go of the warped view you have of yourself. It doesn't match the one I have as your Heavenly Father.
Let go of the hurts that hold you too tightly.
Just as I playfully stood frozen while my granddaughter giggled, there was another time when I felt frozen. I couldn't take a step toward healing.
"Let it go, sweet daughter," was a whisper I heard from God to discover the Suzie He saw me to be.
Maybe you've sensed God asking you to let something — or someone — go.
Let go of the mistakes you once made. I've forgiven you.
Let go of the anger that's consuming your thoughts.
Let go of condemnation, so you can live free.
You want that desperately, but it can be hard to let go when you don't know what that means. May I share the definition of letting go with you? It was freeing for me when I finally understood it.
Letting go is giving up what is beyond your control to embrace what you can change.
In Isaiah 43:18-19, God spoke to His people through the prophet Isaiah saying: "Do not remember the former things, Nor consider the things of old. Behold, I will do a new thing, Now it shall spring forth; Shall you not know it? I will even make a road in the wilderness, And rivers in the desert."
The people held so tightly to the past that they missed the new things God wanted to show them.
God speaks the same warning and truth to us. We can't control the past, but we can focus on the miracles around us today.
We can't control the words that once shaped our hearts, but we can replace them with truth from Scripture.
We can't control negative people, but we can choose joy for ourselves.
Letting go isn't easy in the beginning, because holding on is our natural response. But there's so much hope! Just as the prophet Isaiah describes new roads in the desert and rivers in the wilderness, as we give up what we can't control to embrace what we can change, new ways of thinking, relating and living are carved into our very being.
And the beautiful thing about letting go?
It doesn't just change us.
It has the power to alter the next generation, and the next after that, like the cute little blonde-haired, blue-eyed darling chasing her Gaga through the house, singing, "Let it go!"
Dear Jesus, I've wanted to let go for a long time, but I didn't know how to do that. Now that I do, I'm ready to take that leap of faith. I give up what I cannot control to embrace what I can. Thank You for carving new roads in the desert of my heart and new rivers in the wilderness of my life. In Jesus' Name, Amen.
Philippians 3:12-14, "Not that I have already obtained this or am already perfect, but I press on to make it my own, because Christ Jesus has made me his own. Brothers, I do not consider that I have made it my own. But one thing I do: forgetting what lies behind and straining forward to what lies ahead, I press on toward the goal for the prize of the upward call of God in Christ Jesus." (ESV)
Suzie's newest book, The Mended Heart: God's Healing for Your Broken Places is a powerful resource to help you as you heal from past heartaches.
Would you like to bring Suzie Eller to your church? Click here to learn more about Suzie as your next retreat or keynote speaker. You can also visit Suzie's blog today, where she takes this topic deeper.
You might also enjoy Karen Ehman's book, Let. It. Go.
Write down one thing you've been trying to control. Now, list those things that are within your influence.
Write one way you can give up trying to control what you cannot change to embrace what you can.
© 2014 by Suzie Eller. All rights reserved.
Proverbs 31 Ministries
630 Team Rd., Suite 100
Matthews, NC 28105
Originally published Friday, 01 August 2014.


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Second Inversion hosts share a favorite selection from their weekly playlist. Tune in on Friday, May 11 to hear these pieces and plenty of other new and unusual music from all corners of the classical genre!
Pauline Oliveros: "Pauline's Solo" (Innova Recordings)
Pauline Oliveros, accordion
"Listen to everything all the time and remind yourself when you are not listening," Pauline Oliveros said in her 1998 keynote address at the ArtSci98 symposium.
Twenty years later, those words have come to encapsulate the astonishing legacy left behind by the late composer, who passed away in 2016. An artist, accordionist, and pioneer of experimental and electronic art music, Oliveros is remembered for her revolutionary tape experiments, her poetic and aleatoric musical scores, her groundbreaking musical philosophies, and above all, her unwavering devotion to the exploration of sound.
"Pauline's Solo" embodies that legacy. It is an intimate, improvised accordion solo that explores not melody so much as the music of sound—the clattering keys, wavering dissonances, swelling drones, and fluttering breaths of the instrument easing the listener into musical hypnosis. – Maggie Molloy
Tune in to Second Inversion in the 2pm hour today to hear this piece.
No Lands: "Icefisher" (New Amsterdam)
Michael Hammond, electronics
Michael Hammond's recording project No Lands opens it's album Negative Space with a confusingly-titled track. Despite being titled "Icefisher," this piece brings a distinct sense of warmth. The slow, bendy chords are reminiscent of surf rock, while the heavy electronic static might be a sonic translation of the sensation of relaxing outdoors on an evening that is too hot. The end result? This track makes me want immediate access to a cold drink and a lawn chair. – Seth Tompkins
Tune in to Second Inversion in the 4pm hour today to hear this piece.
William Brittelle: Hieroglyphics Baby (New Amsterdam)
If you're looking for some Friday night grooves, William Brittelle's got the tune for you. "Hieroglyphics Baby" is a colorful art-pop-meets-classical mashup from his full-length, lip-synched (when live) concept album Mohair Time Warp. Tongue-in-cheek lyrics spiral through Technicolor melodies in this art music adventure that splashes through at least six musical genres in the span of three minutes. See if you can keep up. – Maggie Molloy
Tune in to Second Inversion in the 6pm hour today to hear this piece.
György Ligeti: Lux Aeterna (EMI Records)
Groupe Vocal de France
It's always fascinating for me to hear the atonal landscape of György Ligeti applied to vocal works—for me, it magnifies the majesty and magic that is a somewhat lesser characteristic of his instrumental compositions that I know and love. Lux Aeterna is a highly difficult work for 16-part mixed choir that uses constantly shifting rhythms and high notes for all vocal parts to create a floating, ethereal feeling. Stanley Kubrick was attracted to its celestial sound, using it in his film 2001: A Space Odyssey. The Latin text comes from the Catholic Requiem Mass, and translates to:
"May everlasting light shine upon them, O Lord, with thy saints in eternity, for thou art merciful. Grant them eternal rest, O Lord, and may everlasting light shine upon them."
Tune in to Second Inversion in the 9pm hour today to hear this piece.


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Discovering Repertoire Level 3 CD
(Price inc-VAT)£17.49
(Price ex-VAT)Contains all the music for the Discovering Repertoire class, development exercises and variations for Male/Female. The Sleeping Beauty and Paquita. To be used in conjunction with the Level 3 Book, DVD and Printed Music.
The Royal Academy of Dance's Discovering Repertoire programme has been created with the aim of preserving the heritage of classical ballet as an art form and keeping the history of the discipline alive. Each level consists of a basic class unit and two units comprising a breakdown of simple development exercises, leading to a variation from a well-known classical ballet: these include Coppélia, Giselle, The Sleeping Beauty, Paquita, Swan Lake and The Nutcracker. The variations have been adapted for this programme and are similar to those performed on stage.


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Dubtrot: My Little Pony dubstep
You've probably seen the NY Times correction that everyone's talking about. Ok, not everyone, just everyone who works in media. Anyway, here it is:
An article on Monday about Jack Robison and Kirsten Lindsmith, two college students with Asperger syndrome who are navigating the perils of an intimate relationship, misidentified the character from the animated children's TV show "My Little Pony" that Ms. Lindsmith said she visualized to cheer herself up. It is Twilight Sparkle, the nerdy intellectual, not Fluttershy, the kind animal lover.
Here is said article. Jim Romenesko talked to Amy Harmon, the reporter who wrote the article, and uncovered this magical tidbit:
I was accompanying Kirsten to school, taking notes on my laptop as she drove. She was listening to music on her iPod known to Pony fans as "dubtrot," — a take-off on "dubstep," get it? — in which fans remix songs and dialogue from the show with electronic dance music.
Dubtrot! And leave it Urban Dictionary to gild the lily.
Dubstep music relating to My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic. Often created by bronies, dubtrot can include dubstep remixes of songs from the show and original pieces created as homage or in reference to the show.
Bronies! Defined as:
The term used to describe the fan community(usually of the older group, males and females) of the show My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic.
Anyway, would you like to listen to some dubtrot? Of course you would: Rainbowstep, Rainbow Dubtrot, and fluttershymix.


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Add to Calendar
June 5, 2023 @ 12:00 pm – 12:30 pm
The Local Bands Show
Mondays Noonish
Hosts: Rick Allison & Frank Critelli
A weekly half hour (+) of some of the best bands from the Connecticut area.
Tune in to this exclusive rebroadcast every Monday about noon-ish to hear what's happening (or what's happened) thoughout the many varied local scenes that make up The Connecticut Music Scene.
Listen once, and you'll be a regular, just like everyone else out there in 50,000 watt land.


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Pages Written Especially for the Tours
The ACL2 Home Page is generated from ACL2's online documentation strings. (How else could we achieve the total integration of ACL2's online documentation with the home page?) This page is just an artifact of the structure of our documentation strings: each string must belong to a ``major section'' of the documentation database. This page is not structured to be used by a person browsing via the Web. It contains, in an arbitrary order, the pages written specifically for the Web user.
Furthermore, browsing the pages below as text, in particular using the ACL2 :DOC command, is often unsatisfying because because of the lack of support for displaying gif files or for going ``back'' to a node just visited. If you wish to look at the pages below, we strongly recommend that you do so via a HTML-based Web browser. Indeed, you should simply visit ACL2's Home Page and take one of the Tours.
Generally, the topics listed above will not be of use to the ACL2 user.


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We've all been there, and it's no fun. Perhaps it's the 24-hour flu bug, or maybe it was something you ate. Whatever the cause, now you're feeling queasy and sick.
The tips that follow are designed to reduce your discomfort and help relieve your symptoms as quickly as possible. If vomiting is violent or persists for more than 24 hours or if your vomit contains blood or looks like coffee grounds, see a physician without delay.
Evaluate the cause and treat the symptoms accordingly. Nausea and vomiting are two vague symptoms that can be caused by many illnesses and conditions. How you respond to and treat them depends on what's causing them.
For example, if your nausea is the result of a migraine, treating the migraine (with medication, a cold compress, rest, quiet, and darkness) will also help with the nausea and vomiting. If your upset stomach is caused by gastroesophageal reflux, you can alleviate your symptoms by taking an over-the-counter (OTC) medication and doing whatever else your doctor has advised you to do when your reflux flares up. Of course, there are other possible causes of nausea and vomiting, too.
Once you've identified the source of your discomfort, you're on the path to a cure. Go to the next page to read about some of the best home remedies for nausea and vomiting.
For more information about conditions related to nausea and other digestive problems, try the following links:
- To see all of our home remedies and the conditions they treat, go to our main Home Remedies page.
- Home Remedies for Food Poisoning will show you how to ease the pain and symptoms of eating the wrong thing.
- Find out which Home Remedies for Irritable Bowel Syndrome could work for you or someone you love.
- To learn more about how to prevent sensitivity to dairy products, read our Home Remedies for Lactose Intolerance page.
- Get great ideas on how to settle your queasy tummy by reading Home Remedies for Upset Stomachs.
This information is solely for informational purposes. IT IS NOT INTENDED TO PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. Neither the Editors of Consumer Guide (R), Publications International, Ltd., the author nor publisher take responsibility for any possible consequences from any treatment, procedure, exercise, dietary modification, action or application of medication which results from reading or following the information contained in this information. The publication of this information does not constitute the practice of medicine, and this information does not replace the advice of your physician or other health care provider. Before undertaking any course of treatment, the reader must seek the advice of their physician or other health care provider.


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Battle: Los Angeles
Defend LA now on the Xbox 360 and PC.
Konami Digital Entertainment, Inc. and Saber Interactive today released Battle: Los Angeles for download on Xbox LIVE® Arcade in conjunction with the release of the Columbia Pictures feature film. The game will also be available on Windows PC download via Steam®, Direct2Drive, and OnLive®, and will be released later this month on PlayStation®Network on March 22 nd. Players will have the opportunity to relive the thrill of the movie as they assume the role of Corporal Lee Imlay and fight alongside characters from the film and defend the city of Los Angeles from attacks from unknown forces. Xbox 360™ players will also have the opportunity to play the game in 3D using select 3D TVs that support stereoscopic 3D display.*
Developed by Saber Interactive and powered by the Saber 3D Engine, Battle: Los Angeles is a high-end fast and frantic first-person shooter game that will take players through a single player campaign that mirrors the upcoming feature film. Players will assume the role of a Marine fighting against a worldwide alien invasion that has the city of Los Angeles as the major battleground and focal point for the game. Players will battle unique and varied enemies using an arsenal of weapons throughout the game like an assault rifle, sniper rifle, rocket launcher, frag grenades, and a turret gun as they navigate the streets of Los Angeles avoiding fierce and relentless attacks. Aside from high-caliber fire fighting combat, destructible environments have been included using the Havok Destruction Module which will allow players to destroy scaffolding structures, vehicles and overpasses to eliminate enemy forces. With unlockable content, trophy support, and 5.1 surround sound, Battle: Los Angeles will pull players deep into the heart of the battle to save mankind.
Battle: Los Angeles the video game is now available on Xbox LIVE Arcade for 800 Microsoft Points with the PlayStation Network version coming out on March 22 nd for $9.99. The Windows PC download via Steam will be available later this month as well as on select digital distribution channels. Battle: Los Angeles is rated T for Teen by the ESRB.
For additional information, please visit www.konami.com. To download screenshots and the official game trailer please visit www.Konami.com/download.


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Connecting to a 3rd party application using Application Links
Application Links is a bundled app that allows you to connect Bitbucket Data Center and Server and other Atlassian tools to set up links, share information, and provide access to resources or functionality.
Application Links can also be used to connect Bitbucket (and other Atlassian tools) with 3rd party applications. We've done this ourselves with Jenkins: we enabled an outgoing Application Link from Bitbucket to Jenkins, allowing users to perform Jenkins actions from within Bitbucket.
On this page we use Jenkins as an example to explain how to:
- Make your 3rd party application compatible with Application Links.
- Create an outgoing Application link from Bitbucket to your 3rd party application.
Application Links is based on the OAuth 1.0a protocol. This page explains how to set up a 3rd party application as an OAuth provider. It doesn't explain how to set it up as an OAuth consumer as this can be done easily using existing libraries.
On this page:
Related pages:
- Related page
Terms used in this article
- OAuth 1.0a - OAuth is an open standard for access delegation. It's commonly used as a way for Internet users to grant websites or applications access to their information on other websites without giving them their passwords. Application Links is based on OAuth 1.0a, and all references to OAuth in this article relate to this protocol.
- Resource owner - An end user who owns the resource. For example, a Jenkins Job.
- Client - An application that makes OAuth calls on behalf of a resource owner.
- OAuth provider - An application that allows a client to create a token that will be used later for authentication.
- OAuth consumer - A client that is an OAuth consumer. The OAuth consumer will ask the OAuth provider for various tokens. These tokens will be explained later.
- 3-legged OAuth dance - This process is explained on Github in these diagrams.
Application link options
Your Application Link can be:
- Outgoing/incoming, or both.
- Automatically created or manually created.
Outgoing/incoming, or both
If an Application Link is outgoing/incoming (outgoing for one application, incoming for the other application), only one party can perform actions on the other. If it's both outgoing and incoming, like in Atlassian products, both parties can perform actions on each other.
In our Jenkins example, the Application Link is outgoing/incoming. It is:
Outgoing from Bitbucket, the OAuth consumer | → | Incoming for Jenkins, the OAuth provider |
In this arrangement:
- Jenkins provides access tokens to Bitbucket. Jenkins users are resource owners while the Jenkins server acts as an OAuth provider.
- Bitbucket consumes these tokens and uses them to perform actions on Jenkins.
- Jenkins, however, cannot perform actions on Bitbucket.
This also means that Jenkins needs to manage token creation and handling, and it needs to expose endpoints to generate request tokens, to generate access tokens, and for authorization.
Automatically created or manually created
When connecting Atlassian applications, Application Link creation is automatic. How this works is explained in the Jira documentation.
When connecting Atlassian applications with 3rd party applications, the Application Link must be created manually. An example of how to do this is explained in our plugin readme.
In our Jenkins example, Jenkins is an OAuth provider only, so the Application Link needs to be created manually. This process can be tedious, but it only needs to be done once.
Making your 3rd party application compatible with Application Links
To make your 3rd party application compatible with Application Links:
- Decide if the Application Link from Bitbucket needs to be outgoing, incoming, or both.
- Implement OAuth:
- For an outgoing link from Bitbucket, your 3rd party application needs to be configured as an OAuth provider.
- For a bidirectional link from Bitbucket, your 3rd party application needs to be configured as an OAuth provider and also needs to act as an OAuth Consumer.
See below for how to do this:
Configuring your 3rd party application as an OAuth provider
To be an OAuth provider, your 3rd party application needs to:
- Do token handling.
- Have exposed endpoints:
- To generate request tokens
- To generate access tokens
- For authorization to generate authorization code.]
For a more concrete example of how this can be done, take a look at the OAuth provider guide that we've written for our integration plugin for Jenkins. It explains how you can potentially copy and reuse the Application Link module to quickly configure your 3rd party application as an OAuth provider.
Configuring your 3rd party application as an OAuth consumer
There are many libraries that work out of the box for configuring your 3rd party application as an OAuth consumer. For example, Scribe.
Once your 3rd party application is an OAuth provider and consumer, you can manually create a bidirectional Application Link between it and Bitbucket and perform actions on both ends.


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TORn Classic:
Other Events:
Ojai Music Festival Open House |
Ojai Music Festival Open House - 550x413, 63kB |
Information: |
Every year the Ojai Music Festival has a house tour to help raise funds. This was the 61st year of the Festival and there was what has to have been the crowning jewel of houses on the tour. It was the Whitman House as noted on The One Ring on November 7th. This stunning home was designed and built by noted architect Marc Whitman and his wife Julia. Julia�s father bought the original home that had been built in the 1930�s as part of a cattle ranch. Marc remodeled the home in two phases with an eye to influence by art nouveau and gothic revival � especially Antoni Gaudi and Bernard Maybeck. The delightful result is a home that, to a Tolkien fan�s eyes, looks like a combination of a hobbit hole and Rivendell. Mr. Whitman�s philosophy is that �Nature is the standard on which we weigh our sense of beauty.� The home and gardens (as designed by Mrs. Whitman) fit as seamlessly into the natural landscape of the hills of Ojai as any elfin home. Each room of the home is a cozy individually sculpted creation that would please the most discerning hobbit. Mr. Whitman believes �Integrating architecture and nature is the ultimate marriage of mind and heart.� Mr. and Mrs. Whitman had a charming story about the round hobbit door of their home. That part of the house was completed just two weeks after the opening of Peter Jackson�s Fellowship of the Ring. They were teased at how lovely their �hobbit door� was, as though they had somehow put it together in just a few weeks! If you are interested in learning more about the other works of Mr. Whitman please visit his website at www.whitman-architect.com. If you would like to learn more about the Ojai Music Festival please visit their website at http://www.ojaifestival.org/. I would like to personally thank Mr. and Mrs. Whitman for the privilege of photographing their beautiful home. |
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- Check out this bat twirling bear. Video here. (Hat Tip: ShysterBall)
- This is the best stadium give-away ever. The Saint Paul Saints will be giving away a limited edition "Bobble-Feet" at today's game featuring one of the funniest stories to come out of Minnesota last year. Senator Larry Craig will be forever enshrined in Baseball lore.
A Saints press release notes that, "It doesn't matter if your tapping style is done with a 'wide stance.'"
(Hat Tip: Atrios) Update: The Larry Craig bobblefeets are already selling for big bucks on eBay. - Terry Tiffee instead of Andy LaRoche? Rob of 6-4-2 says it ain't right. On the other hand, MSTI takes credit for starting a Free Terry Tiffee campaign.
- Erin of Beantown West was in Chicago to take in a White Sox game and ran into Carlton Fisk Night.
- Just when you've heard everything. A minor leaguer was traded for a bunch of bats.
For now, Odom is headed to the Laredo Broncos of the United League. They got him Tuesday from the Calgary Vipers of the Golden Baseball League for a most unlikely price: 10 Prairie Sticks Maple Bats, double-dipped black, 34-inch, C243 style.
(Hat Tip: Baseball Card Blog) - Orel talks poker and Baseball.
A lot of the skills are transferable; the preparation, the ability to control your emotions, the ability to understand when the moment is, the ability not to make a snap decision, the ability to understand limping or pitching around a guy, and the ability to fold and intentionally walk somebody. Going after a guy because that is the only thing you can do, because runners are at second and third and you only have a one-run lead, and the blinds are up to 4,000 and you only have 16,000 in chips; you know, I've got to go with my best pitch, I've got to all in — those kind of comparisons.
(Hat Tip: Dodgerfan) - Just another gimmick card. Topps Bowman has a new insert set featuring autographed cards of 20 Major League scouts, including a mystery scout who would rather remain anonymous.
Sunday, May 25, 2008
Weekly Blog Kiosk 5/25/2008
Let's win one for the kid.
1 comment:
- AnonymousMonday, May 26, 2008 1:40:00 PM
There's a new blog on the Web:
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The staff of Quilting Arts magazine has just launched their latest creation, In Stitches, a one-of-a-kind special issue that "celebrates hand and machine stitching." It is available only as a digital download. That means you can download it onto your computer, and use it on or offline. You can download the magazine and the software you'll need to view and use it, on PC or on Macintosh for $14.97.
In Stitches is designed to include more in-depth articles, and to present them in a completely different way, through videos, slideshows, and patterns for projects you can easily print out and use. It includes interviews, articles, photos, videos, stitching tutorials, tips, techniques, and more.
My fabric vase pattern is included (that's it with the sunflowers in the image above).


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074. Natural population increase map
Natural population increase map
The population maps focus on current patterns of the settlement and demographic situation in the Baikal basin. They relate to a complex of underlying social, economic and ecological factors.
The population maps of the Baikal basin are based on the statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation and National Statistical Office of Mongolia. Also important were the data from population censuses of Russia and Mongolia and the data of the current measurements of demographic events. The authors used statistical sources to calculate indicators for territories included into the Baikal basin.
The distribution of settlements within the Baikal basin is quite irregular. There are four locations of the regional concentration of the population. In Irkutsk oblast, the main settlement belt along the Trans-Siberian Railway stretches from the western border of the region up to Lake Baikal. Here, there are many agricultural settlements and the majority of large administrative and economic centers, where manufacturing sector dominates the economy. Irkutsk – a large multi-functional center – tops the group of these settlements. Only sparsely populated the Olkhon and Slyudyanka districts and part of the Irkutsk district fully lie within the Baikal basin. In the direct vicinity of Lake Baikal, but in the Angara basin, there are cities of Irkutsk and Shelekhov. In the Republic of Buryatia, there is a major settlement area around Ulan-Ude with a maximum concentration to the south of the city. Geographic differences in the specialization of settlements have emerged. Settlements involved in manufacturing and transportation are overwhelmingly dominant along the Trans-Siberian Railway. In Southern Buryatia, there are mostly agricultural settlements. In Zabaikalsky krai, there are three settlement networks: settlements involved in manufacturing and transportation located along the railway; mining settlements near deposits; and agricultural settlements located south of Chita in the forest-steppe and steppe zone. In Mongolia, the population is mainly concentrated in the central region – from Ulaanbaatar in the south to Sukhbaatar in the north. Three largest cities of the country and more than a half of its population are located in this area. The other territories of the Mongolian part of the Baikal basin are sparsely populated.
Distribution of the population and the degree of the settlement of the territory are displayed on the maps "Density of population (as of 1.1.2013)"; "Density of rural population and population size of urban settlements (as of 1.1.1989)"; "Density of rural population and population size of urban settlements (as of 1.1.2013)".
The Baikal region belongs to sparsely and unevenly populated territories. The population density of the Baikal basin is 17 times lower than the world's average of 53 persons/km2. The population density in the Russian part of the basin is 2.9 persons/km2, which is nine times lower than in the European part of Russia (26 persons/km2).
The intra-regional differentiation of settlement patterns is stipulated by several spatial gradients of the population density decrease, with the main gradient leading from the center (capitals and administrative centers) to the periphery. Other gradients are also present in particular territories. Thus, in the Russian part of the basin, the population density tends to decrease as it goes from the south to the north and from the west to the east. The Russian-Mongolian border for the most part rather separates than unites the areas of settlement, except for one direction. The core of this direction is the Selenga Valley, where an area with a highly dense population has formed between Ulaanbaatar and Ulan-Ude.
The territories around large cities, like the regional centers Irkutsk, Ulan-Ude and Chita, are most densely populated. Along with the areas with dense population, there are also virtually unpopulated territories of tens of thousands square kilometers in area. The distribution of rural population is less contrasting than the urban one. The main clusters of rural population are located in the forest-steppe and steppe zones, where the density of population may reach 10-20 persons/km2. Rural population is mainly concentrated in the south of Irkutsk oblast (around Irkutsk) and in the central part of Buryatia (south of Ulan-Ude).
The major cities of the Russian part of the basin grew along the transportation lines. Thus, 11 out of 13 towns are located along the railways. Only Zakamensk and Kyakhta are located away from the railroad. In the Mongolian part of the basin, the connection of urban settlements to transportation lines is less pronounced with only five out of 12 towns being situated on the railways.
The map "Dynamics of the population size (1989-2013)" shows considerable changes in the population size – a situation, where a high concentration of the population in a few largest centers is followed by depopulation of vast territories.
In the Russian part of the basin, there were two clear patterns of the population size dynamics from 1989 to 2013. Firstly, the decrease of population tends to be more pronounced from the southwest to the northeast. Secondly, the population dynamics in regional centers (Irkutsk, Ulan-Ude, and Chita) and their suburbs is relatively positive. Population growth is observed only in the Irkutsk, Shelekhov, and Olkhon districts of Irkutsk oblast, Ivolga district of the Republic of Buryatia and Chita district of Zabaikalsky krai. The record level growth of population (over 160 %) was recorded in the suburban Ivolginsky and Irkutsk districts. The biggest drop in the population takes place in the localities that are classified as districts of the Far North, with the Muisky and Severobaikalsky districts of the Republic of Buryatia loosing over half of their population.
In the Mongolian part of the Baikal basin, population growth is registered on over a half of the nation's territory. The main Mongolian cities – Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia, (244 % to the level of 1989), Erdenet, and Darkhan are the fastest growing cities. The Khovsgol and Selenga aimags also demonstrate a significant growth of population. The population in the four aimags of Arkhangai, Zavkhan, Tov, and Khentei decreases due to an outward migration of residents.
The contrasting nature of the population dynamics within the Baikal basin is quite distinct:
– The Russian part of the Baikal basin is characterized by the type of the population dynamics, where an outward migration is several times higher than a natural population decline;
– The Mongolian part is characterized by the type of the population dynamics, where a natural increase of population prevails over inward migration.
Territorial specifics of demographic development are shown on the map "Natural increase of population".
In the Baikal basin, different modes of reproduction of population exist along with a wide variety of quantitative parameters of demographic processes. In general, it is possible to identify two types of population reproduction. Thus, all of Mongolia, Tuva and part of Buryatia are characterized by an expanded type of reproduction with high birth rates, average mortality, and a significant natural growth. The Baikal region of Irkutsk oblast, Zabaikalsky krai, and most of Buryatia is characterized by a narrow type of reproduction with low birth rates, high mortality, and a natural population decline or insignificant natural growth. The annual natural growth of the population in Mongolian aimags is 17-19%. In the Russian part of the basin, natural movement of the population led to mixed results, where 23 municipalities showed population increase, while 10 municipalities had natural decline. With an average natural population increase of 1.4 per mille, there were significant variations – from the decline ranging from -5 to -6% (in the Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky, Irkutsk and Olkhon districts) to the increase exceeding 10 pro mille (10.4% in the Dzhida district, 12.1% in the Kizhinga District, and 16.0% in the Tere-Khol district). The natural population increase in the Mongolian capital Ulaanbaatar was 17.2%, while the increase in the Russian regional centers Ulan-Ude and Chita was 4.3% and 3.4%, respectively, with the decline of -2.7 % in Irkutsk.
The map "Urbanization of the territory" shows the proportion of urban population in Russian municipal districts and Mongolian aimags. The share of urban population exceeds 74% of the entire population and is composed of a few territories. The level of the urbanization of the population exceeds the world's average (51%) by nearly one and half times, however, the level of the urbanization of the territory is low. Urban territories mainly include settlements located along the railways, as well as densely populated administrative centers. In the Mongolian part of the Baikal basin, only Ulaanbaatar and the Orkhon and Darkhan-uul aimags are highly urbanized, while the remaining nine aimags have only a small share of urban population (17.5%-34.9 %). In Mongolia, administrative centers of every aimag must be urban settlements. However, in Russia, the legislation does not mandate municipalities to have urban settlements. Therefore, in the Russian part of the basin, as of 2013, 14 districts did not have urban population at all. Some settlements (Barguzin, Ivolginsk, Kyren, and Khorinsk) rejected their urban status in the process of municipal reforms of the 2000s. The population of Mongolian towns within the basin nearly doubled in 1989-2013, with the population of Ulaanbaatar growing from 540.6 to 1,318.1 thousand people. The population of the largest cities in the Russian part of the basin did not change that much: in Irkutsk, it grew from 572.4 to 606.1 thousand people, in Ulan-Ude – from 352.5 to 416.1, while in Chita it declined from 365.8 to 331.3 thousand people.
The main results of migration processes in 2010-2012 are shown on the map "Migratory increase of population".
In Russia, including the Baikal basin, the last two decades witnessed a significant decrease of migration activity of the population. However, outward migration from the region remains high and reproduces almost annually from the mid-1990s up to now. Population movement has mostly become intra-regional – the intra-regional migration turnover makes about 2/3 of relocations in the Baikal basin. The intra-Russian interregional migration causes migration losses, while migratory relationships with the CIS countries contribute to a considerable growth of population.
Redistribution of the population between the constituent parts of the Baikal region is intensive including some tens of thousands people annually. In 2010-2012, on average 66.5 thousand people arrived, and 58.6 thousand left. In the Baikal region, the average annual migration increment was 7.9 thousand people. However, it was due to the growth in the attractive for migrants cities of Irkutsk and the Irkutsk district (+9.3 thousand people), Ulan-Ude (+3.4 thousand people) and Chita (+2.9 thousand people). The total growth of the population in these cities was 15.6 thousand people. The rest of the region experienced the outflow of residents totaling 7.7 thousand people. Migration redistribution leads to the growth of the population in regional centers and their suburbs. Only 10 municipalities had a migratory growth, while the rest 24 showed a decline. The intensity of migrant arrivals is highest (twice as high as average) in the suburban Irkutsk and Ivolginsky districts, while the intensity of departures is highest (twice as high as average) in the undeveloped Dzhida, Kizhinga and Muisky districts. Against this backdrop, the Russian part of the Baikal basin has two migration poles – the Irkutsk and Dzhida districts, where an average annual migration balance is +47.4% and -46.0%, accordingly.
In general, the majority of territories is characterized by a progressive outward migration, which is compounded by unfavorable structural features of the outflow (with young and educated groups of people leaving the region). The results of migration movement are clearly expressed in terms of the center-periphery relationship: there are three areas of migration growth in the Russian part of the basin (Irkutsk, Ulan-Ude, and Chita with their suburban districts) and one in the Mongolian part, which combines the capital Ulaanbaatar and the aimags lying to the north of it – Selenge, Orkhon, and Darkhan.


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Did you happen to purchase one of Seidio's humongous 3800mAh extended batteries for your Galaxy Nexus? If you did, then you may have noticed that your Near Field Communication (NFC) abilities had been cut short. But now, Seidio has re-released the same battery, only with NFC power inside. For just $20, previous buyers of the first version of the tank battery can have the new version with NFC. Unfortunately, if you didn't buy the old one, this new one is going to run you a steep $75.
Thank you for your interest in our newest release: Innocell 3800mAh Extended Life Battery with NFC. If you have purchased our battery without NFC (near field communication) prior to February 29, 2012, you are eligible to purchase a new battery at a discounted rate.
1) For only $20 plus shipping and handling, we will send out another battery that has NFC built-into it. (This battery dimension has not changed and you can continue using your current battery door). Feel free to keep your current battery and use it as a spare. You will not need to return your original battery to us!
So, is $75 worth a few days of your phone not dying?
Via: Seidio
Cheers BaldyPal!


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Our VMC Club offers monthly meetings in which pilots can network and share knowledge and experience.
The meetings use real-world scenarios to engage members, and allow a free exchange of information that improves awareness and skills. The intent is to create a community of pilots willing to share information, provide recognition, foster communications, promote safety, and build proficiency.
The VMC Club monthly programming is developed and produced by EAA, but it does not use a lecture or presentation format. Instead, an actual scenario is presented and is followed by a group discussion – so audience participation is encouraged! Since everyone has a different experience level and different airplane capabilities, we can all benefit from the discussion.


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Gorilla Mudguard Black
ILIN protection Gorilla mudguard provides exceptional protection for your face and for the front suspension on any speed. Made of 1 mm thick recyclable polypropylene. Fits 26″-29″ front fork with the standard (e.g. FOX, RockShox) gorilla. Fits rear triange of the frame and protects the rear shock as well as front derailleur and crankset from mud.
4 black nylon ties included.


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Make | Model | Engine | Power | HW | SW | ECU | Size | Price | Download | Details |
VW | 1.4 | 8V | 44.1KW | 0261204913 | 1037352360 | Bosch | 512 kB | 9.50 € | ||
VW | 1.4 | 8V | 44.1KW | 0261207593 | 1037362259 | Bosch | 512 kB | 9.50 € |
Make | Model | Engine | Power | HW | SW | ECU | Size | Price | Download | Details |
VW | 1.4 | 8V | 44.1KW | 0261204913 | 1037352360 | Bosch | 512 kB | 9.50 € | ||
VW | 1.4 | 8V | 44.1KW | 0261207593 | 1037362259 | Bosch | 512 kB | 9.50 € |
Carpro d.o.o. regularly sends invitations and various notices and keeps you informed about events and news that you might be interested in. The new European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which entered into force on May 25, 2018, imposes an obligation on us to collect, process, mediating and storing your information for this, we obtain retroactive consent from you. In order for you to continue to send invitations and notifications to us and to keep you informed of what is happening in the future, we need your approval. Please read the following statement and confirm it by selecting checkbox that you agree.
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I agree I do not agree3. Database ECU LIST (XLS) › Database ecu excel list,
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Original files will be downloaded by link to which you will be redirected after
so pay attention to click it and wait until 800mb zip file is completely transferred
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Once you download original files and also website database list excel,
you can not get your money back - no refund is available.


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Category: Outdoor Photography
February 13, 2018
These cases are perfectly simple and easy to distinguish
Blowzy red vixens fight for a quick jump. Joaquin Phoenix was gazed by MTV for luck. A wizard's job is to vex chumps quickly in fog. In the cable TV quiz show. Amazingly few discotheques provide jukeboxes. Alex Trebek's fun TV quiz game. Woven silk pyjamas exchanged for blue quartz. Brawny gods just flocked up […]
Read more


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ROG Delta Core gaming headset delivers immersive gaming audio and incredible comfort and supports PC, PS4, Xbox One, Nintendo switch and mobile devices
- Exclusive ASUS Essence drivers, airtight chamber and audio signal diversion technology for an immersive audio experience
- Cross-platform support for PC, Mac, PS4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch and mobile devices
- Upgraded comfort with ergonomic D-shaped ROG Hybrid ear cushions
- Physical controls on ear cup for easy volume adjustments and microphone muting
Hi-Res Audio For All Your Gaming
ROG Delta Core is a 3.5mm gaming headset that supports all of your favorite gaming platforms: PC, Mac, mobile phones, PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Nintendo Switch. Equipped with exclusive ASUS Essence drivers, airtight chambers and audio signal diversion technology, ROG Delta Core delivers high-resolution sound and deep, punchy bass to fully immerse you in your games. Ergonomic D-shaped ear cups with ROG Hybrid ear cushions give you upgraded comfort, so you can game without fatigue. With superb sound quality and an excellent balance of features, ROG Delta Core is ready to become an essential component in your gaming arsenal.
Audio Signal Diversion Technology
With ROG Delta Core, the exclusive ASUS Essence drivers have been updated with Audio Signal Diversion technology, giving them a circular wall that helps separate high, low and medium frequency sounds, reducing interference between frequency ranges for purer and clearer audio. Additionally, the drivers feature a wide frequency response of 20Hz-40kHz to provide incredibly strong bass and optimized gaming sound, so you'll hear every detail while enjoying an all-around immersive acoustic experience.
Exclusive Airtight-Chamber Design
Fine-tuned by audio engineers, ROG Delta Core features an enlarged area around the drivers with an exclusive airtight-chamber design for improved isolation and pristine, natural-sounding audio.
Clear Communication
ROG Delta Core comes with a detachable, unidirectional boom microphone which is tuned to make your voice stand out for clearer and easier communication with your teammates.
Ergonomic D-shaped Ear Cup
ROG Delta Core has ergonomic, D-shaped ear cups that more closely match the shape of human ears compared to oval ear cups, reducing the unnecessary contact area by 20% for a better, more comfortable fit, especially when the headset is worn for long periods.
Angled For Better Comfort And Sound
The drivers inside each ear cup are tilted by 12 degrees, closely matching the natural angle of human ears. This sloped design not only provides better comfort, but also helps improve sound quality by enabling the audio signal to travel directly into the ear canal.
Instant Control At Your Fingertips
A volume wheel and microphone toggle on the ear cup let you make instant audio adjustments and mute or unmute your voice during gameplay. With intuitive controls right within reach, you can stay focused on your game instead of your gear.
Two Types Of Fit and Feel
ROG Delta Core provides two types of fit and feel for you to choose from based on your needs or preference. ROG Hybrid ear cushions, which combine protein leather and fabric mesh, are thicker, more breathable and provide a contoured fit, perfect for long gaming sessions. The protein leather cushions are comparatively thinner and softer, making them good for on-the-go use.
Multiplatform Compatibility
ROG Delta Core features a 3.5mm connector, which enables the headset to be used on almost any gaming platform, including PC, Mac, mobile phones, PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Nintendo Switch.


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Preteen Metal Band Unlocking the Truth Profiled on CNN
We reported on preteen metal act Unlocking the Truth earlier this year, but the Brooklyn-based metal act has now made it all the way to CNN. The news network recently aired a profile on the three-piece band, giving Unlocking the Truth a huge platform to lure in new fans.
Unlocking the Truth are best known for a viral YouTube video where the band unleashes a crushing breakdown for unsuspecting people in New York City. The clip has accumulated nearly 1.5 million views, and since the video's success, ULT have made television appearance on Fuse News TV and 'Totally Biased with W. Kamau Bell.' They even opened for ex-Slipknot drummer Joey Jordison's new band Scar the Martyr (see our pics of that show here).
In Unlocking the Truth's most recent TV appearance, CNN visited the band's practice space to record a jam session and interview the brutal seventh graders. "Us being black and having a heavy metal band is really tough, but then fun," says drummer Jarad Dawkins. The group's home town of Flatbush, Brooklyn is heavily steeped in hip-hop, so the story of young musicians developing their death metal craft is even more inspirational. "Heavy metal, the nail polish, the rock scene; they don't really see stuff like that," bassist Alec Atkins adds.
Although Unlocking the Truth haven't added vocals to their group yet, but guitarist Malcolm Brickhouse assures that he has written lyrics for the band. "Most of my lyrics right now are about being free," says Brickhouse.
Check out CNN's report on Unlocking the Truth above!


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Susan Combs
2004 Inductee
Public Service
Susan Combs, a fourth-generation rancher and Texan, was sworn into office in 1999 as the state's 10th commissioner of agriculture and the first woman to hold this position in the state's history. She was overwhelmingly re-elected to the position in 2002.
Combs received her law degree from the University of Texas School of Law and is a former assistant district attorney in Dallas. She served in the Texas Legislature from 1993-199,6 writing the state's major private property rights legislation. She was also a member of the House Committees on Natural Resources and Criminal Jurisprudence. In 1996, she joined the staff of U.S. Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison and worked as the senator's state director.
Combs served on the boards of the Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association, Texas Wildlife Association, Texas Natural Resources Foundation and on the national advisory board for Texas Wild. She served on the board of directors of the Texas Beef Council and the Texas Production Credit Association and is a member of the Texas Farm Bureau and the Independent Cattlemen's Association of Texas.
In November 2000, Combs received the Texas Tech University Gerald Thomas Outstanding Agriculturalist Award, which honors those who have made significant contributions to agriculture. In 2002, she was named Progressive Farmer's Leader of the Year in Texas Agriculture. In 2004, Commissioner Combs was recognized at the Time-ABC News Summit on Obesity as one of six national heroes in the fight against obesity and for her work to promote better nutrition in Texas schools.
Combs still maintains a cow-calf operation in Brewster County on the ranch established by her great-grandfather more than a century ago.
Page last updated 11:00 AM, February 5, 2020


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We are the leading citizens' movement to protect and celebrate Europe's cultural and natural heritage.
We are the voice of all who believe that cultural heritage is vital for our economy, our society, our culture, our environment, our well-being and for the future of Europe.
As Europeans – people who have lived here for generations as well as people who have newly arrived – we have to take full responsibility for transmitting this heritage in good shape to future generations.


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4.4: The Rights of Suspects
- Page ID
- 3333
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By the end of this section, you will be able to:
- Identify the rights of those suspected or accused of criminal activity
- Explain how Supreme Court decisions transformed the rights of the accused
- Explain why the Eighth Amendment is controversial regarding capital punishment
In addition to protecting the personal freedoms of individuals, the Bill of Rights protects those suspected or accused of crimes from various forms of unfair or unjust treatment. The prominence of these protections in the Bill of Rights may seem surprising. Given the colonists' experience of what they believed to be unjust rule by British authorities, however, and the use of the legal system to punish rebels and their sympathizers for political offenses, the impetus to ensure fair, just, and impartial treatment to everyone accused of a crime—no matter how unpopular—is perhaps more understandable. What is more, the revolutionaries, and the eventual framers of the Constitution, wanted to keep the best features of English law as well.
In addition to the protections outlined in the Fourth Amendment, which largely pertain to investigations conducted before someone has been charged with a crime, the next four amendments pertain to those suspected, accused, or convicted of crimes, as well as people engaged in other legal disputes. At every stage of the legal process, the Bill of Rights incorporates protections for these people.
Many of the provisions dealing with the rights of the accused are included in the Fifth Amendment; accordingly, it is one of the longest in the Bill of Rights. The Fifth Amendment states in full:
"No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation."
The first clause requires that serious crimes be prosecuted only after an indictment has been issued by a grand jury. However, several exceptions are permitted as a result of the evolving interpretation and understanding of this amendment by the courts, given the Constitution is a living document. First, the courts have generally found this requirement to apply only to felonies; less serious crimes can be tried without a grand jury proceeding. Second, this provision of the Bill of Rights does not apply to the states because it has not been incorporated; many states instead require a judge to hold a preliminary hearing to decide whether there is enough evidence to hold a full trial. Finally, members of the armed forces who are accused of crimes are not entitled to a grand jury proceeding.
The Fifth Amendment also protects individuals against double jeopardy, a process that subjects a suspect to prosecution twice for the same criminal act. No one who has been acquitted (found not guilty) of a crime can be prosecuted again for that crime. But the prohibition against double jeopardy has its own exceptions. The most notable is that it prohibits a second prosecution only at the same level of government (federal or state) as the first; the federal government can try you for violating federal law, even if a state or local court finds you not guilty of the same action. For example, in the early 1990s, several Los Angeles police officers accused of brutally beating motorist Rodney King during his arrest were acquitted of various charges in a state court, but some were later convicted in a federal court of violating King's civil rights.
The double jeopardy rule does not prevent someone from recovering damages in a civil case—a legal dispute between individuals over a contract or compensation for an injury—that results from a criminal act, even if the person accused of that act is found not guilty. One famous case from the 1990s involved former football star and television personality O. J. Simpson. Simpson, although acquitted of the murders of his ex-wife Nicole Brown and her friend Ron Goldman in a criminal court, was later found to be responsible for their deaths in a subsequent civil case and as a result was forced to forfeit most of his wealth to pay damages to their families.
Perhaps the most famous provision of the Fifth Amendment is its protection against self-incrimination, or the right to remain silent. This provision is so well known that we have a phrase for it: "taking the Fifth." People have the right not to give evidence in court or to law enforcement officers that might constitute an admission of guilt or responsibility for a crime. Moreover, in a criminal trial, if someone does not testify in his or her own defense, the prosecution cannot use that failure to testify as evidence of guilt or imply that an innocent person would testify. This provision became embedded in the public consciousness following the Supreme Court's 1966 ruling in Miranda v. Arizona, whereby suspects were required to be informed of their most important rights, including the right against self-incrimination, before being interrogated in police custody.
Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966).
However, contrary to some media depictions of the Miranda warning, law enforcement officials do not necessarily have to inform suspects of their rights before they are questioned in situations where they are free to leave.
Like the Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause, the Fifth Amendment prohibits the federal government from depriving people of their "life, liberty, or property, without due process of law." Recall that due process is a guarantee that people will be treated fairly and impartially by government officials when the government seeks to fine or imprison them or take their personal property away from them. The courts have interpreted this provision to mean that government officials must establish consistent, fair procedures to decide when people's freedoms are limited; in other words, citizens cannot be detained, their freedom limited, or their property taken arbitrarily or on a whim by police or other government officials. As a result, an entire body of procedural safeguards comes into play for the legal prosecution of crimes. However, the Patriot Act, passed into law after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, somewhat altered this notion.
The final provision of the Fifth Amendment has little to do with crime at all. The takings clause says that "private property [cannot] be taken for public use, without just compensation." This provision, along with the due process clause's provisions limiting the taking of property, can be viewed as a protection of individuals' economic liberty: their right to obtain, use, and trade tangible and intangible property for their own benefit. For example, you have the right to trade your knowledge, skills, and labor for money through work or the use of your property, or trade money or goods for other things of value, such as clothing, housing, education, or food.
The greatest recent controversy over economic liberty has been sparked by cities' and states' use of the power of eminent domain to take property for redevelopment. Traditionally, the main use of eminent domain was to obtain property for transportation corridors like railroads, highways, canals and reservoirs, and pipelines, which require fairly straight routes to be efficient. Because any single property owner could effectively block a particular route or extract an unfair price for land if it was the last piece needed to assemble a route, there are reasonable arguments for using eminent domain as a last resort in these circumstances, particularly for projects that convey substantial benefits to the public at large.
However, increasingly eminent domain has been used to allow economic development, with beneficiaries ranging from politically connected big businesses such as car manufacturers building new factories to highly profitable sports teams seeking ever-more-luxurious stadiums (Figure). And, while we traditionally think of property owners as relatively well-off people whose rights don't necessarily need protecting since they can fend for themselves in the political system, frequently these cases pit lower- and middle-class homeowners against multinational corporations or multimillionaires with the ear of city and state officials. In a notorious 2005 case, Kelo v. City of New London, the Supreme Court sided with municipal officials taking homes in a middle-class neighborhood to obtain land for a large pharmaceutical company's corporate campus.
Kelo et al. v. City of New London et al., 545 U.S. 469 (2005).
The case led to a public backlash against the use of eminent domain and legal changes in many states, making it harder for cities to take property from one private party and give it to another for economic redevelopment purposes.
Some disputes over economic liberty have gone beyond the idea of eminent domain. In the past few years, the emergence of on-demand ride-sharing services like Lyft and Uber, direct sales by electric car manufacturer Tesla Motors, and short-term property rentals through companies like Airbnb have led to conflicts between people seeking to offer profitable services online, states and cities trying to regulate these businesses, and the incumbent service providers that compete with these new business models. In the absence of new public policies to clarify rights, the path forward is often determined through norms established in practice, by governments, or by court cases.
Once someone has been charged with a crime and indicted, the next stage in a criminal case is typically the trial itself, unless a plea bargain is reached. The Sixth Amendment contains the provisions that govern criminal trials; in full, it states:
"In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence [sic]."
The first of these guarantees is the right to have a speedy, public trial by an impartial jury. Although there is no absolute limit on the length of time that may pass between an indictment and a trial, the Supreme Court has said that excessively lengthy delays must be justified and balanced against the potential harm to the defendant.
See, for example, Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514 (1972).
In effect, the speedy trial requirement protects people from being detained indefinitely by the government. Yet the courts have ruled that there are exceptions to the public trial requirement; if a public trial would undermine the defendant's right to a fair trial, it can be held behind closed doors, while prosecutors can request closed proceedings only in certain, narrow circumstances (generally, to protect witnesses from retaliation or to guard classified information). In general, a prosecution must also be made in the "state and district" where the crime was committed; however, people accused of crimes may ask for a change of venue for their trial if they believe pre-trial publicity or other factors make it difficult or impossible for them to receive a fair trial where the crime occurred.
Although the Supreme Court's proceedings are not televised and there is no video of the courtroom, audio recordings of the oral arguments and decisions announced in cases have been made since 1955. A complete collection of these recordings can be found at the Oyez Project website along with full information about each case.
Most people accused of crimes decline their right to a jury trial. This choice is typically the result of a plea bargain, an agreement between the defendant and the prosecutor in which the defendant pleads guilty to the charge(s) in question, or perhaps to less serious charges, in exchange for more lenient punishment than he or she might receive if convicted after a full trial. There are a number of reasons why this might happen. The evidence against the accused may be so overwhelming that conviction is a near-certainty, so he or she might decide that avoiding the more serious penalty (perhaps even the death penalty) is better than taking the small chance of being acquitted after a trial. Someone accused of being part of a larger crime or criminal organization might agree to testify against others in exchange for lighter punishment. At the same time, prosecutors might want to ensure a win in a case that might not hold up in court by securing convictions for offenses they know they can prove, while avoiding a lengthy trial on other charges they might lose.
The requirement that a jury be impartial is a critical requirement of the Sixth Amendment. Both the prosecution and the defense are permitted to reject potential jurors who they believe are unable to fairly decide the case without prejudice. However, the courts have also said that the composition of the jury as a whole may in itself be prejudicial; potential jurors may not be excluded simply because of their race or sex, for example.
See, for example, Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79 (1986); J. E. B. v. Alabama ex rel. T. B., 511 U.S. 127 (1994).
The Sixth Amendment guarantees the right of those accused of crimes to present witnesses in their own defense (if necessary, compelling them to testify) and to confront and cross-examine witnesses presented by the prosecution. In general, the only testimony acceptable in a criminal trial must be given in a courtroom and be subject to cross-examination; hearsay, or testimony by one person about what another person has said, is generally inadmissible, although hearsay may be presented as evidence when it is an admission of guilt by the defendant or a "dying declaration" by a person who has passed away. Although both sides in a trial have the opportunity to examine and cross-examine witnesses, the judge may exclude testimony deemed irrelevant or prejudicial.
Finally, the Sixth Amendment guarantees the right of those accused of crimes to have the assistance of an attorney in their defense. Historically, many states did not provide attorneys to those accused of most crimes who could not afford one themselves; even when an attorney was provided, his or her assistance was often inadequate at best. This situation changed as a result of the Supreme Court's decision in Gideon v. Wainwright (1963).
Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335 (1963).
Clarence Gideon, a poor drifter, was accused of breaking into and stealing money and other items from a pool hall in Panama City, Florida. Denied a lawyer, Gideon was tried and convicted and sentenced to a five-year prison term. While in prison—still without assistance of a lawyer—he drafted a handwritten appeal and sent it to the Supreme Court, which agreed to hear his case (Figure). The justices unanimously ruled that Gideon, and anyone else accused of a serious crime, was entitled to the assistance of a lawyer, even if they could not afford one, as part of the general due process right to a fair trial.
The Supreme Court later extended the Gideon v. Wainwright ruling to apply to any case in which an accused person faced the possibility of "loss of liberty," even for one day. The courts have also overturned convictions in which people had incompetent or ineffective lawyers through no fault of their own. The Gideonruling has led to an increased need for professional public defenders, lawyers who are paid by the government to represent those who cannot afford an attorney themselves, although some states instead require practicing lawyers to represent poor defendants on a pro bono basis (essentially, donating their time and energy to the case).
The National Association for Public Defense represents public defenders, lobbying for better funding for public defense and improvements in the justice system in general.
Typically a person charged with a serious crime will have a brief hearing before a judge to be informed of the charges against him or her, to be made aware of the right to counsel, and to enter a plea. Other hearings may be held to decide on the admissibility of evidence seized or otherwise obtained by prosecutors.
If the two sides cannot agree on a plea bargain during this period, the next stage is the selection of a jury. A pool of potential jurors is summoned to the court and screened for impartiality, with the goal of seating twelve (in most states) and one or two alternates. All hear the evidence in the trial; unless an alternate must serve, the original twelve decide whether the evidence overwhelmingly points toward guilt or innocence beyond a reasonable doubt.
In the trial itself, the lawyers for the prosecution and defense make opening arguments, followed by testimony by witnesses for the prosecution (and any cross-examination), and then testimony by witnesses for the defense, including the defendant if he or she chooses. Additional prosecution witnesses may be called to rebut testimony by the defense. Finally, both sides make closing arguments. The judge then issues instructions to the jury, including an admonition not to discuss the case with anyone outside the jury room. The jury members leave the courtroom to enter the jury room and begin their deliberations (Figure).
The jurors pick a foreman or forewoman to coordinate their deliberations. They may ask to review evidence or to hear transcripts of testimony. They deliberate in secret and their decision must be unanimous; if they are unable to agree on a verdict after extensive deliberation, a mistrial may be declared, which in effect requires the prosecution to try the case all over again.
A defendant found not guilty of all charges will be immediately released unless other charges are pending (e.g., the defendant is wanted for a crime in another jurisdiction). If the defendant is found guilty of one or more offenses, the judge will choose an appropriate sentence based on the law and the circumstances; in the federal system, this sentence will typically be based on guidelines that assign point values to various offenses and facts in the case. If the prosecution is pursuing the death penalty, the jury will decide whether the defendant should be subject to capital punishment or life imprisonment.
The reality of court procedure is much less dramatic and exciting than what is typically portrayed in television shows and movies. Nonetheless, most Americans will participate in the legal system at least once in their lives as a witness, juror, or defendant.
Have you or any member of your family served on a jury? If so, was the experience a positive one? Did the trial proceed as expected? If you haven't served on a jury, is it something you look forward to? Why or why not?
The Seventh Amendment deals with the rights of those engaged in civil disputes; as noted earlier, these are disagreements between individuals or businesses in which people are typically seeking compensation for some harm caused. For example, in an automobile accident, the person responsible is compelled to compensate any others (either directly or through his or her insurance company). Much of the work of the legal system consists of efforts to resolve civil disputes. The Seventh Amendment, in full, reads:
"In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law."
Because of this provision, all trials in civil cases must take place before a jury unless both sides waive their right to a jury trial. However, this right is not always incorporated; in many states, civil disputes—particularly those involving small sums of money, which may be heard by a dedicated small claims court—need not be tried in front of a jury and may instead be decided by a judge working alone.
The Seventh Amendment limits the ability of judges to reconsider questions of fact, rather than of law, that were originally decided by a jury. For example, if a jury decides a person was responsible for an action and the case is appealed, the appeals judge cannot decide someone else was responsible. This preserves the traditional common-law distinction that judges are responsible for deciding questions of law while jurors are responsible for determining the facts of a particular case.
The Eighth Amendment says, in full:
"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted."
Bail is a payment of money that allows a person accused of a crime to be freed pending trial; if you "make bail" in a case and do not show up for your trial, you will forfeit the money you paid. Since many people cannot afford to pay bail directly, they may instead get a bail bond, which allows them to pay a fraction of the money (typically 10 percent) to a person who sells bonds and who pays the full bail amount. (In most states, the bond seller makes money because the defendant does not get back the money for the bond, and most people show up for their trials.) However, people believed likely to flee or who represent a risk to the community while free may be denied bail and held in jail until their trial takes place.
It is rare for bail to be successfully challenged for being excessive. The Supreme Court has defined an excessive fine as one "so grossly excessive as to amount to deprivation of property without due process of law" or "grossly disproportional to the gravity of a defendant's offense."
Waters-Pierce Oil Co. v. Texas, 212 U.S. 86 (1909); United States v. Bajakajian, 524 U.S. 321 (1998).
In practice the courts have rarely struck down fines as excessive either.
The most controversial provision of the Eighth Amendment is the ban on "cruel and unusual punishments." Various torturous forms of execution common in the past—drawing and quartering, burning people alive, and the like—are prohibited by this provision.
See, for example, the discussion in Wilkerson v. Utah, 99 U.S. 130 (1879).
Recent controversies over lethal injections and firing squads to administer the death penalty suggest the topic is still salient. While the Supreme Court has never established a definitive test for what constitutes a cruel and unusual punishment, it has generally allowed most penalties short of death for adults, even when to outside observers the punishment might be reasonably seen as disproportionate or excessive.
Perhaps the most notorious example, Harmelin v. Michigan, 501 U.S. 957 (1991), upheld a life sentence in a case where the defendant was convicted of possessing just over one pound of cocaine (and no other crime).
In recent years the Supreme Court has issued a series of rulings substantially narrowing the application of the death penalty. As a result, defendants who have mental disabilities may not be executed.
Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304 (2002).
Also, defendants who were under eighteen when they committed an offense that is otherwise subject to the death penalty may not be executed.
Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551 (2005).
The court has generally rejected the application of the death penalty to crimes that did not result in the death of another human being, most notably in the case of rape.
Kennedy v. Louisiana, 554 U.S. 407 (2008).
And, while permitting the death penalty to be applied to murder in some cases, the Supreme Court has generally struck down laws that require the application of the death penalty in certain circumstances. Still, the United States is among ten countries with the most executions worldwide (Figure).
At the same time, however, it appears that the public mood may have shifted somewhat against the death penalty, perhaps due in part to an overall decline in violent crime. The reexamination of past cases through DNA evidence has revealed dozens in which people were wrongfully executed.
Elizabeth Lopatto, "How Many Innocent People Are Sentenced To Death?," Forbes, 29 April 2014. www.forbes.com/sites/elizabet.../#6e9ae5175cc1 (March 1, 2016).
For example, Claude Jones was executed for murder based on 1990-era DNA testing of a single hair that was determined at that time to be his; however, with better DNA testing technology, it was later found to be that of the victim.
Dave Mann, "DNA Tests Undermine Evidence in Texas Execution: New Results Show Claude Jones was Put to Death on Flawed Evidence," Texas Observer, 11 November 2010. www.texasobserver.org/texas-o...xas-execution/ (March 4, 2016).
Perhaps as a result of this and other cases, seven additional states have abolished capital punishment since 2007. As of 2015, nineteen states and the District of Columbia no longer apply the death penalty in new cases, and several other states do not carry out executions despite sentencing people to death.
See, for example, "States With and Without the Death Penalty," Death Penalty Information Center, www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/stat...-death-penalty (March 4, 2016).
It remains to be seen whether this gradual trend toward the elimination of the death penalty by the states will continue, or whether the Supreme Court will eventually decide to follow former Justice Harry Blackmun's decision to "no longer… tinker with the machinery of death" and abolish it completely.
The rights of those suspected, accused, and convicted of crimes, along with rights in civil cases and economic liberties, are protected by the second major grouping of amendments within the Bill of Rights. The Fifth Amendment secures various procedural safeguards, protects suspects' right to remain silent, forbids trying someone twice at the same level of government for the same criminal act, and limits the taking of property for public uses. The Sixth Amendment ensures fairness in criminal trials, including through a fair and speedy trial by an impartial jury, the right to assistance of counsel, and the right to examine and compel testimony from witnesses. The Seventh Amendment ensures the right to jury trials in most civil cases (but only at the federal level). Finally, the Eighth Amendment prohibits excessive fines and bails, as well as "cruel and unusual punishments," although the scope of what is cruel and unusual is subject to debate.
The Supreme Court case known as Kelo v. City of New London was controversial because it ________.
- allowed greater use of the power of eminent domain
- regulated popular ride-sharing services like Lyft and Uber
- limited the application of the death penalty
- made it harder for police to use evidence obtained without a warrant
Which of the following rights is not protected by the Sixth Amendment?
- the right to trial by an impartial jury
- the right to cross-examine witnesses in a trial
- the right to remain silent
- the right to a speedy trial
The double jeopardy rule in the Bill of Rights forbids which of the following?
- prosecuting someone in a state court for a criminal act he or she had been acquitted of in federal court
- prosecuting someone in federal court for a criminal act he or she had been acquitted of in a state court
- suing someone for damages for an act the person was found not guilty of
- none of these options
The Supreme Court has decided that the death penalty ________.
- is always cruel and unusual punishment
- is never cruel and unusual punishment
- may be applied only to acts of terrorism
- may not be applied to those who were under 18 when they committed a crime
Explain why someone accused of a crime might negotiate a plea bargain rather than exercising the right to a trial by jury.
Explain the difference between a criminal case and a civil case.
- double jeopardy
- a prosecution pursued twice at the same level of government for the same criminal action
- economic liberty
- the right of individuals to obtain, use, and trade things of value for their own benefit
- eminent domain
- the power of government to take or use property for a public purpose after compensating its owner; also known as the takings clause of the Fifth Amendment
- Miranda warning
- a statement by law enforcement officers informing a person arrested or subject to interrogation of his or her rights
- plea bargain
- an agreement between the defendant and the prosecutor in which the defendant pleads guilty to the charge(s) in question or perhaps to less serious charges, in exchange for more lenient punishment than if convicted after a full trial
- self-incrimination
- an action or statement that admits guilt or responsibility for a crime