text:
A paging device includes a cryptographic function and a password accessed cryptographic key look-up table associating each stored key with a password. When an cryptographic message is collected by the paging device, the user can select a relatively long cryptographic key by entering a relatively shorter password. The paging device then applies a cryptographic function to a received message using a selected relatively long cryptographic key, the selection being a function of user entry of a relatively short password. Overall, paging messages in transit, i.e., while broadcast by radio signal, enjoy a high level of security by encryption with a relatively long cryptographic key by a message source. As accessed by the user, however, the cryptographic messages are reviewed in readable form by use of a relatively short password designating a relatively long stored cryptographic key.
1. A paging device adapted to operate in a paging system which receives a message from a message source and which transmits said message to said paging-device, an improvement comprising the combination of:
message receiving means in said paging device for receiving said transmitted message;
memory storage means in said paging device for holding a plurality of pairs of associated values, each pair including a short password and a long cryptographic key, each short password being short relative to the associated long cryptographic key;
manual entry means in said paging device for enabling manual entry and storage in said storage means of said pairs of short passwords and long cryptographic keys,
each particular message received by said receiving means being encrypted in accordance with one of said long cryptographic keys,
input means operable upon receipt of a particular message for obtaining from a user of said paging device said short password associated with the long cryptographic key used to encrypt said particular message;
logic means for selecting the long cryptographic key associated with said short password; and
transformation logic for applying said long cryptographic key to said message to transform said message to an alternate version of said message, and presenting said alternate version of said message for display.
2. An improvement according to claim 1 wherein said paging device further comprises:
second memory storage for holding a plurality of previously received messages;
a user interface for allowing a user to select a stored message, select a cryptographic key value by providing the associated short password, apply the selected stored message and selected cryptographic key value to said message transformation function, and view the alternate version of said selected stored message.
3. An improvement according to claim 1 wherein said message includes a marker designating a first and a second portion of said message, said first portion to be transformed, said second portion not to be transformed, and said message transformation function provides as a corresponding alternate version an alternate of said first portion and said second portion unaltered.
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/124,316, filed Sep. 20, 1993 which is now abandoned.
The invention relates generally to communication devices, and particularly to paging devices including cryptographic messages and paging device management thereof.
Paging devices are evolving into information terminals, providing more than merely a "beep" or a telephone number to be called in response to the page. In particular, paging devices can display alpha-numeric pages bearing a variety of messages. Also, by prearrangement with a message source, meaningful information can be encoded into the form of a telephone number or given pattern of digit presentation to convey, by such prearrangement, meaningful information beyond a telephone number to called. Security with respect to information delivered to a paging device is desirable because paging devices can receive for display and storage confidential information, e.g., bank account balance information or a variety of other information the receiver considers confidential.
Security with respect to message display and device access in a paging device has been proposed wherein the user enters a password before the paging device displays certain designated messages, or before the device exits a "lockout" mode. For example, see U.S. Pat. No. 5,146,217 issued Sep. 8, 1992 to Holmes et al and entitled SELECTIVE CALL RECEIVER HAVING CONFIDENTIAL MESSAGE READ PROTECTION. Unfortunately, such arrangement does not protect the confidentiality of messages when broadcast by radio signal to the paging device. By modifying radio receiving and data processing equipment to match the broadcast protocol of a given paging system, an adversary can simply eavesdrop on the radio signal broadcast and obtain confidential information.
Paging devices are generally small, miniaturized radio receiving devices including, to the extent possible in such miniaturized devices, certain user interface resources, e.g., a display and several control buttons. Unfortunately, such control buttons are generally a limited resource in a miniaturized paging device. For example, paging devices have been successfully miniaturized into the form of a wristwatch paging device. Under such extreme miniaturization, few control buttons are practical. Accordingly, requiring that the user engage in complex user interface activity becomes unacceptable with limited control button resources. As may be appreciated, any features added to a paging device should make the most efficient use possible of existing paging device resources, and preferably not require additional device resources.
The subject matter of the present invention addresses the problem of security in a paging system by providing a mechanism for secure message transmission and management with low user interface overhead allowing implementation with limited control button resources.
In accordance with the present invention, a message source can deliver to the user of a paging device cryptographic messages. The paging device includes a cryptographic function and a table of user created passwords each in association with a cryptographic key. The user applies a message and a selected cryptographic key to the cryptographic function to decrypt and display the message provided by the message source. Because the user must provide a password to obtain access to the cryptographic key, unauthorized use of the paging device to review cryptographically secure messages is prevented. Because the messages can be encrypted against very long keys, the message in transmission enjoys a high degree of security, but the user need not enter such long keys to decrypt the messages so long as the user has the appropriate password to obtain access to a stored copy of the required cryptographic key.
The subject matter of the present invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of this specification. However, both the organization and method of operation of the invention, together with further advantages and objects thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description taken with the accompanying drawings wherein like reference characters refer to like elements.
For a better understanding of the invention, and to show how the same may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates a sending message source and a receiving paging device communicating confidentially by way of a paging system with an adversary monitoring the radio broadcast of paging information.
FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate display screens and a method for creating a password accessed cryptographic key table used by the receiving paging device of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating programming of the paging device of FIG. 1 allowing the user to selectively apply a cryptographic function to a newly arrived message.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating programming of the paging device of FIG. 1 allowing the paging device to detect need for a cryptographic function and allow the user to selectively apply a cryptographic function to a newly arrived message.
FIG. 5A illustrates a method of indicating need for a cryptographic function relative to a portion of a paging message string.
FIGS. 5B and 5C are screen displays illustrating use of partial encryption and decryption relative to a paging message string.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating programming of the paging device of FIG. 1 relative to partial encryption and decryption of paging message strings.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating programming of the paging device of FIG. 1 relative to message display and selected encryption and decryption of stored paging message strings.
FIG. 8 illustrates processing in the paging device of FIG. 1 relative to storage disposition of newly received messages.
FIG. 9 illustrates a modification relative to the processing of FIG. 7 providing an escape sequence feature with respect to a cryptographic function.
FIG. 10 illustrates a proposed cryptographic function to be implemented in the paging device of FIG. 1.
FIG. 1 illustrates generally a paging system 10 including a clearinghouse 12 receiving paging messages from message source 14 and producing a radio signal broadcast 16 by way of transmission facilities 18. A plurality of paging devices 20, one being shown in FIG. 1, operate within the radio signal broadcast 16 and receive paging messages by way of system 10. Each paging device 20 includes a display 24 and control buttons 26, individually 26a-26d. As may be appreciated, each paging device 20 includes processing components and hardware resources for receiving information from radio signal 16 according to a given paging system 10 protocol, monitoring user manipulation of buttons 26, and presenting information on display 24 according to device 20 programming.
Also illustrated in FIG. 1, an adversary 28 operating within paging system 10 monitors radio signal 16 with sufficient knowledge of system 10 protocol to collect and analyze data from radio signal 16. Furthermore, adversary 28 can, with relatively common knowledge and equipment, collect an entire stream of broadcast information and analyze items addressed to a given paging device 20. Thus, all messages sent to a given paging device 20 could be collected and reviewed by adversary 28.
In accordance with the present invention, however, message source 14 submits cryptographic information to clearinghouse 12 for broadcast in the radio signal 16. Clearinghouse 12 handles the cryptographic message as any other message, there being no need for special handling or manipulation by clearinghouse 12.
Message source 14 has sufficient processing ability to produce the cryptographic message string 30 by applying a readable text string 32 and a chosen key 36 to a cryptographic function 34. As may be appreciated, message source 14 must provide to function 34 a designated cryptographic key 36. Once message string 30 is produced, message source 14 submits message string 30 along with a receiver identification string 38 to clearinghouse 12. In particular, message source 14 establishes a modem/data link with clearinghouse 12 for the purpose of direct message submission according to a given paging message submission convention. For example, one defacto standard is known as the Personal Communications Industry Association "Telocator Alpha Protocol" (TAP).
Clearinghouse 12 uses the receiver identification string 38 to designate one of paging devices 20, specified by a PAGER-- ID 40. Thus, radio signal 16 provides in association PAGER-- ID 40 and message string 30 according to a paging system 10 transmission protocol. Paging devices 20 then use the PAGER-- ID 40 as a basis for accepting or declining message 30. As may be appreciated, the broadcast signal 16 would include additional information in association with the PAGER-- ID 40 and message 30, e.g., error correcting codes, but not relevant to the present discussion.
As may be appreciated, if a message 30 arrives at a paging device 20 in cryptographic form, device 20 should have a decryption function and key corresponding to the encryption function and key used by originating message source 14. Furthermore, each paging device 20 user must somehow apply the cryptographic function and key. For greater security, longer cryptographic keys are required. Unfortunately, the highly miniaturized wristwatch pager 20 offers few opportunities for user interface. In particular, the display 24 and control buttons 26a-26d are a limited resource, and severely limit entry of complex information, i.e., entry of long keys.
In accordance with the present invention, however, each paging device 20 includes a password accessed cryptographic key table 50. Table 50 associates short passwords with relatively longer cryptographic keys. The user of paging device 20 can more easily enter a short password, yet have access to a much longer key. Such keys may be selectively applied to incoming messages or to messages previously stored in message buffer 52. Accordingly, radio signal transmission 16 enjoys the relatively high security of a message 30 being encrypted with a relatively long encryption key. The user of paging device 20, however, enjoys convenient access to a readable version of message 30 by entering a relatively short password. Thus, the present invention allows a high level of security in transmission of confidential messages, but reduces overhead of manipulation of small, miniaturized paging devices with limited data entry and control button resources. As the data is exposed to adversary 28, the message 30 enjoys high security, yet such high security does not present significant encumbrance with respect to paging device 20 user interface access.
As may be appreciated, the cryptographic key used by paging device 20 must correspond in some fashion to the cryptographic key 36 used in the production of message 30. Cryptographic algorithms and key schemes are widely varied. As such cryptology applies to the present invention, a variety of methods may be employed, so long as appropriate prearrangements are made between the user of paging device 20 the operator of message source 14 to ensure use of appropriate encryption and decryption functions and keys. For the present discussion, any functions which are described as cryptographic, typically a function "crypt", shall refer to a given encryption or decryption algorithm used according to prearrangement between the user of paging device 20 and the operator of message source 14. Also, as used herein the term "text" shall generally refer to the result of applying a given message string to a cryptographic function of the paging device. Such text may or may not be readable, depending on the selection of cryptographic key used. Also, as will be more fully apparent hereafter, the user of paging device 20 can apply a given message several times to a cryptographic function, with intermediate "text" results being selectively stored as messages in the message buffer 52 of paging device 20.
The cryptographic function employed by paging device 20 can take a variety of forms. Also, a variety of enhancements may be provided to increase security provided to messages stored in the paging device 20. Consider, for example, a paging device 20 lost or stolen and manipulated by an unauthorized user. The unauthorized user could by trial and error attempt to enter passwords to gain access to the stored cryptographic keys. To provide as few clues as possible as to the validity of a password, it is suggested that the paging device 20 be programmed in its key access procedure to respond to entry of invalid passwords, i.e., a password not appearing in table 50, by selecting a pseudorandom cryptographic key and providing to the unauthorized user what appears to be an alternate version of the paging message. Furthermore, the pseudorandom cryptographic key selected by paging device 20 could be a function of the invalid password and the paging device identification number, i.e., PAGER-- ID 40. In this manner, the unauthorized user generates the same cryptographic key and sees the same result upon repeated entry of the invalid password. Thus, the unauthorized user cannot distinguish between valid passwords, i.e., passwords contained in table 50, and invalid passwords, i.e., passwords not contained in table 50. This arrangement makes it more difficult for the unauthorized user to identify valid passwords, and therefore more difficult to gain access to cryptographic keys and secure information stored in paging device 20. A second enhancement which may be provided to the cryptographic function of paging device 20 permits the user to enter a single digit, e.g., single zero value digit, as a password. In response, the programming of paging device 20 skips any cryptographic function and returns the original message. This provides the device 20 with an "abort" feature selected by entry of a simple single digit password. While the above two enhancements to the cryptographic function improve security and ease of use, these features will not be specifically shown in the drawings. It will be understood, however, that such features would be incorporated into the cryptographic function of paging device 20 by appropriate programming by one of ordinary skill in the relevant art.
FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate use of display screen 24 and control buttons 26 to create entries for the table 50 of FIG. 1. Upon entering a routine to create a new entry for table 50, display 24 presents the prompt "password:" and provides alpha-numeric digit locations 54, individually 54a-54d. Beginning at digit location 54a, paging device 20 cycles through a given set of available digit value selections, e.g., alpha-numeric characters, in response to activation of control button 26a. Once the user establishes a digit value selection for digit 54a, pressing control button 26b sets that value for location 54a, and moves digit selection to digit 54b. The process continues from digit to digit until the user of paging device 20 has provided a complete password indicated by pressing control button 26c. As may be appreciated, passwords can vary in length. Short single digit passwords are most convenient for access to the stored cryptographic keys. Thus, if the primary concern for security is with respect to exposure during transmission of the message by radio signal, shorter single digit passwords may be used for their ease of entry and memorization. If, however, security against a lost or stolen paging device 20 is a concern, then it is suggested that longer passwords be employed to make more difficult access to the stored cryptographic keys. In any case, the user defines the password length and content.
FIG. 2B illustrates a similar user interface following password entry wherein paging device 20 presents on display 24 the prompt "KEY:" and provides a sequence of digit locations 56. As may be appreciated, the key value would likely be a large number of digits, e.g., potentially as long as a message string. Accordingly, digit locations 56 would likely scroll across display 24 to allow entry of a large number of digits to establish a cryptographic key value. Once the password and cryptographic key are established as indicated in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the values are stored in association in table 50 for use against messages at the time of receipt, or for use against previously received messages as stored in message buffer 52.
FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate programming of paging device 20 relative to newly arrived messages, including selective decryption and storage of newly arrived messages. FIG. 3 illustrates a first embodiment of the present invention wherein the user of paging device 20 inspects a given message when displayed and selectively applies a cryptographic function thereto. FIG. 4 illustrates a second embodiment wherein the paging system protocol includes a flag indicating a message including cryptographic material and paging device 20 reacts to the flag by presenting automatically the cryptographic function.
In FIG. 3, a procedure associated with the capture of a message packet is illustrated. The programming illustrated in FIG. 3 assumes that the user of paging device 20 will immediately respond to capture of a message packet, i.e., engage in interaction with paging device 20 in response to a paging alert associate with capture of a new message. Additional programming beyond that illustrated in FIG. 3 could deal with a situation where a message is captured, but the user is not available to process the newly arrived message as illustrated in FIG. 3. Accordingly, a mechanism should be provided for stacking newly arrived messages and permitting processing as illustrated in FIG. 3 for each stacked newly arrived message. Alternatively, if a newly arrived message is not processed by the user within a given time of receipt, the newly arrived message could simply be placed in message buffer 52, and later selectively applied to the cryptographic function as a stored message in the manner discussed more fully hereinafter.
In processing block 60, paging device 20 activates its radio receiving circuitry and captures a message packet according to system 10 protocol and, after appropriate error detection and correction algorithms have been applied, obtains a PAGER-- ID and message string MESSAGE. In decision block 62, paging device 20 compares the captured PAGER-- ID with its unique identification number. If no match occurs, then the message packet is discarded and processing branches to other unrelated programming. If a match does occur, however, then the captured MESSAGE is intended for this particular paging device 20 and processing advances to block 64 where the MESSAGE is displayed for user review. Also in block 64, paging device 20 might activate an audible alarm to indicate to the user that a message has recently arrived and is presented on display 24. In decision block 66, the user indicates in some fashion whether or not a cryptographic function is to be applied to MESSAGE as currently presented on display 24. If no such cryptographic function is to be applied, then processing advances to block 68 where a given storage disposition procedure for MESSAGE is executed. For example, such storage disposition could include opportunity for the user to store the message either as an encrypted message or decrypted text, or not store the message in any form.
If the user does wish to apply a cryptographic function, then processing advances from block 66 to block 70 where paging device 20 obtains from the user a password. For example, a screen similar to that presented in FIG. 2A provides opportunity to enter a given password. Continuing to block 72, paging device 20 uses the just entered password to access table 50 and select a corresponding cryptographic key. As may be appreciated, processing block 72 might include certain error handling routines in the event that the user enters a password not found in table 50. Such error handling routines could include an exit path (not shown in FIG. 3) as an abort option when, for example, a single digit zero value password is selected. Also, the programming of paging device 20 could include selection of a pseudorandom cryptographic key, possibly as a function of the provided password and paging device serial number, as a mechanism for providing no clue for distinguishing valid passwords, i.e., those found in table 50, and invalid passwords, i.e., not found in table 50. In any event, once the user has specified a key, paging device 20 applies that key to the message according to a given cryptographic function in block 74 to obtain an alternate version of the message, designated TEXT in FIG. 3. In block 76, the text message is presented on display 24. Moving to decision block 78, the user can accept or decline the text message, i.e., by appropriate manipulation of control buttons 26. If the user accepts the text message displayed, then processing advances to block 68 where a given storage disposition procedure is executed.
If, however, the user does not accept the displayed text message at decision block 78, e.g., because it is not readable, then processing returns to block 64 where paging device 20 again displays MESSAGE as originally captured. The process continues until the user finally accepts a text display at decision block 78. In particular, a meaningful display appears in block 76 when the user enters the password associated with a cryptographic key corresponding to the particular key, e.g., key 36, used by message source 14.
The procedure proposed in FIG. 3 requires that the user of paging device 10 rely on inspection of the displayed message as a basis for determining that a cryptographic function need be applied. Thus, the user may, if necessary, employ trial and error tactics until the displayed message is meaningful. Also, the user may have some expectation as to the particular message source, and could, as a function of such expectation, select a particular one of the passwords of table 50 rather than employ trial and error tactics.
FIG. 4 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the present invention wherein the message source 14 includes in the data submission to clearinghouse 12 an indication that message 30 is in some fashion encrypted. For example, additional fields in the "Telocator" protocol would be used for this purpose. In response, clearinghouse 12 prepares a message packet for transmission in radio signal 16 including in addition to PAGER-- ID 40 and message 30, a flag indicating that the message 30 is in some fashion encrypted. In FIG. 4, paging device 20 captures in block 84 a message packet and obtains a PAGER-- ID, a message string MESSAGE, and a flag CRYPT-- FLAG. In decision block 86, paging device 20 compares its unique identification with the captured PAGER-- ID. If no match occurs, then processing branches to unrelated programming. If a match does occur, then processing advances to decision block 88 where paging device 10 interrogates the flag CRYPT-- FLAG. If the flag indicates no encryption of the captured message, then, in block 90, MESSAGE appears on display 24 and processing continues to storage disposition block 92.
If, however, the flag indicates MESSAGE is encrypted, then processing advances to block 94 where the user is prompted for a password. Continuing to block 96, the password obtained from the user is used to collect a given cryptographic key from table 50. In block 98, paging device 20 obtains a text version of the message by applying MESSAGE and the collected key to a cryptographic function. The user then has opportunity in decision block 102 to accept or decline the displayed text message. If the user declines, then processing returns to block 94 where the user selects another password, and therefore another cryptographic key, for obtaining another text version of the captured message. When the user does accept a text display in decision block 102, then processing advances to decision block 92 where a given storage disposition procedure is executed.
The next embodiment of the present invention provides a basis for selecting one of the passwords in table 50, rather than select a given password by trial and error or based on some expectation of message delivery from a given source.
FIG. 5A illustrates a receiver identification 38 and message 30a delivered by message source 14 to clearinghouse 12. Message 30a differs from the previously described message 30 in that it includes in addition to a sequence of message characters 110, an escape marker 112. Escape marker 112 provides a basis for bifurcating message 30a into a portion to be ignored by the cryptographic function and a portion requiring application to the cryptographic function. Such escape sequence methods can take a variety of forms. For example, the escape marker could simply divide the message such that characters preceding the marker are ignored and those characters following the marker are applied to the cryptographic function. Alternatively, the escape marker 112 could include not only an initial escape character, but could also be followed by a datum indicating the number of characters following the datum of a given designation, e.g., number of characters to be applied to the cryptographic function. For the present discussion, it will be understood that an escape sequence of some form can be used to designate portions of message 30a as being either to be ignored or to be applied to the cryptographic function.
FIGS. 5B and 5C illustrate screen displays relative to partially encrypted paging messages. In FIG. 5b, a message has arrived with a first portion of readable text and a second portion of cryptographic. The meaningful or readable portion reads "BALANCE =", but the remaining cryptographic portion appears meaningless on display 24. The user, seeing the first readable portion, has a basis for selecting among the passwords of table 50. More particularly, the readable portion in the example illustrated in FIG. 5 indicates the message is a bank account balance, and provides a basis for selecting the password in table 50 used to unscramble messages from the bank. FIG. 5C illustrates display 24 following application of a cryptographic function to the cryptographic portion of the message whereby the user may then read the account balance.
FIG. 6 illustrates programming of paging device 20 relative to partially encrypted messages. In block 120, a message packet is captured and paging device 20 obtains a PAGER-- ID and a message string MESSAGE. After verifying in decision block 122 that PAGER-- ID for this particular paging device, the message string is displayed in block 124. The display presented in block 124 may correspond to that of FIG. 5B, i.e., where a portion of the message is cryptographic and appears meaningless on display 24. Paging device 20 then searches the message string in decision block 126 to determine whether an escape marker, designated ESC-- MARKER in FIG. 6, exists within the message string. If no escape marker is found in the message string, then processing branches to a storage disposition procedure in block 128.
If, however, an escape marker does exist in the captured message string, paging device 20 obtains in block 136 a password from the user and, in block 138, obtains a cryptographic key from table 50 based on the user provided password. In block 140, paging device 20 generates an alternate version of the captured message string, designated TEXT in FIG. 6, by applying the message string MESSAGE and the key obtained from table 50 to a modified cryptographic function, designated "crypt-- by-- mark" in FIG. 6. As may be appreciated, the function crypt-- by-- mark reacts to embedded escape markers by ignoring certain portions of the applied message string and applying the cryptographic function to designated portions of the message string. Continuing to block 142, paging device 20 presents the message string TEXT on display 24. The display remains consistent relative to that presented in block 124 with respect to characters not applied to the cryptographic function of block 140, however, those portions corresponding to cryptographic characters change as a function of the processing of block 140. As may be appreciated, the user may iterate if necessary to select other keys if the display presented in block 142 is meaningless, i.e., might select keys until display 24 appears as represented in FIG. 5C.
Thus, the use of partially encrypted messages provides a user with a basis for selecting among passwords, and therefore keys, of table 50.
FIG. 7 illustrates programming of paging device 20 relative to stored paging messages, i.e., those messages stored in message buffer 52 (FIG. 1). Generally, the procedure illustrated in FIG. 7 allows the user to cycle through the messages in buffer 52 and, selectively apply a cryptographic function to the currently displayed message.
Thus, block 150 represents a display mode wherein the user can cycle through and display stored messages held in buffer 52. While not specifically illustrated in FIG. 7, it will be understood that processing block 150 includes additional programming, for example, opportunity to exit from the display mode and, other management features relative to messages stored in buffer 52 such as, for example, a delete function relative to messages stored in buffer 52. The programming detailed in FIG. 7 relates to exit from the display mode block 150 for the purpose of applying a cryptographic function to a currently displayed message. Thus, block 152 of FIG. 7 represents exit from block 150 for the purpose of applying a cryptographic function to a currently displayed message. Upon such exit from block 150, a message string MESSAGE carries the value of the currently displayed message. The processing illustrated in FIG. 7 then provides the user with opportunity to generate an alternate version of the currently displayed message, and provides the user with options regarding storage disposition of the newly created alternate version.
In decision block 156, the user has opportunity to enter a new cryptographic key, if necessary, into table 50. If the user intends to apply a key not presently stored in paging device 20, then processing branches to block 158 where paging device 20 obtains a cryptographic key from the user. In decision block 160, the user has opportunity to store the just entered key in table 50. If the option to store is taken, processing branches through block 162 where paging device 20 obtains from the user a password for association with the just entered cryptographic key. Then, in block 164, paging device 20 writes the just entered key and just entered password into table 50 in association for later reference. In any event, the key entered in block 158 is made available for application to a cryptographic function in block 166.
If, however, the user indicates at decision block 156 that the key to be used is already stored in table 50, then processing branches from decision block 156 to block 168 where the user provides a password, and continues to block 170 where paging device 20 obtains a cryptographic key from table to as a function of the password provided in block 168.
Continuing to block 166, a string TEXT is obtained by applying the captured message string and designated key, whether taken from table 50 or obtained in block 158, to a cryptographic function. Continuing to block 172, the string TEXT obtained in block 166 is presented on display 24. In block 174, the user has opportunity to accept or decline the string TEXT displayed in block 172. If unacceptable, processing returns to block 156 where the user has opportunity to select another cryptographic key. If acceptable, however, processing branches from decision block 174 to a storage disposition option in decision block 180. If the user declines to save the text version in block 180, then processing returns to block 150 for continued cyclic display of messages stored in buffer 52. If, however, the user wishes to store the newly created message string TEXT, then processing advances to block 182 where the user first has opportunity to delete a portion of the newly created string TEXT prior to storage. If the user wishes to delete a portion of the newly created string TEXT, then processing passes through block 184 where, by appropriate user interface, the user designates a portion of the string TEXT to be deleted and paging device 20 deletes such portion from TEXT. Continuing to block 186, TEXT is stored in message buffer 52 and processing returns to block 150.
Thus, the programming illustrated in FIG. 7 allows a user to apply a cryptographic function to stored messages and then store the result. Such messages can include previously encrypted messages or messages originally received as plaintext. As may be appreciated, the ability to delete messages stored in buffer 52, i.e., as by in processing in block 150, and the ability to excise portions of stored messages as provided in the processing of block 184, allows the user to manage information stored in the paging device 20, i.e., either delete completely delete partially, or apply a cryptographic function to prevent review by unauthorized persons somehow gaining access to paging device 20.
The programming illustrated in FIGS. 3, 4, and 6 include storage disposition blocks 68, 92, and 128, respectively. While such storage disposition options make take a variety of forms, the programming of FIG. 8 illustrates a preferred form of such storage disposition options where the user of paging device 20 has opportunity to delete a recently received message, store the recently received message in its original form, store the recently received message in its text form, or save a portion of either the original message or the text version of the original message.
In FIG. 8, processing begins in decision block 190 where the user has opportunity to merely abandon, i.e., delete, a recently received and reviewed, and possibly decrypted, message. If the user decides to abandon the newly arrived message, then processing merely exits at decision block 90 with no copy of the message placed in message buffer 52. If, however, the user wishes to save the newly arrived message in some form, then in block 192 the user selects an option to save the original message as received. In such case, processing advances to decision block 194 where the user has opportunity to delete in block 196 a portion of the original message. In any event, processing reaches block 198 where the original message, possibly as partially deleted in block 196, is written to the message buffer 52. Following block 198, processing returns to decision block 200 where paging device 20 determines whether a text version of a message exists. If no text version exists, then processing exits at decision block 200. If, however, a text version exists, then the user has an opportunity in decision block 202 to save the text version. If the opportunity is declined, then processing exits decision block 202. If, however, the user wishes to store the text version, then in decision block 204 the user has opportunity to delete in block 206 a portion of the text version. Then, in block 208 the text version, possibly as partially deleted by processing in block 206, is written to message buffer 52 and processing exits from block 208.
Thus, newly arrived messages may be selectively decrypted and selectively stored either fully or partially in their original form or in their text form within paging device 20 according to user control.
FIG. 9 illustrates a modification to selective decryption when an escape sequence marker is used. In particular, programming in FIG. 9 can replace block 166 of FIG. 7 when an escape marker is used. In FIG. 9, decision block 220 provides the user opportunity to establish or move the escape sequence marker. For example, the user may wish to mask a readable portion of a message to prevent others from having a clue as to message content, i.e., mask the "BALANCE =" portion so the message may not be taken as a bank account message by an adversary gaining access to paging device 20. Thus, in block 222 the user, by appropriate user interface of paging device 20, can modify the position of the escape marker in the message string. In block 224, the function "crypt-- by-- marker" is used to create an alternate version of the message string, designated TEXT in FIG. 9, by application of the message string MESSAGE and a designated cryptographic key.
While the present invention should not be limited to a specific cryptographic algorithm, it is suggested that a simple exclusive OR function executed on a bit-by-bit basis be employed. While this form of encryption and decryption generally requires a cryptographic key as long as the message for good security, the present invention advantageously allows use of very long cryptographic keys without undue hardship, i.e., without difficulty in user interface relative to manipulation or entry of long keys. Also, the exclusive OR function is a simple algorithm easily implemented in the miniaturized paging device 20. Such algorithm may be applied for both encryption and decryption of messages reciprocally using the same key for either process.
FIG. 10 illustrates a suggested exclusive OR encryption and decryption function. Generally, the algorithm of FIG. 10 applies an exclusive OR function on a bit-by-bit basis for the parameters provided, i.e., the message string and designated key. Also, the algorithm of FIG. 10 accommodates a key shorter than the message string by repeating use of the cryptographic key as necessary to apply the exclusive OR function to all bits of the message string. In FIG. 10, processing begins in block 230 where a variable MSG-- BITS is assigned the value of total number of bits in the message string. In block 232, a variable KEY-- BITS receives the value of number of bits in the designated key. In block 234, a variable INDEX is set to zero. Continuing to block 236, paging device 20 then applies an exclusive OR function to respective bits of the message string and key, placing the result in the function output string TEXT. As may be appreciated, the variable INDEX appropriately addresses bit positions of the message string and text string. Also, the variable INDEX is applied to address the KEY-- BITS modulo the value of variable KEY-- BITS. This allows a key having fewer bits then the message string. Continuing to block 238, the variable INDEX is incremented and then compared in block 240 to the variable MSG-- BITS. When the variable INDEX equals the variable MSG-- BITS, then all bits of the message string have been applied and placed in the string TEXT. Otherwise, processing returns to block 236 for processing of the next bit in the message string. Eventually, all bits in the message string are decrypted against the designated key and placed in the message string TEXT.
As may be appreciated, the function illustrated in FIG. 10 may be modified to provide the function crypt-- by-- mark to accommodate escape sequence markers in a message string applied thereto. In particular, such modification would include search for embedded escape markers and application of the exclusive OR function only to those portions designated as requiring application to the cryptographic function.
Thus, an improved method and apparatus has been shown and described supporting a high level of security with respect to termination transmitted by radio signal, yet not requiring the user to manipulate correspondingly complex cryptographic keys. Thus, as the radio signal information is exposed to an adversary, it enjoys a high level of security. As the information is made accessible to the user of a paging device, the user enjoys a convenient user interface mechanism specifying relatively long cryptographic keys required under relatively high standards of security. Furthermore, by providing the user with robust message storage disposition and selective application of stored messages to a cryptographic function, the user can manipulate stored information in such manner to secure such information against review in the event of a lost or stolen paging device.
It will be appreciated that the present invention is not restricted to the particular embodiment that has been described and illustrated, and that variations may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as found in the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Legal Events
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text:
The Transformer Table by Quentin Kelley is an ultimate small space hit. In its folded state the piece is only 12″ wide and can be used as a console or sofa table. But when the dinner party is in formation, it unravels into a 36″ wide, spacious dining table. The piece is quite a looker too – made from solid wood and elegantly shaped, it requires no compromises between beauty and function. It quite simply offers both. Wishlisted for a future dream shoebox…
I'm interested in this table, where would you buy it?
what are the dimensions of this table ? where can i find it?
I would like to know where to buy this table!
Where can I buy this table?
I am interested in this table. Where can you buy it and how much is it?
Where would I buy this table?
Price, possibility of getting it in white, shipping and time.
Please let me know where can I see this table in person in NYC?
Likewise, please let me know where I can see this table in person in NYC?
Too bad you do not provide dimensions, color availability, price…
Please follow the link to designer's website, you will find dimensions. There is also a contact info for pricing inquiries.
Your response was as useless as the original ad.
Don't you know when people ask for dimensions they are looking for real information. So don't send them back to the useless web ad that originally spawned the question.
@Marie The table featured in this post is a custom piece. Which would be obvious if you followed the link I provided. I linked to the designer who made this piece, hence – the best place to acquire additional details. If you don't find this information useful – please feel free to expand your search beyond the realm of this blog.
Where can I purchase table. Does it seat 6…
Where can I buy this table?
Love this table where can I get it,
Love this table, need one for my new place or very similar. Where can I get one?
Where can I get this table and how much ???
what a fantastic design! Looks beautiful too. The hinges are tiny, and not very noticeable and the table folds nice and flat. What kind of a hinge is that?

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Fort Pierce Central's Sharieff Rhaheed will open season on sidelines
FORT PIERCE — The area's top college football prospect will be sitting on the sidelines to start the season.
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text:
Mack Reiter, Brandon Becker, Joel Flaggart, Wynn Michalak. What do all these guys have in common? They're all Seniors. They're all two time All American's. They all failed to place as juniors in 2007.
I have a feeling that all four of them, will come back this year in fashion. I have Reiter picked as my 133 National champion and I don't think he'll let me down. I know he expected nothing less than to be a four time All American, and he won't walk outta St. Louis next year without a 3rd medal. I expect it to be first.
Same goes for Brandon Becker. If I were him, and I had beat Craig Henning everytime I had stepped on the mat with him, then I'd expect nothing than less than to out do him come tournament time. I have a feeling that Becker will figure out C.P. Schlatter, as well as a few other 157's, and walk home with the title.
Some of you will notice that I left Wynn Michalak off of my recent AA list. Well that's cause I'm an idiot and complete skipped over his name when looking at my potential to AA list. If I taken a second look at the list, I would have erased a name, and added his. Phil Davis is tough, J.D. Bergman is tough, as well as Mike Tamillow, but I think Michalak will challenge for the title this season. I predict no lower than 4th place.
Joel Flaggart, who I'm pretty sure has been granted another year of elgibility, is in the same boat as Michalak.
Opinions? Or does everyone want to stick to the Metcalf vs Schlatter debate?


text:
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August 29, 2013 — Pending home sales were down in July, with higher mortgage interest rates slowing the market, according to the National Association of Realtors®. Read more »
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June 20, 2013 — Existing-home sales improved in May and remain solidly above a year ago, while the median price continued to rise by double-digit rates from a year earlier, according to the National Association of Realtors®. Read more »
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Hi Guys
I have worked out a way you can make textures for Bryce (Complicated Textures and with no need of the deep texture editor). Have I gone mad well there's a simple answer to that (I was mad the day I was Born so not much has changed). All you have to do is build objects in Boolean and make them so they have no shadows no casting shadows and no reflecting shadows. Build the objects and then add them to a plane and once everything is together render and you can make more complicated textures that way(at least for Technical Objects such as space ships and Vehicles.
Its really simple and can be a great way to make more complicated textures render from above and then save at maximum jpeg quality. And Render on Premium.


text:
Landscapers add revenue through diversification
Company expands services through value-added maintenance assignments
MJB co-owner Mike Boyd says versatile Bobcat equipment is helping keep him busy during the slow economy.
Having the right equipment at a time when the number of major landscaping projects has slowed down has worked to the advantage of MJB Services.
"With our mini track loader, we are able to do jobs we previously declined to bid on because they were so labor-intensive," says Kathy Krubert, who owns the Elkhorn, Wis., company with Mike Boyd. "We're spending our resources on equipment instead of additional employees. The Bobcat� MT55 makes us more versatile and adaptable to a wide range of projects."
In addition to landscape design, installation and maintenance, MJB Services builds decks, installs driveways, builds waterscapes, constructs terraces and walkways down to lakes, and does snow removal, salting and sanding.
Many of the customers are owners of lake properties in southern Wisconsin, particularly on Lauderdale Lake and Whitewater Lake. "We started working with some of these clients 20 years ago," Boyd says. "Most began by having us mow lawns or plow snow. That often evolved into landscaping and other work. Now we have become caretakers when many of the vacation homeowners are gone. That's worked out well, especially at a time when many big jobs have disappeared or are on hold."
The MT55 is the perfect machine for Kathy Krubert when she's transporting landscape materials across established surfaces.
"In this economy you have to be able to offer several services," Krubert adds. "Our versatility is paying off."
The MT55 � purchased from Bobcat of Janesville � has versatility written all over it. "It easily paid for itself by bringing in business and doing many different jobs," Krubert says. "Any of our 10 employees can operate the machine. The MT55 is one of the best investments we ever made."
Boyd is a believer in purchasing the top brand in each category of equipment. "You buy an off-brand and you risk having it break down every other day," he says. "Quality equipment pays for itself. That's certainly true of the Bobcat products we've owned for the past 15 years. We couldn't do without our MT55."
Learn more about the benefits of Bobcat mini track loaders on the mini track loader page.
Attachments boost efficiency
The versatility of the MT55 is enhanced by the attachments that MJB Services owns: stump grinder, soil conditioner, hydraulic breaker, auger, pallet fork and buckets (the company also has a landscape rake that is used with an 843 skid-steer loader).
"The attachments have enabled us to get work completed much more efficiently," Krubert says. "They have saved us time and labor and reduced the cost to our customers. Work gets done much faster; on some jobs we have reduced our time by 25 to 50 percent."


text:
Grey's Anatomy
Grey's Anatomy Season 9, Episode 12 Review: What Did You Think of "Walking on a Dream"?
How was Grey's Anatomy Season 9, Episode 12: "Walking on a Dream"? Read on for Wetpaint Entertainment's review of the episode, and rate it yourself below.
Read spoilers at your own risk! For more on Wetpaint Entertainment's philosophy on spoilers, click here.
There's a new boss in town: Dr. Cahill, a physician advisor brought on to help the hospital save money. After pissing everyone off, she came up with a bold proposal: cut the ER. Whoa. Do you think they'll actually do that?
Meanwhile, Meredith's (Ellen Pompeo) pregnancy hormones were throwing her out of whack all episode, which made dealing with a patient with a failing liver even harder than normal; Arizona (Jessica Capshaw) suffered from phantom limb pain, which Owen (Kevin McKidd) helped her tackle; and Derek (Patrick Dempsey) put his hand to a test with a complicated surgery.
This episode was solid, but nothing about it really caught our attention, though the ER plotline could be interesting. We give it 3 stars. What did you think?
I liked this episode!
I wasn't a fan.


text:
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text:
J&K celebrates Diamond Jubilee of Central SW Board
Filed Under: Media & Tech, World | Posted: 12/27/2012 at 7:05AM
Comments | Region: India
Jammu, December 27 (Scoop News) –Minister for Public Enterprises, Peerzada Mohammad Syeed today said that education of women is an essential component for their social, economic and political emancipation as they have a definite role in nurturing the society towards a better world to live in.
The Minister was addressing a function held in connection with celebration of Diamond jubilee of Central Social Welfare Board at General Zorawar Singh Auditorium in University of Jammu with the theme "Campaign against atrocities on women, need, care, and empowerment of women through education".
Congratulating the Chairperson of State Social Advisory Board, Khem Lata Wakhlu for organizing this awareness camp, the Minister said that such programmes can really make a difference in the society. He advocated stern action against those elements that commit atrocities over women and added that the Government is initiating several efforts to stop these heinous crimes by virtue of existing laws in the State.
Condemning the recent Delhi rape case, the Minister said that such shameful acts still confront our minds that women are not safe in our society. He stressed for making women more strong physically and psychologically to fight such violence against crime He said that under SSA there are a number of schemes for providing education to women and also educate drop out girls in the state. He said that during the last 10 years, the ratio of literacy among women has been increased 15 percent which is a healthy sign for a healthy society.
The Minister said that such camps should be organized in very district of the State for providing necessary awareness about the provisions of law guaranteed by the Constitution for protection and empowerment of women. He said that education of women is a strong tool, by which she can lead an independent and dignified life.
The Minister said that economic independence is vital for women empowerment and in this regard the Government implementing a number skill development and knowledge programmes.
Expressing her concern on domestic violence against women even in 21st century, Minister for Social Welfare, Ms Sakina itoo said that women empowerment is essential to curb these crimes. He said that unless we will not make women economically, socially and educationally strong, there is less possibility to reduce the crime rate against women.
The Minister said that women's participation from Panchyati Raj to the Parliament is essential to enable them to contribute in every sphere of life. She said that education is a vital tool to empower women. She said that men and women have equal rights guaranteed by the Constitution but unfortunately these are exercised by women mere for lake of knowledge. Ms Sakina also condemned the Delhi rape case and advocated a srong action against the culprits. She said that presently women Anganwari workers and helpers are earning their livelihood in 28000 Aaganwardi Centres under ICDS sector. She said there are also a number of schemes of SWD which are beneficial to the women. She said 5 lakh people are benefitted through various Schemes like Old age pension, widow pension , scholarships etc. she said the State government has earmarked Rs.15 crores under SKEWYP for upliftment of the women especially for establishing their own income generating units.
The conference was also addressed by Kheem lata wakhlu, MLA Bimla Luthra, Vice Chairman, Gujjar and Bakerwal Board,
Bashir Ahmed Naz, Vice Chairperson, Schedule Caste Board, Swarn lata and other dignitaries. The Executive Director/Secretary Social Welfare Board and Director Social Welfare Department were also present on the occasion.


text: Ivy Tech Community College-Bloomington's Gayle & Bill Cook Center for Entrepreneurship and the Naval Surface Warfare Center-Crane have entered into partnership to promote technologies developed at Crane to the small business community. NSWC Crane is a Federal Laboratory of the U.S. Department of the Navy, providing multipurpose research and development, manufacturing technology, engineering, testing, manufacturing, and fleet support. NSWC Crane has a significant portfolio of patented technologies available for commercial activities and is actively looking for partners in industry to license these technologies and move them to new markets.


text:
First off- Happy 2015 everyone!
I am going to be trying to catch up once again. We are planning our first trip to the USA in almost four and a half years! We are SO thankful for this opportunity and SO excited! We are very busy around here with school and family life and so I just haven't had the desire to blog, and have kept it on the back burner for months now. I'm sorry! Even now as I write {5:45am} I am being interrupted by placing little ones back in bed! I have decided NOT to be on the computer during the days in front of the kids. This was a conviction of mine awhile ago and I am now taking it seriously. I also place my phone away during the day and check it periodically when the kids can't see me on the phone.
I'll share more about why I have this conviction in a different post. But for now,,,,
A Before Five In A Row "row" we did during Sukkot last Fall!
This year I am focusing our BFI♥AR books towards Sydney and Gefen. I am using FI♥AR vol. 1 & 2 with Shai and Ezra. Hoping to finish by this summer and to continue with vol. 3 & 4 by next fall. I haven't kept a photograph of all of our "rows", but I will catch up with the ones I did document.
Title: We're Going On A Bear Hunt
Author: Michael Rosen
Illistrated: Helen Oxenbury
Copyright: 1989
This was a fun row for our family waaaay back in 2012. The second part of our study was when our good friend Chad Witt was visiting our family from Oregon! Such fun memories!
It's hard to believe it's been this long since we've read this story! The years are flying by! Homeschooling our kids has really allowed us TIME to spend with each one and create amazing memories together. I am very thankful for this time. Some days of course are challenging... ok... SO challenging! Not the academic part as much as trying to instill good character in our kids! Teaching them virtues. This has always been our conviction; to train their hearts and not allow them to argue and fight with each other. They know they must treat each other as best friends, yet it is hard work . God has given us much grace. I am always being reminded that this is the season of training them, molding and shaping their little hearts to love and serve God and others. This takes time. We have seen much fruit in our children's hearts recently and we are thankful for this. This has been the encouragement to keep on going!
Okay, now on to our study with Going On A Bear Hunt!
During this week the girls enjoyed reading our story together and doing some fun activities to go along with our story.
Our verse:
" When I am afraid, I will trust in You" Psalm 56:3
Bible lesson:
We talked about all the different "journey's" families have gone on over the course of history here in Israel where we live. We also discussed how the children of Israel wandered for forty years in the desert, yet even the sandals on their feet did not wear out. God provided all they needed on their journey. A cloud by day to protect them from the scorching sun, and fire at night. Mana {meaning "what's this?"} refreshing water and even meat.... and so much more!
We talked about the ways God has provided for us. The girls quickly talked about the ways He protected us from " all da scarwy missiles" {Gefen 3 years old} from the war last summer and from "all the demons" {Sydney 4 years old} ... ;)
We talked about our own journey as a family and all the ways God has been proving for us. We talked about the ways God has blessed us and all the friends He has brought into our lives!
The girls worked on a lapbook from Homeschool Share.
The girls are sequencing the story and matching with pictures.
Numbers fun from Homeschool Creations! Shai had fun leading the girls in this game!
We had so much fun re-enacting the story back in 2012 so we did something similar...we went on a "bear hunt" using bear "paw prints" to lead our way.
The kids had a blast as they worked together to discover bear paws in "long wavy grass", through a "cold river", "oozy mud", a "dark forest" and "a cave" {which happened to be our family sukkah}!
First paw: long wavy grass!
Paw #2 A deep cold river {puddle;)}
We worked on character - teamwork! They had to hold hands and do things together, this helped to nit leave the little girls out, since it was mostly for them.
Paw #3- Thick Oozy mud!
Paw #4 - a deep dark "forest"
Paw #5 - a swirling whirling snowstorm... they twirled and whirled around as if in a real snowstorm.
Onward together! Just like in our story.
Paw #6 our cave {sukkah}!
Our little family of bears await for the pick up!
We also watched this video by the author Michael Rosen


text:
Abraham Verghese's voice has been published in major newspapers and magazines, including the New York Times, Washington Post, San Francisco Chronicle, the Atlantic and a variety of electronic media, such as National Public Radio, to name just a few.
New York Times
New York Times: October 9, 2012
The Doctor's Bag for the New Millennium
When I was a medical student in Madras, India, in the late 1970s, my uncle, a retired physician, still made occasional house calls. In his early years he delivered babies in dimly lighted huts, often resorting to high forceps on the head – something that is rarely done now. His compounder – the man who would compound his prescription of mistura carminativa and dispense it in corked glass bottle – carried my undle's medical bag. It was almost like a trunk – a mobile office.
New York Times: February 26, 2011
Treat the Patient, Not the CT Scan
The other day as I walked through a wing of my hospital, it occurred to me that Watson, IBM's supercomputer, would be more at home here than he was on 'Jeopardy!' Perhaps it's good, I thought, that his next challenge…
New York Times Magazine
New York Times: May 18, 2012
Going on Faith (Abraham Verghese recently went back to India to a place where he had enjoyed many happy visits with his grandparents during his youth.)
The morning I arrived in Trivandrum, the capital of the south Indian state of Kerala, I met my friend Vinita, a HIndu, who promoised to accompany me on a visit to the Sri Padmanabhaswamy temple, a place that is generally off limits to nonbelievers…
Newsweek: March 6, 2011
A smart new book says social cures can solve the world's problems
We are such creatures of habit that often nothing will sway us from a bad or even a self-destructive one. Or, as Tina Rosenberg says in her new book, Join the Club, "No amount of information can budge us when we refuse to be budged…
Washington Post
Washington Post: December 9, 2011
Abraham Verghese describes his writing life:
I write by stealing time. The hours in the day have never felt as if they belong to me. The greatest number has belonged to my day job as a physician and professor of medicine…


text:
Second biggest face?
John Cena is the biggest face in WWE. What i'm trying to say if Cena took a break, or further more shocking injury's occurred; the WWE would be in need for a superstar to take Cena's spot. I am not talking about if this happened in the future. I am talking about if it happened now! Somebody would need to step up, and lead the WWE. I am asking, who could it be? My personal opinion is Randy Orton, since he was candidate for the second spot for a long time but times have changed and hes got competition.
This is a link if you want to see more of this topic-http://www.ewrestlingnews.com/commun...tired-Tomorrow
Vote on the poll and tell me your thoughts.


text:
1. Combine all the ingredients except for the wanton wrapper and oil.
2. Mix the ingredients thoroughly. Use a stand mixer, if possible.
3. Wrap the mixture in wonton wrapper (see video for procedure). Set aside.
4. Heat a cooking pot and pour-in cooking oil.
5. Deep fry the wrapped wontons in medium heat for 5 to 7 minutes or until the color of the wrapper turns golden brown.
6. Remove from the cooking pot and transfer to a plate lined with paper towels.
7. Serve with chili, Asian Dipping Sauce, and rice.
8. Share and enjoy!
This video is a creation of panlasangpinoy. You can visit panlasangpinoy for complete recipes, and more videos.


text:
IT was another sad commentary in the Niger Delta struggle for justice as criminals, Monday night, abducted one of Africa's celebrated novelists, 74-year-old Captain Elechi Amadi, at his residence in Aluu community, on the outskirts of Port Harcourt.
But 23 hours after, about 9.40 p.m. last night, he regained his freedom. Family members reluctantly volunteered that he was let free in a bush not far from his Aluu village, from where he trekked home.
His abduction early yesterday immediately attracted condemnations from governors in the Niger Delta and the arts community, describing it as shameful and most embarrassing.
Governors Rotimi Amaechi and Timipre Sylva of Rivers and Bayelsa States respectively while reacting to the kidnap said it was utter criminality that has no relationship with "the genuine struggle of the Niger Delta people for social and economic justice within the Nigerian federation."
Confirming the development to Vanguard, spokesman for the Joint Task Force (JTF) in the state, Lt.-Col Sagir Musa, said "the unfortunate event occurred at about 9pm. "Information at the disposal of the JTF Operation Flush Out indicated that one Captain Elechi Amadi (rtd) was abducted by yet-to-be identified gunmen at about 9.00hrs pm in his home town, Aluu on the outskirt of Port Harcourt."
The state Police Public Relations Officer, Mrs. Rita Inoma Abbey said: "As soon as Police got wind of the kidnap, policemen were quickly deployed to block strategic areas around the neighbourhood. She said she still could not imagine how they fled with the hostage despite the heavy security mounted by the police in the area that night."
According to her, the kidnappers came in two vehicles - a Toyota Hilux and a Mazda car. At the main entrance to Elechi's sitting room, they introduced themselves in Ikwerre language, thus giving the impression that they were either his relatives or harmless guests from the neighbourhood.
They were later ushered in. It was while they were inside that it dawned on the household that they were kidnappers. Without any resistance, Elechi reportedly submitted himself and then followed them to their waiting vehicles.
A family source said Elechi was alone with his wife in the house when they came. Innocently, according to the source, the wife opened the door when the gunmen knocked, adding that about three of them entered the house and immediately marched Elechi to his bedroom. The source could not say why they did that but he feared that they might have gone in to force him to part with valuables in the room. The same source said no group had claimed responsibility for the abduction and no ransom had been demanded.
JTF spokesman, Lt.Col Musa, however, believed that "the motive for the abduction is pecuniary," adding that "all security agencies have been alerted and directed to remain on the alert with a view to apprehending the culprits."
The army spokesman also called on residents of the state to come forward with information that could assist security operatives track down the kidnappers.
"JTF and indeed all other security agencies can't fight crime alone. We need the support and cooperation of members of the public in the area of information gathering, dissemination and sharing to effectively and easily fight criminal acts in our area of responsibility," he said.
Abduction shameful, says Gov Amaechi
Condemning Elechi Amadi's abduction, Governor Amaechi said it was shameful and an insult on the psyche of the people.
Speaking through his acting press secretary, Mr. Blessing Wekina, the Governor wondered why anyone would do that to a man like Elechi Amadi whose works have attracted so much fame to the state and the Ikwerre ethnic nationality.
Amaechi said: "The Rivers State Government has condemned in strong terms, the abduction of Captain Elechi Amadi, novelist, playwright and educationist who was picked from his country home yesterday by unknown gunmen.
"It is an unwelcomed shame that while our intellectual properties are celebrated all over the world by their contemporaries and those who appreciate greatness, here we make them objects of shame, humiliation and disgrace by people who call themselves Niger Delta Freedom Fighter.
"We, therefore, appeal to those who are holding him to release him immediately and unharmed for him to continue his duties of educating the younger generation which he has an undying passion for."
The statement reminded the kidnappers that "Elechi is an asthmatic patient and this is not the best of seasons for them, we therefore urge that he should not be denied access to his medications."
It diminishes Niger Delta struggle-Sylva
Governor Timipre Sylva of Bayelsa State in his own reaction denounced the abduction, saying it diminishes the Niger Delta struggle for justice, and betrays public sympathy for the genuine grievances of the people of the region.
In a statement issued yesterday in Yenagoa by the Chief Press Secretary to the Governor, Mr. Doifie Ola, Sylva said: "Elechi Amadi is a world literary figure and an icon of the Niger Delta. A renowned writer, he is one of those the world looks up to in trying to appreciate the social reality in the Niger Delta.
"This treatment meted out to him certainly diminishes the Niger Delta struggle before the world. It also reduces us as a people and must be condemned in the strongest term possible."
The governor in the statement denounced the kidnap as utter criminality, saying: "Never in the history of Nigeria has the Niger Delta had it as good as in the President Umaru Yar'Adua era. With a serving Nigerian Vice President from the region, a Niger Delta ministry, and a couple of ministers from the Niger Delta, Yar'Adua has demonstrated sincere commitment to resolution of the age long Niger Delta question.
"That question was an ignoble sore at the heart of the Nigerian society and a grave dilemma that confronted the Yar'Adua presidency. He has faced the problem with the passion of a statesman and we are happy with what we have seen."
Sylva believed what the Niger Delta needs now is peace to reap the benefits of "Yar'Adua's statesmanship and rare courage to acknowledge the Niger Delta question and take a step of faith to solve it."
The governor appealed to the youths of the Niger Delta to eschew criminality in all forms and embark on activities that would make them reap from the wind of change.
"It would be bad for us if our leaders of tomorrow let these opportunities pass us by. For us in Bayelsa State, our doors are open to receive all our children who share our vision of change in the Niger Delta," he said.
Tension in Aluu, Amadi's village
Meanwhile, tension has continued to mount in the community. Youths and elders who spoke to Vanguard said they could not understand why Amadi whom they described as a very simple and lovable personality could be taken hostage.
"He is not a politician, neither is he a rich man. Captain Elechi is a very simple man and a model of humility in the whole of Ikwerre land. You can see that his house is simple and is not even fenced round. This is just an instance of humility.
"What does anybody think he can get from Elechi by kidnapping him," many of them wondered while talking with Vanguard.
It's shameful, Rivers ANA Chairman
Chairman of the Rivers State chapter of the Association of Nigerian Authors (ANA), Mr. Miesoinuma Minima, described the kidnap as shameful, saying it was the height of evil for anybody to even think of kidnapping Elechi, noting that the abduction was a shame and insult on the psyche of people.
Meanwhile, when the state Police Commissioner, Mr. Bala Hassan, visited the family yesterday morning he assured that security operatives would not sleep until they track down those behind the abduction.
Captain Elechi Amadi who would be 75 by April this year is the chairman of the Rivers State Scholarship Board.
He is among the first generation of African writers with many celebrated books to his credit. They include: The Concubine, Great Ponds, The Slave, Isiburu, Pepper Soup, The Woman of Calabar and Sunset in Biafra , a war diary. His philosophical work is Ethics in Nigerian Culture
He was conferred with an honorary doctorate degree by the Rivers State University of Science and Technology in 2003.


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( 4 of 4 customers found this review helpful)
pretty good
By KELLY
from ABBOTSFORD
I have a number of Bluetooth speakers.. I find this one has great sound even when not loud.. it does distort if you play it at fullest,to help cindy who posted below... I too had issues with charging.. I couldn't figure out why it wouldn't charge and there is nothing in the "manual" to give any help.. I found the little bit of rubber around the charging port is too thick. I took a small knife and cut off that extra piece of rubber and it charges like a dream now since the charger can sit properly in the port.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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By Cindysoks
from BC
I ordered 5 of these. One for me & 4 for Christmas gifts. The sound is pretty good. A little crackly at loud levels but good otherwise. My problem with 4 of the 5 was that the charging cords don't stay connected so they wouldn't charge. Too bad because they're very cool.
Bottom Line No, I would not recommend this to a friend
( 3 of 3 customers found this review helpful)
By Lynxton
from Ottawa (Ontario)
I was excited to receive the speaker, it's very cute. Unfortunately the sounds distorts at high volume and the second time I tried to use it I could not pair it with my iPhone again (yes my Bluetooth was turned on). Returning it to TSC.


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The Orleans
|This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (December 2013)
|The Orleans
|Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.
|4500 West Tropicana Avenue
|Opening date
|December 28, 1996
|New Orleans
|Number of rooms
|Total gaming space
|135,000 sq ft (12,500 m2)
|Notable restaurants
|Canal Street Grille
Koji Sushi Bar and China Bistro
|Casino type
|Boyd Gaming
|Previous names
|Renovated in
|1999, 2004
|Official website
The Orleans is a hotel and casino located in Paradise, Nevada. It is owned and operated by Boyd Gaming. It includes the large multipurpose Orleans Arena that can be converted into an ice rink. It is a major home for poker in the Las Vegas Valley and was one of the biggest poker rooms in Las Vegas prior to the 21st century poker boom.[citation needed].
Though The Orleans attracts a fair number of tourists, it is primarily considered to be a locals casino. It is located about 0.8 miles (1.3 km) west of the Las Vegas Strip, but offers from 9:00 am to 12:30 am[1] a free shuttle bus approximately every 30 minutes to Bill's Gamblin' Hall and Saloon, which is just across the street from Bally's Las Vegas and Caesars Palace.
The Hotel and Casino opened in 1996. When the casino first opened, it did not perform up to expectations. In 1999 a major addition to the casino and other amenities were added. The success of these changes has been demonstrated by continued expansions in later years.
The Orleans Arena was added in 2003. A second hotel tower was added in 2004.
The location has the notoriety of having hosted the final concert performance from icon stand-up comedian George Carlin, in June 2008.
Besides its casino and arena, The Orleans includes:
- Movie theater
- Bowling center with 70 lanes, a pro shop
- Spa
- Beauty salon
Notable performers[edit]
- Air Supply
- Akon
- Paul Anka
- David Archuleta
- Atlantic Starr
- Stevie B
- Babyface
- Bassnectar
- Dierks Bentley
- Big Bad Voodoo Daddy
- Clint Black
- The Black Eyed Peas
- Boyz II Men
- Brooks & Dunn
- David Cassidy
- Alice Cooper
- Robert Cray
- Burton Cummings
- The Charlie Daniels Band
- Perry Danos
- Daughtry
- Dennis DeYoung
- Foghat
- Four Tops
- Kenny G
- Gin Blossoms
- Lesley Gore
- Lee Greenwood
- Engelbert Humperdinck
- Etta James
- The Everly Brothers
- Wynonna Judd
- Kansas
- Evelyn 'Champagne' King
- Gladys Knight
- Kris Kristofferson
- Jerry Lee Lewis
- Lifehouse
- Kenny Loggins
- Demi Lovato
- Patti LuPone
- The Manhattan Transfer
- The Marshall Tucker Band
- Richard Marx
- Jo Dee Messina
- Midnight Star
- Eddie Money
- Vince Neil
- Night Ranger
- Ted Nugent
- Daniel O'Donnell
- The Oak Ridge Boys
- Ohio Players
- Donny Osmond
- The Osmonds
- Panic! at the Disco
- Stephen Pearcy
- Peter, Paul & Mary
- Kellie Pickler
- Helen Reddy
- Andre Rieu
- Rihanna
- LeAnn Rimes
- Leon Russell
- Neil Sedaka
- Kenny Wayne Shepherd
- Frank Sinatra, Jr.
- Dee Snider
- The SOS Band
- Rick Springfield
- Sugarhill Gang
- The Temptations
- Three Dog Night
- Tone Lōc
- Tower of Power
- Trans-Siberian Orchestra
- Travis Tritt
- Tanya Tucker
- Uncle Kracker
- Van Halen
- Kip Winger
- Wisin & Yandel
- Lee Ann Womack
- Young MC
- The Righteous Brothers
- Jim Belushi
- Bill Engvall
- George Carlin
- Billy Gardell
- D. L. Hughley
- Lou Magelowitz
- Bill Maher
- Dennis Miller
- Tom Papa
- Don Rickles
- Bob Saget
- Sinbad
- The Smothers Brothers
- Lily Tomlin
- George Wallace
- Steven Wright
Dancers/illusionists/other celebrities:
- ^ Complimentary Shuttle Service Retrieved 29 January 2014
External links[edit]
Coordinates: 36°06′17″N 115°12′06″W / 36.104596°N 115.201607°W


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Internet Links
Company website. Many companies have a website that provides useful, timely information about that company, sometimes including annual reports. Search the company name in quotation marks in Google.
Annual Reports & Other SEC Filings
EDGAR. Securities and Exchange Commission website, provides electronic access to filings back to 1997.
AnnualReports.com. Online annual reports for many publicly traded companies.
Organization Charts
CogMap: The Org Chart Wiki. A Wiki that provides organization charts for companies and other organizations.
The Official Board offers charts for "the world's 20,000 largest corporations."
Company Rankings
Reuters. Ranks companies by size, sales, value, price performance, growth history, etc. Scroll down to the bottom of the landing page and select Site Index. Scroll down to Sectors & Industries and select the desired industry. On the next display select Company Rankings.
Other LibGuides
Rutgers University Library Research Guides: Business. Choose "Company Research." You will find well-organized links to in-depth information as well as strategy suggestions.
Databases, Indexes, Specialized Resources
Lexis Nexis Academic. Provides highly specialized information for company and industry research, including information on domestic and international public companies (for example: SEC filings, history, property, subsidiaries, officer and directors, dividends and stock split history, and annual stock price ranges.) Also provides information on private companiers. Provides complete text of news stories from U.S. and international newspapers, newsletters, business publications, and wire services.
Business Source Complete. Coverage of thousands of business periodicals and journals with full text articles for a majority of the citations. Also includes industry profiles, company profiles, market research reports, and SWOT analyses for U.S. and foreign firms.
International Directory of Company Histories. Provides in depth and up-to-date company history information for United States owned and international companies.
Passport GMID. Provides key business intelligence on industries, countries, markets, companies, and consumers. 1) Industry data - multi-country relational database of market and category sizes, market shares, distribution patterns, sales forecasts and other measurements relevant to each sector. 2) Country reports - in-depth analysis reports on both developed and emerging national markets. Each report provides qualitative commentary on sales trends, new product and marketing developments, consumer preferences, national company and brand competition and market strategies, and the views and assumptions underlying national sales forecasts. 3) Global reports assessing the key issues affecting international market performance, with a focus on important developments by product sector and big picture competition strategy. 4) Company profiles - analytical profiles of the top international players in the industry, compiled in a standardised format for cross analysis. 5) Comment - articles and presentations on key themes and discussion topics around the dynamics of the category. Also, provides extensive consumer lifestyle report for 82 countries.
IBISWorld. Industry Market Research. When doing company research, it helps to get a profile of the industry in which the company operates. IBISWorld provides reports on over 700 industries, written at the 5-digit level of NAICS. Each report includes key statistics, market characteristics, segmentation, industry conditions and performance, key competitors and factors, and outlook for U.S. industries. Also, includes 73 global industry reports.
Standard and Poor's Industry Surveys. Holland and Terrell Reference HC 106.6 S74 A comprehensive source that provides a basic overview of 52 major U.S. industries and includes statistical tables, charts, current analysis, recent development, and company comparisons.
Market Share Reporter. Presents market share data on over four thousand companies, and 2,500 products, facilities, and brands. Several entries are usually available under each industry.
See also Industry Research for more resources for researching industries.
What I Can Do for You
For students, I can:
- Recommend the best business databases to search for your research topic
- Answer your questions via email, phone or in-person
- Meet with you individually or in groups to hash out your topic or discuss business research strategies
- Tell you about library services
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- Track down tricky citations
- Introduce your students to research tools and strategies via a workshop
- Create a webpage tailored to your class assignment
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- Purchase books and other material needed for your research
- Tell you about new library services
- Communicate the department's concerns and information needs on to others in the Libraries
Business and Economics Librarian
Summer Schedule: No regular reference desk or office hours. Please contact for appointment or send email.
Contact Info
Terrell Library 120E
Office Phone: 509-335-8740
Fax: 509-335-6721
Skype Name mary.gilles47
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Profile & Guides
Library Catalog
WSU Libraries new shared library management service. With Search IT patrons can now use a single search box to find journals, books, articles, and digitized collections. They can also access some 9 million titles and 26 million resources from 36 other higher education institutions. Search IT replaces Griffin and WSU WorldCat.


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See the full forecast for your area.
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Home Ashford News Article
The Kentish Express received calls and emails from various employees at the hospital - following our story last week - who were dismayed at the announcement that staff parking permits would cost up to £500 more from next March.
East Kent Hospitals University Foundation Trust (EKHUFT) said the permits, which cost £178.61 currently, will cost £292 for the lowest paid staff while the highest paid will have to fork out £675 a year.
Charge nurse Mike Eve, pictured right, who has worked at the hospital for nine years, said: "This represents, for everyone, an increase way beyond the current inflation figure and is in fact, by it's nature, a pay cut for an already beleaguered staff force who have seen an increase in their annual nurse registration fee, their union subscriptions and like everyone else their overall cost of living, with their only pay increase being that of 1% over the last three years.
"Some staff have expressed concerns that the increase in charges may mean that they have to give up nursing as, for them, it is no longer financially viable.
"Over the last few years staff have had to accept that, whether they like it or not, they have to pay to park.
"I am not sure what more we can do to protest about this as the trust truly have the staff 'over a barrel' in this situation and it is probably up to individuals to express their discontent in a way which best suits them."
Another staff nurse, who wished to remain anonymous, said: "We are all fed up with it. I think I've got to look for another job if I have to pay £42 a month on top of what I get now, working nights and weekends, and having a lot of responsibility looking after people. I would love my wages to go up by that much but it's not going to happen."
A technician, who has worked at the hospital for more than five years and also did not want to be named, said: "I'm looking at an extra £20 a month if it does come about. Potentially if things go on increasing I don't know if I will be able to continue working or not. It may force me to look at alternative employment."
She added: "Every day on the news there's somebody slagging off the NHS. Nobody ever says anything nice about us. No wonder morale is low here.
"Everyone is feeling the same. This will force people out of jobs, I'm sure it will."
An EKHUFT spokesman said shift worker permits would be available for staff who work 20 hours a week or less, with those workers receiving a 25% discount.
It was added that 665 out of 7,000 employees, across all hospital sites, had taken part in the consultation.
Trust chief executive Stuart Bain said parking had become an issue across the group and the increases were needed to addess long-standing issues.
"We have to accept that the facilities were built for a smaller workforce, that improvements cost money and that we need a new system that treats people more fairly," he said.
The proposals, which were also intended to encourage more people to use greener methods of travel, will be used to create an extra 750 staff parking spaces and improve facilities.
Click here for more news from Ashford.
Click here for more news from around the county.


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'Four Weddings' Season 5 premiere: Aerial silks and free tattoos on 'And a Flying Trapeze'Add to Favorites | Four Weddings
"Four Weddings" Season 5 premieres Friday (Aug. 15); another season of brides not-so-silently judging each other on one of the most important days of their lives in order to get a killer honeymoon. But there's something kind of refreshing and well, nice, about this premiere. Happily, the four brides in "And a Flying Trapeze" actually liked each other, and saved the drama for another time.
If you don't know the premise of the show, all four brides attend all of the weddings -- once as the bride, of course, and three times as a guest. They then rank each wedding on best dress, venue and food, and give an overall score value as well. After some number crunching, each bride gets a score out of a possible 120 on their wedding. There's no do-over, no second takes. These are their actual weddings being judged by strangers.
Is it all based on opinion? Absolutely. And none of the brides who have ever been on this show are non-opinionated shrinking violets. With a mix of structured traditional and eclectic, laid-back funky styles, the weddings are all different and hard to compare side-by-side. But they do it anyway so of course there's a winner. The "Four Weddings" bride with the highest score wins a luxury honeymoon trip that is pretty darn amazing.
Zap2it spoke with two of the brides from the season premiere, who are still fast friends, Monica and Kari. Kari is co-owner of Emerald City Trapeze in Seattle, so of course, she made her grand entrance dropping from the trapeze school's ceiling on an aerial silk. Monica provided her guests with the most lasting wedding favor possible: a free tattoo. A tattoo artist was set up at the reception to mark guests with a signature piece of art: an infinity symbol-slash-number 8. Who needs Jordan almonds, really?
"It was a little awkward to be saying something so personal when you have a camera right behind your head, but no, we're used to being in the public eye because we do a lot of shows," says Kari. In fact, she didn't tell her then-fiance Gary that she'd signed them up to be on a reality show. "I didn't tell him we'd made the first round of interviews until it happened. We were eating teriyaki and I said, 'This thing happened ... is this OK?'"
Importantly, the four brides tried to maintain a sense of camaraderie and togetherness from the start. "There wasn't going to be drama between us, because we liked each other, and we supported each other," says Kari of their relationship. "None of us wanted to tear each other apart. It wasn't an 'alliance' or anything, but we were all on the same page."
Monica, the funky "cougar" bride who married a man a wee bit younger than herself, actually signed up to be on the show without seeing it first, and then "freaked out a little bit" once she caught a particularly drama-filled episode. "The girls were so mean to each other, and catty, and I'm not a mean person," she says. "So I worried a little bit that things had to be perfect so people didn't put me down.
"I was most excited about going to awesome weddings," says Monica. "I learned that I didn't want a certain kind of decoration. I totally changed my centerpieces."
Did either bride change anything about their wedding because they were going to be for public consumption eventually? Monica says yes; Kari, no. "I worked harder on losing weight because I knew it was going to be on TV, but I still made my dream wedding," Kari says. "I just intensified what I was already doing."
Kari promised her team at Emerald City that nothing would change because it was going to be on TV. "We made a pact between ourselves and staff and said we're not going to change a single thing," she says. "We want it to be a completely authentic experience and we did that. We did exactly what we wanted."
Monica credits their hometown of Seattle for some of the laid-back vibe of this episode. "They put me with really cool people, and I assumed I would be up against people who would be opposites of me. I figured that's what the show was about," says Monica. "I made a commitment to myself in the very beginning that I would not insult anyone personally."
In a time when all reality shows seem to survive by either capturing or manufacturing flat out meanness, this joyful episode stands out because Kari, Monica, and the other brides, Briana and Karen, respected each other's choices and had, gasp, fun at each other's weddings. These women had fun being brides on a TV show about weddings and love and honeymoons and pretty dresses and flowers. Shocking.
That does actually make for good TV amidst all the hair-pulling and name-calling you can see on pretty much any other bridezilla show. Not that we don't want to see some of that at times too, but reality TV can actually feed the romantic in us without making our jaws drop. As Kari says, "We've formed some life-long friendships, and the group is still in contact." Nice, eh?
That does actually make for good TV amidst all the hair-pulling and name-calling you can see on pretty much any other bridezilla show. Not that we don't want to see some of that at times too, but reality TV can actually feed the romantic in us without making our jaws drop. As Kari says, "We've formed some life-long friendships, and the group is still in contact." Nice, eh?
How many people took Monica up on her free infinity symbol/8 tattoo as a wedding favor? A fabulous 53 guests are now walking around as part of Monica's tribe.
So who won the luxury getaway honeymoon? Tune in Friday at 9 p.m. ET/PT on TLC to find out.
Photo/Video credit: TLC


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2013 Honda CB1100
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The other Ferret
Motorcycle nut
Joined: Jan 2013
Location: Southwest Ohio
Oddometer: 269
Originally Posted by
The problem with the Suzi occured sitting in stop and go traffic and it was hot let me tell you. We were all about to die. He had the clutch in and it learched forward as if he snapped the clutch. I had the same thing happen on an old Chevy S10 truck except my clutch didnt come back. I lost the clutch cylinder with zero warning.
The car companies use the hydraulic system for easier clutch engagement ect but I see no advantage other than that. And, I owned one of the last Mustangs without it and the pedal effort was very low to begin with and I see no use for a hydraulic clutch system.
Well when I worked in the industry from 70 to 89, we had walls filled with cables and people carried spares on vacation because they tended to dry out(remember dri- slide lubricant with the little bb inside and the long metal nozzle? ), quit working and the ends ( barrels) would pull off. I've ridden home several times using vice grips to either pull in a clutch or open and close the throttle. Later cables had a teflon coating which put an end to most of it, but other than your buddies experience Ive never heard of a hydraulic operated clutch failing, especially if they are bled every couple years and new fluid put in. I have no issues with cable operated clutches or hydraulically operated clutches, so it doesn't matter to me one way or the other.
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