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American forces had returned to the Philippines, and the Japanese Navy was about to make its last, desperate attempt to stave off defeat. Suddenly, by miscalculation, nothing stood between its most powerful task force and the American beachhead at Leyte Gulf but a small group of U.S. escort carriers. Could little Taffy 3 hold off Admiral Kurita's gigantic battleships?
December 1966
Wednesday, October 25, 1944 —a gloomy overcast punctuated by rain squalls gave the predawn sky a dirty yellow-gray hue. Six small United States carriers and seven escort ships moved through the somber seas east of the Philippine island of Samar. From the gently swaying flight decks of the carriers, white-starred planes took oil on routine early-morning missions.
On the bridge of the flagship, U.S.S. Fanshaw Bay , Rear Admiral Clifton A. F. Sprague watched the Grumman aircraft rise into the northeasterly wind toward the broken ceiling of clouds. The day had all the earmarks of being another long, tiresome succession of reconnaissance, antisubmarine, and ground-support missions. Sprague, a forty-eight-year-old veteran, scanned his little Meet, called Tatty 3(its radio call sign). Merchant-ship hulls turned into baby Hattops to meet wartime needs, the thin-skinned escort carriers—designated CVE's—were not even half the size of conventional aircraft carriers. Old hands claimed the CVE stood for "Combustible, Vulnerable, Expendable." Three destroyer« and four destroyer escorts ringed the flotilla of CVE's like watchful guard dogs. Somewhere to the soutli. Sprague knew, two other carrier groups, Taffies 1 and 2, were on similar missions in support of the American G.I.'s who had gone ashore at Leyte Gulf five days earlier. Together the three TafRes made up Estoit Carrier Task Group 77.4 of the United States Seventh Fleet.
The first warning of a break in the morning routine came shortly after six thirty as the ships' crews sat clown to breakfast. Radio equipment in the Fanshaw Bay's Combat Information Center picked up Japanese voices. Since the nearest enemy ships were supposedly over a hundred miles away, the American radiomen reasoned that the enemy chatter must be coming from one of the nearby Japanese-held islands. With the exception of the beachhead on Leyte and a few islands in the adjacent gulf, all of the Philippine archipelago was in Japanese hands.
Eleven minutes later, n message Hashed in from an American scout plane. The unbelievable words were hurriedly relayed to the bridge: "Enemy surface force … twenty miles northwest of your task group and closing at go knots.
Admiral Sprague, at this moment, was trying to make sense of two other odd reports. His lookouts had just seen antiaircraft fire on the northern horixon, and his radar had picked up an unidentified something in the same direction. Surely, Sprague was thinking, the cause of all the unexpected commotion must be Admiral William Halsey's Third Fleet, the closest large naval unit to Tally 3. The pilot's message stopped him short.
"Check that identification!" ordered Sprague, hoping with a growing feeling—of doubt thai some innotent mistake had been made by the scout plane. But confirmation came from another source—a lookout on one of Sprague's other carriers, the Kitkitu Buy. Scanning the hori/on beneath the gradually clearing cumulus cloud canopy, the seaman could make out pagoclalike masts: Japanese battleships and cruisers.
Admiral Sprague's voice boomed into the squawk box: "Come to course 090 degrees … launch all planes as soon as possible … speed 16."
The little carriers swung due east, far enough into the wind to launch aircraft without bringing them closer to the enemy. Planes were soon soaring into the damp sky armed with whatever bombs and bullets they had when the alarm sounded. Gun crews settled expectantly behind the breeches of the carriers' 5-inch guns—the biggest they had.
At 11:58 A.M. , bright flashes lit the hori/on seventeen miles north of the flotilla. Sixty seconds later, Japanese range-marker shells rattled into the sea to throw lowering geysers of colored water into the air behind the American carriers. The Rattle off Samar had begun.
The Battle oft Samar was a direct result of Japanese Higli Command plans. As the American 1'orces advanced relentlessly across the Southern Pacific: during the final months of World War II, four Sho (Conquer) plans were devised to blunt U.S. thrusts against the F.mphe's inner defenses. At best, these were little more than delaying tac ties which might postpone the end of the war and give Japan a belter bargaining position at the peace table. Sho No. i was designed to counter any United States move against the Philippine Islands, and by the fall of 1944, with the Americans moving northwestward, it appeared that the time for putting it into ell'ect had arrived.
In mid-October the Imperial Japanese Navy began to move. Powerful naval forces steamed eastward from the Lingga Archipelago near Singapore, and southward from the home islands. On October 18, while the Japanese fleets were still at sea, the word flashed (Vom Combined Fleet commander Admiral Soeniu Toyoda in Tokyo: "Execute Sho Plan No. 1!" American landings had begun in Lcyte Cull, in the eastcentral Philippines.
Two U.S. fleets were covering the invasion beaches—the Third Fleet, under Admiral William F. Halsey, composed mainly of fast new battleships and big carriers; and the Seventh Fleet, commanded by Vice Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid. made up mostly of pre-Pearl Harbor battlewagons and cruisers. The Third Fleet was acting the role of roving watchdog, while the Seventh was directly overseeing the landing of Sixth Army G.I.'s on Leyte Island.
Sho Plan No. 1 was to be a three-pronged maneuver supported by land-based aircraft. A Northern Force under Vice Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa would steam southward from Japan and attempt to decoy away the protecting American Third Fleet. This Japanese force was made up of four regular carriers, two converted battleship-carriers, and smaller screening vessels. The battleship-carriers—the Ise and the Hyuga —were merely old battleships with their two main aft turrets replaced by small flight decks. Designed to compensate for Japan's shortage of aircraft carriers, the hybrid ships would never have a chance to prove themselves. There were not enough airplanes available in the fall of 1944 to give the Ise and the Hyuga even one of the twenty-four each was supposed to carry; and Ozawa's other carriers were decidedly short of planes, too.
The second prong of Sho No. 1 was to swing in against the Americans in Ley te Gulf from the southwest, through Surigao Strait. The melange of battleships, cruisers, and destroyers in this Southern Force—seventeen ships in all—were commanded by Vice Admirals Kiyohide Shima and Shoji Nishimura.
The third prong, the Center Force, was the most potent of the Nipponese units, and was to deliver the knockout blow. Sailing from Lingga Roads during the early morning hours of October 18, it would stop at North Borneo for refueling and final preparations. Then, following a devious patli through the Sibuyan Sea and San Bernardino Strait north of Leyte, it would swing around and enter Leyte Gulf through "the back door"—from the east. In this key Center Force, under Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita, were the world's two largest warships, the Yamato and the Musashi . Each displaced 68,000 tons and carried i8.i-inch guns, as compared to 45,000 tons and 16-inch guns for the largest U.S. warship. Also in this formidable fleet were the battleships Haruna , Kongo , and Nagato , twelve cruisers, and fifteen destroyers.
Once inside Leyte Gulf, Shima's and Nishimura's Southern Force and Kurita's Center Force were to pool their firepower to disrupt the American invasion. Whatever lay in the gulf or blocked its approaches, warships and cargo vessels alike, was to be wiped out. The importance of Ozawa's Northern Force as a decoy to draw oft the powerful U.S. Third Fleet was emphasized by the marked Japanese inferiority in aircraft and by the totaf number of Meet units involved—64 Nipponese vessels against a 16 American and 2 Australian warships.
In undertaking Sho Plan No. 1, the Japanese were placed in the unenviable position of the frantic poker player who, reduced to a lew chips after a losing streak, plays his hand all or nothing. Admiral Kurita said to his officers before the battle: "I know many of you are strongly opposed to this assignment. But the war situation is far more critical than any of you can possibly know. Would it not be a shame to have the fleet remain intact while our nation perishes? … You must all remember there are such things as miracles. What man can say there is no chance for our fleet to turn the title of war in a decisive battle?"
First blow in the Battle for Leyte Gulf was struck by the U.S. submarine Darter against the Center Force as Kurita's ships steamed northeast along Palawan, the daggerlike island jutting southwest from the middle of the Philippine archipelago. The sub's torpedoes slammed into two of the enemy cruisers just as the first light of October 23 was streaking the eastern sky. The force flagship, the heavy cruiser Atago , shuddered and sank in less than twenty minutes, sending Admiral Kurita and his staff for an unscheduled swim before they were rescued by a destroyer. The cruiser Takao , also hit, belched fire and smoke. The task force swung to starboard into the path of a second U.S. submarine. Torpedoes from the Dace scrubbed the cruiser Maya from the scene in four minutes. Kurita, shifting his command post to the huge Yamato , was badly shaken up. The enemy hadn't even been sighted, and already five valuable warships (counting two destroyers detached to escort the damaged Takao to Borneo) were eliminated from the battle to come.
The sun shone down from clear skies on whitecapped water and mountainous islands as the Center-Force moved into the Sibuyan Sea northwest of Leyte on Tuesday, October 24. Within twenty-four hours, if all went well, Kurita's ships would be steaming into Leyte Gulf from the east. But their bad luck had not left them yet. Their antiaircraft batteries, nervously anticipating American air strikes, cut loose at a flight of fighter planes soon after dawn. It was a mistake, and a costly one for the Center Force. The planes were landbased Japanese Zeros ordered to provide air cover for Kurita. Faced with heavy antiaircraft fire from the very warships they were to protect, the fighters understandably returned to their island base.
Then, at 8:10 that morning, an American scout plane sighted the Japanese armada. Two hours and sixteen minutes later, single-engined bombers and fighters from the carriers of Admiral Halsey's Third Fleet pounced on the Center Force. Dodging the pink and purple bursts of antiaircraft fire, American Helldivers and Avengers pressed one attack after another against the wildly weaving ships. At the cost of eighteen dive bombers and torpedo planes, they sank the gargantuan Musashi , badly damaged a heavy cruiser, and slightly hurt the other battleships. Kurita wavered—lie actually had his fleet reverse course for several hours—but in the end he rallied and carried on toward San Bernardino Strait.
Admiral Halsey was very much pleased by his carrier pilots' reports of their successes over the Sibnyan Sea. Unfortunately, these reports were somewhat exaggerated, and led him to the optimistic conclusion that Kurita's Center Force "could no longer be considered a serious menace." Meanwhile Admiral O/awa's decoy Northern Force had been cruising the waters of the Philippine Sea off Luzon, hoping to be spotted by Halsey's search planes. About 4 P.M. on October 24, one of the searchers made the contact, and by 8:30 that evening the whole U.S. Third Fleet was off in enthusiastic pursuit of the Japanese bait—sixty-five warships against seventeen.
It was a questionable action, and led to one of the hottest controversies about naval tactics in World War II. Halsey had enough ships and planes to handle both Ozawa and Kurita; but as it was, nobody was left to guard the exit of the San Bernardino Strait. Through that exit Kurita's still very menacing force was steadily plowing in order to turn southward off the eastern coast of Samar and come in to Leyte Gulf on October 25—its role in Sho No. 1.
Steaming at twenty knots through the narrow strait between Luzon and Samar islands, Kurita's Center Force debouched into the Philippine Sea at thirty-five minutes past midnight. In addition to the battleships Yamato , Haruna , Kongo , and Nagato , there were the heavy cruisers Chikuma , Chokai , Haguro , Kumano , Suzuya , and Tone , the smaller-gunned light cruisers Noshiro and Yahagi , and eleven destroyers.
Prepared to have to fight their way through to Leyte Gulf, the Japanese sailors were pleasantly' surprised when dawn revealed nothing on the southern horizon but open water. Well beyond that horizon, below Leyte Gulf, Admiral Kinkaid's Seventh Fleet had turned southward to encounter the Japanese Southern Force under Admirals Shima and Nishimura in a triumphant fight, later to be known as the Battle of Surigao Strait. Nothing but the three light Taffy forces now stood between the U.S. invasion troops on Leyte and possible disaster. Of the three, only Taffy 3 lay directly in Kurita's path as his Center Force swept south.
This was the astonishing situation when, just after dawn on October 25, Admiral Kurita's twenty-three warships, three hours north of Leyte Gulf, ran into Admiral Clifton Sprague's small group—the 10,000-ton black-and-gray camouflaged escort carriers Fanshaw Bay, St. Lo, White Plains, Kalinin Bay, Kitkun Bay , and Gambier Bay ; the 2,050-ton destroyers Heermann, Hoel , and Johnston ; and the 1,275-ton destroyer escorts Dennis, John C. Butler, Raymond , and Samuel B. Roberts .
Kurita, thinking he must have stumbled onto Halsey's Third Fleet, abruptly ordered his ships into pursuit formation. Since the Center Force had been in the process of switching over from its tight night formation to a dispersed daytime deployment, the new order spread confusion through the Japanese fleet. The result was a fierce but surprisingly unco-ordinated attack on the American ships.
At 6:58 A.M. , a salvo of j.aoo-pound shells, each some fifty per cent heavier than the largest U.S. warship projectile, spun out of the Yamato's huge gun barrels. It was the first time the superbattleship had fired its 18.1-inch batteries at another ship. The Haruna's 14-inch guns joined in three minutes later.
At 7:01 A.M. Admiral Sprague ordered the transmission of an urgent plea for help. The request was immediately picked up, and planes from Taffies i and 2 were ordered to the assistance of Taffy 3. Glancing away from the enemy, Sprague noted with pride that his little fleet was following orders with the precision of a well-trained team. Straddled by the red, yellow, blue, and green splashes of marker shells, Taffy 3 was laying heavy smoke screens, the white clouds pouring from chemical generators contrasting sharply with the oily black smoke from the ships' funnels.
Launching her planes as rapidly as possible, the White Plains trembled violently as the mere concussion of the big enemy shells caused minor damage. Water spray from a shellburst that threw a geyser high above the carrier rained over the ship's bridge. One plane preparing to take off from the flight deck was bounced forward by the concussion of explosions pummelling the sea. Its spinning propeller bit a chunk out of the wing of another fighter. The St. Lo , ebony clouds pouring from her four small exhaust stacks, was also buffeted by the Japanese barrage.
Although the enemy ships had closed to within fifteen miles of their prey, they were still beyond the range of the puny U.S. 5-inch guns. If only he could keep his ships swinging in a wide circle around to the southwest without being overtaken or cut off, Sprague thought, he could hope to lead the Japanese fleet into the guns of the now-alerted battleships of the Seventh Fleet. Then, even though Kinkaid's ships were not in top shape for battle after their heavy night action in Surigao Strait against the Japanese Southern Force, the Americans would have some chance of stopping the enemy.
Deployed in a formation of two concentric circles—the six carriers forming the inner circle—the U.S. flotilla was rapidly being overtaken by the speedier enemy ships. Then, at 7:06 A.M. , Taffy 3 dipped its nose into a welcome rain squall. Hindered by ineffective radar, enemy fire fell off in volume and accuracy. During the fifteen-minute respite afforded by the rain, Sprague made a decision. He would order a torpedo attack by his destroyers.
In the meantime, the first desperate strikes by the U.S. carrier planes had been made on the pursuing enemy. Dropping the small bombs and depth charges with which they had been loaded in expectation of routine missions, the Navy planes harassed the Japanese ships for twenty minutes. Bombs soon gone, they strafed with machine-gun fire. And even when their ammunition was exhausted, the pilots continued to buzz the enemy, hoping to bluff the Nipponese ships off course and give Taffy 3 a chance to escape. Only when their fuel ran low did they leave. Unable to land on their own carriers because the ships were heading downwind, the Taffy 3 planes were forced to rearm and refuel at an airstrip on the Leyte beachhead to the west, and on the flattops of Taffy 2 to the southeast. Joined by other Wildcat fighters and Avenger torpedo bombers from Taffy 2, they soon returned to the attack.
First blood for the airmen was drawn when a bomb pierced the deck of the heavy cruiser Suzuya . Shuddering under the detonation, the i4,ooo-ton warship slowed to twenty knots and fell behind the Japanese formation. The bold American planes, delaying the pursuers by forcing them into time-consuming evasive maneuvers, also inflicted minor damage on a few of the other Japanese ships.
The two-funnelled Johnston , which had already opened fire with her five 5-inch guns, was the first destroyer to respond to Sprague's order for a torpedo attack. As the helmsman swung the wheel hard to port, the outgunned Johnston sliced bravely through the gray sea at twenty-five knots toward the Japanese heavy cruiser Kumano . At 9,000 yards the destroyer heeled steeply over, her ten torpedoes splashing into the sea. One of the missiles reached the sleek cruiser, blowing off its bow in a thunderous eruption of flame, smoke, and debris. Its blunted nose dipping deep into the low swells, the limping Kumano dropped astern and joined its damaged sister ship Suzuya . The battle was already over for the two badly hit cruisers.
Then luck ran out for the plucky Johnston . As she turned about, three 14-inch and three 6-inch shells slammed into her thin hull. "Like a puppy being smacked by a truck," as one of her officers put it, the ship dipped into the boiling sea and bobbed back up, her steering gear severely damaged, and many men dead and wounded both above and below decks. Commander Ernest E. Evans, who had a very short time to live, emerged from the salvo with half of his clothes blown off and minus two fingers of his left hand.
The destroyers Heerman and Hoel swept past the stricken ship toward the enemy. Although smoking and slowed to sixteen or seventeen knots, the Johnston swung awkwardly in behind the other destroyers to support them with her guns. Further back, the slower destroyer escorts formed a second attack wave. It was the story of David and Goliath in a terrifying modern context.
With guns banging and torpedoes knifing toward the Japanese ships, the Heermann and the Hoel won much-needed time for the fleeing escort carriers. But while the Heermann received reparable damage as she darted nimbly in and out of the Japanese salvos, the Hoel was less fortunate.
The first hit smashed high on the Hoel's forward superstructure, sending hot pieces of steel whistling through her radar antennas and falling on her decks. Seeking out her target through blotting rain and clouds of black and white smoke, the destroyer dashed to within 9,000 yards of the giant Kongo and released a spread of five torpedoes. Not sixty seconds later, one of the battleship's 14-inch projectiles screeched into the Hoel's side behind the funnels. Detonating in the after engine room, it hammered one of the ship's two engines into junk. A second i4-incher plowed into the ship's tail, knocking out guns, damaging the electric steering gear, and bouncing men limply off bulkheads.
Steaming on one engine and maneuvering on emergency steering apparatus, with three of her 5-inch cannons out of commission, the Hoel made another run on the enemy. The target this time was the heavy cruiser Haguro . The destroyer's five remaining torpedoes swooshed from their tubes. Then, as one of her officers later stated, the Hoel tried to "get the hell out of there." But this was easier said than done.
Barely able to keep ahead of the onrushing enemy, much less get out of the line of fire, the Hoel absorbed over forty hits as she fought back with her two remaining guns. The big battleships passing to port and the heavy cruisers steaming by to starboard deluged the quivering destroyer with heavy shells. Flames erupted from the Hoel's aft section, explosions shredded her superstructure, and an inferno raged inside her hull. And still the dying ship's remaining guns fired stubbornly at the thundering enemy. Then, punched full of holes, the ship finally gave up the uneven struggle. She was dead in the water, her stern almost submerged and her forward magazine ablaze, when the "abandon ship" order was given. Only a handful of the warship's crew was able to respond. At 8:55 A.M. , an hour and a half after she was first hit, the Hoel rolled over and sank to the bottom of the Philippine Sea. Of her crew of more than 300, 253 went down with her. Fifteen of her wounded later died.
The first torpedo run was over. Despite the destruction of the Hoel , the skipper of the shell-peppered Heermann calmly radioed a modest report to Admiral Sprague: "Exercise completed."
At a quarter of eight, meanwhile, the destroyer escorts had sailed in under the cover of rain and smoke. Intended primarily for antisubmarine patrols, the lightweight escorts were no match for some of the world's most powerful ships. Yet, running to within 4,000 yards of the enemy with their 5-inch guns blazing, the American escorts managed to throw the Japanese off stride.
Dashing ahead of the pack, the little Roberts traded blows with the enemy heavies for forty-five minutes before she was hit. At 8:51, a heavy shell thumped into the water alongside the veering ship and plowed into her side, opening a hole below the waterline. One hit followed another, turning her into a shambles. That the heroic escort managed to go on fighting for three-quarters of an hour is an amazing tribute to her captain and crew. Answering the 14- and 8-inch shells of the Japanese cruisers with her inadequate 5-inchers, the Roberts was raked at point-blank range.
At approximately 9 A.M. , minutes after the Hoel went down, two or three 14-inch shells from the Kongo slammed into the Roberts' port side. Like some gigantic can opener, the monstrous explosion tore a jagged hole over thirty feet long and seven to ten feet high in the escort's hull. The area aft of the tossing ship's funnel became what one survivor called an "inert mass of battered metal."
One gun crew, courageously ignoring flame and smoke, continued firing its weapon by hand after the ammunition hoist went out of action. Suddenly, one of the charges ignited in the hot breech before the 5-inch gun could be fired. Demolishing the cannon, the blast sent the gun crew tumbling in all directions like so many rag dolls. The first man to enter the gun mount after the shattering detonation found the gun captain, his body blown open, holding a cannon shell in his scorched hands. He was begging for help to get the fifty-four-pound projectile into the cannon. Minutes later, he was dead.
In all, the Roberts —the runt that fought like a champion—fired 608 shells from its 5-inch guns before the end came. She had inflicted serious damage on an enemy cruiser and had incurred almost two dozen Japanese hits. Five minutes after ten that morning, the second of the "little boys" went down off Samar. Killed in the action were 3 of her 8 officers and 86 of her 170 men.
Their torpedoes expended, the surviving escort ships fought their way back to cover the carriers. To the manmade maelstrom nature added her own effects, giving the scene an eerie quality. One moment the sun's rays would clearly illuminate the opposing forces. A few seconds later, the whole tableau would be obscured by a curtain of rain or drifting smoke. And between the clouds and the sea was the incessant lightning and thunder of gunfire. Narrowly avoiding collisions as they zigzagged to escape the enemy shells, Admiral Sprague's flotilla churned southward.
The Japanese pursuit had by now assumed a rough pattern. In an attempt to box in the carriers, which could barely reach eighteen knots, the swift Nipponese heavy cruisers raced across the wakes of the Americans to close in from the east at almost thirty knots. The Japanese destroyers and light cruisers, kept to the rear until now, pushed down along the starboard side of the baby flattops. And, at a greater distance, the Nagato and the huge Yamato were doing their best to aim straight down the back of the U.S. formation. In the meantime, the battleships Haruna and Kongo swung wide to outcruise the cruisers to the east.
For almost two and a half hours—between 6:58 and approximately 9:20—the little American carriers were under constant fire from Kurita's Center Force. Only the Yamato and the Nagato , badgered by the U.S. destroyers into performing wild, evasive maneuvers that ultimately steered them out of range, were denied the honor of remaining in the slugfest. Admiral Kurita, aboard the Yamato , was thus out of touch with the action, a development that was to produce unhappy consequences for the Japanese.
As the battle unfolded, Admiral Sprague saw that the greatest immediate danger to his group were the four enemy heavy cruisers Chikuma , Chokai , Haguro , and Tone . Closer than the other Japanese ships, they were rapidly moving in from the northeast—their Sinch shells striking into, and in many cases through, the thin-hulled carriers. Sprague told his planes and ships to concentrate on them.
Although smoke screens and maneuvering threw Japanese marksmanship off, Admiral Sprague's flagship, the Fanshaw Bay , received four direct hits and two near misses which killed three of her crew and wounded others. The White Plains , the Kitkun Bay, and the St. Lo got off lightly; but the Kalinin Bay took more than a dozen heavy projectiles, miraculously remaining afloat.
Shrewd guesswork and clever steering by her skipper saved the Gambier Bay , steaming on the exposed left rear corner of the U.S. formation, for a full twenty-five minutes. Then, at 8:10 A.M. , a shell from a Japanese cruiser hit the aft end of the carrier's flight deck. Fire broke out in the ship's hangar as the projectile sheared through the upper deck. More heavy-caliber shots slashed in. A gaping hole was torn in the Gambier Bay 's forward port engine room, flooding it with cascading water. Less than half an hour after first being struck, the escort carrier slowed to eleven knots and dropped back. The heavy cruisers Chikuma , Chokai , and Haguro , the light cruiser Noshiro, and a Nipponese destroyer poured salvo after salvo into the blazing carrier's hull. Steering and power aboard the Gambier Bay were shot out, the after engine room was flooded, and men cursed and died at their posts. Efforts by the destroyers Johnston and Heermann to draw attention away from the dying CVE failed.
By 8:45 A.M. , the carrier was entirely without headway and was settling. Five minutes later, the 750 living of the Gambier Bay 's 854-man crew began going over the side. Still the enemy shells came, killing some men in the water. Seven minutes after 9 A.M. , their ship turned turtle and sank. Fighting the suction of the plunging io,ooo-ton flattop, the survivors struggled to keep afloat until help came. It would come—almost forty hours later.
Meanwhile Taffy 3 aircraft pounced like hawks on the enemy cruisers. Bomb bursts erupted on the ships as the Japanese paid for their lack of air power. The Chokai , mortally wounded by the sea-and-air blows it received, turned away. Moments later, struck by a torpedo dropped by one of the American bombers, the Chikuma also pulled out of the battle. But the Haguro and the Tone , the remaining enemy heavy cruisers on the port side of the American formation, pressed closer.
Pounding in behind the cruisers for the kill, the closest of the Japanese battleships—the Haruna —suddenly veered to the southeast. The big ship's observers could see, about twenty miles away, the northernmost ships of Admiral Felix B. Stump's Taffy 2. With the Imperial Navy's penchant for dividing its forces, the Haruna swung her heavy two-gun turrets toward the new target. Although the ag.soo-ton leviathan lobbed 14-inch shells at the Taffy 2 ships for almost half an hour, it failed to score a hit.
Nipponese destroyers were now also closing in on Taffy 3. Led by the light cruiser Yahagi , four of them streaked in from the west for a torpedo attack on the crippled Johnston . Her decks littered with wreckage tinted by blood and the dye of enemy marker shells, the Johnston challenged the Japanese attack with her two operational guns. Trading blows with five undamaged ships, the limping destroyer scored a number of hits on the 6,000-ton Yahagi . A U.S. plane joined the fray with chattering 5o-caliber machine guns. Twenty minutes after starting their attack, the enemy ships released their torpedoes and turned about. But the Japanese had been tricked into releasing their missiles prematurely. Losing their aim and speed because of the extreme range, the torpedoes failed to score.
Now the cruisers Haguro and Tone swept by on the opposite side of the Johnston . The American destroyer rolled under the rain of shells for another thirty minutes. Fires raged through the beaten ship, cremating the wounded and dead huddled in the wreckage, trapping the living in the steel coffin of her hull. Her ammunition blew up in a series of blasts, adding to the carnage. Her engines gone, her communication system obliterated, the wallowing destroyer still barked pugnaciously at the enemy with her remaining cannon. Then, at 9:45 A.M. , Commander Evans ordered the surviving crewmen off the doomed ship.
Like Indians in a western movie, the Japanese destroyers steamed around the settling Johnston in a circle until the riddled vessel turned over and sank at 10:10 A.M.
The survivors in the water watched their blazing ship disappear. One of them reported that as it went down a Japanese destroyer captain saluted. Most, swimming or clinging to life rafts and debris, were numbed and shocked. One moment they had been going about their daily routine; the next they were racing to their battle stations. And then, after hours of brain-pounding battle that demanded automatic response, they had been cast into a tropical sea shadowed by the haze of gunsmoke and burning ships. There was now only the slapping of waves and the gasping of hoarse voices. A torpedoman, with a casualness produced by shock, remarked to a fellow survivor that they'd gotten off all torpedoes.
In a sea alive with activity, the fate of the Johnston 's crew was to be a harsh one. Only 141 of her crew of 327 would be saved—49 were killed during the action, 45 died of their wounds after abandoning ship, and 92 (including Commander Evans) perished while awaiting rescue. Sharks got at least one man; the others succumbed to exposure.
As the battle raged, the ultimate weaknesses of the Japanese attack finally made themselves felt. Hampered by a combination of rain squalls, smoke screens, stubborn American resistance, poor communications, lack of co-ordination, and, above all, the lack of air strength, the enemy attack fell apart. The Yamato and the Nagato had let themselves wander off; the Haruna was in pursuit of Taffy 2.
Expecting at any moment to be swimming for his life, Clifton Sprague had been grimly sizing up the situation as the enemy salvos boomed into the midst of Taffy 3. His ships had arced into their southwesterly course as ordered. Ahead and a bit to the right he could make out the dark outline of Samar some thirty miles away. Then, at 9:25, as he concentrated on evading the torpedoes launched minutes before by the Yahagi and her destroyers, the skipper of Taffy 3 was treated to the sweetest words he could ever hope to hear.
"Goddamit, boys, they're getting awayl" called out a signalman on the bridge of the Fanshaw Bay .
Unable to keep in touch with his fleet because of bad radio communication, Admiral Kurita had launched the Yamato 's two reconnaissance planes less than an hour apart to survey the situation. Both were shot down some fifteen minutes after they were catapulted from the stern of the battleship. Unaware that his ships were finally closing in on their prey—with victory off Samar still possible—the confused Japanese admiral had decided to regroup his fleet before a fuel shortage and the relentless American air attacks put it out of action. At 9:11 A.M. Kurita had ordered all his units to take a northerly course.
Despite the blows dealt to Kurita's ships, there was precious little to keep his fleet from blasting its way through Taffy 3 to Leyte Gulf. Far to the north, off Cape Engaño, too distant to do any good, Halsey's Third Fleet was only now reluctantly giving up its chase of Ozawa's Northern Force and turning about in answer to urgent messages from Admiral Kinkaid and Pacific Fleet Headquarters at Pearl Harbor. To the south, Kinkaid's Seventh Fleet was on the other side of Leyte Gulf. Its ships, low on fuel and ammunition, were still busy with mopping up what remained of the Japanese southern thrust.
Yet it takes no great stretch of the imagination to understand the indecision and uncertainty that marked Takeo Kurita's actions at this point in the battle. He had been forced to swim for his life when the Atago was sunk on the twenty-third. The Center Force had been under repeated air assault since it first entered the Sibuyan Sea. He had received no news of Ozawa's success in decoying Halsey, and was still under the impression that Taffy 3 was part of the U.S. Third Fleet. Discouraged by reports of the Surigao Strait action, he felt his ships were alone. Fatigued, his nerves strained, Kurita decided to disregard the order that called for his charging into Leyte Gulf. Instead, as a face-saving gesture, the Center Force would shift to a new target.
Earlier in the day, an American task force had been reported in the Philippine Sea to the northeast. Kurita would attack it. Several hours spent in search of the phantom U.S. force proved fruitless. Assisted in his decision by the nagging persuasion of U.S. Navy planes that continued to peck at his ships, the Center Force commander finally called off the hunt and ordered his fleet to head back where it came from.
Suffering the final indignity of being mistakenly attacked by two Japanese land-based aircraft, the Center Force slipped westward through San Bernardino Strait a few hours later. Fast warships from Halsey's Third Fleet reached the strait soon afterward, too late to catch Kurita but in time to bag one lagging Japanese destroyer.
But despite Kurita's departure, the ordeal of Taffy 3 was not quite over.
At 10:50 A.M. , soon after Admiral Sprague ordered Taffy 3's pilots to return to their carriers, five Japanese planes had roared in just over the wave-tops. Soaring upward, they climbed a mile above the carriers and suddenly dived down. The Divine Wind—the newly organized Kamikaze suicide corps—was about to wreak its vengeance on Taffy 3.
A single-engined Zero fighter crashed on the port side of the Kitkun Bay and bounced into the sea. Its bomb, however, exploded and damaged the carrier. Tensely watching from the Fanshaw Bay , Clifton Sprague saw the ship's 40- and ao-millimeter anti-aircraft fire chew apart two of the diving suicide planes. They fell into the ocean. The White Plains sent streams of tracer bullets into the remaining Kamikazes. One of the enemy exploded a few yards behind the flattop, injuring eleven Americans and spraying the deck with debris and pieces of the pilot. The other plane, its engine sputtering, swerved toward the St. Lo. With a grinding of metal and a shower of sparks, the Zero tore into the carrier. A ball of fire sent clouds of smoke boiling heavenward. One explosion followed the other as bombs and torpedoes stored inside the St. Lo were set off. Torn apart and burning from stem to stern, the little ship that had survived the Yamato 's great shells sank in less than twenty minutes. She was the first major victim of the Divine Wind. Of her more than 800 men, 754 were saved by Taffy 3.
There was more to come. At 11:10 A.M. Admiral Sprague's little fleet was attacked by enemy torpedo planes. Two were immediately shot down by U.S. interceptors near the Kitkun Bay . A third exploded almost on top of the carrier and showered the ship with flaming aircraft parts. The Kalinin Bay was severely damaged by planes making suicide runs. One smashed into her flight deck, the other caught her on the starboard side in the after exhaust pipe. Only the Fanshaw Bay escaped unscathed.
By 11:30 A.M. the attacks had ended. Admiral Sprague's battered flotilla headed into Leyte Gulf for a much-needed rest. In an over-all battle where American naval forces far outnumbered the Japanese, Taffy 3 had been overwhelmed by almost 2-to-i odds and immeasurably greater fire power—yet Clifton Sprague and his men had made a fighting retreat and convinced Admiral Kurita that he was engaged with a full-fledged fleet.
Having dispatched the surviving Taffy 3 escort ships to pick up crewmen of the stricken Sf. Lo, Admiral Sprague asked Seventh Fleet Headquarters to handle the rescue of the survivors of the Gambier Bay , Johnston , Roberts , and Hoel . Unfortunately, poor co-ordination, a sudden flurry of Japanese suicide plane attacks, and erroneous position reports radioed in by aircraft delayed these rescue operations for almost two days.
Finally, at 10:29 on tne light of October 26, a seven-ship detail personally ordered out by Admiral Kinkaid obtained results. Guided by flares fired high above the rough black sea, the vessels under Lieutenant Commander J. A. Baxter picked up more than 700 survivors from the Gambier Bay . Suffering from exposure, hunger, and fatigue, the carrier survivors had clung to life rafts for some thirty-nine hours and drifted almost to the coast of Samar before being sighted. Many had drowned. With the coming of dawn, survivors from the Johnston , Roberts , and Hoel were found.
The last raft, containing fifteen men from the Johnston, was spotted at 9:30 A.M. on the twenty-seventh—forty-eight hours after the sinking of the destroyer. By early the following morning, the 1,150 survivors of the Taffy 3 ships sunk by the Center Force had been transferred from Baxter's seven vessels to hospital ships and transports in Leyte Gulf.
The over-all Battle for Leyte Gulf, spread across a total area twice the size of Texas, was the greatest sea fight in history. Every element of naval warfare, from submarine to aircraft, was involved. And when it was over, the Imperial Japanese Navy had ceased to exist as a fighting unit. The United States and her allies had undisputed control of the Pacific Ocean.
Between October 23 and 26, Japan's Sho Plan No. 1 cost her three battleships, four carriers, ten cruisers, and almost a dozen other fighting ships. Scores of aircraft and some 10,000 Japanese seamen were also lost by the Empire. The U.S. losses added up to 2,800 lives, about two hundred aircraft, and six warships. Taffy 3, bearing the brunt of the punishment, had lost the escort carriers Gambier Bay and St. Lo , the destroyers Johnston and Hoel , the destroyer escort Samuel B. Roberts , 128 planes, and 1,583 men killed and missing.
"In no engagement of its entire history," Samuel Eliot Morison has written, "has the United States Navy shown more gallantry, guts and gumption than in those two morning hours between 0730 and 0930 off Samar."
Rear Admiral Clifton Sprague had his own observation on the battle: "The failure of the enemy … to completely wipe out all vessels of this task unit can be attributed to our successful smoke screen, our torpedo counterattack, continuous harassment of enemy by bomb, torpedo and strafing air attacks, timely maneuvers, and the definite partiality of Almighty God."


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Mumbai (Maharashtra) [India], September 22: "My karma is akin to an Usher in a Cinema Hall who guides the viewer to watch and enjoy entertainment," Girish Wankhede humbly describes his work. Girish has been conferred with more than 50 awards for his valuable contribution to the Entertainment industry. At an event concluded earlier this month, he was felicitated and awarded the Cotton City Excellence Kala Gaurav Award at the third edition of Cotton City International Film Festival 2021 at Holiday Inn, Mumbai.
Girish Wankhede has been in the entertainment industry for almost two decades, managing cinema, multiplexes, exhibition, distribution, and marketing. During this period, his valuable contribution to the Entertainment industry and excelling in the craft has made him an inspiration to many others.
With the theatrical cinema business almost at a standstill, Wankhede was one of the earliest experts to predict the upsurge of OTT Platforms. Being in the exhibition, marketing and distribution of films, with his astute understanding of cinema, incisive research and balanced analysis, he began reviewing the films on the OTT medium. He soon discovered that a layperson is now more confused about which film to watch, and with several OTT platforms hitting the market, it became more complex for the viewer.
Hence, Girish Wankhede launched his own YouTube Channel, beginning with reviewing films on the OTT and following it with a weekly programme segment named WOR – Wankhede OTT Recommendations. He watches films on all the platforms and then selects six titles, categorising them as Good, Better and Best. His channel now has an archive of over 52 titles, with each of them picking up the best six titles of that particular week.
In addition, there are 2 to 3 major REVIEWS of films/web series every week by Girish Wankhede and then a weekly SPOT ON section that has the three best movies/series on the OTT Platforms genre specific.
One of the four shows he has on the YouTube channel is a monthly Educational and informational Knowledge Series that analyse fundamental aspects of why certain films are selected for National and International Awards and covers issues regarding the film industry.
Among notable awards conferred to Wankhede are the Mid-day Icon award, Tassel Youth Icon award and appreciation certificate by late Maharashtra Dy Chief Minister R R Patil for his contribution towards the Marathi film industry for holding Marathi film Festival in Multiplexes for five years. He has been named OTT expert by the media with his quotes in almost all top dailies and publications like Forbes, Dainik Bhaskar, Times of India, Mid-day, among others, regarding his views on OTT upsurge and periodic assessment of the Bollywood industry.
What makes his review stand apart is the knowledge he imparts with it. For instance, if one picks up a review of a Malayalam film on women empowerment, he makes a mention of other outstanding films on women empowerment in foreign languages, Hindi films on the same subject and then a brief yet incisive profile of the director, cast and the subject of that particular film.
Girish Wankhede's reviews are more of education, information, enlightenment, offering in-depth analysis of actors and cast and crew of any particular film. Several publications, one being the trade journal Complete Cinema, regularly carry his weekly column Wankhede OTT Recommendations.


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Quality process has also known deep changes. The company not only designs new products: it constantly upgrades existing ones, taking into account user commentaries. We take care of the overall design of products, from internal components to finishing. A complete revision of products is done when a new production starts.
As a recognition of this strategy of research and technological development, this company has received support from the Ministry of Industry, Energy and Tourism. The European Union recognizes companys contribution to the sector.


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Eazr, Mumbai-based Fintech Raises Seed Funding Round
Health Now, Education Now and Pay Later
Mumbai-based fintech startup, Eazr, has raised an undisclosed amount of investment in its seed funding round from Mohit Chheda and Credent Investments Private Limited. The company's CEO, Sarabjeet Singh, is leading Eazr with a data-first approach, providing instant credit and loans to consumers in the health, education and essentials market in India, with a strong focus on responsible lending. The funds raised in the ongoing seed round will be instrumental in driving the company's launch and expansion plans.
Credit where it's needed the most
The Indian fintech industry has seen tremendous growth over the past few years, with the COVID-19 pandemic accelerating the shift towards digital payments and transactions. However, many consumers, particularly those in the healthcare and education sectors, are still unable to access affordable credit. Eazr aims to bridge this gap by offering a flexible payment option that can help these consumers access the services they need without breaking the bank.
We are extremely pleased to have Mohit Chheda and Credent Investments Private Limited onboard as investors." said Sarabjeet Singh, CEO of Eazr. "Their investment is a testament to our mission of providing affordable and accessible credit to the underserved consumers in India, starting with the Health and Education Markets."
Health Now, Education Now and Pay Later
The company's focus on Health Now, Education Now, and Pay Later highlights its commitment to empowering individuals to pursue their educational and wellness goals without financial barriers. The deferred payment option provides consumers with the flexibility to manage their expenses better and ensure access to essential services.
Commenting on the investment, Mohit Chheda said, "We are excited to be part of Eazr's journey and its vision to provide easy and accessible credit options to consumers in India." Credent Investments Private Limited added that they believe Eazr has the potential to become a leader in the Indian fintech space.
AI-enabled Credit Scoring System
Using AI and machine learning credit scoring systems, Eazr can quickly and accurately assess the creditworthiness of consumers making it easier for them to access credit when they need it most.
All set to debut
With the aim of providing consumers with a "health now, education now, and pay later" option, Eazr is set to launch later this year, backed by cutting-edge artificial intelligence and machine learning credit scoring systems enabling Eazr to provide instant credit to the consumers.
Data-first approach
With its data-driven approach, the startup can provide credit to those who need it most, while minimizing the risk of default. As the Indian economy continues to recover from the impact of the pandemic, Eazr's services will be essential in ensuring that healthcare, education, and daily essentials remain accessible to all. With the support of experienced investors and a strong leadership team, Eazr is set to become a major player in the Indian fintech landscape.


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The Sentinel
What motivates people to put their hands in their pockets and pull out their hard-earned cash must appeal to their innermost desires. And what someone wants, what he truly desires is who he is.
Commited To Being Uncommited
Think, for a moment, of all those car ads filmed in the desert. Theres no one for fifty miles in any direction. Climb behind the wheel and you can go wherever you want, whenever you want. You can be whatever you want. Think of all those ads for away-from-it-all vacations (whatever the dreaded "it" might be). They all express the same ideal: the commitment to being uncommitted, the freedom to do what I want when I want, and to change what I want from one moment to the next.
Everywhere Else
Society pays lip service to the ideals of commitment, stability, and fidelity. Advertising, however, gives the lie to that sanctimony and reveals that societys real aspiration is to be free to "go with the flow."
Unfortunately, modern secular man finds his flow severely restricted. At every turn, he is encumbered by commitments: a home, a wife, children, a mortgage, a second mortgage, a second wife. What he would really like to do is to take off and travel the world with a credit card and unlimited credit to follow any, or all, of a myriad of possibilities. The fact that he tolerates responsibility doesnt mean that he has accepted a specific form and purpose to his life. Hed really like to be somewhere else, anywhere else, everywhere else.
From where does this ideology of irresponsibility come? Is this desire for constant change a new phenomenon, or does it have its roots in something much more ancient?
Inconstant As Water
Everything in this world is a combination of matter and form.
By definition, matter has no form. It has an infinite number of latent forms, of different shapes. Matter, ungarbed by form, has unlimited potential uses. In a world that is all matter, everything is still possible. Nothing is fixed. You can "go with the flow." In fact, the epitome of matter is water. Water always takes the form of its container. Itself, it has no shape, no form. For that reason the Hebrew word for water mayim is a plural noun. There is nothing singular about the shape of water. It has an infinite number of shapes.
Water, in the "shape" of the Nile, was the idolatry of the Egyptians. For if ever there was a society that epitomized unbridled matter it was Egypt. Egypt was an entire society dedicated to the pursuit of infinite variety and potential. By definition, such a society is incapable of, and scorns, marital fidelity. Egypt was Shlomo HaMelechs aishet zanunim the unfaithful wife the antithesis of the aishet chayil. Egypt was the faithless spouse constantly seeking a new partner, a new form. She is as inconstant as water. She wants to go with the flow.
Standing opposed in every way to this culture is the Jewish home. The Jewish home represents the ultimate triumph of form shaping matter, of making it unique and unchangeably loyal. The aishet chayil is the woman of valor because of she lovingly and willingly accepts the form that her husband creates.
The Missing Cornerstone
The cornerstone of our belief in G-ds constant involvement and guidance of the world is the Exodus from Egypt. One of the ways that we internalize this belief throughout the generations is by fixing a mezuza to our doorposts.
In the two paragraphs of the Torah that constitute the mezuza, however, you will find not one word about the Exodus. Not one.
If the job of the mezuza is to implant in us a steadfast faith in the miracles of Egypt, shouldnt the Exodus be mentioned in it at least once?
Making The Leap
When the Jewish People were about to leave Egypt, G-d commanded them to place the blood of the Pesach offering on their doorposts and lintels. The word Pesach comes from the root "to skip over" or "to leap." As the Torah teaches, G-d (so to speak) "leaped over," or "passed over" the entrances of the Jewish homes in Egypt.
The Exodus from Egypt was not merely a physical exodus. It was no less than a leap from one world to another a leap from a world of matter to a world of form. And ironically, and inevitably, this leap has to take place while the Jewish People are immobilized in their homes: "And you may not leave your house until morning" The metamorphosis from matter to form which is the essence of the Exodus takes place specifically when they have to stay in the place that is the essence of form, the Jewish home.
The Sentinel
What is left of the blood of the Pesach offering on our doorways in Egypt is the mezuza. The mezuza is the Pesach the leap that is in essence the Exodus from Egypt. The mezuza does not speak about the Exodus for it is the Exodus itself. The mezuza marks the border between "the street" and the home. The street says, "You can go here. You can go there. All things are possible. Nothing is fixed. You can go with the flow." The mezuza stands like a sentinel at the threshold, and states unequivocally that there is no connection between the street and the home. Silently, it proclaims that they are two non-contiguous, irreconcilable entities.
Saying Enough
On the outside of every mezuza are inscribed the letters Shin Dalet andYud . These letters spell one of G-ds names: Sha-dai . Unroll the mezuza, and in that self-same place where that name appears, but on the reverse side, is written another of G-ds names, the ineffable name of four letters Yud and Heh and Vav and Heh.
The name Sha-dai means "the One who said to the world Enough! " When G-d created the world, He did it in such a way that the Creation would have been continuous and unceasing. It would have gone on and on forever, expanding, becoming more and more and more. However, the Infinite Wisdom decreed that the Creation should be contained, limited. G-d said "Dai Enough!" Creation should go this far and no further.
Why are these two Names of G-d juxtaposed on the two sides of the mezuza?
Reach For The Sky
According to Jewish Law, the reshut ha-rabim, the public domain, ascends vertically only to approximately three feet above the ground. Horizontally, it can extend everywhere, all over the world, but it never ascends. The street is trapped within the confines of this world. The rehsut ha-yachid, the private domain, on the other hand, has no upper limit. In the home, the sky is the limit. That is where the ineffable Name, Yud and Heh and Vav and Heh is revealed. It is in the home that a person can ascend heavenward. However, our ascent upwards is proportionate to our limitation outwards. That is why Sha-dai is on the outside of the mezuza, while on the inside is Yud and Heh and Vav and Heh, the Name that has no restrictions.
The mezuza tells us that if we say Dai! Enough! to the street, if we make a strong demarcation between all that the street stands for and the sanctity of the home, then inside, G-ds ineffable name, the name of Yud and Heh and Vav and Heh, can illuminate our homes and our lives.
a leap of faith
in the small box
at the gateway
sits the sentry
unfailing in his vigilance
he will ask you questions
that you cannot answer, like
how big is space?
how large is a place?
how can you get here
from there
with just a leap of faith?


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At R&B Electric, Inc., we have spent years connecting local businesses with commercial rewiring service and customized solutions to complex electrical issues of virtually every type. From your initial consultation, to an exceptional finished result, we put your best interests first, making sure your investment is safe from top to bottom. Each of our hand-picked commercial electrical contractors is licensed, bonded, insured and certified up to date in all industry and safety training. The depth of our experience has seen us partnered with organizations like:
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Local companies spanning a variety of industries have relied on our electrical wiring system expertise for a number of years—and so can you. Ignoring problems with the conduits that make it possible for electricity to power your business is dangerous and can result in costly repairs, potential for loss of life, fires, electrocution, and many other undesirable and unexpected surprises.
Call us now to book an appointment to meet in person for a free assessment of your wires or re-wiring plans. We'll put together a comprehensive quote and work schedule that will help to minimize expenses and downtime.


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Parables Guide
8 Group Sessions on the book of Acts. There is only 1 version of the guide (the leader notes are in the back).
If you would like to look inside the guide click on the gold icon above click here.
To have the optimal group experience, we recommend for each person to have a copy of the guide. There are spiritual assessments and group forms in the back of the book.
If you are a leader who likes to see prepare for your group session from a "five thousand foot view", the Session Outlines (Sermon Starters for pastors) show each session, the points made and the scripture references.
Also available are Watch Now Videos. If you have purchased the DVD but would like to begin preparing for your study, you can purchase the Watch Now - Session #1 Video at checkout.


text: Email Notifications By creating an account you'll be able to receive regular email  updates on new units at Millennium. You can start receiving updates for this building by filling out the information below.  Want emailed notifications when new listings hit the market? Just fill in your info below and we will do the rest! - Millennium Name First Last PhoneEmail* CommentsWhat type of condo are you interested in?Studio1 Bedroom2 BedroomPenthouseI'm looking for a rentalOtherCAPTCHA Δ


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That's right, I want you to eat your way to glowy AF skin. Get stuck into orange foods like sweet potato, carrots, papaya, salmon and eggs. The orange pigments in these foods, called "carotenoids" are disease fighting compounds. Translation: magic skin. Don't worry, you won't turn into an Oompa Loompa, but you will be just as eye catching.
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This is the Valencia filter in a bottle. Smoosh this on your cheeks and they will light up, just like your notifications. You will be hashtagging #nofilter on all of your selfies. Tell the world, scream it babe. Bonus: it takes the same amount of time to use this as it does to pick a filter. 5 minutes to glowing skin.
Sweet Cheeks Kit.
Imagine three of me working on you at once, then imagine your best skin yet. My kit is both of those things. My Creamy Face Cleanser will leave your skin clean, but not tight; my Creamy Face Scrub will buff away dead skin cells to reveal peachy cheeks; and my Everyday Face Moisturiser will seal the deal with dewy, hydrated skin. The results: a fresh, filter-free face.
My makeup guru-babes have let me in on a little secret that will leave you looking like a radiant angel 24/7. Cue: highlighter. Apply it to your cheekbones, down your nose and on your eyebrow bone. All you need is a halo and you're set. #letsbefrank you're an angel in my eyes, regardless.
Fool them all, sweets. When your best babes ask 'What filter are you using?' you can respond 'Haven't you heard of it? It's called au-natural."
#letsbefrank no filter is the new filter.
x frank


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Michael Ray is Ready to Tell His Story in New Music: 'Most Excited I've Ever Been'
Michael Ray is hard at work on his next album, and the process is making him "the most excited I've ever been about putting a record out, ever," he says.
On the red carpet before the BMI Awards on Tuesday (Nov. 8), Ray spoke to Taste of Country about the inspiration behind the project, and why the album-making process has hit closer to home than any of his projects to date.
"[I've been] able to really dive into some stuff I feel like people have been waiting for me to put our for a few years," the singer says. The new project will take cues from some of the older material that he explored on his Bootlegger Sessions EP.
Ray doesn't mention the specifics of what fans want to hear him sing about — his publicist says he's invigorated by a new life he's started in Georgia, and "being able to gather again" — but it's easy to speculate that new songs might touch on his highly public 2020 divorce from Carly Pearce. In her 29: Written in Stone album cycle, Pearce wrote openly about her experience of their breakup, documenting the tear-stained early days of "Messy" and offering a final, clear-eyed and composed retrospective in "What He Didn't Do" — the latter of which is her current single. In between, she spelled out some of the specifics of her heartbreak, singing about "The year I got married and divorced" in the title track, "29."
Could Ray be ready to offer his side of the story?
"Well, I think there's some things that need to be said," he goes on to say. "Things have been one-sided for too long. So, there's some things that need to be talked about. I'm over it. They're over it. So let's do it."
Over the course of his past couple projects — especially in the Bootlegger Sessions — Ray has cemented his love for '90s country, and he says those influences are only deepening in his new material.
"You're gonna hear a lot of [Lynyrd] Skynyrd, a lot of traditional country music mixed with '90s country music. We just took a lot of eras that I was influenced by and put them together."
Plus, Ray hopes his next batch of music will include a duet that will come as a pretty big curveball.
"We're working on one right now — so, it'll be a big one," he teases. "No one's expecting it. And it's 90 percent there. If it happens, no one's gonna see it coming."
50 Essential '90s Country Songs:


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The BB Rated Corporate Bond ETF fund, symbol HYBB, is an exchange traded fund (ETF) within the iShares family. There aren't any other funds that we track with a return profile that is extremely similar to HYBB.
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Before & After Care
The Northville Public Schools Early Childhood Education and Extended Day curriculum is child-originated. Our licensed and accredited programs exist to meet the real needs of children, provide them the freedom to enjoy childhood and put their physical, emotional and intellectual well being first. Our programs include:
- Preschool Classes - School Day (Before & After Care offered)
- Preschool Classes - Half Day
- Parent Child Classes
- Elementary Before and After Care - Kids' Club
We recognize and respect each individual's learning style, thought process, and unique developmental level.
For more information, please visit the Early Childhood Education and Extended Day Programs website.


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sugardaddylist.org sugar babies for sugar daddies
Use of this web page is completely at your own discreation and risk. The nature of the content on this website is only the general information and none of the information is a legal opinion or otherwise amounts to any legal advice. Readers and Subscribers should seek proper advice from an expert before acting on the information mentioned herein.User is requested to use his or her judgment and exchange of any such information shall be solely at the user's risk.
Arun Associates does not take any responsibility for the actions taken, and is not accountable for any decision taken by the reader on the basis of information/commitment provided in this website.
By clicking on 'ENTER' below,the visitor acknowledges that the information provided in the website
(a) does not amount to advertising or solicitation and
(b) is meant only for his/her understanding about our activities and who we are.


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Are you looking for in Mumbai ? Then you have arrived at right page becouse can use Mumbai Yellow Pages Online to easily find
Showing 1 - 100 of 100 Results found for the search
Our Technical Team will review the Offer and upon approval will be Send to the Companies you have Selected.
Our Technical Team will review the Information and will Rectify the Error as Soon as Possible.
Your Reply is Sent to the Buyer.
Your Reply is Sent to the Seller.


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Returns permissions that a caller has on the specified resource. If the resource does not exist, this will return an empty set of permissions, not a NOT_FOUND
Note: This operation is designed to be used for building permission-aware UIs and command-line tools, not for authorization checking. This operation may "fail open" without warning.
HTTP request
POST https://{service-endpoint}/v1/{resource}:testIamPermissions
Where {service-endpoint}
is one of the supported service endpoints.
Path parameters
Parameters | |
resource |
REQUIRED: The resource for which the policy detail is being requested. See Resource names for the appropriate value for this field. |
Query parameters
Parameters | |
permissions[] |
The set of permissions to check for the |
Request body
The request body must be empty.
Response body
If successful, the response body contains an instance of TestIamPermissionsResponse
Authorization scopes
Requires the following OAuth scope:
For more information, see the Authentication Overview.


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Loopy just got some social skills
Still got some love for Loopy! I've just released [Version 1.6](http://loopyapp.com/download-hd/), which (uh, finally!) adds support for the iOS share sheet, bringing support for Facebook sharing, AirDrop, Messages, Mail, Dropbox, and opening in any compatible app.
Should make it a bit easier to get your creations out of Loopy and into the world.
Now back to working on Masterpiece Edition. Will have some stuff to show off soon.
Read More


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Vegan - Vegetarian Recipe Book
How Mary and Frank and Friends Eat
"We are dedicated to cruelty free living through a vegetarian -
vegan lifestyle."
"Let no animal die that we may live!"
| Home Page | Recipes Table of Contents |
Collard Greens, Kale and Beans (Tex-Mex Style)
- Great by itself or in a tortilla -
1 lb. Collard Greens,
chopped, fresh or frozen
1 lb. Kale, chopped, fresh or frozen
2 cups Onions, diced
2 tbsp. Garlic, crushed
3 Chipotle Peppers, dried, finely chopped
1 - 28 oz. can Tomatoes, crushed
1 - 15 oz. can Black Beans, drained
1 - 15 oz. can Kidney Beans, drained
1 - 15 oz. can Pinto Beans, drained
2 tbsp. Cumin, ground
2 tbsp. Chili Powder
1 tbsp. Basil, sweet, dried
Hot Pepper Sauce (optional) to taste
3/4 cup Cornmeal
(To enlarge the photo of the collard greens, kale and
beans, click on the photo or link)
We prepare the collard greens, kale and beans in a large covered microwaveable ceramic baking dish, and cook in our microwave oven. This recipe can also be cooked in a conventional oven at 350 degrees F.
Begin by peeling and dicing the onion and place in the baking dish. Peel and crush the garlic and add to the baking dish. If you like hot and spicy food, add the hot red pepper sauce and mix well. Cover and cook on high heat in the microwave oven until the onions begin to get translucent. Remove from the oven.
While the onions and garlic are cooking, wash and chop the collard greens and kale, if fresh. When the onions are cooked, add the collard greens and kale to the baking dish and cook again until the collard greens and kale wilt. Remove from the oven.
Add all the other ingredients, except the corn meal, and mix well. Place the covered baking dish back into the microwave oven and cook for another 30 minutes, mixing every 10 minutes to ensure uniform cooking. After the 30 minutes, the ingredients should be lightly boiling. If not, continue cooking until they are boiling. Remove from oven.
The ingredients will be quite loose at this time. Sprinkle in 1/4 cup of the corn meal at a time and mix well each time. The ingredients should begin to thicken. Place back into the microwave oven and cook for another 15 minutes, mixing every 5 minutes.
Remove from the oven and serve as is or in a tortilla as pictured to the left.
The above recipe is in keeping with God's creation intent (Genesis 1:29-31): 'Then God said, "I give you every seed-bearing plant on the face of the whole earth and every tree that has fruit with seed in it. They will be yours for food. And to all the beasts of the earth and all the birds of the air and all the creatures that move on the ground-- everything that has the breath of life in it-- I give every green plant for food." And it was so. God saw all that he had made, and it was very good.' (NIV) Let no animal suffer or die that we may live! (d-15)
| Appetizers |
Beverages | Breads and Rolls
| Breakfast | Desserts
| Fruit Smoothies |
| Main Dishes (Entrees) |
Pizza |
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| Ingredients Description and
Photos |
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| Links |
If we REALLY want God to bless America and the earth, GO VEGAN!
| Home Page | Animal Issues | Archive | Art and Photos | Articles | Bible | Books | Church and Religion | Discussions | Health | Humor | Letters | Links | Poetry and Stories | Quotations | Recipes | What's New? |
Thank you for visiting all-creatures.org.


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It takes energy to keep the Army National Guard marching on, and that's where you take the lead. As a Food Service Specialist for the Guard, it's your duty to provide the sustenance your fellow Soldiers need to put their best foot forward and protect the nation.
In this role, you will take care of all dietary and nutritional needs of fellow Soldiers, ensuring their ability to face the challenges before them. You'll learn how to plan and prep menus, how to prepare and serve food, and how to ensure food safety and facility sanitation, whether you're feeding 25 Soldiers or 2,500, in the field or in a fixed facility.
Job Duties
• Bake, fry, braise, boil, simmer, steam and sauté as prescribed by Army recipes
• Operate, maintain and clean field kitchen equipment
• Perform preventive maintenance on garrison and field kitchen equipment
Some of the Skills You'll Learn
• Standard and dietetic menus and recipes
• Food and supply ordering
• Storage of meats, poultry and other perishable items
Helpful Skills
• Interest in cooking, home economics, health, mathematics, accounting and chemistry
Through your training, you will develop the skills and experience to enjoy a civilian career in restaurants or organizations that have their own dining facilities. Depending on which specialty you pursue, you'll be able to pursue a career as a cook, chef, meat cutter, butcher, or baker.
Earn While You Learn
Get paid to learn! Join the Army National Guard and you will learn valuable job skills while earning a regular paycheck and qualifying for tuition assistance.
Food Service Specialist job training requires 10 weeks of Basic Training, where you'll learn fundamental Soldiering skills, and nine weeks of Advanced Individual Training (AIT). Part of this time is spent in the classroom and part in the field.
- Paid training
- A monthly paycheck
- Montgomery GI Bill
- Federal and State tuition assistance
- Retirement benefits for part-time service
- Low-cost life insurance (up to $400,000 in coverage)
- 401(k)-type savings plan
- Student Loan Repayment Program (up to $50,000, for existing loans)
- Health care benefits available
- VA home loans
- Bonuses, if applicable
- Most non-prior service candidates will earn between $200 and $250 per drill weekend, subject to change
- Military enlistment in the Army National Guard
- Must be at least a junior in high school, or have a high school diploma or a GED certificate
- Must be between the ages of 17 and 35
- Must be able to pass a physical exam and meet legal and moral standards
- Must meet citizenship requirements (see NATIONALGUARD.com for details)
Requires military enlistment. Programs and benefits are subject to change. Ask your Army National Guard recruiter for the most up-to-date information. Actual MOS assignment may depend on MOS availability.
Other Job Information
Job ID: 7315
ZIP Code: 18407
Job Category: Supply and Logistics
Age Requirements: Must be between the ages of 17 and 35 Cook Chef Sous Line short order restaurant diner cafeteria restaurateur manager executive


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Comfort for a Super Stay
Make a splash in our outdoor pool and enjoy free light breakfast
Start your day off with a free light breakfast item together with your choice of coffee, tea and juice, and connect to free WiFi from the comfort of your room. When the weather allows, enjoy a swim in our seasonal outdoor pool. Our hotel offers free oversized-vehicle parking, guest laundry facilities, and wake-up service. Non-smoking and accessible rooms are available.
While You're Here
Head to nearby casinos or catch the live musical "Oklahoma" at Discoveryland
Take a walk along the River Parks boardwalk or hit the Oklahoma Aquarium or Tulsa Zoo. Explore outside fun at Big Splash Water Park. Try your luck at nearby River Spirit Casino, Osage Million Dollar Elm Casino, or Hard Rock Hotel and Casino. See the musical "Oklahoma" at Discoveryland or learn about jazz musicians at Oklahoma Jazz Hall of Fame.
Featured Rooms & Rates
Plan Your Group Travel With Us
Book your wedding party, sports team, or other group travel at our hotel. Submit your request for information about special rates on blocks of rooms.


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Looking for a specific fundraiser?
Search by event name or individual organizer
Search by event name or individual organizer
or learn more about other
Boston Children's events:
Miles for Miracles
Choose your athletic endeavor—apply for our marathon program, ride in Hub On Wheels, or run a race of your choosing while raising funds for Boston Children's.
Get active »Eversource Walk for Boston Children's Hospital
Join over 5,000 supporters for this inspiring and family centered day each June. This event offers a 2 or 6 mile walk along the Charles River, a cookout, and kid friendly activities.
Walk with us »Yoga Reaches Out
Roll out your mat at this life changing, world changing day filled with inspiring instructors, local vendors, and the healing power of yoga.
Join us »Dance Marathon
Geared toward high schools and colleges, this yearlong, student-led fundraiser culminates in a day of dancing. Fundraising helps kids at your local Children's Miracle Network Hospital—Boston Children's (that's us!).
For the kids »Extra Life
Running a marathon not your thing? Try a gaming marathon. From video games to board games, turn activities you love into a fundraising initiative for patients and families at Boston Children's.
Game with us »Corporate Cup
Rally your company for a day of competition among Boston-based businesses. Bring your A game for this day-long, field day-like event where local corporations face off for Corporate Cup glory.
Compete »Location: Iowa
To Support: Sudden Unexpected Death In Pediatrics (SUDP and SIDS)
Location: Iowa
To Support: Sudden Unexpected Death In Pediatrics (SUDP and SIDS)


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This article is more than 1 year old
Apple is suing HTC
Touchy feely infringement accusation
Apple has filed a lawsuit against Taiwanese manufacturer HTC, citing 20 patent infringements including UI and hardware as well as architectural design.
Apple has filed suit in the US District Court, as well as the US International Trade Commission (ITC): the latter presumably in the hope of blocking HTC from importing patent-infringing electronics into the USA, but the details of the offending patents aren't yet clear.
"We think competition is healthy, but competitors should create their own original technology, not steal ours," says Steve Jobs in the canned statement from Cupertino. The statement goes on to point out that Apple "ignited the personal computer revolution in the 1970s" and "reinvented the personal computer in the 1980s" - just in case anyone had doubts about who was the most innovative company.
HTC has its own user interface, TouchFlo, which is used across its own-brand handsets, but Apple's beef is more likely to be about HTC's role in the production of Google's Nexus One. Earlier this month the Nexus One got a software update which enabled multi-touch, including an implementation of "pinch to zoom" - something much admired on the iPhone and well protected by Apple's patent library.
Quite where HTC is infringing with regard to "underlying architecture" and "hardware" we're not clear. HTC isn't commenting and Apple is mysteriously quiet for us as ever, but once we find out we'll be sure to let you know. ®


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DEAL: Menulog – $5 off $15 Spend at "Delivered By" Restaurants for Pickup or Delivery (4-6pm 8 July 2022)
For a limited time only, Menulog are offering a Daily Voucher for $5 off your order with a $15 Spend at "Delivered By" Restaurants from 4-6pm!
"Delivered By" restaurants are restaurants that use their own delivery staff, and not Menulog couriers. However, the code works for both pickup and delivery when you pay with credit card.
Codes working include:
- BHLE-S65B (4-6pm 8 July 2022)
There's a limit of a single redemption per code. It's not valid with McDonald's, Hungry Jack's or KFC orders. Credit Card or PayPal payments only.
To check whether you have this deal, click the "For You" section in the Menulog app, on the Menulog Offers website or check your email.
To order from Menulog, click here! If you've tried this deal, let us know what you think in the comments!
For more Menulog deals, vouchers and coupons, click here or on one of these links!
Click here for more Menulog news and deals. For more food news, deals and reviews in general, visit our home page or like us on Facebook!
Have any thoughts about this deal? Let us know in the comments.
Credit: Ozbargain


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Welcome to Brighton Ford
We appreciate you taking the time to visit Brighton Ford's online dealership.
As a Ford dealer, Brighton Ford provides you with high-performing Ford vehicles designed to thrill and inspire you.
Located in Elsternwick, Melbourne VIC we are your #1 choice for Ford vehicles.
We have been serving the souther eastern area of Melbourne for many years, our website contains news and information on the popular range of Ford Passenger, SUV and Commercial vehicles.
Visit our virtual showroom to see the latest range of Ford models, browse our Internet Used Car stock, online specials, book a service or purchase Ford Genuine Parts and Accessories from our comprehensive catalogue.


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ATLANTA — A prosecutor in Atlanta will decide whether to open a formal investigation after meeting with a woman who says she has evidence legendary singer James Brown's death was caused by another person, his spokesman said.
Brown, known as the Godfather of Soul, was 73 when he died of heart failure on Christmas Day in 2006 in Atlanta, less than two days after being hospitalized for treatment of pneumonia.
A woman named Jacque Hollander contacted Fulton County District Attorney Paul Howard's office to request a meeting, claiming Brown's death was caused by another person, according to the prosecutor's spokesman, Chris Hopper. Howard met with Hollander on Wednesday and accepted a bin of materials she said related to Brown's death.
Howard will look at the materials Hollander brought and will decide whether to open an investigation, Hopper said.
Comments are no longer available on this story
Send questions/comments to the editors.


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ALL K-12 grade levels represented! Something fun for my teacher friends! I created them on the suggestion of one of my Organized Classroom fans. YAY!
Hopefully they will be pages filled with grade-level specific (or close to it anyway) resources on a daily basis. Enjoy and please pass along to other teachers who might benefit as well. Thanks!
~Charity Preston, Classroom Freebies founder


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Third Reich Forest Minister Hermann Goering was an avid hiker and ecologist who once sent a man to a concentration camp for cutting up a frog for fish bait. In 1933 he and other Nazi Party leaders enacted anti-vivisection laws to stop what he called "unbearable torture and suffering in animal experiments."
Intensely hostile to capitalism, the Nazis controlled all industries and envisioned large-scale wind turbine projects that would generate "huge amounts of cheap energy" and create millions of German jobs.
But as Luftwaffe commander, Goering planned and directed the 1939 terror bombing of Warsaw and the final obliteration of the city's Jewish ghetto. Thousands were slaughtered, and survivors were sent to the Treblinka concentration camp, under "the final solution" that he helped mastermind – to send millions of Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, "mentally deficient burdens" and other "sub-humans" to ovens and mass graves.
About the most charitable thing one can say about Nazi ethics is that they were perversely conflicted and schizophrenic. People clearly occupied a lower niche than animals on their "moral and ethical" hierarchy.
Sadly, the same observations apply to the more rabid elements of modern environmentalism. Ironically, in the name of "keeping fossil fuels in the ground" to "save the planet" from "dangerous manmade climate change" and other imagined calamities, radical greens also demand actions that would ultimately destroy the very habitats and wildlife they claim to love. Their own words underscore their attitudes.
"If we don't overthrow capitalism, we don't have a chance of saving the world ecologically." (Earth First! activist Judy Bari) "Loggers losing their jobs because of spotted owl legislation is no different than people being out of work after the furnaces of Dachau shut down." (Friends of the Earth founder David Brower)
People have become "a cancer … a plague upon ourselves and upon the Earth. Until such time as Homo sapiens should decide to rejoin nature, some of us can only hope for the right virus to come along." (National Park Service scientist David Graber) "In the event that I am reincarnated, I would like to return as a deadly virus, to contribute something to solving overpopulation." (Prince Philip of England)
"Even if animal research produced a cure for AIDS, we'd be against it." (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals president Ingrid Newkirk) "Six million people died in concentration camps, but six billion broiler chickens will die this year in slaughterhouses." (Newkirk again)
Banning DDT in Sri Lanka might well unleash a malaria epidemic, but "so what? People are the cause of all the problems. We have too many of them. We need to get rid of some of them, and this is as good a way as any." Besides, in the United States, DDT substitutes "only kill farm workers, and most of them are Mexicans and Negroes." (Environmental Defense Fund scientist Charles Wurster)
"Giving society cheap, abundant energy would be the equivalent of giving an idiot child a machine gun." (Paul Ehrlich, who in 1968 predicted mass starvation and a collapse of civilization by the 1980s)
"It's much cheaper for everybody in Africa to have electricity where they need it," from little solar panels "on their huts." (Actor Ed Begley, Jr.) People in developing countries "simply cannot expect to have the material lifestyle of the average American." (Friends of the Earth president Brent Blackwelder)
These attitudes, policies and demands prevail today. Radical greens still advance the same irrational, intolerant views about pesticides to control insect-borne diseases; genetically modified crops to feed more people from less acreage with less water; and access to abundant, reliable, affordable energy required to power modern industrialized societies in Africa, Asia and other less developed regions.
The world's poorest families still live unnecessarily squalid, miserable, diseased, malnourished, short lives. Billions still don't even have electricity, clean water, light bulbs or a tiny refrigerator.
It's awful enough that they were born into these places and conditions, and must endure corrupt, kleptocratic dictators. It is intolerable that their hopes and dreams are also stymied by unelected, unaccountable eco-imperialist activists and bureaucrats, who prance, preen and profess their commitment to "marginalized" people – but care about them only if they are "threatened" by capitalism or climate change. Not surprisingly, they brazenly ignore their own callous roles in this injustice.
The world's dark-skinned people remain at the bottom of the environmentalist ethical hierarchy – with millions dying every year from preventable diseases of poverty, perpetuated by callous environmentalists. Developed country loggers, miners, factory workers, ranchers, pensioners and poor minorities are not much higher up; farmers also get short shrift, unless they grow corn, soybeans or canola for biofuels.
The battle over fossil fuels has recently entered other dangerous territory, as "protesters" launch campaigns reminiscent of radicals putting spikes in trees so that sawmill blades would explode and injure workers – while comrades bombed GMO and animal testing labs, meat packing plants and even houses.
Their targets now are oil and natural gas transport systems – as a prelude to more rampant destruction – as Putin aides and cronies assist and finance other groups that are trying to block US energy production.
A new cadre of Earth Liberation Front anarchists has taken to closing the valves on pipelines – sabotage that could result in pipeline ruptures, oil spills, explosions, injuries and deaths. In one case, the "valve turners" called the Keystone pipeline operations center just minutes before closing the valve, causing the valve wheel and ground below the saboteurs' feet to shake. They could have caused a disaster.
If caught, arrested and prosecuted, these extremists invoke the "necessity defense" – asserting that they were compelled to break the law, in order to prevent a greater harm: manmade climate cataclysms.
The eco-terror groups have issued a "Decisive Ecological Warfare" manifesto, urging like-minded criminal elements to commit sabotage against pipelines, transmission lines, oil tankers and refineries. As in the past, the militants want "more moderate" environmental groups to support the "necessity" defense, acts of sabotage, and the use of eco-terrorism to "disrupt and dismantle industrial civilization" and "remove the ability of the powerful to exploit the marginalized and destroy the planet."
They want more "mainstream" pressure groups to promote the notion that sabotage is acceptable and normal where Earth's future is at stake. Environmentalists have already persuaded Western institutions not to support pesticide use, fossil fuel power plant construction and other modern technologies in poor, disease-ridden, energy-deprived countries – so maybe this lunacy no longer so farfetched.
Several states have passed "critical infrastructure protection" bills, assessing criminal penalties on terrorists and organizations that conspire to trespass on or damage essential infrastructure sites. The bills also hold parties responsible for any resultant damages to property or persons; they should also penalize foundations and other financiers of eco-terror. All 50 states and Congress should enact similar bills.
The asserted justifications that drive perverse, conflicted environmentalist ethics are based on ideologies, assertions and computer models that label humans, capitalism and modern technologies as existential threats to our planet. They have given rise to a $1.5-trillion-per-year Climate Industrial Complex that is determined to expand its revenues and control people's lives, livelihoods and living standards – while redistributing wealth mostly to those who would be in power and those who would keep them in power, while sending just enough to the world's poorest families to improve their lives slightly at the margins.
Ironically, in the process, eco-activists will inflict far more damage on environmental values than do the technologies they despise. Their "solutions" to alleged ecological "problems" will turn billions of acres into wind and solar farms, biofuel plantations, hydroelectric projects, and mines for materials needed for wind turbines, solar panels, batteries and other "clean, green, renewable" energy alternatives.
The twentieth century revealed how thin the veneer of humanity, civilization and ethics can be, when propaganda, fear-mongering, hatred and emotions take over. We need to muster enough science, intellectual rigor and freedom of speech to prevent more deaths in the name of "environmental justice."