text:
The period of the revelation of verses of The Quran, given below, is about 9 A.H., when a delegation from the Christian republic of Najran visited the Prophet (s.a.a.w.). Najran lies between the Hijaz and Yaman, and comprised, at that time, seventy-three towns and villages. Its population can be gauged from the fact that an estimated one hundred and twenty thousand men could bear arms. The entire population was Christian and was under the hegemony of three Christian chiefs. The first of these, 'aqib, was the head of the community. The second, sayyid, looked after the collective and political affairs of the people. The third, usquf (bishop), was their religious leader. (See Ibn Hisham, vol. 1, p. 573; Ibn Ishaq, Life of Muhammad, tr. A. Guillaume, pp. 270 f. - Ed.)
When the Prophet annexed Makka, the whole of Arabia became convinced that the future of the area was bound up with him, and deputations from all parts of the peninsula began to visit him. In this connection the three chiefs of Najran came to Madina accompanied by sixty people. It was on this occasion that God revealed this discourse; it served as an invitation to the people of Najran to accept Islam.
The Holy Quran
(3:33) Truly Allah29 chose Adam and Noah and the descendants of Abraham and of 'Imran30 above all mankind. (3:34) (for His messengership) - a people alike and the seed of one another.31 Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing. (3:35). (He also heard) when the woman of 'Imran32 said: 'O Lord! Behold, unto You do I vow that the child in my womb is to be devoted to Your exclusive service. Accept it, then, from me. Surely You alone are All-Hearing, All-Knowing.'33 (3:36) But when she gave birth to a female child, she said: 'O Lord! I have given birth to a female' - and Allah knew full well what she had given birth to - 'and a female is not the same as a male.34 I have named her Mary and commit her and her offspring to You for protection from Satan, the accursed.' (3:37) Thereupon her Lord graciously accepted Mary and vouchsafed to her a goodly growth and placed her in the care of Zechariah. Whenever Zechariah35visited her in the sanctuary,36 he found her provided with food. He asked her: 'O Mary, how did this come to you?' She said: 'It is from Allah. Allah provides sustenance to whom He wills beyond all reckoning.' (3:38) Then Zechariah prayed to his Lord: 'O Lord! Grant me from Yourself out of Your grace the gift of a goodly offspring, for indeed You alone heed all Prayers.'37 (3:39) As he stood praying in the sanctuary, the angels called out to him: 'Allah gives you good tidings of John (Yahya),38 who shall confirm a command of Allah ,39 shall be outstanding among men, utterly chaste, and a Prophet from among the righteous.' (3:40) Zechariah exclaimed: 'My Lord! How shall I have a son when old age has overtaken me and my wife is barren?' He said: Thus shall it be;40 Allah does what He wills.' (3:41) Zechariah said: 'O my Lord! Appoint a sign for me.'41 The angel said: 'The sign for you shall be that you shall not speak to men for three days except by gesture. Remember your Lord and extol His glory by night and by day.'42
(3:42) Then came the time when the angels said: 'O Mary! Behold, Allah has chosen you, and made you pure, and exalted you above all the women in the world. (3:43) O Mary! Remain devout to your Lord, and prostrate yourself in worship, and bow with those who bow (before Him).' (3:44) (O Muhammad!) We reveal to you this account from a realm which lies beyond the reach of your perception for you were not with them when they drew lots with their pens about who should be Mary's guardian,43 and you were not with them when they disputed about it. (3:45) And when the angels said: 'O Mary! Allah gives you the glad tidings of a command from Him: his name shall be Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary. He shall be highly honoured in this world and in the Next, and shall be one of those near stationed to Allah. (3:46) And he shall speak to men in the cradle and also later when he grows to maturity and shall indeed be among the righteous.' (3:47) She said: 'O my Lord! How shall I have a son when no man has ever touched me?' The angel answered: Thus shall it be.44 Allah creates whatever He wills. When He decides something, He merely says: "Be" and it is. (3:48) And He will teach him the Book, the Wisdom, the Torah, the Gospel, (3:49) and he will be a Messenger to the Children of Israel.' (And when he came to them he said): 'I have come to you with a sign from your Lord. I will make for you from clay the likeness of a bird and then I will breathe into it and by the leave of Allah it will become a bird. I will also heal the blind and the leper, and by the leave of Allah bring the dead to life. I will also inform you of what things you eat and what you treasure up in your houses. Surely this is a sign for you if you are true believ-ers.45 (3:50) And I have come to confirm the truth of whatever there still remains of the Torah,46 and to make lawful to you some of the things which had been forbidden to you.47 have come to you with a sign from your Lord; so have fear of Allah and obey me. (3:51) Surely, Allah is my Lord and your Lord; so serve Him alone. This is the straight way.'48 (3:52) And when Jesus perceived their leaning towards unbelief, he asked: 'Who will be my helpers in the way of Allah?' The disciples49 said: 'We are the helpers of Allah. We believe in Allah,50 and be our witness that we have submitted ourselves exclusively to Allah. (3:53) Our Lord! We believe in the commandment You have revealed and we obey the Messenger; make us, then, one of those who bear witness (to the Truth).' (3:54) Then they schemed (against the Messiah), and Allah countered their schemes by schemes of His own. Allah is the best of schemers.
(3:55) (And it was part of His scheme) when Allah said: 'O Jesus! I will recall you51 and raise you up to Me and will purify you (of the company) of those who disbelieve,52 and will set your followers above the unbelievers till the Day of Resurrection. Then to Me you shall return, and I will judge between you regarding what you differed. (3:56) As for those who disbelieved, I shall punish them with a terrible chastisement in this world and in the Next; and they shall find none to help them. (3:57) But those who believe and do righteous deeds, He will reward them in full. Allah does not love the unjust.' (3:58) What We recite to you consists of signs and wise admonition.(3:59) Surely, in the sight of Allah, the similitude of the creation of Jesus is as the creation of Adam whom He created out of dust, and then said: 'Be', and he was.53 (3:60) This is the truth from your Lord; be not, then, among those who doubt.54 (3:61) Tell whoever disputes with you on this matter after true knowledge has come to you: 'Come! Let us summon our sons and your sons, and our women and your women, and ourselves and yourselves, and then let us pray together and invoke the curse of Allah on those who lie.'55 (3:62) This is the true story. There is no God but Allah, and assuredly Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise. (3:63) And if they turn their backs, truly Allah knows those who cause mischief.
Footnotes (Tafheemul Quran)
- This marks the beginning of the second discourse. The period of its revelation is about 9 A.H., when a delegation from the Christian republic of Najran visited the Prophet. Najran lies between the Hijaz and Yaman, and comprised, at that time, seventy-three towns and villages. Its population can be gauged from the fact that an estimated one hundred and twenty thousand men could bear arms. The entire population was Christian and was under the hegemony of three Christian chiefs. The first of these, 'aqib, was the head of the community. The second, sayyid, looked after the collective and political affairs of the people. The third, usquf (bishop), was their religious leader. (See Ibn Hisham, vol. 1, p. 573; Ibn Ishaq, Life of Muhammad, tr. A. Guillaume, pp. 270 f. - Ed.)
When the Prophet annexed Makka, the whole of Arabia became convinced that the future of the area was bound up with him, and deputations from all parts of the peninsula began to visit him. In this connection the three chiefs of Najran came to Madina accompanied by sixty people. As they were not prepared to go to war, the alternatives before them were either to embrace Islam or to live as dhimmis (protected non-Muslim subjects of the Islamic state). It was on this occasion that God revealed this discourse; it served as an invitation to the people of Najran to accept Islam. - 'Imran was the father of Moses and Aaron, and has been mentioned in the Bible as Amram.
- The real error of the Christians lies in considering Jesus to be the son of God and a partner in His godhead, rather than His servant and Messenger. If this misunderstanding was removed it would become quite easy for them to advance towards Islam. Hence at the very outset of the discourse it is mentioned that Adam, Noah and the Prophets in the house of Abraham and 'Imran were all human beings. Even though many Prophets were born in the same family, one from the other, none of them was God. Their merit lay in the fact that God had chosen them to preach His religion and reform the world.
- If the 'woman of 'Imran' is interpreted as the wife of 'Imran, this 'Imran must be different from the 'Imran just mentioned (see the preceding verse). In the Christian tradition the name of the father of Mary is mentioned as Joachim. If this expression, however, is interpreted to mean 'a woman of the house of 'Imran', it would mean that the mother of Mary belonged to that tribe. There is, unfortunately, no definite source of information that would lead us to prefer one interpretation to the other, as there is no historical record either about who the parents of Mary were, or to which tribes they belonged. Were we to accept the tradition that the mother of John (Yahya) and the mother of Jesus were cousins, then it would be valid to interpret the expression as meaning 'a woman of the tribe of 'Imran' for, according to the Gospel of Luke, the mother of John was one of the daughters of Aaron (Luke 1:5).
- That is, God heeds the prayers of His creatures and is well aware of their intentions.
- Since a boy is free from some of the physical shortcomings and social disabilities associated with a girl, the mother of Mary thought that had the child been a boy he would have been more able to achieve the purpose for which she had consecrated the child.
- This section refers to that period of Mary's life when she attained her majority and was admitted to the Temple of Jerusalem, and devoted all her time to remembering God. Zechariah, into whose care she was given, was perhaps the husband of her maternal aunt, and was one of the guardians of the Temple. This Zechariah is not to be confused with the Prophet Zechariah whose assassination is mentioned in the Old Testament.
- The word mihrab usually refers to that niche in mosques where the leader of the prayer stands. In this instance, however, the term signifies the apartments usually built in synagogues and sanctuaries on a raised platform adjacent to the place of congregational worship, which served as the residence of caretakers, servants and beggars. Mary lived in an apartment of this kind and devoted all her time to worship and prayer.
- Until then Zechariah had no issue. The sight of this pious young girl made him yearn for a child just as virtuous and devout. When he saw that God sent food to her, by dint of His limitless power, he felt hopeful that God might also bless him with issue, despite his old age.
- In the Bible his name is mentioned as John the Baptist. For information about him see Matthew 3, 9 and 14: Mark 1 and 6; Luke 1 and 3.
- The 'command from Allah' signifies Jesus (peace be on him). His birth took place as the result of an extraordinary command from God and in an unusual manner, hence he is designated as 'the command' or 'word' from Allah.
- God granted Zechariah a son despite his old age and despite the barrenness of his wife.
- Here the request is made for some specific sign to be given by means of which Zechariah would come to know in advance when the unusual incident of the birth of a child to a couple, where the male was old and the female both old and barren, would take place.
- The real purpose of this discourse is to disclose to the Christians the error of their belief in Jesus as God and as the son of God. The subject is introduced by mentioning the birth of John (peace be on him), another miraculous birth which had taken place only six months before the birth of the Messiah (peace be on him) and among his own relatives. God wants to make the Christians ask themselves why the miraculous birth of Jesus should make him God when the similarly miraculous birth of John did not make him so.
- They drew lots to decide who should be the guardian of Mary, whose mother had consecrated her to the service of God in the Temple. Since she was a girl, it was a delicate matter as to who from among the priests of the Temple would be the appropriate person to take care of her.
- Thus it was affirmed that a child would be born to Mary despite the fact that no man had touched her. The angel's answer mentioned here, 'Thus shall it be', was exactly the same as the response given to Zechariah. Both the following sentences and the preceding section support the view that the angel had conveyed to Mary the glad tidings that a son would be born to her without normal sexual contact, and it was thus that Jesus was born. For, if Mary's child was to be born to her in the usual manner in which children are born to women, and if the birth of Jesus did take place in the normal way, the entire narrative from (verse 35 )of this surah to (verse 63) would have to be declared absurd.
Indeed, one would be forced to treat as meaningless all those statements about the birth of Jesus which are found scattered elsewhere in the Qur'an. The Christians had begun to regard Jesus as God and the son of God because of this fatherless birth. The Jews, in turn, cast aspersions on Mary's chastity on the grounds that she had given birth to a child despite being unmarried. If the fatherless birth of Jesus was itself false, it would have been sufficient to tell the Christians that they were indulging in sheer mis-statement, that Mary had indeed been married, that she had a legitimate husband, and that it was as a result of that wedlock that Jesus was born. If this fact could have been stated plainly, there would have been no need for long preparatory statements and complicated propositions, and no need to call Jesus the son of Mary instead of naming his father. For far from resolving the issue such statements add to the confusion. Those who believe the Qur'an to be the word or command from God and yet try to prove that the birth of Jesus took place in the normal manner, as a result of union between his father and mother, end up by proving only that God is less capable of clear expression than they are! - It is hinted here that these signs are sufficient proof that Jesus was designated by God, the Creator and Sovereign of the universe, provided people are prepared to accept the truth instead of obstinately clinging to their prejudiced views. This is further proof that Jesus had been entrusted with a mission by God. Had he not been designated by God but by an imposter he would surely have attempted to found an independent religion, exploiting his miracles to lead people away from their original faith. However, Jesus believed in, and confirmed, the validity of the teachings of the original religion which had been preached at God's behest by the earlier Prophets.
- The fact that Jesus preached the same religion as that expounded earlier by Moses and the other Prophets is also borne out by the statements of the existing Gospels: According to Matthew, in his Sermon on the Mount the Messiah categorically declared: 'Think not that I have come to abolish the law and the prophets; I have come not to abolish them but to fulfil them' (Matthew 5: 17). And when a Jewish lawyer enquired: 'Teacher, which is the greatest commandment in the Law?', Jesus replied: 'You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind. This is the greatest and the first commandment. And a second is like it, you shall love your neighbour as yourself. On these two commandments depends the law and the prophets' (ibid., 22: 37-40). He also instructed his disciples: The scribes and the Pharisees sit on Moses' seat, so practice and observe whatever they tell you, but not what they do; for they preach, but do not practice' (ibid., 23: 2-3).
- What Jesus wanted to impress upon them was that he would abolish the prohibitive innovations which had infiltrated the original Divine Law (Shari'ah}. These were the results of the superstitions of their ignorant commoners, the legal hair-splitting of their lawyers, the extremism of their world-renouncing pietists, and the ascendancy and predominance of non-Muslim peoples over them. In determining what is lawful and unlawful, Jesus would be guided by the injunctions of God and not by the inventions of human beings.
- This shows that as with the other Prophets, the fundamental points of Jesus' mission were the following:
(1) Man should acknowledge- the exclusive sovereignty of God which demands absolute service and obedience to Him, and Him alone. This principle serves as the basis for the entire structure of human morality and social behaviour.
(2) Man should obey the Prophets since they are the representatives of the true Sovereign.
(3) The Law which should regulate man's conduct by elaborating what is right and what is wrong should be none other than the Law of God. The laws devised by others should be abrogated. There is, thus, no difference between the missions of Jesus, Moses and Muhammad (peace be on them all). Those who think that the missions of the Prophets differ from one another and who believe that their objectives vary have fallen into serious error. Whoever is sent by the Lord of the Universe to His creatures can have no other purpose than to dissuade God's subjects from disobeying Him and assuming an attitude of vanity and disregard towards Him, and to admonish them against associating anyone with God in His divinity (that is, either holding anyone to be a partner with the Lord of the Universe in His Sovereignty or recognizing others beside God as having a rightful claim on part of man's loyalty, devotion and worship), and to invite them all to be loyal to, and to serve, obey and worship God alone.
It is unfortunate that the Gospels in their present form do not offer as clear a picture of the mission of Jesus as that presented by the Qur'an. Nevertheless, we find scattered throughout the Gospels all the three fundamentals mentioned above. The notion that man ought to submit himself totally to God is embodied in the following statement:
'You shall worship the Lord your God and Him only shall you serve' (Matthew 4: 10).
In addition, Jesus believed that the object of his efforts was that God's commands relating to the moral realm should be obeyed in this world in the sphere of human conduct just as His commands about the operation of the physical universe are obeyed in the heavens: 'Thy kingdom come,
Thy will be done,
On earth as it is in heaven' (ibid., 6: 10).
The fact that Jesus presented himself as a Prophet and a representative of the Kingdom of Heaven, and that in this capacity he asked people to follow him is borne out by several statements. When, for instance, he began his mission in Nazareth and when his own kith, kin and compatriots turned against him, he remarked: 'A prophet is not without honour except in his own country . . .' (Matthew 13: 57; see also Luke 4: 24 and Mark 6: 4). And when conspiracies were hatched in Jerusalem to put an end to his life, and people counselled him to go away, he replied: 'Nevertheless I must go on my way . . . for it cannot be that a prophet should perish away from Jerusalem' (Luke 13: 33). When Jesus entered Jerusalem for the last time the disciples cried with a loud voice: 'Blessed be the King who comes in the name of the Lord' (Luke 19: 38). This angered the Pharisees, who asked Jesus to rebuke his disciples. But he replied: 'I tell you, if these were silent the very stones would cry out' (ibid., 19: 40). On another occasion he said: 'Come to me, all who labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you. For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light' (Matthew 11: 28-30).
The fact that he invited people to obey the Laws of God rather than the laws made by man is evident from his response (found in both Matthew and Mark) to the objection raised by the Pharisees to the conduct of their disciples who ate with defiled hands, that is, without washing.
'Well did Isiah prophesy of you hypocrites, as it is written:
This people honours me with their lips,
but their heart is far from me;
in vain do they worship me,
teaching as doctrines the precepts of men.'
And he said to them: 'You have a fine way of rejecting the commandment of God in order to keep your tradition. For Moses said, "Honour your father and your mother", and "He who speaks evil of his father or mother, let him surely die", but you say, "If a man tells his father or mother what you would have gained from me is Corban (that is, given to God), and then you no longer permit him to do anything for his father or mother, thus making void the word of God through your tradition which you hand on"' (Mark 7: 6-13; see also Matthew 15: 2-9). - The word hawari means approximately the same as the word ansar in the Islamic tradition. In the Bible the usual terms are 'apostles' and 'disciples'. Jesus' chosen disciples were called apostles in the sense that they had been entrusted with a mission by him rather than in the sense of having been entrusted with a mission by God.
- At various places the Qur'an characterizes man's participation in the effort to establish the supremacy of Islam as 'helping God'. This needs a little explanation. God has endowed man with the freedom of will and choice, with the result that He does not resort to His omnipotent will to compel man either to do certain things or to refrain from others. He rather leaves man free to adopt the course that pleases him - be it that of either belief or unbelief, of either obedience or disobedience. God prefers to instruct man by means of persuasive argument and admonition, so as to bring home to him that even though he is free to disbelieve, disobey and defy the Will of God, his own interest and well-being lie in serving and obeying his Creator.
Hence, directing people to the right path by persuasion and admonition is of concern to God, He regards those who contribute to this cause as His allies and helpers. This is, in fact, the most exalted position attainable by man. When a man performs Prayers, keeps his fast and worships God in other ways, he is merely on the level of service and subjection to God. But when a man strives to spread God's true religion and to enthrone it in actual life, he is honoured with the status of God's ally and helper, which is the zenith of man's spiritual growth. 'Literally, 'and be our witness that we are Muslims' - Ed. - The expression used is mutawaffika. The original meaning of tawaffa is to take and receive. To 'seize a person's soul' constitutes the figurative rather than the literal meaning of the word. Here the word is used in the sense of 'recall', for example, the recall of an official from his work. The Israelites had persisted in their disobedience, and despite repeated warnings and admonitions their collective behaviour had become increasingly corrupt. They had killed a succession of Prophets and were out to shed the blood of all those who invited them to righteousness and moral rectitude. In order to complete His argument against them, and to give them a last chance to reform themselves, God sent to them two great Prophets, Jesus and John the Baptist. These Prophets carried with them such overwhelming proof of their designation by God that no ground was left for anyone to disbelieve in them, except those who were obstinately hostile to the Truth and who had become exceedingly bold in their opposition to it.
Yet the Israelites let this last opportunity slip away. They not only spurned the message of the Prophets but also brazenly indulged in many other atrocious crimes. One of their chiefs had John beheaded at the behest of a dancing girl, and their priests and scribes conspired to have Jesus put to death by the Roman authorities. Further admonition would have been a sheer waste of time. God, therefore, decided to recall His Prophet and condemned the Israelites to perpetual disgrace.
It should be noted that this whole discourse (verses 3: 33 ff.) is devoted to repudiating the Christian belief in the godhead of Jesus, and to reforming their beliefs. The main reasons for the spread of these false beliefs were: (i) the miraculous birth of Jesus; (ii) the miracles which he performed; and (iii) his ascension into heaven (which is mentioned categorically in the Christian scriptures). The Qur'an confirms the miraculous birth of Jesus and asserts that this fatherless birth is a manifestation of God's omnipotence. God creates whomsoever He wills and in the manner He chooses. This extraordinary birth neither proves that Jesus was God nor that he had any share in God's godhead. The miracles of Jesus are also verified by the Qur'an; in fact it enumerates them one by one. The Qur'an, however, makes it clear that Jesus performed these miracles in accordance with God's will, and not of his own innate power.
Had the traditions cherished by the Christians regarding Jesus' ascension into heaven been without foundation, they would have been told that he whom they regarded as either God or the son of God had died long ago and become part of the earth, and that if they wanted to satisfy themselves on that score they could go and witness for themselves his grave at a certain place. But not only does the Qur'an not make any categorical statement that Jesus died, it employs an expression which, to say the least, contains the possibility of being interpreted as meaning that he had been raised into heaven alive. Further, the Qur'an tells the Christians that Jesus, contrary to their belief, was not crucified. This means that the man who cried out at the end of his life: 'Eli, Eli, lama sabach-thani?', that is, 'My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?' (Matthew 27: 46), and the one whose image was seen on the cross was not Christ; God had already raised Christ into heaven.
As for those who try to interpret these Qur'anic verses as indicating the death of Jesus, they actually prove only that God is incapable of expressing His ideas in clear, lucid terms. - The words 'those who disbelieve' here refer to the Jews whom Jesus had invited to believe, and who had refused that invitation. The expression: 'your followers', if it denotes the true followers of Jesus, can only mean Muslims. Should 'followers' signify all those who profess allegiance to Jesus, it would include both Christians and Muslims.
- This means that if Jesus' miraculous birth is sufficient proof that he should be regarded either as God or as the son of God then there are even stronger grounds to apply this to Adam. For, while Jesus was born without a father, Adam was born with neither father nor mother.
- The main points set before the Christians so far are the following: First, it was impressed upon them that none of the various arguments which gave rise to the doctrine of the divinity of Jesus provided valid grounds to support that doctrine. Jesus was merely a human being whom God had created in an extraordinary manner for reasons best known to Him. God had also invested Jesus with the power to perform certain miracles by means of which he could categorically establish his claim to prophethood. It seems perfectly reasonable that God should not have allowed such an extraordinary person to be crucified by unbelievers and should have raised him up to Himself. As the Sovereign, God has the power to treat any of His subjects as He wishes. How can this extraordinary treatment of Jesus justify the conclusion that the subject was himself either the Sovereign, the son of the Sovereign or an associate with Him in His Sovereignty?
Second, the message of Muhammad (peace be on him) is the same as that of Jesus. The missions of the two are identical.
Third, even after [the ascension of] Jesus the religion of his disciples remained the same, namely, Islam, which is now expounded by the Qur'an. What has happened is that, in the course of time, the Christians have abandoned the teachings of Christ, and have deviated from the religion followed by the early disciples of Jesus. - The real aim in suggesting this procedure for deciding the dispute was to prove that the attitude of those amongst the delegation of Najran was one of deliberate stubbornness and intransigence. They had no sound arguments to contradict any of the points mentioned above, and they could not find any shred of evidence in their own scriptures upon which they could claim, with firm conviction, that their beliefs were true. Moreover, all that the members of the deputation had come to know of the character, teachings and achievements of the Prophet had made them more or less convinced of his prophethood, and at least caused their disbelief to waver. When they were told that if they had full confidence in the truth of their beliefs they should come forward and pray to God that His curse should fall on the deniers of the truth, none of them came forward. It thus became clear all over Arabia that the priests and leaders of Christianity in Najran, whose holiness was celebrated far and wide, followed beliefs, the truth of which, they themselves were not fully confident in.
Reference: Towards Understanding the Quran, http://www.islamicstudies.info/tafheem.php


text:
Education and TrainingCompletion of dental school to obtain your degree (e.g.: DDS, DMD, or non-US equivalent) is required prior to enrolling in an oral medicine training program. Some programs require completion of a one-year general practice residency program. Oral medicine residency training programs are a minimum of 24 months. In the U.S., programs are accredited by the American Dental Association's Commission on Dental Accreditation. Some programs have the opportunity to obtain other advanced degrees (e.g.: Masters or Ph.D.), and these are typically 3–5 years in length. An oral medicine training program includes the following components:
Profiles of Oral Medicine ResidentsDr. Anil Kumar"In dental school, students get so little exposure to Oral Medicine/hospital dentistry, so when I first started my training I was not sure how big of a role a dental department would have in a large hospital. Much to my surprise and excitement, we are a heavily utilized referral base in our hospital. " Anil Kumar, DMD, graduated from Harvard School of Dental Medicine and then completed a one-year General Practice Residency (GPR) at Carolinas Medical Center (Charlotte, NC). He is in the two-year Oral Medicine Residency at Carolinas Medical Center. Dr. Kumar completed a GPR which involved treating inpatients and outpatients in a hospital dental clinic, treating special needs patients in the operating room, covering dental emergencies in the Emergency Department, and participating in numerous dental and medical rotations. Following this, he began his Oral Medicine Residency and had the opportunity to treat a larger number of "clearance" patients needing dental treatment prior to radiation therapy, chemotherapy, transplants, etc. Additionally, he went on rotations including oral pathology, internal medicine, and going to Glasgow, Scotland to learn the differences between Oral Medicine in the US and the UK. In his final year, Dr. Kumar spends the majority of his time seeing patients in a private practice outpatient Oral Medicine clinic. Additionally, he is doing various two-week medical rotations including cardiology, infectious disease, nephrology, rheumatology, radiation oncology, psychiatry, and medical oncology. Dr. Kumar is currently involved in a case-control pilot study with the primary aim of determining if poor oral hygiene, gingivitis, or periodontal disease is associated with infective endocarditis. Dr. Rolanda Ward"No daily schedule is the same, and no one treatment is always ideal. I am constantly learning and adjusting to new information. While daunting, the variety and depth of knowledge that regularly needs to be tapped internally, and with other health care providers, makes Oral Medicine a dynamic environment in which to learn and to practice." Rolanda Ward, DDS, obtained her Doctor of Dental Surgery from University of Washington School of Dentistry. She is in a two-year Oral Medicine Residency at University of Washington. Dr. Ward became interested in Oral Medicine during dental school, at which time she attended many lectures, did a short rotation in the clinic, and then participated in an Oral Medicine clinical elective. Within the University of Washington (UW) Oral Medicine Clinical Services department she works one-on-one with attending faculty to intake new patients and complete follow-up appointments for mucosal, salivary, TMD, sleep-disturbance, pain, and hypersensitivity conditions. During her residency, she has classes and seminars with other residents from radiology, periodontics, prosthodontics, endodontics, orthodontics, General Practice Residency, and oral biology masters and Ph.D. students. Dr. Ward has the opportunity to rotate with dermatology, otolaryngology, radiation therapy, internal medicine, anesthesia, pain clinics, as well as the Seattle Cancer Care Alliance. Dr. Ward's thesis project focuses on a mechanical intervention for the treatment of Burning Mouth Syndrome. Dr. Alessandro Villa"Since I was a dental student I have been always fascinated by oral diseases. In particular, I had no idea that a dentist could play a major role in cancer detection and prevention." Alessandro Villa, DDS MPH, graduated from University of Milano, Italy in 2008. He has done postdoctoral fellowships at the National Cancer Institute – National Institute of Health in Bethesda, MD, and is in the Oral Medicine Residency program at the Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Brigham and Women's Hospital. When asked what he enjoys most about Oral Medicine training, Dr. Villa replies "I really like the interaction with colleagues from other specialties, such as oncology, dermatology, and otolaryngology. Teamwork is fundamental for the patients to receive best treatment." Current research interests include the investigation of oral disorders that may progress to malignant (cancerous) disorders. Such disorders include oral Human Papillomavirus (HPV), and graft versus host disease (GVHD). Of note, he has been able to find through his research, that over 60% of oropharyngeal cancers have evidence of HPV involvement in the development of tumors. Dr. Villa is also engaging in a study looking at costs of treatment in the field of Oral Medicine, and the pathway by which patients are referred for treatment. "My long-term career goals are to pursue an academic pathway to teach, do research and see patients in the oral medicine field." Dr. Lakshmi Mitreyi Gorugantula"We have the capability to identify if something is going wrong systemically in patients depending upon their oral manifestations, a fact that constantly fascinates me and makes me work hard to be a better diagnostician and clinician." Lakshmi Mitreyi Gorugantula, BDS, MS, graduated from dentistry in India. She is in the second year of the two-year Oral Medicine Residency at University of Washington School of Dentistry. Dr. Gorugantula became interested in Oral Medicine in her final year of dental school. When she was rotating in the Oral Medicine clinic she saw a patient who complained of "stabbing, sharp pain" in the upper left mouth quadrant, who went to see many dentists before going to the clinic. She had received multiple treatments, which included root canal treatments, apicoectomies, and tooth extractions; without relief from her pain. The attending doctor diagnosed the patient with a condition called 'trigeminal neuralgia'. Dr. Gorugantula helps to teach third- and fourth-year dental students in the Dental Urgent Care Clinic, where the students do basic assessments of new patients and also perform emergency dental treatment for patients. She enjoys teaching, and her goal is to educate the students that there are structures in the oral cavity other than the teeth, that there are many conditions that could cause tooth pain, and that an accurate diagnosis is of paramount importance. She believes that this teaching opportunity not only gives the residents an opportunity to help the dental students to become better diagnosticians and better clinicians, but it also helps the residents to become better academicians as well. Dr. Thamer Musbah"I enjoy the daily challenges I encounter, as the Oral Medicine cases are unique and interestingly variable." Thamer Musbah graduated from the Al-Fateh University school of Dentistry in Tripoli, Libya in 2004. He is doing an Oral Medicine training program at the University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine. "I was first introduced to Oral Medicine at NYU, and after spending a few days in the clinics I became greatly intrigued," says Dr. Musbah. "In that year it was clear to me that Oral Medicine had become my passion." Dr. Musbah's training program at University of Pennsylvania includes working at four different clinics and the hospital, along with lectures, journal clubs, and presentations. Off-service rotations include neuroradiology, otolaryngology, internal medicine, oncology, anesthesia, phlebotomy, pain medicine, dermatology, and oral and maxillofacial surgery. In addition, there are graduate studies and classes in oral pathology, microbiology, biostatistics, endodontic, head and neck anatomy, oral and maxillofacial surgery, pharmacology, and radiology. Teaching responsibilities including supervision of pre-doctoral dental students in the oral diagnosis, emergency, and medically complex clinics at the University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine. Upon completion of his residency program, Dr. Musbah plans to pursue a position in an Oral Medicine department at a university or academic medical center, and engage in the clinical practice of Oral Medicine. |

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Thursday, May 7, 2009
Should we get a dog?
This weekend, my college friend Jori, her husband and their adorable twin three-year-old boys came to visit. They brought their dog, too, and Max basically followed her around all weekend. He was fascinated by her. I don't know what kind she was, just of the large and slurpy variety.
Over the years, several people have remarked that a dog would be "good" for Max. As far as I know, a dog is good for any kid, basically, or any family. We've been considering it.
As some of you may have heard, I am a goldfish killer wanted in 14 states. OK, I am not wanted, but I was responsible for sending our two to that big fishbowl in the sky. Obviously, it would be harder to do a dog in. But we're not sure we're up for taking on the responsibility.
I know, I know. I can't decide whether or not to have a third kid. I can't decide whether or not to get a dog. I am obviously hopelessly indecisive about little life decisions like this.
My favorite breeds of dogs are the Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier, above.
The Beagle
The Shih Tzu
The Bichon Frisé
The Chubby-Cheeked Tot. Oh, wait, today we're considering a dog, not a third kid.
So, wise people, what say you? Should we get a dog? Any thoughts on what kind? Or why they'd be good for Max?
28 comments:
I love dogs. Big time. Unfortunately, we just had to find a new home for our awesome dog, Lucy, because we found out Gavin was very allergic. My advice? Find out if there are allergies BEFORE you get a dog.
My other thoughts? The little dogs like Shih Tzus and Bichon's require frequent grooming...not the kind you can do by yourself. Beagles you can throw in the bathtub...but they are rovers so expect that one to run out of the yard chasing vermin. ;-) I've heard nice things about Wheaten Terriers. I prefer mutts from the animal rescue myself. They always turn out to be the nicest, most grateful dogs.
My advice? Go for the baby. You've got a better track record with babies then pets. :-)I don't think you should get A dog, I thank you should get a Companion... A Skilled Companion of course, from CCI... Max would more the qualify (As long as he's 7yo+)...
The dogs are super trained, and super gentle, and FREE if you apply... www.cci.org ... Not every one can get a $45k trained dog... But Max can... :-)
If you want more info, just send me an e-mail...
CCI is the oldest service dog company in the USA, and unlike some others, there Companion dogs are ADA certified (the dog can go any ware Max can go)...
Need proof?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=magjis3d2KoA trained companion dog is a great idea for when he gets older.
We are also thinking about a dog. You would want one that was not grooming intensive and the last two are very much grooming intensive. As nice as a purebred seems we are planning on looking at our local animal shelter first. I am thinking that we would get a poodle mix so that we can avoid (possibly) the whole shedding thing and get a dog that will stay on the small side. Poodles are also a smart breed even if they are grooming intensive. If you shave them short now and then and avoid the fancy cuts then that will take out a lot of the work involved.I've heard that a dog is great for kids who may have a hard time making friends, or may get teased at school. Dogs love unconditionally and don't care about disabilities(a dog would never get mad at Max for drooling).
We have an Irish Jack Russell (not to be confused with the Parson Jack Russell, a different dog entirely). He's a wonderful family dog. If you want to overdose on cuteness, go to http://www.irishjacks.com- AnonymousMay 7, 2009 at 8:58 AM
We have the "Humane Society" breed. Different from our last breed the "dumped by jerks" breed. Both are and were wonderful loving dogs to our twin boys. Sunny came home when my sons were 5 and rode home between their car seats. He is now 100lbs and 13 years old in his golden years. He played with them, guarded them and begged for food from them. (We also have a dumped cat, now 5 that was sent from above for my son. "Mario" has the perfect personality that my son needed. Pets are Great for kids, but my advise, make sure you want a dog that will be a part of your family because they are a lot of work but well worth it.
ReplyDelete I think a dog is a wondeful idea, and he more than qualifies for a canine campanion. We are looking at getting a dog ourselves, but not til the next house we are in. I am more of a golden retriever gal myself. I love how gentle and nurturing they are, and it is pretty much the only breed Regan likes as well.
ReplyDelete- FeliciaMay 7, 2009 at 9:47 AM
You should get a dog if you think you're ready--the kids will love the dog and play with it for hours. If your babies are allergic, like Kate said, you want to watch out for that. You might want to try a little weekend dog sitting for friends to check that out, and also get a sense if you can deal with the routine. Also, terriers can sometimes be nippy, especially with little children--I have no idea why that is. Beagles will howl, but if you're in the country with people who have other dogs of the hunting variety, who cares? Collies will herd, and they sometimes can make kids nervous. You also want a fenced yard so your dog won't run off, and you've got to get into the Poop Patrol habit, too! If your yard is big enough you won't have to walk your dog religiously, because the children will run around in circles with the dog and exercise it that way.
Dogs teach a lot of lessons--goodness, kindness, acceptance. One of our dogs (we had three) died a year or so ago, and that was a bit tough but we all learned the lesson about death and sadness and remembering and moving on.
I do think you should get a dog, and have another baby too, if that's what you want! I agree with Rich, get a therapy dog. A dog that can help Max through his life and become a friend, companion, and helper. I believe animals can be healers to children in some ways. Our cat Scooter is no indoor outdoor to avoid a litter box around Jude, BUT when Jude has seizures he will sit next to him until their are done. Jude will smile when Scooter rubs against him. I have heard the best dogs for children are golden ret, labs, etc but they are larger dogs. My aunt raises yorkie poo's, and knows an amazing amount about dogs. If you would like to talk to her I could give you her number. Good luck!!!
ReplyDeleteI love dogs, as you know! We're thinking about a puppy for the summer. I love a big, drooly, warm dog. I do not like little yappy things like you pictured. Except beagles. I like beagles.
Anway, I think every kid should have a dog. But just make sure you're ready for the committment. Our dog was like our first child, and he went everywhere with us. I'm big on the shelter dogs, so we'll either go that route or get a mutt pup from a friend which would eventually be a shelter dog.
Good luck. And the 3rd kid? I will if you will. HA!A BIG dog and what the heck, the third kid too.
We have a small dog and a lab. The lab has such a good temperment and Jake just lays all over him and pulls his ears, rides him like a horse, sucks his paw (Yuck). I am sure you get the picture.
Big dogs are sturdier for kids I think.
We have had two labs and raised them from puppies and they are so great with kids.- Barbara from BostonMay 7, 2009 at 2:59 PM
Regarding goldfish killers - when my nephew was Sabrina's age my sister got goldfish - one for each of them. It was a hot day and he decided fishies were thirsty.He then administered Country Time lemonade. Hello fishy heaven...
P.S. my security letters on your blog (to avoid phishing attacks) was 'turded'. Can I get that fixed? We have a little shih Tzus cross cocker spaniel. I love him dearly and he is hyper allergetic and doesn't shed..reason being shih tzus's don't shed they have hair not fur.. anyways he does need to be groomed ALLOT..and is a very very needy breed. I would say he is my first child hahaha. If I did not have Jericho (our dog :)) at this point in life and was thinking of getting a dog for Gabi to play with I would get a Golden Retriever. I've grown up with these types of dogs and my parents have one now, they are amazing animals. So caring, loyal and easily trained. I've NEVER seen an aggresive golden retriever and they are great with children. Downside of this breed is: they shed, there quite large and depending on your breeder they can have lots of medical problems (as with all pure breds-mutts tend to have less problems in the long run). So if you do go for a pure bred regardless of the breed make sure to do your research.
I'd say go for it!! Get a dog, they are great for the soul..will always be there for you even on the worst of days..really a mans best friend haha :)- AnonymousMay 7, 2009 at 4:05 PM
We found out we were pregnant with Alice five weeks after we brought our six-week-old chocolate lab Kona home in 2005. You can imagine what it was like having a newborn and a one-year-old lab puppy. Honestly, I am amazed we still HAVE the puppy (now almost 4 and still very much in the puppy phase). All the stolen socks and mud prints aside, Alice and Isabelle both are absolutely in love and infatuated with Kona. I love the idea of the girls growing with Kona.
I won't lie, there are many times when I wish Kona wouldn't barf on our bed or lick the kids' face, but all-in-all, I can't imagine our family without her.
*Note: We picked a lab because they are great with kids and very family oriented. The flip side of that is that they crave interaction... someone who dog sat for us once called Kona his shadow because every time he turned around, there she was!
Good luck!!! (I say go for the baby, too, you know how much fun those are!!) - AnonymousMay 7, 2009 at 4:43 PM
How about a Golden Retreiver. They are extremely loving and very smart. First off you need to get it trained so it isnt just jumping up on him. Maybe even a little older of one. Already potty trained is great. Good luck. I love our 2 dogs. We have a Austrailian Shepherd and a Basset/Blue Heeler mix. They seem to know when my kids are sad and they just sit there waiting to be pet if they need someone. The Basset mix will just lay on her side right up next to you and lick your hand everyonce in a while or get under it...like she is telling you to pet her. Good Luck!
ReplyDelete Hmmmm. . . Charlie has just started to notice dogs and I love watching him try to pet them.
Dogs may be tough, though, because I get the impression you guys are all out for most of the day. Or are the kids at home with the babysitter?
If I could do it with hindsight, I'd get a dog that doesnt' shed as much as mine does--maybe a poodle--just for the sake of my vacuum cleaner.We have a bichon, and they are great dogs. We've had bichon's growing up as a kid. They don't shed, so they'r hypoallergenic, they're super good with kids and they're pretty. Just make sure to see the parents, and get a smaller one. You don't want the parents to be over 12 pounds. The ideal bichon weighs less than 10.
The no shedding is great for no extra vaccuuming, but can get expensive with grooming. My wisdom there is to find an inexpensive GOOD groomer and take them regularly. It's worth it to me to not be vaccuuming up hair every day.I've gotten such great perspective from all these comments and suggestions. You know, Max is turning 7 in December (what you were asking, AZ!) and I think we might seriously consider a companion dog for then. He is going to need help in his lifetime picking things up.
I am going to call them up soon and find out when we can start the application process. Rich, thanks for the heads up.
I wonder if you can train companion dogs to make family dinners? And vacuum? Hee, hee.
Oh, and for those of you who want me to have a third child: Will you babysit? :)
Barbara, I wish I could help you with the security letters on my blog, but I don't even know what getting 'turded' means. I am assuming it's not as awful as it sounds?!Elizabeth is very animal crazy and her father and I are not. When I see her around other animals I feel like such a meany for not getting her a pet.
We had a beagle when I was growing up, he was great but he would literally eat himself to his death.
I think the best thing about having a dog is that I would not have to vaccuum after meals. A dog would love Elizabeth and all the crumbs she leaves. It would be a great companion for Max.It certainly seems like a lot of people are weighing in on this topic, so add one more to the list. We have a black lab that is THE BEST dog. I call her our therapy dog since Emma will do more for Finnegan than anyone else. And, Finnegan just takes all the grief the girls can give out and gives them kisses.
I just finished the book Anything but a Dog! The perfect pet for a girl with congenital CMV. I highly recommend it as reading - the basic premise is that they adopted the dog for the typically developing daughter but found out that it was really their special needs daughter, Elizabeth, that needed the dog and they never realized it!
Good luck with your choice. It seems like you aren't rushing into the decision, which is great for everyone.Most Companion dogs are Lab / Golden crosses, and are at least 2 years old before being placed... They are made to be around kids, puppy raisers take A1 care of them, and they are extremely well trained.
Ilia (Cole's Skilled Companion), knows about 60 commands.. And again, they are ADA certified.
The waiting list can be a few months, and you must attend a 2-week class (paid for)... at a CCI Regional Training Center. www.cci.org / 1-800-572-BARK!
Truly amazing animals... Give them a call, you have nothing to loose, and so much to gain!I'll echo another poster who said to make sure that getting a dog is a family decision. Dogs require a lot of care and a lot of attention. I'm a dog lover - everyone in my family has dogs - so much so that I remember people were usually outnumbered by animals at family gatherings. Having said that, raising the puppy and taking care of Bennett is just about doing me in.
My advice - do a lot of soul searching and research breeds and breeders.When our animal-loving, Aspergers daughter was young, we got a dog for the family. But we really got it for her, since friends at school were virtually non-existent and we thought she needed a dog buddy.
It was a failure. With a different dog it might have worked. But despite our research and best efforts at finding a dog that would "fit" our family, the dog never bonded with any of the kids. She was a very sweet dog, but she really only wanted to be buddies with us, the parents. And we were too busy with our special needs child, and other children, to give her what she craved. So she was an unhappy dog (resulting in some real problems), plus my daughter didn't have a dog buddy. We ended up having to find another home for her after a couple years, one where she could be the center of attention. This is after working with a doggie psychologist, et cetera, trying to make it work. We were all very upset about it, and it was crushing for my daughter.
I'm writing this as a cautionary tale. It is really hard to know, until you have the dog, how the dog will interact with you and the family. It is hard to know what a puppy's personality will be when it grows up. I expect the Companion dog program would be one way to have more of a guarantee that the dog would provide the companionship you would like for your son.
Best wishes,
Susan- CatherineMay 12, 2009 at 9:15 PM
I love dogs, and I miss not having one. I'm 19 years old, just finished my freshman year of college. From the time I was two until June 11, 2008, my Dalmatian Minnie was one of my best friends. I grew up with her. She was my sister.
Get a dog. Either a Companion dog or just a regular ol' dog. They bring more joy into a child's life than you can imagine (and I'm saying this as someone who was a kid just a few years ago, still am a kid in many ways). Every problem that comes their way will be a bit easier because they'll have a lovable, hugable friend.
But, and you need to think about this: dogs do not live as long as people. Like I said, Minnie was my sister, we were raised side by side. The week she died (she passed 5 days after I graduated from high school) was the one of the hardest things I ever had to experience. Your kids, Max and Sabrina, will grow to love this dog. And it will become a constant for them. You have to be prepared to know that one day, your dog won't be there.
This isn't to discourage you, really, because I would have Minnie all over again even if I knew it would cause the same heartbreak. It's just to let you know, somewhere down the road, it is going to be difficult.


text:
Firebrand social care campaigner and friend of The BRISTOLIAN, Mr STEVE 'STORMIN' NORMAN, who's recently been shaking things up at the council and elsewhere over the Holmwood House scandal, has declared he will be running for council as an independent candidate for Avonmouth in the May local elections.
This might disappoint Labour, who have their old stager JOHN 'BUMBLE' BEES lined up and would be hoping to keep the seat, currently held by their washed-up ex-MP, Doug Naysmith.
Norman will be running on a ticket attacking the council's abysmal record in social care, which as well as embarrassing the city council may well expose Labour's COULDN'T-GIVE-A-TOSS-PRIVATISE-THE-LOT attitude to social care in the city.
Meanwhile, the current cabinet boss for social care, BARBARA JANKE will announce she will not be running for her Clifton seat again.
Janke has had little influence in changing the dismal quality of residential social care provided by private providers in the city and instead has been acting as little more than a mouthpiece for council managers determined to cover up the lethal state of privatised residential care in the city.
A suitably fitting damp squib finale for this politician of the second rank.
Over in the alternative universe occupied by INDYREDPANTS FOR BRISTOL – the political party that says it's not a political party – it looks like business as usual to us with the endorsement by IfB of Stella Perrett as its candidate in Redland.
She, you may recall, is a close former friend and associate of disgraced local Lib Dem kiddie porn aficionado councillor John Astley, who in 2004 was convicted for his paedo peccadilloes – as well as a number of electoral fraud charges which, err, The Artist Formerly Known As Stella Hender also faced!
Meanwhile, the Redpants' foghorn-voiced closet Tory boss, Mayor Fergo's pal STEPHEN 'UNSPARKLING' PERRY, has "fast-tracked" himself to become the candidate for Clifton, effectively replacing one enormously embarrassing candidate – BRENDA 'WISE MONKEY' MCLENNAN, the Analphoney's innumerate bean counter – with another enormously embarrassing candidate – himself!
This new politics looks strangely like the old politics, doesn't it?
The local elections take place on Thursday 22 May 2014, along with the non-event of the European elections.
As many as 70% of people in Bristol will not vote. And who can really blame them?
Will it make any difference?


text:
No Live Audience for 2020 CMA Awards
It's going to be essential personnel only at the 2020 CMA Awards. One day after revealing the nominations for the Nov. 11 show, the Country Music Association shares that fans will not be allowed inside the venue.
It's still not clear what venue it is, however, or where the CMA Awards will be broadcast from this year. The Nashville show is typically staged at the Bridgestone Arena in downtown Nashville, but no announcement has been made to indicate that will be the CMAs' home once again. News that tickets will not be sold to the general public makes hosting the 2020 show in such a large venue unnecessary, and perhaps cost-prohibitive.
The CMA's CEO Sarah Trahern shared this news in a letter to members on Tuesday morning, shortly after Miranda Lambert and Luke Combs were revealed to be the most nominated artists at the 2020 CMA Awards. Lambert is nominated in every category she's eligible for, while Combs is up for Entertainer of the Year, Male Vocalist, Single and Song of the Year (twice).
9 CMA Nominations Stunners, From Least to Most Surprising:
"We understand this news is disappointing, but know the adjustment is necessary in order to provide the safest possible environment for all involved," Trahern writes in her letter.
The 2020 CMA Awards air on ABC at 8PM ET on Nov. 11. Hosts have yet to be announced, but per Trahern, that will change in a matter of weeks, and there will be more than one host.
In addition to Combs and Lambert, Carrie Underwood, Eric Church and Keith Urban round out the Entertainer of the Year category for 2020. Of that group only Urban has won the award previously. Maren Morris, Dan + Shay and Carly Pearce are among the most nominated singers, as well. No performers for the show have been announced.
Remember: The best way to watch the 2020 CMAs is on TV, with ToC on your phone!
See Which Artists Have the Most 2020 CMA Awards Nominations:


text:
The Electronic Scholarly Publishing Project: Providing access to classic scientific papers and other scholarly materials, since 1993. More About: ESP | OUR CONTENT | THIS WEBSITE | WHAT'S NEW | WHAT'S HOT
Comparative Timelines
The ESP Timeline (one of the site's most popular features) has been completely updated to allow the user to select (using the timeline controls above each column) different topics for the left and right sides of the display.
New Left Column
New Left Column
New Right Column
New Right Column
Painting by Jean-Honoré Fragonard: Young Girl Reading, or The Reader (French: La Liseuse), is an 18th-century oil painting, purchased by the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC in 1961 using funds donated by Ailsa Mellon Bruce, the daughter of Andrew W. Mellon, following her father's death. The work is more a genre painting of an everyday scene than a portrait, and the name of the sitter is not known. X-ray photography has revealed that the canvas originally featured a different head looking towards the viewer, which Fragonard painted over.
Painting by Thomas Gainsborough: The Blue Boy. Perhaps Gainsborough's most famous work, it is thought to be a portrait of Jonathan Buttall (17521805), the son of a wealthy hardware merchant, although this has never been proven. It is a historical costume study as well as a portrait: the youth in his 17th-century apparel is regarded as Gainsborough's homage to Anthony van Dyck, and in particular is very close to Van Dyck's portrait of Charles II as a boy.
Crispus Attucks, an escaped slave, becomes the first colonial resident to die for American independence when he is killed by the British in the Boston massacre.
Around 1770, the European slave trade with Africa reaches its peak, transporting nearly 80,000 enslaved Africans across the Atlantic annually.
Escaped slave, Crispus Attucks, is killed by British forces in Boston, Massachusetts. He is one of the first colonists to die in the war for independence.
(no entry for this year)
On June 22, Lord Chief Mansfield rules in the James Somerset case that an enslaved person brought to England becomes free and cannot be returned to slavery. His ruling establishes the legal basis for the freeing of England's fifteen thousand slaves.
James Albert Ukawsaw Gronniosaw's writes the first autobiographical slave narrative.
(no entry for this year)
Jean Baptiste Point du Sable is the first settler in the community now known as Chicago. Point du Sable described himself as "a free mulatto man." He was married to a Potawatomi woman named Catherine some time in the 1770s.
Phillis Wheatley of Boston publishes Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral. This is the first book of poetry published by an African-American woman.
Phillis Wheatley becomes the first published African-American poet when a London publishing company releases a collection of her verse.
Slaves in Massachusetts unsuccessfully petition the government for their freedom.
The first separate black church in America is founded in South Carolina.
The "Boston Tea Party" occurs as a protest against British taxation policies.
German poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe writes the short novel The Sorrows of Young Werther.
Rhode Island becomes first colony to prohibit importation of slaves.
Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Georgia prohibit the importation of slaves.
The First Continental Congress bans trade with Britain and vows to discontinue the slave trade after the 1st of December.
Virginia takes action against slave importation.
(no entry for this year)
Lord Dunmore, promises freedom to male slaves who join British army.
General Washington forbids recruiting officers enlisting blacks to fight in defense of American freedom.
The first Spanish ship, the San Carlos, commanded by Juan Manuel de Ayala, enters San Francisco Bay.
The Grand Union flag is adopted by the American colonies in rebellion against England.
Abolitionist Society Anthony Benezet of Philadelphia founds the worlds first abolitionist society. Benjamin Franklin becomes its president in 1787.
In April, the first battles of the Revolutionary war are waged between the British and Colonial armies at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts. Black Minutemen participate in the fighting.
In July, George Washington announces a ban on the enlistment of free blacks and slaves in the colonial army. By the end of the year, he reverses the ban, ordering the Continental Army to accept the service of free blacks.
In November, Virginia Governor John Murray, Lord Dunmore, issues a proclamation announcing that any slave fighting on the side of the British will be liberated.
The slave population in the colonies is nearly 500,000. In Virginia, the ratio of free colonists to slaves is nearly 1:1. In South Carolina it is approximately 1:2. 1775 Georgia takes action against slave importation.
Benjamin Franklin and Benjamin Rush form an anti-slavery group in Philadelphia.
The American Revolution begins with fighting at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts.
The Continental Congress appoints George Washington head of the Continental Army.
Painting by Joseph Wright: Vesuvius in Eruption is the subject of thirty paintings and at least one preliminary sketch by Joseph Wright of Derby, who travelled in Italy in the years 1773-1775. It appears that whilst Wright was in Italy Vesuvius was not erupting.
Presidio of San Francisco forms as a Spanish fort.
Continental Congress approves enlistment of free blacks .
Delaware prohibits the importation of African slaves.
In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, members of the Continental Congress sign the Declaration of Independence.
In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the Society of Friends, also known as the Quakers, forbids its members from holding slaves.
Declaration of Independence published. The Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (Independence Hall) in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies, then at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain, regarded themselves as thirteen newly independent sovereign states, and no longer under British rule. Instead they formed a new nation — the United States of America. John Adams was a leader in pushing for independence, which was passed on July 2 with no opposing vote cast. A committee of five had already drafted the formal declaration, to be ready when Congress voted on independence. The term "Declaration of Independence" is not used in the document itself. Although Americans generally regard themselves as having been independent since July 4, 1776, in fact true, legal independence was not achieved until the Treaty of Paris was signed in 1783 and ratified by the Congress of the Confederation on January 14, 1784.
Adam Smith publishes The Wealth of Nations, which lays the foundation for free-market capitalism.
Washington leads the Continental Army in a crossing of the Delaware River, beginning on Christmas Day. The crossing catches the British army unaware, resulting in a victory for the rebel forces.
The Bass Brewery was founded in 1777 by William Bass in Burton-upon-Trent, England. The main brand was Bass Pale Ale, once the highest-selling beer in the UK. By 1877, Bass had become the largest brewery in the world, with an annual output of one million barrels. Its pale ale was exported throughout the British Empire, and the company's distinctive red triangle became the UK's first registered trademark. Bass was a pioneer in international brand marketing. Very early on, Bass applied a red triangle to casks of its Pale Ale. Bottles of Bass with the Red Triangle logo have occasionally appeared in art and literature, including Édouard Manet's 1882 painting A Bar at the Folies-Bergère. In 2001, 66,500,000 litres of Bass were sold in the United States. However Bass seems to have suffered under the custodianship of InBev and later Anheuser-Busch InBev as it is undergoing heavy decline in American consumption, with 24,200,000 litres sold in the country in 2010.
San Jose, California, is founded on orders from Antonio María de Bucareli y Ursúa, Spanish Viceroy of New Spain, thus providing an answer to the not-yet-asked question, Do you know the way to San Jose?
Continental Congress adopts the Stars and Stripes replacing the Grand Union flag. The new flag has thirteen stars and thirteen stripes, representing the thirteen original states: Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island.
Vermont amends its constitution to ban slavery. Over the next 25 years, other Northern states emancipate their slaves and ban the institution: Pennsylvania, 1780; Massachusetts and New Hampshire, 1783; Connecticut and Rhode Island, 1784; New York, 1799; and New Jersey, 1804. Some of the state laws stipulate gradual emancipation.
New York enfranchises all free propertied men regardless of color or prior servitude.
Vermont is the first of the thirteen colonies to abolish slavery and enfranchise all adult males.
The German composer Ludwig von Beethoven, age eight, is presented by his father as a music prodigy.
Painting by John Singleton Copley: Watson and the Shark about a shark attack on a swimmer, Brook Watson, that occurred in Havana, Cuba in 1749. Copley had never visited Havana, and it is likely that he had never seen a shark, much less a shark attack. It is probable that he gleaned details of Havana harbor from prints and book illustrations: he includes the real landmark of Morro Castle in the background of the painting. The shark is less convincing; it includes details not found in sharks, such as forward-facing eyes and lips.
Rhode Island forbids the removal of slaves from the state.
Virginia prohibits the importation of slaves.
The first school of the arts is established in the New World, in Mexico City.
Capt. James Cook dies during a skirmish in Hawaii.
ESP Quick Facts
ESP Origins
In the early 1990's, Robert Robbins was a faculty member at Johns Hopkins, where he directed the informatics core of GDB — the human gene-mapping database of the international human genome project. To share papers with colleagues around the world, he set up a small paper-sharing section on his personal web page. This small project evolved into The Electronic Scholarly Publishing Project.
ESP Support
In 1995, Robbins became the VP/IT of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, WA. Soon after arriving in Seattle, Robbins secured funding, through the ELSI component of the US Human Genome Project, to create the original ESP.ORG web site, with the formal goal of providing free, world-wide access to the literature of classical genetics.
ESP Rationale
Although the methods of molecular biology can seem almost magical to the uninitiated, the original techniques of classical genetics are readily appreciated by one and all: cross individuals that differ in some inherited trait, collect all of the progeny, score their attributes, and propose mechanisms to explain the patterns of inheritance observed.
ESP Goal
In reading the early works of classical genetics, one is drawn, almost inexorably, into ever more complex models, until molecular explanations begin to seem both necessary and natural. At that point, the tools for understanding genome research are at hand. Assisting readers reach this point was the original goal of The Electronic Scholarly Publishing Project.
ESP Usage
Usage of the site grew rapidly and has remained high. Faculty began to use the site for their assigned readings. Other on-line publishers, ranging from The New York Times to Nature referenced ESP materials in their own publications. Nobel laureates (e.g., Joshua Lederberg) regularly used the site and even wrote to suggest changes and improvements.
ESP Content
When the site began, no journals were making their early content available in digital format. As a result, ESP was obliged to digitize classic literature before it could be made available. For many important papers — such as Mendel's original paper or the first genetic map — ESP had to produce entirely new typeset versions of the works, if they were to be available in a high-quality format.
ESP Help
Early support from the DOE component of the Human Genome Project was critically important for getting the ESP project on a firm foundation. Since that funding ended (nearly 20 years ago), the project has been operated as a purely volunteer effort. Anyone wishing to assist in these efforts should send an email to Robbins.
ESP Plans
With the development of methods for adding typeset side notes to PDF files, the ESP project now plans to add annotated versions of some classical papers to its holdings. We also plan to add new reference and pedagogical material. We have already started providing regularly updated, comprehensive bibliographies to the ESP.ORG site.
ESP Picks from Around the Web (updated 06 MAR 2017 )
Old Science
Weird Science
Treating Disease with Fecal Transplantation
Fossils of miniature humans (hobbits) discovered in Indonesia
Dinosaur tail, complete with feathers, found preserved in amber.
Mysterious fast radio burst (FRB) detected in the distant universe.


text:
Middleboro, Massachusetts, United States, 4th Dec 2022 – In the upcoming days, AppleParts Is Launching New logic boards for MacBook. This new product will be helpful for every user of MacBook. This will completely change the user experience for MacBook. AppleParts is dedicated to giving everyone the latest version of logicboards with a focus on affordability, quality and customer service.
One of the best things about MacBooks with AppleParts' a1990 logic board is how long they last and how well they hold onto their value. MacBooks are the only laptops that will still look elegant after all that time and yet fetch a good price on the second-hand market. While many laptops can last for several years or even longer, MacBooks are the only laptops that can do both.
The passage of time results in an increase in the size of applications and a general slowdown in the performance of computers. However, it is among the most capable firms in the industry to continuously support older devices by installing new software upgrades. AppleParts is always providing secure products like logic boards for Macbook. This protects people from the most recent cyberattacks and ensures that they will always have access to the most recent features of their Mac, regardless of how old it may be.
The fact that MacBooks last so long is why they hold their worth so well. A MacBook that is three years old may typically be sold for approximately fifty percent of its initial price.
Both of which cater to distinct customer bases. The options have been narrowed down, making selecting the most suitable laptop for a person's needs simpler. It offers a plethora of variants of the same computers under names that are impossible to grasp.
Second, its online store is well-organized and easy to navigate, and the company's retail outlets are worldwide. They are staffed with competent employees who can assist the customer in making a purchase. On the other hand, the websites of many other laptop manufacturers can be challenging to use, and their retail stores can be chaotic and confusing.
Let's face it: AppleParts MacBooks are sweet. It has spent years cultivating its brand's social position as a luxury and innovative one. When people see a person using a MacBook, they will almost certainly have the impression that the person is creative, fashionable, and most likely successful. Naturally, someone can do all those things with whichever variety of laptops they choose. But it can't deny that MacBook part a2159 logic board has a certain social cachet that other laptops don't have.
There are several advantages to purchasing a MacBook over another kind of laptop, such as a Windows or Linux computer. Some of these advantages include their longer lifespans, higher resale values, and more aesthetically pleasing designs. It is evident why MacBooks are the leading items in their field when one considers the ease of purchasing a MacBook and the full multimedia experience it provides.
Media Contact
Organization: AppleParts
Contact Person: Ihor Kyselov
Email: [email protected]
Website: https://appleparts.io/
Address 1: 25 Wareham st, Unit 2-12
City: Middleboro
State: Massachusetts
Country: United States
The post AppleParts Is Launching New logic boards for MacBook appeared first on King Newswire.


text:
Whether you're in the main channel or the back of a quiet cove, we can build a dock for you!
Rough Water Dock is Simply the Best.
"We Like it Rough!"
Commercial and Residential new dock Construction
Rough Water Dock provides complete dock service, new dock construction, repair service, dock moving and tear downs to the entire Lake of the Ozarks Area. We build quality commercial and residential docks. We are a complete construction facility. Each new dock is custom built from the ground up. Rough Water Docks have been rated one of the strongest and most durable docks on the Lake of the Ozarks. Take it from our motto, "we like it rough," we build docks to withstand the tests of the lake for years to come.
For all your dock and lift needs, Crabco LLC dba Rough Water Dock is here. Crabco LLC is listed as an Ameren UE Certified Dock Builder, and will make sure your new dock is up-to-code and compliant with all regulations. From on water regulations, filing forms for dock permits, to electricity, we will take care of you from start to finish; so you can start relaxing and enjoying the lake now! We also offer everything you may need to go along with your dock, including Wet Steps products and more!
Other Services:
- Dock Accessories
- Authorized Wet Steps Dealer
- Authorized Poly Lift Dealer
- Add-on Slips
- Swim Docks
- Repairs
- Portable Welding
- Diving Platforms
- Custom Sheds with many options
- Tiki Bars
- Stone and Rock work built to suit
- Rip Rap
- Dock Moving
- Winter Watch
- Snow Removal
- Refoaming
From residential to commercial
Rough Water Dock does it all!
Design your own custom dock or chose from our proven quality designs.
Let us build your dream dock for you!
Rough Water Dock builds and services docks for the entire Lake of the Ozarks area.
Crabco LLC
"We Like it Rough!"


text:
By John C. Toman. Posted December 6, 2011, 9:56 PM.Another night of freezing temperatures is predicted for Tuesday night and Wednesday morning, along with a frost advisory. A series of low pressure systems to the east has left clear, dry conditions ideal for radiational cooling. Temperatures were expected to be in the 20's and lower 30's across much of the Western Riverside and Southwestern San Bernardino counties. The coldest temperatures are predicted in the higher elevations, where low in the teens are forecast for early tomorrow morning. At 10pm Tuesday night, temperatures in Wildomar, Murrieta, Lake Elsinore and Menifee had already fallen into the 30's. Frost is not expected in Fallbrook and De Luz, and may miss some of the warmer areas around the Riverside metro. Wednesday will be the third morning in a row for freezing temperatures in Southern California's inland valleys, but only the second with widespread frost. Winds generally kept frost from forming Tuesday. |
Other Recent Weather News for French Valley, California


text:
Wednesday, July 8, 2009, 11:27 PM
Posted by Administrator
Just after the middle of June I started a discussion on LinkedIn.com on the following topic:Posted by Administrator
How do we expand OpenVMS to new environments? How do we attract companies to use OpenVMS? How would you get more young people interested in this environment rather than Windows and *nix?
Click on the above headline to go to the discuss. You will have to join the OpenVMS Community Group on LinkedIn.com but you should find the comments and energy encouraging.
This has been a fairly successful discussion and has reach the point where we are starting to pull things together so we can establish goals and have an action plan and create some real improvements in the OpenVMS Community. This is a copy of a recent post on that discussion:
Like any significant endeavor this program has many different levels of interaction and complexity. Yes, this is a program, not a project. Multiple independent but inter-related projects within the effort as we move forward. Delineating these efforts and breaking them down will then aid us in focusing on moving forward.
I started trying to convince HP their implementation of OpenVMS Evangelism was not properly focused and as I have been pushing this for a while in the background I am willing to take the lead on this. I look to those with close, special relationships within HP and other companies to act as our liaisons and provide either introduction to right people or take on efforts to bring each entity into the fold as we move forward.
As Michelle has pointed out this is multi-leveled in terms of communication. Taking her breakdown and expanding on it:
1. C level management and Board members
- Primary Goal: name recognition for OpenVMS and its strengths
2. IT management
- Primary Goal: educate on why they should choose OpenVMS
3. ISVs
- Primary Goal: why they should develop and/or
support their products on OpenVMS
4. Open Source Developers
- Primary Goal: why they should include OpenVMS
as a supported platform /
benefits of native OpenVMS operation
5. Practitioners / OpenVMS Enthusiasts
- Primary Goal: education and resources
to be volunteer ambassadors
6. Potential practitioners / OpenVMS Enthusiasts
- Primary Goal: introduction to / hands on OpenVMS
7. Students
- Primary Goal: introduction to /
hands on OpenVMS /
lowering the average age of the OpenVMS Community
That said we need to consider how we move forward with this effort. I have been discussing with some the idea of a need for a centralized site dedicated to OpenVMS that is accurate, up-to-date, thorough, and easy to navigate which presents the following:
Open Source
Open Source
Open Source tools to aid implementation/porting
of open source code to OpenVMS
User stories - SUCCESS STORIES
White Papers
Best Practices
WHY OpenVMS vs ...
Marketing communications resources
In other words, create a site that runs entire gamut of what, where, how, who, why, when, why not, which of OpenVMS.
The site that seems to make the most sense as far as a starting point is OpenVMS.org. It already has a certain amount of name recognition and is a perfect starting point.
I am proposing a WIKI oriented approach here. Get the community involved QUICKLY. One difference is we need a mechanism so the owner of the product or service can CLAIM the page and lock it down. The owner can get involved and maintain this resource to most accurately and thoroughly reflect their product or service. ANYONE could go to this site and find out about applications or services on OpenVMS. I have looked at some wiki engines and currently think a good starting point is the TWIKI engine. It has a good structuring mechanism and many extensions/plugins and should be able to be enhanced to fulfill our requirements. Comments and suggestions are welcome.
This site then becomes a mechanism of communication and the focusing of the OpenVMS effort. There is nothing that says the wiki could not also be used to provide coordination on the project. Documentation and coordination are the basis of the wiki anyway.
With this first step we can then start getting an idea of how someone might configure a "base" environment for SMBs using OpenVMS as a foundation - tool for introduction into that spectrum.
We need to start developing the breakdown of how we work to accomplish each of the areas we have identified as areas needing focus. I do not see any specific tool needed here at present.
I would like to keep this as much out in the open as possible. I want to see the support of organizations such as HP Connect and the OpenVMS SIG but I also want to make sure we keep it easy for people to participate. Even LinkedIn.com is a bit of "club" but it offered a forum that was easy to use as a starting point and had a decent exposure. I have started a blog on my website: www.ccsscorp.com/VMSblog. I will cross post this entry as a start.
I personally am working on the education aspects of OpenVMS. More on what we are doing here as we move forward and finish some development and start some new initiatives.
Please keep involved and keep bringing the new, good, ideas to the table!