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The Republican Party and US Foreign Relations
David L. Prentice
The history of the Republican Party's foreign policy reminds historians that national politics often entails efforts to hold together a diverse coalition. The party's regional alignments, ideas, and positions were seldom static. Rarely has it enjoyed unity on foreign relations. Intra-party differences mattered as wings, factions, and insurgents feuded over both domestic policy and America's aims, interests, and engagement with the world. Mugwumps, jingoes, insurgents, Irreconcilables, the Republican Right, and neoconservatives, among others, interpreted events differently. These differences modulated the party's swings from isolationism to interventionism, pulling it closer to the center of American politics.
Regarding foreign relations, Republicans have generally united around five themes. First, there existed a common understanding that US interests were paramount in defining foreign policy. A shared "America first" ethos made Republicans wary of liberal internationalism and reluctant to concede any autonomy on foreign or economic affairs. While different wings of the Republican Party may have backed divergent policies, each agreed the United States should preserve its flexibility and engage in unilateral action when necessary. Second, Republicans have supported preparedness for national defense and military superiority even when members may oppose US intervention in a foreign conflict. As for diplomacy, they maintained sound negotiations would come from victory or positions of strength. In a world of dangers, the strong survive. Third, the nature of the foreign foe mattered. Republicans opposed revolutionary regimes abroad whereas anti-fascist or anti-authoritarian causes drew weak or belated interest. The common Republican perception that the Soviet Union posed a greater threat to the international order than Nazi Germany accounted for much of the party's isolationism before World War II. And during the Cold War, Republicans frequently turned a blind eye to the human rights and political abuses of America's allies while condemning communist nations for the same. Fourth, the Republican preference for limited government influenced how they approached armed conflict. They resisted large peacetime armies and land wars while, in recent eras, placing inordinate faith in modern firepower to deter enemies and accomplish swift victory when used properly. They feared long wars encouraged the growth of the federal government. Finally, opposition to Democratic alternatives, especially in an election year, could bridge some of the party's greatest chasms.
The Rise and Fall of Mississippian Ancient Towns and Cities, 1000–1700
Robbie Ethridge
The story of the pre-Columbian Mississippi Period (1000
Rock and Roll
Eric Weisbard
Rock and roll, a popular music craze of the mid-1950s, turned a loud, fast, and sexy set of sounds rooted in urban, black, working class, and southern America into the pop preference as well of suburban, white, young, and northern America. By the late 1960s, those fans and British counterparts made their own version, more politicized and experimental and just called rock—the summoning sound of the counterculture. Rock's aura soon faded: it became as much entertainment staple as dissident form, with subcategories disparate as singer-songwriter, heavy metal, alternative, and "classic rock." Where rock and roll was integrated and heterogeneous, rock was largely white and homogeneous, policing its borders. Notoriously, rock fans detonated disco records in 1979. By the 1990s, rock and roll style was hip-hop, with its youth appeal and rebelliousness; post‒baby boomer bands gave rock some last vanguard status; and suburbanites found classic rock in New Country. This century's notions of rock and roll have blended thoroughly, from genre "mash-ups" to superstar performers almost categories unto themselves and new sounds such as EDM beats. Still, crossover moments evoke rock and roll; assertions of authenticity evoke rock. Because rock and roll, and rock, epitomize cultural ideals and group identities, their definitions have been constantly debated. Initial argument focused on challenging genteel, professional notions of musicianship and behavior. Later discourse took up cultural incorporation and social empowerment, with issues of gender and commercialism as prominent as race and artistry. Rock and roll promised one kind of revolution to the post-1945 United States; rock another. The resulting hope and confusion has never been fully sorted, with mixed consequences for American music and cultural history.
Roe v. Wade
Mary Ziegler
Decided by the Supreme Court in 1973, Roe v. Wade legalized abortion across the United States. The 7-2 decision came at the end of a decades-long struggle to reform—and later repeal—abortion laws. Although all of the justices understood that Roe addressed a profoundly important question, none of them imagined that it would later become a flashpoint of American politics or shape those politics for decades to come.
Holding that the right to privacy covered a woman's choice to terminate her pregnancy, Roe and its companion case, Doe v. Bolton, struck down many of the abortion regulations on the books. The lead-up to and aftermath of Roe tell a story not only of a single Supreme Court decision but also of the historical shifts that the decision shaped and reflected: the emergence of a movement for women's liberation, the rise of grassroots conservatism, political party realignment, controversy about the welfare state, changes to the family structure, and the politicization of science. It is a messy and complicated story that evolved parallel to different ideas about the decision itself. In later decades, Roe arguably became the best-known opinion issued by the Supreme Court, a symbol of an ever-changing set of beliefs about family, health care, and the role of the judiciary in American democracy.
The Role of Agriculture and Food Aid in US Policymaking during the Cold War
Kristin L. Ahlberg
In the 20th century, US policymakers often attempted to solve domestic agricultural oversupply problems by extending food aid to foreign recipients. In some instances, the United States donated food in times of natural disasters. In other instances, the United States offered commodities to induce foreign governments to support US foreign policy aims or to spur agricultural modernization. These efforts coalesced during the 1950s with the enactment of Public Law 480, commonly known as the Food for Peace program, which provided for a formal, bureaucratic mechanism for the disbursement of commodities. Throughout the second half of the 20th century, successive presidential administrations continued to deploy commodities in advance of their often disparate foreign policy objectives.
The Role of Congress in the History of US Foreign Relations
Clay Silver Katsky
While presidents have historically been the driving force behind foreign policy decision-making, Congress has used its constitutional authority to influence the process. The nation's founders designed a system of checks and balances aimed at establishing a degree of equilibrium in foreign affairs powers. Though the president is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and the country's chief diplomat, Congress holds responsibility for declaring war and can also exert influence over foreign relations through its powers over taxation and appropriation, while the Senate possesses authority to approve or reject international agreements. This separation of powers compels the executive branch to work with Congress to achieve foreign policy goals, but it also sets up conflict over what policies best serve national interests and the appropriate balance between executive and legislative authority. Since the founding of the Republic, presidential power over foreign relations has accreted in fits and starts at the legislature's expense. When core American interests have come under threat, legislators have undermined or surrendered their power by accepting presidents' claims that defense of national interests required strong executive action. This trend peaked during the Cold War, when invocations of national security enabled the executive to amass unprecedented control over America's foreign affairs.
Russian-U.S. Foreign Relations, 1917–1991
Margaret Peacock
In 1835, Alexis de Tocqueville argued in Democracy in America that there were "two great nations in the world." They had started from different historical points but seemed to be heading in the same direction. As expanding empires, they faced the challenges of defeating nature and constructing a civilization for the modern era. Although they adhered to different governmental systems, "each of them," de Tocqueville declared, "seems marked out by the will of Heaven to sway the destinies of half the globe."
De Tocqueville's words were prophetic. In the 19th century, Russian and American intellectuals and diplomats struggled to understand the roles that their countries should play in the new era of globalization and industrialization. Despite their differing understandings of how development should happen, both sides believed in their nation's vital role in guiding the rest of the world. American adherents of liberal developmentalism often argued that a free flow of enterprise, trade, investment, information, and culture was the key to future growth. They held that the primary obligation of American foreign policy was to defend that freedom by pursuing an "open door" policy and free access to markets. They believed that the American model would work for everyone and that the United States had an obligation to share its system with the old and underdeveloped nations around it.
A similar sense of mission developed in Russia. Russian diplomats had for centuries struggled to establish defensive buffers around the periphery of their empire. They had linked economic development to national security, and they had argued that their geographic expansion represented a "unification" of peoples as opposed to a conquering of them. In the 19th century, after the Napoleonic Wars and the failed Decembrist Revolution, tsarist policymakers fought to defend autocracy, orthodoxy, and nationalism from domestic and international critics. As in the United States, Imperial and later Soviet leaders envisioned themselves as the emissaries of the Enlightenment to the backward East and as protectors of tradition and order for the chaotic and revolutionary West.
These visions of order clashed in the 20th century as the Soviet Union and the United States became superpowers. Conflicts began early, with the American intervention in the 1918–1921 Russian civil war. Tensions that had previously been based on differing geographic and strategic interests then assumed an ideological valence, as the fight between East and West became a struggle between the political economies of communism and capitalism. Foreign relations between the two countries experienced boom and bust cycles that took the world to the brink of nuclear holocaust and yet maintained a strategic balance that precluded the outbreak of global war for fifty years. This article will examine how that relationship evolved and how it shaped the modern world.
The 1960s
Robert O. Self
Few decades in American history reverberate with as much historical reach or glow as brightly in living mythology as the 1960s. During those years Americans reanimated and reinvented the core political principles of equality and liberty but, in a primal clash that resonates more than half a century later, fiercely contested what those principles meant, and for whom. For years afterward, the decade's appreciators considered the era to have its own "spirit," defined by greater freedoms and a deeper, more authentic personhood, and given breath by a youthful generation's agitation for change in nearly every dimension of national life. To its detractors in subsequent decades, the era was marked by immature radical fantasies and dangerous destabilizations of the social order, behind which lay misguided youthful enthusiasms and an overweening, indulgent federal government. We need not share either conviction to appreciate the long historical shadow cast by the decade's clashing of left, right, and center and its profound influence over the political debates, cultural logics, and social practices of the many years that followed.
The decade's political and ideological clashes registered with such force because post–World War II American life was characterized by a society-wide embrace of antiradicalism and a prescribed normalcy. Having emerged from the war as the lone undamaged capitalist industrial power, the United States exerted enormous influence throughout the globe after 1945—so much that some historians have called the postwar years a "pax Americana." In its own interest and in the interest of its Western allies, the United States engaged in a Cold War standoff with the Soviet Union over the fate of Europe and no less over the fate of developing countries on every continent. Fiercely anticommunist abroad and at home, U.S. elites stoked fears of the damage communism could do, whether in Eastern Europe or in a public school textbook. Americans of all sorts in the postwar years embraced potent ideologies justifying the prevailing order, whether that order was capitalist, patriarchal, racial, or heterosexual. They pursued a postwar "normalcy" defined by nuclear family domesticity and consumer capitalism in the shadow cast by the threat of communism and, after 1949, global thermonuclear war with the Soviet Union. This prevailing order was stultifying and its rupture in the 1960s is the origin point of the decade's great dramas.
The social movements of that decade drew Americans from the margins of citizenship—African Americans, Latina/o, Native Americans, women, and gay men and lesbians, among others—into epochal struggles over the withheld promise of equality. For the first time since 1861, an American war deeply split the nation, nearly destroying a major political party and intensifying a generational revolt already under way. Violence, including political assassinations at the highest level, bombings and assassinations of African Americans, bombings by left-wing groups like the Weathermen, and major urban uprisings by African Americans against police and property bathed the country in more blood. The New Deal liberalism of Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman reached its postwar peak in 1965 under President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society and then retreated amid acrimony and backlash, as a new conservative politics gained traction. All this took place in the context of a "global 1960s," in which societies in Western and Eastern Europe, Latin America, Africa, and elsewhere experienced similar generational rebellions, quests for meaningful democracy, and disillusionment with American global hegemony. From the first year of the decade to the last, the 1960s were a watershed era that marked the definitive end of a "postwar America" defined by easy Cold War dualities, presumptions of national innocence, and political calcification.
To explain the foregoing, this essay is organized in five sections. First comes a broad overview of the decade, highlighting some of its indelible moments and seminal political events. The next four sections correspond to the four signature historical developments of the 1960s. Discussed first is the collapse of the political consensus that predominated in national life following World War II. We can call this consensus "Vital Center liberalism," after the title of a 1949 book by Arthur Schlesinger Jr., or "Cold War liberalism." Its assault from both the New Left and the New Right is one of the defining stories of the 1960s. Second is the resurgence, after a decades-long interregnum dating to Reconstruction, of African American political agency. The black freedom struggle of the 1960s was far more than a social movement for civil rights. To shape the conditions of national life and the content of public debate in ways impossible under Jim Crow, black American called for nothing less than a spiritual and political renewal of the country. Third, and following from the latter, is the emergence within the American liberal tradition of a new emphasis on expanding individual rights and ending invidious discrimination. Forged in conjunction with the black freedom movement by women, Latino/as, Asian Americans, Native Americans, and homophiles (as early gay rights activists were called) and gay liberationists, this new emphasis profoundly changed American law and set the terms of political debate for the next half century. Fourth and lastly, the 1960s witnessed the flourishing of a broad and diverse culture of anti-authoritarianism. In art, politics, and social behavior, this anti-authoritarianism took many forms, but at its heart lay two distinct historical phenomena: an ecstatic celebration of youth, manifest in the tension between the World War II generation and the baby boom generation, and an intensification of the long-standing conflict in American life between individualism and hierarchical order.
Despite the disruptions, rebellions, and challenges to authority in the decade, the political and economic elite proved remarkably resilient and preserved much of the prevailing order. This is not to discount the foregoing account of challenges to that order or to suggest that social change in the 1960s made little difference in American life. However, in grappling with this fascinating decade we are confronted with the paradox of outsized events and enormous transformations in law, ideology, and politics alongside a continuation, even an entrenchment, of traditional economic and political structures and practices.
The 1980s
Doug Rossinow
The decade of the 1980s represented a turning point in American history—a crucial era, marked by political conservatism and an individualistic ethos. The 1980s also witnessed a dramatic series of developments in U.S. foreign relations, first an intensification of the Cold War with the Soviet Union and then a sudden relaxation of tensions and the effective end of the Cold War with an American victory. All of these developments were advanced and symbolized in the presidential administration of Ronald Reagan (1981–1989), a polarizing figure but a highly successful political leader. Reagan dominates our memories of the 1980s like few other American leaders do other eras. Reagan and the political movement he led—Reaganism—are central to the history of the 1980s. Both their successes and their failures, which became widely acknowledged in the later years of the decade, should be noted. Reaganite conservatives won political victories by rolling back state power in many realms, most of all in terms of taxation and regulation. They also succeeded in putting America at the unquestioned pinnacle of the world order through a victory over the Soviet Union in the Cold War, although this was unforeseen by America's Cold Warriors when the 1980s began. The failures of Reaganite conservatism include its handling of rising poverty levels, the HIV/AIDS crisis, and worsening racial tensions, all problems that either Reaganites did little to stem or to which they positively contributed. In foreign affairs, Reaganites pursued a "war on terror" of questionable success, and their approach to Third World arenas of conflict, including Central America, exacted a terrible human toll.
The 1950s
Jennifer Delton
The 1950s have typically been seen as a complacent, conservative time between the end of World War II and the radical 1960s, when anticommunism and the Cold War subverted reform and undermined civil liberties. But the era can also be seen as a very liberal time in which meeting the Communist threat led to Keynesian economic policies, the expansion of New Deal programs, and advances in civil rights. Politically, it was "the Eisenhower Era," dominated by a moderate Republican president, a high level of bipartisan cooperation, and a foreign policy committed to containing communism. Culturally, it was an era of middle-class conformity, which also gave us abstract expressionism, rock and roll, Beat poetry, and a grassroots challenge to Jim Crow.
The Salem Witch Trials
Emerson W. Baker
The Salem Witch Trials are one of the best known, most studied, and most important events in early American history. The afflictions started in Salem Village (present-day Danvers), Massachusetts, in January 1692, and by the end of the year the outbreak had spread throughout Essex County, and threatened to bring down the newly formed Massachusetts Bay government of Sir William Phips. It may have even helped trigger a witchcraft crisis in Connecticut that same year. The trials are known for their heavy reliance on spectral evidence, and numerous confessions, which helped the accusations grow. A total of 172 people are known to have been formally charged or informally cried out upon for witchcraft in 1692. Usually poor and marginalized members of society were the victims of witchcraft accusations, but in 1692 many of the leading members of the colony were accused. George Burroughs, a former minister of Salem Village, was one of the nineteen people convicted and executed. In addition to these victims, one man, Giles Cory, was pressed to death, and five died in prison. The last executions took place in September 1692, but it was not until May 1693 that the last trial was held and the last of the accused was freed from prison.
The trials would have lasting repercussions in Massachusetts and signaled the beginning of the end of the Puritan City upon a Hill, an image of American exceptionalism still regularly invoked. The publications ban issued by Governor Phips to prevent criticism of the government would last three years, but ultimately this effort only ensured that the failure of the government to protect innocent lives would never be forgotten. Pardons and reparations for some of the victims and their families were granted by the government in the early 18th century, and the legislature would regularly take up petitions, and discuss further reparations until 1749, more than fifty years after the trials. The last victims were formally pardoned by the governor and legislature of Massachusetts in 2001.
Same-Sex Love among Early American Women
Rachel Hope Cleves
The task of recovering the history of same-sex love among early American women faces daunting challenges of definition and sources. Modern conceptions of same-sex sexuality did not exist in early America, but alternative frameworks did. Many indigenous nations had social roles for female-bodied individuals who lived as men, performed male work, and acquired wives. Early Christian settlers viewed sexual encounters between women as sodomy, but also valued loving dyadic bonds between religious women. Primary sources indicate that same-sex sexual practices existed within western and southern African societies exploited by the slave trade, but little more is known. The word "lesbian" has been used to signify erotics between women since roughly the 10th century, but historians must look to women who led lesbian-like lives in early America rather than to women who self-identified as lesbians. Stories of female husbands who passed as men and married other women were popular in the 18th century. Tales of passing women who served in the military, in the navy, and as pirates also amused audiences and raised the spectre of same-sex sexuality. Some female religious leaders trespassed conventional gender roles and challenged the marital sexual order. Other women conformed to female gender roles, but constructed loving female households. 18th-century pornography depicting lesbian sexual encounters indicates that early Americans were familiar with the concept of sex between women. A few court records exist from prosecutions of early American women for engaging in lewd acts together. Far more common, by the end of the 18th century, were female-authored letters and diaries describing the culture of romantic friendship, which sometimes extended to sexual intimacy. Later in the 19th century, romantic friendship became an important ingredient in the development of lesbian culture and identity.
The 1930s and the Road to World War II
Steven Casey
The United States was extremely reluctant to get drawn into the wars that erupted in Asia in 1937 and Europe in 1939. Deeply disillusioned with the experience of World War I, when the large number of trench warfare casualties had resulted in a peace that many American believed betrayed the aims they had fought for, the United States sought to avoid all forms of entangling alliances. Deeply embittered by the Depression, which was widely blamed on international bankers and businessmen, Congress enacted legislation that sought to prevent these actors from drawing the country into another war. The American aim was neutrality, but the underlying strength of the United States made it too big to be impartial—a problem that Roosevelt had to grapple with as Germany, Italy, and Japan began to challenge international order in the second half of the 1930s.
Schools in US Cities
Ansley T. Erickson
"Urban infrastructure" calls to mind railways, highways, and sewer systems. Yet the school buildings—red brick, limestone, or concrete, low-slung, turreted, or glass-fronted—that hold and seek to shape the city's children are ubiquitous forms of infrastructure as well. Schools occupy one of the largest line items in a municipal budget, and as many as a fifth of a city's residents spend the majority of their waking hours in school classrooms, hallways, and gymnasiums. In the 19th and 20th centuries urban educational infrastructure grew, supported by developing consensus for publicly funded and publicly governed schools (if rarely fully accessible to all members of the public). Even before state commitment to other forms of social welfare, from pensions to public health, and infrastructure, from transit to fire, schooling was a government function.
This commitment to public education ultimately was national, but schools in cities had their own story. Schooling in the United States is chiefly a local affair: Constitutional responsibility for education lies with the states; power is then further decentralized as states entrust decisions about school function and funding to school districts. School districts can be as small as a single town or a part of a city. Such localism is one reason that it is possible to speak about schools in U.S. cities as having a particular history, determined as much by the specificities of urban life as by national questions of citizenship, economy, religion, and culture.
While city schools have been distinct, they have also been nationally influential. Urban scale both allowed for and demanded the most extensive educational system-building. Urban growth and diversity galvanized innovation, via exploration in teaching methods, curriculum, and understanding of children and communities. And it generated intense conflict. Throughout U.S. history, urban residents from myriad social, political, religious, and economic positions have struggled to define how schools would operate, for whom, and who would decide.
During the 19th and 20th centuries, U.S. residents struggled over the purposes, funding, and governance of schools in cities shaped by capitalism, nativism, and white supremacy. They built a commitment to schooling as a public function of their cities, with many compromises and exclusions. In the 21st century, old struggles re-emerged in new form, perhaps raising the question of whether schools will continue as public, urban infrastructure.
The Scopes Trial
Adam R. Shaprio
The 1925 Scopes trial was a widely followed court case in Dayton, Tennessee, that attracted the attention of the nation. A prosecution against a schoolteacher charged with violating Tennessee's new law prohibiting the teaching of human evolution, the trial became a great public spectacle that saw debates over the meaning and truth of the Bible, and the relationship between science and religion. The trial is most famous for the involvement of the lawyers William Jennings Bryan (for the prosecution) and Clarence Darrow (for the defense).
Despite being a legally insignificant case, the trial has remained important in American history because it is seen as symbolizing some of the country's great social issues in the early 20th century: fundamentalist responses to modernity, the autonomy and clout of the "New South," and the eternal clash between religion and science.
Seaport Cities in North America, 1600–1800
Emma Hart
Since many North American indigenous societies also built and inhabited towns, America was not an entirely rural continent before the arrival of Europeans. Nevertheless, when Europeans set out to colonize their "wilderness," they arrived with a practical and ideological commitment to recreating cities of the sort with which they were familiar on their home continent. The result of their ambitions was the rapid founding and development of European-style cities, the vast majority of which clustered on large bodies of water, either directly on the Atlantic Ocean or on the seas and river estuaries adjacent to it. The pace of city expansion was closely linked to the levels of support for cities among colonists and an economic environment that stimulated urban growth. Some cities grew faster than others, but by the middle of the 18th century even Virginia and Maryland, the most rural colonies, had towns that played a critical cultural, political, and economic role in society. By the revolutionary era, the centrality of North America's seaports was cemented by their status as crucibles of the conflict. The issue of which seaport was the new United States' premier city was contested, but the importance of cities to North American society was no longer debated.
The Separation of Church and State in the United States
Steven K. Green
Separation of church and state has long been viewed as a cornerstone of American democracy. At the same time, the concept has remained highly controversial in the popular culture and law. Much of the debate over the application and meaning of the phrase focuses on its historical antecedents. This article briefly examines the historical origins of the concept and its subsequent evolutions in the nineteenth century.
Service Economies and the American Postindustrial City, 1950–Present
Patrick Vitale
In the seventy years since the end of World War II (1939–1945), postindustrialization—the exodus of manufacturing and growth of finance and services—has radically transformed the economy of North American cities. Metropolitan areas are increasingly home to transnational firms that administer dispersed production networks that span the world. A few major global centers host large banks that coordinate flows of finance capital necessary not only for production, but also increasingly for education, infrastructure, municipal government, housing, and nearly every other aspect of life. In cities of the global north, fewer workers produce goods and more produce information, entertainment, and experiences. Women have steadily entered the paid workforce, where they often do the feminized work of caring for children and the ill, cleaning homes, and preparing meals. Like the Gilded Age city, the postindustrial city creates immense social divisions, injustices, and inequalities: penthouses worth millions and rampant homelessness, fifty-dollar burgers and an epidemic of food insecurity, and unparalleled wealth and long-standing structural unemployment all exist side by side. The key features of the postindustrial service economy are the increased concentration of wealth, the development of a privileged and celebrated workforce of professionals, and an economic system reliant on hyperexploited service workers whose availability is conditioned by race, immigration status, and gender.
Sexuality and American Religion
Kathryn Lofton
Both sexuality and religion are terms as vexatious to define as they can be alluring to pursue. In the contemporary period, figuring out one's sexual feelings, identity, and preferences has become a signal aspect of self-formation. Understanding one's religious feelings, identity, and preferences may seem less imminent, but is certainly no less complicated. Both terms cause no small amount of confusion. Clearing up some of this confusion requires speaking frankly about delicate matters, and also speaking flatly about enormously complex experiences. Popular media coverage of ecclesiastical sex scandals in America suggests that people enjoy hearing about the profanation of religious duty. Despite the observed, inferred, and accused sexuality in American religious history, or maybe because of it, eroticism suffuses narrative accounts of American religious history and descriptions of religious actors. In U.S. history, sexuality has often been a key lens through which we have understood the nature of religion, the leaders of religions, and the reason for religious commitment.
Sherman's March in American History and Cultural Memory
Anne Sarah Rubin
Sherman's March, more accurately known as the Georgia and Carolinas Campaigns, cut a swath across three states in 1864–1865. It was one of the most significant campaigns of the war, making Confederate civilians "howl" as farms and plantations were stripped of everything edible and all their valuables. Outbuildings, and occasionally homes, were burned, railroads were destroyed, and enslaved workers were emancipated. Long after the war ended, Sherman's March continued to shape American's memories as one of the most symbolically powerful aspects of the Civil War.
Sherman's March began with the better-known March to the Sea, which started in Atlanta on November 15, 1864, and concluded in Savannah on December 22 of the same year. Sherman's men proceeded through South Carolina and North Carolina in February, March, and April of 1865. The study of this military campaign illuminates the relationships between Sherman's soldiers and Southern white civilians, especially women, and African Americans. Sherman's men were often uncomfortable with their role as an army of liberation, and African Americans, in particular, found the March to be a double-edged sword.


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The above are the 2 most commonly used by me to charge my smartphones : Energizer XP4001 and Yoobao YB602
Here are the details of these 2 battery chargers :
ENERGIZER XP4001 : 4000 mAh
Purchased at Singapore IT Fair for S$ 89 ( about RM 213 ): An expensive charger that is not really worth its price. In Malaysia the retail price is around RM 240
Tech Specs : Input : DC5V and Output : 1.0A ( 1 USB) , 0.5A ( 2 USB) ; CAPACITY – 4000 mAh
The XP4001 is a flat and rectangular battery (5.2 by 3.2 by .6 inches HWD ) that has great looks. Its unique features are those rubbery sides which are patterned recessed dots and nice to hold. The device has two USB ports and an AC adapter port on one side and two lights on top ( one to show charging mode and the other battery level left).
You need to press down the first top button to commence charging the smartphone. It will light up for a short while and shuts off after a few seconds. The first light runs when you're charging the battery itself; it starts out red, but becomes green when the battery is full. The second light lets you check the battery's status when you're running it down, once more giving you either red or green depending on whether it's running out of juice. The second light however " broke down" and failed to work after a few days usage !!
There are two USB ports, meaning simultaneously you can charge 2 smartphones at the same time. However power output will be limited to max 0.5A each. Using just one USB port will gives you the max 1A power output.
Performance :
Charging time to full from near empty is about 4 hours
Charging most smartphones ( battery size about 1650-1750 mAh ) : Battery level increased by 25-26 % in 1 hour
The XP4001 requires an external, AC power adapter to charge it. It also comes with a velvet carrying case and two USB cables to connect it to your smartphone. The cables are short and don't terminate in standard microUSB ends. Instead, you get six plug-in "tips" that can terminate in microUSB, miniUSB, Apple dock connectors or Nokia, Samsung, or LG older proprietary phone connectors.
Product Specs : http://www.energizerpowerpacks.com/us/products/xp4001/
FAQ on this unit : http://www.energizerpowerpacks.com/us/services/questions-answers.html
YOOBAO YB602 : 4800 mAh
This is a much better external charger than the Energizer XP4001. It is easy to use . Just plug in and it will charge the smartphone without any need to press any additional buttons. This charger is compact size , rectangular in form and is thicker by 1 cm compared to the Energizer XP4001. I bought this online from http://www.lelong.com.my for RM 119 , about half the price compared with the XP4001. The 5 LED lights in front will display at anytime the charge level level in the charger – a very useful feature.
This charger also comes with a set of tips for commonly used smartphones
Capacity light on,it shows how much the capacity is left in power bank YB602.
-capacity 20% ,capacity light 1 ON
-capacity 20% – 40%,capacity light 2 ON
-capacity 40% – 60% ,capacity light 3 ON
-capacity 60% – 80% ,capacity light 4 ON
-capacity 80% – 100% ,capacity light 5 ON
.Red Power indicator light : Device is under charging
.Blue Power indicator light : Device is fully charged
Below are the specifications :
– CAPACITY : 4800 mAh
– Input : 5V 1000 mA ; Output 5.3V – 1000 mA
Performance :
– Charging time from near empty to full – about 4 hours
– Charging most smartphones ( battery size about 1650-1750 mAh ) : Battery level increased by 28 to 30 % in 1 hour
Buying Yoobao external chargers, one need to be extra careful as there are plenty fakes/imitations in the market. Do consult this website to identify the genuine from those imiatation types: http://www.yoobao.com/news.asp?id=134
Some pics top show these 2 chargers charging the Galaxy Nexus : note the size of the chargers relative to the phone
YOOBAO YB 642 : 11200 mAh charger
This charger I used it to charge my Android tablets and ipad2 besides the smartphones. It has 2 USB ports – one at 1A and the other at 2A. The 2A output port is used to charge the tablets
I paid RM 230 for this and purchased it through http://www.lelong.com.my
Yoobao Website : http://www.yoobao.com/

subset: commoncrawl


text: Electric blues are hitting the runways as fall favorites this season! Parabal Gurung's Fall 2012 line displays the power of a deep blue and black combo for a fierce and fashionable look. We forsee bright blondes, reds, and striking black as the hair trend to go along with this fashion trend!


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Yellow Titanate
Yellow Titanate is a rich, exceptionally lightfast, strong yet subtle yellow. Earthy and warm ??? it is perfect for representing the sandy hues of the desert dunes.?? Its opacity makes it dense and sturdy, retaining its glowing character from full strength to subtle tints. A granulating pigment, it can also create beautiful textures and subtleties in the landscape.?
also purchased
$8.95 Sale: $8.0610% off


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The project will cover 165 micro hydro power units under EU-funded PEACE programme with total cost of €40 million
Ambassador of the European Union Mr. Jean-François Cautain has inaugurated two Micro Hydro Power (MHP) units, built under the EU-funded PEACE programme, to tackle energy crisis in Chitral district Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa.
The plants will affordable, sustainable and uninterrupted energy to thousands of households, businesses and offices.
The EU has provided €40 million (PKR 4 billion) to cover 165 micro hydro power units and community infrastructure facilities.
The power plants have been built by Sarhad Rural Support Programme (SRSP) with the help of local communities under the EU-funded PEACE programme.
These plants will bring affordable, sustainable and uninterrupted energy to thousands of households, local businesses, and government offices and hospitals in #Chitral town and surrounding areas. These households and businesses previously used wood for heating and cooking purposes, thus reducing deforestation and the effects of climate change.
Ambassador Jean-François Cautain said at the occasion, "Pakistan is an energy deficient country as well as very vulnerable to climate change. By working with local communities, SRSP with the financial support of the European Union has set up tens of small scale hydropower units providing stable and sustainable electricity to remote villages.
In Chitral, the EU-funded PEACE project is supplying electricity to two-thirds of the city allowing small businesses to flourish.


text: We're so excited to announce that our newest issue is now available in our shop. Featuring the theme, The Body, this new issue features stories of body image, documented through photo diaries, first person essays, interviews, and more. Body image is such an important topic for women as we've been made to believe that we must look a certain way. In this issue, we're removing that idea and celebrating ALL types of bodies and what they're capable of.Read More


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Casual & Visitor Berthing
Our location allows boat owners and keen sailors access to superb sailing all year round on the waters of Lyme Bay and the Exe Estuary, and many other harbours lie within a few hours' travelling under sail. As such, we are a popular base for local boat-owners as well as those who've travelled from farther afield. Visiting boat owners are very welcome at Exmouth Marina; visitor berth holders enjoy full access to all marina facilities. Visitor berths are located on the hammerhead in the middle of the basin, on the starboard side, though we can sometimes accommodate more vessels by using vacant berths, so it's always worth calling ahead. The maximum stay in a visitor berth is two weeks.
If you are planning your stay with us well ahead of time, for your peace of mind we suggest booking a visitor berth in advance (especially during the busier summer months), as these berths are allocated on a 'first come, first served' basis. If you expect to arrive at the marina before 8am or after 5pm, it is strongly advised that you contact the Harbour Office beforehand during office opening hours (see Marina Facilities for contact details). Access to the Marina is controlled via a lifting footbridge, which is operated by marina staff during office hours and by the staff of The Point Restaurant until the restaurant closes (usually at 9pm, but times may vary according to season), so – as before – it's worth checking ahead. The Point Restaurant can be reached on +44 (0) 1395 227 145.
SUMMER PER NIGHT(ApR-SEPT)
Vessels Under 6.5m - £20.00
Vessels 6.51m - 10m - £27.00
Vessels Over 10.1m - £38.00
Winter Per Night (OCT-MAR)
Vessels Under 6.5m - £10.00
Vessels 6.51m - 10m - £17.00
Vessels Over 10.1m - £28.00
Short stay Berthing
(Up to 4 hrs max)
Vessels up to 6.5m - £5
Vessels over 6.51m - £7.50
Simply complete the form below to book a visitors berth at the Exmouth Marina. Once you've submitted your booking, a member of the team will be in touch within 24 hours to take payment and confirm your booking. Thank you for choosing to stay with us - we look forward to welcoming you to Exmouth Marina.


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THE INFO BELOW WAS FROM OUR 2017 Summer CAMP.
Here's a list of skills and processes we will be getting hands-on with:
- Book binding
- Sewing (by hand and machine)
- Weaving on a simple loom
- CNC paper cutting on the Silhouette
- Printmaking with cyanotypes
- Screen printing/stencilling camp shirts
- Sculpting with polymer clay & modelling clay
- Mold making with vaccuum forming
- Soldering and electronic circuits
- 3D modelling and 3D printing
- Building with cardboard and paper
All of our projects are designed to go with our unofficial "Harry Potter" theme this summer, so we'll be creating many whimsical and magical objects. Not a Potter fan? Don't fret, we still think you'll enjoy our varied range of hands on projects. We'll be making a mix of functional props, custom wearables, soft toys, artwork, and even an edible treat which will be sculpted, molded and cast from scratch! Projects are open to modifications based on the student's interest. Our end goal is to teach how a tool works and help you make something awesome with it.
Take a look at the projects we have planned below:
- LED illuminating magic wands
- hand woven scarves
- pom-pom pets (owl, cat, rat, pygmy puff, etc.)
- hand bound notebooks with "wax seals"
- Gummy creatures in a DIY food safe mold
- antique book "safe" for hiding treasures
- potions props
- wearable dragon eye pendant & egg prop
- feather pens
- 3D printed patronus badge
- cyanotype "sun prints" on fabric
- machine sewn fabric tote bags
- patronus string art
- camp shirts with stencils + bleach
In addition to these projects, our students will have the opportunity to create their own cardboard pinball machine! Based on the the enthusiasm for cardboard building we saw last summer, we've decided to bring back the DIY game projects, however this year we are taking a slightly different approach. We found many campers got stuck at the initial idea stage, so this time everyone will work on building the same machine from our homemade template. With a functioning base as a starting place, campers are then free to run wild in creating their story and game board creations.
The idea for this project was inspired by the PinBox 3000. But we'll be creating our own templates to follow in true DIY maker spirit.
We are offering nine one-week sessions to choose from. Yes, we run all summer long!
On the Friday of each week, families and friends are invited to join us for our "Show & Tell: Family Game Night" from 4:00 pm - 5:00 pm. Campers will have this opportunity to show off what they made over the week, and give their pinball machines a "real live audience" test run. This is also a time for families to mingle and to get to know each other.
- Session 1: July 4 - 7 (No camp on the Canada Day Holiday, Mon. July 3)*
- Session 2: July 10 - 14 - SOLD OUT!
- Session 3: July 17 - 21 - SOLD OUT!
- Session 4: July 24 - 28 - SOLD OUT!
- Session 5: July 31 - August 4 - SOLD OUT!
- Session 6: August 8 - 11 (No camp on the Civic Holiday, Mon. Aug. 7)*
- Session 7: August 14 - 18 - SOLD OUT!
- Session 8: August 21 - 25 ** - SOLD OUT!
- Session 9: August 28 - Sept. 1 - SOLD OUT!
We also offer single day camp registrations for children who cannot attend an entire week but still want to join in on the fun! We still recommend attending a full week since many of our projects take multiple days to complete the entire making process.
Our class lessons will repeat weekly, however if your child would like to attend more than one session, our staff will happily modify the activities so they are always creating something new using the same processes.
*During our short weeks, some camp activities will be omitted.
** We have a very special treat planned for our Session 8 campers. We have purchased a class set of ISO-approved Solar Eclipse viewing glasses to be used on Monday, August 21st at 2:30 pm!
Our programming is intended for ages 7 - 14.
Camp runs 9:00 am - 4:00 pm.
Drop-off starts at 8:45 am, and pick up is until 4:30 pm.
If you require additional child care outside of these times, we will offer before and after care for a small additional fee. AM care will begin at 8:00 am, PM care runs til 5:30 pm. If you require care outside of these hours, please get in touch and we can work something out.
The Cedars Worship Centre (Westminster United Church), 543 Beechwood Drive Waterloo, Ontario.
See our location page for more details and photos.
We will be taking two nutrition breaks during the day to eat. During these periods we will also be spending time outdoors and playing games, weather permitting. Campers should come with a water bottle, and a nut-free lunch / snacks. Please have them dress appropriately for the weather that week, including a change of shoes to wear indoors if it is wet out.


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Nullarbor Links – The World's Longest Golf Course
STAND 222 - Jim Webster Pavilion
Nullarbor links is an international tourism Icon. The course is totally unique and like 'the Nullarbor' it will never be duplicated.View Video Visit Site
Nullarbor Links, the World's Longest Golf Course, is totally unique and just like The Nullarbor will never be duplicated. The course won the new tourism development category of the Western Australian Tourism Awards in 2010. In 2012 we won the Best tourist Attraction again in the West. We were national finalist in the category in 2013. This 18-hole par 73 golf course spans 1,365 kilometers with one hole in each participating town or roadhouse along the Eyre Highway, from Kalgoorlie in Western Australia to Ceduna in South Australia. Each hole includes a synthetic green, tee and somewhat rugged outback-style natural terrain fairway.
The course marries tourism, the world's largest industry, with golf, one of the world's most popular sports. Nullarbor Links provides a quintessential outback Australian golfing experience that is unmatched anywhere in the world.
Visit our Facebook and Instagram page.


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Kitchen Ideas (Better Homes And Gardens) (Better Homes And Gardens Home)
Backsplashes are the most exposed place in your kitchen, in danger of getting dirty from all the food stains from all the kitchen activities. This arrangement of home appliances and furniture will make a small kitchen design maximum functionality and you will greatly reduce the time for cooking and subsequent cleaning of the kitchen. Larger kitchen remodel projects often involve several appliance additions that will make your kitchen much more conducive to cooking lavish meals.
From space-saving solutions to the latest in sophisticated style, our design articles are written with you and your dream kitchen in mind. Enamel-coated-cast iron is another good option for durable white sinks, but tends to be heavier so make sure your cabinets can handle the weight.
Create unexpected punch by coating your kitchen island with a fresh, bright hue. Before you pick out your kitchen units you might want to think about kitchen colour schemes and what will work together. One of the best home decorating tips to follow when it comes to making your kitchen feel roomier while showing off your collectibles is to utilize shelving as much as possible.
Now some kitchen designers concentrate on horizontal space: sinks, counter tops, etc that they forget about that vertical area is simply as usable. Even in smaller kitchens people are examining the possibilities that could arise by clearing away the traditional kitchen cabinets, and replacing them with kitchen islands that offer the same amount of walking space if not more.
There's a big difference in quality among high quality and low quality cabinets. It's me, Patricia Bennet and here I want to publish 1 beautiful kitchen design and photos that you simply didn't want to skip. Deeper Drawers – Even though they're some of the most important kitchen tools, pots and pans can sometimes end up tucked away in hard to reach cupboards because of their size.


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$ 10.00
Smoked Salmon | Naan Bread | Organic Red Onion | Local Sprouts | Local Radish | Local Arugula | Local Tomato | Cream Cheese | Chives
'build-your-own' smoked salmon open faced breakfast sandwich
Here is the deal, we try to adhere as closely as possible to the ingredients and amounts listed. Should you have any questions or concerns, please contact us before ordering.
We proudly source responsibly, using local & organic whenever possible.
Subscribe & Thrive
A little food for thought, delivered to your inbox.
Keep up on the latest happenings with Sprout.


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The Details:
- Who: CCF members, family and friends
- What: BBQ dinner followed by Games highlights
- When: Wednesday, October 5, 2016, from 6 to 9pm
- Where: CCF, 46 Georges-Forest Place
- What to bring: BYOM (bring your own meat) and BYOB and we'll take care of the fixin's.
- What's planned: First we eat, then we watch the best of the best 2016 Games Highlights across age & gender categories on a big screen. It'll be even more fun after having done 2016 Games WODs in September. Woot woot!


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Kite runners. A little group of kids playing at dusk on a beach of Cienfuegos. Cuba
WIFI spot
The wharf of Cienfuegos at sunset.
Woman in Red. A cuban woman posing on the door. Havana, Cuba
The Three Marys. Three little girls are seen posing in Old Havana. Cuba
Carlos III. A view of Avenida Carlo III from a Cuban car during a storm. Havana Cuba
Magic Encounters. The Cuban flag on the wall is reflected in a pond. Havana, Cuba
The new Neymar. A group of boys playing football on the street of la Havana
The purple girl. A girl with a purple dress is seen texting at sunset out her place. Malecon, Havana
Lunch. A group of pigeons is seeing eating during a man lunch. Havana, Cuba
Still life. A cute dog in a small fruits market in la Havana, Cuba
Courtyard. Havana, Cuba
Old balcony. A cuban woman on a balcony in one of the old buildings in la Havana,
Daily life in Havana. A cuban man is seen repairing a typical Cuban car. Havana, Cuba
Devotion. A cuban woman is seen praying in her house. Havana, Cuba
The Barber. An effige of Che Guevara in a barber shop during duty hours. Havana, Cuba
El Alma de Cuba. One of the most famous graffiti, with cuban flag and Che Guevara effige in Havana. Cuba
Pelota. A couple of boy are seen play on the streets of Havana. Cuba
Calmness. The marina of Cienfuegos at Dusk. Cuba
Caballeros. Two peasants drinking beer during a break from the tobacco plantations. Viñales, Cuba
El Campesino. Field work with Plow. Viñales, Cuba
La Habana Capitol. A couple of cuban cars passing by the Capitol Avenue. Havana, Cuba
Colourful dawn. The reflection of a woman and the surrounding palaces in a puddle. Havana, Cuba
Life at dawn.The lights of dawn on a glimpse of the city. Havana, Cuba
The white car. A white taxi passing outside the Opera house. Havana, Cuba
Red spot. A woman is seen cleaning a carpet on the balcony at Sunset. Havana, Cuba
Golden hands. A cuban man hands up during a car maintenance service. Havana, Cuba
The Red cat. A cat is seen resting under a Blue traditional cuban car. Havana, Cuba
Malecon at dusk. A long exposure of the Malecon. Havana, Cuba
The Sun Boy.Two kids go to school early morning accompanied by mom. Trinidad, Cuba
Boxer school. A bw photo The training of a box school at the Malecon. Cienfuegos, Cuba
Sunrise. A cat is seen at dawn on the streets of Trinidad. Cuba
Silencio. A calm and beautiful sunset over a lake in Cuba
Flowers at dawn. Havana


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Saturday - 10am to 5pm
Sunday - 10am to 4pm
Located in the Delaware Beach resort area, the Rehoboth Art League's (RAL's) annual Outdoor Fine Art and Fine Craft Show draws local discerning collectors as well as those from the Baltimore-Washington, Philadelphia and New York City areas. The wooded historic campus of over 3.5 acres draws over six thousand patrons for this event, many who are returning patrons eager to see their favorite artist's new works. Adult show patrons pay a $5 entry fee good for both days of a single weekend. The RAL provides free shuttle service for all four show days from two locations off of busy Route 1.
The Art League is within walking distance of the beach and downtown Rehoboth. Artist booths are set up throughout the property creating a welcoming atmosphere for art patrons to view the best in fine art and fine crafts.


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The theme of our pre-budget document is An Economy for the People, where the most important consideration is that not everybody is reaping the benefits of our economic prosperity. Indeed, there are segments of our society that are finding it increasingly more difficult to cope, to make ends meet. Pensioners, people on low income, people living in rented accommodation and low and middle-income earners seeking to buy their first property, and migrant communities are facing challenging times. We cannot, and should not be blinded by the positive economic data, and forget in the process the plight of these people. Their pain is real. We are seeing the re-emergence of extreme forms of poverty, the likes of which we have not seen in decades. Clearly, the demarcation between the have and have nots in our society is growing bolder. Government seems to be oblivious to this reality.
Adrian Delia
Traditionally, the Opposition reacts to a government's budget in the form of a shadow budget presented after government delivers its budget speech. However, for the past years, the Opposition took on this daunting challenge of presenting its views prior to budget day. In so doing, we are putting our analysis and ideas at an earlier stage of the government, allowing for a wider discussion on the challenges and opportunities that can and should be addressed in the budget.
Mario de Marco
Download a copy of the Pre-budget document from this link:


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Two days before Thanksgiving, hundreds of UNITE HERE members in Florida converged on President Trump's luxury resort in Mar-a-Lago, Florida to protest his administration's decision to terminate the temporary protected status (TPS) of Haitian immigrants, who fled Haiti after a 2010 earthquake devastated their country.
Thousands of Haitian immigrants living and working in the US under the TPS program work in the hospitality industry in Florida and the Northeast and are UNITE HERE members.
"DHS and the Trump administration decided to take away the livelihoods of 50,000 Haitians working legally in the US and turn them into targets of deportation," said Maria Elena Durazo, general vice president of UNITE HERE explaining why the union was protesting.
The Department of Homeland Security on November 20 announced that it was revoking the temporary protected status of Haitians and that they would have to leave the US by July 2019 or face deportation.
"These TPS holders have lived and worked in this country for nearly a decade and have American-born children and deep roots in their communities," Durazo said. "The Trump administration and DHS are criminalizing 50,000 legal workers and ripping tens of thousands of dedicated, committed workers from the hospitality industry."
Durazo added that despite DHS' decision, UNITE HERE will continue to fight for a solution that allows immigrants covered by TPS to remain in the US and provides them a path toward citizenship.
Congress in 1990 created the TPS program to allow immigrants fleeing from war, political repression, or natural disasters to live and work in the US without fear of deportation.
The law allows DHS to designate "a foreign country for TPS due to conditions in the country that temporarily prevent the country's nationals from returning safely, or in certain circumstances, where the country is unable to handle the return of its nationals adequately."
DHS regularly reviews the protected status of each country to determine whether to extend it.
Until recently, TPS was routinely extended without much fanfare, but that began to change in September when DHS terminated TPS for immigrants from Sudan.
Six weeks later DHS terminated TPS for people from Nicaragua.
The agency also left people from Honduras in limbo when it temporarily extended their TPS for another six months but added that "it is possible that the TPS designation for Honduras will be terminated at the end of the six-month automatic extension with an appropriate delay."
DHS will be reviewing the TPS designation for people from El Salvador and Syria in March.
UNITE HERE members for the past several months have been talking directly to members of Congress urging them to find a way to support a solution that would allow TPS recipients to live their lives without the fear of deportation.
That action has paid off. Sen. Christopher Coons of Delaware and Rep. Darren Soto of Florida have introduced companion bills called the ASPIRE Act, which would allow people covered by TPS on January 1, 2017 to apply for permanent residency.
People granted permanent residency after a five-year waiting period can apply for US citizenship.
At the demonstration in Florida, Belinda Osorio a union housekeeper who came from Honduras 1991, told the Miami Herald how DHS' decision has affected her and her family.
"We are very scared. We don't know what will happen. I will have to leave in the middle of the night so I won't get arrested," said Osorio to the Herald. "After working so many years, and working so hard, they want to tear us apart. We aren't living off the government. We pay taxes. What we have, we worked for."
Osorio is married to a US citizen and has two young children born in the US.
Her union has vowed to fight the threat to her and her family.
"We will not allow (President Trump) to quietly destroy 50,000 other families," said Wendi Walsh, secretary-treasurer of UNITE HERE Local 355 in Miami. "UNITE HERE has and always will stand shoulder to shoulder with our immigrant workers."


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Are you planning a child's birthday party in the Oakland Berkeley area? We got you. Click on a category below to browse listings of the East Bay's best birthday party ideas. (Oh hey, if you're finding us from search, we don't run these parties or book 'em. Please follow up directly with all the party venues, entertainers, and cake bakers.)
Indoor birthday party places | Outdoor birthday party places | Birthday party activities & entertainment | Birthday cakes & treats | Decor
Indoor Birthday Party Places
{sponsored listings}
|Kids Gym (Berkeley)
Exclusive use of the 600+ square foot studio or mini party room for 2 hours. Packages start at $300 for up to 10 kids. Optional extras include popcorn machine, balloons, face painter, favors, pizza, cake, and full-facility rental. For ages 0 to 9. Read about our birthday party at Kids Gym. Contact at 510-845-9787 or visit website.
|East Bay SPCA (Oakland or Dublin)
Parties for animal-lovers age 6+ includes tour, animal activities, and animal meet & greets $300 for up to 16 guests; add 5 more kids for $50. Visit website
|Hands-On! (Berkeley)
Customized to kids' preference on a STEAM theme: slime, bridge-building, painting, or potions. Up to 8 kids for 2 hours with 75 minutes of structured, staff-led activities and 45 minutes of refreshments. Visit website.
|Bliss Belly Kitchen (Berkeley)
Artisanal Chocolate or Spring Rolls, you pick! Chef sources farm-fresh, organic ingredients, teaches breathing & meditation, and they prepare a feast together. Kids eat what they make. 12 participants for $480; $15 per additional child; two-hour party. Ages 5-13. Visit website.
|Lawrence Hall of Science (Berkeley)
Explore exhibits then move to the party room or cafe for your food and cake. Upgrade your party with a 1-hour science workshop. Perfect for kids age 4-11. Includes museum admission for one adult per child with access to all exhibits. Prices start at $300 ($265 for members). Visit website.
|Brushstrokes Studio (Berkeley)
Pottery painting parties include selection of ceramics. Guest creations will be glazed and fired. Other party themes choices are mosaics, glass fusing, clay, or canvas painting. BYO cake. 2 hour party: Flat rate of $264 for up to 8 guests. Additional guests: $33 each. Visit website.
|The Coop (Pleasanton)
Private Birthday Party for two hours with two helpers. Choose from 14 themes or we can create a custom theme just for you. Best for children up to 9 years-old. Party packages start at $595 for 15 kids and 30 adults. Visit website.
|John's Incredible Pizza (Newark)
Create an all-you-can-eat-and-dessert party with arcade games and rides a la carte or book the party room for a host, gift, and IncrediBear visit. Fun for many ages. Prices vary. See our experience or visit website.
|MOCHA (Oakland)
MOCHA provides enthusiastic Teaching Artists and project materials for two hours in a beautiful space. For artists of all ages – just choose a package, date, time, and theme. Parties for 10 start at $375. Visit website.
|Tutu School (Berkeley, Oakland, Alameda, Hercules)
Choose a 90-min. or 120-min. ballerina party including a ballet class, crafts, tutu favors, light snacks, and cupcakes. Packages start at $495 for 10 kids. Additional child: $20. Best for ages 2-8. Visit Oakland Montclair Tutu School website or visit Berkeley Tutu School website.
|Gymboree (Oakland)
Personalized private party in large playspace guided by a teacher, themed for the birthday child. Packages start at $350 ($300 members) for up to 15 kids. Kid-friendly physical activities with zero clean up! For ages 1 to 5. Contact 510-834-0982. Visit website.
|Twirl (Alameda)
This lovely art/play space offers a party package which includes 2 hours private use of the Party Room, pinwheel party favors, canvas stamping and shared access to the interactive play space/art studio. You bring food and drinks. $300 for up to 12 children. Visit website.
|Sticky Art Lab (Berkeley)
During a 2-hour party guests will upcycle materials into magnificent imaginative creations. Includes one-hour guided art project custom designed to match interests, access to studio and courtyard. Families provide food, treats, paper products. Up to 14 kids for $300. Visit website.
|Bladium (Alameda)
Let the Bladium Birthday Party Host lead your guests through a fun, high-energy event while you relax! Many exciting themes to choose from. Starting at $399, a 2-hour party includes four pizzas, drinks, and paper goods for up to 15 children. Parents bring cake. Call 510-814-4999.
|Blue Door Beads (Oakland)
Learn how to construct a beaded necklace or bracelet; paint some beads; or emboss brass blanks. For ages 7-14, limit 9 guests, offered weekdays for $22-$35 per person. Parents bring decorations, cake, and food to enjoy after the instruction is over. Visit website.
|Junior Center of Art and Science (Oakland)
Choose from Rocket Science, Creative Creatures, Painting, or Animal Adventures (extra fee). Parties start at $350 for 14 children. Guests participate in a hands-on project, cake and gift time. Parties are 90 minutes – 2 hours. For ages 4 – 10. Visit website.
|Aran's Art Studio (Castro Valley)
Parties for all ages. $50 for 1 1/2 hours for up to 16 participants plus the price of art projects: pottery painting, glass fusing, or canvas painting. Instruction and materials included. Whole studio available to rent. Please call (510) 728-1333 for details and to book. Visit website.
|Pacific Pinball Museum (Alameda)
Party packages include unlimited game play on classic pinball machines. 3 hour room rental: $150 + $15 per person admission. Visit website.
|Habitot Children's Museum (Berkeley)
Fabulous play-based experiences in a grocery store, fire engine, waterplay zone, and art studio will delight party-goers ages 1-5. Rent the birthday room, private classroom or whole museum! Upgrades can include food and party favors. Prices start at $225 for 8 children. Visit website.
|Creatif Art Studio (Pleasanton)
Private birthday parties for art lovers, ages 2yrs+. Paint ceramics, canvas, rocks or unfinished wood. Instructor led canvas themes. Choose from three party packages with food options starting at $299 for 12 kids. Add-ons: face painting, balloons, goody bags. Visit website.
|Little Theater Company (Alameda)
Enjoy this private party space with up to 35 kids, add-ons available to make planning easy. Choose from three party packages like pajama party, dance party, or create your own show starting at $440 for 15 kids. Visit website.
{more indoor birthday party places, listed alphabetically}
- Albany Bowl (Albany) Two-hour party includes bowling with lightweight balls, shoes, pizza, soda, balloons. Bring your own fruit/veggies and cake. $20/kid; 8-child minimum. Visit website.
- APEX Movement (Concord) Parkour and Ninja Warrior for ages 8 and up. BYO food and utensils for the party room. $250 for up to 10 kids. Visit website.
- AquaTech (Alameda, Concord) Swim parties for all ages of children. 20 kids included for base price of $475. Party includes 2-hour rental: 1 in pool and 1 in designated party zone. Visit website.
- Bay Island Gymnastics (Oakland) Parties include an hour of gymnastics time and 45 minutes in the refreshment area. Prices start at $380 for up to 18 guests. Visit website.
- Berkeley City Ballet (Berkeley) Ballerina birthday parties starting at $350 for up to 10 people ages 4+ dressed up in tutus, tiaras, sashes and crowns. Visit website.
- Blank Page Studio art party (Oakland) Art party for 12 guests for $250. Ages 5 and up will produce an art project to keep, with an instructor's guidance. BYO food and drink. Visit website.
- Cake Wars Party @ My Sustainable Kitchen (Berkeley) Cake baking and decorating from scratch produces amazing results. Ages 6 to 15, $749, for 14 people maximum. See our experience with cake wars party or visit website.
- Cal Golden Bear's Gymnastics (Berkeley) Parties are 2 hours: first hour is coached gymnastics time with obstacle course and trampoline. $315 to $475. Ages 3 to 12. Visit website.
- Chabot Space & Science Center (Oakland) Birthday party packages include admission for up to 30, a planetarium show, and use of the party room for 90 minutes. Party prices range from $500 to $550 based on membership status. Visit website.
- Color Me Mine (Alameda) Pay $100 plus the price of the ceramic pieces. Birthday child gets special plate as a keepsake. Now offering canvas painting parties. Visit website.
- East Oakland Sport's Center (Oakland) Go through Oakland Parks and Rec to reserve this spot, but the indoor pool includes a party room and water slide. $212 to $240 for a weekend party. Read our review of this indoor pool party venue.
- Golden Skate Roller Rink (San Ramon) For up to 10 people, $299.50 includes skate rental, soft drinks, game tokens, paper products, and use of a room in addition to access to the rink. Optional upgrades: pizza, birthday gift. Visit website.
- Head Over Heels (Emeryville) Two hour parties fly by for kids with access to a foam pit, trampolines and more. Supervised gymnastics is followed by food and cake. Prices start at $300 for up to 10 kids. Visit the website.
- High Scores Arcade (Alameda) Party guests get private use of the arcade with all video games set to free play and a small area for food. Parents provide any food, drink, and favors. Parties for ages 8 and up. Starts at $300 for up to 15 guests. Visit website.
- Hotel with swimming pool (various) Upgrade your tween's slumber party with a hotel stay. Make sure the hotel has a pool to make it epic.
- LeMans Karting (Fremont) Indoor go-karting for kids 8 and over. Little Indy 500 drivers must be 48″ tall. Party includes race gear, private track usage, party area and food with a minimum of 8 participants. Contact for pricing. Visit website.
- Oakland Ice (Oakland) Two hours of skating with a lesson and skate rental are included for $28.50 per guest, minimum 10 guests. 1 hour party room reservation, includes soda and pizzas. Extra pizza and soda available, but no outside food beyond commercially-prepared cake. Visit website.
- Oakland Zoo Discovery (Oakland) Best for ages 2 to 8. Education Parties are 2-hour program with guided activities, live animal close-up, and admission for all guests. $450 for up to 20 guests. Food costs extra. The Zoo also hosts a rides party or can send a ZooMobile party to your home. Visit website.
- Paradise Skate (Antioch) Birthday parties start at $257 for up to 12 party-goers for 2 1/2 hour party including roller skating and access to the party room with food. Just BYO cake. Visit website.
- Pump it Up (Oakland) Weekend parties start at $335 for up to 10 guests, but the extras really add up. Children move through two private inflatable jumping rooms on then to the party room for food and cake. For kids 34″ and bigger. Visit website.
- The Rec Room (Berkeley) Lovely play space for small children. Paper goods, coffee, tea and water included. $475 for 2 hour private party, unlimited guests. View website.
- Sport Fencing Center (Richmond) 90-minute party includes an introduction to swordplay followed by fun fencing games. Equipment and table and chairs provided. BYO food, beverages, and utensils. $399 for up to 12 people, and $20 for each additional. Visit website.
- theCoderSchool (Berkeley) Party guests can code a game of their own plus enjoy unplugged time in the coder lounge with puzzles and foosball. Prices start at $279 for up to 6 coders ($25 per additional) if you bring food & drinks. Visit website.
- Taro Origami (Rockridge) Each guest will fold, decorate, and take home creations guided by staff. $450/party (up to 15 kids). Does not include food, but refreshments and cake can be set up in the back of the studio. Visit website.
- Trapeze Arts (Oakland) Guests will participate in 2 or 3 circus activities, depending on their age. 4-6 year old party does not include trapeze while over age 6 does. Get Party Package details on website. Prices vary.
- Wheelhouse (Richmond) Bring your own everything to the party room and reserve one or two lanes for guests to practice batting. Parties begin at $250 for 2 hours with 1 hour in party room and 1 in the cages. Visit website.
Birthday Party Entertainment: Face painters, Art, Music, Magic, Bounce Houses, Princesses, and More
{sponsored listings}
|Play-well Teknologies (LEGO) You provide the kids and space, they bring 20,000 pieces of LEGO and guides to lead the projects based on a chosen theme. Prices vary. Visit the website.
|Rockin' Kids Birthdays
Stephanie Pepitone, host of the Rockin' Kids Sing-Along, plays acoustic guitar and leads children in 45 minutes of an interactive performance. Family sing-along & instrument petting zoo best for ages 1 – 7. Live Music Karaoke Party perfect for ages 8 and older. More info >
|Mike Della Penna, Magician
Mike offers a variety of magic show packages. A favorite performer at area preschools, libraries and family venues like Children's Fairyland. Known for captivating the 3- to 7-year-old crowd with his laughter-filled, participatory magic shows. Parties start at $300. More info >
|Local Food Adventures
Treat your birthday kid and friends to a yummy pizza party and informative Rockridge Ice Cream and Gelato tour. Plates, balloons, goody bags included! Accommodations for allergies available. $395 for up to 16 guests (children and adults). Read about Local Food Adventures birthday. More info & book >
|Cooking Round the World
Two-hour cooking party that's 100% experiential: prep, cook eat! Choose one of 5 International party flavors. Ideal for ages 5 – 14. $400 includes all food, cookware, paper goods, props, and the teaching skills of a culinary professional for up to 12 guests. More info >
|Dinosaurs Rock
They bring the museum to your home. Dinosaurs Rock parties include museum-grade exhibit, interactive show, real take-home fossils, and games. Gems, Insects & Oceans themes too. Costs $495 for up to 12 kids ages 3 to 13. Optional add-ons: goody bags, fossil excavation. Visit website.
|Bot Bash
Kids learn core concepts of physics and engineering while having a blast destroying each others' robots in a controlled, safe environment. Bot Bash parties are two hours long and can be at your house or their HQ. Recommended for ages 6+. Basic $350 party includes 16 kids. Visit website.
|Drumming Magic
Interactive drumming on buckets and frame drums along with dancing and singing for 45-60 minutes with gifted musical facilitator, Mika Scott. Costs $200 to $300 depending on size of group. Visit website.
{more birthday party entertainment and activity ideas, listed alphabetically}
- All Star Showgrams Character impersonators perform songs and activities. The basic package includes 3 activities for one hour at $200-$250. Visit the website to browse choices.
- Andy Zandy offers action-adventure themed entertainment for high-energy kids age 3-8. Jedi, Ninja, Superhero, and Pirate shows available. Visit website for pricing.
- Bri & The "Silly Circus Show" will bring non-stop giggles to your party, featuring juggling, magic, illusion, and physical comedy. Ages 4-6. $250/30 minutes. Visit website.
- Barrel Full of Monkeys offers clown magic, bubbles, glitter tattoo, balloons, and more for many ages. Visit website to inquire about prices.
- Bay Area Jump Rent bouncy houses in all shapes and sizes for use in your yard or a park (check with the local city's policies!) for $145-$405 for the day depending on options. Visit website for details.
- Different Drummer Dance Party Choose a ballet, hip hop, or musical theater dance party for ages 3-12. 60 min party includes customized dance lesson, costumes, a craft. $200 for 8 kids. More info >
- Drea Lusion Invite a character — from circus to princess to superhero — to your party; games, face paint, balloon art options, too. Visit website for quote & details.
- Little Folkies Music Parties with an acoustic vibe. A few performance options change the party based on the kid. Contact for pricing. Visit website for details.
- Look at You! (extreme face-painting) This face painting is a work of art with full face transformation using high-quality, skin-friendly, professional makeup. Balloon twisting included. Call 510-815-3994 for a quote or visit Facebook for gallery >.
- Mr. SHAP is a balloon artist and magician entertainer who performs for children and adults of ALL ages. Be dazzled. Visit website.
- Ricky Roo & Friends puppet show will fill a party with laughter and fun. Best for guests aged 2 to 7. $249 for up to 30 children. Visit website.
- Roleplaying Adventure with Jake turns your party into a self-contained adventure. Jake can lead parties for 3-12 kids, where a typical session runs 2 to 3 hours. Recommended for ages 8+. Contact Jake for pricing. Read our review of Jake's DnD party.
- Sing Along With Grampa Clyde performs song circles for little kids (30 – 45 minutes) for 30 min. Visit website.
- Techsplosion Hands-on Science Choose from 90-minute Minecraft Survival or LEGO Robot Battle birthday parties led by the enthusiastic Techsplosion team. $375 for up to 12 children; Best for ages 7 to 15. See our profile of Techsplosion birthday parties or visit website.
- Viola's Notes Viola offers a 30 minute music and movement class for birthday parties of up to 12 children ages 2-5. Visit website.
- Vivarium Traveling Reptile Program Expect a fun and educational one-hour programs featuring between 20 and 30 amazing creatures. Pay $300 plus travel for a weekend booking, discounts for weekdays. Visit the website.
- X-Fit Training Lil Ninja Warrior birthday parties are hosted in El Cerrito's community center or your own home. $200 gets you 120 minutes for 15 kids, with a variety of activities to choose from. Visit website.
Outdoor Birthday Party Places
{local outdoor birthday party locations, listed alphabetically}
- Adventure Playground (Berkeley Marina) You'll want to set up for a picnic outside the grounds of Adventure Playground in Shorebird Park. All groups larger than 5 children require a reservation with fees for safety reasons; 5-10 kids cost $75/2 hours. Learn about throwing a party at Adventure Playground. Visit the website to book.
- Arlington Park (El Cerrito) Great for all ages. Via the El Cerrito Rec Department, rent Arlington Park or Castro Park Clubhouse, which can accommodate up to 50 people seated. Tables and chairs provided. Call 510-559-7004 for more information. Don't forget to pay extra for a bathroom key!
- Berkeley Public Parks These outdoor Berkeley picnic facilities requires permit and registration: Aquatic Park, Codornices, Live Oak, Ohlone, Strawberry Creek. All other City of Berkeley parks are first come first served. Visit the website to check availability.
- Cesar Chavez Park (Berkeley Marina) The no-frills picnic benches are available first come, first serve with a 5-minute walk to outhouse bathrooms. Very fun location for a kite-flying party. Read our post about throwing your own kite birthday party.
- Children's Fairyland (Oakland) – Fairyland hosts catered birthday parties (they supply cupcakes and ice cream) in one of three themed party areas. Price includes rides, puppets, Children's Theatre, and special performances all day long for each guest (10 child minimum). Visit the website.
- Crab Cove (Alameda) hosts nature exploration parties for children ages 3 to 12 based on either bay critters or reptiles. Read our post about Crab Cove parties.
- Golden Tee GolfLand (Castro Valley) The main birthday party includes 90 minutes in the party room or patio; 18 holes of mini golf and arcade tokens; and 2 XL pizzas, 2 liters of soda. BYO cake. Arcade party also available. $15.99/person with a 10 person minimum. Read our mini golf birthday party or visit website.
- Lake Merritt Kayaking Party (Oakland) Read about how we assembled a Lake Merritt boating birthday party >
- Sulphur Creek Nature Center (Hayward) Sulphur Creek's naturalist will lead a customized 1 hour presentation with live animals, crafts, games, hikes or puppet shows plus 2 additional hours at the park on your own. Also available as a mobile party at your home. Can be customized for ages 1 through adult. $220 for residents of Hayward; $275 for non-residents. Visit website.
- Tilden Steam Trains (Berkeley) First come, first served for the picnic tables located up the hill from the trains (in between the two parking lots). Free for those under 2, 5 rides for $12, so we'll call it $60 for 25 ride tickets. Invite just one other family, and we think this is an excellent second birthday "party" idea.
- 10 more free and cheap party places that are mostly outdoors!
Birthday cakes, cupcakes, ice cream cakes, and more
- Baskin Robbins (Emeryville, Alameda, El Cerrito) Choose a creative ice cream cake from their gallery or build your own. Visit the website to customize and order online.
- Ben & Jerry's (Berkeley, Oakland) Design your own ice cream cake; choose flavors, fillings, decorations, and the message for the top. Or walk in and grab one from the case. Call 510-900-2460 or visit website to order online.
- Costco (Richmond, San Leandro, and more) With at least 24 hours notice, Costco will decorate a chocolate or vanilla half-sheet cake for $18.99, basic decoration included. Come to the store to order in person. Membership required.
- CREAM (Berkeley, Oakland) Two choices for CREAM at your birthday party: pre-made ice cream sandwiches served cold or CREAM Experience with staffers serving up cold ice cream with hot cookies. See website for details
- Fentons Creamery (Oakland) Ice cream cakes are made to order. Choose cake flavor & ice cream flavor. 6″ round cake starts at $35.95. Full sheet cake is $62.95. One-week notice required. Call 510-658-7000 or visit the website.
- James and the Giant Cupcake (Oakland x2) Cupcakes and cakes are available for pre-order by phone or online. Visit website.
- Love at First Bite (Berkeley) Requires 48 hours advance notice for custom cake and cupcake orders. Delivery also available. Call 510-848-5727 or visit the website.
- Mariposa Baking Company (Oakland) has a variety of cakes, cupcakes, cookies and other treats that are perfect for birthday celebrations – all of which are Gluten-Free! Visit website.
- Rainbow Donuts (Berkeley) Check out a tall tower of donuts in lieu of cake. We like the unicorn donuts at Rainbow and lots of other donut spots.
- Taste of Denmark (Oakland) Freshly baked specialty cakes with Scandinavian flair. Call 510-420-8889 or visit the website.
- Tucker's Super Creamed Ice Cream (Alameda) A favorite place in Alameda for ice cream cakes decorated with any theme. Call 510-522-4960 or visit the website.
- Whole Foods Market (Berkeley, Oakland) Order delicious customized cakes for all occasions! Choose a delicious standard flavor in store or by phone and it will (usually!) be ready for you the next day. Cakes start at $19.95. Visit website.
Birthday Party Decorations
Don't stress whether you're looking for a bubble maker, photo backdrop, or paper products, it's going to be great.
- Lemon Blossom Creations (your place) brings all the paper goods and decorations for your theme to your place. Basic package starts at $300 for 12 guests. Visit the website for more info.
- Paper Plus Outlet (Berkeley) is the go-to place for helium balloon art and party supplies. Visit website.
- Pippa & Co (Alameda, Berkeley). Independent shop specializing in unique and handmade party decor, celebration accessories and gifts. Visit website.
All decisions for this guide were made by Heather and Whitney, founders of 510families.com, we apologize for any errors or glaring omissions. Promotional consideration was paid by sponsored listings as indicated. If you'd like to be considered for future Birthday Party Guides, please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com for information.
Please note that prices are current to the best of our knowledge as of November 2018 and may change over time. Check with vendor for current pricing and availability. Happy birthday to you!


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Hawthorn - useful properties. Useful properties of hawthorn healers known since ancient times.
Ripe fruits of hawthorn contain a part of the organic acid and ascorbic acid, fructose, starch, saponins, flavonoids and carotene.
With the growth of shoots and fruits of hawthorn they accumulate valuable substances such as sorbitol, choline, krategovaya acid, essential oils and vitamins - C, group B Hawthorn common in folk and official medicine is most often used as a cordial.
Hawthorn berries are useful in angina pectoris, tachycardia, functional disorders of the heart.
Preparations based hawthorn used to enhance circulation of blood vessels and brain, as central nervous system depressant, to stimulate blood flow in the coronary vessels to relieve physical and mental fatigue.
On the basis of established drug hawthorn fruit "Kardiovalen" which practically non-toxic, lowers the level of cholesterol in the blood and stimulates the heart.
Hawthorn - useful properties. At Hawthorn useful all parts of the plant.
Shoots, flowers and berries can be used instead of the usual tea.
Drink of the hawthorn is very fragrant, tasty and healthy, it can be drunk at frequent stress, feelings, atherosclerosis, hypertension, arrhythmia.
Tea from the fruit of the hawthorn and wild rose, taken in equal parts, perfectly improves circulation of blood vessels.
Hawthorn tincture (available in pharmacies) is recommended to take 20 - 25 drops three times a day 15 minutes before meals.
Instead of tincture suit and a decoction of the fruit. To make it, pour 20 g of hawthorn fruit cup boiling water, boil on low heat for 10 minutes, then drain and add boiling water to the original amount.
Take a decoction of one tablespoon before meals three times a day.
Do you like the article, press 1, and all the buttons, tell her friends and friends.
Site is not a guide to self-medication. Before using certain recipes require mandatory consultation of the doctor!
Over creation of a site worked: Kitty Uno, Leonida Glickson, Ahmed Wormely, Shayne Verburg, Chong Tighe, Joie Cirella, Genevive Stutsman, Ana Guillama, Dionne Siskind.
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The Problem
Every child belongs in a safe and loving family. That's why our goal for the millions of American children who are neglected, abused, or orphaned is to help their families heal, when possible, and to make foster care more loving and far less traumatic, when it is needed.
But right now, the child welfare system – the state and county government agencies charged with this responsibility – has been stretched beyond its expertise and capacity. The system places too many poor and minority children in foster care who could be kept safely at home, shuffles children between multiple foster homes and institutions, and further traumatizes them at each step.
This isn't just devastating for individual children and their families – the failures of the child welfare system are at the root of some our nation's biggest challenges. As many as 70 percent of youth in the juvenile justice system have been in the child welfare system. One-third of homeless young adults were previously in foster care. And as a result of our country's disparate treatment of black and white families, black children are twice as likely as white children to wind up in foster care and land on its conveyer belt to other broken systems.
This system is failing.
- 1 in 8 American children is abused or neglected by age 18
- 1 in 17 kids enters foster care
- The rate of foster care placement increases to 1 in 9 for Black children and 1 in 7 for Native American children
- 70% of juvenile justice-involved youth have been in foster care
- 50% of foster youth will not graduate from high school on time
- 48% of girls in foster care become pregnant by age 19
- 60% of child trafficking victims have histories in foster care
- 33% of homeless young adults were previously in foster care
- Kids in foster care are 4x more likely than other children to attempt suicide


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BITCOIN prices took a hit after the US Security Exchange Commission announced all digital assets trading companies will have to register with the federal agency. But CoinDesk director of research Nolan Bauerle said cryptocurrency regulation is "not a threat" to the bitcoin industry. -»
Bitcoin price: Cryptocurrency regulation will NOT THREATEN its success, claims expert Reviewed by Unknown on 09 March Rating:


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When you place your order, you may qualify for a discount.
Orders $75.00 to $124.00 qualify for a 10% discount. Use code 10 OFF when checking out.
Orders $125.00 to $199.00 qualify for a 15% discount. Use code 15 OFF when checking out.
Orders $200.00 and over qualify for a 20% discount. Use code 20 OFF.
These discounts do not apply towards collages.
Collage Sizes & Pricing:
11x14 $95 12x18 $120
16x20 $170 20x30 $220
Art Wall 30x40 contact me
This year I am returning to printing the photos myself and your order will be available at my office, Morris Chiropractic Clinic (across from McDonalds in Delphos). I will send an email when they will be available for pick up. Digital downloads will be sent directly to you.
You are always free to contact me with questions.
Thank you!


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Councillors for St Mary's will be holding regular informal drop-in sessions starting Saturday 5th August 2017.
These sessions are an opportunity for the public to meet councillors and raise any ideas or concerns they might have. The sessions will take place twice a month in the Old Wesleyan Chapel on St Mary's.
Members will be available at each session. There is no need to make an appointment, just pop along at the times below.
First Saturday of the month
9am to 11am
Last Tuesday of the month
5pm to 7pm
The surgeries are being organised by Cllr Robert Francis. If you have any questions, don't hesitate to contact Robert on 07775 568 242 or by email on firstname.lastname@example.com.


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RTIS® Helps Schools and Universities Optimize Energy, Reduce Costs, and Improve Sustainability
As K-12 schools and universities face shrinking budgets and rising costs, their choices likely entail budget cuts, program eliminations and personnel reductions. As a result, energy management has become more important as these unique challenges pressure the programs essential to students and their communities.
Using the RTIS® energy analytics platform, A&M Energy Analytics' can help schools identify and mitigate inefficient energy practices and wasted energy usage, improve sustainability performance, and create opportunities in their budgets to offset some of the fiscal challenges.
RTIS® Offers Schools the Following Benefits:
- Lower Energy Expenses
- Lower Maintenance Costs
- Anticipate Periods of High Energy Costs and Pollution
- Utility Bill Analysis and Optimization
- Benchmark Equipment, Buildings and Campuses
- Optimize Building Usage Schedules
- Improve Sustainability


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Some Top drawer witty material used in this modest sketch animation by YouTube channel Ross Browne. The description Browne gives for his comedy offering is "Ross presents an animated sketch about the beginning of the birds' rebellion." Credit – Ross BrowneRead More »
Home / Tag Archives: Rebellion
NEW Irish Comedy Movie: THE FLAG
THE FLAG tells the story of Harry Hambridge (Pat Shortt ) who is a down-on-his-luck paddy living in London. In one day he loses his job, father and beloved pet hamster, Mouse. On returning home to Ireland to bury his father, he finds a statement from his Grandfather, claiming that …Read More »