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Domain Names - Intellectual Property Considerations
Multilingual Trademarks
Trademark Office Practice and Procedure
The following extracts from selected trademark offices' manuals of trademark examination practice and procedure demonstrate the variety of issues that are considered relevant to applications for registration of multilingual and foreign character trademarks and the different approaches adopted by these administrations in various parts of the world. The procedures relate to the trademark offices of: Australia, Canada, European Community (Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market), Japan, United Kingdom and the United States of America.
The Australian Trademark Office,
incorporated in the Federal agency IPAustralia, maintains a Manual of Practice
and Procedure[1]
that provides for the registration of marks in languages other than English, inter
alia, as follows:
"Part 10 (Details of Formality Requirements)
10. 4 Translation/transliteration of foreign words and non-Roman characters
Where a trade mark includes words in a language other than English and/or characters other than Roman characters, the applicant must file an English translation and/or transliteration in support of the trade mark application (subregs 4.3(5) and 4.3(6)).
10.4.1 Translation/transliteration endorsement
An endorsement must be entered on the
Register for all trademarks containing words in a language other than English
and/or characters other than Roman characters.
10.4.1.1 An application will ultimately be rejected unless the translation/transliteration is provided in support of the application.
10.4.1.2 Where an applicant has advised of the translation/transliteration, an endorsement will be entered on the system.
10.4.1.3 Where no translation/transliteration has been provided, the examiner should request one and enter the appropriate endorsement on the system when the information has been received. Where Chinese or Japanese characters appear in the trade mark the applicant should be requested to provide their transliteration in the Pinyin system in the case of Chinese characters and the Hepburn system in the case of Japanese characters.
10.4.1.4 In the case of the trade mark containing words not in English, the form the endorsement should take is as follows:
applicant has advised that the translation of the (NATIONALITY) words
____________ appearing in the trade mark is ___________.
Where the trade mark contains words in characters that are not Roman characters the form the endorsement should take is as follows:
The applicant has advised that the (NATIONALITY) characters appearing in the trade mark may be transliterated as _______________________ which may be translated into English as _______________________.
10.4.1.5 The information provided by applicants should be accepted at face value unless research during normal examination indicates otherwise."
Part 22 (Trademarks Capable of Disinguishing)
Section 41 - Capable of Distinguishing
41.11 Foreign words
The same principles apply to trade marks consisting of foreign words as with English words. Trade marks in a foreign language well known in Australia that contain or consist of a word or words, which if in English would not be sufficiently capable of distinguishing the applicant's goods or services, would similarly not be sufficiently capable of distinguishing the applicant's goods or services. Many languages other than English are understood in Australia as a significant number of the population come from a non-English speaking background or have studied a foreign language. It must therefore be determined whether the foreign language trade mark has a meaning which is likely to be required for use by other traders. Examiners should refer to foreign language dictionaries as well as the translation which must be provided by the applicant.
If the foreign word is in a language that is not likely to be known by a significant proportion of the Australian population then no ground for rejecting the application exists. In a United Kingdom case - Burgoyne's Trade Mark, 6 RPC 227, - the word OOMOO, subject of an application for wines and spirits, was held to designate 'choice' in an Australian Aboriginal language. Nevertheless Chitty J was of the opinion that the trade mark signified nothing to the ordinary Englishman. Similarly in the 'Kiku' case, ([1978] F.S.R. 246 (Supreme Court of Ireland), the Japanese word for chrysanthemum - KIKU - was found to be registrable in Ireland for perfumes and cosmetic preparations, under provisions similar to the Australian provisions, as the ordinary person would need to have the word translated from the Japanese in order to know its meaning. Where the elements are taken from more than one language, the result will almost invariably be registrable (see for example, 'Smitsvonk' case 72 RPC 117, 'Simplug' case, (1957) RPC 173 and 'Wacker-chemie' case, (1957) RPC 278.
41.11.1 Trade marks in foreign characters or letters
A ground for rejecting an application exists if it the trade mark applied for is rendered in foreign characters and the characters are translations of English words which are not capable of distinguishing. Examiners should ascertain the meaning of the characters and consider translations and transliterations provided by the applicant.
Part 26 (Conflict with Other Signs – Section 44)
26.6.10 Trade marks in a foreign language
The usual tests for comparing word trade marks are applied when deciding whether words rendered in a foreign language are deceptively similar to trade marks already on the Register and whether there is a reason for rejection under section 44. This applies whether the trade marks being compared are both rendered in Roman characters or in the letters or characters of any system of writing, such as Arabic or Chinese.
The visual or aural comparisons
described in, for example, Pianotist
Co's Application (33 RPC 774) should be made, together with considerations
as to the nature of the goods or services specified and the way in which they
are marketed. Most importantly, an
assessment should be made of the likelihood that the ordinary purchasers of the
goods or services will understand the meaning of the foreign words constituting
the trade mark. This will vary with
the nature of the particular goods or services as indicated by the following
If the goods are mass marketed, for example, clothing or
foodstuffs, the purchase may be made largely on the basis of visual selection.
The trade mark may be part of packaging which displays other similar
textual material and the purchaser may be part of the general monolingual
Australian public. In such a case
the meaning of the respective trade marks would be irrelevant, so the main tests
would be visual and phonetic (if verbalisation of the trade mark is possible). In so far as Arabic and Asian characters are concerned
consumers who are not literate in these languages would be expected to pay
particular attention to the graphics involved.
Newspapers, books and similar publications, or professional
services, such as medical or legal services, for which a trade mark comprised
wholly of a foreign language is to be used, are unlikely to be purchased by the
general Australian public. They
will be targeted towards a particular sector familiar with that language.
The meaning of the word or words comprising the trade mark must therefore
be taken into account, as well as the visual and phonetic similarities.
If the meanings are quite different, it is much less likely that visual
or phonetic similarities will lead to deception.
If the goods or services are very specialised and/or, expensive,
considerable care would be exercised in their selection and purchase.
In such circumstances even minor difference between trade marks might
serve to differentiate the goods or services.
When the comparison is between a
foreign language trade mark and an English trade mark, the same principles
apply. In general, except where the words are visually or aurally
similar, the English equivalent of a foreign language trade mark will not be
cited as the basis for rejecting an application under section 44.
For example, RED MAN will not be cited against ROUGE HOMME or the Chinese
or Arabic characters meaning 'red man'."
The Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO), within Industry Canada, maintains a Trade-marks Examination Manual and Guide to Trade-marks[2] that provide for the registration of marks in different languages, inter alia, as follows:
The principle which underlies a paragraph 12(1)(b) objection as it concerns deceptive misdescriptiveness is that a mark which is the subject matter of an application must not mislead the public by ascribing a quality to wares that they do not possess. For example, in Deputy Attorney-general of Canada v. Biggs Laboratories (Canada) Limited (1964), 42 C.P.R. 129, the trade-mark SHAMMI, as applied for in relation to a transparent polyethylene glove, was denied registration. The glove did not contain one scintilla of chamois or shammy. In finding the mark SHAMMI deceptively misdescriptive of the character or quality of the wares, dumoulin J. stated at p.130:
"An article advertised for sale as containing certain components which, in truth, it does not have, surely must be considered as deceptively misleading to the purchasing public."
in Lake Ontario Cement Ltd. v. Registrar
of Trade Marks (1976), 31 C.P.R. (2d) 103, Dubé J. held that the word
PREMIER was not deceptively misdescriptive as applied to the wares "sand and
gravel and ready-mixed concrete" and "concrete blocks and bricks ordinarily
used in the construction of buildings and homes." Dubé J. found that the word PREMIER denotes a degree of
quality that might be attained by the wares and, insofar as the wares did not
meet that quality, the word PREMIER would be misdescriptive of the quality of
the wares. However, ordinary
dealers in or purchasers of the wares would perceive PREMIER, as applied for, as
an indirect reference to, the quality of the wares and would not be led to
believe that the wares being purchased were of the best quality. The word PREMIER was held not to be deceptively
misdescriptive, but it was found to be clearly descriptive and therefore had to
be disclaimed. See reference to this case in section IV:4.2 of this chapter.
A word in a
language other than English or French which is clearly descriptive of the
character or quality of the wares or services is not prohibited by paragraph
12(1)(b), the prohibition being limited to words in the English or French
languages. In Gula v. Manischewitz Co. (1947), 8 C.P.R. 103, it was held that even
though the word "tam" meant lltaste or lltaSty" to a Hebrew- or
Yiddish-speaking person, the mark TAM TAM was a good subject of a trade-mark
being neither in the English nor the French languages.
12(1)(b) also does not preclude the registration of a trade-mark comprised of a
combination of French and English words individually descriptive of the wares.
In Coca-Cola Co. v. Cliffstar
Corp. (1993), 49 C.P.R. (3d) 358, the applicant applied to register the
trade-mark LE JUICE for juices. The
word "juice" was disclaimed. The
opponents alleged the mark was the name of the wares and unregistrable pursuant
to paragraph 12(1)(c) of the Trade-marks
Act and that the mark was clearly descriptive or deceptively misdescriptive
of the character or quality of the wares, contrary to paragraph 12(1)(b).
The opposition was rejected and the following was stated at p.360:
"The opponents' own evidence establishes that the word 'le' is a
French language definite article and 'juice' is an English language word
referring to fluid naturally contained in plant or animal tissue.
Thus, the trade mark as a whole cannot be said to be the name of anything
in the English language nor can it be said to be the name of anything in the
French language".
And further at p.361:
"The applicant's proposed mark is comprised of the French word 'le' and the ordinary English word 'juice'. The former word is a definite article in the French language. The latter word is clearly descriptive in the English language of the character of the wares 'fruit juices' and the applicant has conceded this by including a disclaimer in its application. The combination of the two words, however, does not offend the provisions of 12(1)(b) of the Act which precludes registration of a trade-mark that is
(b) ...whether depicted,
written or sounded, either clearly descriptive or deceptively misdescriptive in
the English or French language...
Section 12(1)(b) of the Act does not preclude the registration of a trade mark comprised of a combination of French and English words individually descriptive of the wares."
IV. 4.8. Character or Quality
A trade-mark is not
registrable if it is clearly descriptive or deceptively misdescriptive in the
English or French languages of the character or quality of the wares or
services in association with which it is used or proposed to be used.
As to what constitutes the character of the wares or services, the
examiners may be guided by the words of Cattanach J. in Drackett
Co. of Canada Ltd. v. American Home Products Corp. (1968),55 C.P.R. 29 at
p.34, where he states that "...the word 'character' as used in s.12(1)(b)
must mean a feature, trait or characteristic of the product".
Words descriptive of the function or result of using wares have also been refused.
The marks STA-ZON, a distortion of "stays on," and SHUR-ON, a distortion of "sure on," as applied to eyeglass frames, were held not to be proper trade-marks. In Kirstein Sons & Co. v. Cohen Bros., Limited (1907), 39 S.C.R. 286 at p.288, Mr. Justice Davies stated: "He could not pre-empt nor claim the exclusive use of the idea descriptive of some merit in the article".
In the ULTRA FRESH decision, Thomson Research Associates Ltd. v. Registrar of Trade Marks (1982), 67 C.P.R. (2d) 205, the function of the wares was held to be clearly descriptive of their character. Mahoney J. stated at p.208:
"I agree with the respondent that 'ultra fresh' is clearly descriptive. It is not descriptive of the bacteriostats and fungistats themselves but it does clearly describe, or deceptively misdescribe, the condition of the products, e.g., the underwear, after treatment with those bacteriostats and fungistats."
And further:
"'Ultra fresh' does not merely suggest a characteristic of the bacteriostats and fungistats at all; it clearly suggests the principal, if not only, effect of their application to other wares, in other words, their function."
11.5.7 Applicant's Statement of
Claim of Entitlement - Paragraph 10 of Form 1 -Paragraph 30(i)
A final consideration is whether or not the applicant is satisfied "that he is entitled to use the mark in Canada in association with the wares or services described in the application." This can be looked at as a type of contract between the applicant and the public, establishing that all information and supporting evidence, including revisions or additions of same, have been submitted in good faith, and that the application as it stands is approved by the applicant. The examiners can then proceed with the examination of the mark.
11.6 Content Appearing in Some Applications
11.6.1 Predecessor in Title -Paragraphs 30(b), (c) and (d) - Paragraphs 4 and 5 of Forms
In order to
establish use of a trade-mark prior to the actual use by the applicant, a list
of all predecessors in title covering the time from the date of first use to the
present must be provided.
11.6.2 Drawings- Paragraph 30(h) and Rules 27(1) and 28
Paragraph 30(h) stipulates that a trade-mark application shall contain a drawing of the trade-mark and such number of accurate representations of the trade-mark as may be prescribed unless the application is only for the registration of a word or words not depicted in a special form.
drawing is required if a trade-mark is presented for registration in other than
capital letters or block letters throughout.
Drawings will be required in the following instances:
a) The mark is a word composed of any lower case letters.
b) The word(s) appears in any special arrangement other than on horizontal lines.
c) A claim to specific colour or colours is made in respect of the whole or part of the mark.
d) The word(s) includes foreign language accents other than French accents. (Because Canada recognizes both French and English as its official languages, accents used in the French language are not considered to be design characteristics although accents in other languages are.)
e) The mark is comprised of foreign characters. NOTE: Pursuant to Rule 29, both a translation and transliteration must be furnished and will be included in the particulars of the application when advertised.
See sections II.5.1 and II.7.1.1 of this manual.
Furthermore, the Office no longer considers that an application for the registration of a word or words is in special form merely because it includes any of the following punctuation marks:
period, question mark, exclamation mark, comma, semicolon, colon, ellipsis, parentheses, brackets, quotation marks, single quotation marks, inverted commas, dash, asterisk, diagonal and underscore.
Accordingly, the inclusion of any of the foregoing punctuation marks will not render the trade-mark to be in special or design format as was the previous practice.
All word marks must be typed on the application form in upper-case letters with no space left between the letters of each word, unless, of course, that is a feature of the mark.
Sure Your Trade-mark Can be Registered
in other languages
Words that constitute the name of the wares or services in another language – such as "gelato," Italian for ice cream; "anorak," Inuktitut for parka; or "Wurst," German for sausage – cannot be registered.
of words, symbols, sounds and ideas that suggest someone else's trade-mark.
If is confusingly similar to a registered trade-mark or a pending mark,
it will be refused. This prohibition makes sense when you recall that the whole
point of registering a trademark is to protect your corporate identity from
imitation or confusion with others. Trade-mark
examiners take into account various factors when determining whether trademarks
are confusing. For example, they
A whether a trade-marks look or sound alike and whether they suggest similar idea; and
B whether they are used
to market similar wares or services.
Let's go back
to the example of "Northpole" and "Southpole" products are manufactured
and sold by the same company. They
might expect the trade-marks to be owned by the same entity. Hence your application to register "Northpole" might be
turned down on the grounds of causing confusion with the registered mark
"Southpole" owned by another company.
Other hypothetical examples of confusing trade-marks would be "King Dog Food" vs. "King Cat Food" (two companies, two different product lines, but the same trade-mark and the same general area – pet food); and "Glitter" for mineral water could probably co-exist as a registered trade-mark with "Glittering Dry Cleaners" as a registered trade-mark for dry cleaning services, because the wares and services in this example are quite different.
Subsection 9(1)
of the Trade-marks Act lists various
kinds of marks that are expressly prohibited.
You may not register a trade-mark that resembles certain official symbols
unless you have the consent of the authority in question.
These official symbols include:
§ official government symbols, e.g., the Canadian flag;
§ coats of arms of the Royal Family;
§ badges and crests of the Armed Forces and the letters R.C.M.P.;
§ emblems and names of the Red Cross, the Red Crescent, the United Nations;
§ armorial bearings, flags and symbols of other countries; and
symbols of provinces, municipalities and public institutions.
prohibitions are designed to prevent people from "cashing in" on the
prestige and authority of the above-mentioned institutions and misleading the
9(1) of the Trade-marks Act also
prohibits subject matter that is obscene, scandalous or immoral.
For example your trade-mark may not include profane language, obscene
visuals or racial slurs.
prohibition covers the use of portraits or signatures of living persons or
persons who have died within the preceding 30 years. For example, using the photo of an existing rock group to
promote your record store would be prohibited unless you had formal consent to
do so.
A trade-mark
will not be registered if it consists of a plant variety denomination or is a
mark so nearly resembling a plant variety denomination as to be likely to be
mistaken therefore, and the application covers the plant variety or another
plant variety of the same species.
A trade-mark
will not be registered if it is, in whole or in part, a protected geographical
indication for wines or spirits, and the application covers a wine or spirit not
originating in the territory indicated by the geographical indication.
European Community - Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market (OHIM)
The Office of the European Union – Trademarks and Designs maintains
Examination Guidelines[3]
for trademarks that provide for the registration of marks in foreign characters,
inter alia, as follows:
"2. General Principles
2.3. When checking against the criteria in paragraphs
8.2 to 8.4 examiners must consider words in the mark and the description of the
goods or services by reference to the Community as a whole.
If, for example, a trade mark consists of a word in an application made
in English and that word is in French the name of the goods or services then the
examiner must object.
3. Receipt of Application and Formalities
3.11.1. Where a translation is required, namely where the application is not in one of the Office languages, its contents, to the extent that translation is required should be sent to the Translation Centre of the Bodies of the Union as early as possible. The translation will be submitted to the applicant by means of a 128, offering him a period of two months within which to propose changes in the translation. If he does not respond within this period or if the examiner considers any proposed changes to be inappropriate the translation proposed by the Office will stand. The examiner will communicate this to the applicant by means of a 129.
3.11.2. Once a decision has been
made that an application is to be published its contents, to the extent that
translation is required should be sent to the Translation Centre of the Bodies
of the Union so that all eleven language versions of the list of goods or
services, description of the mark, disclaimers and colour claims are
The Japanese Patent Office (JPO) maintains a Trademark Examination Manual[4]
that provides for the registration of foreign character marks, inter
alia, as follows:
"25. Trademark Subject to Trademark Registration
25.51 Handling of a Case in which a
"Transliteration of Marks", "Translation of the Mark" or "Description
of the Mark" was indicated for an International Trademark Application
1. In a case in which a "transliteration of mark" or "translation of mark" is described, the examiner can use it as a reference for examination. Since the popular naming or concept of said trademark must be determined by considering the degree of recognition by Japanese consumers, the use of such description will be left to the judgement of the examiner.
2. In a case in which a "description of the mark" is described, the examiner confirms the description and follows the procedures below.
When a description mentions that the claimed trademark is a "sound
trademark," "scent trademark" or "trademark consisting only of
colors," and is not treated as a trademark under the Japanese Trademark Law,
said application is refused for not satisfying the requirement set forth in the
main paragraph of Section 3(1) of the JTL.
When there is a clear description that multiple trademarks are being
filed in a single application (For example, the British Trademark Law adopts a
series mark system where multiple trademarks can be filed in a single
application, and the basic registration or basic application of said
international trademark may be such series mark), the application is judged to
be filed for multiple trademarks. Thus,
said application is refused for not satisfying the requirement set forth in
Section 6 (1) of the JTL.
When there is a description on the constituents or appearance of the
trademark (e.g., an explanation of the three-dimensional trademark or an
explanation of the combination of colors in the trademark), the information is
referenced in examination as required.
When there is a description that does not affect the essence of trademark
protection in Japan, such as non-claim of right to a part of the trademark or
claiming an associated trademark, the description is neglected.
(Note) Points to consider in case there is a description that does
not demand right to a part of the trademark.
When the applicant does not demand the right to a part of the trademark,
that part is generally less capable of distinguishing the applicant's goods
(or services) from the goods (or services) of others. Therefore, when examining such an application, it is
necessary to consider that said part of the trademark is often incapable of
distinguishing the designated goods (or services) or that is may lead the
general public to misunderstand the quality of such goods (or services).
Also, there is sometimes a
description of non-claim of right when the trademark includes a national flag
and the applicant does not wish to acquire the right to the flag part.
In this case, the examiner refuses the trademark pursuant to Section
4(1)(i) of the JTL if he or she
recognized that the trademark noticeably comprises a national flag or the
graphic of a foreign national flag.
A2. Trademark
Claimed in International Application
A.205 Handling of Transliteration of a Trademark
Concerning an International Trademark Application (Notation in Alphanumerical
Characters Others Than Roman Alphabbet, and Arabic or Roman Numerals)
1. When the
trademark concerning an international trademark application consists of
characters other than Roman alphabet or includes the respective characters, the
characters shall be transliterated into Roman alphabet, and also when a
trademark concerning an international trademark application consists of numerals
other than Arabic or Roman numerals or includes the respective numerals, the
numerals are replaced with Arabic numerals, and that must be described in the
item 9 (a) "Transliteration of the mark" (hereinafter referred to as
transliteration of trademark") in the request of an international trademark
2. The JPO shall confirm the column of "transliteration of trademark" and urge the applicant to describe it when there is no description. In addition, when there is a distinctive mistake in the description such as using a character or a numeral other than Roman alphabet or Arabic or Roman numerals, the JPO shall urge the applicant to correct the description.
However, correction of deficiency in the description of the column "transliteration of trademark" should be made with note that the correction will have no effect on the international filing date (international registration date), and even when the deficiency in the description is not corrected, the JPO shall make a verification on the international trademark application and send it on to the International Bureau as long as other requirements are satisfied.
(1) When a trademark concerning an international trademark application consists of characters other than Roman alphabet, for example Japanese characters (kanji, hirangana, katakana) etc., or contains some such characters, the characters must be transliterated according to the pronunciation in the language allowed for international trademark applications ("English" for Japan) and describes them in Roman alphabet. That is to say, in the case of Japan, transliteration shall be spelled in Roman characters according to English pronunciation.
<Example of transliteration of trademarks>
1) transliteration of the trademark " アップル " "APPURU"
2) transliteration of the trademark "硝子 " "GARASU"
<Example not accepted as transliteration of trademarks>
transliteration of " 特許庁 " "TOKKYOCHÔ"
* Pronunciation mark " ^ " is described with characters "CHO"
In addition, when a trademark contains Chinese numerals as a description of numbers, the numbers should be described by replacing them into Arabic numbers.
(2) "Transliteration of a trademark" is a matter of description in the request of an international trademark application, but not a matter of verification by the JPO. Therefore, even if there is a lack of deficiency, the JPO shall make a verification and send it to the International Bureau for ensuring the international registration date.
However, when there is a defect in the description of "transliteration of trademark," the defect shall be reported by the International Bureau to the applicant and the JPO, and if the applicant does not correct the defect within three months after receiving the report on defect, the international trademark application shall be handled as abandoned. (Common Regulation 11(2)) (The JPO shall not take a specific measure corresponding to the report on deficiency in "transliteration of trademark".)
For this reason, it has been decided that the JPO shall take into consideration that examination is conducted on the description of "transliteration of trademark" by the International Bureau and, from the view of applicant's convenience, urge the correction when there is a deficiency or a distinctive mistake, as long as the correction has no effect on the securing of the international filing date.
"Distinctive mistakes" include cases in which "characters other than Latin (Roman) characters" are described in the column of transliteration.
A2.06 Handling of Translation of a Trademark Concerning an International Trademark Application
1. The applicant of an international trademark registration can describe translation of the trademark for which international registration is sought in the item 9(b) "Translation of the mark" (hereinafter referred to as "translation of trademark") in the request concerning the international trademark application in English, French or both languages.
2. Since the description in the column "translation of trademark" is voluntary, the JPO shall not confirm whether or not the column has been filled out and the accuracy of the described content.
(1) Since description of the "translation of trademark" is not obligated in the Protocol, it is a matter of voluntary description. A description can be made in English, French or both languages in accordance with the form of the request.
(2) Irrespective of whether or not there is the respective description, or whether or not there is a deficiency in the described content, the JPO shall make a verification on the respective request as an Office of origin and send it to the International Bureau.
The JPO shall not confirm the translation of a trademark on the basis of the following reasons.
1) The International Bureau shall not make a confirmation on the lack in the description of "translation of trademark" or the accuracy of the content.
2) "Translation of trademark" is not a matter of verification by the JPO."
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom Patent Office maintains a Trade Marks Registry Work Manual,[5] that provides for the registration of foreign character marks, inter alia, as follows:
Trade Mark Examination and Practice
4. Section 3(1)(c) –
"Consists exclusively
If a mark does not consist
exclusively of one of the signs listed in this subsection of the Act (and
covered below), it cannot fall foul of Section 3(1)(c) or 3(1)(d).
However, it may still be objectionable under Section 3(1)(b). The Registrar considers that the word "exclusively"
refers to the content of the mark, and not to whether a sign serves more than
one purpose. For example the word
JUMPER with a distinctive device will be registrable prima facie for clothing
because the sign does not consist exclusively of a sign which may be used
in trade to designate a kind of clothing. However
the word alone will not be registrable even though, apart from being a
description of the goods, it is also a description of an athlete and is not
therefore exclusively a description of the goods.
See the decision of Simon Thorley QC acting as the Appointed Person in
the FROOT LOOPS trademark case (see Application No. 1411150-unreported at the
time of writing).
Words in foreign languages
4.13.1 Well known European languages
The following are likely to be known to a reasonable (and increasing) number of UK residents: French, German, Italian, Spanish
4.13.2 Goods
Object if the words (in English)
would be the subject of an objection under Section 3(1)(c) of the Act.
Normally no need to object on the basis that the English equivalent would
be devoid of any distinctive character without being descriptive e.g. TOUJOURS/ALWAYS.
4.13.3 Services
For international services or where
it is common to use a foreign language in relation to particular services, e.g.,
French for restaurant or beauty care services, we should object to descriptive
words excluded from registration by Section 3(1)(c), but not normally to words
which in English would be devoid of any distinctive character without being
descriptive. Where the services are
essentially local in nature e.g. chimney sweeping, even the name of the services
in a foreign language will normally be acceptable.
4.13.4 Others less well known languages
Language such as Dutch, Swedish,
Portuguese, Czech, Russian and Japanese are less well known in the UK.
4.13.5 Goods
If the country has a reputation for any of the goods covered by the
application treat as per French, German etc.
Otherwise usually no need to object.
4.13.6 Services
Object to foreign descriptive words
for international services.
4.13.7 Languages of ethnic minorities
Some of these languages are spoken by
sizeable minorities of UK residents. They
include: Chinese, Greek, Urdu,
Gujarati, Arabic.
4.13.8 Goods – in original script or transliteration
Consider whether the goods are likely to be destined for a particular ethnic market. This is likely to apply particularly to goods such as food and clothing. In such cases treat in the same way as the French, German etc. Object to words which, in English, would be open to objection under Section 3 (1)(c).
Where goods are unlikely to be aimed at the ethnic market, no objection.
4.13.9 Services
Treat as goods.
Bear in mind that some languages are associated with particular services,
such as Chinese for healing or martial arts, and may be recognized phonetically
by UK residents, whether members of the appropriate ethnic group or not.
4.13.10 Native languages other than English
Consider objecting to marks in Welsh,
Gaelic etc. where the country or region concerned has a reputation for the
goods/services, or where the goods/services (such as food and drink) may be
specially associated with a particular culture."
The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) maintains a Trademark Manual of Examining Procedure (TMEP)[6] that provides for the procedure of registration of non-English marks, inter alia, as follows:
"8.9 Translation of Non-English Wording in Mark
The examining attorney should ascertain, if possible, through sources such as foreign language dictionaries or consultation with appropriate personnel in the Patent and Trademark Office Scientific Library, the meaning of wording in the mark which seems to be in a language other than English. If the examining attorney is not able to ascertain the meaning, the examining attorney should request the applicant to provide an English translation. Authority for the request is provided by Trademark Rule 2.61(b), 37 C.F.R. §2.61(b). Knowledge of the meaning of non-English words in marks is necessary for proper examination because a non-English term is regarded in the same way as its English equivalent in determining descriptiveness, requiring disclaimer, and citing marks under §2(d) of the Act.
An application to register a mark that comprises wording which is not in the English language should include a statement translating the non-English wording. Similarly, an application for a mark that comprises non-Latin characters should include a statement transliterating such characters. For this purpose, a transliteration is the phonetic spelling, in corresponding Latin characters, of the word or words in the mark which are in non-Latin characters. A transliteration is required for a mark that comprises non-Latin characters even if the wording has no English translation. An example of a statement translating and transliterating a word in non-Latin characters is the following: The non-Latin characters in the mark transliterate to 'Asahi' and this means 'Rising Sun'.
809.01 Equivalency in Translation
The translation that should be relied upon in examination is the English meaning which has real and specific significance in the United States as the equivalent of the meaning in the non-English language. A literal translation, although a proper one, is not necessarily a satisfactory one. The following are examples of equivalency in translation:
1. "Chat Noir". The exact equivalent in English is "black cat," and this translation would undoubtedly be recognized as the equivalent by the purchasing public in this country. In Ex parte Odol-Werke Wien Gesellschaft M.B.H., 111 USPQ 286 (Comm'r Pats. 1956), the mark "Chat Noir" was refused registration because the words "Black Cat" were already registered for related goods.
2. "Mais Oui". The literal translation of the individual words does not result in a significant English term. A satisfactory translation is not a single precise term, but it must be some normal English expression which will be the equivalent in meaning of the term "Mais Oui" to the French. In re Societe Des Parfums Schiaparelli, S.A., 122 USPQ 349 (TTAB 1959).
3. "Schwartzkopf". The term can be literally translated as "black head" but, even to German-speaking persons, the primary significance of "Schwartzkopf" is most likely that of a surname. Neither English nor foreign surnames should be translated. Therefore, the issue of translation is not relevant and such a term is more appropriately treated as a surname. See TMEP §1211.
809.02 Printing of Translations and Transliterations
Sometimes translations which are not precise, or which give a variety of meanings, are placed in the record. While all possible translations, and discussions relative to meaning, are useful in the record for providing information for examination purposes, not all such matter is appropriate for printing in the Official Gazette when a mark is published or on the certificate of registration. Only that translation which is the clear and exact equivalent should be printed. This normally means only one translation, as the existence of a variety of alternative translations or general explanations usually indicates a lack of a clearly recognized equivalent meaning.
Translations which an applicant places in the record are often presented in a form which is too verbose or vague to be appropriate for printing in the Official Gazette and on the registration certificate. It is the duty of the examining attorney to indicate what translation, if any, is to be printed. The transliteration of non-Latin characters, if any, should be included in the statement to be printed. The examining attorney should rewrite the statement at the bottom of the application paper in an appropriate format, initial it, bracket it, and direct that it be printed. Language such as the following should be used for printing purposes whenever possible:
"The English translation of __________ in the mark is __________." or "The non-Latin characters in the mark transliterate to __________ and this means __________ in English."
All non-English wording in a mark must be translated into English and the translation (and transliteration, if applicable) must be printed in the Official Gazette and on the registration certificate. A word is not a non-English word, for translation purposes, if it appears in an English dictionary (e.g., croissant or flambe).
Although generally it is unnecessary to provide a translation of a term of foreign origin if the term appears in an English dictionary, such terms may appear in marks as part of foreign idiomatic phrases or other unitary expressions. When these terms appear in such a phrase, it would be illogical to break the phrase into its individual word elements and to translate only the individual words which do not appear in the English dictionary. The result most often would be a translation which would serve no useful purpose as it would fail to convey the true commercial impression of the phrase. In such a case, the record should include a translation of the entire unitary phrase including the English-dictionary term.
Thus, if the mark included the phrase "la fiesta grande," an appropriate translation should read "the great celebration" or possibly "the great fiesta." It would be inappropriate to translate only "la" and "grande." The ultimate goal is to provide a translation which is a true rendering of the meaning of the non-English wording in the mark and one which conveys the commercial impression engendered by the entire phrase.
Also, generally it is unnecessary to provide a translation of foreign articles or prepositions, such as "de," "le," "la" or "il," when combined with English terms, since their meaning is generally understood and, in this context, they are being used to convey an impression different from or in addition to their foreign meaning. For example, in the instance of the mark "LE CASE," it is unnecessary to translate "Le."
809.02 (a) Examining Attorney's and Applicant's Approval
The examining attorney should inform the applicant if the examining attorney does not approve for printing any translation which is in the record or approves only part of the translation in the record. The examining attorney may propose a translation, if he or she desires to do so. If there is to be a variation from the translation statement as it appears in the record, it shall be through an amendment by the applicant or an examiner's amendment. A translation which is to be printed should have the approval of both the applicant and the examining attorney. The desirability of such approval is illustrated in Simon & Schuster, Inc. v. Hachette, Inc., 166 USPQ 159 (TTAB 1970).
To indicate approval, the examining attorney should include a marginal notation in the file indicating that the translation is to be printed (e.g., "PRINT" or "OK FOR PRINTING") with the examining attorney's initials. If the examining attorney determines that a translation of record is not to be printed, the examining attorney should include an initialed marginal notation to that effect (e.g., "DO NOT PRINT").
809.03 Cross-filing on Basis of Translation for Purpose of Searching
When a certificate of registration includes a translation, copies of the certificate are filed in the Trademark Search Library and information is entered in the Office automated search system according to both the mark as shown in the certificate and the English translation of the non-English wording of the mark. This is done to facilitate the locating of similar marks.
It is obvious that printing vague translations, or a series of alternative meanings, would not be helpful and indeed could be a hindrance, and would be an undue burden on the Search Library and automated search system."
[End of Annex IV and of document]
[1] See IP Australia's TMO Manual of Practice and Procedure available at http://xeno.ipaustralia.gov.au/D:/Exmanual/cnts-num.htm.
[2] See CIPO's Trade-marks
Examination Manual and Guide to Trade-marks, available at http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/sc_mrksv/cipo/tm/tm_main-e.html.
[3] See OHIM Examination Guidelines (26/3/96) at http://oami.eu.int/EN/marque/directives/exam.htm#Heading2.
[6] (Second Edition, Revision 1.1). Available at the web site of the USPTO, at http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/tac/tmep/0800.htm.


text:
"Papa Hari talks at length about the ways in which unscrupulous marketers push their products to the unsuspecting public! A definite must-read, if only to understand how such books sell in the first place!!" -- Anonymous Reader
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No FREE DELIVERY TO ALL PARTS OF THE UNIVERSE

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Minister of Finance Dr. El Morsy Hegazy said Egypt is moving in the right direction towards overcoming its economic crisis thanks to its highly efficient human resources which are capable of pushing forward the wheel of production in order to recover economic growth rates.
This came at the meeting held by the Minister of Finance with US ambassador in Cairo Ann Patterson who was keen to meet the minister to congratulate him for occupying his post.
The meeting reviewed the developments of the economic situation, and the progress of talks with the International Monetary Fund and the Egyptian US relations.
The Minister hailed the friendly relations between the Egyptian and US peoples, adding transition period through which Egypt is passing will be culminated with reconciliation, and completion of democratic transformation.
The Minister said a mission of the International Monetary Fund will arrive in Cairo soon to resume consultations on the 4.8 billion dollar loan to Egypt. He said the agreement focuses on economic and social reform programs drawn up by the government with the aim of mitigating the burdens of limited income citizens.
On her part, the US ambassador renewed full U.S support for Egypt, referring to numerous opportunities before businessmen and companies in both countries to develop joint economic relations, to increase investments and to develop trade and businesses in different fields.
The US ambassador said Egypt has promising economic potentials which could enable it of overcoming the current problems. The ambassador renewed her country's support for the Egyptian government to reach an agreement with IMF and to overcome its economic and financial problems.


text:
Apple Announces Cards, A New App That Will Allow You To Physically Mail Letters From Your iOS Device
Apple just announced an all new app that they are working on, called Careds.
On the surface, it looks like just a silly postcards app, but the idea is that Apple will allow you to create cards and letters on your iPhone or iPad, and then they'll physically mail out to you.
A card will send $2.99 to mail nationally, and $4.99 to mail anywhere in the world.
Cards will be a free app available on October 12th, directly from the App Store.


text:
Courses and study options
Foundation programme
The programme bridges the gap between your highest qualification and the academic qualifications accepted by Monash South Africa.
And it works - in 2012, 60 per cent of graduates were given access to their degrees by completing our Foundation programme
Intercampus exchange to Monash Malaysia 2014
Study a semester in Kuala Lumpur at our Malaysian campus
Foundation programme
Foundation programme
Get your foot in the university door with our Foundation programme. It bridges the gap between your highest qualification and what's accepted by Monash.
What's more, it works
In 2012, 60 per cent of graduates were given access to their degrees by completing our Foundation programme.
An undergraduate course is normally your first degree. At Monash South Africa we have four study areas to choose from, and one which allows you to specialise at the undergraduate level.
Business Science (Accounting)
Our Bachelor of Business Science (Accounting) is accredited by the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA) and the Association of Certified Chartered Accountants (ACCA).
Honours is an optional additional year of study to further your understanding and learning in your major area. It's highly regarded by employers, and can lead to further study specialisations (like becoming a professional accountant or a psychologist), or research.
Become an expert in victimology and criminal justice, accounting, business management, marketing or a specialist IT field.
Masters by coursework or research enables you to carry out research on your chosen topic while being supervised by one of our academics.
Postgraduate diplomas equip you with much needed skills to further your career.
Students often complete their masters by research as a pathway into a PhD and a career in academia.
What our students say
"I wanted a career which I could be passionate about, which would challenge me, and which would allow me to make a difference in the world. I believe I have found it in the Master of Philosophy in Integrated Water Management."
Liezl Craig - Masters of Philosophy in Integrated Water Management student and landscape architect
We believe the best ideas are formed when the brightest minds work together.
Not sure where to start? Ask a question online.
Apply online and you can save your progress as you go.


text:
State Center
Location: Baltimore, Maryland, USA. An "award-winning" 1960's urban renewal transformed a once vibrant urban neighborhood into a single use, government office park.
Project Description
Transforming 1960's auto-centric urban renewal: A 2nd level bridges removed pedestrians from "unsafe streets." Underground garages prevented the need to "go outside." Presently, the land is occupied by state agencies with 3,000 employees, most of whom commute from the suburbs. There is no retail and no housing.
Re-connecting local history, culture, and community: The site is surrounded by diverse communities, cultural venues and museums, educational institutions, and historic districts. Area streets have become highways, throughways, and barriers to economic, social, and physical connectivity. The plan restores the street grid and the area's traditional "urbanism." A greater mix of uses will support a sustainable and seamlessly integrated district.
Engaging the public and local stakeholders: An intense, community-driven public planning process, dubbed "Cityscaping," identified community-driven goals and programs. The community called for shared economic prosperity, diversity, and inclusion; improved connectivity; higher density; restoration of the street grid. "Human capital" goals included enhanced area quality-of-life, improved educational opportunities, and improved access to jobs and services.
Creating a "culture of sustainability": The master plan's premise is based upon the belief to "practice, promote and teach sustainability" throughout planning, implementation, and operations. The "Sustainability Action Plan" calls for LEED Silver buildings, green technologies reuse of buildings, and "green" guidelines for residents and users. The master plan meets LEED ND Platinum criteria.
Celebrating Transit: The master plan, importantly, places over 4 million sf of mixed-use near transit, that is anticipated to increase Metro and Light Rail ridership ten fold. The master plan calls for a high-density, mixed use, mixed income TOD neighborhood with 30% affordable housing. A new Metro station with bike depot and restaurant will serve as an "iconic station in the park."
Lessons learned: Public Process-- 6 million square-foot mixed-use, infill development approved in 6 months: Large urban infill projects can have enormous impacts on existing neighborhoods; some good, some bad, some real, and some perceived. A meaningful and engaging public process, here, enabled residents and stakeholders to voice their concerns and suggestions BEFORE THE PROJECT Became Political--Density, building heights, traffic, and mix of uses were NOT major concerns, as may be typically expected. Rather, the community was more concerned with quality of development and design, improving connectivity and access to transit, and how the project would support economic, social and affordable housing goals of area neighborhoods and districts. Ultimately, elected officials approved the project in record time, but not without knowing there was broad community support, first. Public-Private Partnership (PPP)-- Master plan is informed by the reality of economics, phasing, and the nuances of the PPP. Master plans are often ill informed of the legal and economic realities of public-private-partnerships and, as a result, the "idealism" cannot be realized. The design team remained engaged in virtually every aspect of this project, including ongoing dialogue regarding the public private partnership among city and state agencies and the developer team. This transparent process has enabled the design team to educate the partnership regarding important urban design and sustainability design principles, ensuring project goals, phasing, budget and policies that support these important considerations can be achieved and are understood in the "legal language" of the "agreement." To that end, the partnership has garnered public support for tax increment financing, historic tax credits, affordable housing tax credits, and various grants to support the project. Importantly, the process has enabled the design team to better understand legal, financial and political complexities, and make sure such considerations as development and infrastructure phasing, and definition of "discreet" projects, are respected in the plan.
Transect Zone(s): T6 core.
Status: Proposed
Project or Plan's Scale: Neighborhood
Features: Affordable/subsidized housing, Civic buildings & parks, Green buildings, Mixed uses, Rail/fixed guideway transit, Sustainable infrastructure, Transit oriented development.
LEED-ND Certification: Platinum
Land area (in acres): 30
Total built area (in sq. ft.):
Total project cost (in local currency): 1.506
Retail area (in sq. ft.): 265000
Office area (in sq. ft.): 2100000
Industrial area (in sq. ft.):
Number of hotel units:
Number of residential units (include live/work): 1800
Civic uses (type and size): 230,000 sf. historic armory, bike depot, metro station
Parks & green space (in acres):
Residential types: High-rise, Mid-rise/loft.
Project team designers: Design Collective, Inc., Glatting Jackson Kercher Anglin, Urban Strategies Inc., Encore Arts
Project team developers: Maryland Department of Transportation, Ekistics, Linden Associates, Inc., McCormack Baron Salazar
Previous site status: Undeveloped infill
Starting/Ending date of construction/implementation: -


text:
Take a thrilling aerial journey over vast deserts, verdant pine forests, sparkling lakes and rivers, snow-capped mountain peaks, rolling grasslands, gleaming cities and the striking landforms of the Grand Canyon and Monument Valley. Enhanced by high definition television technology and an original musical score, the program's magnificent photography and informative narration will educate and enthrall audiences of all ages about the dramatic diversity of Arizona. 40 minutes.
Need help accessing? Contact email@example.com
Eight is a member-supported service of Arizona State University Copyright Arizona Board of Regents


text:
Professional Education
Doctor of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University (2009)
Stanford Advisors
Samuel Cheshier, Postdoctoral Faculty Sponsor
Hedgehog signaling drives oncogenesis in several cancers, and strategies targeting this pathway have been developed, most notably through inhibition of Smoothened (SMO). However, resistance to Smoothened inhibitors occurs by genetic changes of Smoothened or other downstream Hedgehog components. Here we overcome these resistance mechanisms by modulating GLI transcription through inhibition of bromo and extra C-terminal (BET) bromodomain proteins. We show that BRD4 and other BET bromodomain proteins regulate GLI transcription downstream of SMO and suppressor of fused (SUFU), and chromatin immunoprecipitation studies reveal that BRD4 directly occupies GLI1 and GLI2 promoters, with a substantial decrease in engagement of these sites after treatment with JQ1, a small-molecule inhibitor targeting BRD4. Globally, genes associated with medulloblastoma-specific GLI1 binding sites are downregulated in response to JQ1 treatment, supporting direct regulation of GLI activity by BRD4. Notably, patient- and GEMM (genetically engineered mouse model)-derived Hedgehog-driven tumors (basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor) respond to JQ1 even when harboring genetic lesions rendering them resistant to Smoothened antagonists. Altogether, our results reveal BET proteins as critical regulators of Hedgehog pathway transcriptional output and nominate BET bromodomain inhibitors as a strategy for treating Hedgehog-driven tumors with emerged or a priori resistance to Smoothened antagonists.
View details for DOI 10.1038/nm.3613
View details for PubMedID 24973920
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and fatal primary brain tumor in humans, and it is essential that new and better therapies are developed to treat this disease. Previous research suggests that casein kinase 2 (CK2) may be a promising therapeutic target for GBMs. CK2 has enhanced expression or activity in numerous cancers, including GBM, and it has been demonstrated that inhibitors of CK2 regressed tumor growth in GBM xenograft mouse models. Our studies demonstrate that the CK2 subunit, CK2α, is overexpressed in and has an important role in regulating brain tumor-initiating cells (BTIC) in GBM. Initial studies showed that two GBM cell lines (U87-MG and U138) transduced with CK2α had enhanced proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. Inhibition of CKα using siRNA or small-molecule inhibitors (TBBz, CX-4945) reduced cell growth, decreased tumor size, and increased survival rates in GBM xenograft mouse models. We also verified that inhibition of CK2α decreased the activity of a well-known GBM-initiating cell regulator, β-catenin. Loss of CK2α decreased two β-catenin-regulated genes that are involved in GBM-initiating cell growth, OCT4 and NANOG. To determine the importance of CK2α in GBM stem cell maintenance, we reduced CK2α activity in primary GBM samples and tumor spheres derived from GBM patients. We discovered that loss of CK2α activity reduced the sphere-forming capacity of BTIC and decreased numerous GBM stem cell markers, including CD133, CD90, CD49f and A2B5. Our study suggests that CK2α is involved in GBM tumorigenesis by maintaining BTIC through the regulation of β-catenin.Oncogene advance online publication, 22 September 2014; doi:10.1038/onc.2014.299.
View details for DOI 10.1038/onc.2014.299
View details for PubMedID 25241897
Aberrant activation of receptor-tyrosine kinase c-Met/HGF pathway is shown to be associated with cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis and poor-prognosis in several tumor types, including upper gastrointestinal-malignancies. The interaction of c-Met with multiple signalling-pathways involved in tumorigenic-properties and invasive-phenotype has gained substantial attention, suggesting its role as an intriguing-target for cancer-therapy. In recent years, there have been considerable efforts in development of effective c-Met inhibitors with potential clinical-applications and one of them, crizotinib (dual c-Met/ALK inhibitor), has recently been approved for lung-cancers with ALK-rearrangement. However several important questions remain to be unanswered on the molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumor effects of crizotinib, as well as on its possible role in the treatment of different tumor types, including upper-gastrointestinal-cancers. The aim of this review is to give an overview on critical role of the c-Met/HGF pathway in cancer, as well as the preclinical/clinical studies on c-Met inhibitors. There are accumulating evidences on therapeutic potential of c-Met inhibitors for the treatment of other malignancies, such as gastric and pancreatic cancers. However, further investigations are needed to identify determinants of the activity of c-Met inhibitors, through the analysis of genetic/environmental alterations affecting c-Met and parallel pro-cancer pathways; mechanisms result in developing resistance to anti-c-Met agents; and selection of patients that might benefit from therapy. These studies will be essential to improve the selectivity/efficacy of future anticancer strategies of c-Met targeted-therapies in treatment of upper gastrointestinal-cancers.
View details for Web of Science ID 000346421300006
View details for PubMedID 25382190
Safety of and humoral immune response to the anti-influenza vaccine in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients were evaluated. The trivalent vaccine was administered to 137 eligible CAD patients and 67 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. Antibody (Ab) titers were measured before and 1 month after vaccination. CAD and HC groups were not significantly different in serologic response and magnitude of change in antibody titers against each of the vaccine antigens. In multivariate analyses, regular exercise and using multivitamin supplements were independently associated with better antibody response among CAD patients. There were no major cardiac or general adverse effects. Influenza vaccine was found safe in CAD patients and antibody responses were similar to HCs.
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.09.108
View details for Web of Science ID 000274869200014
View details for PubMedID 19819210
Hedgehog signaling drives oncogenesis in several cancers, and strategies targeting this pathway have been developed, most notably through inhibition of Smoothened (SMO). However, resistance to Smoothened inhibitors occurs by genetic changes of Smoothened or other downstream Hedgehog components. Here we overcome these resistance mechanisms by modulating GLI transcription through inhibition of bromo and extra C-terminal (BET) bromodomain proteins. We show that BRD4 and other BET bromodomain proteins regulate GLI transcription downstream of SMO and suppressor of fused (SUFU), and chromatin immunoprecipitation studies reveal that BRD4 directly occupies GLI1 and GLI2 promoters, with a substantial decrease in engagement of these sites after treatment with JQ1, a small-molecule inhibitor targeting BRD4. Globally, genes associated with medulloblastoma-specific GLI1 binding sites are downregulated in response to JQ1 treatment, supporting direct regulation of GLI activity by BRD4. Notably, patient- and GEMM (genetically engineered mouse model)-derived Hedgehog-driven tumors (basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor) respond to JQ1 even when harboring genetic lesions rendering them resistant to Smoothened antagonists. Altogether, our results reveal BET proteins as critical regulators of Hedgehog pathway transcriptional output and nominate BET bromodomain inhibitors as a strategy for treating Hedgehog-driven tumors with emerged or a priori resistance to Smoothened antagonists.
View details for Web of Science ID 000338689500015
Introduction: Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is one of the main complications of diabetes mellitus, mostly ending to end-stage renal disease. Leptin and C-reactive protein (CRP), as inflammatory markers implicated in the progression of DN, increase in diabetes mellitus, while transferrin and albumin, as members of anti-oxidant defense mechanism, are found to decline.In a controlled clinical trial, 65 patients with type 2 DN were assigned to receive lovastatin or placebo, for 3 months, to assess statins' impact on serum levels of leptin, CRP, transferrin, albumin, and lipid profile.Serum levels of CRP (3.52 +/- 4.16 mg/dL to 2.84 +/- 3.06 mg/dL, P = .02), leptin (10.78 +/- 8.30 mg/dL to 7.80 +/- 5.41 mg/dL, P = .006), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (116.16 +/- 46.54 mg/dL to 85.46 +/- 29.22 mg/dL, P = .001), and total cholesterol (199.00 +/- 43.33 mg/dL to 164.67 +/- 35.19 mg/dL, P = .001) were lowered after lovastatin therapy. Mean serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased (40.00 mg/dL to 42.80 mg/dL, P = .005) after the treatment. Lovastatin had no significant effect on albumin and transferrin. Placebo did not change any of the parameters after 3 months.The effect of statins on the inflammatory markers involved in the development of DN is a new approach to evidence supporting the pleiotropic effect of this drug group.
View details for Web of Science ID 000337073100010
View details for PubMedID 24878942
MYC-amplified medulloblastomas are highly lethal tumors. BET bromodomain inhibition has recently been shown to suppress MYC-associated transcriptional activity in other cancers. The compound JQ1 inhibits BET bromodomain-containing proteins, including BRD4. Here we investigate BET bromodomain targeting for the treatment of MYC-amplified medulloblastoma.We evaluated the effects of genetic and pharmacological inhibition of BET bromodomains on proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis in established and newly generated patient- and GEMM-derived medulloblastoma cell lines and xenografts that harbored amplifications of MYC or MYCN. We also assessed the effect of JQ1 on MYC expression and global MYC-associated transcriptional activity. We assessed in vivo efficacy of JQ1 in orthotopic xenografts established in immunocompromised mice.Treatment of MYC-amplified medulloblastoma cells with JQ1 decreased cell viability associated with arrest at G1 and apoptosis. We observed down-regulation of MYC expression and confirmed inhibition of MYC-associated transcriptional targets. Exogenous expression of MYC from a retroviral promoter reduced the effect of JQ1 on cell viability, suggesting that attenuated levels of MYC contribute to the functional effects of JQ1. JQ1 significantly prolonged survival of orthotopic xenograft models of MYC-amplified medulloblastoma (p<0.001). Xenografts harvested from mice after five doses of JQ1 had reduced expression of MYC mRNA and a reduced proliferative index.JQ1 suppresses MYC expression and MYC-associated transcriptional activity in medulloblastomas, resulting in an overall decrease in medulloblastoma cell viability. These preclinical findings highlight the promise of BET bromodomain inhibitors as novel agents for MYC-amplified medulloblastoma.
View details for DOI 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-2281
View details for Web of Science ID 000331875500015
View details for PubMedID 24297863
Hyperlipidemia can lead to atherosclerosis by lipoprotein deposition inside the vessel wall and oxidative stress induction that leads to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein particles (Ox-LDL) have a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The lipid-lowering properties and antioxidants of the grape seed can be beneficial in atherosclerosis prevention. We conducted a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial. Fifty-two mildly hyperlipidemic individuals were divided into two groups that received either 200 mg/day of the red grape seed extract (RGSE) or placebo for 8 weeks. After an 8-week washout period, the groups were crossed over for another 8 weeks. Lipid profiles and Ox-LDL were measured at the beginning and the end of each phase. RGSE consumption reduced total cholesterol (-10.68±26.76 mg/dL, P=.015), LDL cholesterol (-9.66±23.92 mg/dL, P=.014), and Ox-LDL (-5.47±12.12 mg/dL, P=.008). While triglyceride and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased by RGSE, the changes were not statistically significant. RGSE consumption decreases Ox-LDL and has beneficial effects on lipid profile-consequently decreasing the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disorders-in mild hyperlipidemic individuals.
View details for DOI 10.1089/jmf.2012.2408
View details for Web of Science ID 000316051800010
View details for PubMedID 23437789
This review was undertaken to determine the role of surgery in the treatment of brucella endocarditis. All English and French articles reporting brucella endocarditis (1966 to 2011) in PubMed, Google, and Scopus were reviewed. In all, 308 cases were identified, and linear and logistic regression was performed. Surgery improved outcomes by decreasing mortality from 32.7% in the medical treatment only group to 6.7% in the combined surgical and medical treatment group (p<0.001). This association was still significant while controlling for other contributing factors. In the absence of a controlled trial, we recommend the utmost vigilance and consideration of surgical management in treating such patients.
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.07.006
View details for Web of Science ID 000311436300076
View details for PubMedID 23102495
Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory, granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology. The role of cellular and humoral immune systems in this disease is unclear, whereas dysregulation of the immune system is suggested. Patients with sarcoidosis show diverse responses while exposed to various antigens. Although influenza vaccination is recommended in pulmonary sarcoidosis, its efficacy and safety has not been investigated.? To evaluate safety and immunogenicity of influenza vaccine in patients with sarcoidosis.Influenza vaccination was performed in 23 eligible patients with sarcoidosis (SP) and 26 healthy controls (HC). Antibody titers against H1N1, H3N2, and B influenza virus antigens were evaluated just before and 1 month after vaccination. Patients were followed for 6 months to assess vaccine safety.Serological response and magnitude of changes in antibody titers against influenza vaccine antigens were comparable between SPs and HCs. Women showed a better serological response against B antigen (P = 0·034) than men. Twenty-four-hour urine calcium was associated with antibody response against H1N1 [correlation coefficient (CC) = 0·477, P = 0·003] and H3N2 (CC = 0·352, P = 0·028) antigens. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme correlated negatively with antibody response against B antigen (CC = -0·331, P = 0·040). Higher residual volume was associated with fewer rises in antibody titer against H3N2 antigen (CC = -0·377, P = 0·035). No major adverse events or disease flare-up was observed during follow-up.In this study, influenza vaccination did not cause any major adverse event in SPs, and their serological response was equal to HCs. Studies with larger sample size and a broader selection of subjects could help validate the results of this study.
View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00290.x
View details for Web of Science ID 000300689300009
View details for PubMedID 21955954
INTRODUCTION: Drug resistance mutations (DRM) in viral RNA are important in defining to provide effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-1 infected patients. Detection of DRM in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) DNA is another source of information, although the clinical significance of DRMs in proviral DNA is less clear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 25 patients receiving ART at a center in Zimbabwe, 32 blood samples were collected. Dideoxy-sequencing of gag-pol identified subtype and resistance mutations from plasma viral RNA and proviral DNA. Drug resistance was estimated using the calibrated population resistance tool on www.hivdb.stanford.edu database. Numerical resistance scores were calculated for all antiretroviral drugs and for the subjects' reported regimen. Phylogenetic analysis as maximum likelihood was performed to determine the evolutionary distance between sequences. RESULTS: Of the 25 patients, 4 patients (2 of which had given 2 blood samples) were not known to be on ART (NA) and had exclusively wild-type virus, 17 had received Protease inhibitors (PI), 18, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) and 19, two or more nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI). Of the 17 with history of PI, 10 had PI mutations, 5 had minor differences between mutations in RNA and DNA. Eighteen samples had NNRTI mutations, six of which demonstrated some discordance between DNA and RNA mutations. Although NRTI resistance mutations were frequently different between analyses, mutations resulted in very similar estimated phenotypes as measured by resistance scores. The numerical resistance scores from RNA and DNA for PIs differed between 2/10, for NNRTIs between 8/18, and for NRTIs between 17/32 pairs. When calculated resistance scores were collapsed, 3 pairs showed discordance between RNA and DNA for at least one PI, 6 were discordant for at least one NNRTI and 11 for at least one NRTI. Regarding phylogenetic evolutionary analysis, all RNA and DNA sequence pairs clustered closely in a maximum likelihood tree. CONCLUSION: PBMC DNA could be useful for testing drug resistance in conjunction with plasma RNA where the results of each yielded complementary information about drug resistance. Identification of DRM, archived in proviral DNA, could be used to provide for sustainable public health surveillance among subtype C infected patients.
View details for PubMedID 23019537
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jinf.2010.03.027
View details for Web of Science ID 000278817900014
View details for PubMedID 20362000
Cystic lymphangiomas originate as benign masses which occur mostly in children especially in the head and neck region and/or the groin. Although abdominal lymphangiomas are rare, they are most commonly reported in adults. In addition, pancreatic involvement is rare. Lymphatic malformation with blockage of the lymphatic flow is the most common etiology leading to the formation of lymphangiomas. Cystic lymphangiomas should always be included in the differential diagnosis of abdominal masses which present with mass effect signs and symptoms. Due to its rarity, it forms a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the clinician.We herein report the case of a 43-year-old man with a cystic lymphangioma detected in the head of the pancreas and describe the surgical procedure utilized as the therapeutic medium.To remove this mass, we utilized a modified approach to a classic pancreaticoduodenectomy. This technique involved resection of the head of the pancreas while preserving the upper 2nd portion of the duodenum and the ampulla of Vater. The result of our 30-month follow-up of this patient has been very satisfactory with no complications.
View details for PubMedID 21068498


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July 22, 2013
Links: Australian Glass and the Pacific Northwest at Museum of Glass
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Action/Adventure, Comedy
For the past two years, high-school security guard Ben has been trying to show decorated APD detective James that he's more than just a video-game junkie who's unworthy of James' sister, Angela. When Ben finally gets accepted into the academy, he thinks he's earned the seasoned policeman's respect and asks for his blessing to marry Angela. Knowing that a ride along will demonstrate if Ben has what it takes to take care of his sister, James invites him on a shift designed to scare the hell out of the trainee. But when the wild night leads them to the most notorious criminal in the city, James will find that his new partner's rapid-fire mouth is just as dangerous as the bullets speeding at it.
Rated PG-13 for sequences of violence, sexual content and brief strong language.
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Cast: John Leguizamo, Ice Cube, Kevin Hart
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Written by: Phil Hay
Running time: 1hr 40min
Opens: Jan 17, 2014 Nationwide


text: Week through the lens 18th February Victoria and David Beckham leaving their Hotel, New York. Nasa handout photo taken from its Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) of two solar flares seen in extreme ultraviolet light over a three day period (Feb 7 – 10 2011). Northern Lights displays could illuminate the night sky over Britain as eruptions from the sun head towards Earth A playful kitten from Moscow who liked unusual places to play and hide. Is it 'kitty in a bottle'?? (Picture: kns news) Bahrain youths demonstrate in front of the police in Manama Rihanna, Cheryl Cole and Kayla Collins were amongst the Brits guests. Police shoot naked man off telegraph pole!! A man swung naked from high-voltage cables after quarrelling with his wife in Hechi, southern China's Guangxi Province. The man was first spotted running naked through the streets at around 9am, banging vehicles and causing temporary traffic congestion. When police arrived the man clambered up a pylon and crawled out onto a high-voltage cable. "Our hearts were squeezing and bumping very fast in seeing him do that stunt," said Officer Li Qinzhong. After swinging on the cable for around 30 minutes the man jumped to the ground before promptly diving into a nearby river. As the man's relatives arrived to try and calm him down he was persauded to come out of the water. He was then subdued by firefighters who strapped him onto a stretcher and Gennaro Gattuso of AC Milan headbutts assistant Spurs coach Joe Jordan (Bad idea Gennaro) after the Champions League game. Spurs won 1 nil with a Peter Crouch goal. So that's 2 nil to Spurs? Take That are surrounded by dancers dressed up as riot police in a Brits rehearsal No Brits for Cheryl Cole but at least her dress held together!! Plan B's act at the Brits featured a man in flames England's captain Andrew Strauss arrives on a rickshaw at the opening ceremony of the International Cricket Council (ICC) Cricket World Cup at the Bangabandhu National Stadium Emma Watson poses with her Elle award for Style Icon Cheryl Cole suffered a slight wardrobe malfunction at the Elle Style Awards. It got worse at the Brits where she didn't win anything but her dress held up. Kissy kissy! Katy Perry and actor Russell Brand arrive at The 53rd Annual GRAMMY Awards VSO Campaigners descended on Parliament for a mass lobby to ensure the Government gives substantial financial support to UN Women, putting an end to discrimination against women around the world. Photo: © VSO/Andy Aitchison Lady Gaga wore a condom-inspired outfit for her appearance on Good Morning America. Now that's what we call a 'safe' interview. Katie Price had been wearing a red nose to support Comic Relief just before her car crashed. Beat that: Paolo Nespoli has been nominated for a 'Shorty' Twitter gong for his amazing photos of space (Picture: Paolo Nespoli) Group hug!Arsenal's Spanish midfielder Cesc Fabregas celebrates a goal during the team's Champions League round of 16, 1st leg football match against FC Barcelona which Arsenal won 2-1 on February 16, 2011 at the Emirates Stadium in London. Prime Minister's wife Samantha Cameron waits to make a speech at the launch of London Fashion Week. She has become an Ambassador for London Fashion Week. Katy Perry performs onstage at The 53rd Annual GRAMMY Awards Britney Spears' latest single 'Hold It Against Me', which see's Britney perfoming a series of dance routines in raunchy outfits and a wedding dress, and features plenty of product placements


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Showing Suppliers 1 - 20 of 56
Applied Industrial Technologies (5 Products)
Business Type: Distributor, Service
Description: Applied Industrial Technologies (NYSE: AIT) is one of North America's largest industrial distributors of bearings, power transmission components, hydraulic components and systems, pneumatic components and systems, industrial rubber products, linear components, tools, safety... (more)
View Catalog
Address: 3520 Gembrit Circle, KALAMAZOO, MI
Address: 1948 Plaza Dr., BENTON HARBOR, MI
Address: 235 Hoover Blvd., HOLLAND, MI
Address: 623 Industrial Park Dr., IRON MOUNTAIN, MI
Address: 2650 Airport Rd., JACKSON, MI
Address: 2055 Dickerson Rd., GAYLORD, MI
Address: 35430 Beattie Dr., STERLING HEIGHTS, MI
Address: 23937 Freeway Park Drive, FARMINGTON HILLS, MI
Address: 1875 Hamilton Rd., ALPENA, MI
Address: 6090 Grand Haven Rd., NORTON SHORES, MI
Address: 100 Industrial Way, ISHPEMING, MI
Address: 1550 Gezon Pkwy. SW, WYOMING, MI
Address: 1150 N. Outer Dr., SAGINAW, MI
Address: 1003 W. Huron Blvd., MARYSVILLE, MI
Address: 2425 Sybrant Rd., TRAVERSE CITY, MI
Address: 4302 S Creyts Rd. Suite C, LANSING, MI
B&H Machine Sales
Address: 9339 West Fort Street, Detroit, MI
Business Type: Distributor, Service
Description: B&H provides you: Over 70 years of experience. Over 150,000 sq./ft. of inventory. Machining, welding & repairs. The largest selection of speed reducers anywhere! Surplus & remanufactured parts. Speed Reducers The largest selection of speed reducers in... (more)
ElectroCraft (32 Products)
Address: 4480 Varsity Drive, Suite G, Ann Arbor, MI
Business Type: Manufacturer
Description: For over 60 years, ElectroCraft has been helping engineers translate innovative ideas into reality — one reliable motor at a time. As a global specialist in custom motor and motion technology, they provide the engineering capabilities and worldwide resources you need to succeed. However, it is... (more)
Festo Corporation (Custom)
Address: 1441 West Long Lake Road Suite 110, Troy, MI
Business Type: Manufacturer, Service
Description: Festo is a leading global manufacturer of pneumatic and electromechanical systems, components and controls for process control and factory automation solutions, with more than 55 national headquarters serving more than 180 countries. With over 40 years of innovation in the United States and... (more)
Grainger Industrial Supply
Business Type: Distributor
Description: Grainger helps customers save time and money by providing them the right products to keep their facilities up and running. Grainger's customers are 2.0 million businesses and institutions in 157 countries. While each customer has a unique facility to operate and a different problem to solve, our... (more)
Address: 3803 Roger B Chaffee SE Branch 320, Grand Rapids, MI


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Three weekends remain in the Southeastern Conference regular season and for the Mississippi State Bulldogs this week's trip to Tuscaloosa is the biggest series of 2012 season.
State looks to claim their fourth SEC series out of their last five attempts thus solidifying themselves as contenders for a trip to the SEC Tournament.
"I'm going to say this and I'll say it again next week because it is true, this is the most important series of the season," said MSU baseball coach John Cohen.
The Bulldogs are 27-17 overall with a conference record of 10-11, tied for sixth place in league play. While Cohen enjoys returning to his hometown he would like to remind everyone this trip is all business.
"Obviously, for me, it is one of those games where you see a lot of familiar faces," Cohen said. "You see your elementary school teachers. You see a lot of people you've known your whole life. It is great to see those folks, but this is a business trip for us and we have a lot of work to do."
As for the work at hand, Chris Stratton takes the hill tonight as the league's hottest pitcher with an 8-0 record and a 2.39 ERA. The right-hander is the current SEC Pitcher of the Week after his complete game victory over Ole Miss last Friday. This week he was also added to the Golden Spikes watchlist as one of the nation's elite college baseball players.
Stratton faces off against dazzling freshman righty Spencer Turnbull who has a 2-3 record with a 4.54 ERA. The Madison native earned SEC Freshman of the Week honors last week for his seven inning of no-hit baseball against South Carolina.
"Turnbull really pitched well for them last Thursday night," said Cohen. "He has great stuff, but the one thing about him is that he hasn't been able to locate his pitches consistently. However, when he does that he's pretty good."
At the plate, the Tide falls into the same category as the Bulldogs – inexperienced.
"Offensively, they have a lot of folks that haven't played a lot of SEC baseball, which is kind of our story," Cohen said. "They struggle a little bit in that area, but at times, they've been very good. They are a very capable offensive club.
"Alabama is a dangerous club for us to be playing because they have nothing to lose and everything to play for. They are a talented club that just haven't found their way yet."
As for the Bulldogs, it appears to be smoke and mirrors in getting the job done, but the truth of the matter is that dominate pitching and solid defense have given them confidence.
"I think there is a confidence there that if we score runs, we are going to win the game and I don't mean a bunch of runs," Cohen said.
Adam Frazier leads MSU at the dish with a .343 batting average and has 58 hits, 34 runs scored, and an SEC-leading 37 walks. He has also played a significant role in helping State turn a league-best 52 double plays.
Despite Frazier's efforts at the plate, the Bulldogs have spent their last two series batting under .200. The good news for State is the possible return of Taylor Stark.
"He has been moving around and started taking batting practice and I think he might swing the bat for us," Cohen said. "That would be a big shot in the arm."
First pitch from Sewell-Thomas Stadium is set for 6:35 p.m.View more articles in:


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Cool Thread On The FalFiles, Ray Luzier. BEST ROCK drummer.
Hey Guys!! Check this out >> http://www.falfiles.com/forums/showthread.php?t=355012
I nominated Ray as Best Rock Drummer and got 67 response, I ebedded 2 Of what I think are the best Korn Live videos ever.
I love you guys, Almost seem like Family to me.
Keep up the awesome momentum.....And Come to Reno Nevada soon,
Thanks, Bob in Reno Nevada
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Togliattiazot Promised to be Next Stop Correctional Facility for Pussy Riot Members After The Jail
Filed Under: Politics, World | Posted: 10/08/2012 at 10:16PM
Comments | Region: Russian Federation
The law firm, Norton Rose, London, United Kingdom, on behalf of its client, Togliattiazot and the Makhlai Family, has requested that GroundReport post the following disclaimer, which GroundReport agreed to do in the interest of free speech and fairness,
"Togliattiazot and its management consider that this article contains inaccurate and misleading information relating to Togliattiazot and its management. Togliattiazot does not support the publication of this article and considers it to be defamatory."
Please fact check this article and post your findings in the Comment section. If the article is determined to violate GroundReport's "Terms of Use", it will be taken down. However, if the facts are independently verified, the disclaimer will be removed.
A "punk public service", as it was described by the judge of Russian court reviewing the process of already world's famous members of the Russian punk band Pussy Riot, who performed their public action in Russia's most famous Christ the Savour Cathedral perceived as a milestone in Russian political situation by many of the experts. Attitude to the event is quite differs in Russia and western countries. Many western musicians and political activists supports Pussy Riot's call to freedom and blames Putin regime for the severity. Yoko Ono, with the backing of the human rights group Amnesty International, said recently that all members of the beleaguered female Russian punk band who received jail terms for staging a public protest against President Vladimir Putin will receive LennonOno Grant for Peace. Earlier in Moscow the band members were supported by Madonna, who performed one of her songs in the mask, similar to those, Pussy Riot member wear in the cathedral and ask Russian authorities to soften the verdict. In Russia situation is completely different. Pussy Riot's action is criticized on all possible levels, both governmental and commercial, being named as the risk to country's sovereignty and political stability. Sometimes the level of criticism, which mostly comes from the desire to stand out in front of the new and powerful government, breaks all rational limits. To show you an example, a recent announcement by Russian chemical combine Togliattiazot management, which they have made after a meeting of their 3000 workers, proposed correctional tasks at their plant be enforced for Pussy Riot members "to show them how to live, and be a good mothers". According to the report, Sergey Makhlai, owner of the combine, doesn't live in Russia, is a U.S. citizen and permanently resides in the West with his family. He travels between Switzerland and US controlling export sales which are managed by the trading company Ameropa AG together with his partner Andreas Zivy. His father Vladimir Makhlai is in political asylum in London and, according to the various sources, had previously financed the opposition in the attempt to neutralize prosecution and criminal charges launched against him in Russia. Multiple reports indicate that Makhlai family has been under criminal investigation of tax fraud worth dozens millions dollars since 2005. Recently it's been reported that their family business is again under scrutiny by controlling authorities – this time for stealing $ 560 million from their own enterprise and money laundering. Now, it seems that Makhlai family is trying to compensate by jumping in the Pussy Riot vagon – we criticize all opposition and solve our GR problems, they think. Sergey Makhlai didn't break very far away from US businessmen who had also successfully jumped on the same vagon and made the Pussy Riot Vodka to be sold in US. Why try hard to improve your chemical production and fight in the tight competition with Chinese if you can just blame Pussy Riot!


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Right Column
Circulation of Final Environmental Impact Report / Environmental Impact Statement
The circulation period for this FEIR/EIS is from Friday, July 18, 2014 to Monday, August 18, 2014.
SR-58 Kramer Junction Expressway Final Environmental Impact Report / Environmental Impact Statement (Final EIR/EIS) Voume I
SR-58 Kramer Junction Expressway Final Environmental Impact Report / Environmental Impact Statement (Final EIR/EIS) Volume II
The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) plans to realign and widen a 13.3-mile segment of State Route 58 (SR-58) from 0.4 miles west of the Kern County/San Bernardino County line Post Mile (PM) Route (R) 0.0 to a point that is approximately 7.5 miles (PM R12.9) east of United States Route 395 (US-395), from a two-lane conventional highway to a four-lane expressway; and construct an interchange at the SR-58/US-395 Junction. In addition, the project would involve the construction of crossing structure above the BNSF rail line where it intersects with SR-58 approximately 2.5 miles east of Kramer Junction.
Caltrans is the lead agency under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).
Caltrans has completed a Final Environmental Impact Report/Environmental Impact Statement (EIR/EIS) that evaluates the potential impacts of the no-build and build alternatives, which was approved by Caltrans on July 1, 2014.
The Final EIR/EIS tells why the project is being planned, what alternatives were considered for the project, how the existing environment could be affected by the project, the potential impacts of each of the alternatives, including the identified Preferred Alternative, Alternative 1A, and the planned avoidance, minimization, and/or mitigation measures. The Final EIR/EIS also includes Caltrans' responses to the comments Caltrans received in conjunction with public circulation of the Draft EIR/EIS, which occurred between Friday, July 5, 2013 and Monday, August 19, 2013.
Full consideration was given to the technical studies prepared for the alternatives, and data was carefully analyzed for all alternatives on an equal basis. After comparing and weighing the benefits and impacts of all of the feasible alternatives and considering public comments, members of the Project Development Team (PDT) identified Alternative 1A as the preferred alternative at a meeting following the circulation of the Draft EIR/EIS in August 2013. See Chapter 5 of this Final EIR/EIS for Caltrans' responses to the comments received during circulation of the Draft EIR/EIS.
The circulation period for this FEIR/EIS, as noted above, is from Friday, July 18, 2014 to Monday, August 18, 2014.
Hard copies of this Final EIR/EIS are available for review at:
Barstow Branch Library
304 E. Buena Vista Street
Barstow, CA 92311-2806
Boron Branch Library
26967 Twenty Mule Team Road
Boron, CA 93516
Caltrans District 8 Office
464 West 4th Street
San Bernardino, CA 92401-1400
Comments on the approved Final EIR/EIS prepared for this planned project, which will be designed and constructed based on the identified Preferred Alternative, Alternative 1A, may be submitted via postal mail to:
Kurt Heidelberg
Senior Environmental Planner
California Department of Transportation
Division of Environmental Planning
464 W. 4th Street, 6th Floor MS 820
San Bernardino, California 92401-1400
Comments on the approved Final EIR/EIS may also be submitted via email to: firstname.lastname@example.com
Be sure to submit comments by the deadline: Monday, August 18, 2014
All comments received will become part of the public record.
View a map of the Preferred Alternative (Alternative 1A)


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It seems that the ghost of the faster-than-light neutrino results won't die a peaceful death! What was earlier dismissed as a mere computer glitch is not as easy as that! There is a second error and that complicates matters a bit!Read More
Spitzer space telescope finds buckyballs in space! And the more the amount of carbon you get, the better it gets!Read More
University of Pennsylvania professor Hermann Pfefferkorn and a team of Chinese scientists found a nearly complete Permian era forest frozen in volcanic ash near a mining site in Wuda, China.Read More
A simple computer glitch might undo the greatest anomaly found in physics so far! It seems a faulty GPS connection may have been the cause of the faster than light travel speed of the neutrinos.Read More
Once the giant accelerator and the mainstay of the high energy physics community, now reduced to a museum piece. Not even that actually, with the numerous components being detached from it.Read More
The biggest array ever – the Square Kilometer Array – is facing a quandary regarding its location. Two rival countries are bidding for the giant!Read More
Physicists from Australian and America have successfully made a transistor that is just one atom wide, using a phosphorus atom embedded in a silicon substrate.Read More
The world's first hamburger developed from cow stem cells is expected to come this fall.Read More
A team of Harvard medical researchers have just taken origami and applied it to DNA! The result? A DNA robot capable to attacking only specific cancerous cells.Read More
Italian scientists have discovered signatures of a very exotic form of matter called hypernuclei! They have been able to synthesize hyperhydrogen – and this might help us understand the different strange matter particle in the Universe.Read More
Now a film crew will capture Randi as he does what he does the best – smoking out frauds and busting them in style! "An Honest Liar" tracks the grizzly skeptic.Read More
The Swiss space agency is creating a janitor satellite to clean up the immediate vicinity of space around Earth. Junk is a much bigger problem in space than here on Earth.Read More
The first handshake in space between man and robot occurred aboard the International Space Station.Read More
A team of scientists have discovered the world's smallest chameleon on a tiny island off the coast of Madagascar.Read More
NASA's Terra satellite has sent in a photo from space and it reveals a bleak picture. The entire of Europe is experiencing weather conditions, producing temperatures way below normal.Read More