text:
The madness, excitement, adventure and musings of a runner who can't get enough of it
Race Schedule
Wednesday, July 29, 2009
Deep Thoughts
A first 100 is "kind of a big deal" so I want to remember what exactly I did so that I can learn from mistakes and from good decisions.
I think I really nailed this somehow, and I didn't even go in with a "plan" per se, but just went by what I was craving the day before the race... :)
-One S!Cap every 45 minutes for the first 70 miles, then pulled back slightly and one per hour the remaining time.
-Carried one bottle of plain water, and one bottle of Perpetuem per hour the entire race. After Bill's (~mile 88) I wasn't as disciplined, but the swelling in my hands did go down so I'm thinking I did something right. At mile 70, I was up a total of 6 pounds (yowza!) so I was asked to ease off the liquids a bit. Puffy hands, and I could tell my feet were swollen, but they weren't as noticeable as my hands were.
-Two Clif Shot Bloks or 1 gel per hour the entire day. By mile 88 the taste of either of these was even less desirable than lima beans (and I hate lima beans!), but I still choked them down on schedule and never had any true nausea. I did get short bouts of it towards the end, but I think that was mostly due to the fact that I was tired of everything and just wanted a big ol' hamburger!
-At every crew accessible aid station, I had a chocolate Ensure. And throughout the race, I had about 3-4 Starbuck's Doubleshot drinks. When I was hanging low on the energy scale, Geof was always ready with one of these and boy did they not only wake me up, but they gave me a serious boost of happy energy! I felt good about 15 minutes after drinking a Doubleshot, yum!
-Aid station food: I only ate watermelon slices, boiled potatoes with salt, a cup of ginger ale and ramen noodles at any given aid station, but never all at once. It was very rare (once, maybe twice) that I grabbed anything else. I wasn't craving anything at the stations, other than the watermelon, and I was never so hungry that I needed anything other than what I was carrying already...but if there was a hamburger at Bill's I would have devoured it! Plus, I didn't want to eff up my "plan" :)
-I know I ate some random small items from the car whenever I saw Geof, but I cannot recall what it was...trail mix perhaps? He had mixed up M&Ms, raisins and peanuts in a bag and I know I had a handful at some point. Maybe an Oreo? Not sure :)
-Due to my awesome intake of liquids I was peeing like the dickens! I'm not sure if it's bad or not, but about 60 miles in I needed to answer nature's call close to every 20 minutes.
I washed my feet with soap and water twice (maybe even three times) when I saw Geof, and put on clean socks 5 or 6 times. I also brushed my teeth twice. Seriously, brushing my teeth made me feel like a new woman each time. Changing socks was pure heaven, and even more so when my feet were fresh and clean!
Changed my shoes, from my Cascadia trail shoes to my Glycerin 7 road shoes, at mile 47. My feet were feeling bruised from all the pavement-like pounding on the gravel roads, and the shoe swap made a huge difference.
Speaking of...
I started out in Drymax Trail Lite socks (love those), but after 21 miles, I needed a change, and to pop some blisters. What?! Geof lubed up my feet generously with Body Glide every time I saw him, and I changed my socks each time to another pair of Drymax (either Trail or Run Lite's after my first pair), until mile 70 when I decided to just eff it and put on a pair of hyper thin Nike Dry Fit socks under a pair of Smartwool. No additional blisters after that. Hmmm. The blisters I already had from the day stuck around, and at Bill's a medic looked at them and said they were just calluses. Um, no, sorry, that's liquid in there! Ain't no callus! They wouldn't do anything with them, so I replaced my socks and was happy again when they were numbed once more a bit down the trail. At the finish line medical tent, the head doc lanced my blisters and put iodine on them. He said from now on to wear only socks made of the stuff that Drymax is made of (starts with a P, but can't think of it now) and to never put sticky stuff on blisters (ie tape of any kind, moleskin, etc.), which sounds completely ridiculous to me, but hey, he's the doc, not me.
Geof is MacGyver. He had everything, and then some. Things of note to remember for my next hundred:
-Towel: for cleaning feet, for sitting on, for wiping off mud, vaseline, gu, drying hands after washing, etc. It's a very versatile little tool :)
-Soap: for cleaning feet and hands and making you feel fresh as a daisy.
-Clippers: for nails the night before the race when you suddenly realize you forgot to clip the tootsies down.
-Body Glide: a big ol' thing of this stuff might get you all the way through the race. I was glutenous with this stuff!
-Toothbrush/toothpaste: for removing the sweater-like feeling on your teeth from hours upon hours of ingesting Perpetuem and Shot Bloks. Gross.
-Small cooler with ice: for the Doubleshots and Ensure...nothing beats cold drinks during a hot race!
-Jugs of water: for cleaning feet, hands, filling bottles ahead of time, rinsing your legs off after a bathroom misfire trail side :)
-Wet wipes: the kind that are like moist toilet paper...whoa, made me feel like a million bucks more than once!! Good for your face, your tush, and any area that's feeling ripe :)
-Vaseline: to help fend of "fire in the hole". Note to self: apply before it becomes an issue :) You can also use Body Glide for this, but I wasn't too keen on using that on the rest of my body if it had been 'other places'.
-Ziplock bags: to separate everything so stuff is easy to find...I had a blister bag, a batteries and headlamps bag, a Blok and Gu bag, etc. Helps keep things kind of organized.
-Drop bag-like bags: for just in case you decide last minute to put together a drop bag. At Vermont, with a crew/pacer combo, this was very easy to do midway through the race as Geof was able to stop off at 10 Bear and Bills on his way to the shuttle bus (to begin pacing duties) and drop off drop bags for us so that we weren't SOL once he began pacing. Worked out great!
I had four pair of shoes, but only used two. I liked knowing I had other options though. I had more than enough clothing to clothe a third world country, and used maybe 10% of it, but I was also glad to have options here, too. I changed my shirt once, wore a versatile jacket for wind/rain protection that has removable sleeves so once the sun was up I took the sleeves off and wore it as a vest most of the day, one pair of Moebens (the eco sleeves) that were great for the night running portions when I didn't feel like putting the sleeves back on the jacket, a bandanna for cleaning my glasses if I smudged them, my Nathan vest to carry camera, Bloks, Caps, Perpetuem packs, discarded clothing items, etc. I faithfully wore my chili pepper shorts the entire race, but I really thought I had put a pair of shorts in my Bills drop bag, so that's why I stuck with the same shorts all race. They were just fine, but a clean pair would have felt good at mile 88 :) I had on my Headsweats hat the entire race, too. It's a great hat and it doesn't let sweat pool on your forehead. Very comfortable.
My favorite part :) While I sat in the medical tent, Geof brought me a PB, honey and banana sandwich to munch on. Delish! I ate a hotdog at lunch and some kind of vegetable pasta salad, drank water, and about a gallon of Powerade! On the drive back to Burlington, I munched on our trail mix, took my vitamins (I made sure I kept up on these throughout the weekend), drank 20 ounces of Succeed Clip 2 (per Karl King's instruction), and then continued with the water. That night, I devoured a Whopper (yummmmm!) and fries, then thought I'd explode, but not before taking the first packet of Succeed Recovery vitamins. I followed this up for three more nights. You take one packet each night for 4 total nights after a very hard effort (ie any ultra event, really). I should also note that a half hour before the race began, I took the Succeed Pre-Race vitamins. As I had very little muscle soreness in the wake of this, I'm going to sing Succeed's praises and continue with the Pre-Race/Recovery packs in the future.
Don't try to run 21 trail miles in the hills of Vermont without first checking to make sure you have packed enough Perpetuem and S!Caps for the distance. How did I forget to do this? I don't know, but thankfully Dave S. and Sean A. were generous enough to give me some salt caps to cover me for the time being. Thank you, thank you!!!
Don't assume there will be water at every aid station...when you're in the back of the pack :) The first three stations didn't have any water. That sucked.
Be proactive about feet. Fix them before their a problem, or as soon as you notice any pains. Makes a big difference!
Eat throughout. I can't imagine what my stomach would have been like if I hadn't done this.
Drink often.
Have a crew who will understand what you're saying even when you sound like you just celebrated your 21st birthday...in Cancun...and fell asleep with a bottle of tequila. Geof totally got it and if I couldn't form a coherent verbal sentence, he had suggestions at the ready and each time he was right :) He was also a maniac with the Body Glide on my feet!
Always have extra batteries on you. You just never know.
Memorize song lyrics ahead of time if you're not allowed to wear an mp3 player. This will come in handy in the lonely hours when you are bored out of your mind, and will keep you from going nuts repeating the same line over and over again because you don't know the rest of the lyrics...or prevent you from singing Christmas carols in July.
Keep your spirits up! Being and feeling happy during this kind of an event is tough, but it makes a huge difference in the outcome. Who wants to slog through a hundred miles in a crappy mood? That's about as desirable as doing it injured. Have things along to cheer you up, bring a crew/pacer that you know...the lift you get from anticipating and then seeing a familiar face along the way is incredible...tell jokes, talk to other people...you never know who you'll meet, or what you'll learn from others...and make sure to laugh at yourself when you find yourself getting down on things, or you trip and fall, make a wrong turn, or what have you. Just laugh it off! You paid to do this, so have fun with it!
Well I think that about does it. I consider myself pretty darn lucky! I feel great, don't have any real complaints other than some bruise-like pain on the tops of my feet, in the aftermath. My knees and shins never really bothered me (my main concerns going into the race). I had some pretty decent soreness in my quads, but everything else was nonexistent within two days, and I was walking normal by Wednesday. I was able to climb the stairs to the 2nd floor of the bed & breakfast the night after finishing without much trouble, though it must have looked pretty funny :) And, aside from the tough 3-mile run I had on Saturday, I feel pretty ready to get back at it...slowly, but surely. Not bad for a first hundo!
Up next: the CHUGs first fat ass event is this Saturday, Sunburn Six in the Stix (six hour run) and I'm going to try and ek out a few miles, but otherwise will stick to 'crewing' for everyone :)
Crash, out.
11 comments:
- JojaJogger said...
I noticed you said "not bad for a FIRST hundo". Does this mean you are going to be doing this again?
- July 29, 2009 at 2:20 PM
- Paige said...
Of COURSE I want to do this all again. Was there ever a question?
My list of possible next hundreds is growing and growing! - July 29, 2009 at 2:29 PM
- Jerret said...
Very nice post it will come into hand on my first 100miler. I do have one question did you drink a bottle of plain water and Perpetuem every hour?
- July 29, 2009 at 7:29 PM
- David Ray said...
I thought this *was* a "race log". :) That's a great follow-up to your race report. Lots of good info.
One thing I would do different is use Desitin for the "fire in the hole" problem. That's what it's made for and you can apply before the race to prevent issues. Squeeze some in a baggie to put in drop bags and it's easy to apply during the race by inverting the baggie. Then discard. :) - July 29, 2009 at 7:47 PM
- Paige said...
Jerret -
Yes, one bottle of water AND one bottle of Perpetuem per hour (so 40 ounces of liquid every hour). This meant I needed to reduce my calories a little bit elsewhere, since Perpetuem has a that and carbs in it already. So it's all a matter of trial and error, and seeing what works for you.
D-Ray -
I think I'll need to try the Desitin next time, SOMETHING has to work!! LOL :) - July 29, 2009 at 10:05 PM
- Torey said...
I think what separates the 100 mile finishers from the rest of us is knowledge of the expression "fire in the hole." Not sure I want to find out if my intuition is correct. ;-)
- July 29, 2009 at 10:28 PM
- Runner Tammy said...
I am glad to read you will be doing more 100's!
You looked really strong when we were running together and at the finish.
This write up is definitely helpful to other ultra runners because we might as well learn from each others successes (and failures).
You are right that there were issues with water early in the race...as I was running this, I recalled the same issue last year (which was alot hotter). I must have unconsciously recalled this because as I headed out at the start I was completely hydrated with a variety of beverages and had just topped off my water.
See you at Javalina,
Tammy - July 30, 2009 at 5:59 AM
- Lori said...
Paige, congratulations! And thanks for writing with such detail, I feel like I learn so much reading it.
- July 30, 2009 at 3:39 PM
- Run Home Pam said...
You are so right about staying positive all through the race and not taking yourself too seriously. This was tough for me in some places (thr first 20, and around miles 40 and 80). I had to constantly remind myself: "You love this! This is what you spent a year training for!"
I almost talked myself out of continuing any number of times. I hope I have learned this lesson. Keep it upbeat! Very good point.... - July 31, 2009 at 8:38 PM
- Irish Cream said...
Awesome post, Paige. I learned SOOO much, and will definitely revisit this if/when I get brave enough to tackle ultras!!
Congrats again--I am just still in awe! - August 1, 2009 at 4:36 PM
- Paige said...
LOL, IC, yes, definitely revisit this one cuz' if you continue to read my blither you are most certainly going to take a stab at an ultra someday soon...I'll even guarantee that one for you :) Mu hahahaha, I love ultrarunning!!
- August 2, 2009 at 8:51 AM


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subset: commoncrawl


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Monday, April 19, 2010
Great Monday Give: Petunia
As for last week's give of Sir Toby Jingle's Beastly Journey... the winner is Tracysweetangl. E-mail me at webe(at)soon(dot)com with your info and the book will be yours. Thanks for reading gang. See you in a bit.
41 comments:
- Celeste said...
Love this one!
- April 19, 2010 at 8:18 AM
- Brad said...
i dont have this book yet and i have been meaning to get a copy.
- April 19, 2010 at 8:24 AM
- Jonathan said...
I'd love to be entered! Jonathan reads independently and is just devouring books these days. Happy b-day to your son!
(Jonathan's mom) - April 19, 2010 at 8:25 AM
- pambelina said...
So cute! Hope I win!
- April 19, 2010 at 9:11 AM
- Allie said...
Loved this one as a kid!
- April 19, 2010 at 9:59 AM
- Genevieve P said...
I've never seen this book before! I'd love to share it w/ my girls.
- April 19, 2010 at 10:04 AM
- Linda P. said...
Gosh Darn it.... I just feel like this book should be mine. ARRGG
- April 19, 2010 at 10:45 AM
- Christianne @ Little Page Turners said...
Oooh-ooh! Pick me! Pick me! Everyone should have Petunia in their home library.
- April 19, 2010 at 11:33 AM
Oh wow! One of my all-time faves. My kids would LOVE this!
- April 19, 2010 at 1:08 PM
- heather said...
Sounds like a great book!
- April 19, 2010 at 1:17 PM
- Swati said...
A second chance? Lovely! Only problem is I am going out and won't be back in time to check up on the result :(
- April 19, 2010 at 1:38 PM
- Lisa Edborg said...
I love, love, love this book! I read it with my 1st graders when I go over book care at the beginning of the school year.
- April 19, 2010 at 3:49 PM
Thanks for the chance! Loved this one as a kid & would love to share it with my children!
- April 19, 2010 at 4:49 PM
- Jennifer said...
That's a great book. I haven't read that one in a long time!
- April 19, 2010 at 5:19 PM
- Lisa Edborg said...
Just so you know, I don't need a copy of the book, so please leave me out of the drawing. I would hate to take it away from someone who really wants it.
- April 19, 2010 at 6:08 PM
- john & catherine said...
We would love to have this--thanks for sharing. Happy Birthday to your little guy. I love birthday books.
- April 19, 2010 at 6:29 PM
- Jeanette said...
We have this out from the library right now and my kids adore it. Would love to have a copy of our own.
- April 19, 2010 at 6:31 PM
- Katie said...
I'm not familiar with this one, but I'd love to win it!
firstname.lastname@example.com - April 19, 2010 at 9:06 PM
A perfect choice for a give-away. We have many of his books (he's fast become my favorite illustrator) but am missing this one...fingers crossed.
- April 19, 2010 at 9:13 PM
- raul said...
Gotta love Petunia. Haven't seen it since my own childhood.
- April 19, 2010 at 11:46 PM
- Kathleen said...
We don't have this lovely in our collection but would love to. Thanks!
- April 20, 2010 at 8:51 AM
- A said...
I don't know this one but would love to learn about it. Thank you for the opportunity!
- April 20, 2010 at 8:57 AM
- Holly said...
adorable book!
- April 20, 2010 at 9:33 AM
- Hazel Terry said...
Petunia is wonderful and the Happy Lion and most Roger Duvoisin books, great choice.todba
- April 20, 2010 at 9:52 AM
- Anne said...
Can you believe we've never read "Petunia"?? We do enjoy Duvoisin though! Thanks for the chance!
- April 20, 2010 at 10:07 AM
- Laura Ottina said...
I love Duvoisin! This would be a great addition to my children's books collection...
- April 20, 2010 at 11:09 AM
- Ali said...
We love checking this treasure out from the library. It would be fun to own...
- April 20, 2010 at 4:49 PM
- Angelica said...
Petunia is a classic. Thanks for the opportunity!
- April 21, 2010 at 10:49 AM
Gosh...this would be a fantabulous win!
- April 21, 2010 at 12:35 PM
- Unknown said...
Would love this book for my little bookworm Katie (who also loves to chase the geese at our local park)
- April 21, 2010 at 5:08 PM
- ChristyJan said...
Please enter me ~ this looks like such a cute book!
- April 22, 2010 at 8:52 AM
- Susana said...
I didn't know this one either (what a sad childhood I had! Good thing I didn't know it!), so I went and read your review. It sounds wonderful. Thanks so much for the chance.
- April 22, 2010 at 9:49 AM
- WhyNot? said...
Hi - just found your website when looking for the book "Tell me some more..." One of the best things about becoming pregnant was realizing I could read all my favorite books to my child (due date 4/28/10, so wish me luck! :)), and Petunia is one of my favorite books! My mom still jokes that I hoard more books than I read, though I think that's unfair ;) You have such a great site - thanks for keeping it up!
- April 23, 2010 at 6:05 PM
- Tracysweetangl said...
Loved this book when I was a kid. Thanks for the chance.
- April 23, 2010 at 8:47 PM
- daysease said...
Cute, and we don't have it!!
- April 24, 2010 at 3:43 AM
- Misty said...
im sure my daugther would love this book.
mommy2skie at yahoo dot com - April 24, 2010 at 7:50 AM
- Julie said...
Oh Petunia! What a cutie! I'd love to win and read it to my daughter -- her third birthday is fast approaching!
juliebumboolie(at)yahoo(dot)ca - April 24, 2010 at 7:43 PM
- Cissy said...
I've never heard of this one, but the cover got me!
- April 24, 2010 at 10:11 PM
- Domestic Diva said...
Lovely! Thanks for the chance.
- April 25, 2010 at 1:25 PM
- JAC said...
We haven't heard of this one, but my daughter loves ducks! Thanks for the chance.
- April 25, 2010 at 7:25 PM
- Paton said...
Looks like a fun book. It would be a nice one help start my newborn's library. - April 25, 2010 at 8:19 PM


text:
Humans appear to have a reasonable amount of diversity in their sexual orientations, in what is often referred to as "gender" and in adult behavior generally. When convenient, people will point to "genes" as the "cause" of any particular subset of th is diversity (or all of it). When convenient, people will point to "culture" as the "cause" of … whatever. The "real" story is more complicated, less clear, and very interesting. And, starting now, I promise to stop using so many "scare" quotes.
Prior to birth there are a number of factors than can influence things like gender or sexuality in a human. You have probably heard of the finger-index (not the index-finger … actually called the 2D:4D ratio). The ratio of length of two of your fingers seems to be associated with certain trends; Men with a certain ratio tend to be more athletic or more gay, for instance. The mechanism for the finger ratio variation is probably straight forward but has not been nailed down yet. Likely, a surge of steroid hormones enhances growth rate of whatever bones are forming at that time (I simplify somewhat) and if such a surge occurs at a certain time, a slight shift in bone length ratio affecting fingers occurs and because of the timing, a slight change in something else also occurs, something having to do with what will eventually be adult behavior.1 I am not arguing here for the strength of this association or its meaning, but available evidence shows that there is something going on. To the extent that this particular relationship is true, we see an adult outcome (related to gender, sexuality, or other behavior) being the result of something that is biological and prenatal, but not likely genetic. While the overall pattern of the hormonal environment of a fetus may be broadly determined by genes, variations in the details are just as likely determined by other things. In many contexts, one steroid hormone looks a lot like another, or can convert into another as they float around in the blood supply, so any large surge of steroids could act like sex hormones or growth hormones even if they are merely stress hormones, and there is an exchange of hormones between the mother's blood supply and that of the fetus. Since the mother's hormonal environment is heavily influenced by her environment (especially stress hormones), the ultimate cause of steroid hormone-mediated developmental variations in a human is very likely to be strongly environmental, if not entirely environmental, even though it all happens before birth.
Then there is the stuff that happens after birth. One study carried out in Australia seems to show that adults in a specific culture (Australian middle class) treated infants very differently depending on their knowledge of the infant's sex.2 For instance, a boy would be moved around more, tossed about a bit, handed boy-specific toys, and so on, while a girl would be held more calmly, not tossed about, hugged more, and handed girl-specific toys. In that study, the "sex" of the infant (boy vs. girl) was "known" to the adult on the basis of obvious clothing choices and pronoun use, and in fact, the infant was always a boy. After months of treatment as one sex or the other, depending on what that treatment consisted of, one could potentially get a gendered difference. Movement, touch, voice, etc. all form part of the environment in which the infant's neural system, including the infant's brain, develops. This would make a difference.
And so it goes throughout development; At numerous stages along the way, a human is affected by hormones, bathed in gendered behavior, and eventually, starts to observe her or his own environment and act accordingly. One study seemed to show that at about Kindergarten age, boys were more conscious of how they would fit into a group than girls, paying special attention to what other boys were doing before making certain choices. If this was a general pattern in a particular group of people, one might see girls engage in a wider range of available stereotypes while boys restricted themselves to a narrower range.
While it is possible that there is some hidden Jungian subconscious difference between nominal boys and girls resulting in different thematic tropes in their behavior (i.e., girls like circles and boys like lines or some such thing), the degree to which kids past a certain age … say six or so … gravitate towards gender specific toys or other objects, or engage in gender specific behaviors, is way too finely tuned to be the product of anything other than high cognitive function. While we know that across cultures, different colors are associated with different genders, within a culture most boys and girls know what the boy vs. girl colors are and to varying degrees express this knowledge as strong preferences, perhaps with boys expressing a narrower range of preferences than girls. Most likely, culturally specific gender preferences for things like toys and clothing are learned early, become deeply ingrained, are unlikely to be genetically determined at any level of detail (if at all) but may be attended to by boys more than girls.
There are many factors that would determine a person's gender over a lifetime. The above mentioned inter-uterine hormonal conditioning is probably fairly complex, with multiple moments in time when one or another thing might happen, and where one version of the developmental scenario would lead towards one gender orientation than another. After birth, more of the same but less hormonal and more cultural, and later on, with puberty, the hormones kicking in again, but with a twist: Early conditioning may determine the nature of later hormonal activity by setting up differences in receptor sites or sensitivity, or other aspects of hormone feedback systems.
In speaking of humans it is easy to assume that other animals, who lack the complex and often costly (and therefore presumably 'important' in some way) trappings of prolonged development and culture have simpler systems for determining gender. For the most part, I would argue that rodents do in fact have simpler systems of gender than do humans, with the caveat that I've just compared an entire order of mammals (and a rather speciose and diverse one at that) with a single species. But what would you make of a gender-shaping system in rodents that was actually very complex, in which 'culture' was the main determinant of adult male-ness?
In rats, males get to be males in large part because they have testes that secrete testosterone, which in turn causes other changes. But according to at least one study, the degree to which testes will secrete testosterone is determined by anogentital licking behavior of the mother. This behavior is, in turn, brought on by some sort of cue produced by the newborn male. Without this licking, the testes do not produce much testosterone and andorgenization of the rat does not take place.3
OK, so I was exaggerating slightly when I said that rat "culture" determines adult gender, but prior to hearing this you probably assumed that there was a gene or set of genes that simply coded for which sex the rat would be when it grew up. And yes, you can get some interesting results when the mother rat is replaced with a lab tech and various different variations of the licking thing are tried out. (Using tiny wet paintbrushes.)
And I could go on. But I want to make two points about development and behavior, especially gender. One is that whatever genetic component is working, most aspects of adult behavior and orientation are shaped by non-genetic factors and those genetic factors that may exist come in the form of basic species-specific (but almost certainly gender-differentiated) "drives." I've discussed the importance of drives here, and if you want to read a whole book about the link between drives and everything you do in your life check out Mean Genes: From Sex to Money to Food: Taming Our Primal InstinctsSelf-Help Books)
The second point is that as something complex (and both personal and social) as gender orientation emerges in a person it must be true that it comes to whatever point it comes to after a series of many turning points. If every single factor is thought of as a simple binary choice (and I use the word "choice" with no reference to human decision making) between two cannalized options, then the number of possible outcomes could be thought of as 2n where 'n' is the number of times a binary choice is encountered. So, if there are, say, three hormonal moments in utero, and one more after birth (puberty) and, say, three life stages that have major influences on gender (and I oversimplify) then the number of possible routes a person may take from conception to adulthood would be 27. That is 128. If these different paths lead to mostly different outcomes, wouldn't there be over 100 "genders" among humans?
The interesting thing about this is that a cursory examination of potential human gender diversity from a purely biological point of view suggests that there are at least dozens of "genders" but the vast majority of cultures define (or even allow) only a few. Perhaps culture, in this case, is more restrictive than biology. Which, to a behavioral biologist, is not much of a shock, though it might be if considered from a broader social science perspective.
So, the next time you are in charge of making a form to collect personal information from people, when you are designing the "gender" question, you might consider something other than a couple of checkboxes. Perhaps a drop-down list. Or, best of all, just have people write a short essay. Make 'em think, that will.
1Be careful with this idea: While I'm sure there are several aspects of 2D:4D research that are valid and interesting, it is often somewhat over-reported. Also, the numbers are tricky. The measurement is often done on fleshed and living fingers, but should really be done on the bones directly (using X-ray technology, not sacrificing the subject and defleshing them!). And the meaning of this trait is somewhat open to interpretation. I'd be comfortable sorting out males from females in a skeletal population with good preservation of hands but no pelvic remains, but more reluctant to use this for sorting out ethnic groups, gender orientations, or assertiveness levels. For a recent review see Bailey and Hurd, 2005. Finger length ratio (2D:4D) correlates with physical aggression in men but not in women. Biological Psychology. Volume 68, Issue 3, March 2005, Pages 215-222.)
2The specific research to which I refer was shown on a documentary about sex differences; For an exemplar published study on this work see Frisch 1977. Sex Stereotypes and Adult-Infant Play. Society for Research in Child Development. Vol. 48, No. 4 (Dec., 1977), pp. 1671-1675
3See this study and references therein: Moore and Morelli, 1979. Mother rats interact differently with male amd female offspring. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, Vol 93(4), Aug 1979, 677-684. doi: 10.1037/h0077599.
Moore, C., & Morelli, G. (1979). Mother rats interact differently with male amd female offspring. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 93 (4), 677-684 DOI: 10.1037/h0077599


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Thursday, April 17, 2014
Happy Easter - Show and Tell Friday
24 comments:
- Karen said...
Thanks for hosting Cindy, have a wonderful Easter. Your Easter decor is so pretty. Love those chocolate bunnies.
- April 17, 2014 6:03 PM
- The Charm of Home said...
I love your chocolate bunnies Cindy. Have a Happy Easter!
Sherry - April 17, 2014 6:38 PM
- Unknown said...
prettiest party on web! thanks for hosting!
- April 17, 2014 6:52 PM
I am still loving those faux choco bunnies! Thank you for a great party!
- April 17, 2014 7:37 PM
- Unknown said...
Hi Cindy - I so love your pretend chocolate Easter bunnies. I saw some at Tuesday morning a couple of years ago but I didn't buy them. This year I put a real chocolate bunny in a plant on my table and it was cute until the sun hit it! Haha! Thanks for hosting and Happy Easter.
Patti - April 17, 2014 8:33 PM
- SwedishCorner ~ DownUnder...Pernilla said...
Happy Easter, Cindy ...thanks for the weekly party :) Love your 'choc' bunnies - so cute! Easter hugs from Australia♥ ~Pernilla
- April 17, 2014 9:27 PM
Thank you so much for the party, Cindy… have a blessed Easter.
- April 17, 2014 9:39 PM
- Mary@mydogsmygardenandmary said...
Thanks for the party Cindy. Love the chocolate bunny's they look so well on the table.
Have a wonderful Easter.
Mary - April 17, 2014 9:54 PM
- The Kim Six Fix said...
Thanks for hosting cindy!
- April 17, 2014 9:58 PM
- Lori @ Dining Delight said...
I like the décor on your tiered tray espec the little pot napkin rings with eggs! Thanks for hosting and Happy Easter!
DD - April 17, 2014 11:12 PM
- Theresa @ Shoestring Elegance said...
Happy Easter,Cindy!! Everything looks so Beautiful! Thanks for hosting the party.
~Theresa@Shoestring Elegance - April 18, 2014 12:29 AM
- Home Chic Club said...
Thanks for hosting Cindy! Have a Happy Easter!
Vesna - April 18, 2014 12:33 AM
- Nancy's Notes said...
What a sweet and fun party, thank you for hosting!
Happy and blessed Easter to you and yours~
Nancy - April 18, 2014 4:10 AM
- Katherines Corner said...
Such a lovely display! thank you for hosting. Happy Easter ♥
- April 18, 2014 5:48 AM
- Vanessa Greenway said...
Hi Cindy! Thanks for hosting this lovely party! Happy Easter to you! Love ~ Vanessa
- April 18, 2014 5:55 AM
- Poppy said...
Thanks so much for hosting, and Happy Easter to you!
Poppy - April 18, 2014 6:12 AM
- Mindie Hilton said...
Thank you for hosting!
- April 18, 2014 7:05 AM
- Curtains in My Tree said...
I am so behind !!! on getting my bunnies out for show & tell
Happy Easter to you and family and Beau and I forgot your daughters little dogs name
Hi to your Dad also - April 18, 2014 7:51 AM
Thanks for hosting! I've shared my cooked mayonnaise recipe that easy and free of most allergens. I also shared my sweet and health breakfast treat—Sweet Potato French Toast Custard. It's great for kids that don't like eggs.
- April 18, 2014 8:01 AM
- Abby said...
Thanks for hosting! Great party...always! Have a happy Easter!!
- April 18, 2014 8:59 AM
- Gina @ VictorianWannaBe said...
Hi Cindy,
What a pretty display piece, love it with all of those eggs!
Thanks so much for hosting and have a wonderful Easter!
Gina - April 18, 2014 4:41 PM
- Louisette said...
Wonderfull, happy Easter
- April 19, 2014 6:00 AM
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- April 20, 2014 7:19 AM
- Unknown said...
These look really nice, make sure the heating doesn't melt the chocolate as this is what Nicholas did.
- January 27, 2016 1:17 AM


text:
Nada Homsi
Tensions that had been building for months in Lebanon erupted in violence Thursday in Beirut. Several people were killed at a protest being held by Hezbollah supporters.
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After 72 hours of searching the wreckage of a collapsed building in the Lebanese capital, the Chilean rescue team leading the operation has said they were unable to find a survivor in the rubble.


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And so it goes. The eighth season of The Real Housewives of Orange County ended just last month, but there's already some drama brewing over the yet-to-be-announced ninth season. Sources confirm to Us Weekly that Gretchen Rossi and Alexis Bellino — who joined the Bravo series in season four and season five, respectively — have not been asked to return. (E! was first to report their exits.)
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In July, they took their fight to Twitter. "She was my friend for 2 1/2 years & NEVER told me [she had an issue] til it was the cool thing to do," Bellino tweeted of Rossi.
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The Fullness of Time
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This information is brought to you by Evgie Wall Decals. All opinions are my own. Blogger is not responsible for fulfilling the prize.
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text:
» Summary | » License |
Retrieve and return information of database result sets | LGPL |
» Current Release | » Bug Summary |
0.7.2 (beta) was released on 2009-01-04 by doconnor (Changelog) Easy InstallNot sure? Get more info. pear install DB_Pager Pyrus InstallTry PEAR2's installer, Pyrus. php pyrus.phar install pear/DB_Pager 0.7 (stable) was released on 2002-05-12 (Changelog) |
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» Description | |
This class handles all the stuff needed for displaying paginated results from a database query of Pear DB. including fetching only the needed rows and giving extensive information for helping build an HTML or GTK query result display. |
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