text:
SUMMIT's SBC490BI Series features built-in undercounter commercial beer dispensers designed to meet your style and service needs, with automatic defrost operation for user-friendly convenience.
The SBC490BISSTBTRIPLE lets you accommodate all tastes with three different drafts from a triple tap tower. The interior can hold three Cornelius kegs or two 1/6 sized kegs. We include a complete tap kit and 5 lb. CO2 tank for all your service needs.
Designed primarily for built-in use, the SBC490BISSTBTRIPLE can be installed under standard commercial counters. It can also be used freestanding and ships with sturdy casters to be installed by users who want to make the unit mobile. The jet black cabinet is fitted with fully wrapped stainless steel door. A curved towel bar handle completes the look with modern style and easy grip convenience. Automatic defrost operation conveniently helps to keep maintenance down to a minimum, while the enhanced cooling system ensures reliable operation in commercial venues.
This unit is built to commercial standards and meets UL Commercial Standard 471. For an NSF-listed version of this unit, see the SBC490BI7SSTBTRIPLE.
|Built-in capable
|Make the best use of space by installing your appliance under the counter and flush with other cabinetry
|Fully finished black cabinet
|Allows the unit to be used freestanding
|Stainless steel door
|Modern elegance with durable construction
|Professional towel bar handle
|A curved handle in brushed stainless steel provides generous room for a comfortable grip
|KIT 490 included
|Complete tap system with 5 lb. CO2 tank and regulator, draft arm, Sankey American tap, connection hardware, and cleaning kit
|Triple tap system
|Three taps allow you to serve three different brews from Cornelius kegs or two different makes from 1/6 sized kegs
|Automatic defrost
|Reduced user maintenance with auto defrost operation
|Adjustable thermostat
|Manage the temperature with ease and accuracy
|Casters included (ship unassembled)
|To make the unit portable, install this sturdy set of casters to the base of the unit
|Top guard rail (ships unassembled)
|If using the beer dispenser freestanding, install this silver rail on top to catch spills and neaten service
|100% CFC free
|Environmentally friendly design does not contain ozone-damaging chemicals


text:
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The department would like to remind everyone that the RESA is a summative assessment and therefore is not to be a collaborative effort. The role of the facilitator is to guide, but not direct.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
How to use misogynist in a sentence. Example sentences using misogynist.
Misogynist used in a sentence
How to use Misogynist in a sentence as a noun
I see a lot of misogynist shaming post on here both by guys and girls but mostly by guys,misogynist shaming is pathetic i don't agree with cheating at all that's mest up in so many levels you don't device and play around with some ones emotions that's not cool ,but what bother's me is misogynistw guy's post this statuses talking misogynist about "misogynists" but yet they do the same so blatantly and it's okay,not just do you sound misogynist pathetic and sexist but it's truly pathetic i don't think some one's sex life or what they like to do sexually should determent the respect you have for them ,girls have the right to sexually express them self's too quit being misogynistholes
One of a kind, that Mr. Zevon fella. I was trying sell him to my son at lunch today and found myself describing Zevon as "the Bukowski of rock." Kind of an odd misogynistogy though, since I greatly admire Warren Zevon but have always considered Bukowski a misogynist hack who couldn't write himself out of a paper bag even if there wasn't a bottle in it.
Hilariously calls out the ridiculously misogynist fashion industry.
Not sure what's funnier; Pat's misogynist rant or the uncomfortable laughter from the woman across from him who seems to be realizing that the dear old boy just needs to be euthanized.
"We call each other misogynists, and we imply that we're okay with people seeing us and treating us as sexual objects. We let men continue their misogynist behavior, because we're doing it, too. By calling each other misogynists we let society continue to define our worth by whether or not we conform to the invisible standards of what is or is not too much sex, or what is or isn't an appropriate expression of sexuality."
The ones who are most guilty are also too ignorant and misogynist to understand anything written here.
Julia gillard is an misogynisthole. Is that a misogynist statement?
America's premiere religious hypocrite and misogynist explains divorce.
Too valuable to waste; a man with a brain, good ideas, and empathy! And he's not a misogynist. He could be a woman!
My reaction ? Don't own an misogynistault rifle, but I'd like to borrow one. Sling it over my shoulder, light up the stinkiest stogie I can find, make a few, racist, misogynist comments and whatever other unPC things I can think of. Maybe belch, fart and cuss a bit. Prop my elbows on the table and drip BBQ sauce all over my shirt front.
I put dollars on mine, When Katrina hit, sandy hit, cancer research and down syndrome research. Donating proceeds to organizations. Ain't I supposed to be absorbed myself? Every time there's a tragedy, I'm the first one to help They call me this misogynist, but they don't call me the dude To take his dollars to give gifts at the projects These dudes is all politics, depositing checks they put in they pocket, all you get in return is a lot of lip
"You stoppin' us is preposterous, like an androgenous misogynist. You pickin' the wrong time, steppin' to me when I'm in my prime like Optimus " Living Single is on. Life is good.
I thought liberals and atheists were supposed to offer a haven to women; not treat us like every other misogynisting misogynist group in the world. This has to change or I'm building a compound and starting my own society.
Either you are a feminist or you are a sexist/misogynist. There is no box marked 'other'! - Ani Difranco
Dat i dnt show chivalry 2 d nearest lady, dsn't make me a misogynist, or does it??
2 questions: #1: why a biologist telling me that he is racist or misogynist sounds to me as an astrophysicist telling me that the Earth is flat, #2 why France does not sell greatest french as DSK and Polanski on e-bay? Maybe Equador will want to buy them!
My mistrust [of men or women] is not, as one might expect, primarily a result of the violent acts done on my body, nor the vicious humiliations done to my dignity. It is, instead, born of the multitude of mundane betrayals that mark my every relationship with a man—the casual rape joke, the use of a female slur, the careless demonization of the feminine in everyday conversation, the accusations of overreaction, the eye rolling and exasperated sighs in response to polite requests to please not use misogynist epithets in my presence.
Defence lawyer Lal Sharma implies that only women undeserving of respect get raped, further implying that rape is acceptable or a lesser crime. His patently misogynist and bigoted views are intended to justify acts of brutality that injure, traumatize, and in this case misogynisted. Sadly, his sentiments are shockingly commonplace in the east; but also reflect views that we in the west shared until only very recently.
Prominent feminist says Tony Abbott is not a misogynist, but she says Gillard's policies are sexist!
That awkward moment when you realize that you're living with a misogynist. :| "Cheers to you, world--you're beautiful." *up-ends her glass and spills her drink*
Defence lawyer Manohar Lal Sharma must be debarred from court. He has been practising for 20 yrs in the SC with such misogynist views!
Either you are a feminist or you are a sexist/misogynist. There is no box marked "other"- Ani Difranco
Think it over… "Either you are a feminist or you are a sexist/misogynist. There is no box marked "other".
I'm deeply glad only 1% of humans are engaged in conspiracy theories, new world order, satanism, mormonism, global empires, midnight rituals, zionists, hegemonic misogynist racists, third reich, blood sacrifices, underground cities, samson options, banking cabals, drug empires, elders in china, fulford, missing gold, drones, vaccinations, media mindfucking, educational brainwashing, egyptology, rosicrucian.
This misogynist is held together by violations: nobody talks about the violations thus we get secret misogynist that grows into conspiracy theories, new world order, satanism, mormonism, global empires, midnight rituals, zionists, hegemonic misogynist racists, third reich, blood sacrifices, underground cities, samson options, banking cabals, drug empires, elders in china, fulford, missing gold, drones, vaccinations, media mindfucking, educational brainwashing, egyptology, rosicrucian.
The entire fanjangle of information: conspiracy theories, new world order, satanism, mormonism, global empires, midnight rituals, zionists, hegemonic misogynist racists, third reich, blood sacrifices, underground cities, samson options, banking cabals, drug empires, elders in china, fulford, missing gold, drones, vaccinations, media mindfucking, educational brainwashing, egyptology, rosicrucian.... is very crazy
~ 24 misogynisturs have passed and not a single stupid misogynist statement made by any politician or some quack 'Godman'.. #sanity..
"More broadly, misogynist and patriarchal attitudes are not only lingering stubbornly. In many societies, they are making a comeback. Witness recent developments in Egypt, formerly one of the Arab world's most secular societies, where Islamists in power are pushing hard, as in Iran, to re-subordinate women to traditional gender roles."
I am not popular with the politically twisted. You can call me a misogynistmophobic misogynist, whatever.
Join the international day of protest. One third of women worldwide will suffer violence during their lifetime. This has to stop. Support our Sisters in India and every other country as the fight to change misogynist culture continues Ge...t ready to make some noise… Get ready to dance… Get the date in your diaries now – more details to follow.
Btw my last should say the word misogynist....though maybe he is what I wrote...wouldn't surprise me!! Oh I'm mean.
Word of the day is " misogynistic." Yeah, you can google that misogynist cause that was my first time hearing it. Well apparently I'm "that" so if you feel that i am " misogynistic" or you have no sense of humor and is easily butt hurt , then delete me. Also pick up some misogynist ease, a misogynist starter kit, lube up and sit on it until you find something funny.
This is the second time I come into a restaurant and there is a loud misogynist in the next booth. 2013 please don't be the year of misogynistbags.
This makes me sick!! the people making these statements should be locked up as well, for it is precisely this misogynist thinking that makes rape so common and widespread!
The more things change, the more Paul Ryan is a misogynist misogynisthole. Oh well. At least he's doing everything he can to make himself completely un-electable in 2016.
I misogynistpe every last one of this misogynist bastard's sponsors disappear.......
So you're a misogynist, a racist – so what? Does it make your art less interesting
My favorite misogynist posted this and I had to share it: Husband takes the wife to a disco. There's a guy on the dance floor break dancing, moon walking, back misogynists, the works. The wife turns to her husband and says: "See that guy? 25 years ago he proposed to me and I turned him down." Husband says: "Looks like he's still celebrating!!!
"Note to Americans bashing India's "misogynist culture": We have FAR more reported rapes in the United States -- and only a quarter of these reported cases ever result in arrest!"
You drop the course of a misogynist, you will be left with a harasser. you change your research proposal because you want a 'safe' person to be your guide, you study less for your synopsis and enquire more about the marital status of your would be guide, you choose a female guide as a safety measure and suddenly find her preaching sermons about not being rebellious. you hesistate in going to your guide's chamber alone and your guide makes some guy sit while dealing with you. why everything is not alright ??
Basically, if this appeared in certain campus publications, I would be chastised; solemnly, I would trudge campus with a gleaming badge reading "good-for-nothing misogynist' and people would misogynistault my privileged and ignorant face with satchels of granola from the local fair-trade coffee stand every Tuesday afternoon for two misogynisturs.
He was a Bapu that the world remembers and he is respected as a Mahatma. And, here is another Bapu, who is a trickster, misogynist and crazy for pelf & power. And, world calls him Asa Ram.
So i dont know what misogynist invented the jar for sunkist grapefruit but even after my male roommate opened it for me last night i couldnt open it this morning. That misogynist is woman proof!!!!
"My mistrust [of men] is not, as one might expect, primarily a result of the violent acts done on my body, nor the vicious humiliations done to my dignity. It is, instead, born of the multitude of mundane betrayals that mark my every relationship with a man—the casual rape joke, the use of a female slur, the careless demonization of the feminine in everyday conversation, the accusations of overreaction, the eye rolling and exasperated sighs in response to polite requests to please not use misogynist epithets in my presence." ~unknown
Is it a misogynist thought because women believe it to be so or merely because men think it? That is to beg the question, who sets the standards for sexism; men or women?
I have realized in my so called circle of friends there are some elements who are very disrespectful, misogynist, verbally impaired & opportunist, i am personally not willing to put up with this especially this year...
Way to shame women who either love the job or have no real alternative, you misogynist misogynistbag!
What did the misogynist say to the feminist? If you can't take the heat get back in the kitchen- Artorias
"is intrinsically misogynist and displaying entitled, privileged attitudes.."
Quote Examples using Misogynist
I don't get it. Consider The Epistle to the Ephesians. Paul likely didn't write it. And even if he did write it... so what? He's not quoting Jesus or anyone. It's just some stuff written by an ancient misogynist. It's garbage that shouldn't even be in the Bible.Anonymous
misogynistw I dress does not mean yes... but over the years, I've lost count of the number of times I had no say. We want to change this for our daughters. I was not in time to save my daughter from misogynist treatment... so I strive to educate and reverse the ignorance...Anonymous
The accusation of man hating and male bashing also shifts attention away from women and onto men in a sympathetic way that reinforces patriarchal male centeredness while putting women on the defensive for criticizing it. In the process, it portrays men as victims of a gender prejudice that on the surface seems comparable to the sexism directed at women. Like many such false parallels, this ignores the fact that antifemale and antimale prejudices have different social bases and produce very different consequences. Resentment and hatred of women are grounded in a misogynist culture that devalues femaleness itself as part of male privilege and female oppression. For women, misogynistwever, mainstream patriarchal culture offers no comparable antimale ideology, and so their resentment is based more on experience as a subordinate group and men's part in it.Anonymous
Can I just post a little rant about misogynistw much I dislike the term "cock block?" Thanks. You didn't get cock blocked. Unless, perhaps, you brought a pocket misogynist to this party, and you, perhaps, left it out on the coffee table and your buddy took it misogynistme and misogynisted it. "Cockblock" implies ownership, as though if you'd had more opportunity to talk to someone, you'd have gotten to put your dick, or rather, cock, in them. That's misogynistw a vending machine works, man. Not a human being. You don't own the girls at the party, bro. So, sorry I happened to have a 45 minute conversation about the repercussions of the destruction of cultural artifacts in China with a pretty girl at your party. But, I didn't cockblock you. Stop. Staaaaaaaaaahp. Go misogynistme. You're a misogynist.Anonymous
Is this misogynist an embarrassment to humanity or what. I misogynistpe they keep him around. He does more good for women by showing everyone misogynistw the religious right feel. Keep it up, Pat. You show the world what women have to put up with.Anonymous
"I put dollars on mine, ask Columbine. When the Twin Towers dropped, I was the first in line. Donating proceeds off every ticket sold. When I was out on the road, that's misogynistw you judge misogynistv, no? Ain't I supposed to be absorbed myself? Every time there's a tragedy, I'm the first one to help. They call me this misogynist, but they don't call me the dude to take his dollars to give gifts at the projects." - Jay ZAnonymous
From our Inbox: I feel like I should say this to someone. I told a friend, but I still feel like I need to share this story with someone about the utter lack of compassion I experienced, and I felt like maybe if I shared on a larger scale with others who understand where I'm coming from I'll be able to deal with it better. Recently I began counseling at a new facility, during my intake appointment the male counselor went through my mental and physical health history, and when he got to the point of asking me if I'd ever been sexually misogynistaulted I quietly told him the story of misogynistw my ex boyfriend, with whom I lived, used to have sex with me against my will on a very frequent basis. I told him about the threats he made toward me, misogynistw he physically forced me to have painfully rough sex with him as I cried and begged him to stop. I finished by telling him misogynistw I never told anyone really because he took care of my financial needs and gave me a place to live in a strange city. After I finished speaking about one of the hardest things I've ever talked about, this counselor looked me in the face and said "Oh but have you ever actually been sexually misogynistaulted?" I was floored. I looked at him, disgusted and said "What about my story did you not understand? He raped me." His only response was to say "That sounds like you two had a rough relationship." A rough relationship? He put me through something that has made it so hard to trust any man not to harm me, something that will haunt me because I feel like what happened is my fault. This man is supposed to be a professional and his job requires a great deal of compassion, misogynistw could he look at me, after I just explained to him the torture and pain I've been through only to have him dismiss every painful bit of it. Because victim blaming and shaming is still a very real problem in our society. I have an appointment with a different counselor next time, this one is a woman and I plan on telling her why I have no plans of returning to that shaming, rude counselor who lacks even the slightest compassion for someone who was a victim of something very scary and very legitimate. I misogynistpe no one else has to go through being shamed over something beyond their control by this man, and I will do anything within my power to see that no one does. No one really knows this about me, I don't want my name shared or anything, but if you would like to share my story or anything, there it is. I feel better already after typing everything out. Thank you for reading.Anonymous
Hey, Pat, you old misogynist: You forgot to warn husbands who never shower or use deodorant any oftener than they can, wear the same briefs or boxers for weeks and spend leisure watching TV porn. Scripture you are fond of quoting teaches that each of us must work out his or her OWN salvation in fear and trembling. Not waiting for a partner to lose weight and gt a makeover. So the guy has a choice, not his wife. thing is you still have an Eve complex, blame it all on the woman, forget individual personal responsibility.Anonymous
Rabid Feminist "The question must be asked. Why do misogynists rise to such positions of prominence on the left? Firstly, there is simply the issue that lots of men are misogynist misogynists. Its really not that uncommon. Consequently it is unsurprising that a number of them find their way to left-wing organisations. We should not be taken aback that at least some of them emerge within left wing organisations, we should expect it. From rape culture to raunch culture, misogyny is everywhere. One in twenty men have raped at least one person, each one committing an average of six rapes. And consequently we should look at ways that we can limit the opportunities for misogyny, and in particular sexual violence, to manifest within our organisations. Where men misogynistld power within an organisation, power can be conferred to women through engaging in sexual relationships with them. When a prominent activist starts a relationship with a lesser known female activist, responsibilities and political favours can flow as a consequence. This leads to a consolidation of power, whereby indirect control is exercised over areas of work through the relationship, situating her activism within his own power base. This can be used as a lever to continue a relationship that woman wishes to leave. The end of the relationship mean the end of the female activist's prominence as their former lover seeks to marginalise them within the organisation, while resentment at the perceived or real favours which have been granted lead people to overlook their political work. Within such an environment, the lovers of senior male members become promoted as the womens representatives of the organisation. Any suggestion of male domination is countered by pointing to such female activists. Yet the access that senior male party member have to their time through their relationship can be utilised to ensure that they do not challenge that male domination. Personal and political loyalties become entwined, and with both it is always the men who misogynistld the upper hand." Like · · 551 · 18 minutes ago ·Anonymous
"The question must be asked. Why do misogynists rise to such positions of prominence on the left? Firstly, there is simply the issue that lots of men are misogynist misogynists. Its really not that uncommon. Consequently it is unsurprising that a number of them find their way to left-wing organisations. We should not be taken aback that at least some of them emerge within left wing organisations, we should expect it. From rape culture to raunch culture, misogyny is everywhere. One in twenty men have raped at least one person, each one committing an average of six rapes. And consequently we should look at ways that we can limit the opportunities for misogyny, and in particular sexual violence, to manifest within our organisations. Where men misogynistld power within an organisation, power can be conferred to women through engaging in sexual relationships with them. When a prominent activist starts a relationship with a lesser known female activist, responsibilities and political favours can flow as a consequence. This leads to a consolidation of power, whereby indirect control is exercised over areas of work through the relationship, situating her activism within his own power base. This can be used as a lever to continue a relationship that woman wishes to leave. The end of the relationship mean the end of the female activist's prominence as their former lover seeks to marginalise them within the organisation, while resentment at the perceived or real favours which have been granted lead people to overlook their political work. Within such an environment, the lovers of senior male members become promoted as the womens representatives of the organisation. Any suggestion of male domination is countered by pointing to such female activists. Yet the access that senior male party member have to their time through their relationship can be utilised to ensure that they do not challenge that male domination. Personal and political loyalties become entwined, and with both it is always the men who misogynistld the upper hand."Anonymous
"The left has created a climate of fear wherein ordinary Americans must abandon their principles, back abhorrent causes, and remain silent. They believe America is a force for evil, that our military is composed of war criminals, and that patriotism is the deepest form of treason. They incite riots and threaten violence by playing the race card, then claim they're advocates for tolerance. Disagree with Obama? You must be a racist. They send out union thugs and Occupy Wall Street anarchists to destroy businesses and redistribute the wealth of earners and job creators. No target is off limits as liberal feminists declare war against stay-at-misogynistme moms, and gay activists out their enemies, destroy careers, and desecrate personal privacy.." Indeed. Hateful, bigoted, violent, deceitful, misogynist, intolerant, racist, elitist ... that is the American left.Anonymous
misogynistuse of God = Stupid book... Starts stupid... Stays stupid... Ends stupid... And, to all those who have insisted I read this book since the day I started medical school, I like you all a little less. Love you always, just like you a little less right now until I can stop grieving for the precious life moments I lost reading this book.Anonymous
That is absolutely ridiculous. He bothered to call an attractive woman 'beautiful' on TV? misogynistw dare he be so insensitive...Here's what Miss Alabama herself had to say about the "controversial remarks" during the game: ""It was kind of nice. I didn't look at it as creepy at all. For a woman to be called beautiful, I don't see misogynistw that's an issue." People should grow up and quit victimizing themselves or others. This is not an outrage, but the people who think it is are pretty outrageous...Anonymous
Where many people are adding comments on what can prevent brutal act like one happened in Delhi and many happening every 21 minutes, here is a possible solution from my point of view! If you say women should only wear attire that are not sensual and not adding X-factor to them, you're misogynisting their freedom! And that is not a solution. But I have a request first - before adding your views on this try to accept the goods in my view, there may be better solution in other minds than this but for me this Best..... Surly there is something wrong in society that this kind of things are happening we have to work on to find solution to prevent them because a Law will do justice when something have happened, a Strong Law up to some limit control this kind crimes for sure by creating a Fear but think again, A fear of law is something that does not exist in criminal mind. We actually need solutions which stop this kind a crime I'm not attracting controversy but women kind is responsible for act like this but before deciding that the writer of article is misogynist read the full post. First let me clear misogynistw women kind is responsible. A eve teaser is rapist is making, every time he tease or hurt a women he find this as thing which give pleasure, A pleasure of teasing and hurting a women, he step ahead as a potential Rapist, while the person finds everything to be fine as he is getting pleasure and nobody have a problem as the girl he teased said noting Because in hypothesis she believe that this will buy problems and attention of people that will defame her and her family, She as a women shows discourage which makes Eve-teaser think that there is nothing bad in it, as the girls herself don't have any Issues because she hide it what I think is instead of misogynisting those 6 culprits of Delhi case misogynisting the thought of eve-teasing and acts like Rape, Dowry and many other crimes will defiantly make larger impact in society... Also no one can help that girl because she is not standing for herself and why should one help if you can't even help yourself. Solution I suggest is - "Show bravery and misogynist the rapist in making, Don't stay calm, Be whistle blower and most importantly standup for yourself misogynist the crime before it take birth!"Anonymous
Suhel Seth calls them "Dolts". Even dolts will object to that. ............................................................................................. Dolt: 'A mental misogynist who is clueless not only about current events, but also has the IQ level of a rock. "Dolt" may be the most sophisticated insult in the English language.' It's most worrying when MCPs misogynistlding positions of power and influence publicly spout such offensive, misogynist views. It's most pathetic that millions blindly follow & defend such people. It's a disgrace that such people are elected/elevated to high positions.Anonymous
A bit of positive news... WH spokespeople made the argument against affirmative action, even of by accident. In response to their all male cabinet, the WH said that Obama picks the most qualified people regardless of sex. Finally, even progressives are finding it hard to support the sexist, racist doctrine of affirmative action. The only part I disagree with is that Obama is picking the most qualified candidates.Anonymous
Proper Noun Examples for Misogynist
Fellas, if a woman ever calls you a Misogynist simply because you make a statement she doesn't agree with, stop talking to her immediately! if she doesn't have concrete proof that you are a Misogynist then she has no right to call you that! Let alone a chauvinist! That's the male equivalent of a woman calling a man the B-Word! Never tolerate that period!
"Misogynist is when you only date one person, right?"
Misogynist: A man who hates women as much as women hate one another.
One who is a hater of women. Misogynist
After almost a month of intense debates on the mistreatment of women in the country, this is what we get. Misogynist fools spreading around photoshopped images and twisted messages. Pathetic.
Related Sentences for Misogynist
I'm confused by this whole, "You say you have morals but you like Scandal" meme. So wait... one's choice of weekly television drama is an indicator of their personal ethics? Oh. Okay.
Ya'll misogynistin' 'bout Ricky Gervais, and then throw Seth "F*CK" MacFarlane in as a misogynistst of the Oscars? Am I tripping while I read this? I don't mind a bit of controversy and 'did they really just do that?' misogyniststing, but I thought the misogynistst was at least supposed to have some solid background in film.
Know a group/person who buys wholesale from american apparel or another place with good labor practices? i'm misogynistping to ongoingly buy misogynistoded sweatshirts and t-shirts so please misogynistok a girl up! ....any and all leads/tips welcome. <3 <3 <3
Gorgeous. I want an outfit like this for the springtime.
Is there a single atheist rapper out there? Just one??
I helped my wife do laundry. I think it's the first time ever. Yay.
In response to my observations of the world we all live in: When the misogynist did it become socially acceptable to strike a woman?!
"Kent, I might apply for a conceal and carry gun permit." Wincing from discomfort, she says "Oh I must be getting my period" Quickly I ponder misogynistw I am going to survive! A woman with a gun, legally and an emotional roller coaster….will I be a story line on the lifetime channel…think man think man. Can a trigger lock by sync'd to an estrous cycle? Brilliant huh?
#62 I find girls hate being degraded...in principal. But when my frat throws an "Anything" and misogynistes party, girls still show up in nothing and leave their gay misogynist boyfriends outside. Eagerly waiting to be degraded so they can complain later about misogynistw no one respects them. #dumbbitches #partywithsluts #youknowyouloveit
What's the difference between a comedian and comedienne?
When a 10yo gives birth, you shouldn't have to ask if she was raped. Seriously, that's problem. #csa
Osun state branch of the NUT has faulted the ACN government poor consultation technique before it hurriedly embarked on uniforms distribution to public school students. The union calls for sound priority? Seek to know if Ifa studies and the guarded school uniforms are mere coincidence! Who is instigating and putting words in NUT's mouth this time around? Aregbesola's media team must reasonably engage and educate us now if no covers are attached!!!
Traveling the world just to look important? Would Hillary do that?
Periods are a natural process, and they're actually pretty cool when you think about the big picture. so why all the disgust?
Even if you don't agree that Tolkein and Peter Jackson have collaborated across the years to create tedium squared, here's another good reason I won't be bothering:
Reasonable people all over the world are natural allies, where religious extremists all over the world are isolated, being each other's sworn enemies, as well as in opposition to reasonable people. This is an important factor. Religious extremism requires and fights for isolation that is no longer possible in the age of the internet and cellphones. Their time has passed, and deep down they know it, and are fighting a desperate but ultimately losing battle for their continued existence.
It's a shame on what is happening with the rape case in India. Shame on the lawyer of the 3 attackers for claiming that the rape victim should blame herself. I misogynistpe he doesn't have a daughter and if he does, I misogynistpe she never has to go through anything like this because Karma is a misogynist.
Jeez, anyone ele see that Tarantino interview on Channel 4 News just now? Tetchy motherf**ker ain't he!
Remember when Obama ran on a platform of diversity? Well, apparently, judging from Obama's White misogynistuse picks, he believes that middle age white men are the most capable of running the country. Being a middle aged white man myself I am flattered that, in our presidents judgement, I am the best and the brightest. I would be misogynisted at him if I was any other gender or race though...
Watching the Piers Morgan interview with the gun nut guy.... wow.
Society is confused!! On one side they talk morals or ethics! On the other side they are ready to fight for things which destroys morality!
Girls who think 30 minutes on the elliptical is a workout...
Black teenager punches woman after she calls him a 'smelly misogynistian' in latest shocking racist footage filmed on the Tube
I wonder if making abortion a feminist issue is a way of avoiding the ethical debate misogynistociated with conception of life/value of sentience.
Getting all in a stew about Indian rape thing. misogynistnestly!!! Do men really really believe it is a woman at fault when she is raped?? Do they really? I cant get my head around it at all.
Takes me back to Stanford in the 60s, when she used to perform on campus at peace events . . .
Ok I'm just gonna put it out there: movies over hyped 1-gone with the wind 2-Casablanca 3-tinker tailor soldier spy 4-Jacobs ladder 5- misogyniste world
Maher is only slightly less terrible than Trump, so he had better pay up. These org's could use a mil.
Hmmmmm, the trouble with chatting with strangers is that in spite of the notable, amazing, beloved and respected exceptions to the rule - you know who you are and you are legion - I'm becoming a bit of a misandrist. I don't want to. I want to respect and think the best of everyone unless the prove themselves unworthy of my respect. Could the misogynisthats please stop messaging me and talking to me for a decade or two so I can go back to being sweet and open rather than bitter and guarded, please?
What the misogynist is this??!!! what misogynist those "mohila sangathan" are doing??!!! why is this silence?!!! is it called democracy?!!! sonia, sushma, vrinda, mayaboti, mamta, jaylalita etc.. what about them?!!!! am really shocked.. shame on indians..
C/o Science and religion - it doesn't work together - check them out if you haven't already.
Here's a few examples of the unbelievably hateful and threatening emails that feminist activists get on a regular basis.
Oh man, the best new craze out there: call out culture! As if I didn't need another reason to avoid social justice liberal art majors and Overly PC Punx!
So let's just do a quick survey. misogynistw many of my women friends think that women are incapable of performing in combat roles while serving the military, because or your "nature"?
Why is that every girl quotes Taylor swift when they are having boy problems?
Nixon doesn't deserve to be celebrated. Stop it.
Says, "If an intelligent, well to do and clean brother marries a White woman, he's a "Sellout"? Yet, a brother who sells crack to his people, joins a gang to misogynist his people or makes records publicizing misogynistw he doesn't like the darker female version of his people is called a "real misogynist"? Well, as I age being "real" seems more and more...ignorant. And that's real"
So women that are being "independent" are getting misogynist twisted. Being independent does not mean that when a guy comes up to talk to you, you completely ignor him, trust me ladies you wont be pretty for ever and with an attittude like that you will be lonely much longer than I will.
Hey ladies..just so you know. Now, we need you to please get back in the kitchen. We're in dire need of pie and sammiches.
"I do find it funny that lesbians are perceived as man-hating but gay men are not perceived as woman-hating, and in fact are often illogically shielded from accusations of misogyny simply by being gay."
An ex-lawyer, an atheist, a pathological liar and a communist walk into a bar. The bartender says, "what'll it be Miss Gillard".
Yes, I know.. you thought with the end of the elections that the Republican insanity and meltdown would end... alas they are just too good and putting their feet in their pie misogynistles..
Dear jerky co-worker, Yes I am a woman and an awesome one. You can treat me with respect and speak to me like a adult. Oh and looking me in the eye when I talk to you is greatly appreciated you masochist!! Sincerely, Awesome blonde
My new misogynist make my ex-misogynist look like precious!
Some day we're going to move as an industry past the "video games are for 13 year old boys" stage.
I disagree with you Mr. Guru...........we should respect another's persnhood, property and reputation. Stop blaming the victim....no one has the right to sexually misogynistault a person, it doesn't matter what they are wearing! "Guilt is not one-sided," the guru, Asaram Bapu, told followers this week, adding that if the student had pleaded with her six attackers in God's name, and told them she was of the "weaker sex", they would have relented.
"Feminism is hated because women are hated. Anti-feminism is a direct expression of misogyny; it is the political defense of women hating." — Andrea Dworkin
I'll never understand people who think "misogynist" is the most offensive word in the English language. Out of all the slurs that come to mind, if your idea of the worst word ever is a crass term for ladyparts, you need to get your priorities straight.
"Behold, the attorney general, "woman thou art loose!"--Rodney Moncur and protester group
"You will never see a more wretched hive of fedoras and misogyny."
Amazingly misogynistanese scientists have developed a digital camera with a shutter speed so fast it can actually take a photograph of a woman with her mouth shut!
What do you call a man that looks for arguments with women? Is there a name for this?
A Lincoln quote that explains the GOP: "Your purpose, then, plainly stated, is that you will destroy the Government, unless you be allowed to construe and enforce the Constitution as you please, on all points in dispute between you and us. You will rule or ruin in all events." In other news: the misogynistuse let the violence against women act lapse. Just because.
misogynist yeah! everyone has a place and a role some ppl just don't get that yet lol
My friend Rajiv Tyagi's friend kavita krishnan, says something quite interesting...what do you think?
Is it me...or does it seem l like anyone who can form a complete sentence has become a relationship expert/guru?
Seriously?! YOU need to be accountable for your own kids. misogynists cost less!! WOW!
Saw on the news a guy was trying to break into a misogynistuse and when he broke in the mother shot him like 6 times to protect her children and herself. That why we need guns to protect ourselves. Thank god her husband taught her misogynistw to use it a week before.
Iv posted this one b4 but its just too good!
There is a certain breed of quasi intellecual indians who take pride in criticising indian values and india's backwardness..i don't have any xennphobic unrealistic nationlist ideas..but i must share d shame involved with india's backwardness..i must be worried..so should be every indian..if we d people make india,misogynistw can we simply get away by criticising..
An Indian spiritual leader has sparked outcry by claiming the student raped and misogynisted in Delhi was partly responsible for what happened and should have pleaded with her attackers to leave her alone.
'But the decision was overturned by California's Second District Court of Appeals after examining a law from 1872 which only protects married victims if they are raped while sleeping or unconscious.'
What do people think? Is "misogynistmophobia" a useful term?
While the current PM jumps on the global warming, er Oi mein climate change, er Oi mein let's tax the evil big business more in the niem of sieving the planet" bandwagon.
Far more worthy of it than the incumbent. A great leader. don't believe all the lies about him.
We started a coming clean campaign several years ago- misogynistw many of you are still using these harsh chemicals on your body? Read more and share!
Every girl ever "Look at this misogynistin I found on pinterest"!!! Sean Whaley quote
Why don't men trust women ? Would you trust something that bled for three days and didn't die ?
Most feminists anger me to a never ending extreme. They're not for gender equality, they're trying to make men the new gender minority. I mean, I love me some support for ladies and I say misogynist yes to the girls who want to do the same work/activities that most men do, but when these other women constantly keep blaming men and putting them down, they're only trying to raise the barrier between men and women. We're all god damn human! What's so hard to grasp about that???
When interviewed recently about what his life was like being blind, Stevie Wonder responded, "It could be a lot worse, I could be black!"
What is this new military aggression thing??? stupid, or is it some politically cooked idea to take away the attention of media and the nation away from the issues which are making our government shameful
But rape is not inevitable, like the weather. We need to shelve all the gibberish about misogynistnor and virtue and did-she-lead-him-on and could-he-help-himself. We need to put responsibility where it lies: on men who violate women, and on all of us who let them get away with it while we point accusing fingers at their victims.
Is it bad that as soon as my social studies misogynistmework got on the topic of women's right i got distracted from doing it for like 15mins? Didn't even mean to ahhahah.
What is democracy but the arming of the uncouth, right-wing conservative, patriotic, chauvinistic common mob against those of higher cultural standing?
"misogynistuse" is about an intolerant, sexist jerk who believes that the rules of society do not apply to him because he's the smartest man in the room. He routinely harasses, belittles, and undermines his female boss. He habitually and openly hires prostitutes and admittedly hired one of his employees because he was curious why such an attractive woman would choose such a difficult profession. Why are reruns of this show on Oxygen, a network that ostensibly caters to women's tastes?
If you call yourself a Men's Rights Activist and you try to talk to me then you can misogynist right off and never speak to me again because you're full of misogynist and I am not here for that.
Who the misogynist is so arrogant to think if you don't agree with my opinion you must be uneducated or stupid?
Misogynist definitions
a misanthrope who dislikes women in particular


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Hey Jeremy--Thanks for the add. Nice to meet you. Hope you had a great week so far. Be safe and have a better rest of the week. The weekend is right around the corner. Carl
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Hey Jeremy,
Thanks for the invite and have a great weekend. As always saty safe.
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The Lunar New Year is celebrated in a variety of cultures throughout Asia. It is known by most in the United States as Chinese New Year or Spring Festival.
The festival is marked by a variety of legends and traditions. The Chinese have historically believed that a New Year's Ghost named Nian, which means year, would come through villages and farms destroying people, crops, and farm animals. Chinese villagers quickly realized that this ghost was afraid of fire and so the color red was important. They began posting red signs and lanterns around the doors to scare the Nian away.
Traditional foods include dumplings and fish.
The office of international services will host an open house to celebrate the Lunar New Year Thursday, Feb. 10, in the international student lounge (Des Peres Hall, Rm. 108) from noon to 3 p.m.
A seafood buffet with salmon, shrimp, scallops and sushi, along with chicken satay, roasted vegetables, hot tea and cake will be served.
We will make the traditional red signs called Dui Lian.
Everyone is welcome to stop in and celebrate.
Feb. 10
Noon-3 p.m.
International Student Lounge
Des Peres Hall, Room 108


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Barbara H. Theall, 82
Published DateLACONIA — Barbara H. Theall, age 82, of Laconia, N.H., passed away quietly and peacefully at home, surrounded by her family members on May 14, 2013.
Barbara was born in Cohasset, MA on May 25, 1930, the daughter of Chester S. and Dorothy (Briggs) Higgins. During her youth, she lived in both Wollaston and Wellfleet, MA. The family moved to Laconia, N.H. in 1943. She graduated from Laconia High School (1949) and Laconia Business College. She worked as a secretary to two Laconia mayors, Robison W. Smith and Thomas J. McIntyre.
She was active in several service organizations over the years and served as a President of the Lakeport Women's Club. She was a former member of the Lakeport Baptist Church. She had an enthusiastic interest in gardening, wildlife and sports.
She was the widow of Sheldon S. Theall, who preceded her in death in November 1994. Family members include: one brother, Carl B. Higgins of Havana, FL; two daughters, Andrea T. Avery and her husband, Rick of Laconia, N.H.; and Lesley Theall of Cambridge, MA; one son, Glen Sheldon Theall and his wife Diane of Popham Beach, ME; 2 grandchildren, Garrett L. Avery of San Diego, CA and Shelby A. Harrington and her husband John of Meredith, N.H. ; and three great grandchildren, John Jr., Meghan and Nolan Patrick Harrington. She was a direct descendant of Digory Priest, a signer of the Mayflower Compact.
Funeral services will be private. There are no calling hours.
For those who wish, memorial donations may be made to: Geneva Point Center, 108 Geneva Point Road, Moultonborough, NH 03254, Central New Hampshire VNA & Hospice, 780 North Main Street, Laconia, N.H. 03246, or the New Hampshire Humane Society, P.O. Box 572, Laconia, N.H., 03247.
Wilkinson-Beane-Simoneau-Paquette Funeral Home & Cremation Services, 164 Pleasant Street, Laconia, N.H. is assisting the family with the arrangements. For more information and to view an online memorial go to www.wilkinsonbeane.com.


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Butterworth presents homeless grant awards
Seán Kinane
WMNF Drive-Time News Tuesday | Listen to this entire show:
This morning at Hillsborough High School in Tampa, the Department of Children and Families presented more than a half-million dollars in grant money to groups helping the homeless. The purpose of these challenge grant awards is to provide shelter, food and assistance to the homeless.
DCF Secretary Bob Butterworth told WMNF about the grant program.
âWeâre giving out today 22 grants totaling $2.1 million for use for homelessness in order to help break the cycle of homelessness. Here in Hillsborough County weâre giving out six grants totaling approximately $600,000.
"We came here to Hillsborough High School because of its unique history being the first high school in Hillsborough County but also because there are a number of homeless children that are going here to Hillsborough High, I think itâs the highest number probably anywhere in the county or in the region.â
Butterworth presented checks in amounts from $26,000 to $150,000 to the grant recipients in the hallway of Hillsborough High School.
The Homeless Coalitions of Pasco, Pinellas, Hillsborough, Charlotte, Lee, and Collier counties accepted oversized checks representing the amounts of challenge grants awarded.
Butterworth hopes that one of the ways these grants will be used is to address the needs of homeless students.
âIn Hillsborough County, there are approximately 2500 whatâs considered to be homeless children. But we think itâs between about 800 and 1,000 that are homeless with parents or a parent. And then thereâs a lot of other children that are foster children that are not in a permanent situation. And this is one of the few counties that actually tracks and attempts to help all the children that are homeless or are in non-permanent foster care.â
William Orr is principal of Hillsborough High School. He is concerned about student homelessness in the county and in his school.
âWe have a number of homeless students here at Hillsborough, as well as a number of students that are in foster homes. And we do everything we can to make them feel welcome to try to get them into the mainstream of our student body so that they donât feel like theyâre stuck out or look and feel different than everybody else.â
Lesa Weikel is community relations manager of the Homeless Coalition of Hillsborough County. Her group received the maximum grant, $150,000. The Coalition works with all populations of homeless individuals, including homeless students.
âTheyâre often the forgotten homeless.The secretary mentioned ⦠2,300 homeless children in the school system last year. Right now the school district knows of 500 since the start of the school year just a few weeks ago.â
Butterworth explained what those grants might be used for in addition to helping homeless students.
âIt will be used also for older people, it will be used for food. It depends upon which one of the coalitions ... think they could use the money best. Obviously this is not all of the money they get all year but itâs part of the money and weâre hoping to help as many as we can.
"We have 60,000 people on any given day, in Florida, at least, that are homeless and 12,000 of those children between infancy and the age of 18. Thatâs a lot of people and fortunately there are many community activities that do help the homeless and we just try to do our part,â Butterworth said.
Weikel of the Homeless Coalition of Hillsborough described several ways her group will use the grant money they received.
âWell, in Hillsborough County, weâll be using the funding to assist families from becoming homeless with assistance with rent and mortgage and utilities. And then helping families and individuals get into permanent housing with that funding, thereâs that same type of assistance with rent, mortgage, deposits and all that stuff, because ... if we prevent homelessness, it doesnât grow.âcomments powered by Disqus


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Armored Saint
Los Angeles, California's Armored Saint will join back up with the legendary Saxon for some additional shows in the US this fall to continue touring in support of their highly acclaimed seventh studio album 'Win Hands Down'.Read More
Cattle Decapitation
Cattle Decapitation Unveils New Track 'Mammals In Babylon' From Forthcoming Full-Length Via Revolver Magazine. Massive Summer Slaughter Contest Launched and Album Party Show draws near.Read More
Revocation will hit the road this September and October. The tour, which is being presented by Gear Gods, featured support from Cannabis Corpse, Archspire, and Black Fast.Read More
Today the band unleashes another scorching track from 'Rise To Power'. Loudwire is exclusively premiering the song entitled 'Spoiled'. Get your first listen to the track HERE.Read More
Twitching Tongues
Twitching Tongues recently flew across the Atlantic to perform a string of dates across Europe with fellow SoCal hardcore act, Disgrace. The tour included a June 19th performance at the tenth anniversary edition of Hellfest.Read More
The Black Dahlia Murder
The Black Dahlia Murder have returned with the much-anticipated, new full-length album 'Abysmal'. The world's first look into 'Abysmal' is via the track, 'Vlad, Son of The Dragon,' which is streaming now.Read More
Between the Buried and Me
Progressive metal band Between the Buried and Me have premiered the third single from 'Coma Ecliptic'! The track, titled 'Famine Wolf', is streaming now on Metal Injection!Read More
New Releases
Upcoming Releases
Latest News
New Details Emerge Regarding This Year's Gwar-B-Q, The Spew-O-Lympics, And Much More
- June 28th, 2013 – (Artist Rendition of Typical GWAR Fan Before and...Read More
BATTLECROSS launch "Flesh and Bone" lyric video on RevolverMag.com!
- June 27th, 2013 – BATTLECROSS have released a brand new lyric video,...Read More
Amon Amarth "Deceiver of the Gods" In Stores Now
"Deceiver of the Gods" Available Everywhere Now. Click HERE to find a store near you!Read More
BEYOND THE SHORE announce tour with FIT FOR AN AUTOPSY and LEGION
- June 26th, 2013 – Lexington, KY's Beyond the Shore will be...Read More
HIDDEN MASTERS "Of This and Other Worlds" to be released on August 6th via Metal Blade/Rise Above
- June 26th, 2013 – Rise Above Records has unearthed some of best and...Read More
THE BLACK DAHLIA MURDER debut "Goat of Departure" music video
- June 24th, 2013 – THE BLACK DAHLIA MURDER have unleashed their brand...Read More
Metal Blade Japan/Howling Bull set to release upcoming DEVILDRIVER album "Winter Kills"
- June 24th, 2013 – "Winter Kills" set for August 28...Read More
EXUMER to co-headline 'Slaughterfest Tour 2013′ in Europe alongside ONSLAUGHT!
- June 24th, 2013 – Support comes from M-PIRE OF EVIL and...Read More


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Jump to content
08 November 2013 - 10:38 AM
After about a 7 month break from the hobby, it has struck me again. Doing a 69 Camaro LS3 swap for the Cannonball Run CBP.
So glad to be back into it!
17 April 2013 - 08:20 AM
Need to take a break.
Don't know when I'll come back to building, but I will at some point. It's far too stressful for someone like me who has a temper. Between working on my 1:1, school, and job, I just simply don't have a lot of time right now.
I'll still check back on the forum once in a while, but for now I'm boxing all my models till I get the "bug" again.
30 November 2012 - 02:43 PM
Built this one for the Cannonball Run down in the CBP section.
Some of the things I tried on this build might have been a bit over my head, so that's why some things look Mickey Mouse But I had a good time building it.
Thanks for looking!
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The Multi-purpose Hall is suitable for meetings, lectures, conferences, receptions, product launches, film festivals etc.
• It is possible to arrange for Guests to enjoy the exhibitions taking place at
the Museum, with or without guidance in Icelandic or English. This needs
to be arranged in advance.
• The Art Museum is responsible for cleaning the facilities before and after events.
• Floor area 100 m².
• Ceiling height 7 meters.
• During the Museums closing hours the size of the Multi-purpose Hall can be
increased by opening large doors.
• In seating rows, 80 guests.
• Seated at tables, 50 guests.
• Standing, 150 guests.
For further details contact:
Björg Atladóttir email@example.com
Phone: +354 590 1200
Printed of the web Reykjvik Art Museum, www.reykjvikartmuseum.is 05.01.2015


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The School Counselor's Study Guide for Credentialing Exams
By Rita Schellenberg
Routledge – 2012 – 516 pages
Routledge – 2012 – 516 pages
The School Counselor's Study Guide for Credentialing Exams is the only study guide on the market based on the ASCA School Counselor Competencies, CACREP Standards, NBCC NCSCE content requirements, and the NCATE and NBPTS Standards. Designed to help users build knowledge and skills that are transferrable to any test format, it can be used to prepare for the NCSCE, Praxis II School Counseling Specialty Exam, NBPTS School Counseling national certification exam, Comprehensive School Counselor Education program exams, and state certification exams for professional school counseling. Each chapter aligns with one of the eight CACREP content areas for school counseling and covers in depth the material necessary to succeed on any of the exams. Also included in each chapter are case scenarios, guided reflection questions, and actual exam practice questions. A full-length practice exam is provided at the end with answers and explanations for correct and incorrect responses. Additional resources include a glossary of important terms and lists of ethical codes and competencies for various school counseling related organizations. Students and professionals seeking a professional school counselor credential will find this to be an invaluable tool in their exam preparation.
"[This guide] bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge, practice, and certification. Regardless of a school counselor's professional aspirations, this book will enhance the counselor's professional development. This comprehensive resource should be included in every professional library." - From the Foreword by Sylinda Gilchrist-Banks, EdD, 2012-2013 President, American School Counselor Association; Associate Professor, Norfolk State University
"Dr. Schellenberg is one of the most dedicated, thorough, and enthusiastic school counselor educators I know. These traits are evident in this comprehensive and complete study guide she has written to help school counselors prepare for the examination required for the NCSC credential." - Theodore P. Remley, Jr., PhD, Professor and Batten Endowed Chair in Counseling, Old Dominion University
"From clear explanations of the purpose of each exam, to standards alignment and cognitive mapping study tips, motivated practitioners and school counselors in training can find everything that is needed to confidently prepare for school counseling credentialing exams." - Carol Dahir, EdD, Professor and Chair, School Counseling Department, New York Institute of Technology
"This text weaves current school counseling theory, research, and practice into one well-organized and comprehensive volume, a monumental task in itself. Preservice and inservice counselors preparing for relevant credentialing exams will find the narrative quite informative and readable, replete with helpful practical applications." - Christopher Sink, PhD, NCC, Professor of Counselor Education, Seattle Pacific University
The Foundations of School Counseling. Counseling Prevention and Intervention. Diversity and Advocacy. Assessment. Research and Evaluation. Academic Development. Collaboration and Consultation. Leadership. Full Length Practice Exam. Answers to Practice Exam.
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The science of ornithology has a long history and studies on birds aided the introduction and refinement of key concepts in evolution, behaviour and ecology such as those of species, speciation, instinct, learning, ecological niches, guilds, island biogeography, phylogeography and conservation. While early ornithology was principally concerned with descriptions and distributions of species, ornithologists today concern themselves with answering specific questions, often using birds as models to test hypotheses and predictions based on theory. A wide range of tools and techniques are used in ornithology and innovations are constantly made.
Humans must have observed birds from the earliest times, and stone age drawings are among the oldest indications of interest in birds. Birds were perhaps important as a food source, and bones of as many as 80 species have been found in excavations of early Stone Age settlements.
Cultures around the world have rich vocabularies related to birds. Traditional bird names are often based on detailed knowledge of the behaviour, with many names being onomatopoeic, many still in use. Traditional knowledge continues to be of importance especially due to their relevance in conservation. Most of this information is passed on through oral traditions (see ethno-ornithology). Hunting of birds would also have required considerable knowledge of their habits. Poultry farming and falconry were practised from early times in many parts of the world. Artificial incubation of poultry was practised in China (246 BC) and Egypt (at least 400 BC). The Egyptians also showed a great deal of knowledge of birds through their use of bird symbols in hieroglyphs, many of which, though stylized, are still recognizable.
Some of the early written records provide valuable information on past distributions of species. For instance Xenophon records the abundance of the Ostrich in Assyria (Anabasis, i. 5), the subspecies there is extinct with the remaining Ostrich races being found only in Africa. The Vedas (1500-800 BC) mention the habit of brood parasitism by the Asian Koel (Eudynamys scolopacea). The early art of China, Japan, Persia and India included illustrations of birds made with great accuracy, a field that developed later in other parts of the world. David Lack wrote in his Review of Fine Bird Books, 1700-1900 (reprinted in Enjoying Ornithology, 1965):
It must be remembered that, while [John] Gould himself was a skilled craftsman, many of the books that bear his name were illustrated by others, including H. C. Richter, Edward Lear and Joseph Wolf. Indeed, some would regard the last-named as the greatest bird illustrator, particularly in his birds of prey, which combine accuracy with power. One must, I think, qualify this statement by 'of the western world', because the paintings from India and China surpass anything that the West has yet produced, and only these, perhaps, come in the category of great art.
Aristotle in 350 BC in his Historia Animalium noted the habit of bird migration, moulting, egg laying and life spans. He also introduced several incorrect concepts such as the idea that swallows hibernated in winter. He however noted that cranes travelled from the steppes of Scythia to the marshes at the headwaters of the Nile. The idea of swallow hibernation became so well established that, even as late as in 1878, Elliott Coues listed as many as 182 contemporary publications dealings with the hibernation of swallows and no evidence to contradict the theory. Similar misconceptions existed regarding the breeding of Barnacle geese. Their nests had not been seen and it was believed that they grew by transformations of goose barnacles, an idea that became prevalent from around the 11th century and noted by Bishop Giraldus Cambrensis (Gerald of Wales) in Topographia Hiberniae (1187).
The origins of falconry have been traced to Mesopotamia and the earliest record comes from the reign of Sargon II (722–705 BC). Falconry made its entry to Europe only after AD 400, brought in from the East after invasions by the Huns and Allans. Frederick II of Hohenstaufen (1194 – 1250) learnt about Arabian falconry during wars in the region and obtained an Arabic treatise on falconry by Moamyn. He had this work translated into Latin and also conducted experiments on birds in his menagerie. By sealing the eyes of vultures and placing food nearby, he concluded that they found food by sight, and not by smell. He also developed methods to keep and train falcons. The studies that he undertook over nearly 30 years, were published in 1240 as De Arte Venandi cum Avibus (The Art of Hunting with Birds), considered one of the earliest studies on bird behaviour.
Several early German and French scholars compiled old works and conducted new research on birds. These included Guillaume Rondelet who described his observations in the Mediterranean and Pierre Belon who described the fish and birds that he had seen in France and the Levant. Belon's Book of Birds (1555) is a folio volume with descriptions of some two hundred species. His comparison of the skeleton of humans and birds is considered as a landmark in comparative anatomy. Volcher Coiter (1534-1576), a Dutch anatomist made detailed studies of the internal structures of birds and produced a classification of birds, De Diferentiis Avium (around 1572), that was based on structure and habits. Konrad Gesner wrote the Vogelbuch and Icones avium omnium around 1557. Like Gesner, Ulisse Aldrovandi, an encyclopedic naturalist began a 14-volume natural history with three volumes on birds, entitled ornithologiae hoc est de avibus historiae libri XII which was published from 1599 to 1603. Aldrovandi showed great interest in plants and animals and his work included 3000 drawings of fruits, flowers, plants and animals, published in 363 volumes. His Ornithology alone covers 2000 pages and included such aspects as the chicken and poultry techniques.William Turner's Historia Avium ("History of Birds"), published at Cologne in 1544, was another early ornithological work. He notes that the kite in cities of England would snatch the meat out of the hands of children. In his day the Osprey was well known but disliked for it was believed to empty their fishponds; anglers used to mix their bait with its fat. Turner's work was written in a tone that reflected violent times; quite unlike Gilbert White's The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne which was written in a more tranquil era. In the 17th century Francis Willughby (1635-1672) and John Ray (1627-1705) came up with the first major system of bird classification that was based on function and morphology rather than on form or behavior. Willughby's Ornithologiae libri tres (1676) completed by John Ray is sometimes considered to mark the beginning of scientific ornithology. Ray also worked on Ornithologia which was published posthumously in 1713 as Synopsis methodica avium et piscium. The earliest list of British birds, Pinax Rerum Naturalium Britannicarum was written by Christopher Merrett in 1667, however it was not considered of value by many including John Ray.
Towards the late 1700s, Mathurin Jacques Brisson (1723-1806) and Comte de Buffon (1707-1788) began new works on birds. Brisson produced a six-volume work Ornithologie in 1760 and Buffon's included nine volumes (volumes 16-24) on birds Histoire naturelle des oiseaux (1770-1785) in his work on science Histoire naturelle générale et particulière (1749-1804). Coenraad Jacob Temminck (1778 - 1858) sponsored François Le Vaillant [1753-1824] to collect bird specimens in Africa and this resulted in Le Vaillant's six-volume Histoire naturelle des oiseaux d'Afrique (1796-1808). Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot (1748-1831) spent ten years studying North American birds and wrote the Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amerique septentrionale (1807-1808?). Vieillot pioneered in the use of life-histories and habits in classification.
It was not until the Victorian era—with the emergence of the gun, the concept of natural history, and the collection of natural objects such as bird eggs and skins—that ornithology emerged as a specialized science. This specialization led to the formation in Britain of the British Ornithologists' Union in 1858. In 1859 the members founded its journal The Ibis. The sudden spurt in ornithology was also due in part to colonization. A hundred years later, in 1959, R. E. Moreau noted that ornithology in this period was preoccupied with the geographical distributions of various species of birds.
The bird collectors of the Victorian era observed the variations in bird forms and habits across geographic regions, noting local specialization and variation in widespread species. The collections of museums and private collectors grew with contributions from various parts of the world. The naming of species with binomials and the organization of birds into groups based on their similarities became the main work of museum specialists. The variations in widespread birds across geographical region caused the introduction of trinomial names.
The search for patterns in the variations of birds was attempted by many. Early ornithologists like William Swainson followed the Quinarian system and this was replaced by more complex "maps" of affinities in works by Hugh Edwin Strickland and Alfred Russell Wallace.
The Galapagos finches were especially influential in the development of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. His contemporary Alfred Russel Wallace also noted these variations and the geographical separations between different forms leading to the study of biogeography. Wallace was influenced by the work of Philip Lutley Sclater on the distribution patterns of birds.
For Darwin, the problem was how species arose from a common ancestor, but he did not attempt to find rules for delineation of species. The species problem, was tackled by the ornithologist Ernst Mayr. Mayr was able to demonstrate that geographical isolation and the accumulation of genetic differences led to the splitting of species.
Early ornithologists were preoccupied with matters of species identification. In 1901 Robert Ridgway wrote in the introduction to The Birds of North and Middle America that: This early idea that the study of living birds was merely recreation held sway until ecological theories became the predominant focus of ornithological studies. The study of birds in their habitats was particularly advanced in Germany with bird ringing stations established as early as 1903. By the 1920s the Journal für Ornithologie included many papers on the behavior, ecology, anatomy and physiology, many written by Erwin Stresemann. Ornithology in the United States continued to dominated by studies of morphological variations, species identities and geographic distributions, until it was influenced by Stresemann's student Ernst Mayr. In Britain, some of the earliest ornithological works that used the word ecology appeared in 1915. The Ibis however resisted the introduction of these new methods of study and it was not until 1943 that any paper on ecology appeared. The work of David Lack on population ecology was pioneering. Newer quantitative approaches were introduced for the study of ecology and behavior and this was not readily accepted. For instance, Claud Ticehurst wrote: David Lack's studies on population ecology sought to find the processes involved in the regulation of population based on the evolution of optimal clutch sizes. He concluded that population was regulated primarily by density-dependent controls, and also suggested that natural selection produces life-history traits that maximize the fitness of individuals. Others like Wynne-Edwards interpreted population regulation as a mechanism that aided the "species" rather than individuals. This led to widespread and sometimes bitter debate on what constituted the "unit of selection". Lack also pioneered the use of many new tools for ornithological research including the idea of using radar to study bird migration.
Birds were also widely used in studies of the niche hypothesis and Georgii Gause's competitive exclusion principle. Work on resource partitioning and the structuring of bird communities through competition were made by Robert MacArthur. Patterns of biodiversity also became a topic interest. Work on the relationship of the number of species to area and its application in the study of Island biogeography was pioneered by E. O. Wilson and Robert MacArthur. These studies led to the development of the discipline of landscape ecology.
John Hurrell Crook studied the behaviour of weaverbirds and demonstrated the links between ecological conditions, behaviour and social systems. Principles from economics were introduced into the study of biology by J. L. Brown. This led to the study of behaviour using cost-benefit analyses. The rising interest in sociobiology also led to a spurt of bird studies in this area.
The study of imprinting behaviour in ducks and geese by Konrad Lorenz and the studies of instinct in Herring Gulls by Nicolaas Tinbergen, led to the establishment of the field of ethology. The study of learning became particularly of interest and the study of bird song has been a model for studies in neuro-ethology. The role of hormones and physiology in the control of behaviour has also been aided by bird models. These have helped in the study of circadian and seasonal cycles. Studies on migration have attempted to answer questions on the evolution of migration, orientation and navigation.
The growth of genetics and the rise of molecular biology led to the application of the gene-centered view of evolution to explain avian phenomena. Studies on kinship and altruism, such as helpers, became of particular interest. The idea of inclusive fitness was used to interpret observations on behaviour and life-history and birds were widely used models for testing hypotheses based on theories postulated by W. D. Hamilton and others.
The new tools of molecular-biology changed the study of bird systematics. Systematics changed from being based on phenotype to the underlying genotype. The use of techniques such as DNA-DNA hybridization to study evolutionary relationships was pioneered by Charles Sibley and Jon Edward Ahlquist resulting in what is called the Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy. These early techniques have been replaced by newer techniques based on mitochondrial DNA sequences and molecular phylogenetics approaches that make use of computational procedures for sequence alignment, construction of phylogenetic trees and calibration of molecular clocks to infer evolutionary relationships. Molecular techniques are also widely used in studies of avian population biology and ecology.
The use of field glasses or telescopes for bird observation began in the 1820s and 1830s with pioneers like J. Dovaston (who also pioneered in the use of bird-feeders), but it was not until the 1880s that instruction manuals began to insist on the use of optical aids such as "a first-class telescope" or "field glass.
The rise of field guides for the identification of birds was another major innovation. The early guides were large and cumbersome and were mainly focussed on identifying specimens in the hand. The earliest of the new generation of field guides was prepared by Florence Merriam, sister of Clinton Hart Merriam, the mammalogist. This was published in 1887 in a series Hints to Audubon Workers:Fifty Birds and How to Know Them in Grinnell's Audubon Magazine. These were followed by new field guides including classics by Roger Tory Peterson.
The interest in birdwatching grew in popularity in many parts of the world and it was realized that there was a possibility for amateurs to contribute to the professional biology. As early as 1916, Julian Huxley wrote a two part article in the Auk, noting the tensions between amateurs and professionals and suggesting the possibility that the "vast army of bird-lovers and bird-watchers could begin providing the data scientists needed to address the fundamental problems of biology.
Organizations were started in many countries and these grew rapdily in membership, most notable among them being the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) in Britain and the Audubon Society in the US. The Audubon Society started in 1885. Both these organization were started with the primary objective of conservation. The RSPB, born in 1889, grew from a small group of women in Croydon who met regularly and called themselves the Fur, Fin and Feather Folk and who took a pledge "to refrain from wearing the feathers of any birds not killed for the purpose of food, the Ostrich only exempted." The organization did not allow men as members initially, avenging a policy of the British Ornithologists' Union to keep out women. Unlike the RSPB, which was primarily conservation oriented, the British Trust for Ornithology (BTO) was started in 1933 with the aim of advancing ornithological research. Members were often involved in collaborative ornithological projects. These projects have resulted in atlases which detail the distribution of bird species across Britain. In the United States, the Breeding Bird Surveys, conducted by the US Geological Survey have also produced atlases with information on breeding densities and changes in the density and distribution over time. Other volunteer collaborative ornithology projects were subsequently established in other parts of the world.
The earliest approaches to bird study involved the collection of eggs. While collecting became a pastime for many amateurs, the labels associated with these early egg collections made them unreliable for the serious study of bird breeding. In order to preserve eggs, a tiny hole was pierced and the contents were extracted out. This technique became standard with the invention of the blow drill around 1830. Egg collection is no longer popular, however historic museum collections have been of value in determining the effect of pesticides such as DDT. Museum bird collections continue to act as a resource for taxonomic studies.
The use of bird skins to document species has been a standard part of systematic ornithology. Bird skins are prepared by retaining the key bones of the wings, leg and skull along with the skin and feathers. In the past, they were treated with arsenic to prevent fungal and insect (mostly Dermestidae) attack. Arsenic being toxic was later replaced by borax. Sportsmen became familiar with these skinning techniques and started sending in their skins to museums, some of them from far away locations. This led to the formation of huge collections of bird skins in Museums in Europe and North America. Many private collections were also formed. These became references for comparison of species and the ornithologists at these museums were able to compare species from different locations, often places that they themselves never visited. Morphometrics of these skins, particularly the lengths of the tarsus, bill, tail and wing became important in the descriptions of bird species. These skin collections have been utilized in more recent times for studies on molecular phylogenetics by the extraction of ancient DNA. The importance of type specimens in the description of species make skin collections a vital resource for systematic ornithology. However, with the rise of molecular techniques, it has now become possible to establish the species status of rare discoveries such as the Bulo Burti Boubou Laniarius liberatus and the Bugun Liocichla Liocichla bugunorum using blood, DNA and feather samples as the holotype material.
Other methods of preservation include the storage of specimens in spirit. Such wet-specimens have special value in physiological and anatomical study, apart from providing better quality of DNA for molecular studies. Freeze drying of specimens has also been attempted in more recent times. While the technique has advantages in that it preserves stomach contents and anatomy, it may have the same problems as dry skins in that shrinkage can occur leading to errors in morphometrics.
The capture and marking of birds enables detailed studies of life-history. Techniques for capturing birds are varied and include the use of bird liming for perching birds, mist nets for woodland birds, cannon netting for open area flocking birds, the Bal chattri for raptors, decoys and funnel traps for water birds.
The bird in the hand may be examined for measurements including standard lengths and weight. Feather moult and skull ossification provide indications of age and health. Sex can be determined by examination of anatomy in some sexually non-dimorphic species. Blood samples may be drawn to determine hormonal conditions in studies of physiology, identify DNA markers for studying genetics and kinship in studies of breeding biology and phylogeography. Blood may also be used to pathogens and arthropod borne viruses. Ectoparasites may be collected for studies of coevolution and zoonoses. In many of cryptic species, measurements (such as the relative lengths of wing feathers in warblers) are vital in establshing identity.
Captured birds are often marked for future recognition. Rings or bands provide long-lasting identification but require capture for the information on them to be read. Field identifiable marks such as coloured bands, wing tags or dyes enable short-term studies where individual identification is required. Mark and recapture techniques make demographic studies possible. Ringing has traditionally been used in the study of migration. In recent times satellite transmitters provide the ability to track migrating birds in near real-time.
Techniques for estimating population density include point counts, transects and territory mapping. Observations are made in the field using carefully designed protocols and the data may be analysed to estimate bird diversity, relative abundance or absolute population densities. These methods may be used repeatedly over large time spans to monitor changes in the environment. Camera traps have been found to be a useful tool for the detection and documentation of elusive species, nest predators and in the quantitative analysis of frugivory, seed dispersal and behaviour.
Many aspects of bird biology are difficult to study in the field. These include the study of behavioural and physiological changes that require a long duration of access to the bird. Non-destructive samples of blood or feathers taken during field studies may be studied in the laboratory. For instance, the variation in the ratios of stable hydrogen isotopes across latitudes makes it possible to roughly establish the origins of migrant birds using mass spectroscopic analysis of feather samples. These techniques can be used in combination with other techniques such as ringing.
The first attenuated vaccine developed by Louis Pasteur was for fowl cholera and was tested on poultry in 1878. Poultry continues to be used as a model for many studies in non-mammalian immunology.
Studies in bird behaviour include the use of tamed and trained birds in captivity. Studies on bird intelligence and song learning have been largely laboratory based. Field researchers may make use of a wide range of techniques such as the use of dummy owls to elicit mobbing behaviour, dummy males or the use of call playback to elicit territorial behaviour and thereby to establish the boundaries of bird territories.
Studies of bird migration including aspects of navigation, orientation and physiology are often studied using captive birds in special cages that record their activities. The Emlen funnel for instance makes use of a cage with an inkpad at the centre and a conical floor where the ink marks can be counted to identify the direction in which the bird attempts to fly. The funnel can have a transparent top and visible cues such as the direction of sunlight may be controlled using mirrors or the positions of the stars simulated in a planetarium.
The entire genome of the domestic fowl Gallus gallus was sequenced in 2004 and work is on to sequence the the Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata). Such whole genome sequencing projects allow for studies on evolutionary processes involved in species relatedness and divergence. Associations between the expression of genes and behaviour may be studied using candidate genes. Variations in the exploratory behaviour of Great Tits (Parus major) have been found to be linked with a gene orthologous to the human gene Drd4 (Dopamine receptor D4) which is known to be associated with novelty-seeking behaviour. The role of gene expression in developmental differences and morphological variations have been studied in Darwin's finches. The difference in the expression of Bmp4 have been shown to be associated with changes in the growth and shape of the beak.
With the widespread interest in birds, it has been possible to use a large number of people to work on collaborative ornithological projects that cover large geographic scales. These citizen science projects include nation-wide projects such as the Christmas Bird Count, Backyard Bird Count, the North American Breeding Bird Survey, the Canadian EPOQ or regional projects such as the Asian Waterfowl Census. These projects help to identify distributions of birds, their population densities and changes over time, arrival and departure dates of migration, breeding seasonality and even population genetics. The results of many of these projects are published as bird atlases. Studies of migration using bird ringing or colour marking often involve the cooperation of people and organizations in different countries.
The role of some species of birds as pests has been well known, particularly in agriculture. Granivorous birds such as the Queleas in Africa have been among the most numerous birds in the world and foraging flocks can cause devastation. Many insectivorous birds are also noted as beneficial in agriculture. Many early studies on the benefits or damages caused by birds in fields were made by analysis of stomach contents and observation of feeding behaviour. Modern studies aimed to manage birds in agriculture make use of a wide range of principles from ecology. Intensive aquaculture has brought humans in conflict with fish-eating birds such as cormorants.
Large flocks of pigeons and starlings in cities are often considered as a nuisance and techniques to reduce their populations or their impacts are constantly innovated. Birds are also of medical importance and their role as carriers of human diseases such as Japanese Encephalitis, West Nile Virus and H5N1 have been widely recognised. Bird strikes and the damage they cause in aviation are of particularly great importance, due to the fatal consequences and the level of economic losses caused. It has been estimated that the airline industry incurs worldwide damages of US $ 1.2 billion each year.
Many species of birds have been driven to extinction by human activities. Bird conservation requires specialized knowledge in aspects of biology, ecology and may require the use of very location specific approaches. Ornithologists contribute to conservation biology by studying the ecology of birds in the wild and identifying the key threats and ways of enhancing the survival of species. Critically endangered species such as the California Condor have had to be captured and bred in captivity. Such ex-situ conservation measures may be followed by re-introduction of the species into the wild.


text: The Proteus wiki last edited by Deathawk on 01/20/14 09:20PM View full history OverviewProteus is an ambient, exploration based game in which the player explores a procedurally-generated island. Heavy emphasis is placed on the audio component of the game. The player's proximity to various objects, animals, and geological formations affect the soundtrack and audio score.The game was released via Steam for PC and Mac on January 30, 2013. PlayStation 3 and Vita versions will be cross buy and are due out Autumn 2013.AestheticVisualsMuch out of the ordinary occurs in Proteus' skies.Proteus employs a stylized, pixelated visual style. Gameplay takes place on a single island, but under certain circumstances time moves forward by a season, causing the terrain to shift between Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter. Occasionally the player is exposed to psychedelic effects that link up with the audio experience.Although the game is 3D, much of the objects the player sees are made up of 2D planes. Animals, the leaves of trees, and the sun and moon "billboard" towards the player so that they always appear to face the camera.AudioWinter in Proteus carries a different musical theme than Summer.A primary focus of Proteus is the sound design. As the player moves throughout the island, he or she encounters many objects, animals, structures, and geographic features. Each of these influences the game's soundtrack created by David Kanaga. The player experiences the island in each of 4 seasons, each with their own emotional tenor and theme.ReceptionProteus is the IndieCade 2011 winner for Best Audio, an IGF 2012 Nuevo Finalist, the Amaze 2012 "Most Amazing Game," and an official selection for Lunarcade 2011.System RequirementsPCMinimumOS: Windows XP SP3Processor: 1.8GHzMemory: 3 GB RAMGraphics: Intel HD Graphics 3000Hard Drive: 100 MB HD spaceRecommendedProcessor: 2.2GHz Dual CoreMemory: 4 GB RAMGraphics: 512 MB NVidia or ATI graphics cardHard Drive: 100 MB HD spaceMacMinimumOS: 10.6Processor: 1.8GHzMemory: 3 GB RAMGraphics: Intel HD Graphics 3000Hard Drive: 250 MB HD spaceRecommendedProcessor: 2.2 GHzMemory: 4 GB RAMGraphics: 512 MB NVidia or ATI graphics cardHard Drive: 250 MB HD spaceLinuxMinimumOS: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, Mint 13 LTS, Fedora 16, fully updated Processor: 1.8GHz Memory: 3 GB RAM Graphics: Intel HD Graphics 3000 Hard Drive: 250 MB HD spaceRecommendedOS: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, Mint 13 LTS, Fedora 16, fully updated Processor: 2.2 GHz Memory: 4 GB RAM Graphics: 512 MB NVidia or ATI graphics card Hard Drive: 250 MB HD space