text:
Is E-Reading Bad for Your Brain?
September 4, 2012 | 3:44 pm
By Dan Eldridge
Dan Bloom is a freelance writer and occasional TeleRead contributor who's been living in Taiwan for more than 15 years; he's also an author and a climate activist. Over the weekend, Bloom sent me a link to his most recent piece for The China Post, and because it covers a fascinating and potentially important e-reading topic I haven't read much about, I wanted to share it here.
The meat of Bloom's article starts in the fourth paragraph, where he proposes the question of "whether reading on screens is the same experience, in terms of brain chemistry, as reading text on paper surfaces." Here's more from that same article:
"This is an important issue that the tech industry here in Taiwan and in global society as a whole has so far not faced up to. What I believe—and what leading experts in the field such as Anne Mangen in Norway and Maryanne Wolf at Tufts University also suggest—is that the fundamental differences between paper-reading and screen-reading might be so big as to light up different regions of 'the reading brain,' and that these differences need to be studied more, especially with (f)MRi and PET brain scan research."
As far as his own opinion is concerned, Bloom has this to say about the subject:
"I have a hunch, based on a lifetime of reading on 'paper' and just 15 years of reading off 'screens,' that reading on paper surfaces is vastly superior in terms of brain chemistry for three important issues: the brain's processing of the text being read, the brain's retention of the information, and critical analysis of the information."
And while Bloom certainly doesn't claim to be a scientist or doctor of any sort himself, a number of professionals who've said essentially the same thing have popped up in the media over the past few years. The Tufts University child development professor Maryanne Wolf, for instance, covered the issue at length in her 2008 book, Proust and the Squid: The Story and Science of the Reading Brain. (Which, appropriately enough, does not appear to be available as an e-book!)
As for myself: I can't honestly say I've formed an opinion one way or the other just yet. I haven't read Wolf's book, nor have I read any studies on the issue that may have appeared in academic journals. What I can say, though, is that I will surely be seriously disappointed if any of these hypothetical theories turn out to be even somewhat accurate. I'm an anxious person by nature, and I can only imagine how guilty I'd feel reading an e-book that was also available in print, and knowing that my level of retention was suffering because of my preferred method of content delivery.
And yet, even if it is one day proven that paper-reading is brain-chemically superior to screen reading, I suspect the increased level of its superiority will be so small and slight as to be inconsequential. But then again, what do I know about the brain? (Answer: Not much.)
To explore the issue a bit further …
- Start with this 2009 feature from the Christian Science Monitor …
- … which was mentioned in this TeleRead post by former editor Paul Biba. (Read this post's comments, as well.)
- You'll also want to read the Q&A interview Dan Bloom conducted three years ago with Dr. Anne Mangen, who at the time was a reading specialist at the National Centre for Reading Research and Education at Norway's Stavanger University.
- From Txchnologist, check out this thoughtful Q&A interview with Dr. Mangen, which was published in December 2011.
* * *
Update: Because I think it's vitally important to give equal face time to both sides in a debate such as this one, I wanted to include a couple paragraphs I just noticed from Dan Bloom's aforementioned 2009 interview with Dr. Anne Mangen. In the quotes that follow, Dr. Mangen seems to be suggesting that screen-reading and paper-reading are simply different experiences, as opposed to one method being better than the other. Personally, that's an opinion I can get behind.
From the blog of author and expat Dan Bloom:
"When I mentioned to Dr Mangen that my concept behind using the word 'screening' to try to capture the fact that the experience of reading on a screen is fundamentally different from reading on paper—not worse or better, just different—she agreed, saying: 'Yes, the experience of reading on a screen is different from reading on paper; although in what ways and to what extent must be specified in each instance, situation and purpose of reading.'
"But she added: 'However, whether reading on a screen is better or worse than reading on paper depends on a range of variables—the reader's prior experience with both formats, the purpose and situation of the reading act, the type and genre of text, the disposition of the reader, and other variables.'"
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This sounds pretty damn sloppy to me. He doesn't even define what he means by "screen" (LCD or e-ink? Phone-sized, Kindle-sized, or iPad-sized?). Furthermore, who is to say everyone will have the same results? I know my daughter-in law loves reading on her Kindle because she is dyslexic and making the words bigger makes them much easier for her to interpret correctly.
I still say, if the author is doing his/her job, you concentrate on what you're reading and forget what you're reading ON.
This guy has a hunch? Show me a real study with real results and we'll talk.
Let's hope another five years or so will see the end of this nonsense. It's probably about the equivalent of questioning whether reading on a scroll is different/better than reading on a wax tablet.
In addition to Carmen's comment, there is also a difference between reading on a computer monitor that you look at sitting up, eyes more or less looking straight ahead, or a screen that you hold similarly to a book. I, for one, only "scan" (maybe this is what he actually means with "screening") content on my laptop monitor, and never seem to be able to concentrate and immerse in it, while I can spend hours reading on my iPad, Nexus 7 and especially my Kindle 4.
There is, however, one undeniable difference: when you hold a paper book, the tactile feeling differs from book to book – some may be embossed, some may be leather bound, heavy or light, large or small, glossy paper or recycled. Additionally, smells and fonts differ and the cover and cover art are something you notice when taking a break from reading it. This MUST be affecting the brain chemistry.
Also, I know a few people who can't, out of the top of their head, tell me what ebook they are reading, myself included. Sometimes, the title and/or autor escape me and I have to check. When I read paper books, I don't have to, as I always see the title and author in cront of me.
So, indeed, for the above stated reasons, I do retain more information when reading dead tree books vs. ebooks on tablets and ereaders. But is this extra information essential?
A bunch of hooey. There may be something to LCD screens being harder on your eyes, but reading on a book-sized eInk screen is no different than reading a paper page.
Also, as carmen says, many people have been given back the gift of reading because of the technology – larger print, minimum motion for "turning the page", or read-to-me.
Just to repeat what I said over on Dan Bloom's blog:
As someone who has been ereading for over 10 years on a plethora of different devices and screen formats, I can tell you that the idea that reading on a screen is somehow bad for your brain chemistry is nonsense.
Stuck in Hong Kong, I was able to access the whole range of Gutenberg classics, instantly, for free. I spent far more time reading than I otherwise would have done, because I could carry my library with me everywhere and read it anywhere. I immersed myself in the great literature of the past to a far deeper extent than I would ever have done if I had been dependent on what paper books I could buy and carry around. My knowledge, thought processes, and creativity – I'm a writer – were all immeasurably enriched by ereading. And that is what the act of reading is about, in any medium.
Dan to Dan, you wrote a very good intro post to my oped and I liked the balanced approach, and yes, I agree with Dr Mangen, that reading and screening just might be different experiences, not superior or inferior. I agree with her and always have. As for those above who say about my "hunch"– "Show me a real study with real results and we'll talk."
Carmen, that is why I wrote the piece. I also want to see these studies, and until then my hunch is just that a hunch. That's what hunches are for. I hope I am wrong, in fact, but my hunch pushes me to keep asking the questions. As for any current MRI and PET scan research going on, on this, NOPE! I have asked Gary Small at UCLA and Mangen and Wolf at Tufts (my alma mater, class of 71) and they all told me
1. the subject is not sexy enough to get any funding for research from govt or universities
2. the subject would cost too much money to undertake, what with MRI machines and PET scans, and all in pursuit of a hunch that might be completely wrong, so why do it?
3. most reseachers' plates are already full with studies and nobody wants to go down this road, see answers 1 and 2 above.
My guess is that we will have some real PHD research on this, the reading brain and brain chemistry re paper reading vs screen reading by……2025 AD. I will be dead then, carry on, folks. There's some interesting data to be mined here. But there's a good chance the differences, if any, will be so small, as to be negligible. I agree with Dan. On the other hand, what if I am right? Ouch.
My main impetus in writing this oped is not to say I am right, look at me, la la la, but to prod some researchers somewhere to undertake this kind of expensive unsexy study. Does anyone know of any group doing such research yet? All my sources say nobody is doing it and nobody will ever do it, as too expensive AND…..drum roll….how to get a computer screen or Kindle into an MRI machine, without it exploding? metal on metal?
Paul StJohn Mackintosh in Hong Kong read this and disagreed, telling me:
"As someone who has been ereading for over 10 years on a plethora of different devices and screen formats, I can tell you that the idea that reading on a screen is somehow bad for your brain chemistry is nonsense.
Stuck in Hong Kong, I was able to access the whole range of Gutenberg classics, instantly, for free. I spent far more time reading than I otherwise would have done, because I could carry my library with me everywhere and read it anywhere. I immersed myself in the great literature of the past to a far deeper extent than I would ever have done if I had been dependent on what paper books I could buy and carry around. My knowledge, thought processes, and creativity – I'm a writer – were all immeasurably enriched by ereading. And that is what the act of reading is about, in any medium. "
It would be interesting to know if the author refers to pure text or text with charts, graphs, illustrations, etc. I have been reading on a Kindle for almost 5 years now, mostly straight text, and my subjective experience does not show any lack of retention for what I want to keep. A study would have to take into account the amount of reading done. For instance, would retention be better for someone who only reads 5 books a year as opposed to 150? And does the 150 book reader really WANT to remember every detail?
I just don't see the logic behind it. When we read, we register the shapes of the letters and translate them to the significanses we learned once. And we reflect upon the meaning of the text. How this would be affected by the way those letter-forms were created is a mystery to me.
Also I wonder where an E-ink screen would stand in this. Is it more like a Screen because it's changeable, or more like paper because it's not backlit?
Cognitive science is not silent on comparative screen/print reading. Their discipline is based in brain functions and constructs of memory, memory encoding and planning activities that characterize human perceptions. Books are a very recent prosthesis of conceptual works encoded to devices and they are specifically refined to augment the busy mind.
An interesting aspect is the extra-bodily nature of books even though they effectively encode conceptual works of the mind. Onto that issue can be added distinctions such as screen or paper display and many other sub-distinctions of these.
Books influence memory and retention, especially in recursive construction of concepts. This can be illustrated with the evolution of language; we do not use a word once. The meaning builds as we use a word again and again. Books actually become especially important in long-term meaning where concepts are relayed across time and cultures.
Here one factor, not quickly disputed, becomes important; screen-reading devices are libraries as they display many books while a print book displays only a single title. Recursive transmission is facilitated with objects such as paper book. They provide an immutable display of a single conceptual work and are authenticated as such. This strange, almost paradoxical, efficiency (extreme DRM if you will!) helps to explain reliance on paper books.
Screen books also present extra-bodily display of conceptual works, but the displays are actually as variable, transient, interrupted and conglomerated as our busy minds. This is why students avoid learning risks presented by screen textbooks.
Maybe years of watching TV have conditioned us to store anything we see on a screen in short term memory.
Here's a review of Proust and the Squid:
Although I suspect that this is a collection of ill-founded assertions, I have to qualify that with the observation that precious little objective research has been done to understand the differences, if any, between the content of eBooks and pBooks. It's only been very recently that eBooks even approached the availability of pBooks. There's just not enough data.
It is certainly a worthy topic since it seems that pBooks will, if only for economic reasons, soon be a distant memory.
Show the data: print publishing revenue finances screen formats. That ranges from university presses to Wired magazine where e versions are enabled by print revenues. In terms of units sales they will stabilize at 60% print to 40% (not yet 20%) screen. In terms of revenue 3/4 print for 1/4 screen. I am not factoring device sales which is a consumer electronics issue rather than book publishing.
Mary above, good questions and I also don't know the answers. And Frank re "I have to qualify that with the observation that precious little objective research has been done to understand the differences, if any, between the content of eBooks and pBooks [SINCE] it's only been very recently that eBooks even approached the availability of pBooks [and] there's just not enough data. " SO YES: "It is certainly a worthy topic since it seems that pBooks will, if only for economic reasons, soon be a distant memory."
LET THE MRI AND PET SCAN research begin! Come what may.
And let me be wrong! I want to be wrong!
Interesting that I came across this just now – I just read today, in a book intended for higher-ed teachers who want to improve their students learning processes, that there's evidence (from 89 and 96) suggesting that people read 30% slower when they read from a screen rather than from a page. So people interact visually in different ways in the two kinds of cases.
This suggested to me that there might also be evidence, though it wasn't presented in this context, to think that people might not be doing the same kind of congizing (not a word) when they read from a screen rather than from a page… The research you cite above seems to confirm this notion.
I guess it's not surprising. I seem to read MUCH slower and less effectively in general when I read from a screen.
(The book I note above is Terry Doyle's "Helping Students Learn in a Learner-Centered Environment:…" from 2008)
(I had the same question as someone above – I wonder how the screen-reading research translates to the E-ink on Kindles?)
Retweeted by canadian novelist and sci fi maven margaret atwood, whose brother is a neuroscientist
"Is E-Reading Bad for the Brain? '– teleread.com/e-readers/the-… etc
I would guess that "reading from a screen" in that case refers to a computer screen or the like. For me, reading from an e-ink screen is better than from a printed page because there is less hassle in all things, page turning, etc, and I can make the font whatever size I need it to be for comfortable reading. I am probably reading more books now on my Kindle than back when I was reading paper books.
@Mary, I see your point too and it makes sense, too. Reading on paper or screens is a personal matter, sure. What we need to find out from hard science, neuroscience, is if different regions of the brain light up for paper reading compared to screen reading, and which regions and any difference? Perhaps same regions and no difference. Perhaps different regions and big difference. We need the MRI and PET scan mavens to weigh in on this.
As one of the top researchers and writers in this field just emailed me after reading Dan Eldridge's post above said to me:
""Thanks so much, Dan Bloom, for sending TeleRead piece on! ***How I wish we all had the real evidence we need to make better, more informed judgements.***"
Kindest wishes to you , PHD scientist looking into this too."


text:
Pittsburgh Penguins star Evgeny Malkin has snatched yet another individual prize as he was handed the Kharlamov Trophy at a ceremony in Moscow.
"This prize is very valuable for me because the winner is chosen by the players themselves, Malkin said. "It's nice when friends off the ice and enemies on the rink are watching your game, and are even afraid of you at times," he laughed.
The Kharlamov Trophy is awarded to the Russian Player of the Year in the NHL, and the 25-year-old fully deserved the honors, becoming the regular season's top scorer with 53 goals and 64 assists.
"Sergey Fedorov, Pavel Datsyuk, Aleksandr Ovechkin, Ilya Kovalchuk have got this award in the past, and I am proud to stand in the same line with such talented players," the player said. "This is a great honor. I want to win the Kharlamov Trophy next season as well and I'll do everything to get it."
According to Geno, he was so successful last season because he didn't pay attention to what media wrote about him.
And that was the secret the man wanted to share with the Russian football squad, who are currently playing at Euro 2012.
"All I can say is that they should play as a team," he said. "They are under much pressure now. I hope they don't read the papers too much. They should just relax and do their best. Just get on the pitch, be a team and give away everything from start to finish. No matter what the score is, you can always come back. And we should always do our best as fans and then the guys will be able to win a medal, even gold."
Malkin was named the Most Valuable Player at the World Championships in Sweden and Finland last month.
He's also nominated for the prestigious NHL individual award – the Hart Memorial Trophy (League MVP) and Ted Lindsay Award (Most Outstanding Player).

subset: commoncrawl


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15th Biennial Stonewall Jackson Symposium - Overview
THOMAS J. "STONEWALL" JACKSON was a devout and conscientious college professor from western Virginia who became one of the world's great generals. The name "Stonewall" had become nearly a household word by the time Jackson died as a result of wounds received at the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863.
Thomas J. Jackson lived in Lexington from 1851-1861, while a professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy and an instructor of Artillery Tactics at the Virginia Military Institute. In Lexington, Jackson joined the Presbyterian Church, married, bought a house, planted a garden and lived quietly as a private citizen.
The fifteenth biennial Stonewall Jackson Symposium, sponsored by the Stonewall Jackson House, will provide an opportunity to examine the career and personality of this complex and fascinating man. Lectures by historians and biographers currently involved in research will explore Jackson's career as a teacher, his inability to choose successful subordinates, his narrow victory at Cedar Mountain, his leadership on the field of battle, his relationships with other generals, and the lasting legacy of his death.
While in Lexington, symposium participants are invited to visit the only home that Jackson ever owned, the Virginia Military Institute where Jackson taught, the campus of Washington and Lee University where he once lived, and to explore the streets of the town he loved.
THE STONEWALL JACKSON HOUSE is one of three museums operated by the Virginia Military Institute Museum System. The Stonewall Jackson House receives no state funds. Support for the House comes from admission fees, sales of books and other items in the Museum Shop, contributions, and grants from foundations or agencies through the VMI Foundation. Proceeds from the symposium help support the House and its programs. Contributions to the VMI Foundation to preserve the Stonewall Jackson House and support its ongoing programs are welcome and are tax deductible to the extent allowed by law.


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Good for you fidgetbones.
When you think about it, meadow's and wild gardens are really the norm,
Its us the gardeners who are the odd balls, we want just certain flowers, and half of them come from the other side of the world "But" we must have gardens with only the selected plants
Plants that really shouldn't be in our part of the globe as the conditions they should be grown in are not our weather charted system,
The plants that are for our weather system we dont want.
Weeds are still plants it's just that they're the not wanted ones.
Ive just returned from a nice walk with the dogs,
I walk down a track for a few miles and then through a woods to a small stream,
On the way back i could smell this beautiful smell coming from the hedge but could'nt see anything unusual,
It ended up like a game of getting closer and closer to the hedge to find this smell !!!
And as you get nearer the now stronger smell it hits you and the eye catches the little flowers hiding amoung the hedge "Honey suckle " what a smell,
The secrets out.
Ive got it in my own garden but in a place for all to see, this little beauti was hiding and its been there for years,
Its worth getting up and out early to see the wild life all feeding and starting the day off,The early morning mist floating about like some ghostly sciene from a film,
And the sheer beauti of the spiders web hanging from the leaves of the oak tree hedge like some silk master piece made from an artist,
really is worth taking a few mins to have a good luck at what a spider can make,
As i was doing this the dogs are all looking for the pear/apple wind falls just growing away along the track,
Im amazed the super market sells any apples etc when so many are here just waiting tobe picked.
It's a nice feel to be able to do this walk and find the odd secret natures hidden away while we amble through the woods,
I wonder how many eyes are watching us as we continue on our way?
Ive found young fox cubs and baby deer standing on this path in the past
"Just looking at me" to young to fear man, to young and curious to run "until their mother gives the call "danger" get here now.
Wonderful thing nature and this time of the season when natures larder is over flowing with free food for all.
for all year round deviding type hedging your normal "yellow" privit planted 9 inch apart and clipped once its got to the 2 feet high will grow in sun or shade and also acts as a wind break for lower growing plants (if you use this hedge as a border devider ie from lawn to border)
Ive such a hedge near to the crushed slate path leading to an arch and its works well,
its been in now for two years and has settled nice, (all knitted togather and nice & bushy)
its needs are few "but a lot of people never think to feed a hedge and this causes anything such as bulbs planted to near not to suceed as the hedge takes all the near food from the soil"
So give a general pellet feed of the likes of grow more once a year and the hedge will be fine.
I chose the yellow as it mixes in nice with the green of the lawn.
And as ive said thes epeope have a lot of get up and go and time on their hands,if they want a wider or narrower bed then im sure they've the brain to do just what they want,
Your average arm length is two feet, without leaning out, why dont you go into the garden sit in a chair or on the side of the border and see just how far you can reach and then comment on this idea before you knock or agree with others.,?
The trouble with so called normal people is they expect everything to be easy, your remark ref taking time to make and how much filling is required, !!!!
Im taking about a long term project to help these people not a quick two minute thing, gardening to those who've done it for any time will tell you the biggest problem for the knew to gardening is the same as the little kid who has a plant planted for them "they keep pulling it up to see if its growing, ie PATIENCE
Its what every gardener must have if they are ever hoping to suceed, Nature wont go any faster just to please you.
If you we're in a situation that the rest of your life was taken up by time and "Not" being able to do what you once did wouldnt you want a challenge in your life?
Or did you think every thing should be quick and easy?
You doubt all you like, but the idea was for those who'd say my body may have changed but the rest of me has needs and using my time to do things is one off a them,
Thank christ not everyone is a giver upper or knock it before ive tried it,
before they've even started and again thank christ some people dont keep looking at how many problems they can fine in life.
Did you know they've invented the wheel ?
I said approx 3 ft on both sides and i would'nt say 3 feet if i thought it was out of the question, but im sure such people needing a bit of help to do such a hobby will decide on what they can reach & have the beds for their reach, "wouldn't you?
Why is it that for the second time in as many weeks you seem to find fault with my
threads, are you some sort of trouble maker? Or just cant find a subject to write about of your own?
My intention is to try and help people and that's all,
Ive plenty to do with my time without dealing with people like you,
Ive been counting my blessings today ref being fit enough to get around the garden without any help from people or sticks/wheelchair etc,
But what about those who have now been delt a bad card in life and find for verious reasons they're now unable to be as active as they once wer'e!!!!
Is gardening as a hobby to much for such people?
Well ive met a few people in that very situation and one thing ive found repeated time & time again is that these people have the most strongest will power you have ever seen,
But how can they garden and get results?
A bit of thought and a plan,
Whats that saying "something " about if you cant get to the mountain then bring the mountain to you (or something like that)
So why not make the gardening a bit different!
You can't bend down to the soil so lets try raising the soil to your level or at least the chair level or kneeling level,
With a bit of initial planning a raised bed garden can really work,
And the good thing about raised beds is that they are easy to weed and are kinder on the eye and mind,
what im talking about here is "lets say you have a boxed area 10 feet long by 6 feet wide, with plenty of space all around this boxed area for a wheel chair to be used,
By being able to weed 3 feet on one side and then go to the other side and repeat the 3 feet weeding you'll soon be able to weed the complete bed in one go!!!!
unlike if you have a plot thats 20 feet long by 15 feet wide and needs weeding
"you'll soon find how quick the weeds re-start growing before your at the far end and after a days weeding that final look before you call it a day and the sight is still more weeds to be delt with next time "isn't a nice sight,
With raised beds you can deal with one bed at a time and finsh the jobs quicker hence you'll soon be growing a variety of crops or flowers before you know it,
Protection from birds is made easy via sections of small wire covers to keep birds at bay,
You can even make covers to act as a mini greenhouse or cold frame to speed up seeds etc,
The beauti of raised beds is 'it's your task and for you to keep in order"
Time on your hands with nothing to do can and is a killer, So if you've never done any gardening and you find it difficult to kill time because your not able to move about as you once did!
This is a thought well worth thinking about "raised beds".
Its a funny old world the gardening one,
Now ref fruit trees if you dont look after them and from the sounds of your ivy/bind weed youv'e not made any attempt to help the tree by clearing the base ground area so both feed can be provided and the weeds dont share what foods already in the soil etc,
Now coming back to "it's a funny old world the gardening one,
I walk my dogs down a long track to a stream every day and i see apple and pear trees in the hedge row's that have been there for years & years and never given any form of care, "Yet" they are covered in fruit every year, "Small" fruit but never the less tons of it, (Why) leave mold feed from the other hedge sharing trees.
If you care for your fruit from day one ie its planting location (sunny spot) and not in the shade all day every day, and the trees pruned "all cross over the centre twigs removed so light and air can get to the heart of the tree,
the tree's not over loaded with fruit "if you want good sized fruit, keep it sensible ie dont have so much fruit that the weight of fruit is causing the trees wood to break, and the trees trying to feed to much little fruit,
But most of all feed the tree by (1) use mulch at the base to both feed and also keep the tree's roots moist, this is we're your top growth comes from "the roots"
I myself have an orchard and around all 34 fruit trees both of apple /pear/ peach/cherry/ plum ,
around every tree ive cut a circle approx 2 feet from the trees trunk and i plant daffs muscari etc in these circled rings for a spring show and i use general fertilizer to feed both the bulbs and the tree's (manure can also be used )
this method looks good in the spring with all the flowers in full bloom and knowing whats happening ref the growing time for the tree's.
Now ref plums and any stone fruit they need to be fed if you want good fruit but stone fruits dont always fruit every year, the weather can and will have a big effect on the results,ie to much rain or little sun etc can cause poor pollination,
If you have a think about what ive said and only you'll know if your looking after the tree! and you sort out any lacking points ive talked about!
then i see no reason why you shouldn't have a good clean crop.
The roots are there and the less waste they"re trying to feed the better good fruit you'll get.
Ive had in all 4 greenhouses in my life time of gardening and if your willing to read a bit of a long advice thread ?
Then here it is,
First of all the best place to look is the local papers that sell everything from cars to gardening stuff,
These local to your area will have second hand greenhouse's at a fraction of the price of a new one and depending on what the frame of the house is made of ie wood or alloy will be a factor to think about "but "more about this subject of alloy or wood later,
The advantage of second hand is you've a good chance of getting the staging thrown in with the sale or at a very good price and heater etc etc ,
most people who are selling second hand are moving or have just decided to give up greenhouse work.
Now you may have to take down the greenhouse and if its one of the metal ones then the glass should be held in place via metal clips & these are easy to remove and if you use warm water on the glass you'll find each piece will come out of the frame easy.
Or a hair dryer can also do a good job of loosening the glass from the rubber seal.
TIP? mark every section of the frame so you'll know we're each piece will fit back when errecting,
IE 1r 2r 3r (1 right side) 2r = 2 rightside and then for the left side just continue to mark that side. And so on.
Its not as hard as one may think to re-errect an greenhouse if you mark and put down on paper the location of each section & the ends & sides can be taken as one section ie right side stays as one right side, the door end stays as a door end etc etc this will give you on a normal two sided and two ended greenhouse four sections to put back together, the roof again can be removed in sections.
Wooden frames are a better heat retainer than metal "but wood tends to have problems as they can rot,
Metal dont rot and need little care.
Secondhand greenhouses really can save you a fortune.
I feel glass rather than plastic is much better and last a lot longer.
Ref potting,
Ive a potting plastic enclosed section thats sitting on the staging in my greenhouse and the bags of compost are under the staging, so i use the greenhouse as both.
Hope this has given you an idea how to save money and still have a greenhouse.
Many thanks for both reading and the replies,
Just to finish off on this subject,
Firstly, not everyone has the www P.C a lot of people dont, same as mobile phones not all the country have or would want one, so to say just google for info would not be of use to these people,
The second point that's come up is a full program on servicing !!
I was thinking of a section of a good gardening program and ref people being bored stiff, im sure if they we're thinking of spending £300 on a good make of strimmer they'd find the effort to both see and hear what the program's experienced staff had to say ref good points and bad points before anyone buys!!!
The gardening programs that we're expected to watch are not pulling in the viewers due to untrained so called experienced people in front of the camera,
Im sure fully trained gardening folk must be really annoyed seeing such people doing what the trained gardener should be doing,
7 years training should stand for something!
the programs need new life and new ways of looking at the flooded market of gardening products on offer, 'A lot are rubbish & cheap,
Such things that need looking at are the 12 month warranty on the likes of mowers/rotovators when in fact you cant use them for 12 month as we have winter and these machines are sitting in the shed,
A better way would be 2 years and infact user time on a 2 year warranty works out at 12month allowing for non use time,
Who's speaking up for the gardener on subjects such as this ??
A good gardening program that was heard by the manufacturing people may stand up and offer a better warranty deal?????
Last but i feel important point, A lot of people dont have the income to spare buying all kinds of gardening products and a lot of the products we're not around years ago yet the gardeners had verious well tried & tested methods of gardening without the need for a high income to enjoy their hobby,
I'd like to see these people offered the verious ways of gardening instead of being left out due to lack of funds to spend on products & ways to deal with such problems.
Many people are suffering at the moment because of poor wages or even no work available, these people would welcome a bit of good gardening programs with the help of how to do such & such in different cost effective ways.


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Confidential services, including non-medical counseling and specialty consultations, are available through Military OneSource. Eligible individuals may receive confidential services at no cost. Check eligibility. International Calling Options.
Log in to your Military OneSource account to access online counseling services.
Click here to access confidential non-medical counseling and resources to balance and improve work performance and overall health.
In July, Military OneSource can help you be ready for change.
If you would like to become a blogger for Blog Brigade, click the link below to find out how!.
For many military spouses, moving across the country or overseas with a baby is part of the normal mobile military life. For others, the experience is brand new. Whether you are a permanent change of station move veteran or you're brand new to the routine, as a parent it is important to stay vigilant with safe infant sleep practices. Your baby's life depends on it!
Moving with an infant is a demanding process. Did you remember to copy your baby's medical and immunization records? Did you pack enough baby food and formula? Do you have enough diapers to get you to your destination? The list seems endless. While these questions are running through your head, you are also still balancing the demands of the rest of your household, including other children, pets and travel arrangements. The whole PCS process can be exhausting, like many other challenges that can arise during a move, but you absolutely can make sure that your infant stays safe, healthy and properly cared for throughout the trip.
Sleep is something you probably hope your baby will be doing a lot of on the trip, but you need to make sure that all sleep is safe sleep for your baby. With the many things on your to-do list during your PCS, planning for your infant's sleep environment may be one of the most important and, unfortunately, one of the most overlooked.
Placing a baby to sleep in an adult bed, with other children or adults, or on another alternative sleep space such as a couch or chair presents a risk for suffocation, strangulation or a dangerous fall. While you wouldn't consciously do anything to hurt your baby, there is a real danger of you losing track of your baby while you're sleeping, resulting in you rolling over your baby or allowing your baby to roll over the side of the bed.
Since your baby is safest in a crib free of any other objects, take the necessary measures to ensure that you pack or have access to a crib or portable crib any time you stop during your move and when you arrive at your destination. Ensure your crib is safe and secure, and if you are using a portable crib, be sure to check it against safety guidelines for portable cribs.
To help you maintain a safe sleep environment while you are on the move, use the following sleep safety checklist. It's as simple as saying, "Baby S.A.F.E."
Remember that travel can affect every family member's sleep habits, including your infant's. In the midst of a move, your infant may pick up on the disruption and may need extra time falling asleep. During your move, try to be as consistent as possible with your baby's sleep routine and use your baby's crib as a haven of safety and comfort during this hectic time. With these basic precautions, you can rest easy each night of your trip knowing that your baby is sleeping safely.
For additional support, connect with the New Parent Support Program at your installation. If you aren't near a military installation, contact your state's Joint Family Support Assistance Program or Military OneSource at 800-342-9647.
Stay up to date on all things related to Service and Family Members.
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Service members, family members, surviving family members, service providers and leaders rely on Military OneSource for policy, procedures, timely articles, cutting-edge social media tools and support. All in one place, empowering our military community.
Release 06.30.15.1.184.108.40.206.2


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Alternate Saturdays 4:30-7:30 pm
Hosted by Nancy Ellen. Bluestockings' Ball alternates readings from selected non-fiction books that are of interest and eclectic musical selections.
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"Dealing with Space Age is easy there is always someone helpful and knowledgeable available to assist when we need it most."
A managed services provider (MSP) takes care of you entire IT setup and deals with any problems that may arise, often before you even become aware of them.
IT problems need to be managed by people experienced in solving the issues they're faced with. Every time your IT is down for whatever reason your business is losing productivity and that has a negative effect on your bottom line.
Do you have the resources and manpower to handle any and all IT related incidents?
© 2015 Space Age Technologies


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|« Back to Article
Texas A&M tabs UH's Rhoades as candidate for AD position
By Brent Zwerneman | May 10, 2012 | Updated: May 10, 2012 10:02pm
Photo By Nick de la Torre/Houston Chronicle
University of Houston athletic director Mack Rhoades explains why he wanted to change he UH logo during a press conference, Tuesday, April 10, 2012, in Houston. The new UH logo will not have navy blue and an embossed look to the block letters.
Photo By Smiley N. Pool
SMILEY N. POOL: CHRONICLE A HECTIC TIME: UH athletic director Mack Rhoades, left, meeting ESPN's Kirk Herbstreit, has had an eventful year, including the school's hosting College GameDay for the first time. The months ahead promise to be busy as well.
Photo By Melissa Phillip
University of Houston Director of Athletics Mack Rhoades speaks to the media about the interim head coach Tony Levine in the Carl Lewis Auditorium of the UH Athletics Alumni Center Saturday, Dec. 10, 2011, in Houston. Former Houston Cougars head coach Kevin Sumlin left to become the head coach at Texas A&M. ( Melissa Phillip / Houston Chronicle )
Photo By Brett Coomer/Chronicle
In his two-plus years as UH athletic director, Mack Rhoades has been successful in raising funds for the reconstruction and renovation of the school's facilities.
Photo By James Nielsen/Chronicle
UH athletic director Mack Rhoades left, and women's basketball coach Todd Buchanan watch the NCAA Tournament selection show on television at Buffalo Wild Wings Grill & Bar on Monday in Pearland.
Photo By Brett Coomer/Chronicle
UH athletic director Mack Rhoades and his Rice counterpart expressed loyalty to C-USA.
Photo By Brett Coomer/Chronicle
Mack Rhoades sees a first-rate sports program as a meaningful part of the fabric of a great university.
Photo By Thomas B. Shea/For the Chronicle
Newly-appointed UH basketball coach James Dickey talks with athletic director Mack Rhoades in his office.
COLLEGE STATION — Houston athletic director Mack Rhoades is a candidate to replace Bill Byrne as Texas A&M's athletic director, a person with knowledge of the situation said Thursday.
Rhoades, 46, has spent nearly three years at UH and spent the prior three years as Akron's athletic director. He also was at Texas-El Paso for seven years in a variety of roles as an assistant athletic director. The Aggies hired new football coach Kevin Sumlin from UH in December.
A&M on Wednesday announced an 11-member search committee, co-chaired by A&M regent Jim Wilson and A&M vice president for marketing and communications Jason Cook, and said the firm of Parker Executive Search would help in tabbing Byrne's replacement. Byrne retired Tuesday with more than a year remaining on his contract.
The Aggies are entering the Southeastern Conference on July 1, a shift from the Big 12 spearheaded by A&M president R. Bowen Loftin and Wilson. Byrne wasn't involved in the move to the new league from the Big 12, which he helped found while at Nebraska in the early 1990s.


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The Matthew Shepard Foundation's resource website for LGBT and allied young people, MatthewsPlace.com, is excited to have Nick Norton write about faith issues with the site's users.
We are happy to offer this perspective for LGBT people of faith, especially the added dimensions faith can have on self acceptance and the coming out process.
You can read Nick's first two blog posts about faith and doubt on Matthew's Place today.


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northeast storm in a sentence
Example sentences for northeast storm
Because the highest winds remained offshore, the shoreline conditions were similar to an unusually severe northeast storm.
Such reshaping is particularly noticeable after a severe northeast storm or the occasional hurricane.
In the area where the site is located, flooding in northeast storm events often goes to five or six feet above sea level.
Famous quotes containing the word northeast storm
The hands of those I meet are dumbly eloquent to me. The touch of some hands is an impertinence. I have met people so em... more


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text: A Loogootee man charged with Rape and Criminal Confinement in Knox County now faces a habitual offender charge. That means 30-year-old Mitchel Cunningham faces up to 60-years in prison if convicted on all charges. Cunningham appeared for his initial hearing Wednesday in Knox County Superior Court-One. A preliminary plea of not guilty was entered on Cunningham's behalf and his case set for trial in November. After receiving some help from the public, Vincennes Police arrested Cunningham earlier this month in connection with a rape that occurred on June 29th. The habitual offender charge was filed due to Cunningham's earlier conviction on charges of theft, burglary, and fraud on a financial institution in Owen County. Cunningham's bond was increased from $25,000 to $50,000 Wednesday as required under the state's habitual offender statute.


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Air Monitoring Results
Fish Tissue Data Results
Soil and Ash Results
Surface Water Results
Water Treatment Results
Roane County Government
TVA Kingston Update
TN Department of Health
TN Wildlife Resources Agency
U.S. EPA Kingston Update
The Department of Environment and Conservation has established a continuous air monitoring station North-Northeast of the coal ash slide site with support and assistance from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
The department's air monitoring setup at this station currently includes a PM10 TEOM (continuous particulate monitor) and a HiVol (high volume TSP sampler) for metals analysis. Preliminary results for the TEOM indicate PM10 (particulate matter 10 microns and smaller in size) are below the PM10 standard of 150 ug/m3.
The department is continually evaluating the monitoring results to determine whether additional monitoring locations, types of monitors and/or monitoring frequency should be utilized.
The department's Division of Air Pollution Control has also implemented procedures to help ensure that the generation of fugitive dust from the spilled ash does not impact air quality as it dries and becomes windborne.
Summary results from the air quality monitoring station and regular updates on the department's air monitoring coordination efforts at the TVA Kingston Ash Slide site will be posted to this page.
Air Monitoring for Particulate Matter near TVA Kingston ash slide
(01/01/2012 to 04/12/2012 TEOM Data)
(01/04/2012 to 02/03/2012 Metals Data)
Click here for more information regarding Particulate Matter 10 (PM 10) Monitoring
Click here to view the Department of Health Web page for helpful information resources on results of air monitoring at the site of coal ash slide.
Air Monitoring Results Status Report - Feb. 2, 2009
Air Monitoring Results Status Report - March 31, 2009


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S.F. killing sparks national outrage, likely political fallout
Pier killing suspect, in jailhouse interview, admits firing gun
Dear Abby: Mom of baby born of affair is bitter and unpleasant
Japan's huge sex problem is setting up a 'demographic time...
30 places every California kid should see before growing up
Posts filtered on Category
Mel Gibson: 'Shia LaBeouf is suffering'
Hollywood veteran Mel Gibson has spoken out in defense of troubled actor Shia LaBeouf, insisting his recent bizarre behavior is proof he is "suffering in some way".
The "Transformers" star is currently seeking treatment for alcoholism after he was escorted out of a Broadway show and arrested following an altercation with theatre security staff on June 26. He was subsequently charged with disorderly conduct, criminal trespass and harassment, but pleaded not guilty to the counts.
The incident was the latest in a string of headline-grabbing stunts, including wearing a brown paper bag on his head while walking the red carpet at a German film festival earlier this year and using the same prop as part of an odd art installation in Los Angeles.
Now Gibson, who has faced his own personal controversies, including a 2006 DUI arrest, during which he hurled anti-Semitic remarks at a Jewish police officer, admits he sympathizes with LaBeouf, because he knows how hard living life under the public eye can be.
However, Gibson is confident the 28-year-old will bounce back from his troubles.
In a candid interview with IndieWire.com, the "Braveheart" actor says, "You're a target. And you have to be really adept at tap dancing and dodging the bullets. And sometimes you get hit. And sometimes mortally. It's pretty bad.
"When I see someone like Shia LaBeouf with the bag on his head and stuff, my heart goes out to the poor guy. I think he's suffering in some way.
"Why would he do that? People are inclined to sort of point the finger at him and say that he's this, that, or the other. It's easy to judge. But I'm sure he's going through some kind of personal, very painful, cathartic thing that he has to exorcise and get out there. He'll probably play it out and come back. Whatever it happens to be.
"He'll be all right. I actually like the kid. I think he's good. I never met him, but I like him."
Gary Oldman addresses Mel Gibson remarks on TV
Gary Oldman used a scheduled appearance on "Jimmy Kimmel Live!" to apologize for his remarks about Mel Gibson's race row, explaining he "should know better."
"The Dark Knight" star hit headlines this week following the publication of an interview with Playboy magazine, in which Oldman spoke about Gibson's infamous anti-Semitic tirade during a 2006 arrest.
Oldman suggested the Braveheart actor was unfairly ostracized due to "political correctness" and he claimed Hollywood is "run by Jews."
He came under fire from officials at America's Anti-Defamation League (ADL), who condemned his comments. Oldman apologised in a statement to the society on Wednesday and used a scheduled appearance on the late night talk show to express his sorrow over the scandal.
Oldman told Kimmel, "I said some things that were poorly considered and once I had seen it in print I could see that it was offensive, insensitive, pernicious, and ill-informed. Words have meaning. They carry weight and they carry on long after you've said them and I don't condone or excuse the words I used in any context. I just basically shouldn't have used them in any context, but I did and I have deeply injured and wounded a great many people. So, I appreciate you having me here and extending your hospitality to put me in this seat once again and it gives me the opportunity to say to those people that I, from my heart, I am profoundly sorry and deeply apologetic. Especially to the fans because they have been so incredible to me and very loyal. My nickname (for them is) 'Team Oldman' and I really feel that I let them down. … I'm a public figure. I should be an example and an inspiration, and I'm an a-hole. I'm 56 and should know better."
He later added, "I just think that we're public figures and sometimes we're looked upon, asked to be social or cultural or political commentators and, I can't speak for other people, but I'm not, clearly. I stepped out of my area of expertise and I just landed both feet in a hornet's nest … it came over in a certain way and for that, I'm deeply sorry."
Mel Gibson's arresting officer hits back at Gary Oldman
The police officer who arrested Mel Gibson in 2006 has blasted Gary Oldman for wading into the debate over the "Braveheart" star's racial slur scandal in a new interview.
Gibson burst into an anti-Semitic tirade while he was being arrested for drink-driving by a Jewish police officer, James Mee, in California eight years ago, and the case is back in the news this week following the release of Oldman's interview with Playboy magazine.
In the article, Oldman suggests Gibson was unfairly outcast by Hollywood following the scandal, adding, "We're all f— hypocrites. That's what I think about it. The policeman who arrested him has never used the word n— or that f— Jew?… It's the hypocrisy of it that drives me crazy…"
Mee has now spoken out to criticize "The Dark Knight" star for his remarks, telling TMZ.com, "I'm Jewish and why would I say that to discredit my own religious make-p? The N-word is a scary word. I would never even dream of using it. It sickens me that anyone would use that word. … Jews have been persecuted and put down over the years. Why would I, as a Jew, do that to other races? … I feel sorry for people that need to say things about other people in order to justify themselves."
Gibson publicly apologized for the outburst, claiming it was a "moment of insanity," and after three years probation, the arrest was removed from his record in 2009.
Mel Gibson's ex loses settlement after violating gag order
Mel Gibson's ex-girlfriend Oksana Grigorieva has reportedly lost the settlement agreement she made following her split from the actor after violating a confidentiality agreement.
Grigorieva and Gibson became embroiled in a heated custody battle in 2011, which eventually resulted in the "Lethal Weapon" star agreeing to pay her $750,000 in installments until 2016.
On Wednesday editors at TMZ.com reported that the Russian songwriter had filed for bankruptcy and now the website's writers claim the settlement agreement has also been revoked after she violated a gag order preventing her from discussing her time with the actor.
Court sources tell the website the violation relates to an interview Grigorieva gave with radio shock-jock Howard Stern in October, during which she described her relationship with Gibson as "painful and dark."
Her comments were allegedly enough for a judge to rule that she had violated the order, which prevents her from discussing her life with the actor, and she will not receive the remaining installments of her settlement, which are said to amount to $375,000.
Mel Gibson's ex files for bankruptcy
Mel Gibson's former girlfriend Oksana Grigorieva has filed for bankruptcy.
The "Lethal Weapon" star and the Russian songwriter were involved in a heated custody battle over their young daughter Lucia in 2011, and Grigorieva won $750,000 from the settlement, which is to be paid in installments until 2016.
But three years later, her funds have dissipated, and Grigorieva has filed for bankruptcy, according to TMZ.com.
In legal documents obtained by the news site, she has declared $48,000 in assets, but $438,000 in debts.
Grigorieva claims she is owed money for song royalties as well as paintings she's created.
And while her incoming funds include Gibson's $20,000 a month in child support, as well as $2,500 from actor Timothy Dalton, with whom she has a son, it is not enough to cover her debt.
In the bankruptcy documents, Grigorieva states that most of her debt stems from the legal fees she ran up during her custody battle against Gibson. She was initially offered a $15 million settlement from Gibson in 2010, but she refused it.
Mel Gibson stopped by police in California
Hollywood actor Mel Gibson had a heated encounter with police officers in Malibu, Calif., last weekend after his car was stopped close to the scene of his infamous 2006 arrest.
The "Braveheart" star was driving along the Pacific Coast Highway with a female passenger on Saturday when police officers stopped the car at a checkpoint.
Cops were satisfied Gibson had not been drinking, but asked to see his driving license and the actor allegedly became angry after telling the officers he did not have the correct paperwork with him, according to TMZ.com.
The website reports Gibson allegedly raised his voice to the cops, who calmed the tensions before letting the star off with a warning.
Gibson was arrested on the same stretch of road back in 2006 on a driving under the influence charge. The anti-Semitic comments he made during the arrest hit headlines and haunted him for years afterwards.
Mel Gibson's ex-wife lands part of star's retirement package
Mel Gibson will hand over half of his Screen Actors Guild pension benefits to his ex-wife Robyn as part of their divorce settlement, according to legal documents.
The actor split from his spouse, who he wed in 1980, in 2006 and she filed for legal separation in April 2009, citing "irreconcilable differences" for ending their marriage.
Gibson, whose divorce was finalized in December, handed over an estimated $425 million to his ex – and it has now emerged part of his retirement package will also go to his former partner.
TMZ.com has obtained documents relating to the case. The documents reveal Robyn will receive 50 percent of the Screen Actors Guild pension benefits Gibson accumulated during their marriage, as well as a "big chunk" of the star's Directors Guild of America pension benefits.
She will also receive half of the benefits Gibson accumulated through their production company Icon during their marriage, according to the website.
Mel Gibson sparks new romance rumors
Actor Mel Gibson has sparked rumors of a new romance after he was pictured with aspiring musician Nadia Lanfranconi.
The actor was seen giving singer and songwriting Lanfranconi a neck massage in full view of onlookers as they dined at Morels French Steakhouse & Bistro at The Grove shopping center in Los Angeles on Monday.
Lanfranconi, who moved to the U.S. from her native Italy in 2007, was photographed enjoying a stroll will Gibson after their meal.
Gibson split from Russian pianist Oksana Grigorieva in 2010.
Mel Gibson's stepmother files for restraining order
Mel Gibson is facing another legal headache – his stepmother has filed a restraining order against the actor/director.
Teddy Joye Hicks Gibson, 78, who is currently in the middle of a divorce from the movie star's father Hutton, claims she fears for her safety at the hands of her stepson after he threatened her.
In legal documents filed by the pensioner and obtained by TMZ.com, Hicks Gibson has taken aim at the "Braveheart" star's infamous temper, claiming he and his sister Maura hate her.
In the papers, her attorney Brian J. Kramer claims much of the drama is related to "experimental Ozone treatments" Mel and his sister want their ailing father to consider. Hicks Gibson is opposed to the treatment.
During a family fight last year, Hicks Gibson accused her stepson of "yelling and saying, 'F– this and f– that' while leveling other extremely offensive language at me," adding that Mel told her "not to f– with (his father's) treatments in any way."
There was another alleged nasty encounter in March and the actor reportedly "became incensed and began acting like a wild man" during a showdown in May.
She adds, "He was so close that I could feel his spit hitting my face."
Gibson's stepmother also claims Mel and his sister are behind their father's decision to end their 11-year marriage, and that the "Lethal Weapon" star is trying to force her out of her home, which is owned by a charity the star controls.
A California judge has called a full hearing into the case next month.
Mel Gibson's temper has kept him in the headlines for all the wrong reasons in recent years – taped footage of him raging at ex-girlfriend Oksana Grigorieva during a phone call was released just before the couple's 2010 custody battle over daughter Lucia, and another rant, recorded by screenwriter Joe Eszterhas' teenage son during a working vacation in Costa Rica, was made public in April.
Mel Gibson's wild night with Maria Menounos
Mel Gibson enjoyed a dance with TV host Maria Menounos at her 34th birthday party on Saturday night.
The "Lethal Weapon" star was invited to the bash by a friend of Menounos and he swiftly made his way into the center of the room to dance with the "Extra" frontwoman.
The celebration, at Menounos' home in Encino, California, was Hawaiian-themed and Gibson donned a lei as he spun the brunette around in time to the music.
In pictures obtained by TMZ.com, Gibson can be whisking the birthday girl off her feet before she wraps her arms and legs around him as cheering onlookers watch.
After placing her back on the ground, Gibson extended his arm and invited the star to take part in a more sedate routine.
At the end of the night, Menounos took to her Twitter page, writing, "4:30 am – time for bed. Party was insane! Danced my butt off! Sang my butt off… it was epic! Dancing didn't end till (sic) 3am!"


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August 15 , 2006
Whitworth Foundation Announces 2006-07 Board of Directors
The Whitworth Foundation at Whitworth College announced this week the members of its board of directors for 2006-07. The board includes community leaders from a broad spectrum of businesses, as well as members of the Whitworth administration.
President: Terri Wilson, vice president for operations, Spokane Teachers Credit Union;
The purpose of The Whitworth Foundation is to help individuals establish planned gifts, such as charitable trusts and gift annuities, that provide income to donors during their lifetimes and ultimately support Whitworth College.
Joe Dinnison, executive director, The Whitworth Foundation, Whitworth College, (509) 777-4363 or email@example.com.
Greg Orwig, director of communications, Whitworth College, (509) 777-4518 or email@example.com.
Related LinksPolitics & History Home Page > Department Spotlight >


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Take Advantage of our large college coach visitor base! This basic recruiting report will contain information related to your accomplishments at various regional, state, or national wrestling meets and academics. Can be left blank.
alright so I already have a good knowledge of how to ride with legs, but I can always learn more. any tips? Any tips basic or advanced would be great


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Woman's Hour, Conversations
By Laura Studarus, Contributor
The black-and-white image of a pyramid on the cover of Conversations tells you almost everything you need to know about… more »View All
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Green Growth: A Market-based Opportunity
September 28, 2012
Article at a glance
- While a global agreement on how to advance green growth is not imminent, individual countries and companies recognize the benefits of making the economy more sustainable.
- Although economic growth and environmental protection are often perceived to be at odds, there are potential synergies between market approaches and environmental goals provided that a consensus on green growth is built through open public-private dialogue.
- Many firms in industrialized countries and emerging markets alike are already taking advantage of the win-win opportunities of green growth.
Publication Type:
Main menu
- Democratic Governance
- Access to Information
- Combating Corruption
- Business Association Development
- Corporate Governance
- Legal & Regulatory Reform
- Women
- Youth
- Informal Sector & Property Rights
- Corporate Citizenship (CSR)
- Entrepreneurship
- Asia
- South Asia
- Eurasia
- Middle East & North Africa
- Africa
- Latin America & the Caribbean
- Multiregional


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Seeing as technology is not as far advanced enough to have given the world flying cars or aeroplanes powered by toothpaste, the ability to move an island from one part of the world to another is still far out of reach. Experience a taste of Manhattan in Cape Town's own piece of it, without the need for binoculars, hopping a plane or messing around with advanced land-teleportation, with any meals off the Vanilla menu to the value of R300.
While there are many restaurants which try to pass themselves off as fine-dining just by filling their menu with unpronounceable, obscure dishes and hiring snooty waiters, Vanilla combines all that class and sophistication with an easy, relaxed atmosphere. Whether you're a struggling artist, or a Lady Who Lunches, with the combination of old favourites and elaborate new inventions on the menu, there's always something for everyone to enjoy.
Very few places could peddle the staple food of Joe Everyman with the panache of Vanilla, which has nothing to do with the fact that it finds its home in the chic Cape Quarter. Whether it's the lamb burger with crumbly feta, fresh mint and tsatziki or the classic chicken burger with tomato salsa, both are served with a dash of sophisticated style to accompany the classic French-fries and onion rings which American sitcoms insist are a necessary addition to any meal. For those who feel that if they wanted a burger, they'd rather go for one with 178 sesame seeds on the bun, the lightly peppered crusted sirloin with caramelized onion tart tatin, grain mustard butter, beef jus and a choice of steamed vegetables or pomme frittes are an ideal departure from standard bistro fare. You could also go for the freshly delivered 'fish of the day' cooked with a delicious daily twist from the kitchen.
You and your date can enjoy your nibbles in the classy cut-crystal décor of the interior, charmed by the futuristic mood-lighting and entranced by the shiny chandelier. If the weather is good, try a taste of café society so loved by Europeans and art students everywhere and dine al fresco, maybe sipping a colourful cocktail outside on the piazza. Vanilla, a smell proven by Disney World to make people happy, wafts through the entire restaurant accompanied by soft strains of jazz music to create a relaxing atmosphere perfect for a spot of fine-dining.
Food Fact: According to a book of world records, the most expensive burger in the world is served at a New York burger-joint called The Cookie Jar. Using a pure-beef patty tenderised using a mermaid's hair brush, the burger is served with lettuce, tomato and shavings of Italian truffle.


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Recent work
Creative Holidays – Bali & Hawaii travel brochures
In 2013, I was engaged by Australia's leading independent holiday company, Creative Holidays, to update their travel brochures for Hawaii and Bali. As part of Creative Holidays' new brand, the content needed to be engaging, fresh, and relevant – enabling travellers to easily plan their own holiday experiences. Read more
Westpac Explore – consumer website
In 2013, I was engaged directly by Westpac to produce concepts, content and articles to be featured on the Westpac Explore website. This new site offers a range of handy, interactive information to help customers decide what steps to take with regards to their finances. I produced content for the share trading section of the site. Read more
Konica Minolta – website
Early in 2013, I was engaged by Devotion Digital to edit and optimise a huge volume of content to be published on the Konica Minolta Australia website. This included writing general company information, as well as product and services descriptions, and detailed product specifications. Read more
2014 Havaianas Thong Challenge – website
Late in 2013, I worked with Devotion Digital and Havaianas to write the website copy for the 2014 Havaianas Thong Challenge. Held on Australia Day every year, this popular event brings together thousands of Australians – either in backyard Havaianas BBQs, or at iconic surf beaches on giant Havaianas inflatable lilos. Read more
Hotels Combined – app description
Category | Point of sale / Retail, Travel
When it comes to finding a hotel, hotelscombined.com.au makes it incredibly easy – by instantly comparing hundreds of travel sites, and getting you the best possible price, guaranteed. In 2013, I produced several online ads for Hotels Combined, and helped them optimise the copy that's displayed on their iTunes download page. Read more
Orchard – Equal Choice campaign
Category | eDMs, Search, Websites
In 2013, I was engaged by Orchard to write the copy for a campaign to promote Equal Naturals – the new, 100% natural, stevia-based sweetener from Equal. Focused on the concept of 'choice', the campaign website (equalchoice.com.au) is an online space where anyone can make choices on a whole range of relevant, fun, and controversial topics (from gay marriage to reality TV). Read more
Cancer Council – Australia's Biggest Morning Tea 2013
Category | Banners, eDMs, Search, Social media, Video scripts, Websites
For the second year in a row, I was engaged by Cancer Council to write all of the promotional content for Australia's Biggest Morning Tea. In 2013, 32,000 Biggest Morning Teas were held across Australia, and Cancer Council raised an amazing $12,671,573 to help beat cancer. Read more
MoVida Sydney restaurant profile – Moffat Connection
Since early 2013, I have been writing regularly for Moffat – one of the world's largest suppliers of premium, high-quality commercial kitchen and restaurant equipment. On an ongoing basis, I have been writing articles and product overviews for their quarterly publication, Moffat Connection. Read more
Restaurant review for The Urban Grocer: El Loco, Surry Hills
Category | Articles, Food, Travel
As part of an ongoing relationship with The Urban Grocer, I wrote this review of the fun, popular, Sydney-based Mexican restaurant, El Loco. The Urban Grocer has a large following of passionate foodies, and they have over 6,000 followers on Facebook. Read more
Travel article on Huffington Post for Global Yodel: The World's Best Places to Make a Splash
In November 2012, I was contacted by the inspirational, US-based travel website, Global Yodel, to pull together a summary of some of their very best "yodels" (photo, illustration or video-led travel stories, written by local contributors from all over the world), and write a brief summary article to be published on the Huffington Post.
Read more


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The first vote on the women's suffrage amendment was taken in the Senate in 1878. The amendment stated that 'the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.' It was defeated by 34 votes to 16.
Please log in to consult the article in its entirety. If you are not a subscriber, please click here to read about membership. All our articles have been written recently by experts in their field, more than 95% of them university professors.


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It was bound to happen sooner or later. After all, it's a competitive world, and people do love rankings.
The groups Code for America, Sunlight Foundation and the Open Knowledge Foundation have published an Open Data Census that ranks 36 U.S. cities according to how many civic datasets they've opened to the public.
The study takes into account dozens of possible datasets, from crime data to 311 calls to restaurant inspections to GIS data. The results can be sorted by score (top scorer San Francisco at 1570 all the way to three cities at 0) or alphabetically, and viewers can take a deep dive into information on all 36 cities.
The ranking is actually a fascinating dataset in and of itself, especially for an avowed data geek like me.
What strikes me most, though, is the fact that many of the governments ranking well on the list are small and midsize cities. Governments in places such as Anchorage, Alaska (pop. 300,000), Asheville, N.C. (pop. 85,000) and Mesa, Ariz. (pop. 450,000) are doing a great job.
Sacramento Rockets to No. 3 on National Ranking
And there's Sacramento, Calif., where CIO Maria MacGunigal has led the Open Data charge. Sacramento (pop. 475,000) took a methodical, step-by-step approach using our Open Data Platform.
They started simply with datasets that were of most immediate value to residents, such as 311 service requests, finance and budget, Police Department statistics, citywide contracts and building permit numbers.
The portal launched in November 2013, with plenty of room to grow – and grow it has. In just a few months, Sacramento rocketed to the No. 3 spot on the Open Data Census, with more than 40 datasets available. For example, the portal includes a scalable map that shows the location of every tree in the city, and graphs showing where government spending goes.
As Sacramento Showed, Open Data Can Be Simple
MacGunigal has said that's just the start. The city is encouraging residents to suggest more data for inclusion via its citizen engagement site, and it's working to support civic IT projects and third-party app developers.
As MacGunigal told Government Technology, "It is important to support and encourage innovation by providing access to information and encouraging residents and businesses to find ways of using public data. We are willing to add other data the community requests."
I'm proud of Junar's role in supporting Sacramento to its Open Data success. More than that, I'm excited about the prospect of still more small and midsize governments discovering that a practical path to Open Data is within their reach.
As cities like Sacramento have found, Open Data doesn't have to be difficult, and it's not just for big cities like New York, Boston and San Francisco. Today's Open Data Platforms provide an easy path for cities of all sizes to get started, with plenty of capacity to scale up.


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Formula Cars
Touring Cars
Sports Cars
Other Racing
Get to Know: Jake Hayes
by David Ifeguni on April 14th, 2014
From Commerce, Georgia, iRacer Jake Hayes has not even celebrated his one year anniversary on iRacing. Although he only joined iRacing in June of 2013, he has already started 344 oval races and 212 road races, and has recorded 14 and 19 victories respectively. On ovals, he got his first career win on his second day as an iRacer, in the iRacing Street Stock series at USA International Speedway. Twelve days later, he went to victory lane for the first time on a road course at Summit Point Raceway in the iRacing Mazda Cup Series. Although he has more victories on road courses than ovals, he primarily races on ovals, with an iRating of 3578. There is more to Jake Hayes than meets the eye and you can learn more [...]
Get to Know: Fulvio Barozzini
by David Ifeguni on October 7th, 2013
This week, I interviewed iRacer Fulvio Barozzini, a 28 year old sim-racer from Besana, Italy. A member of iRacing since October of 2010, Fulvio — just like last week's featured driver Matthias Egger– is a regular in the iRacing.com World Championship Grand Prix Series. In 274 starts on the road side of iRacing, he has won 69 and has finished in the top five in over half of the races he has started. He won iRacing's Skip Barber Race series championship in 2011 Season 3 and currently is ranked sixth in the iWCGPS standings. Fulvio is certainly among the top road racers on iRacing, and I got the chance to talk to him about his iRacing career in this week's edition of Get to Know… Q: How long have you [...]
Racing Game… And Suddenly It Went Vrooooooom!
July 19th, 2013
Editor's Note: Sennheiser electronic GmbH & Co. KG, a German company specializing in the design and production of high fidelity products, recently published a story featuring iRacers Andre Boettcher and Chris Dymond in its annual report. Dymond competes in the British Porsche Carrera Cup and Boettcher, who drives for My3id Racing, is currently 12th in the iRacing.com World Championship Grand Prix Series standings. Click here to read the full story. Nowhere else are virtual reality and the real world more closely related than in motor racing. The lines are often blurred between racing simulation and the circuit, but one element is always constant: the right sound can make the difference between victory and defeat. Someday, André Böttcher will get around to getting his driver's license. Maybe in a few months, [...]
iRacer Profile – Bryan J Miller
May 5th, 2012
Bryan J Miller practices what he preaches, both when he says his favorite quote by a TV character come from Park and Recreation's Ron Swanson who says,"I learned a lesson. Never half-ass two things . . . whole-ass one thing" and when he says his own motto in iRacing is "I make the 'SLOWstice' go 'FASTstice'! One look at the Season 1 inRacingNews Challenge results will attest to the validity of both those statements. One would certainly say Miller "whole-assed one thing" when he started 180 iRNC races in a single season. And the fact he won 160 of those starts pretty well confirms his claim that he makes the "'SLOWstice' go 'FASTstice.'" It would be equally true to say that, at age 26, Miller has already lived an interesting [...]
The problem with sim racing is…
by Tony Rickard on July 19th, 2010
The lack of excuses! When I look at the lap records for a given track, I am usually in the top quarter, quite often in the top ten percent. Yet the gap to the top drivers seems positively cavernous and, quite simply, unachievable, even if I sold the wife and kids and devoted the remainder of my life to sim racing! I am prompted to write this article having just set a personal best at Watkins Glen Boot in the Skippy. Suitably encouraged, I decided to look up the fast times and was dismayed to see Luke McLean heading the time sheets, more than two seconds faster. Now two seconds seems an eternity in top-class race series in identical cars. Think of Luca Badoer, two seconds off team mate Kimi [...]
Return To Form
March 9th, 2010
Massa Healed, Ready For New Season, New Teammate At Ferrari The best thing about Felipe Massa's accident during qualifying for last year's Hungarian Grand Prix is that he doesn't remember anything about it. He was traveling at 160 miles per hour in his Ferrari when a steel spring, weighing about 28 ounces and somehow having fallen off of Rubens Barrichello's Brawn, struck him in the face.
Is Schumacher Coming Back?
December 14th, 2009
BLOOMINGTON, Minn. — Other than a brief "no comment," Michael Schumacher is keeping silent about the stories that he will make an F-1 comeback with the Mercedes GP team in 2010


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Perched, and sat, and nothing more.
from Edgar Allan Poe – The Raven on Genius
Poe has finally discovered the source of the tapping. And it does nothing. It just sits and looks at him. The raven reflects Poe's insecurities and lost love, and he is forced to confront it face to face, as it does nothing. The greatest source of horror in this Poe story is psychological.
To help improve the quality of the lyrics, visit Edgar Allan Poe – The Raven and leave a suggestion at the bottom of the page


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The primary social and economic value of modern societies is knowledge. For this reason, mastering Information technology for handling information, recorded in Datawarehouses or the Web, is essential to the development of individuals and society.
Data Mining and Knowledge Management (DMKM) has become essential for improving the competitiveness of businesses and increasing access to knowledge. DMKM still comes up, however, against major scientific and technological obstacles. This European Master in DMKM proposes specialized training in this field.
The consortium is composed of six universities from four countries: France (University of Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 6, University of Lyon Lumière Lyon 2, Polytec'Nantes), Romania (University Polithenica of Bucharest), Italy (University of East Piedmont) and Spain (Technical University of Catalonia). The Master in DMKM is based on experience in multi-site teaching gained from the Master's degree in Knowledge Extraction from Data, which has been running since 1999 within three members of the consortium.
The Master in DMKM is aimed at students from all over the world. Candidates must have a Bachelor's degree (or equivalent) in one of the fields of computer science, mathematics or statistics, as well as a good level of English (at least TOEFL 550 or equivalent). Admission is granted on the basis of a selection procedure. Classes are taught in English and the course is composed of 18 modules of about sixty hours each. The course runs over 4 semesters. The first semester is devoted to basic training, and includes subjects in mathematics, statistics, databases, etc., whereas the two following ones are devoted to acquire two specialties among six ones, such as Complex Data Mining, Information retrieval, Knowledge acquisition and management, etc. The fourth semester is targeted to the writing of a dissertation in either a laboratory or a company. Language classes will also be provided to ensure that students integrate as well as possible in socio-cultural terms in the host country. Each student must spend at least one semester in at least two of the four countries. Students that have obtained 120 ECTS will automatically obtain national Master degrees from the countries in which they have studied. Classes are transmitted via video-conferencing. They are also recorded and accessible online. Students can benefit, on their site of residence, from support in the form of tutoring for each course. Tuition fees are 4,000 €/year for European students and 8,000 €/year for other students. All candidates may apply for scholarships (amount equal to half of the tuition fees).
View the list of academic and industrial partners.
To become a partner, please fill the following form.
Offers available (coming soon)
To make an internship offer, please fill the following form.
Offers available (coming soon)
To make an employment offer, please fill the following form.


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Root Catalog
JohnnyVac CondoLux Central Vacuum Cleaner Power Unit, for Homes Under 3,000 Sq. Ft.$349.99This is the Johnny Vac CondoLux central vacuum quality power unit made of steel top, and designed to clean smaller sized homes, or condos under 3,000 sq. ft. 3 Gallon Waste Bin, uses disposable paper bags. Learn More
JohnnyVac SuperLux Central Vacuum Cleaner Power Unit - For Homes Up to 5,000 Sq. Ft.$499.00This is the JohnnyVac PowerLux Central Vacuum Cleaner Power Unit, designed for up to 5,000 sq. ft, or 5-6 inlets total. Can Use 440H HEPA Bags or Bagless Configuration. Learn More
Johnny Vac 202H Hydrogen HEPA Vacuum Bags (3 pack) - Johnny Vac Canister Vacuum Bags 202H (3 pack)$11.95
Product Features
- Cloth "like" high filtration bags
- Genuine Johnny Vac bags
- Fits Johnny Vac's Hydrogen canister vacuum units
Johnny Vac Vacuum Bags (3 pack)
These are filtering, well made OEM Johnny Vac Canister Vacuum bags with 3 total bags in one pack. These vacuum bags offer superior quality and because they are genuine will fit perfectly every time. With the Johnny Vac bags composition being mostly cloth like, these bags will capture and prevent the re-circulation of harmful particles while still allowing the Johnny Vac vacuum to operate at maximum capacity.Learn More
JohnnyVac PowerLux Central Vacuum Cleaner Power Unit - For Homes Up to 3,500 Sq. Ft.$400.00JohnnyVac PowerLux Central Vacuum Cleaner Power Unit - For Homes Up to 3,500 Sq. Ft. Learn More
JohnnyVac PowerLux X2 Central Vacuum Cleaner Power Unit - For Homes Up To 12,000 Sq. Ft.$750.00JohnnyVac PowerLux X2 Central Vacuum Cleaner Power Unit - For Homes Up To 12,000 Sq. Ft. Learn More
Outside Diameter PVC Pipe Designed For Central Vacuum Systems$119.99This is 2" outside diameter PVC pipe, designed specifically for central vacuum systems. Regular Schedule 40 (SCH-40) PVC pipe is normally 2" inside diameter, but 2.5" outside diameter. The normal SCH-40 PVC pipe, because of it's thicker inside diameter Learn More
Plastiflex 30 Foot Low Voltage Crush Proof Hose SGE-138-30-N$72.00This Plastiflex 30 Foot Low Voltage Crush Proof Hose works with Beam, Vacuflo, MD and other central vacuum systems. Part Number SGE-138-30-N Learn More
Plastiflex CBEZ125035I 35FT Dual Voltage Electric Hose W/ Pigtail Cord$178.00Plastiflex 35 foot hose with pigtail. This Plastiflex 35 ft hose can be used with almost any central vacuum system on the market. CBEZ125035I is the part #. Learn More
Plastiflex SGE13835BLI 35FT Low Voltage Hose With Button$150.4835FT low voltage hose that works for systems like Beam, Nutone, Vacuflo, etc. 35 foot lv hose for your central vacuum systems built-in your home. SGE13835BLI Learn More
Central Vac White Vacpan Part # VCPW01$32.95Central Vac White Vacpan Part # VCPW01 Learn More
Plastiflex Universal Inlet Valve Fitting (White) FT50WP$7.99Plastiflex Universal Inlet Valve Fitting (White) FT50WP is a valve fitting that is one of the most commonly use for the past 20 years. This fitting is specifically for Central Vacuum Systems that use Corded Inlet, Pig Tail, or Low Voltage designs. Learn More
Plastiflex Short 90 Degree Tee Central Vacuum Fitting +$5.83Plastiflex Short 90 Degree Tee Central Vacuum Fitting. Learn More
Plastiflex 35ft Electrical Central Vacuum Hose Direct Connect Style w/ Push Button Lock$199.89This is a 35ft electrical hose, direct connect style. The end of the hose that plugs into the wall, has a 2 high voltage male pins that plug into a high voltage female outlet, in the outlet itself. If your hose has a 6-8 pigtail extenstion cord that plugs into a normal household outlet, this is not the right hose. This is for homes with newer contruction that have high voltage as well as low voltage current running to their outlets. Learn More
Plastiflex Sweep 90 Degree Central Vacuum Fitting$6.08The sweep 90 degree fitting is probably the most common fitting, besides the coupling. This is what you want to use when diverting your pipe run 90 degrees, instead of the short 90. Learn More
Plastiflex 90 Degree Single WYE Central Vacuum Fitting +$6.23This is a 90 Degree Single WYE Central Vacuum Fitting used in all vacuum cleaners. Learn More
Plastiflex 30FT 1 1/4 Dual Voltage Electric Hose Direct Connect Part # CBEZ125030N +$173.8430-Foot High quality electric vacuum hose for nearly all central vacuums (except Electrolux, Beam, Hayden, Hoover, AirVac, Vacumaid). You will love the quality of this hose - crushproof, lightweight, and 360 degree swivel handle! In fact it has 27% more air flow than hoses manufactured before 2004. Comes with 100% Satisfaction Guarantee and 30 Day Refund. Learn More
Plastiflex 35FT 1 1/4 Dual Voltage Electric Hose W/ Pigtail Cord Part # CBEZ125035I +$177.84This Plastiflex 35FT 1 1/4 Dual Voltage Electric Hose comes with a Pigtail Cord and it can be fitted into any vacuum cleaner models. Learn More
Plastiflex 35ft Hose Sock with Application Tube$28.94Instantly increase your central vacuum satisfaction with a vacuum Hose Sock Cover. One of the most overlooked items on the menu, a Hose Sock is the finishing touch you don't want to miss. Make any central vacuum hose: - Easier. Glides over all surfaces. - Safer. Protects baseboards, furniture. - Quieter. Insulates hose noise. And the hose sock does this without adding any noticable bulk. Learn More
Plastiflex 30ft Non-Electric Hose$49.99Plastiflex 30ft Non-Electric Hose Learn More
35ft Hose Sock, Grey$23.9935ft Hose Sock, Grey Learn More
30ft Central Vacuum Zippered Hose Sock Cover$17.40THESE COME IN ASSORTED COLORS Learn More
Generic Windsor Back Pack Vacuum Cleaner Bags For Model VP6, Fits Windsor Part 68075, 89198910, 10 Bags Per Pk.$11.95These are generic Windsor Backpack vacuum cleaner bags for the Model VP6, or the smaller 6 quart size. 10 High Quality vacuum cleaner bags per pack. Fits Windsor Part 68075, and 89198910. Learn More
Windsor Flexamatic 8618442 Commercial Upright Vacuum Cleaner Bags, Fits FM16, and FM18 Models. Windsor Part WI-7022$25.99This is the disposable paper vacuum bags for the Windsor Flexamatic commercial upright vacuum cleaner & floor polisher. These bags are multi-ply paper, with an electrostatically charged inner line to prevent any leakage of dust mites, pollen, pet dander, Learn More
Windsor Vac Pac Backpack Vacuum Cleaner Bags 10 Quart, VP10, Windsor Part Number 68005, 86198850.$45.99Free Ground Shipping on any QuantityThis is a 10 pack of Genuine Windsor Vac-Pac Backpack vacuum cleaner bags for model VP10. Each package contains 10 high quality 10 gallon vacuum cleaner bags.Genuine Windsor Part Number 68005, Product Code 86198850. Learn More
Windsor Vac-Pac Back-pack Vacuum Cleaner Bags 10 Pack. For Model VP6, Windsor Part Numbers 89198910 and 68005.$43.50
Pet odor, dusty furniture, carpet spills – every home or office has unique cleaning challenges. Since it is the most time consuming job in housekeeping, you'll want to do everything to ensure that you save time while cleaning. You can rely on the Windsor Vac Pac, a portable back mounted vacuum for a productive and efficient cleaning program in your commercial complex. Depending on its usage, you'll need to check its vacuum bags and buy replacement bags so you can maintain your Windsor Vac-Pac's cleaning ability. These bags will suit Model VP6, Windsor Part Numbers 89198910 and 68005.
Want to buy vacuum cleaner replacement parts online? At GoVacuum, you can browse our entire online store and discover all the latest products from a range of brands. We stock the widest range of accessories and refills, we also provide reliable and fast help for your online shopping. No matter what problem you're dealing with – we have a solution for you. Our wide selection of products for all major brands of vacuum cleaners and replacement parts are available at guaranteed lowest prices so you can find the parts you are looking for, at the best prices online.
Product Features: • Pack of 10 bags for backpack vacuum cleaner • Fits models VP6, Windsor Part Numbers 89198910 and 68005


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As we grow and evolve, we rise to new energetic levels at which things have to change in order for us to keep spiraling up. It seems as if the old ways no longer fit us, even when they once provided great support and were once a great passion for us. I have learned in these times to pause and get really clear about what to let go of, what to keep, and what to transform.
Once when I was preparing to go to India for a three-week training, my mentor gave me advice that has helped me remain clear about this process.


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FREE Primitive Tags
Brought to you by PrimGraphics.com
Primitive Tags are the hot new collectible. People are using them to dress up their dolls, bags of fixens, in scrapbooks, and more. We have made it very easy for you to make your own tags without all the hassles of dying your tags, rubber stamping them, etc. And best of all they are FREE!! Just print and cut out! It's so easy and they are so neat! Below are a couple samples of how we used our printable tags. The possibilities are endless! We hope you enjoy!
Ginger Annie by Hickory Hollow Primitives. Electric Candle by Vicki's Country Candles.
Save the graphics to your computer. Print off on brownish color cardstock, then cut out. We like to crinkle up ours to give it that aged look. Punch a hole, then take string, homespun, jute, etc. and use it to hang them onto your items. These are also great to use in scrapbooking as they can be as thin or as thick as you like, depending on what weight cardstock you use.
Tags shown much smaller then actual size. Click on image for larger size. They can be resized as needed.
Tags may be used on items for your own personal use or for profit. You may print the tags and sell them, but please do not sell the actual graphics.
All Rights Reserved © 2003
Prim Graphics™ & Cheryl Seslar
Prim Graphics is a Division of Prim Mart™


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Number of Items: 5
Designed to fit perfectly inside any of our shooting jackets— without addin...g bulk—to turn them into cold-weather gear that performs in extreme conditions. read more
One of the most comfortable long-sleeved tees you'll ever slip on.
Save an extra 10% at checkout. Limited time!
These bronze, nylon and felt cleaning ropes help maintain the cleanliness o...f your shotgun. read more
Cleaning Rod Handle
Aluminum Rods
Beretta Multiple Caliber Cleaning Kit (Rifles, Pistols and Shotguns)
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