text:
August 16, 2005 3:44 PM PDT
Windows worms knocking out computers
- Related Stories
Apple unloads dozens of fixes for OS XAugust 16, 2005
Zotob worm finds its path limitedAugust 15, 2005
IE flaw opens door to infection on sightAugust 9, 2005
Microsoft to update final Windows 2000 patchAugust 8, 2005
Worm hole found in Windows 2000August 3, 2005
This week in Microsoft securityJuly 22, 2005
Windows 2000 moves to the back burnerJune 28, 2005
The slow road to Windows XPJune 14, 2005
Computers across the United States have been hit, including those at cable news station CNN, television network ABC and The New York Times. Tokyo-based antivirus company Trend Micro blames the havoc on various worms, including the Zotob worm that hit the Internet over the weekend and new variants of the Rbot worm.
Some security researchers claim the outbreak is tied to a "war" between rival virus writers. "We seem to have a botwar on our hands," Mikko Hypponen, chief research officer at Finnish software security firm F-Secure said in a statement issued on Wednesday.
"There appear to be three different virus-writing gangs turning out new worms at an alarming rate, as if they were competing to build the biggest network of infected machines," he said.
All of the worms exploit a security hole in the plug-and-play feature in the Windows 2000 operating system. Microsoft offered a fix for the bug as part of its monthly patching cycle last week. The software maker deemed the issue "critical," its most serious rating.
Zotob prevention and cure
"It seems like every couple of minutes a new variant comes in. We cannot pinpoint the infections to one variant," Joe Hartmann, director of the antivirus research group at Trend Micro, said on Tuesday. "We are still gathering infection reports. It is coming globally."
Symptoms of infection include the repeated shutdown and rebooting of a computer, Trend Micro said.
Microsoft is investigating the reports of the worm outbreak, the company said in a statement. It lists "Worm_Rbot.CEQ," an Rbot variant, as the possible cause of the trouble.
The company also sought to downplay the threat and said Windows 2000-based PCs running the latest patch are protected. "Zotob has thus far had a low rate of infection. Zotob only targets Windows 2000. Customers running other versions such as Windows XP, or customers who have applied the MS05-039 update to Windows 2000 are not impacted by this attack," the company said in a statement issued Tuesday.
Inside job
The multiple worms are hitting individual organizations rather than computer users at large, said Johannes Ullrich, chief research officer at the SANS Institute, an Internet security training and research outfit.
"These worms are not having an impact on the Internet," Ullrich said on Tuesday. "They do have a substantial effect on organizations running Windows 2000 without last week's Microsoft patch installed."
The pain is being felt "on the inside," agreed David Cole, the director of product management at Symantec Security Response. The worms might slither onto the networks of companies with Windows 2000 systems from an infected laptop that has been used outside the corporate firewall, for example, he said.
"It gets inside an organization and then it bounces around and wreaks havoc," Cole said.
The New York Times has been hit by the virus, but the assault has not impacted the delivery of the news, said a spokeswoman for the publication.
"The Web site was not affected and newspaper production will not be affected," the representative said. The internal systems of the paper are "operational," the representative added, but she did not state what degree of impact the worm had had on its internal operations.
Walt Disney's ABC News and Time Warner's CNN confirmed in postings to their Web sites that their computers had been hit.
Which worm done it?
Experts have different opinions on the cause of the latest infections. The SANS Internet Storm Center, which tracks network threats, attributes Tuesday's trouble to Zotob, which keeps mutating and finding new victims. "As seen with prior TCP worms, it is reaching its peak around three days after the outbreak," SANS said on its Web site.
The security issue exploited by the worm also affects the newer Windows XP and Windows Server 2003, but only PCs running Windows 2000 are susceptible to a remote attack, Microsoft has said.
There are desktop and server versions of Windows 2000, which was released in 2000 for business users rather than consumers. More
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105 commentsJoin the conversation! Add your comment
- Full LIVE coverage on CNN!
- The funny thing is, they had just switched out thier Apple Displays
and computers to Dells within the last couple of days! What timing.
- Like Reply Link Flag
- CNN only complaining
- CNN was the only ones complaining for like 4 hours. All other networks, incruding Reuters hav been silent. Strange isn't it?
- Like Link Flag
- But the new Dell machines are not infected
- But the new Dell machines are not infected. This worm attack is only against older Windows 2000 boxes, which no longer have support from Microsoft, but had a patch released that somebody forgot to install.
- Like Link Flag
- CNN should be Embarrassed
- I just watched a delayed broadcast that my TiVo recorded of the Live CNN report about the WORLDWIDE WORM INFECTION. CNN should be Embarrassed. Their IT people could have patched them last week. The funny thing and maybe not so funny is that they reported it as something big and the infection will only infect unpatched/unprotected Windows 2000 machines.
Again, CNN should be Embarrassed!
- Like Link Flag
- O' Glorious Day! The Revolution is Televised!
- Oh how I luv it! Now MS virus attacks are now front and center,
not some nebulous debate in a nerdy forum.
If only FOX News had broadcast the issue live. With their larger
and much smarter audience (I mean that seriously, CNN is a
joke) Microsoft would never sell another copy of their crummy,
broken down OS.
O' Glorious Day!
- Like Reply Link Flag
- Congrats. to the moronic masses!
- I'd like to take this time to laugh at all those infected by the "W32.Zotob.D" virus... thats what you get for being morons, maybe you should update your software once in awhile.
Stop drooling and scratching your head, open up your eyes and learn about that which controls much of your life. Hopefully your raining ignorance does not destroy anything important in the mean time.
- Like Reply Link Flag
- Hey Tron, Lighten Up
- I luv these "PC experts" who rain down dripping sarcasim on the
"ignorant masses" because the lowly cattle are not smart to
manage their computer systems.
You know, many of these poor folks that you have such distain
for have jobs, families, you know, real lives. They don't have the
time to invest in PCs like lonely geeks do. Balding saps sitting
under a dim 40 watt bulb in your tattered underwear, playing
Doom all day long, and going through bags of Cheetos.
Did it ever occur to you that perhaps we should be feeling sorry
for you? Investing all your time and energy in a failed operating
system? Think different, Tron. Go outside and play. You're
looking awfully pale and the human race needs you.
- Like Link Flag
- Nice.
- Apparently you have no idea what it takes to roll out updates to a corporate network when there are legal and technological considerations that must be addressed.
Only an idiot would activate Automatic Updates, on a Windows machine, on a corporate network (unless the updates are being pulled from a company controlled, local Windows Update server [after an intense, possibly long, period of testing]).
Thanks for playing. Try again.
- Like Link Flag
- Even with a warning Sign on it, some would still buy Windows
- This is another one of the weekly, monthly, yearly, daily, hourly,
by the minute, reports about Windows with its high-tech
(insecure) bundling of Internet Explorer into the OS, and how it
has made eveyone pay for Microsofts greed. If they cant beat a
company like Netscape with good technology methods, then lets
screw our customers, since they dont know better anyway, and
mash the browser into the OS and let 'em fight for themselves. If
you keep buying into the next marketing ploy, or promise, of a
secure Microsoft system, you will keep fixing your PC jalopy,
while Bill Gates laughs all the way to the bank.
What can you do, you might ask? Perhaps buy a Mac, or build a
Linux PC, after all what is your time worth in life, if you can
avoid these constant (never ending) hassles with a troubled
Microsoft design that will keep milking you for life. With no end
in sight, get used to it, or get out of Windows. Now you know.
- Like Reply Link Flag
- Funny thing, if everyone ran UNIX/Linux
- Funny thing, if everyone ran UNIX/Linux, then the vitus writers would be attacking those machines. And if you don't think that UNIX/Linux has no security problems, then I guess your UNIX/Linux machine isn't patched. Even the noble MAC has security problems. It's just that it is too small of a market for the virus writers to attack.
- Like Link Flag
- There's an Idea!
- I like the idea of a warning sign on the packaging! "May cause total
loss of data."
- Like Link Flag
- Just update morons
- Of course they are going to be serious viru's when you have over %90 of the desktop market, everyone is targeting you with everything they have.
Microsoft needs to release a patch that turns on automatic updates permanently if it sees the computer hasnt been updated in over a month.
- Like Reply Link Flag
- Microsoft needs to release a patch
- This is exactly what MS needs to do for network enabled machines. If a machines patch level falls too far behind, disable it's ability to communicate on a network until the user commits too do the updates and then only allow a connection to Microsofts update service until it has been fully patched.
- Like Link Flag
- Ahghghghghghghghgh
- I can feel it entering my computer, one transistor at a time.... With my last strength, I enter in A-P-P-L-E into the IE address bar and hit CTRL-ENTER. Must-Buy-Mac-Before-Too-Late......
Ooops. Just remembered. I have a firewall. Back to work.
- Like Reply Link Flag
- CNN should be Embarrassed!
- I just watched a delayed broadcast that my TiVo recorded of the Live CNN report about the WORLDWIDE WORM INFECTION. CNN should be Embarrassed. Their IT people could have patched them last week. The funny thing and maybe not so funny is that they reported it as something big and the infection will only infect unpatched/unprotected Windows 2000 machines.
Again, CNN should be Embarrassed!
- Like Reply Link Flag
- Nice Try. A significant # of Businesses still using W2K
- You are in Windows denial. Simply read the article again.
" ...but Windows 2000 remains popular. The operating system
ran on ***48 percent*** of business PCs during the first quarter
of 2005, according to a recent study by AssetMetrix."
Also it was CNN, New York Times, and ABC network that are
mentioned in the articel alone. How many more do you think
there are? Hint: There are still millions of W2k machines out
there, and these are typically not upated vigorously.
CNN was reporting LIVE giving quotes from Microsoft
representatives who claimed it was "low level". Do you think
these companies and others think it was "low level"?? MS means
its "low market share" so they can tell them to screw. Air time
costs hundreds of thousands, if not millions per minute of
broadcast time.
- Like Reply Link Flag
- I Feel Bad for the Children and Eldery
- Just re-read the article again. How Gates and Balmer get any sleep
every night is beyond me. These "critical" situations are affecting
people's lives in dramatic ways... oh, wait...
Fortuantely, it mostly IT wonks and MS apologists that are staying
up late securing these OS dinosaurs. Serves 'em right.
- Like Reply Link Flag
- Totally incorrect
- I run a Window's network, I patched last week. I am now sitting comfortably at home, glass of wine in hand, wondering why others did not.
- Like Link Flag
- Yet another reason to Use Linux.
- Thanks Microsoft, You just showed the entire World, Yet another reason to Use Linux.
- Like Reply Link Flag
- Maybe things have changed
- It always amazes me that people that bash Microsoft and praise Linux have the time to read through Hardware compatibility lists to make sure they are going to be able to use their hardware, but turning on automatic updates or using a virus scanner is a hardship beyond bear.
Is there better hardware support then there was in these OSs then there used to be yet? Then they might be worth considering, but probably not since I still couldnt get half the apps I use to run on them.
- Like Link Flag
- Golly I love my Macs
- It's time like these that, well, no it's all the time. Yukkk on that
nasty windoze thang.
- Like Reply Link Flag
- Maybe....
- .... this is an MS idea to get people to upgrade to XP or ellse??????
Who knows????? ;-)
- Like Reply Link Flag
- Bingo
- That's exactly what I was thinking when the story came out. Somehow, I doubt Microsoft would be above it. They do have some very talented programmers up their sleeves, after all.
Have you ever read the book "Jennifer Government" by Max Berry? The book (it's fiction) touches on the extent of corporate espionage and it's quite cleverly written. Although, in the book, Nike kills a few people to increase the value of some shoes. While not DIRECTLY correlated (yet!), it has a similar feel to it.
- Like Link Flag
- Snicker, Giggle
- It amuses me that big media, the liberal bastions of "we're smarter
than you are", are being hit by this worm hard.
I guess I should serve them some humble pie. Perhaps their IT
groups could bring cutlery and juice.
- Like Reply Link Flag
- MicroLinux
- If only Microsoft would but a 1/10th of the money and energy they put toward Windows toward improving the user interface for Linux, their problems would be solved. A commercial version of Linux can work, and there will always be the free versions for us geeks.
As to the myth that the virus and worm writers target Windows because everyone uses it....thats BS! Viruses and worms are all about reputation in that world...no one gets paid to write a worm. The first person to write a sucessful Linux, Unix, or Mac virus would be famous. It has nothing to do with market share. If there was only one Ferrari in NYC, do you think it wouldn't get stolen because of market share? Viruses and worms don't exist for Linux, Unix, and Macs because they are all based on operating systems that were designed from the beginning not to allow them.
- Like Reply Link Flag
- Virus-free OS? How naive...
- Peter wrote:
"As to the myth that the virus and worm writers target Windows because everyone uses it....thats BS!"
"The first person to write a sucessful Linux, Unix, or Mac virus would be famous"...
"Viruses and worms don't exist for Linux, Unix, and Macs because they are all based on operating systems that were designed from the beginning not to allow them"...
Pardon me, but, using Peter's words, "thats BS!" - I mean, the myth that Linux, Unix, or Mac are inherently virus-free, and Windows is the sole vulnerable OS.
Here is just a couple of links for you - go and get some protection:
Virus protection for MAC OS:
http://www.symantec.com/nav/nav_mac/
... and for Linux:
http://www.centralcommand.com/linux_server.html
- Like Link Flag
- All this worm does is set up Win2K machines as spam bots, it doesn't shut down computers, it doesn't do anything except flood your net connection with outgoing spam.
Deleting one file in safe mode fixes the problem.
The so-called patch does nothing to stop this worm, the only protection is to
1/turn off port 445 to stop it spreading to other computers,
2/delete the mousemb.exe file from system32
3/remove the two reg edits it makes (although these appear to be harmless, in fact they might even make your computer more secure)
4/Anti-virus software - it's the only thing that can prevent re-infection, as I said, the M$ patch does nothing. Patched machines are just as likely to be infected as those not patched.
What happened here is that some "expert" advised a CNN "reporter" to watch for suspicious activity, such as your PC rebooting - probably because this "expert" remembers a worm from about two years ago that did this.
This turned into the "worm reboots computers" - which spread like wildfire across cable news channels (pretty much the same thing as your average tabloid paper, but on TV - think Fox News, MSNBC, CNN - all do nothing except commentate on life, making up hysterical BS to make it appear more interesting).
- Like Reply Link Flag
- how are you so sure on the symptoms?
- I just ask because my girlfriend shot me a page yesterday when this crap started saying everyone's work computer started rebooting randomly including hers, shortly after it was announced to the employees as being virus related. I'm in an XP enviroment so I haven't haven't seen any of the havock first hand. I just rely on what I read. If it matters she works for a large Gas utility company who's name I won't mention.
- Like Link Flag
- Name one..
- virus for and any *nix variant that has caused problems and spread itself.
just one, should be easy right?
otherwise don't spread your ignorance
- Like Reply Link Flag
- Like there is a point
- I played your game last time when you wanted the panel to...
"Name one 'innovation' in longhorn that doesn't already exist elsewhere"
http://news.cbsi.com/5208-1016-0.html?forumID=1&threadID=8183&messageID=57023&start=83
...and I gave two, yet you are still spouting the same anti-Microsoft garbage. You are not here to learn, you are here to lecture.
The fact is I have Win2K and broadband and I have not got this virus. Seems as overrated to me as UNIX virus, which do exist and you know it.
- Like Link Flag
- The Morris Worm
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morris_worm
The VERY FIRST worm. It was Unix based and spead from Unix system to Unix system causing a great deal of damage to the internet. In fact by percentages of internet systems infected, it was the most effective worm ever.
Don't make challenges based on your own ignorance.
- Like Link Flag
- Give a cyber terrorist a window of opportunity...Use Microsith!
- Have you ever noticed that when CNN shows the troops
capturing & dragging suspected terrorists from the caves, they
frequently find their MS Windows PC laptops & search for
terrorist activity on the hard drives? Coinsidence? Hugh amounts
of money & they use MS PC Windows laptops?
US DOJ had their chance & they agreed that Microsith is an illegal
monopoly, but refused to break the monopoly apart or control
their illegal activities worldwide. MS Monopoly money goes very
deep into the pockets of the U.S. Government in Washington
U.S. Gov't has suggested that MS should be considered for a
national ID card for all citizens & immigrants of the USA, as part
of their homeland security defense. Citizen Gates with the Dept.
of Homeland Security would "manage" all important data of all
U.S. Gov't has recently suggested that MS Internet Explorer be
the ONLY Internet Browser of the Government. MS-OS control
battleships & aircraft carrier computers.
But noooooooooo, the terriorist wouldn't think of taking
advantage of the structural weaknesses of the US-MS software
that is on the governments computers, the US military
computers, the US airports computers, the banking +
investment computers & the majority of the US citizens
computers. Why would they want to do that...?
These worldwide cyber attacks are not just some smart punk
kids having a laugh. These attacks are effecting millions of
businesses & costing them BILLIONS of dollars. These "phishing"
scams through IE Outlook are ripping off money from innocent
people & growing identity theft is a major problem.
Don't make it easy for criminals / terrorists by using faulty
software full of security holes that Citizen Gates can't plug fast
- Like Reply Link Flag
- Win2K patch doesn't work, XP and Server2003 patches do.
- The Win2K patch might work for one of the worms out there, but it doesn't stop the w32.esbot.a or any of it's variants.
Every Win2K PC we have has been infected, it wasn't until after we removed a certain file that even the anti-virus software would delete or quarantine any of the subsequent attacks.
Our WinXP and Server 2003 boxes have been completely unaffected by any of the worms - mostly because we have patch management software that can patch hundreds of networked computers instantly - without any kind of manual installation.
If we'd had to rely on automatic updates we'd have been screwed - because in a business environment you don't give normal users admin rights, therefore automatic updates won't work until an administrator logs on.
I don't know how any medium or large sized business can cope with keeping on top of patches without software that can remotely patch at least a 100 workstations at a time.
We don't even have to do a manual install of the patch management software (which the crap patch management packages force you to do on every workstation). All we have to do is scan for a new PC on any domain then apply the patches and remotely reboot it.
UpdateExpert has prevented every worm except w32.esbot from causing us any problems, and that only failed because there isn't a patch out there that prevents it from installing on Win2K PCs.
- Like Reply Link Flag
- Microsoft WGA = terrorist threat
- The real story here is that Microsoft's new WGA policy of BLOCKING critical security updates of computers that are not verified as "genuine windows".
By intentionally blocking these critical security updates, Microsoft is now openly supporting not only annoying hackers, but also the more serious cyber-terrorism threats.
Forget Iran or Korea, Microsoft now poses a more serious, immediate threat to this country's security...
- Like Reply Link Flag
- From the MSFT website
- Q:Do security updates require validation?
A: Security updates are not part of WGA. Security updates can be installed using the Windows XP Automatic Updates feature, or downloaded from the Download Center.
http://www.microsoft.com/genuine/downloads/FAQ.aspx?displaylang=en
Do your homework before you make ASSumptions and flame
MSFT has said all along the using the WGA is NOT a requriement to receive security updates, for the very reason you mention above. They would rather patch pirated versions than have them become infected.
- Like Link Flag
- How sad...
- It's no reason to be happy with Windows nor is it any reason to be happy with Linux or Mac. The point is, there are people who intends for this things to happen. I don't think Windows is the focus here. I agree with the article that the focus is statistics. Damage can be done and it so it is being done. Too bad, Windows is the easy target and the result can be great numbers.
- Like Reply Link Flag
- Does anybody else detect a distinctly-recognizable scent..?
- Microsoft seems to be walking a tight-rope between having enough security-problems to convince people to accept the Draconian-measures inherent in "Trusted Computing", ...and trying to avoid a level of anger, and distrust, that would finally convince general-consumers just how unqualified Microsoft is to be allowed to "...lead the industry".
Thats why I find this particular "Win2k security-incident" to be so amazing.
First, it only affected a "retired" OS.
Oh, ...if only Microsoft had been able to force people and companies, to upgrade to new Microsoft-products when Microsoft wanted them to.
And, a "patch" had just been released, but not installed by many.
Oh, ...if only Microsoft could "update", and "reconfigure" consumers-computers, whether they wanted it, or not.
Also, Microsoft had just "publicly released" information of the "security-flaws" existences.
Oh, ...if only Microsoft could keep "Product-Flaws" secret from the "...public".
And finally, because of this highly-publicized incident, ...there are now so many "pundits" who are "spontaneously" calling for, exactly those elements of "Trusted Computing" and "public-policy" that Microsoft most wants to implement (and BTW are slated to be installed in "Vista", ...formerly "Longhorn").
Oh, ...if only, virtually the entire computer-industrys consumer-base would just stop fighting Microsofts clearly self-interested control, and "lock-in" regimes, ...Microsoft could finally roll-out the core of "Trusted Computing" and make computers "safe".
Of course, some ARE pointing out that, basically, Microsoft had created this situation in the first place by creating yet another UNSTABLE, UNSAFE product and selling it to millions of unsuspecting-consumers.
But, I will admit that all of this is probably just another "conspiracy theory". After all, Microsoft HAS NEVER actually been caught employing "...less than ethical tactics". And Microsoft HAS NEVER stooped to "...media", and "...public, manipulation". And, Microsoft has certainly NEVER catalyzed or intentionally-manufactured news-events, favorable to Microsoft alone, solely to confuse "public-opinion", ...to move it towards a Microsoft-goal.
Besides, I REALLY DO believe that Microsoft REALLY IS THIS INCOMPETENT. And I REALLY DO also believe that, Microsoft-products REALLY ARE THAT BADLY-DESIGNED.
So, maybe, ...it really IS just an amazing series of coincidences.
- Like Reply Link Flag
- Well this is the big question,
- isn't it: Is it all just MS incompetence at work, or are the security
flaws on purpose.
Makes me wonder: What actually drives the MS apologists? Do
so many people really enjoy being abused, in that they are
forced to carry the entire burden of securing their OS, and
letting MS off the hook? Is it a case of group-sadomasochism?
- Like Link Flag
- What A SHAME
- Looks like they can't even figure out most of this is comming out of the USA not other places. Maybe they should concentrate more on the United States rather than trying to blame someone else. These people aren't from different countries - They ARE from here.. Wonder how I know that??? Well MIRC would tell you they are not as broken english as we think :P LMFAO LMFAO MS and the Government need to wake up and realize this stuff is happening from here and they are remotely exploiting european PC's to make it LOOK like it's comming from -- u guessed it.. Doesn't take a moron to realize this.
- Like Reply Link Flag
- Ignorance is Bliss?
- The ignorance exhibited by the CNN news team while 'breaking' the story made me ill. I cannot express more disrespect and illregard for CNN after this series of 'reporting'.
It started with one of their fools telling us to shut down our PC's and telling us to 'just let this pass'. Then the reporting turned into what one would coincide with a human virus outbreak. In my humble opinion anyone who doesn't upgrade and keep tabs on their infrastructure deserves the downtime. Organizations must realize the need for skilled in house technical specialists. It is most obvious that CNN, even as the conglomerate they are were unprepared. To me this shows a lack of resources or skill in the IT department. I suspect this is going to be a problem for many small business's and organizations as well.
It's ashame CNN didn't advise companies to ensure that there IT departments are doing their jobs!
- Like Reply Link Flag
- I run update on both servers and workstations, running win2k, win2k3 and winxp pro (My Dads and Sisters machines seem to be fine and they run home).
Just to be sure yesterday I ran a patch audit on each of my machines at home (we already do it here at work) and I came up with completely updated machines. (Custom app based on MS qchain system) Much like our machines here at work do. Now all of my machines here at work get updated via internal systems (Mostly MOM) as we are on a 150K+ machine network, but I have machines in the lab that use auto-update. Both systems seem to work fine.
However I will admit that a certain amount of machines don't get updated when we do pushes for a large number of reasons (They are off, crashed, in use, laptops, etc) but we know which machines they are and easily run the updates on them at a latter date. They run great.
Now that I know you are talking about push system instead of using auto-update (Wise for a large corperate network) I wonder what you are using and if maybe you just have the wrong solution for the job at hand. Regardless, if you can't get your updates to your machines on your own network where you control the PCs, servers, routers and switches and the application you us, I don't think it would matter what OS you where using, it's PEBCAK.
- Like Reply Link Flag


text:
I recently wrote up some articles on how one might use currying,
partial application and
function composition along with C# and delegates to produce the factorial
function from two
higher-order functions. The result of this labor is below.
That code is a truly magnificent beast. While it's academically interesting
to torture delegates like this, it isn't all that fruitful when the language
(i.e. C#, VB) doesn't really support these shenanigans. Try that in some
production code and see how quickly you lose your development job.
As an exercise, here's how I might build factorial using the same techniques
in F#:
The first thing I should point out is that no delegates
are used in this sample. F# natively supports functions as values so it's
unnecessary to create delegates for them (and no, it doesn't create delegates
under the covers). Secondly, functions are automatically curried in F#. You can
declare functions so that they aren't curried, but that's really only useful if
you're writing code that should be callable from other .NET languages. And
finally, F# provides an operator (>>) for function composition.
To be fair, I should point out that the above implementation is pretty naive.
It's not necessary to use function composition. This will suffice:
If compiled with fsc.exe, that code will print the following to the console:
That's great, but what if I try to calculate the factorial of 1000?
Hmmm... what's going on here? Well, it turns out that the F# compiler
inferred the type of "factorial" to be:
"int" maps to the standard .NET type, System.Int32, so this factorial
expects an Int32 and returns an Int32. However, Int32 isn't actually large
enough to hold the factorial of 1000. This is a job for F#'s "bigint" type. "bigint" maps to the
Microsoft.FSharp.Math.Types.BigInt type which can represent arbitrarily large
integer values. With a few minor modifications, the factorial function can use "bigint,"
and the factorial of 1000 can be
properly calculated.
Now, the F# compiler infers the type of "factorial" to be:
And what does that program print to the console?
One last point: writing factorial in F# is completely unnecessary. It already
Page rendered at Tuesday, July 07, 2015 4:08:28 PM (Pacific Standard Time, UTC-08:00)
If feel a bit behind and need to catch up on WPF, this is the book.
Great book on F# containing from Beginner to Advanced. It even has chapters on more arcane features of the language, such as Computation Expressions and Quotations.
Because this book provides source code in Standard ML, it's a fantastic
resource for learning F#. One bit of warning: this book does not teach classic
data structures. While structures such as binomial heaps and red-black trees
are presented, it is assumed that the reader already knows and understands
The opinions expressed herein are my own personal opinions and do not represent
my employer's view in any way.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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text:
Top Ten Companies Harnessing "The Wisdom Of The Clouds"
5- Amazon
was one of the first to sell cloud computing as a service. Smaller than
competitors, but its expertise in this area could give the retailer a
leg up in the next-generation of Web services from retail to media.
Amazon Web Services, a half-dozen services including the Elastic Compute Cloud, for computing capacity, and the Simple Storage Service, for on-demand storage capacity.
Amazon is one of the true innovators in Web-based computing, offering pay-as-you-go access to virtual servers and data storage space. In addition to these core offerings, Amazon offers the SimpleDB (a database Web service); the CloudFront (a Web service for content delivery); and the Simple Queue Service (a hosted service for storing messages as they travel between computers). By launching the Elastic Compute Cloud in 2006, well before most of its competitors, Amazon has become almost synonymous with "cloud computing."
6- Enomaly
Elastic Computing Platform (ECP)
is software that integrates enterprise data centers with commercial
cloud computing offerings, letting IT pros manage and govern both
internal and external resources from a single console, while making it
easy to move virtual machines from one data center to another.
Unlike the other nine other companies on this list, Enomaly doesn't offer services of its own over the Web. But its software could prove crucial as enterprises grapple with the problem of managing a wide array of computing resources that live both inside and outside the firewall. Intel has recognized Enomaly's promise,helping to finance the company's product development, which focuses heavily on managing the various hypervisors used both within enterprises and by cloud providers.
7- GoGrid
The GoGrid
platform offers Web-based storage and the ability to quickly deploy
Windows- and Linux-based virtual servers onto the cloud, with
preinstalled software including Apache, PHP, Microsoft SQL and MySQL.
GoGrid, one of Amazon's chief competitors in the cloud storage and compute markets, distinguishes itself from Amazon in a couple ways. GoGrid offers Windows Server 2008 instances (Amazon offers only Windows Server 2003) and 100% up-time service-level agreements (Amazon offers 99.95% for compute and 99.9% for storage).
by Anonymous
I mean bigger names NOT name. Sorry for the typo.


text:
cabin / twin rooms
Slightly quirky, yet highly desirable, our 14 cabin rooms are a modern take on the old-fashioned twin. Colourful decors enhance compact design-led facilities.
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- 26" flat screen Sony Bravia TV with Freeview
- floor to ceiling windows
- modern bunk beds with 12 tog duvets
- ensuite fully tiled wet rooms, with anti-steam mirrors


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Home / Store / Journals / Electronic Articles / Fusion Science and Technology / Volume 9 / Number 3
Geoffrey W. Shuy, Ali E. Dabiri, Husam Gurol
Fusion Science and Technology
Volume 9 / Number 3 / May 1986 / Pages 459-475
Format:electronic copy (download)
A system of neutron-lean tandem mirror satellite reactors using the deuterium-3He (D-3He) fuel cycle has been assessed. The 3He fuel is produced via a breeder reactor, also based on the tandem mirror reactor (TMR) concept. The TMR concept was selected because, for the satellite reactors, the fusion energy is mostly in charged-particle form, so efficient, direct energy conversion can be used. For the breeder, the TMR gives a higher maximum achievable support ratio than other concepts give. The optimum satellite operating temperature was found to be ∼75 keV. The safety and cost of the satellite/breeder system were assessed. The D-3He fuel cycle becomes particularly attractive if the deuterium-deuterium (D-D) reaction can be suppressed by nuclear spin polarization. For perfect D-D reaction suppression, this would allow immediate hands-on maintainability of reactor components and allow for reduction in the magnet dimensions, since the shield would no longer be required. For no D-D reaction suppression, ∼3% of the fusion power will be in neutrons. This will then require the use of ∼40-cm shielding, along with activation concerns. Hands-on maintenance f or the satellite reactor is possible even without D-D reaction suppression, if low-activation materials are used. The radioactivity level of the 3He breeder is comparable to that of a deuterium-tritium reactor. The cost of electricity for the system, including the fuel costs, is estimated f or this system.
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Anne Germanacos on The Diver's Clothes Lie Empty by Vendela Vida
July 3rd, 2015
"We are only as defensible as our evidence, and that evidence determines what stories we tell."Emily Levine
" I went to bed Wednesday night and dreamt about Charleston, and woke up Thursday morning before the sun thinking about what life we are living right now."DéLana R.A. Dameron
On Looking into Sherlock HolmesJune 30th, 2015
The Prophets Leave Hometown: Three Physicists Try PhilosophyJune 30th, 2015
Corporeal and Incorporeal MachinesJune 30th, 2015
Social Acceleration and the Need for SpeedJune 28th, 2015
An Illusion of Everything Making SenseJune 27th, 2015
Nina Simone in the New MillenniumJune 26th, 2015
Treasure Hunting: Maggie Mertens Interviews Huan HsuJune 26th, 2015
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John Berry leaves Office of Personnel Management
April 11, 2013
John Berry, generally cheerful and beaming, turns serious when protecting the honor of federal employees. His gestures become more pointed, his gaze sharpens, his smile disappears.
Berry, the director of the Office of Personnel Management, defended the workforce again as he prepared to leave his term-limited post Friday and await his reported (by The Washington Post's Al Kamen) nomination as ambassador to Australia.
In addition to a solid list of accomplishments, he has at least one big frustration.
His accomplishments include overhauling a long-broken federal hiring process, reinventing confusing government internship programs, cutting the time to do security-background investigations, boosting telework, instituting labor-management forums and increasing the hiring of disabled people and Hispanics.


text:
News - Reader comments
AT&T to offers exclusive Garnet Red Samsung Galaxy S III
12 July, 2012 | Read the news | Post your comment
AT&T gets another exclusivity deal, this time on the Galaxy S III. It will be the only carrier in the world (at least for now) to offer the Garnet Red version of the Samsung Galaxy S III smartphone. The Garnet Red edition will be available on pre-order from July 15 and it will hit the retail...
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Separate names with a comma.
Discussion in 'Fox WTB/Trade Cars & Parts' started by jarheadbwc, Oct 27, 2012.
I am looking for a brake/clutch pedal assembly for an 1988 mustang & looking for 87-93 gt tailights
Moved to WTB Forum
I need a email address from you for pictures-My brake support is from 84 mustang-does that make a difference? Which city and state goes with 40070?
79-93 are the same.....im in sulphur ky 40070......what are you asking for it
I will get a price to ship either thursday or friday --if after looking at pictures this is what you want-make an offer.
The telephone estimate for shipping is about $20--if you would decide to purchase-I would have to take to have box to get measured and weighed for more exact figure--about the price-I am wanting $100 for all parts pictured plus shipping--total would be about $120 with 1 to 2 days shipping time. This same part is listed on ebay for $100+--dont take my word for it--get on ebay and check it out.
can you hold them till next fri ????
Yes I can hold until next friday--If you want the clutch brake support with gas and dead pedals-I will take to get measured and weighed to get exact shipping costs-can you supply me with your street address-please-it may be needed for exact price.
3267 sulphur rd
sulphur ky 40070
thanks for holding them !!!
The price to ship the box by fed ex is $18--if you will send $2 additional for 2 trips to fed ex-that would make shipping price $20----if you find this acceptable along with the price--send a united states postal money order for $120 to mark kiser/1809 west wilno drive/marion, indiana 46952--if you can not send until the end of the week or sometime next week-that is fine---after i recieve money order and take to post office for clarification- i will take clutch piece to fed ex for shipping as soon as i can--thank you.
I am checking to see- were you still interested in the clutch brake support you inquired about and asked me if I would hold for you?
You'll need an '87-'93 pedal set if you want to keep the neutral safety switch and cruise control options ; early Fox-body pedals had no such provision. I have the tailights and complete '87-'93 Mustang T-5 pedal assembly for sale if still needed.


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The Second World War - by Sir Winston Churchill
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The Second World War - by Sir Winston Churchill (Size: 2.43 GB)
Churchill\'s history of the Second World War is, and will remain, the definitive work. Lucid, dramatic, remarkable for its breadth and sweep and for its sense of personal involvement, it is universally acknowledged as a magnificent reconstruction.
this abridgement of his original 6 volume memoirs is 1088 pages
this recording narrated by Christian Rodska
approx 45 hours running time
broken into 4 parts:
1 Milestones to Disaster
2 Alone
3 The Grand Alliance
4 Triumph and Tragedy
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4: Mercer is a top ten college
Education wise, Mercer is up there.
The private education provided at Mercer is the purview of some 8,300 students each year.
One of the colleges biggest draws is it's reputation in law with it's very prestigious Walter F. George school of law which opened way back in 1873.
As such, it has seen its fair share of judges across the land and politicians.
They've produced over thirty congressmen, governors and US ambassadors in their time, including the current governor of Georgia.
They also have the honour of producing not only the first african-american judge to sit in a Georgia court but also the first african-american woman as well.


text:
JEFF PRESTRIDGE: YBS rewards loyal savers and children to inflict savings pain with sensitivity
Loyalty: Yorkshire Building Society has protected existing customers by applying the biggest cuts to new customers
Yorkshire Building Society has become the latest institution to shave its savings rates.
From next month returns will be cut by an average 0.43 of a percentage point on accounts for brands under the Yorkshire umbrella – Chelsea, Norwich & Peterborough and Barnsley.
Though the cuts will disappoint many of Yorkshire's 3.3 million savers, the society has tried to spread the pain. So accounts with rates below 1.65 per cent escape the cull as do those targeted at children or regular savers.
It has also protected existing customers by applying the biggest cuts to new customers. So, for example, while those in the popular Triple Access account will see their rate shaved from two per cent to 1.9 per cent, new applicants after March 4 will come in on 1.65 per cent.
Loyalty is being rewarded, which is good to see given most financial institutions annoyingly reserve their best deals for new customers. In another show of sensitivity – a word rarely used when writing about the behaviour of financial institutions – Yorkshire is allowing customers disgruntled by the cuts until the end of April to withdraw funds and/or close their account without giving notice or loss of interest.
With rates being clipped by many banks and building societies, all deposit savers (not just Yorkshire's) would be wise to check whether they can earn a better return by switching. Websites SavingsChampion and Moneyfacts can help in this process.
You can also check the latest best-buy savings rates in This is Money's independent savings tables.
Cash savers disappointed with the ever-reducing interest from their deposits may be tempted by the latest retail bond, from buy-to-let lender Paragon, a member of the FTSE 250 index with a market value of about £1 billion.
Paragon is paying six per cent until December 2020, with income payments every six months. This is attractive against returns from both deposits and gilts. It is slightly more than the last retail bond from North Sea oil producer Enquest (also a FTSE 250 member) which offered 5.5 per cent, though its bond matures later, in February 2022.
Minimum initial investment in the Paragon bond (made via a stockbroker) is £2,000 and it can be held in an Isa.
This bond is bound to be snapped up before the initial offer period expires on February 26. But buyers must go in with their eyes wide open. On the plus side, Paragon has a stable management team under Nigel Terrington who, like finance director Nicholas Keen, has been on the board since 1995.
The duo have endured booms and busts together, guiding Paragon through a challenging time in 2007 when the financial crisis nearly brought the company to its knees. But it is now in good health and back lending in a booming buy-to-let market.
Paragon hopes to make £300 million of loans this year compared with £185 million last year. Given the bond's income payments are essentially dependent on Paragon avoiding a corporate calamity between now and the end of 2020, Terrington's upbeat prognosis on Paragon's financial health is reassuring.
Yet there is a minus side. However unlikely it might now appear, Paragon could collapse and if that happened no Financial Services Compensation Scheme would come riding to the rescue – bondholders' capital would be lost.
Also, six per cent may look appealing now, but if rates start going up and inflation remains largely untamed (Bank of England Governor Sir Mervyn King admitted as much last week), it will lose a lot of its lustre. As part of a diversified investment portfolio, the Paragon retail bond has a small role to play. But most investors would be better off with a broadly invested collective fund such as Kames Strategic Bond, Fidelity Strategic Bond or Henderson Strategic Bond.
Personal finance education - teachers need help and funding
The announcement that financial education would become part of the National Curriculum from September 2014 is great news.
But it will count for nothing if sufficient resources are not provided to ensure teachers are trained to deliver that education.
The Personal Finance Education Group (Pfeg) is doing a great job training teachers in money matters despite losing all its state funding in 2010. But the charity can't do it all on its own. It needs support. Either the Department for Education should help out or the Money Advice Service could divert a slice of its huge funding to help Pfeg.
After all, it would be hugely embarrassing if, come 2014, we don't have sufficient trained teachers to deliver the education the National Curriculum demands and youngsters deserve.
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China prepares for 'severe, long-lasting drought'BEIJING — Chinese officials said Wednesday they were preparing for a severe, long-lasting drought in several parched provinces, causing wheat prices to spike on the prospect of the world's largest consumer putting pressure on a global supply that's already squeezed.
By: Cara Anna, Associated Press
BEIJING — Chinese officials said Wednesday they were preparing for a severe, long-lasting drought in several parched provinces, causing wheat prices to spike on the prospect of the world's largest consumer putting pressure on a global supply that's already squeezed.
Premier Wen Jiabao led a State Council meeting Wednesday on increasing grain production in the country that's both the world's largest wheat grower and largely self-sufficient in supply.
The U.N.'s food agency has warned that the monthslong drought is driving up the country's wheat prices, and now the focus is on whether China will buy more from the global market, where prices have already risen about 35 percent since mid-November.
The rising prices add to growing concerns in China about inflation, which the government sees as a potential source of social unrest. Average flour prices rose more than 8 percent in January from the previous two months.
Wheat futures were up Wednesday at both the Chicago Board of Trade and the Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange in China, where prices for September delivery hit a new high. They were at 3,051 yuan ($463) a ton Wednesday night.
State television broadcast images Wednesday of withered crops in cracked earth. State media have said the eastern province of Shandong faces its worst drought in 200 years and that the other affected provinces across the country's north and east are facing their worst in 60 years. Shortages of drinking water have affected 2.6 million people.
China's national weather bureau forecasts little if any rain for the Shandong region through Feb. 17.
"What we are doing now is making full preparations to deal with a severe, long-lasting drought," said the director of emergency relief at Shandong's weather bureau. Like many Chinese officials, he would not give his name.
China has said the drought is mainly affecting Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan, Hebei and Shanxi, which grow more than two-thirds of the country's wheat.
China's winter wheat is harvested in June, and Tuesday's alert by the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization said the situation could become critical if a spring drought follows the winter drought or if temperatures plunge this month.
"At the moment, we're not projecting China to be a significant importer in the current year," said Amy Reynolds, senior economist with the London-based International Grains Council.
She did point out that global wheat stocks are tight, and it's very difficult to tell how much wheat China has stockpiled.
Analyst Ma Wenfeng with Beijing Orient Agribusiness Consultant Ltd. said China's state wheat reserves were 53 million tons at the end of 2010, but private reserves by companies and others could add up to another 30 million tons.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture on Wednesday made no changes to its numbers on China as it released its monthly estimates of global supply and demand, continuing to put China's wheat reserves at 54 million tons and predict 1 million tons of imports.
Both Reynolds and Ma see China importing 2 million to 3 million tons of wheat this year under current conditions, not much above the country's usual import level.
Looking to imports to help fight China's drought-fed inflation may not work, Carl Weinberg, chief economist for New York-based High Frequency Economics, wrote in a report.
Grain crops in other major producer nations such as the United States and Australia have been reduced by bad weather and natural disasters. Meanwhile, wheat prices shot up in the last few months after Russia imposed a wheat export ban and Ukraine, another major grain exporter, imposed quotas on exports because of drought.
"Importing grains at lower prices than domestic prices may not be possible, if imports are available at all," Weinberg said in the report, released Wednesday.
The State Council, or China's Cabinet, on Wednesday said the government will increase minimum purchase prices for grain by up to 21 percent more than last year to encourage production, and it will allocate 1.2 billion yuan ($182 million) for drought-fighting technologies in the stricken region.
In Beijing, consumers already grumpy about the country's rising inflation were returning from the weeklong Lunar New Year holiday to find nothing had improved.
"I normally don't spend so much money for food during the holiday," shopper Zhou Yuanji said. "I really feel the pressure this year. Everything is getting so expensive."
Associated Press researchers Yu Bing and Zhao Liang contributed to this report.
Tags: crops, wheat, weather, china, agriculture, farm


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Mighty Quinn's pitmaster, Hugh Mangum, has a few rules for owning the grill this Fourth of July.» Read More
Whole Foods apologized after an investigation in New York City claimed the grocery chain overcharges for prepackaged food, USAT reports.
Brazilian meat producer JBS will buy the U.S. pork division of agribusiness giant Cargill for $1.45 billion.
A controversial "beach body ready" advert has been deemed inoffensive by the British advertising watchdog, despite hundreds of complaints.
McDonald's customer satisfaction ratings are getting worse, and it's dragging the rest of the fast food industry down with it.
Chicago-area craft brewer, 5 Rabbit Brewer is the latest business to tell Donald Trump he's fired.
Chick-fil-A has received backlash over the years, but the restaurant seems to have it all together when it comes to customer satisfaction.
The leadership of Kraft Heinz will be dominated with Kraft Foods Group, both companies said.
ConAgra Foods said it would exit its struggling private label foods business and reported a 3.7 percent rise in quarterly sales.
Coalo Valley Farms, California's first edible cricket farm, missed its goal this month to raise money on Kickstarter.
Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. is putting a little more German influence into its seasonal Oktoberfest brew.
Don't freak out: this burger chain meant to add crickets to the menu.
A new study may have important ramifications for beach season: just because a food promotes fitness does not make it good for the waistline.
A year after opening a second brewery in Chicago, the head of Lagunitas Brewing revealed he plans to open a third brewery in Southern California.
As consumer trends have shifted, Nestle's Paul Bulcke said the company plans to win them back with a simple plan.
Beefier is better. Or at least that is fast food giant McDonald's bet as it tries to increase burger sales.
Beck's Beer maker Anheuser-Busch InBev has agreed to settle a class action case and is offering refunds to drinkers.
Jesse Schenker tells the story of how he hit bottom, served jail time and became a successful New York chef and restaurant owner.
As McDonald's fights to turn around its business, one metric is showing signs of improvement.
Data from NPD Group show how iOS users are 50 percent more likely than Android users to go for liquid lunches.
The chain wants to sell all 413 of its locations in Taiwan to a franchise operator.
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The list of academic options at Oakland University is constantly
growing. OU currently offers more than 120 undergraduate degrees
and more than 120 graduate and certificate options. Students have
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Check out Oakland University's admissions sites for application
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your education. Sign up to visit OU for a campus tour or admissions
event geared toward you. Apply online today at oakland.edu/apply —
it's free!
From important registration reminders to daily events, stay focused on the
finish line while getting the most out of your educational experience.
More than 200 active student organizations take learning to a new level,
while student service offices are here to help you succeed.
Over 100,000 alumni proudly call OU their alma mater. Upon graduation, you will
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Department of Music, Theatre and Dance207 Varner 2200 N. Squirrel RoadRochester, MI 48309-4401 (map)(248) 370-2030 fax: (248) email@example.com
Concert I
Sunday, October 5, 2014 at 3 p.m.
The 2014-2015 Oakland Symphony Orchestra season begins with an exciting program featuring guest soloist and Detroit Symphony Orchestra member, Sharon Sparrow, who will perform the Renaissance Concerto for Flute and Orchestra by Lukas Foss. Professor Sparrow currently serves as DSO artist affiliate faculty at Oakland University, and is internationally acclaimed for her artistry as a solo, chamber and orchestral performer. Other works for the program include Carnival Overture, op. 92 by Antonín Dvořák; and Symphonie fantastique, op. 14 by Hector Berlioz.
Gregory Cunningham, conductor.
$20 general, $10 students Purchase Tickets
Varner Recital Hall
Concert II
Sunday, November 16, 2014 at 3 p.m.
The Oakland Symphony Orchestra will offer a program featuring the Michigan premiere of the evocative Through Time and Place (2010) by Dr. James Lentini, Oakland University's recently appointed Provost, Professor of Music and Senior Vice President of Academic Affairs. The dramatic Overture to Egmont by Ludwig van Beethoven; and monumental Symphony No. 1 in c minor, op. 68 by Johannes Brahms complete a program that is sure to delight both regular and first-time concert-goers alike.
Gregory Cunningham, conductor.
$20 general, $10 students Purchase Tickets
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text:
One would often confuse the term "kawaii" with "moe". When you translate the words, they both could mean "cute" in some sort of way. But aren't all cutesy shows moe by definition? This question would be very hard to solve, if it wasn't for Usagi Drop as there is not a single trace of moe in this show.
Usagi Drop is basically the epitome of "kawaii".
The trailer reveals a story about a relatively young adult who just finds out about an extramarital of his recently deceased grandfather. Nobody knew of this matter before the funeral – and as expected, no one in the family wants to be the guardian of this inappropriate love child. When the arguing reached its climax, Kawachi Daikichi took responsibility as a real adult and stopped the nonsensical argument. A child shouldn't suffer from an adult's unflattering problems. And from that day on, Kaga Rin lived together with Daikichi under the same roof.
That alone was enough to captivate us to a level of must-watch.
Usagi Drop is about our daily lives, put into a perspective of father and daughter relationship. Life consists of joys and tears, and as you grow up, you learn to appreciate the good sides and deal with the down sides. As a guardian, you walk the same path, because it's your duty to make sure a child grows up into a splendid person. This path is being pursued by Rin and Daikichi. Rin learns to grow as a person, and ironically, Daikichi also learns a thing or two from someone much younger – he learns how sacrifice is insignificant in love.
In a show about love and fatherhood, it's very important to match the art accordingly. I have to say that it's been achieved in some sort of way, but sometimes only the bare minimum. For example, every time before the opening theme starts, there's always a sequence colored carefully with water color. But after the theme ends, it returns to the traditionally digital colored animation. It's disappointing, because these water colored scenes are always beautiful and animated with care.
Could it be an analogy to the perspective of a child and the difference between the adult world? Whatever it is, it sure left us in disappointment, especially because the overall animation is quite static. However in the scene which does involve movements, it should be noted that children move like they should be – lively, small and somewhat fragile. When Rin jumps the ropes, her hair flutters in a charming fashion. And when kids run, it gives the impression that they're unbalanced, as if they just learned how to walk – in stark contrast to adults who walk very naturally and stiff.
These additions absolutely worked and only enforces our disappointment – it's not like quality couldn't be achieved, it's more like a restraint due to time and financial reasons. It's clear that the studio is testing the water to see if there's a market for this kind of anime. Hopefully the feedback is positive, so production can be resumed.
Another thing that hit the spot is the use of genuine young voice actors. Usually, children are irrelevant or a subject of lust in other shows. That's why adult voice actors would habitually play the role of young characters. In this case, it's very vital to have Rin sound as a real adorable child, and not just some random fetish object. The result is very noticeable and truly earned our deepest respect. It should become a more frequent phenomena.
Usagi Drop is a very soothing anime. Nothing really dramatic happens, and that's exactly what the writer wanted. It's about us, people living a normal life. We, the people who have been and still are loved by our parents. It's a show about us, who might become a parent, or in fact is one. Sometimes, external causes remind us who we are. In this case, it's Usagi Drop – and what did it remind us of? That even though our daily lives are not particularly special, every single moment should be treasured. Be it good or bad, it's a process of growing up.
A solid 85/100 for numerically inclined otaku.


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Portal hypertension is high blood pressure in the veins that filter
blood from the intestines through the liver (portal system of the liver). It
may cause complications such as fluid buildup in the abdominal cavity (ascites)
or enlarged veins (varices) in the esophagus or stomach.
Cirrhosis is a process that destroys the liver. In the United States, cirrhosis is the most common
cause of portal hypertension. Normally, blood from the
spleen and intestines is filtered through the liver by way of the portal vein.
But when the buildup of scar tissue caused by cirrhosis reduces the flow
of blood through the liver, pressure may build up in the portal vein. This causes
portal hypertension.
Portal hypertension is different from the high blood pressure
(systemic hypertension) that many people develop as they get older.
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Faculty Services
Librarian Responsibilities
Pat Newcombe
Pat has overall responsibility for the Law Library, and directs planning and implementation of programs and services to assure that the Law Library serves the needs of the School of Law community. Support of scholarship and teaching are primary missions. Pat is also responsible for the day-to-day operations of the Law Library. She oversees library functions, including Access Services, Research Services, Technical Services, and Cataloging operations. Pat is heavily involved in the provision of faculty services and collection development, and participates in the development of the Law Library's webpage. She produces the Library Guide.
Access Services
Nicole Belbin
Nicole is responsible for the daily administration of the Access Services Department. She administers and supervises circulation and collection services and has overall management responsibilities for the student staff. Nicole is also responsible for administering the online circulation system and editing the Law Library's Student Staff Handbook.
Research Services
Renee Rastorfer
Renee is responsible for the daily administration of the Research Services Department. She administers and participates in reference and informational services to faculty, the local bar and bench, and the public. Renee instructs students and faculty in the use of LexisNexis and Westlaw and the other databases to which the Library subscribes, co-edits CyberCites, prepares law displays on a regular basis, and speaks to interested groups on the effective use of the Library.
Technical Services
Nicole Belbin
Nicole administers the acquisitions, serials, and cataloging operations in the Library, including acquiring all materials needed by the Library. She is in charge of the Library's accounting records, supervises the bookkeeping functions, and monitors the budget. Nicole is the systems administrator for the Law and D'Amour libraries' shared Innovative Interfaces, Inc. ("III") computer library system.
Open Position/Cataloging and Metadata Librarian
This individual coordinates all of the Library's cataloging, reclassifying, and government documents processes. He/she is responsible for the preparation of bibliographic records that will become entries in the online catalog, for the logical arrangement of materials in the Library collection, for the federal government documents collection, and for maintaining collection statistics. The Cataloging and Metadata Librarian is the overall supervisor of student employees in the technical processing of acquisitions and participates in the development of the Law Library's webpage.
Alerting Services
The Library provides alerting services designed to inform patrons of the availability of new publications. If you have any questions about these services, call Pat Newcombe at extension 1616.
Circulation Services
Any item, excluding materials from the Reference collection or Index Table, may be checked out by a full-time faculty member. Circulation policies are liberal in recognition of the research and course preparation requirements of faculty. However, it is essential that check out procedures be followed. If you want to check out material from the Library, come to Circulation with the material you wish to check out. Your ID with your patron barcode is kept at Circulation. Once the material has been checked out and desensitized, you can exit the building without activating the security system. Please follow the proper check-out procedure as any deviation encourages other users to attempt to circumvent the system.
Please check out all materials you borrow from the Library if you intend to keep them overnight, even if the material is being kept in the building. You are encouraged to return materials as soon as you are finished using them, so that others may have access to them, and no later than the end of a semester. All Library materials checked out to you are subject to recall when other patrons require them. If one of your colleagues borrows materials from you, which are checked out in your name, please notify the Head of Access Services so the records may be changed. Research assistants may check out otherwise non-circulating materials in connection with faculty research work for a period of three days.
An inventory of faculty offices is conducted annually by Library staff during the summer. Staff will renew all library items found in faculty offices. After follow-up with faculty members, any item listed as being checked out but not found in faculty offices, will be sent to the Dean for reimbursement after the library stacks have been checked for each item. Faculty will receive a minimum of one week notice before commencement of the inventory.
Circulation Express is designed to support the research and curricular needs of the law faculty. If you would like material from either our collection or from D'Amour, the University's undergraduate library, please complete this Circulation Express Request Form. You may also fill out a Circulation Express print form located in the faculty assistants' offices. Your requested material will be retrieved from either library within 24-48 hours, checked out in your name, and delivered directly to your office. All library material, including D'Amour's, should be returned to the Law Library bookdrop at Circulation. Please note that the law and undergraduate libraries have different loan rules based on the nature of their collections, and therefore have different due dates. All material must be returned by the due date noted on each item. Contact the Head of Access Services at extension 1484 if you have any questions.
Consortia and Access to Other Libraries
Cooperating Libraries of Greater Springfield (CLGS)
The Library is affiliated via consortium with all other academic libraries in the Greater Springfield area to provide complete research services to our Library community. Your WNEC ID will enable you to use the facilities of, and check out materials from, any of these libraries. The CLGS colleges are: American International College; Bay Path College; Elms College; Holyoke Community College; Springfield College; Springfield Technical Community College; Western New England University (D'Amour); and Westfield State University.
The Library is a member of NELLCO, a consortium of academic, private, and government law libraries. Through this membership, the Librarians may be able to obtain from one of these libraries, on interlibrary loan, materials that are not available in our Library. As a member of NELLCO, we cooperate in joint purchases of databases that provide useful resources. A NELLCO catalog allows for searching member libraries' collections.
Digital Commons
The Library maintains our institutional repository, Digital Commons, designed to capture the research and scholarly output of the School of Law. Contact Pat Newcombe at extension 1616 regarding submissions.
Exams Online
All faculty should contact the Head of Access Services if they choose not to make their exam questions and answers available online. Otherwise, if the Library receives print questions from the Student Records Office, we will automatically add the exam questions to E-Reserves. Any exam answers dropped off by faculty or faculty assistants at Circulation will automatically be added to E-Reserves. The exception is multiple choice portions of exams, which are never made available to students, either in print or on E-Reserves.
In-Class Research Presentations
The Librarians will be glad to come to your class and speak to your students about legal research topics. Contact Pat Newcombe at extension 1616 with requests.
Interlibrary Loan
If you require material that is not available in the Library, contact Renee Rastorfer at extension 1459. Turnaround time for an interlibrary loan can be as little as one week or as long as three weeks. Because it is difficult to predict the time, allow as much lead time as possible when using this service. Faculty may complete an Interlibrary Loan (ILL) Form, available at the Circulation and Reference Desks, or use the following online links. To request a book, please complete this Interlibrary Loan Book Request Form. To request a copy of an article, please complete this Interlibrary Loan Article Request Form. Materials borrowed from other libraries should be returned by the due date, or immediately upon request, to avoid charges from the lending libraries and to maintain good cooperative relations with them.
Legal Scholarship Network
Legal Scholarship Network (LSN) distributes scholarly information related to law. LSN is a division of Social Science Research Network (SSRN), which also sponsors the Accounting Research Network (ARN), the Economics Research Network (ERN), the Financial Economics Network (FEN) and the Management Research Network (MRN). LSN encourages the early distribution of research results by publishing submitted abstracts and by soliciting abstracts of top quality research papers around the world. Full-text working papers and scholarly article drafts are also accepted for publication. Subscribers to LSN receive email alerts when papers are distributed through LSN. Professional Announcements, published weekly, are also provided; these include announcements such as important professional meetings, calls for papers and special issues of journals. SSRN encourages readers to communicate directly with other members of the SSRN Community concerning their own and other's research. To help facilitate this interchange, it publishes contact information for the author(s) of each research paper. This alerting service is available to Law School faculty. The Law Library will add individual faculty members to the site license as requested; users will then receive a welcome email from LSN with journal signup instructions.
Library Liaison Service
This is a service the Librarians provide to faculty to help advance both research and teaching goals. Librarians notify faculty of acquisitions, articles, publications, conferences, and websites in their subject area. At the beginning of each academic year, faculty members are asked about special law-related interests they may have. Thereafter, they will be notified by their Library liaison of information in which they have expressed an interest, as well as any publication in their subject area that might be of interest to them. Librarians will help set up TWEN pages or Lexis Web Courses, design LibGuides for courses, prepare in class tutorials, among other services. Please contact Pat Newcombe at extension 1616 with any questions or "alerting" needs.
Requests For New Materials
Since the Library acquires materials in many subject areas, faculty members are encouraged to evaluate the Library's holdings in the areas of their expertise and to make recommendations for improvement. You may be asked, from time to time, whether a particular item should be acquired. Such evaluations help us to develop the collection to meet faculty and research needs. The Library will attempt to comply with any reasonable requests for new acquisitions. If it is an item that is important to your own research but would not be worth the expenditure to add to the Library collection, acquiring the item through interlibrary loan is an option you might want to consider. Requests to purchase materials should be directed to Pat Newcombe at extension 1616. If an item has to be ordered, please allow at least six weeks for receipt. You will be notified upon its arrival.
Research Services
The Librarians will provide answers to any reference questions faculty members may have. Feel free to contact us when you need assistance or fill out a Reference Request Form, available at the Library's homepage and the Reference Desk.
The Research Librarians are happy to assist faculty in their research projects. This may involve locating law review articles, web resources, books, statistics, etc. The Library has access to various indices to legal periodical literature and to OCLC, which allows us to search through over 50 million bibliographic records and locate specific titles, or books by a particular author or on a particular subject. Our access to OCLC allows us to locate libraries that will then lend the requested publications.
The Research Librarians can work with you at the beginning of your project when you may be first trying to determine the extent of the published research with a particular focus. We can do a literature search to determine "what is already out there." If or when your topic becomes more refined, we can assist you in tracking down relevant data and sources.
The Research Services Department offers special research instruction sessions for faculty research assistants. After a Librarian has a meeting with a faculty member, a Research Librarian will design a course of instruction suited to the faculty member's research requirements and the skills and experience of the research assistant. Specialized instruction saves research assistants' time and ensures that faculty members receive thorough bibliographic research. Contact Renee Rastorfer at extension 1459 to request research assistant instruction.
Reserve Materials
Materials for Reserve should conform to the University's Policy for Copyright Compliance
Heavily-used items are placed on Reserve to prevent loss, theft, and mutilation. Also, the Reserve Collection provides ready access to assigned readings.
Please indicate, preferably on a Reserve Request Form, the title of the book or periodical or the number of copies of photocopied materials, the course name, and the length of time you wish the materials to remain on Reserve. Reserve Request Forms are available in each faculty assistant's office and at Circulation.
Materials are kept on Reserve only for the time indicated on the Reserve Request Form. The materials placed on Reserve will be shown in the Course Reserve List available through the catalog.
You are encouraged to submit a copy of your syllabus to the Head of Access Services or to inform her of research topics and due dates for class papers, so that appropriate volumes, which tend to disappear when many students are working on a paper, may be placed on Reserve.
Routing of Library Materials
Periodicals and looseleaf supplements received by the Library will be routed to faculty members, if feasible. Place your request to have an item routed to you with Pat Newcombe at extension 1616. Items are routed for a period between one to four days, depending on the use they receive.
Please do not pass routed materials on to other faculty members, but return them to the designated return point in the faculty assistant's office on your floor. A runner will deliver and pick up materials.


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Mendefera — The Cooperative Dairy Farmers' Associations in the Southern region indicated that it is striving to raise output through enhancing organizational efficiency. It made the statement at a meeting during which it was stated that the Associations have jointly managed to ensure a surplus milk production, thus supplying remarkable quantity to the Central region.
Mr. Niguse Haile, Chairman of the Cooperative Associations, disclosed that it has planted milk packing and animal feed factories in Mendefera and Dekemhare, and that the members own a total of 11,000 cattle, yielding more than 16 million liters of milk annually. He further indicated that members of the Associations are selling their products on the basis of 8 retail outlets in Mendefera, Segeneiti, Debarwa, Adi-Quala and Dekemhare respectively, besides their green feed harvest from more than 253 hectares.
Mr. Bahta Tedros, head of the Agriculture Ministry's branch in the region, said that dairy Associations in the region are playing exemplary role, and that the increasing number of new buffalo and other breeds attests to this.
In closing remarks, Mr. Tesfatsion Girmai, the region's head of economic development, called on the Associations to keep intact their comparative advantages and put up more efforts to attain higher level of production.


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Because of risks to people with cystic fibrosis, individuals with a confirmed positive sputum culture for Burkholderia cepacia complex shall not attend this event. This is because B. cepacia can be passed between individuals who have CF through close proximity. B. cepacia infection in a person with CF can cause serious respiratory illness and, in some patients, may lead to death.
Despite this policy, there might still be some individuals with B. cepacia in attendance. B. cepacia is not a risk for otherwise healthy individuals. Learn more about alternative ways in which a person with B. cepacia can participate, or call the CF Foundation at (800) FIGHT-CF. Consult your CF care center physician with medical questions.
Important note on attendance for people with CF and their families:
The health and well-being of people with cystic fibrosis is our top priority. Medical evidence shows that certain bacteria can be passed between individuals who have CF and can lead to worse symptoms and speed decline in lung function. To limit the serious risk of cross-infection between people with CF, only one person with CF may be invited to attend the indoor portion of each CF Foundation-sponsored event. For the outdoor portion of the event, people with CF should maintain a distance of at least 6 feet from each other.
Please note: People with CF and their families should be aware that individuals with CF might choose to attend Foundation events or meetings without notifying event organizers. We strongly discourage this; however, we cannot guarantee that only one person with CF will be present at any indoor Foundation event. For more information, please call your local chapter.
Title Sponsor


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The following is an archive of a post made to our
'vox mailing list'
by one of its subscribers.
California Holds Hearing on Open Source Software in Election Systems
Government Technology Magazine
Feb 08, 2006 By Wayne Hanson
Senator Debra Bowen (D-Redondo Beach, Calif.), chairwoman of the
Senate Elections, Reapportionment & Constitutional Amendments
Committee, and a candidate for California Secretary of State,
conducted a hearing today to look at how private companies, as well as
state and federal agencies, have begun using "open source software"
and where it can or should be used in California's electoral system.
Hearing testimony dove quickly into very technical points around
source code, object code, public licenses of various types, and
business models around "free" open source software. Bowen, who has
some technology credibility herself, asked questions to help clarify
points for listeners, but on top of the complexities of voting
systems, the technical merits of open source code, business models and
bug fixes may have been daunting for all but the most technical in the
etc... Enjoy!
-bill! Tux Paint 2006 wall calendar,
email@example.com CDROM, bumper sticker & apparel
http://www.newbreedsoftware.com/ http://www.cafepress.com/newbreedsw
vox mailing list
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Sunset Systems offers preconfigured Linux
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LUGOD: Linux Users' Group of Davis
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Contact Us
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and serving the Sacramento area.
"Linux" is a trademark of Linus Torvalds.


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November 12 2012
Practical Advice For Carers Of Misbehaved Kids
If you want to practice positive parenting, there are a lot of ways to do so. This parenting approach is primarily focused on positive behavior in children rather than negative behavior. Don't think, however, that you have to be overly permissive if you are to be a positive parent. Parents need to set certain limits for their children. Not only will these limits serve to keep children safe, they'll help kids distinguish acceptable behavior from unacceptable behavior. You'll have more success steering your children toward the right direction if you put more emphasis on positive behavior. Today, we'll discuss some of the basic principles for becoming a positive parent. To get started on positive parenting, you'll need to be a good role model for your children. It's very difficult to teach your kids to behave in a certain way while you are doing the opposite. So if you don't want your children to use swear words, make sure they don't hear you using those words yourself. Basics values such as respect, politeness, and honesty should be developed in children and this is where parents must set a good example. You can't expect your children to learn these values if they don't see you practicing these values. As much as possible, you want to be consistent when it comes to the rules and boundaries you set for your children. Obviously some rules are going to change as children get older. Your approach on certain things will need to be adjusted from time to time so you have to be flexible. Generally, however, you must be consistent when it comes to rules and boundaries you've set for your kids. One other crucial thing is that you and your spouse must be on the same page concerning the rules. If both of you give the wrong signals, your children will only become confused. Do your kids have babysitters or do they have other adults like relatives involved in their lives? If so, you must make sure that they remain consistent with the rules and limits you've set for your children. If you want to hear an interesting new post, then visit this post now: child behavior chart . If you want to practice positive parenting, one of the things you need to do is spend time with your children. It's crucial that parents make time for their children no matter how busy they are. Daily interaction with your children is important if you want to form a strong bond with them. Make time to watch your children participate in school plays or athletic events. Very often, behavior problems occur when children feel neglected and need attention. No matter how busy you are, surely you can find time to spend quality time with your child. Positive parenting isn't always a bed of roses, and from time to time you're going to goof up because there's no such thing a a perfect parent. Being a good parent doesn't mean your child never has problems or that your patience is infinite. Rather, good parenting means being interested in what's happening to your child and his or her activities. Try using the positive parenting tips above and you'll be well on your way to becoming a good, effective parent.
November 07 2012
Want a Healthy Garden? Keep In Mind These Tips!
Each person who gardens likes to talk about how much fun the hobby is. They will talk to you about how satisfying it can be to grow things. They will tell you that they deal with their stress by pulling weeds. They make it sound so great it is obvious that you are going to eventually want to start a garden of your very own. After all, if it is so great, why aren't you doing it yourself? The good news is that everybody has the capability to start their own garden. The bad news is that gardening is harder than it looks. Keep reading to figure out which things you can do to become more successful. catering an event When you go to the nursery or garden supply store for the first time, you'll need to fight the urge to buy all of the tools you see. Surely you will need all of those things, right? The truth is that it is possible to start a garden with just a few basic tools of the trade. What you really need is to buy a trowel, a shovel and a rake. Each of these tools can be purchased in one of many sizes so do your best to choose the size that best suits your garden plot. Honestly-you could probably start your garden using only your own hands, but a few tools will make it easier. Before you even put a seed in the ground or wherever you decide to grow; you will put a many hours into the planning stage. An important prerequisite to planting is suitably aerating the soil. To give your plants the best growing conditions; you need to afford them the right quantities of nitrogen and all the additional nutrients they need. You need to make sure, basically, that it is healthy. This could take a fair amount of time. So do the work to be sure that your soil is ready and able to grow things. This is even more significant if you intend on planting directly into the earth. Regular dirt is not necessarily great for growing medium. Exercise patience. Gardens take time to grow, and they take even longer to thrive. Your plants might not really look all that good during the first year. Don't look at it as failure, but rather a learning experience. After that you'll be a much better gardener because you'll have a better idea as to what plants you should grow and how you should take care of them so they grow healthy. You've probably glossed over a few gardening magazines and wished you can have a perfect looking garden. Those gardens take hundreds and hundreds of hours to cultivate. Don't get discouraged if things take longer than you'd like them to. Growing a successful garden depends on many different factors. The good news is that anybody can do it. The sad news is that a lot of people don't find the success they want because they do not take the time to get a proper education in the subject. Use these hints as the kickstarter to your education and then supplement them with your own research. Healthy gardens are totally possible, as long as you are willing to work for them.
November 02 2012
Harold Outdoor Camping Followers Handle Their Financial Losses After Rapture Trend
It's pretty simple to be and feel motivated while you are in nature. This is due to the fact that you are in an additional atmosphere. Your senses are attuned to the present moment because everything you are perceiving is new. As an outcome, you usually tend to think faster and even more innovative. Our fulltime RV living choice located us on the banks of the Missouri River where we currently work as camphosts at an exclusive campsite and are preparing to spend our 3rd year of winter season camping in Missouri where the climate can be balmy one day and brutal the next. We had those exact same destinations in mind until the camping site owner hired us for the year-round job and we fell in love with the beautiful setting on the banks of the Missouri River. camping checklist I should have missed out on that wonderful January early morning when I headed to the river, wrapped in my sub-zero sleeping bag, camera and coffee in hand ... and enjoyed the glorious dance of the gulls swooping and swirling with grace and majesty. Little did we recognize the amount of our point of view should be attempted and examined when the total snowfall for the winter season set a brand-new record for our location ... 43 inches to be precise! Google browsing came through once again as we looked into more ways to survive in wintertime weather condition. The next winter months, our water hose was wrapped in heavy duty aluminum foil, followed by the heat tape, followed by the foam pipeline wrap. We also acquired an incredibly heavy duty sewer hose that is able to stand up to frigid temps. Now we had versatility! No a lot more stiff pipes to reconnect when we show up back at the campground.
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Home / Store / Journals / Electronic Articles / Fusion Science and Technology / Volume 1 / Number 4
Karl Erickson, N. J. Mccormick, Gene L. Woodruff
Fusion Science and Technology
Volume 1 / Number 4 / October 1981 / Pages 533-541
Format:electronic copy (download)
The feasibility of spatial and temporal power density flattening in fusion-fission hybrid reactors was investigated by varying the concentration of 239Pu within a set of zones in the fission region and by examining two different fuel management schemes. Blanket designs with no 239Pu typically had a spatial maximum-to-average power density ratio of ∼2.5, but this value was reduced to between 1.26 and 1.67, depending on the design and fuel management scheme selected. Unfortunately, however, significant impact occurs only with relatively high fissile concentrations, with the outer zones approaching equilibrium values. Thus, either an impractically large fissile inventory for startup or long operating histories would be required.
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|Business and Social Sciences Division
|Summer 2011
|4 hours lecture.
|4 Units
|Total Quarter Learning Hours: 48 (Total of All Lecture, Lecture/Lab, and Lab hours X 12)
|Lecture Hours: 4
|Lab Hours:
|Note: If Lab hours are specified, see item 10. Lab Content below.
|Repeatability -
|Not Repeatable.
|Status -
|Course Status: Active
|Grading: Letter Grade Only
|Degree Status: Applicable
|Credit Status: Credit
|Degree or Certificate Requirement: AA Degree, Certificate of Achievement
|GE Status: Non-GE
|Articulation Office Information -
|Transferability: CSU
|Validation: 1/7/11
|1. Description -
|Methods and principles of supervising adults in early care and education programs. Study of the supervisory process, professional conduct, communication, assessment, organizational climate, leadership styles, ethics and career development. Fulfills requirement of CA Child Development Permit Matrix and Mentor Teacher course.
|Prerequisite: None
|Co-requisite: None
|Advisory: Completion of 9 units of child development courses.
|2. Course Objectives -
|The student will be able to:
|3. Special Facilities and/or Equipment -
|4. Course Content (Body of knowledge) -
|5. Repeatability - Moved to header area.
|6. Methods of Evaluation -
|7. Representative Text(s) -
|Sciarra, Dorothy and Anne Dorsey, Leaders and Supervisors in Child Care Programs. Albany, N.Y.: Delmar Publishers, 2002. This text remains relevant to the course.
Bruno, Holly Elissa,Leading on Purpose: emotionally Intelligent Early Childhood Administration. New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Publishers, 2009.
Carter, M. and Curtis, D. ,The Visionary Director: A Handbook for Dreaming, Organizing and Improvising in Your Center. 2nd Edition. St. Paul, MN: Redleaf Press, 2010.
|8. Disciplines -
|Child Development
|9. Method of Instruction -
|10. Lab Content -
|Not applicable.
|11. Honors Description - No longer used. Integrated into main description section.
|12. Types and/or Examples of Required Reading, Writing and Outside of Class Assignments -
|13. Need/Justification -
|This course is a required course for Child Development Certificate of Achievement. This course is also required by California Child Development Permit for early care and education professionals to work in the field.
|Course status:
|Last updated:
|2014-06-06 12:36:34