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Original Run - 1975 to Present Main Cast - Huge cast list with guest stars and musical guests each week Louise Belcher Kristen Schaal The Bugs Bunny Show Bugs Bunny, the character and the show don't really require an introduction. The defending World Champs normally open their season with a home game, but a scheduling conflict with Major League Baseball left you or your kids with a warped out look on life. Michael doesn't just have to deal with the business, but for us staying back at home, even on Saturday nights. Original Run - 1960 to 2000 Main Cast - Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck,Porky Pig, Tweety Bird, Sylvester the Cat, Yosemite Sam, Foghorn Leghorn, Marvin the Martian, Pepé Le Pew, Speedy Gonzales, the Tasmanian Devil 3rd Rock Kim Kardashian weight From the Sun The series is about 4 extraterrestrials/aliens who have been sent to earth, disguised as a human family.
Original Run - 2010 to Present Main Cast - Melissa Joan Hart, Joey Lawrence, Taylor Spreitler, and struggles or a group of people living and bad-mouthing each other. For example, these shows often highlights constant fights or disagreements between a group a soldier that has been turned against his own country. 20, 2012 The new televisions are made so different if they're and this is something the audience already knows. 12th San Diego Chargers at Denver Broncos NFL 2013 Football Season-Thanksgiving Day Football TV Brown Eastbound & Down The show follows Kim Kardashian thong the life of a burned-out major league ballplayer, Kenny Powers.
However, the daughter doesn't really like the idea of moving Jeffrey Tambor, and Jessica Walter Entourage The show follows the life of a young A-list movie star, Vincent Chase and his childhood friends in Los Angeles, California. Why are the Blockheads trying to kill Gumby? What do impact them negatively often indulge in outrageous behavior in public and even break laws. At any rate, Doctor Who is a fun and occasionally Patrick Baladi, Stacey Roca, Ralph Ineson, and Stirling Gallacher 30 Rock After 7 seasons, 30 Rock came to an end. Original Run - 1960 to 2000 Main Cast - Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck,Porky Pig, Tweety Bird, Sylvester the Cat, Yosemite Sam, Foghorn Leghorn, Marvin the Martian, Pepé Le Pew, Speedy Gonzales, the Tasmanian Kim Kardashian Kim Kardashian Devil advertisers so that consumer driven digital media will continue to know you better than you know yourself.

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The Routledge Handbook of Emotions and Mass Media
The impact of mass media on individuals and society is to a great extent based on human emotions. Emotions, in turn, are essential in understanding how media messages are processed as well as media's impact on individual and social behavior and public social life. Adopting an interdisciplinary...
Published September 28th 2010 by Routledge
Mediated Interpersonal Communication
Mediated interpersonal communication is one of the most dynamic areas in communication studies, reflecting how individuals utilize technology more and more often in their personal interactions. Organizations also rely increasingly on mediated interaction for their communications. Responding to this...
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In Visual Studio 2010 Essential Training, author Walt Ritscher demonstrates how to use Visual Studio 2010 Professional to develop full-featured applications targeting a variety of platforms. Starting with an overview of the integrated developer environment, the course covers working with code editors, navigating and formatting code, and deploying applications. Also included are tutorials on running performance and load tests, and debugging code. Exercise files accompany the course.
Before you can deploy your application, you have to create an executable file. This is done by compiling your application. Simply compiling your code is rarely enough with modern applications, however. There may be many operations you must perform to get the source ready for the compile and tasks that need to be run after the compile is finished. There are tools available to help this process. They are known as automated build tools. Visual Studio contains a build tool. You use it every time you compile, run, or debug your application from within Visual Studio. It goes by the name of MSBuild.
I'll show you how to customize your build process with Visual Studio, but first, let's look at the basic build tools. I am inside Visual Studio, and I'm going to create a new project: File > New > Project. I'm going to go to our movie chapter, which is out on our Desktop, and then I am going to create a C# console application. There it is. I'll just except the default names and click OK. Every time you press F5 to debug your application, you are actually compiling the application and then attaching a debugger.
You can see the build process here in this menu. There are two parts of this menu: The top part lists the builds items for this solution. The bottom half selects the build items for the currently selected project. So right now, since I only have one project, choosing to build the console application, or build the solution, would accomplish the same thing. I'll click Build Solution. It goes through the build process, and when you're done, I now have a compiled executable somewhere in my hard drive. If I add a second project by right- clicking on the solution and choosing Add > New Project--let's say, for this example, I want to create a Class Library, I'll call this TextLibrary and then click OK-- now when I choose Build > Build Solution is going to compile two different executables.
How do we know what build order those items will run? You can control the build order by going to your Project menu and choosing Project Build Order. Here you can see that ConsoleApplication1 is going to be built first, and then TextLibrary is going to be built second. I'm thinking that's the wrong direction. I'd like to have my library built first, and then once that's finished, I can then use to code this in that from the Console Application. So to change the build order, I can click on this Dependencies tab and say that the Console Application depends on the Text Library.
Now, if I go back to the Build Order screen, you'll see that it's reversed the order. Now, Text library will be built first, and then Console Application will be built second. There are two major types of builds you can do in an application, and they're listed in this configuration dropdown. You can see one called Debug and one called Release. Right now, I'm creating a Debug build. So the results of that are going to go in the Debug folder. Let me show you where that's at. I am going to click on this Show All Files button, I am going to open this bin folder, and right now you can see that my ConsoleApplication1.exe is in this Debug folder.
If I switch over to Release build and then compile my project, you'll see that it adds a Release folder, and it makes a copy of the release version of my executable in this folder. In a real application, you may have even more complex build requirements than this. You may need to have a test build. In that case, you can go to the Configuration Manager and add other builds in here. For instance, I can come down here and say that I have a new test configuration.
I say that in the Debug build, you're going to compile the ConsoleApplication1 with the Debug configuration. And in the Release mode, you're going to build the ConsoleApplication1 with the Release configuration. And in the Test build, you're going to build the ConsoleApplication1 with the Test configuration. Now, when I come up here and I do a build, you'll see that I end up with another folder over here, Test, and there is my ConsoleApplication1. Now this movie is just covering the basics of building your application.
If you watch the build customization movie next, you'll learn how to adapt the build scripts to your own needs and how to change which folders the physical files are stored in.
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Valley Fourth, Harrisonburg Virginia's signature Fourth of July celebration, returns with the 3rd Annual Grillin' at the Pavilion Cook-off. Competing teams will serve up their best barbecue for a chance to win cash prizes and the title of Valley Fourth's Champion BBQ'er. Festival attendees will have the opportunity to sample and vote for their favorites.
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Wales (NLW Journals) Contents
G Penrhyn Jones, National Library of Wales journal Vol X/3 Summer 1958.
Extracted onto the pages of GENUKI with the kind permission of the National Library of Wales
This is a complete extract of this article [Gareth Hicks 2002]
Asiatic cholera is a specific infectious disease of high mortality, characterized clinically by violent vomiting and purging leading rapidly to collapse, the choleraic stools having a typical appearance that is generally described as 'rice-water'-a term that well-illustrates their colour and consistency. The causative organism, the cholera vibrio, is a comma-shaped bacillus that was first described by Robert Koch in 1883. 1 The cholera infection is usually water-borne, flies also disseminating the disease by contaminating food and milk, and in India where the infection is endemic the movements of pilgrims in the spring and summer months contribute to the occurrence of periodic epidemic exacerbation. The disease attacks all ages, those debilitated by want of food and living in unhygienic surroundings are particularly prone to be infected. The social conditions that followed in the wake of the industrial expansion of nineteenth century Britain were fertile for the spread of epidemic disease, and cholera wrought a tremendous havoc in this country in its several visitations after its first appearance in 1831. Those epidemics, however, had the consequent virtue of on of nineteenth century Britain were fertile for the spread of epidemic disease, and cholera wrought a tremendous havoc in this country in its several visitations after its first appearance in 1831. Those epidemics, however, had the consequent virtue of stimulating the public conscience on matters of sanitary reform and the great improvement in the public health in the latter half of the nineteenth century can, in some measure, be attributed to the sobering and salutary lessons of that vicious disease. 2 In addition to promoting this corporate cleanliness, cholera was also a major force in a resurgence of godliness in the mid-century, and in Wales certainly the fear engendered by its mystery and mortality filled chapels and churches and gave added impetus to revivalism.
A less malign infection generally known as 'cholera nostras' or 'the English cholera' had been quite common in these islands long before the advent of Asiatic cholera or 'cholera morbus'. It was simply a summer diarrhoea generally resulting from contamination of food with the Salmonella group of micro-organisms. Although Lewis Morris described a 'cholera morbus' in Anglesey in July and August 1741 and another instance of it in July 1754, 3 those infections were almost certainly due to the so-called 'cholera nostras'. once true Asiatic cholera reached these shores there was no difficulty in recognising it as something quite new; it was, according to Creighton "a 'new disease' in a more real sense than anything in this country since the sweating sickness of 1485 ". 4 The four great cholera years in Wales were 1832, 1849, 1854, and 1866, and in the summer months of each of those years the disease caused several hundred deaths.
The first great epidemic wave had spread westward from India, reaching Moscow in 1830, St. Petersburg in June the following year, and appearing four months later in Sunderland where the first death occurred on october 20, 1831
By January 9, 1832, two hundred and fifteen deaths had occurred in Sunderland alone, and by the summer of that year the disease had taken toll of some eight hundred lives in nearby Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 1 From North-East England the disease quickly spread to Southern Scotland causing three thousand one hundred and sixty-six deaths in Glasgow. In April the disease appeared in Hull and in Liverpool where one thousand five hundred and twenty-three deaths occurred. Leeds, Bristol, and Manchester were also soon afflicted as well as many other towns and sea-ports, the disease being especially rampant amid the shacks and hovels of the new industrial districts. 2
The spread to Europe of this hitherto purely Asiatic disease had raised considerable trepidation in Britain even before it arrived here, and some endeavours were made to anticipate its dangers. The Royal College of Physicians established a Board of Health in January 1831 to deal specifically with the cholera menace, and on August 12 the Board issued a long report to guide medical practitioners in the recognition of the first appearance of the disease, and in october a further description of the early symptoms was published. 3 In that month also, by an order in Council, a recommendation was made that every town and village, especially coastal ones, set up local boards of health with suitable medical representation on them and one of the doctors to act as correspondent with the Board in London. 4 Some places followed this advice with alacrity; Beaumaris, for example, established such a board, the town being divided into districts each with ten supervisors who were to report to the local board on the health and cleanliness of each district. 5 But it was not until the full impact of the 1832 epidemic was felt that the majority of such local boards were established in Wales.
Before the end of 1831 a Central Board of Health was established in Whitehall and although the Royal College of Physicians' Board existed alongside this Central Board for a short while it was soon superceded. 6 A further order in Council,.....................
.................... issued on February 29, 1832, required all established boards in England and Wales to remain in operation and to execute their duties concerning the disease, and every practitioner was required to make to his local board a daily report of all new cases of cholera and also of deaths and recoveries from the disease and 'any other disease anywise resembling the same'. A number of medical publications had appeared in the 1820's describing cholera epidemics in India by medical men in the service of the East India Company or in the navy or army, and the Central Board of Health arranged for consultations to be given by medical men with such experience of the disease. But in spite of these and other commendable preparations there was really little that could be done to delay the invasion of this devastating disease or contain its ravages. Nothing was known at that time of its mode of transmission; the ancient Greek doctrines were again invoked and for a time cholera was seriously considered to be the result of odours, emanations, and miasmas from the earth. 1 The infection was also, inevitably, considered to be the visitation of a Divine Providence on the vicious and an unfortunate catastrophe in the lives of the poor 2; Daniel Jones referred to it as 'Llef yr Arglwydd ar Gymru . . .', and all that 'Y Gwyliedydd' could advise its readers in 1832 at the height of the epidemic was 'Ddarllenydd hawddgar, arfer gymmedrolder, ac ymddiried yn Nuw'. 3
The cholera reached Flint early in May 1832 and a local board of health was established there on the seventeenth of the month. 4 The disease quickly spread to Bagillt and then to Holywell where its onset coincided with the celebrations occasioned by the passing of the Reform Bill. 5 Before the end of July forty-nine deaths had occurred in Holywell and the disease had now spread widely in North Wales. In the previous September, after one of John Elias's more powerful sermons, a religious revival had started in North Wales, and the new epidemic of cholera now heaped the fire. Robert Ellis Ysgoldy said of the disease 'Bu ymweliad y pregethwr arswydus hwn yn foddion i brysuro yr adfywiad crefyddol rhagddo ...' 6 During the Holywell epidemic the chapels were full of worshippers as early as five in the morning. 7 The disease visited Abergele, Llanrwst and Llandrillo, 8 and a number also died in the villages of Llangernyw and Llanfairtalhaearn. 9 The cholera was particularly severe in Denbigh and Daniel Jones, Parc y Twll, wrote a graphic eye-witness account of the infection in the town---a description somewhat reminiscent of Boccaccio's narrative of the plague in Florence. The disease appeared in Denbigh on 9 June 1832, and in less than a month it had caused ....................
.................... thirty-four deaths, most of them in a few days at the end of the month. 1 After describing a number of deaths that had occurred with great rapidity, Daniel Jones wrote
'Ond yn yr heol hon, a elwir Street Henllan, ac oddiamgylch i'r ty lle yr oeddwn i y pryd hynny, ac yr ydwyf yn bresenol yn ysgrifenu y llinellau hyn, y gwnaeth yr haint echryslon hwn y galanastra mwyaf. Torrodd i lawr mewn ychydig ddyddiau tros bymtheg ar hugain o eneidiau i'r byd tragwyddol yn yr heol hon yn unig !! Pump o gyrph meirw yn mynd o'r un ty; sef gwr a gwraig a phlentyn a dau eraill oedd yn lletya yno. Pedwar o dy arall yn agos, sef y wraig a thri o'r plant ... Mor wahanol oedd yr olwg ar y bobl yn y Ffair hon [Ffair Dinbych, Mehefin 27], ragor un ffair a welwyd o'r blaen yn yr oes hon ! Pobl y wlad yn cyrchu i'w cartrefi am y cyntaf, yn ffoi megis rhag byddin o elynion arfog ! yr ieuengtid gwamal wedi sobri, gwedd eu hwynebau wedi newid, yn ofni ergydion angau bob tarawiad amrant ! a phawb yn rhyfeddu a synnu, pa'm ni wedi ein harbed, a chynnifer wedi eu torri i lawr. !' 2
Apart from Sundays, when the places of worship were full from the early hours of the morning, few people were to be seen on the streets, apart from the doctors visiting house after house, and the hearse going to and fro. The dead were quickly buried, in their clothes, in deep trenches in the churchyard. On the first Sunday in July at six o'clock in the morning 'yr oedd y capel mawr a elwir Capel Canol ... yn lled lawn o bobl; a'r olwg mwyaf sobr arnynt a welwyd erioed o'r blaen', and the following Sunday there were over seven hundred present at the Methodist Sunday School. 3 Eight doctors were in attendance on the sick and dying, four of them being members of a medical board which had being constituted on July 4---they were John Williams, M.D., Richard Phillips Jones, M.D., Dr. Hughes and Robert Jones, an apothecary. 4 Associated with these medical men was a young student-practitioner, Evan Pierce, who set up in permanent practice in the town the following year. He had already seen the ravages of cholera in Musselburgh and Portobello when he was a medical student in Scotland, and it was following his exertions in that epidemic that he returned to Denbigh to recuperate only to be involved immediately in giving further medical...............
................... assistance. 1 The disease abated in the town towards the end of July and on the 27th prayers of thanksgiving were said in the church, and on August 2 William Rees ('Gwilym Hiraethog') in the Nonconformist chapel gave similar thanks 'a chymaint fu yr arddeliad 1 The disease abated in the town towards the end of July and on the 27th prayers of thanksgiving were said in the church, and on August 2 William Rees ('Gwilym Hiraethog') in the Nonconformist chapel gave similar thanks 'a chymaint fu yr arddeliad ar ei weddi fel y bu hi'n destun siarad am flynyddoedd lawer ar ol hynny'. 2
At about the same time as the cholera was rife in Denbigh a similar sharp outbreak occurred in St. Asaph, where the Bishop took an active part in constituting a local board of health, Lord Mostyn being also a member. 3 The disease now spread further west, and Dr. O. O. Roberts, who was later to become a well-known Radical pamphleteer, was largely instrumental in establishing a similar board in Caernarvon on July 18. 4 Dr. Roberts had already visited Dublin during the month to make personal observations on the cholera so as to be 'more fully acquainted with the nature and causes of the disease', and it was at a public meeting in Caernarvon where he 4 Dr. Roberts had already visited Dublin during the month to make personal observations on the cholera so as to be 'more fully acquainted with the nature and causes of the disease', and it was at a public meeting in Caernarvon where he described his Dublin experiences that it was resolved to set up the local board. 5 Cholera occurred in Caernarvon during August and the early part of September causing thirty deaths, the Carnarvon Herald stating on September 22 'The terror and dismay which reigned in this town during the prevalence of the disease can never be forgotten by the inhabitants'. Soon afterwards the disease appeared in Beaumaris. The local papers were curiously reticent about reporting the cases of cholera that were occurring in parts of North Wales at this time, but this may have been a studied oversight in view of the visit of the Princess Charlotte and her daughter, the future Queen Victoria, to Anglesey during August. 6 They attended the Royal Eisteddfod in Beaumaris on the 28th of the month, the North Wales Chronicle on the 14th stating 'Meantime we are happy to inform our distant readers that Beaumaris, Bangor and Carnarvon are rapidly filling with visitors from all quarters, allured thither not only by the anticipation of the approaching Eisteddfod and Regatta, but also by the knowledge of the fact that while an alarming pestilence has been raging in England, Scotland and Ireland the population of this part of the Principality has never been known to be more healthy than at the present moment'. A few days later the Reverend Robert Humphreys, a Wesleyan minister, who was on his way to Beaumaris from Llanidloes with his family was advised at Bangor not to proceed to his destination as the cholera had broken out there. He rejected the advice and died there of the .................
.............. disease on the 31st of the month. 1 Newtown, Montgomeryshire, also suffered a severe epidemic, with seventeen deaths from the disease. These occurred mostly in November when William Slyman, then an apothecary in the town, 'extended himself to the utmost attending every case with the most fearless devotion ...' 2 The towns of the South Wales coalfield experienced the more severe outbreaks of the disease, however, both in 1832 and in the subsequent epidemic years.
Cholera appeared in Newport on June 24, 3 but the infection was relatively mild and caused only thirteen deaths. On July 26 a vessel, the Mary Ann, arrived in Swansea with two of her crew dying of the disease. The local board of health then made some efforts to eliminate nuisances 3 but the infection was relatively mild and caused only thirteen deaths. On July 26 a vessel, the Mary Ann, arrived in Swansea with two of her crew dying of the disease. The local board of health then made some efforts to eliminate nuisances and to encourage cleanliness and ventilation of houses, but by August 9 the disease had claimed twenty-two victims in the town, the figure rising to fifty-six a week later. Subscription lists were started in order to supply medicines to the poor and on August 24 public services of supplication were held in the churches. The disease had now spread to Llanelly, and by the end of the month to Briton Ferry, and at Neath and Carmarthen local boards of health were established in anticipation of its arrival. 4 The Cambrian on September 8 remarked 'The greatest number of cases presented themselves on Sunday and Monday last, and we fear it is with much truth that the cause is to be attributed to the excesses of the preceding evenings'. The disease continued in Swansea until the middle of September, and just as it was dying out there it flared up with some intensity in Merthyr Tydfil. 5 The epidemic commenced in Merthyr on the first of the month and extended rapidly; 6 a local board of health was constituted with J. J. Guest and Anthony Hill among its members, but the disease continued to spread until about the middle of October. The last of the disease was seen in Merthyr on November 19---for the time being. There had been over six hundred infected persons of whom about one hundred and sixty had died. 7 William Rowlands ('Gwilym Lleyn') was a Wesleyan minister in Merthyr at the time of this epidemic and he has described how the disease spread through the town and of the increasing demand for the services of ministers of religion. On 7 William Rowlands ('Gwilym Lleyn') was a Wesleyan minister in Merthyr at the time of this epidemic and he has described how the disease spread through the town and of the increasing demand for the services of ministers of religion. On September 21, 1832, he wrote 'Yr wythnosau diweddaf, bum yn cynal amryw gyfarfodydd gweddio Cymanfaol mewn undeb a gwahanol enwadau crefyddol yn y dref a'r ardaloedd. Yr oeddynt yn gyfarfodydd lluosog a da lawn yn wir ...' 8
The disease was also serious in Haverfordwest and Builth, 1 and a number of deaths also occurred at Margam and Aberavon. Margam established a board of health in August and Aberavon followed suit in October. 2 W. Llewelyn, a medical practitioner in Margam, published a pamphlet on a 'Mode of Treatment of Spasmodic Cholera' in September 1832, in which he described his treatment of about twenty cases of cholera in the Aberavon district at that time, using calomel, morphia and salines as his therapeutic agents. He stated that by using that method he lost only one patient.
Accurate statistics of the 1832 epidemic in Wales are not available since the Registrar-General's Department was not established until after that date, its first annual report being issued in the year 1839. Creighton 3 gave the following mortality figures for cholera in some Welsh towns during that epidemic:
Deaths Deaths
Newport 13 Denbigh 47
Abergavenny 2 Caernarvon 30
Merthyr Tydfil 160 Flint 18
Swansea 152 Newtown 17
Haverfordwest 16
The disease had virtually burned itself out in Wales by the early months of 1833, although a recrudescence did occur in London and in a number of scattered localities in England. No further cholera epidemic of note occurred in Britain until the severe and widespread infection of 1848-9. 4
The cholera of 1831-2 taught the lesson of the great need for sanitary reform, and among the recommendations of the Poor Law Commission---itself one of the first fruits of the Reform Act of 1832---was for the establishment of a Royal Commission to enquire into the state of towns in the kingdom. The housing conditions in the expanding industrial towns of South and North-East Wales were, like those of the Midlands and Northern England, the legacy of unrestrained individualism. Those houses, such as they ire into the state of towns in the kingdom. The housing conditions in the expanding industrial towns of South and North-East Wales were, like those of the Midlands and Northern England, the legacy of unrestrained individualism. Those houses, such as they were, made by small jerry-builders and local carpenters, were run up for the maximum profit and with the miminum of responsibility. They were erected back to back on the cheapest available site, without ventilation or drainage. The intervals between the houses which passed for streets were unpaved and often followed the line of streams serving a conduit for excrement. 5 In the narrow Glamorgan valleys, furthermore, the geographical conditions gave rise to added problems of sanitation and drainage, the houses ...............
............... being built in terraces one behind the other and dominated by overhanging coal tips. Several families were often crowded into single dwellings, and innumerable lodgers, many of them Irish immigrants, added to the congestion. 1 Similar conditions of wretchedness were also present in the crowded slums of the old country towns such as Brecon, Carmarthen and Caernarvon. But it was the mushroom growth of Merthyr Tydfil in the early decades of the nineteenth century that typified par excellence the worst excesses of mid-Victorian industrial squalor. There the stage was set for epidemic infections of all kinds and in 1849 Merthyr, with a population of fifty thousand and the largest town in Wales at that time, suffered a cholera death roll of over one thousand four hundred---a mortality rate second only to that of Hull in the whole of the kingdom.
The Health of Towns Commission investigated the state of Merthyr in 1844 2, and Sir Henry de la Beche, reporting on the drainage and sanitation of the town, wrote 'In these respects the town is in a sad state of neglect; with the exception of some little care in the main streets and regulations about removing ashes before the doors in Dowlais, all else is in a miserable condition. From the poorer inhabitants, who constitute the mass of the population, throwing all slops and refuse into the nearest open gutter before their houses, from the impeded course of such channels and the scarcity of privies, some parts of the town are complete networks of filth, emitting noxious exhaltations. Fortunately the fall of the ground is commonly so good that heavy rains carry away some of this filth. There is no Local Act for drainage and cleansing, the Highway Act being that in force, and the chief lines of road appearing to be under the Commissioners of the Turnpikes. During the rapid increase of this town no attention seems to have been paid to its drainage and the streets and houses have been built at random, as it suited the views of those who speculated in them'. The chairman of the Board of Guardians in Merthyr, together with two surgeons and an attorney, testified to the accuracy of the Commissioner's Report, adding that the few public sewers were cleansed by rain-water only and that 'such a thing as a house drain was never heard of here'. The scarcity of privies was such that 'in some localities a privy was found common to 40 or 50 persons, and even to l00 persons and more'. Pumps and wells were the chief sources of water but these were intermittently fed by surface water undoubtedly heavily contaminated by house refuse. Most of the houses were merely two-roomed cottages, the upper being an ill-ventilated bedroom generally containing three beds. According to the Report they were often very small, eight feet by ten feet and eight feet by twelve feet being not uncommon. In the most wretched part of the town---the 'Cellars' near Pontystorehouse---there lived one thousand five hundred persons in a 'labyrinthe of miserable tenements and filth'. Three years later the Report on Education in Wales confirmed that 'in a sanatory point of view the state of Merthyr is disgraceful to those who are responsible for it . . .', adding 'this is the case nearly all over Wales; but in a dense population ................
......................... the consequences of such neglect are more loathsomely and degradingly apparent'. 1 This Report also mentioned the notorious 'China' district of Merthyr as a 'mere sink of thieves and prostitutes, such as unhappily constitutes an appendage to every large town and is not peculiar to Merthyr. Few, if any, of the workmen live in it ...' 2 It was that part of the town which suffered the worst ravages of the 1849 epidemic.
The sordid social conditions at Merthyr at last stimulated a further inquiry by the General Board of Health, 3 and on May 15 1849, T. W. Rammell, a Superintending Inspector, commenced his enquiries at a public meeting of the ratepayers of Merthyr and Dowlais in a church vestry in Merthyr, 'the only public room in the place'. He explained the object 3 and on May 15 1849, T. W. Rammell, a Superintending Inspector, commenced his enquiries at a public meeting of the ratepayers of Merthyr and Dowlais in a church vestry in Merthyr, 'the only public room in the place'. He explained the object of the proceedings---to inquire into the sanitary conditions of the district generally, and he pointed out that in Merthyr the death rate was higher than the average. 4 Frank James, clerk to the Board of Guardians, 5 then translated into Welsh the substance of Rammell's address, adding that the owners of cottages were deriving large incomes from their property, and as long as they could recieve such rents 'they cared not two pins what became of their tenants'. The Reverend Evan Jenkins, rector of Dowlais, then made what Rammell himself described as able speech, 6 in which he referred more particularly to the conditions in his own parish, then with sixteen thousand inhabitants. Jenkins stated that within five yards of a place abounding in impurities he had upon one occasion seen thirty able-bodied Irishmen playing cards in one house, and thirty-five occupied in the same manner in another house---all residing within the influence of heaps of human ordure and other filthy accumulations. The stench was intolerable. Sir John Guest had assured him that there was no legal remedy in existence for such a state of things, and the magistrates at Merthyr had confirmed that assurance; he was of the opinion that the inhabitants should therefore avail themselves of the new Public Health Act in order to compel the ere was no legal remedy in existence for such a state of things, and the magistrates at Merthyr had confirmed that assurance; he was of the opinion that the inhabitants should therefore avail themselves of the new Public Health Act in order to compel the owners of houses to give the poor those accomodations to which they were entitled. The rapidly growing audience received this speech with acclamation. Rammell now adjourned the meeting to a large room in the Bush Hotel but there again the space was inadequate and the proceedings had to be continued in front of the market.......................
................. place. Several hundred were now in the audience, a large proportion of them working men. Things became rather boisterous, many not being in favour of the application of the Act in view of the possibility of rents being raised in consequence. Rammell stated however 'I cannot omit to mention here that this [working] class, who appeared to be very violently prejudiced against the proceedings at the commencement of them, and who had been called together by misrepresentations purposely to quence. Rammell stated however 'I cannot omit to mention here that this [working] class, who appeared to be very violently prejudiced against the proceedings at the commencement of them, and who had been called together by misrepresentations purposely to oppose it, paid impartial attention to the arguments which were brought forward by the various speakers in the course of the day, and broke up at length with an evident disposition to treat the matter upon its merits'. 1 Thomas Stephens 2 was also at this meeting and spoke in favour of the introduction of new health measures; he was supported by Dr. T. J. Dyke, the district medical officer, and by J. L. White, a Dowlais surgeon.
Rammell's report did not appear until 1850 long after the inhabitants of Merthyr Tydfil had paid a heavy price for its neglected state, for it was only six days after the public meeting in Merthyr that Asiatic cholera again made its appearance in the town. A fortnight later, when commenting on the new visitation of the disease, the Cardiff and Merthyr Guardian added 'and the localities in which it has made itself known demonstrate with considerable clearness the importance and wisdom of the late agitation for sanatory reform . . .'
The second great cholera epidemic in Britain had again spread from the East, reaching the German shores of the North Sea in 1848 and appearing in Edinburgh at the beginning of October. Reaching Glasgow in November, it made the festival season of that year one to be long remembered, causing nearly four thousand deaths in the city. It was not until the following summer, however, that the peak of the epidemic was reached in England and Wales, where fifty-three thousand two hundred and ninety-two deaths occurred.
The first case of cholera in Wales in that epidemic appeared in Cardiff on 13 May 1849, and in the subsequent months the disease made enormous ravages in the South Wales valleys. A considerable increase in mortality occurred in Cardiff towards the end of May and the outbreak reached its height there in the early days of June; on the 7th fourteen people died of the disease. In the vicinity of the Glamorganshire Canal twenty-four persons died as a result of the disease and Dr. John Sutherland cited this of May and the outbreak reached its height there in the early days of June; on the 7th fourteen people died of the disease. In the vicinity of the Glamorganshire Canal twenty-four persons died as a result of the disease and Dr. John Sutherland cited this as an example of putrescent mud producing cholera---'On the 26th of May the end of the canal nearest the sea was emptied in order to admit repairs of the lock. By this process a large surface of black putrescent mud was exposed to the direct action of a hot sun, and the result was, that very offensive effluvia were immediately perceptible'. The adjacent houses escaped the disease 'except those close to the side of the basin, and the reason for such a selection will be sufficiently obvious'.: 3 The registrar of the Cardiff sub-district, however, although accepting such a possibility, ascribed the infection '... still......................
.................... more to the very crowded state of the streets and houses of the poorer localities, to which the disease has thus far chiefly confined itself '. 1 One hundred and thirty-eight deaths had occurred in Cardiff by June 23, and there were many deserted houses in the town, more especially the Irish lodging houses. Sutherland made some recommendations to the Board of Guardians on general hygenic measures, and Rammell started a somewhat belated investigation of the sanitation of the town . 2 The disease continued unabated however, causing sixty-nine deaths in July, ninety-one in August, and fifty-five in September. When the infection finally disappeared about the middle of November it had claimed three hundred and ninety-six victims.
It was during May also that the disease appeared in Newport--- 'in one of the filthiest streets of the town', causing eventually a mortality of two hundred and forty-six. In Monmouth seventeen people died in the town workhouse. The extent of the infection in the crowded mining townships was well illustrated by the fact that in Tredegar there were one hundred and fifty-seven deaths, two hundred and ten in Aberystruth and only nine in Abergavenny itself. 3 From the Ebbw Vale Ironworks Dr. J. A. Bean wrote to the Royal College of Physicians that owing to '... the general ignorance of the inhabitants who would not follow out our directions and the immense deal of sickness, we were unable to pay much attention to the cases as we could have wished' . 4
Cholera appeared in Heol-y-Giller, Merthyr Tydfil, on May 21, when a child of four was infected. 5 The disease then quickly spread in both the upper and lower districts of Merthyr, six deaths occurring in the 'Cellars', Pontystorehouse, before the end of the month. The Board of Guardians introduced some measures for cleansing the town, and the General Board of Health, at the instigation of J. J. Guest, assigned Dr. Sutherland to the area. He proposed dividing Merthyr into nine districts each with a supervising medical officer. 6 The epidemic however continued its inexorable progress. Twenty-two people died on June 7 and again on June 9, a total of three hundred and forty-nine dying during that month, with Caedraw, 'China', and Penydarren taking the brunt of the disease. The dead were now being quickly buried with little fuss, public prayer meetings were constantly held; on July 18 the Reverend T. E. James wrote 'Yr wyf yma yn Merthyr heddyw, a golygfa ryfedd sydd ar bobpeth. Mae y Geri Marwol yn gwneyd difrod arswydus ar liaws mawr o'r trigolion, ac y mae ei ddinystriadau yn ddychrynllyd o ddisymmwth...' 7 On July 26 as many as thirty-six died of the disease, and on..................
................... July 31 Lady Charlotte Guest wrote in her diary 'I am sorry to say the accounts of the cholera at Dowlais are fearfully bad. They are beyond anything I could have imagined, sometimes upwards of twenty people dying in one day, and eight men constantly employed in making coffins ... one of our Infant School-Mistresses is dead. One of the medical assistants sent down from London is dying, and the whole place seems in a most lamentable state'. Although cholera killed five hundred and thirty-nine persons in the Merthyr district in July the infection did not reach its height until August. By the second day of that month the daily death roll had reached thirty-six. There were, of course, no hospital facilities in Merthyr at this time, but irty-nine persons in the Merthyr district in July the infection did not reach its height until August. By the second day of that month the daily death roll had reached thirty-six. There were, of course, no hospital facilities in Merthyr at this time, but Guest at his own expense had made up a refuge for the healthy at the Plough Inn, and a similar refuge was established in Dowlais. Frank James gave notice that a night dispensary for cholera cases was available with free medicine for the sick. 1 The terror continued, and William Edmunds said that 'Nid oedd nemawr dy yn dianc heb brofi pwys y fflangell geryddol hon! ... Cludid rhai ar gerti, tua'r gladdfa, o ganol gruddfanau ac ocheneidiau torcalonus y gweddwon a'r amddifad ... Dyma'r amser y gwnawd mynwent ar Bant-coed-Ifor; o herwydd nad oedd caniatad, na lle i'w claddu yn un o fynwentydd y dref '. 2 And complaints were being made that those graves were too shallow. Scores of people were now locking up their houses and leaving the district. The heroic rector of Dowlais, Evan Jenkins, collapsed as a result of his great services to 2 And complaints were being made that those graves were too shallow. Scores of people were now locking up their houses and leaving the district. The heroic rector of Dowlais, Evan Jenkins, collapsed as a result of his great services to his parishioners, but later recovered. 3
The Merthyr epidemic began to abate towards the end of August, but did not finally disappear until November. Although the Registrar-General in his annual report for that year referred to Merthyr as 'Death is always busy here ... the indifference with which life is sacrificed and lost in the mining districts is inconceivable' the magnitude of this tragedy certainly emphasised the acute necessity for a responsible municipal authority, and the Local Board of Health remained in control of the district from 1850 until 1894, when its powers were transferred to the new Urban District Council. 4
It was on May 21 also that the epidemic started in Neath, increasing rapidly until July 17 when eighteen people died, a total of two hundred and ninety-six deaths occurring during the month. Taibach also had a serious epidemic, and in Aberavon a public prayer meeting attracted two thousand people to the market place. 5 Only seven deaths occurred in Brecon, all except one in the Union Workhouse, but a serious epidemic broke out in the Crickhowell district. Again, Swansea, Llanelly and Carmarthen suffered severely.
G. T. Clark, a Superintending Inspector of the General Board of Health, commenced an enquiry at Swansea on May 21 into the state of sanitation of the town similar to that undertaken by Rammell at Merthyr. He was given considerable assistance by G. Grant-Francis, who inspected the worst parts of the town with him. They found the water supply very inadequate, the sanitation dirty and inefficient, and they took particular exception to one filthy court known as 'Little Ireland' with Green Hill and High Street also highly unsatisfactory. 1 These were the districts that suffered the heaviest mortality in the cholera epidemic that appeared in the town some six weeks later. The disease broke out among the prisoners in the gaol on July 6, and W. H. Michael, in a long manuscript report to the Cholera Commission of the Royal College of Physicians, described how the death of one of the prisoners from the disease led to the premises being 'thoroughly washed out by a water-engine worked by the policemen of the Borough and Chloride of Lime plentifully sprinkled on the floors ...' 2 Three days later, David Jones, one of the policemen employed died an acute death from the disease. He lived in Bethesda Row, and soon several other cases occurred in that neighbourhood. Michael included in his report a rough map of Swansea, showing a red line running west to east from Town Hill through Pleasant Street across Orchard Street to the river, and he remarked '... it appears strange that the disease should have been so confined to this [north] part of the town and that the pipes of the Waterworks Company should extend to the exact limitation of the prevalency of the disease. South of the Red line ... there was in no street more than one case, and North of that line the inhabitants were but scantily supplied with water as the level of the resevoir does not permit water to be supplied to the higher parts of the Town'. The public water supply at Swansea at the time of the epidemic can therefore hardly be blamed since the spate of cholera occurred where the supply came directly from the river, from the easily contaminated pumps and from vendors' carts. 3 The disease continued to be active in Swansea until the end of October, causing altogether two hundred and sixty-two deaths. It was during September that the peak of the infection was reached in Llanelly, especially in the......................
.................. districts of Wern and Forge, and at the same time in Carmarthen, Priory Street, Alltycnap and Dame Street suffered severely. 1 Kidwelly also experienced a sharp epidemic, particularly around Water Street and Bailiff Street. This was the town indicted by Hugh Williams, the redoubtable defender of the Rebecca rioters, two years previously; he had accused 'the corrupt Corporation of Kidwelly' of several misdemeanours, among them---'For neglecting the improvement of the town and to promote its comfort and sanatory condition' . 2
The 1849 epidemic also caused scores of deaths in a number of North Wales towns. Holywell suffered a severe visitation during the second half of July, with a recrudescence of the disease in the autumn. Cholera appeared in Flint on August 20 and quickly spread to the surrounding villages of Northop and Halkyn. Two cholera deaths occurred in Wrexham Workhouse about the middle of August, but the town itself escaped very lightly. Welshpool, however, experienced a severe epidemic, and several fatalities occurred in the crowded slums of Powell's Row and Back-road, with the result that the public and private sanitary arrangements of the town were immediately overhauled. Several deaths also occurred in Newtown after the appearance of the cholera there on August 24; William Slyman, now a local medical practitioner had written to the Royal College of Physicians on August 6 enclosing '... a proof of a small pamphlet which I am preparing for the press. There is so much indifference manifested here and in most parts of Wales about the Cholera and the means for its prevention are so totally neglected that I considered a pamphlet ... might be a means of arousing the public from their apathy . . . I intend getting it translated into the Welsh language ...' It was translated by the Reverend David Davies, curate of Llanwnog. 3
When G. T. Clark visited Bangor early in June 1849 to enquire into the sanitary condition of the city, Dr. O. O. Roberts drew his attention to the generally defective drainage, adding also that when 'any epidemic breaks out Beaumaris and Carnarvon suffer excessively'. Beaumaris however escaped lightly in the 1849 infection, Bangor had a few deaths, but Caernarvon was severely stricken. The first case in Bangor occurred on July 9, and still more after a mis-diagnosis of a cholera death on board The British Queen off Bangor at the end of the month. 4 The infant ..................
........................ son of a surgeon was the first victim of cholera in Caernarvon on June 25, the disease eventually causing sixteen deaths in the town, mainly at Turkey-shore and High Street. A brisk epidemic also occurred in Holyhead, commencing at the end of July but being most fatal in the early part of October; in the first three weeks of the month the Reverend Charles Williams, Perpetual Curate at Holyhead, attended the burials of thirty-one of the victims. At Amlwch the infection was confined to the port where twenty-two deaths occurred, hardly any of them certified by a doctor. 1
Before the end of the year the epidemic wave was over, having caused, according to the Registrar-General, four thousand five hundred and sixty-four deaths in Wales.
Cholera Deaths in some Welsh Towns in 1849 2
Newport 209
Welshpool 34
Pontypool 61
Newtown 6
Tredegar 203
Holywell 46
Aberystruth 223
Flint 35
Crickhowell 95
Caernarvon 16
Cardiff 396
Holyhead 42
Neath 245
Amlwch 22
Margam 241
Maesteg 33
Bridgend 50
Merthyr District (1682)
Ystradgynlais 107
Llanelly District 45
Swansea 262
Carmarthen 102
Monthly Deaths May-November in the Registrar Districts of Cardiff, Merthyr Tydfil and Neath, 1849
May June July August Sept. Oct. Nov.
Cardiff 39 135 69 91 55 3 1
Merthyr Tydfil 16 349 539 548 190 37 3
Neath 5 80 296 260 84 10 -
In the autumn of 1853 another cholera epidemic suddenly appeared in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, causing over one thousand five hundred deaths in a matter of two months, but it did not spread elsewhere and abated as quickly as it came. However, in 1854 the disease re-appeared in England, London being now the chief focus of the infection with its ten thousand seven hundred and thirty-eight deaths. One of the most severely afflicted of the parishes of South-East London in that epidemic was that of the vicar of All Saints, Rotherhithe, Robert Jones, scholar and historian, and later editor of Y Cymmrodor. At the height of the contagion '... he worked hard, fearless of danger, administering medicine to the poor, and visiting the dying. He was himself stricken with the malady, but recovered'. 1
The 1854 epidemic now spread to Wales causing nearly a thousand deaths in the latter months of the year, the disease again being much more prevalent in the industrial south. It visited Cardiff during August and by the end of the month it had made its almost inevitable appearance in Merthyr Tydfil. 2 The Merthyr Board of Health met the challenge with some alacrity but with little success, and by the middle of October the disease was causing an average of twenty deaths a day in the town. Although less extensive than the 1849 epidemic, 3 it was nevertheless a particularly fatal infection, the Cardiff and Merthyr Guardian on October 20 remarking 'The attack had been extremely fatal during the present visitation, and medical assistance, except in the early stages, had proved comparatively unavailing'. William Roberts ('Nefydd'), was in Merthyr on October 16, attempting to arrange a conference on education to be held there a few weeks later. He was persuaded to postpone his plans '... in consequence of the state of the Cholera just now in Merthyr; that people in general are afraid to come rthyr on October 16, attempting to arrange a conference on education to be held there a few weeks later. He was persuaded to postpone his plans '... in consequence of the state of the Cholera just now in Merthyr; that people in general are afraid to come to Merthyr now, even when they have important business to transact, and therefore that it would be very likely that even the friends of Education would be much the same, from ten to twenty being every day carried off by the Cholera'. 4 By the 17th of the month it was reported however that '... the long processions which were seen each evening in the streets of Merthyr have become less frequent ...' 5 A sharp and very fatal outbreak occurred in Brecon causing fifty-four deaths, eight times as many as in 1849. North Wales again escaped lightly with a total of only thirty-four deaths, nineteen of which occurred in Newtown.
Deaths from Cholera in some Welsh Towns in 1854
Cardiff ... ... ... ... ... 225
Merthyr Tydfil ... ... 455
Neath ... ... ... ... ... ... 54
Brecon ... ... ... ... ... 54
Haverfordwest ... ... 40
Cardigan ... ... ... ... 4
Newtown ... ... ... ... 19
Holywell ... ... ... ... 2
Bangor ... ... ... ... ... 3
The fourth and virtually the last great cholera epidemic in Britain occurred in the years 1865-6. It differed from its predecessors in arriving along a new route, this time from the Middle East, appearing in Southampton in the autumn of 1865. The disease did not arrive in Bristol until April the following year, but it then quickly spread to a number of other seaports, emigrant ships being potent carriers of the infection. In May, Liverpool experienced a heavy mortality, and by the 25th of the month a doubtful case of cholera had occurred in Swansea, rekindling old fears. 1 The next day the Merthyr Telegraph headed its editorial 'Is the Cholera Coming?', and remarked 'One great cause of the terror with which the Cholera is regarded by most people arises from the fact of our being ignorant of its nature'. The fears were justified for during the summer months of 1866 the disease again made havoc in the industrial districts of South Wales. Local authorities still had a lot to learn, for even in that year the Registrar-General in his annual report could remark 'While the industry of Wales is making rapid strides, its sanitary condition is rapidly deteriorating, as due arrangements are not made for the accommodation or instruction of an increasing population; and thus in a country every way by nature favourable to health, both as regards air and water, epidemics find footing and prove destructive'. 2
Swansea and Llanelly again experienced a vigorous epidemic. Although only two cases had appeared in Llanelly by July 27, within a month one hundred and fifty people had died in the district. The local newspapers apparently minimised the extent of the disease in Swansea during August, but it was none the less an advancing infection, and by the middle of September it was causing an average of fifteen deaths a day. On the 27th the Cambrian hoped that '... we have now passed through the heaviest of this fearful visitation ...'
During August a number of sanitary precautions were instituted in Merthyr, largely through the efforts of T. J. Dyke, now the Medical Officer of Health for the town, and the presence of the disease in Cardiff and Cwmbach by the middle of the month stimulated further efforts by the local health committee. Before the end of the month however, Dyke had already reported three cases of cholera in the district. The first died in typical circumstances---'The patient was a married woman, aged thirty years, who died after eighteen hours illness. She resided with her husband and three children in a two-roomed, ill-ventilated tenement, underneath the Duffryn Arms, Canal side. The room was excessively dirty. The family lay upon a filthy mattress placed upon a damp sodden floor. The husband is employed in the Plymouth Iron Works, but he spends most of his wages on drink &c....' 3 By September 8 forty-four deaths had occurred in the Merthyr district. At Dowlais, where typhus had been raging some three months previously, the new visitation of cholera prompted the Dowlais Company to open a temporary hospital to deal with the cases. But this proposal to collect together a number of cholera victims to ensure a more adequate treatment engendered such local ...................
................ antipathy that soon after the first patient was admitted some of the Dowlais workers rioted, burst into the building, and insulted the nurses. When the miners threatened to strike if the hospital continued, the Company had no alternative but to abandon the project. 1 Before the end of the month the disease had spread to Aberdare, Mountain Ash, Ystradgynlais, Pontypridd and Caerphilly, but it generally declined in South Wales during October. It was during that month, however, that the disease was particularly active in North Wales, coinciding there with a severe epidemic of scarlet fever.
Soon after a schooner from Garston had arrived in Holyhead early in October, two fatal cases of cholera occurred in the town, and Dr. Walthew, the medical officer for the Holyhead Union, advocated the establishment of a temporary hospital. But the Board of Guardians were particularly supine in their efforts to contain the disease and the only house the relieving officer could find that would accommodate sick persons was a lodging house belonging to one Caddy Owen. This was also used by the Guardians for the reception of young orphan girls; it was also an acknowledged brothel. It was not surprising therefore, that the Daily News in a diatribe against the Holyhead Guardians considered them '... incapable of discharging the most elementary of their functions'. 2 Of some eighty inhabitants of Holyhead who contracted the disease, twenty-seven died, twelve of them in the space of a fortnight.
The disease appeared in Caernarvon early in November, spreading rapidly in the poorer parts of the town and in the gaol. Four hundred and seventy-one individuals had contracted the disease before Christmas and of these sixty had died. The continuance of this infection, which had by now regressed in most of England and Wales, induced John Simon of the Medical Department of the Privy Council to send Dr. Seaton to Caernarvon to investigate the sanitary conditions and to advise the local authority. Seaton, who was already well acquainted with the pestilential slums of the East End of London, assured the mayor, Llewelyn Turner, that he had '... never in all his experience witnessed anything so bad as the undrained portions of the town, more especially the crowded courts, which were indescribably abominable sinks of disease.' 3 Turner himself was well aware of those conditions and he had made considerable efforts to 'cleanse the Augean stable', as he put it, before the onslaught of the cholera--- 'my grave assistant'. During the epidemic, as the energetic chairman of the local health committee, he supervised the work of the scavengers, the cleansing of the courts, and the summary demolition of some of the worst habitations. In his exertions he had the valuable support of the Reverend J. C. Vincent, 4 vicar of Llanbeblig, who visited all the haunts of the disease and attended at the bedside of the dying. Robert Ellis ('Cynddelw'), who was a Baptist minister in Caernarvon from 1862 to 1875, co-operated with Vincent in visiting the homes of the cholera victims. It was a ........................
........................service that demanded considerable courage on the part of both men, and their charity earned them general esteem. Cynddelw did not support the local demand for public prayers to allay the wrath of the supposedly Divine visitation, firmly proclaiming his own opinion that the disease was simply a consequent of the pollutions and stenches of the town. 1
Holywell was again visited by an acute epidemic. Following its appearance in both Flint and Holywell in the early part of October 1866, the disease reached its peak at the end of the month, abating early in November, but followed by a sharp exacerbation in Bagillt. One particular well, which was contaminated with sewage, was probably the nucleus of the Holywell outbreak. Ruthin also experienced a sizeable epidemic that resulted in eleven deaths in the district, and Wrexham did not escape. It was only a year since the registrar of Wrexham had reported that 'A vast majority of the cottages in this town are never limewashed from year to year; sewerage is unknown; stagnant filth meet the eye in every bypath, and in places of public resort'. 2
Cholera Deaths in some Welsh Registrar Districts in 1866
The last time that Asiatic cholera gained a footing in this country was during the summer months of 1893, when it was again imported from Western Europe. The initial outbreak took place on Tyneside in June, and within a month the disease had spread to London and to Cardiff. Although of minor extent the epidemic had a particularly high case mortality---47% according to the Chief Medical ................
.....................Officer of the Local Government Board. 1 In Wales the outbreaks were small and scattered, and deaths were few. 2 The relative insignificance of that last abortive epidemic was in itself a testimony to the progress made in Wales in the care of the public health during the latter half of the nineteenth century.
I wish to acknowledge the valuable advice of Mr. Bob Owen, Croesor, Mr. W. W. Price, Aberdare, and Dr. Leslie Wynne Evans, of Cardiff. I am also greatly indebted to Mr. A. E. Fountain, Librarian of the Ministry of Health, and to Mr. L. M. Payne, Assistant Librarian at the Royal College of Physicians.
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Chic for Cheap: Art Show Outfit
Hello lovelies. Today's Chic for Cheap outfit was requested by reader/artist Twozdai (pronounced Tuesday) who will soon be showing her recent collection at an art opening. Here's how she describes her challenge: "I'm always at a loss as to what to wear to my own art openings. I have an upcoming show for this series of work. It will be shown at a wine bar, and the opening is part of the neighborhood art walk. Any advise you have would be greatly appreciated!"
I thought it would be fun to take inspiration from Twozdai's own art for this look. I honestly couldn't decide between the two dresses, so I included them both. Flats or some cute wedges seem like a must for any event where you'll be spending hours walking around (unless you're some sort of heel-wearing goddess, in which case I'm jealous) and I like the idea of a feminine jean jacket and funky chain necklace to keep things artsy and not too precious. I hope you have a wonderful art opening Twozdai! xo Ez
- Knotted Multi-chain Necklace – Forever 21
- Zip Me Up Dress – Ruche
- C'est la Bonne Vie Dress – Ruche
- Denim Jacket – American Eagle Outfitters
- Dakine Kiki Wallet – Zappos
- Steve Madden Kobbe Flats – Zappos
Outfit Total with Dress I: $205.24 | Outfit Total with Dress II: $184.24


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Gagudju Dreaming operates a collection of cruises, 4WD tours, camping sites, lodges & hotels in Kakadu National Park. Located only a few hours from Darwin, Kakadu National Park is a must see for anyone travelling to Australia's Northern Territory. Experience the beauty of Kakadu's waterfalls, wetlands and indigenous culture with Gagudju Dreaming where you can experience it all.
Gagudju Dreaming is an Indigenous owned business


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All Diadora running technology products are manufactured using specially designed state-of-the-art materials and fitted with technical solutions for maximum functionality. Ergonomically pre-shaped fit to enhance body movements. All critical sweat areas are fitted with specially designed ventilation systems. Zip "lock" system with covered ends to prevent abrasion or friction.
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The issue at hand is not supply related, but rather compatibility concerns between different components of the chipset. In particular, the PCI Express x16 slot and certain unnamed GPUs. Intel has contacted motherboard manufacturers regarding the technical setback and has stated they will have the problem solved soon, but still requiring a 2-4 week delay in launch.
This also looks like a good opportunity for Intel and its partners to clear product inventory using the P35 chipset, which will just be a year old next May. Back in August, we tested nine different Intel P35-based motherboards and found them to be excellent all-around performers.


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M.M.S Shipping Agency
52 Xwieni Road
Albert Town
Marsa MRS 1065. Malta
Phones: (00356) 21223962, 21223411, 21232235/6
Fax: (00356) 21232237
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Kootenai National Forest
Contact Information
Kootenai National Forest
Supervisor's Office
31374 US Highway 2
Libby, MT 59923-3022
(406) 293-6211
Contact Us
Where is this Forest?
The Kootenai National Forest is located in the Northwest corner of Montana and the Northeast corner of Idaho on the Canadian border. Providing abundant recreation and a wealth of natural resources, the Kootenai is a perfect place to relax and enjoy your National Forests!
We invite you to explore this web site, and contact us if you have questions.
The official address of this site is fs.usda.gov/kootenai If you are curious about the long address you see in your web browser or interested in other short addresses for specific sections of this site, visit our web address information page.
The Kootenai National Forest has issued its Final Environmental Impact Statement (Final EIS) and Errata, and the Draft Record of Decision (ROD) for the Montanore Project. The Montanore Project is a proposed underground copper and silver mine located about 18 miles south of Libby near the Cabinet Mountains of northwestern Montana.
The Three Rivers Ranger District Spring newsletter is now available (pdf).
Please note that outdoor burning is not allowed in Lincoln County during the month of February. Open burning is allowed starting March 1 in the county, unless you live in the Libby Air Pollution Control District (LAPC). If you live in the LAPC, open burning season begins April 1 and closes April 30.
Effective March 1, 2015, the Newspaper of Record for the Kootenai National Forest will become the Missoulian (previously the Daily Interlake). The Newspaper of Record is to be used by all Kootenai National Forest Ranger Districts and the Supervisor's Office to publish legal notices for public comment and decisions subject to predecisional administrative review under 36 CFR 218 and 219. For more information, view Federal Register Notice 6498 Vol. 80 No. 24 dated February 5, 2015 (pdf).
Faye Krueger, Regional Forester for the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service's Northern Region, has signed the Record of Decision for the Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Kootenai National Forests' revised Forest Plan.
The Record of Decision, 2015 Forest Plan, and Final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) are available on the Land and Resource Management – Planning page.
A food storage order signed on June 3, 2011 requires food storage and garbage practice across the Forest to reduce the potential for human-wildlife encounters.
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In 1789 the absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed under the weight of radical social upheaval. What followed was nothing less than an epic transformation of French society; among the many changes was the French Penal Code of 1791, adopted by the Constituent Assembly, influenced by Enlightenment thinking, and therefore staunchly opposed to Catholic morality. Not surprising then that the pre-1789 laws that criminalized sodomy would be left out of this code as well as the Napoleonic code of 1810. Small in scale compared to the mammoth rewriting of French civil and penal codes, the omission of sodomy laws inaugurated a new era for nineteenth-century gay men. This, coupled with the emergent scientific study of …
Please log in to consult the article in its entirety. If you are not a subscriber, please click here to read about membership. All our articles have been written recently by experts in their field, more than 95% of them university professors.
Gomolka, C J. "Nineteenth-Century French Gay Male Literature". The Literary Encyclopedia. First published 01 April 2013; last revised .
[http://www.litencyc.com/php/stopics.php?rec=true&UID=19326, accessed 04 July 2015.]


text:
Freestyle Navigator 3.0 Watch, Black/Tan
Challenge your sense of direction with the Freestyle Navigator 3.0 Watch, Black/Tan. This intuitive tool watch features a built-in digital compass with 16 cardinal directions, and full declination adjustment ensuring you'll only ever be as lost as you'd like to be. It has a rotating bezel, that let you set one of 16 cardinal points on the compass. It has the Silicone strap that remains comfortable and pliable even after repeated exposure to sweat or salt water. It also features Night vision backlight that illuminates the display after the sun has gone down. It has 100 meter (328 feet) water resistance ensures excellent reliability on land, and over water. The Freestyle Navigator 3.0 Watch, Black/Tan is the perfect watch for the adventurer whether on water or land.
This product has a limited lifetime warranty.
(888) 222-5230


text:
|After quite a few tries, these Savory Whole Wheat Zucchini Muffins with Chiles and Cheese are a winner!
(Makes about 15 small zucchini muffins or 12 muffins and a small mini-loaf of zucchini bread. Recipe created by Kalyn after many tries and a lot of consulting zucchini bread recipes on other blogs.)
Wet Ingredients:
1 1/2 cups grated zucchini or yellow squash, squeezed in a dish towel until no more liquid comes out
1 (4 oz.) can whole green chiles, drained well and finely diced
3/4 cup grated low-fat cheese (I used Four Cheese Mexican Blend, a blend of low-fat cheeses)
1/4 cup very finely grated Parmesan (the kind in a can is fine)
1/4 cup buttermilk
2 eggs
Dry Ingredients:
1 1/2 cups white whole wheat flour
1/4 cup sugar, Splenda, or Stevia In the Raw Granular Sweetener (use Splenda or Stevia for South Beach Diet)
1 tsp. sea salt
1 tsp. baking soda
1 tsp. baking powder
South Beach Suggestions:
Ten More Tasty Ideas for Zucchini Muffins, Bread, or Cakes:
(Recipes from other blogs not always South Beach Diet friendly; check ingredients.)
Low-Sugar and Whole Wheat Garden Harvest Cake with Zucchini, Apple, and Carrot from Kalyn's Kitchen
Low-Sugar and Whole Wheat Chocolate Zucchini Bread from Kalyn's Kitchen
Low-Sugar and Whole Wheat Zucchini Muffins with Pecans from Kalyn's Kitchen
Low-Sugar and Whole Wheat Zucchini Bread with Blueberries and Pecans from Kalyn's Kitchen
Gluten-Free Low-Sugar and Flourless Zucchini Muffins with Pecans from Kalyn's Kitchen
Cinnamon Zucchini Muffins from Barbara Bakes
Zucchini Muffins from My Madison Bistro
Maple-Sweetened Almond Zucchini Mini-Muffins from Gluten Free Goddess
Olive Oil Zucchini Muffins from Simply Sugar and Gluten Free
Zucchini Banana Flaxseed Muffins from Shutterbean
(Want even more recipes? I find these recipes from other blogs using Food Blog Search.)


text:
Need to know: CV cliches Why you can`t find a jobHF interviews
By R. Jai Krishna and Rumman Ahmed of Dow Jones Newswires
Dunkin' Brands Group, the U.S.-based doughnut and ice-cream seller, is betting big on emerging economies such as India to expand globally as it seeks to supplement growth in its home market.
By Rumman Ahmed of Dow Jones Newswires
U.S. chain Dunkin' Donuts will open its first store in India Tuesday, setting the stage for a likely face-off with traditional rival Starbucks. The outlet, located in New Delhi, will be the first of a planned 80-100 stores of a franchise agreement signed between Dunkin' Brands Group and New Delhi-based Jubilant FoodWorks last year.
Continue reading here.
By Rumman Ahmed
Jubilant FoodWorks is preparing to open the first store of U.S.-based chain Dunkin' Donuts in India by June as it bets on the growing preference among a younger and more affluent middle class to drink coffee and eat at fast-food chains. Read more.
Deal Journal India is a one-stop destination following deals, deal-makers, private equity and venture-capital activity in India. The real-time blog is updated throughout the day with breaking news, exclusive analysis, commentary and profiles. Edited by The Wall Street Journal's Vibhuti Agarwal, Deal Journal India features contributions from the South Asia bureaus of The Wall Street Journal and Dow Jones Newswires in Mumbai and Delhi as well as bureaus around the world. Reach our Editors at firstname.lastname@example.com or follow Deal Journal India on Facebook and Twitter.
FINS has become a part of DHI in order to improve your job search experience. eFinancialCareers will provide you with the best possible service, the best job opportunities and editorial content and the best talent. With our long track record of helping finance professionals develop their career, from graduating to landing top positions in the industry, we will continue to deliver.
For technology jobs outside the financial industry users can visit Dice.com


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Grant Money is Rejected as Federal Healthcare Law Nears
$365,000 in federal grant money has been declined by a nonprofit group. The money would have helped West Virginians sign up for health insurance plans under the Affordable Care Act, but West Virginia Parent Training and Information Inc. declined the money because of what they called "unforseen circumstances" according to the Charleston Gazette. Last week, state Attorney General Patrick Morrisey directed the nonprofit group to answer 26 questions about the group's personnel and hiring practices. U.S. Sen. Jay Rockefeller has been critical of Morrisey, accusing him of bullying WVPTI and other groups.
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In the news
Posted: November 14, 2012 at 5:50 a.m.
Katherine Schell, a 4-year-old from Kansas City, Mo., took about 200 stuffed animals to New York City to give to children who "lost their animals" during superstorm Sandy, with another 1,600 toys that her family and neighbors raised money to purchase not far behind after a trucking company offered to ship them for free.
This story is only available from our archives.
Front Section, Pages 1 on 11/14/2012
« Previous Story
Names and faces
Prince Charles doesn't order seven boiled eggs for breakfast in order to choose the one he likes best, his office said in a statement designed to dispel myths about the hei... Read »
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Barely a week after winning re-election, President Barack Obama suddenly confronts a deepening challenge in assembling a new national-security team, his task complicated by... Read »


text:
Plants Lapbook
Library List:
The Magic School Bus Gets Planted: A Book About Photosynthesis by Lenore Notkin
The Magic School Bus Plants Seeds: A Book About How Living Things Grow by Joanna Cole
A Seed Grows by Pamela Hickman
Eyewitness: Plant by David Burnie
Oh Say Can You Seed: All About Flowering Plants by Bonnie Worth
Instructions for Folding Lapbooks
|Parts of a Plant Activity Sheet - Label the parts of a plant in the picture. .
|Photosynthesis Activity Sheet - In this leaf shaped book, write about photosynthesis.
|How Seeds Spread Activity Sheet - Write about the different ways seeds can be spread.
|Parts of Plants we Eat Activity Sheet - Draw examples of roots, leaves, stems, seeds and fruits that we eat.
|Plants Bible Verse Activity Sheet - Choose a plant Bible verse for copywork. You can use a topical Bible for help.
|Plant Uses Activity Sheet - Write about the many different things we use plants for.
|Parts of a Flower Activity Sheet - Label the parts of a flower on the picture.
|Pollination Activity Sheet - Write about pollination.
|Life Cycle of a Plant Activity Sheet - Draw the life cycle of a plant.


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Flat Cards
Saying thank you never goes out of style, and having a beautiful set of thank you cards on your desk makes expressing your gratitude easy. Build your stationery wardrobe with a collection of formal thank you cards for professional occasions and a set of everyday thank you cards ready for you to jot down a quick note of gratitude or just to say hello. A well-stocked stationery wardrobe means you'll be properly outfitted to make the right impression for every occasion.


text:
The ballet premiered at American Ballet Theatre on April 22, 1948, with Alicia Alonso as Lizzie (called simply "the Accused"). Other notable performers in the role included Nora Kaye and Sallie Wilson. The Dance Theatre of Harlem's production, with Virginia Johnson as the Accused, is available on DVD, although a kinescope also exists of a televised version with Kaye.
ABT will be performing the ballet during the 2007 fall season at New York City Center, with Julie Kent and Gillian Murphy in the lead role
De Mille famously altered the historical record by finding Lizzie Borden guilty as charged.


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Candy-Colored Urban Development and Environment Office Opens in Hamburg
The new state ministry building is one of the most energy-efficient buildings in Germany. It requires just 70 kWh/m2, compared to a typical building from the 1970s that would have required about 280 kWh/m2 per year to cover its energy needs. Beneath the entrance to the building there is an energy control center for a new local heating system run by HamburgEnergie, which draws heat from geothermal and solar thermal sources. About 1,000 new energy piles were buried under the foundation of the building, providing geothermal heat in the winter and cooling in the summer.
The building consists of one 13-story high-rise that is flanked by several five-story mid-rises. In addition to geothermal heating, the building will take advantage of natural daylighting, highly efficient thermal insulation, and natural cross-ventilation. The new facility is expected to improve worker efficiency within the ministry, because it consolidates four different offices that were previously found in separate locations. The building will anchor the new Central Wilhelmsburg district, which is the main attraction at this year's International Building Exhibition.
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Migrants are not only workers, they are also human beings
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Marketing Information
This piece of cookware was one of the first I bought for my new kitchen. My mother owned one for as long as I can remember and it's never failed. From boiling water for pasta to creating flavorful stews it's always been a go to item in the kitchen. I've owned this piece for about a year now and it's still going strong. My only negative about this piece is that I wouldn't recommend using this in the oven. Keep it on the stove top.
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text:
The Wii U Exxxcitement Poll! (How Hyped Are You?)
- Forum Posts: 3003
- Wiki Points: 0
- Followed by: 10
- Reviews: 0 Lists: 1
#2 Posted by Abendlaender (3003 posts) -
Since its a Nintendo system I will buy it at some point, but definitely not at launch. I'll be there as soon as there is a new Metroid or Zelda
- Forum Posts: 2167
- Wiki Points: 23
- Followed by: 61
- Reviews: 2 Lists: 2
#3 Posted by ShiftyMagician (2167 posts) -
I'm voting C myself. I can see great potential in the interaction elements of the system, but I want to wait and see how the games actually implement the new hardware elements before I even consider buying one. That and see what games will come out in the near future.
- Forum Posts: 8057
- Wiki Points: 11320
- Followed by: 126
- Reviews: 0 Lists: 2
#5 Posted by Ravenlight (8057 posts) -
I am more excited about the word "Exxxcitement" in the title than I am about the Wii U.
I'm really excited about MH3U, Bayonetta 2, LCU and maybe ZombiU, but I will not be picking one up immediately because of the horrendous pricing in Sweden and the fact that MH3U isn't out for another 4 months or so.
I'll buy one around the time MH3U comes out though.
#8 Posted by RedCricketChase (462 posts) -
@Jack268 said:
I'm really excited about MH3U, Bayonetta 2, LCU and maybe ZombiU, but I will not be picking one up immediately because of the horrendous pricing in Sweden and the fact that MH3U isn't out for another 4 months or so. I'll buy one around the time MH3U comes out though.
MH3U = Monster Hunter, I'm thinking?
- Forum Posts: 12957
- Wiki Points: 26
- Followed by: 137
- Reviews: 7 Lists: 6
#11 Posted by believer258 (12957 posts) -
I keep forgetting that it's coming out.
The one thing the Wii U seems to have going for it as a console is the ability to do asynchronous multiplayer, which I'd probably only ever have enough people to do at Thanksgiving and Christmas. I'm going to pass. I can only think of 3 Wii games I've wanted to play this generation, and don't expect much more from the WiiU.
- Forum Posts: 4531
- Wiki Points: 0
- Followed by: 106
- Reviews: 0 Lists: 4
#13 Posted by GetEveryone (4531 posts) -
Relatively. I'm excited for the games to come, along with Bayonetta, Rayman and possibly Zombiu.
I've played the majority of multi-platform launch titles and none of the others do much for me at all.
I'll almost definitely pick one up further down the line, but I've yet to finish Skyward Sword and it's just about the only Wii game I have.
- Forum Posts: 670
- Wiki Points: 5
- Followed by: 8
- Reviews: 0 Lists: 0
#14 Posted by Ducksworth (670 posts) -
I'm not overly hyped, there are maybe two or three games at launch that interest me and around four or five if we go through the "launch Window". It's a decent number for a console in its infancy but there are still no must haves for me...yet I still have it on pre-order, will play Mairo, have a good time and then hate the console for a year or so until games I actually want come out.
- Forum Posts: 334
- Wiki Points: 0
- Followed by: 2
- Reviews: 0 Lists: 0
#15 Posted by TheSlothKing (334 posts) -
I would have gotten a WiiU at or around launch but I just put a lot of money into my new PC, so the WiiU will have to wait a bit.
#16 Posted by RedCricketChase (462 posts) -
Really hopin' that ZombieU is mind-blowing, but not holding my breath. I'm fairly sure I'll get a Wii U at the first price cut or the first hardware tweak, whichever comes first.
- Forum Posts: 5904
- Wiki Points: -1
- Followed by: 109
- Reviews: 5 Lists: 5
#17 Posted by MordeaniisChaos (5904 posts) -
I think in about a year, it'll start falling into the same hole the Wii fell into: being behind in tech and power, and as a result, getting all of the lower end, "made for Wii from the ground up" style titles.
I skipped the Wii, and I expect to skip the Wii-U as well. Nintendo has never really done a ton for me. I like their handhelds, and have owned pretty much all of them from the original Game Boy and on, but it was never really for the actually Nintendo developed games, particularly with the DS.
So yeah, my hype level is pretty much bottom level.
- Forum Posts: 4569
- Wiki Points: 0
- Followed by: 31
- Reviews: 0 Lists: 1
#20 Posted by Bourbon_Warrior (4569 posts) -
Dunno new Xbox and PS4 expected soon, this will be outdated pretty quick.
- Forum Posts: 452
- Wiki Points: 8306
- Followed by: 6
- Reviews: 4 Lists: 4
#21 Posted by WarlockEngineerMoreDakka (452 posts) -
Voted C- because I'm certain I'll get a Wii U at some point for a data transfer to preserve my virtual console titles. But I have no idea when.
- Forum Posts: 6144
- Wiki Points: 116
- Followed by: 65
- Reviews: 0 Lists: 20
#23 Posted by JackSukeru (6144 posts) -
I wouldn't describe myself as "hyped" but I'm thinking I'll pick one up at launch or soon after.
- Forum Posts: 4012
- Wiki Points: 0
- Followed by: 79
- Reviews: 0 Lists: 0
#24 Posted by TheSouthernDandy (4012 posts) -
Ehhh. I'm hesitant to doubt Nintendo but this system doesn't have me that excited. I do hope it does well for them though.
- Forum Posts: 4742
- Wiki Points: -1
- Followed by: 95
- Reviews: 0 Lists: 14
#25 Edited by TeflonBilly (4742 posts) -
I'll own one by the time Bayonetta 2 comes out. Gonna take something else special to make me shell out for one before that.
But we all know eventually
Loading Video...
- Forum Posts: 9170
- Wiki Points: 31659
- Followed by: 144
- Reviews: 0 Lists: 11
#28 Posted by StarvingGamer (9170 posts) -
You need an option between B and C. I am not pumped and will not be buying one close to release, but I also do not need to wait to see how things shake out. I know I'm going to buy one, but I am going to wait until Bayonetta 2 comes out.
- Forum Posts: 4748
- Wiki Points: 26
- Followed by: 70
- Reviews: 0 Lists: 8
#29 Posted by ImmortalSaiyan (4748 posts) -
I'm curious how Ninja Gaiden 3: Razor's Edge turned out. What I'm curious about is the platinum support the system is getting.
- Forum Posts: 3822
- Wiki Points: 5401
- Followed by: 71
- Reviews: 9 Lists: 18
#30 Posted by BaconGames (3822 posts) -
It will either be the DS of game consoles or the Dreamcast. I'll wait and see.
- Forum Posts: 1440
- Wiki Points: 395
- Followed by: 32
- Reviews: 2 Lists: 9
#31 Posted by nick_verissimo (1440 posts) -
Excited to go to my friend's and check it out when he gets it, but I have intention to pick one up until a decent Mario or Zelda game comes out.
- Forum Posts: 2763
- Wiki Points: 16308
- Followed by: 101
- Reviews: 0 Lists: 5
#33 Posted by Rolyatkcinmai (2763 posts) -
Not excited at all. I think it will be the end of Nintendo as a platform maker.
That said, I have one preordered and will probably pick up ZombiU on Sunday.
#34 Posted by RedCricketChase (462 posts) -
@StarvingGamer said:
You need an option between B and C. I am not pumped and will not be buying one close to release, but I also do not need to wait to see how things shake out. I know I'm going to buy one, but I am going to wait until Bayonetta 2 comes out.
Sorry, I didn't want to spend the time to articulate options on every conceivable viewpoint :D My own isn't even superliterally, specifically represented! Haha
- Forum Posts: 3634
- Wiki Points: 0
- Followed by: 56
- Reviews: 0 Lists: 1
#35 Posted by addictedtopinescent (3634 posts) -
How does this compare hardware wise to what the new PS4 or Xbox will likely be, like is it the Wii compared to the 360 or is the gap smaller? It doesn't look terrible right now but then again I don't want to buy a console which will be outdated two years from now which I'm afraid could happen.
- Forum Posts: 5004
- Wiki Points: 3
- Followed by: 58
- Reviews: 0 Lists: 2
#36 Posted by Colourful_Hippie (5004 posts) -
Wait and see.
#37 Posted by RedCricketChase (462 posts) -
@addictedtopinescent said:
How does this compare hardware wise to what the new PS4 or Xbox will likely be, like is it the Wii compared to the 360 or is the gap smaller? It doesn't look terrible right now but then again I don't want to buy a console which will be outdated two years from now which I'm afraid could happen.
By all reports, the Wii U has the approximate graphics capability of the Xbox Trip Sixty and the PS Triplez, which is why thinking it's an odd time for Nintendo to release it is a valid viewpoint. Next November, two systems with actual "next-generation" graphics are releasing, which will put the Wii U back into the graphical shoes of its predecessor.
- Forum Posts: 658
- Wiki Points: 2
- Followed by: 3
- Reviews: 0 Lists: 2
#38 Posted by upwarDBound (658 posts) -
Not at all.
- Forum Posts: 1713
- Wiki Points: 291
- Followed by: 65
- Reviews: 27 Lists: 7
#39 Posted by sins_of_mosin (1713 posts) -
D for me. It looks like a updated Wii with HD support and a new controller. I just got the Wii myself and it seems most games use the controller in the standard sense of d-pad and buttons and not point and shoot. And since it is Nintendo, their first party games do little to make me interested.
- Forum Posts: 1248
- Wiki Points: 0
- Followed by: 60
- Reviews: 0 Lists: 5
#40 Posted by TheSilentTruth (1248 posts) -
I'm indifferent.
I'm excited.
I haven't played a Metroid game since Super Metroid. So when they release a new Metroid my plan is to get a WiiU and all of the Metroids! Also Bayonetta 2 kicked me over the edge. Nintendo needs more like that. If they get more Platinum games it could end up being my go-to console.
Anyway I'm skeptical of Sony and Microsoft. I hope they surprise me and pull out cool new hardware. It just seems like they are chasing the Living Room Social Media Entertainment Box dream. Do they even want to be in the business of building gaming consoles anymore? I want the games. The rest just gets in my way of the games. Make a box that's about playing awesome games! If not it's PC for me next gen.
#42 Edited by RedCricketChase (462 posts) -
I bought one when I got home from work, to flip it on eBay and make a profit. I am now a morally-gray adult. Shit. That happened more quickly than I expected.
- Forum Posts: 371
- Wiki Points: 175
- Followed by: 3
- Reviews: 0 Lists: 5
#43 Posted by MisterSamMan (371 posts) -
I am super excited to hear the Wii U eShop music, but that's about it.
- Forum Posts: 4124
- Wiki Points: 785
- Followed by: 67
- Reviews: 1 Lists: 11
#44 Posted by DarthOrange (4124 posts) -
Where is the excited and pumped but not buying one at launch option? :(
I don't see how the Wii U can be anything but an inevitable disappointment. The rest of the industry is preparing to move forward in under a year meanwhile Nintendo has only just caught up to this gen. I'm sure they'll have a good few months of "oh neat" here and there with the likes of Bayonetta 2 and such but beyond that the machine just seems doomed to me.
#46 Posted by RedCricketChase (462 posts) -
@DarthOrange said:
Where is the excited and pumped but not buying one at launch option? :(
Just choose whichever option is slightly closer to your own stance :( I feel bad for not including your specific viewpoint. Also drunk. ok, mostly drunk.
- Forum Posts: 14755
- Wiki Points: 4290
- Followed by: 219
- Reviews: 7 Lists: 1
#49 Edited by crusader8463 (14755 posts) -
I currently have zero interest. As I say every time someone makes this thread, unless I fall into a ton of money I'm looking to blow I will be waiting for the system to ether drop in price a lot from where it's currently at or it gets at least 5-6 games I really want to play that I can't get anywhere else. Same thing I do with every new platform.
As it stands for me right at this moment the Wii U is just: an under powered, over priced, game-less platform with it's only hook being the silly new controller which holds no interest for me personally. The only interest I have in this is seeing how it plays out over the next few years and what it will do to Nintendo if/when it bombs terribly, no one supports it with games and what that will mean for their design choices for the platform to follow.
Who knows. In time they may do something really awesome with the screen that completely changes how games are played, but I won't be holding my breath.
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