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Hi. I'd would like to know if anyboy could help in my DCS migration. Today I have a TDC3000 and I'm intending to make a full subsitution of this system to ABB AC800 or Yokogawa CS3000. First, I'd like to know if does anybody have experienced this kind of migration. Second, if does anybody know if I can sell my currente system (as spare parts, for example). Is there any used DCS market anywhere (in Brazil if possible)? Thanks a lot for the help.
Hi Marcos,
I've been involved in a couple of migration projects, including a TDC2000 to AC800 migration project. a) On the hardware side, the only option is to do re-wiring. Exactly how you do it is dependent on a number of factors, but after the migration project the wires must be connected directly from the field instrumentation to the new DCS. b) The actual change-over of loops from the old system to the new can be done either on-line or off-line with the process shut down and many factors would determine the best choice for each case. A combination is very often used; do the non-critical loops on-line with the plant running attempting to cover most loops like this and then do the critical loops off-line with the plant shut down. c) One must at least evaluate to do automatic software configuration. For the existing Honeywell system you can get text files ("EB"-files to use the Honeywell term) of the software configuration. Now you must write a custom computer programs to convert this to a format suitable for the new system. Although I have done something similar, I would be very sceptical and challenge this approach. (Let's just say I've learnt the hard way that it's not always wise to be too clever). The default approach that I would follow is to do the software configuration of the new system from scratch.
I hope this helps.
Pieter Steenekamp
marcos_rhco wrote:
With regards to the hardware, Honeywell may be interested in buying the spare equipment as part of their certified recycled parts program.
Check the information and 'buy back form' at: http://hpsweb.honeywell.com/Cultures/en-US/Services/MaintenanceSupport/CertifiedRecycledParts/Default.htm
Good luck with your project.
Stewart Peake.
I have been involved in two migrations. The first was from a TDC2000/Modicon PLC system to a Foxboro I/A DCS and it involved installing new I/O cabinets and completely rewiring all the field devices. We performed the migration over a two year period and had both systems running side by side until the migration was completed. The upside was it was a slow transition for the operators, the downside was it took forever and rewiring everything was very expensive. The second migration was from a Westinghouse WDPF to a Foxboro I/A system using migration cards and utilizing the existing Westinghouse racks and field wiring. An 900 I/O point system was migrated in two days. The upside was it was quick and very cost effective, the downside was the operators had a very rapid transition to the new system, although that is quite manageable with good training. If you haven't seen the I/A migration route I'd definitely check it out as a comparison to your ABB or Yokogawa solution.
..of course the *downside* to retaining the existing racks and field wiring is that you are now stuck with multi-vendor support issues and when the Westinghouse bits fail at 12 midnight because a crucial speck of dust was disturbed during the upgrade and you've run out of spares and can no longer buy a replacement part (because Westinghouse are p*** that you didn't go with them), you are back where you started.
To avoid all this, you still need to progressively change over the racks and field wiring once the new system is up and running, and since you then need to replace your I/O cards (again!) - because migration cards don't fit in standard racks - the cost of the project skyrockets.
Although the side-by-side method is longer and more painful - at least you wind up with a fully-supported and up-to-date control system in the end (and happier operators and maintenance managers ;-)
Cameron, I am not sure what your experience was or what company it was with but this was my experience with Foxboro.
The only Westinghouse components that were retained were the racks, the field wiring assembly's, and a few power supplies. It has been my experience that the racks and the field wiring assemblies rarely have anything go wrong with them unless you have a catastrophic failure. If I need one, and I haven't since the original system was installed in 1989, I can get one from someone other then Westinghouse. Foxboro anticipated that most vendors won't want to support a system that was migrated to a competitors system and fully supports the completed installation including the non-Foxboro components of the new system. There is no need to replace I/O cards again after the project is done. The new migration cards are identical to the latest Foxboro I/O cards except they are in a form that will fit into a competitors frame, in my case it was a WDPF Q crate. This was a compelling reason for us to go the I/A route because the Westinghouse solution was to retain the existing 15 year old I/O which would have put us into a bind in the near future. If any I/O needs to added in the future you can either buy more migration cards if rack space is available or you can add a new enclosure with standard I/O modules. The standard I/O modules are cheaper and it makes more sense to go that route if you are adding a significant amaount of I/O. Both the migration I/O and the standard I/O co-exist on the same network and they are the same as far as the system is considered. We chose the side by side route for the first migration because the TDC/Modicon installation was a mess and the I/O was located in the control room and we wanted to distribute it in the field. The migration solution was chosen for the second project because the WDPF installation was pretty clean and we would have never been able to justify the capital expense of a complete replacement of the field wiring. Both routes have pluses and minuses. I don't work for Foxboro if that is what you are wondering. I can say that they are the most customer service oriented control system vendor I have worked with in the past 18 years.
I have to agree with Eric for three reasons; I like to work with Foxboro gear and software, there is a hidden cost to all control systems - documentation and time to make the changes. Most control systems are self-documenting to some degree but I am still looking for a field wiring system that is.
Speaking from personal experience, we have some control gear that is very quickly approaching extinction and there isn't much I can do about it because we lose so much revenue shut down. We have three different kinds of outage; a 5 day annual outage, a 10 day outage every so often and a 30 day outage every 4 or 5 years. We count the days from breaker open to breaker closed, those days will include plant shutdown and plant startup. That is the most I will ever get. So I would rather not change my field wiring (why should I?) and live with better software and operator interfaces.
Of course, I have also worked on complete upgrades in a previous life. All of them were machines or materials handling lines where we had the luxury of weekends where we could swing bits from one system to another.
email@example.com says...
That's two reasons, and have never worked with the Foxboro gear so I can't comment on the first one. I agree that most customers don't take change documentation and time into account - they just want it done, and done now! - but again I can't see how that makes a partial conversion less painful in the long run.
The systems we tend to work on (airport refuelling, power generation and the like) often cannot be shut down at all - changeovers must be done live with proper training and procedures in place. Breaker open to close must be minutes not days... all the more reason to have a complete working system right next to you that you can fall back to very quickly.
P'raps I got it wrong, but I took Eric's "field wiring" to mean connections from the signal conditioning nests to the field and not the field wiring itself, per se. The better systems out there (Yokogawa, etc.) all allow you to re-use the old nests and terminal blocks and literally unplug the old I/O and plug in the new.
If Foxboro have a _full_ range of I/O in "migration package" format to suit Westinghouse racks - that's great and if so, they would be one of the only ones. Manufacturing I/O cards to fit different manuafcturer's racks is extremely expensive and not very common in my experience. More common is to replace the old processor with a "Remote I/O Migration Module" allowing you to use an entire I/O rack as 'Remote I/O", connected to the new node in the cabinet next door using some form of high-speed comms.
With this sort of system, although it's great for testing and you can get your new platform up an going really fast, the truth is that once a system is "migrated", the old bits remaining are forgotten, just waiting for the next I/O card to fail...
Have you considered Honeywell's New Experion platform for your migration? They offer large discounts on hardware costs for customers who already have an installed legacy system like the TDC3000. I haven't had any experience with ABB or Yokogawa but I have with Rockwell's PLC5's and Controllogix and I'll take the robustness and reliability of Honeywell any day over Rockwell.
Gee, it's a bit rough comparing a Honeywell DCS with a Rockwell PLC. That's a bit like comparing a Mack truck with a Morris Minor. :-)
BTW: There's absolutely nothing wrong with either the ABB or the Yokogawa product..
The Honeywell Experian system is a AB plc with a server connected to it and a WEB browser connect to the server. If you want IT to do process automation by sending the work to India then Experian is the system you want. This is from first hand experience.
I suggest you check out the new Allen-Bradley systems. They can do everything a DCS does for less than half the price, and there are many independent integrator close by.
If you look closely, I think you'll find that the CPU is *not* made by AB. Honeywell only use the ControlLogix backplane, power supply and I/O 'cause it's cheaper than making their own.
..and AB systems cannot do even half of what an average DCS can do. For starters, they're not even in the same market.
I think you have it wrong. The experian system cannot do want a PLC can do. For one thing it cannot communicate with other systems. I know one place it was installed and to get an OEM's PLC to communicate with it required hard wire inputs and outputs to be wired from the PLC to the DCS.
Also, as far as cost, the AB I/O etc. is more expensive than the Honeywell. There are several places where the experian system was installed and Honeywell I/O was used because of cost.
In most processes you want to control temperature, pressure, etc and log data. The PLC systems can do all of this. The DCS is great for large integrate oil refineries especially when they spend the money for optimization routines, but most application a PLC that is compliant with the IEC 1131 programs can handle most applications
sits in the Rockwell chassis) can talk "peer to peer" to PLC's using any of the following protocols, which covers all the cases I have come across so far... - Modbus RTU using the SIM module (Serial Interface Module) which covers lots of PLCs. - Allen Bradley DH+ using the SIM module - Allen-Bradley PCCC or CIP via Ethernet or ControlNet to PLC5/ ControlLogix/etc. - Profibus DP - DeviceNet - hardwired I/O
And there are a few neat things that I like about the Experion Controllers which I have not seen done well (or in some cases at all) in PLC's yet, such as: - Viewing the logic charts with live data in the operator stations without any additional configuration, just call up the tag detail in the station. - Truly only a single database for tags. Build the logic and it is available without any import, translation or anything, just use the tag. - Model Predictive Control in the Controller, which is a great improvement over PID for controlling systems with transport delays. - On-process migration for firmware and software upgrades so there is no downtime for control of the process. - Seamless controller redundancy which requires only configuration of a couple of modules and no code. - Advanced continuous control function blocks which automatically support cascading loops, back initialisation, mode handling, safety interlocks, etc.
There are of course some tasks which will be more suited to a PLC , like lots of fast digital I/O or fast sequencing, high speed motion control, etc. The top end of Experion can talk to PLCs from many vendors, and then you can mix PLC's and C200's in the same system using each when they make sense, and providing all the data on a common HMI.
Essentially what this means is you can link the Honeywell C200 platform to Rockwell ControlLogix PLCs (in parts of the the plant that need fast digital I/O processing) getting the best of both DCS and PLC functionality and at the same time reducing the spares count.
A win-win situation for large mixed-use plants (steel milling, etc.) and definitely the way of the future for all modern control systems.
replying to marcos_rhco, Innovativeman wrote:
I'm questioning your rationale on what you would like to change to [ABB AC800 or Yokogawa CS3000]. It may be worth considering upgrading to Honeywell Experion - There would more support from Honeywell.
The best resale would be a trade-in with Honeywell. There are re-sellers of PLC and DCS used/surplus equipment -but I don't think they would give you a better deal than Honeywell's trade-in.
Polytechforum.com is a website by engineers for engineers. It is not affiliated with any of manufacturers or vendors discussed here. All logos and trade names are the property of their respective owners.


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The figures are staggering. Even a minor easing of the US blockade against Cuba would create tens of thousands new jobs in the US.
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I tried to upgrade a wp installation from 2 to 2.7. I deactivated all plugins, replaced all the files as mentionned the 5 min install and when try to upgrade i get this message/
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Middlesbrough Message Board
you are viewing a single comment's thread.view the rest of the posts
Everyone's gone very quiet
Some good points raised there Juddy Bouy,
When did you last win something? you didn't mention that in your mail. Have you this century?
Not loving your chairman? Don't moan at me for Boro having a top bloke in charge. its not my fault he's not a prick.
When did you last win something?
How long is your drought?
Has anything been won in your life time at NUFC?
Do you flick through news clippings of black and white (literally) photos of your team picking up trophies and feel the pride swell. (along withsomething else when your looking at pictures of men? Or was it a youth team?)
Me, I remeber watching the game.
EU finals, I can still see the seat I was sat in at the ground. Yes it hurt. But I was there (got the scarf and everything!)
Poor surroundings? I'm semi retired at 28 living on the south coast of Spain near Marbella (that's where all the rich people go on holiday. You know, holidays..... those bank holiday trips to Redcar.......Daddy....bags of sweets... not telling Mummy.....). Go on knock my personal achievements and where I come from it hurts so bad. And as you say Newcastle is on the up but you didn't say that you were part of it! Dole boy bet you like some skag as well.
Hows the bet at Ladbrooks you did mention?
Jog on! What you just seen Green St. You bad boy! Jog on! You now saying your from the East End? You trying to mug me off?
You jog on before I mug you off Kok boy.
Better stick to Corrie sayings from now on, its close to your part of the country! OOOH Ashley!Sort: Newest | Oldest | Most Replied Expand all replies
A Yahoo! User Sep 24, 2006 06:40 Flag
PMSL @dougborodickshit!
I really get to you, dont I? (winks)
Newcastle Uniteds trophy drought, yeah? Its not actually my fault is it? and your point is what exactly? yawn! yawn! yawn!
Harping on about being semi-retired and personal achievements etc, HA HA HA HA! what a load of bollocks! your really full of shit, full stop and end.
Anyone who has to come out with bullshit like that on a message board obviously isnt anything like what he says he is, I dont brag about what I do, because I dont really see the point.
I could say I was fucking God on the internet and nobody would really give two fucks, thats how I feel about your 'alleged rich' life, theres loads of dickheads like you in cyber space who reckon they are the dogs bollocks, when in reality they are fuck all.
Day trips to Redcar? Middlesbroughs' equivilent of Whitley Bay, (except scruffier isnt it?) a whole load cheaper and full of easy whores and smackheads, oh! and a race course! Nice view of Wilton from that shithole too!
I've been to Florida earlier this year, which is certainly much more expensive than shitty Spain (Spains a bit 80s for holidays you know?), and I also nipped over to Germany for a couple of weeks during the World Cup.
Perhaps if I'd been a billionaire like you, I could have went to every England match and perhaps bought a German village whilst I was there? (smirks)
The Mummy, Daddy and packets of sweets lines ey? very natural behaviour that in Teesside isnt it? I appreciate you opening up about your childhood, but I'm not qualified as a shrink, and I sure as fuck dont want to hear about your problems.
Its funny how its Middlesbrough thats associated with kiddy fiddlers and NOT Newcastle. That shit always sticks with the smoggys, doesnt it?
I was at two FA Cup finals that Newcastle United lost not so many years back, so what? Your precious Boro certainly isnt the only team to lose a cup final you know? but Boro are just bad losers period, and that 4-0 stuffing really was hilarious to watch.
Having the scarf and everything doesnt really impress me fella, I'm surprised that your not claiming to have an executive box at the Riverside that you share with your imaginary friends and keep your bullshit in.
Corrie? oh! Coronation Street! Last time I watched that I was about 8 or 9, sorry I'm not into soap operas, shows you know very little about me.
Manchesters closer to Middlesbrough than it is to Newcastle dickhead, explain how smoggys sound like a cross between scousers and mackems then?
What a dodgy fucking accent it is in smoggy land, and everyone has really irritaing squeeky voices too, I gather this is because all smoggys are closet puffs? I can tell you fancy me, thats why your suggesting homo-sexual tendancies in your messages.
Mug me? PMSL why would you do that if you were a billionaire? What a silly wanker you are.
Dole boy? skag? Kok boy? Mug you? <------ you tosser, I'm laughing at you.
A Yahoo! User Sep 23, 2006 00:56 Flag
Nice one Douggie PMSL..see you in the pub at the weekend


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Articles on this page are available in 1 other language: Spanish (1) (learn more)
Comprehensive Description
General Description
Rudbeckia hirta was first described by Linnaeus in 1753 in Species Plantarum. In 1904, O.A. Farwell described the variety pulcherrima in the Annual Report of the Michigan Academy of Science. Then, in 1957, R. Perdue, Jr., published "Synopsis of Rudbeckia Subgenus Rudbeckia" in which the four recognized varieties included hirta, pulcherrima, angustifolia and floridana.
Rudbeckia hirta L., black-eyed Susan, is a biennial forb about 1 m tall with yellow ray flowers and dark brown spherical centers. After germination, the seedling grows into a rosette with oblong leaves. Sometimes flower stalks will appear in the first summer, but typically black-eyed Susan blooms from June to September of the second year. After flowering and seed maturation, the plants die. The seed is very small (1,746,000 per pound) and black, about 2 mm long and 0.5 mm in diameter.
Range and Habitat in Illinois
National Distribution
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
United States
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
east of the Rocky Mountains [45,51]. It has been sporadically introduced
into the Pacific Northwest [35]. Black-eyed Susan has also been
introduced in Europe as an ornamental and can now be found growing wild
in seminatural stands [57].
Rudbeckia hirta var. hirta occurs from Pennsylvania to Georgia and
sparingly north to Maine and west to Illinois [26]. Rudbeckia hirta
var. angustifolia is in the South [28]. Rudbeckia hirta var. brittonii
is found in the southeastern United States [48,55]. Rudbeckia hirta
var. floridana is found in central Florida [61]. Rudbeckia hirta var.
pulcherrima is widespread, especially in disturbed habitats [26].
Regional Distribution in the Western United States
This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):
2 Cascade Mountains
3 Southern Pacific Border
5 Columbia Plateau
8 Northern Rocky Mountains
10 Wyoming Basin
13 Rocky Mountain Piedmont
14 Great Plains
15 Black Hills Uplift
16 Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands
Occurrence in North America
Rudbeckia hirta spans the entire U.S., except Arizona and Montana, and the southern reaches of Canada. Var. pulcherrima can be found throughout this entire range, but the other varietal populations are localized. Var. floridana is isolated in southern Florida, while var. angustifolia grows through the entire Gulf Coastal plain. Var. hirta is mostly found from the Appalachians to Illinois, but it can be found along the entire U.S. Atlantic coast. (Urbatsch & Cox, 2006.)
For more information, see the map provided by Flora of North America.
Distribution and adaptation
Black-eyed Susan is naturalized in most of the states east of Kansas and the bordering areas of Canada. It is adapted throughout the Northeast on soils with a drainage classification range from well-drained to somewhat poorly drained. It will perform acceptably on droughty soils during years with average or above rainfall, but best growth is achieved on sandy, well drained sites. It is winter hardy in areas where low temperatures are between -30 ° and -20 °F.
For a current distribution map, please consult the Plant Profile page for this species on the PLANTS Website.
Physical Description
Black-eyed Susan is a native, warm-season, annual, biennial or
short-lived perennial forb [26,34]. It has one to a few stems [4] 12 to
40 inches (0.3-1.0 m) tall [26], which are erect and sometimes sparingly
branched [33]. The lower leaves are 2 to 6 inches (5-15 cm) long [28],
alternate and petioled [34]. The upper leaves are mostly sessile [26].
The inflorescences are few to many flower heads on peduncles 2 to 8
inches (5-20 cm) long [34]. The fruit is an achene 0.06 inches (1.5 mm)
long; there is no pappus [33]. Black-eyed Susan has a taproot or a
cluster of fibrous roots [28]. It is a mycorrhizal species [43].
Key taken from Flora of North America. (Urbatsch & Cox, 2006.)
1. Annuals, biennials, or perennials; stems branched at bases or proximal to or
at or near mid heights, leafy mostly toward bases (leaves smaller distally);
peduncles usually at least ½ plant heights (Gulf Coastal Plain, Florida to Texas).
2. Stems branched mostly at or near mid heights; basal leaves oblanceolate,
faces hispid to + sericeous; Georgia to Texas…………………………….
……………………………..……….19a. Rudbeckia hirta var. angustifolia
2. Stems branched at or near bases (plants often scapiform); basal leaves
obovate to nearly orbiculate, faces scabrous to hirsute; c, s Florida……..
…………………………………………19b. Rudbeckia hirta var. floridana
1. Biennials or perennials; stems branched mostly beyond mid heights, leafy +
throughout; peduncles to 1/3 plant heights.
3. Leaves: basal blades broadly ovate to broadly elliptic, 2.5-7 cm wide (lengths
mostly 2 times widths), margins coarsely toothed; cauline (sometimes sessile)
lanceolate, ovate, or pandurate (mostly Appalachian Highlands to Illinois) …….
……………………………………………………19c. Rudbeckia hirta var. hirta
3. Leaves: basal blades lanceolate to oblanceolate, 1-2.5(-5) cm wide (lengths
3-5 times widths), margins entire or serrulate; cauline blades spatulate,
oblanceolate, or broadly linear……… 19d. Rudbeckia hirta var. pulcherrima
Diagnostic Description
"Annuals, biennials, or perennials, to 100 cm (taprooted or roots fibrous). Stems hispid to hirsute (hairs spreading, 1+ mm). Leaves: blades elliptic, lanceolate, or ovate (not lobed), bases attenuate to cuneate, margins entire or serrate, apices acute, faces hispid to hirsute; basal petiolate, blades 8–30 × 0.5–7 cm; cauline petiolate or sessile, blades (sometimes pandurate) 3–20 × 0.4–4 cm. Heads borne singly or (2–5) in loose, corymbiform arrays. Phyllaries to 3 cm (faces hispid to hirsute). Receptacles hemispheric to ovoid; paleae 4–6 mm, apices acute, often attenuate, abaxial tips hirsute to hispid. Ray florets 8–16; laminae (usually uniformly yellow to yellow-orange or with a basal maroon splotch, sometimes mostly maroon) elliptic to oblong or oblanceolate, 15–45 × 5–10 mm, abaxially hispid to hirsute. Discs 12–22 × 10–20 mm. Disc florets 250–500+; corollas proximally yellowish green, distally brown-purple, 3–4.2 mm; style branches ca. 1.5 mm, apices subulate. Cypselae 1.5–2.7 mm; pappi 0."
Urbatsch, Lowell E. and Patricia B. Cox. "Rudbeckia" in Flora of North America, Vol. 21, p. 53 Oxford University Press, Inc., New York, NY. 2006.
Look Alikes
Rudbeckia hirta and Thelesperma filfolium have very similar flower heads, but can be distinguished by differences in foliage. R. hirta is also commonly confused with its cousin, R. fulgida.
Range and Habitat in Illinois
Habitat characteristics
low to moderate water requirements, and grows in full sun to partial
shade [51]. It is found in plains and open woods [18,19], sunny
roadsides and meadows [57], sandhills and bogs [12], and disturbed
places [35].
Black-eyed Susan occurs at the following elevations:
Elevation (feet) Elevation (meters)
Key Plant Community Associations
In southwest Michigan black-eyed Susan occurs in wet prairie in
association with goldenrods (Solidago spp.), sedges (Carex spp.), Indian
grass (Sorghastrum nutans), marsh fern (Thelypteris palustris),
queen-of-the-prairie (Filipendula rubra), purple meadowrue (Thalictrum
dasycarpum), prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata), and cowbane
(Oxypolis pectinata) [40].
Associates of black-eyed Susan in tallgrass prairie in central Illinois
include leadplant (Amorpha canescens), sawtooth sunflower (Helianthus
grosseserratus), stiff sunflower (Helianthus rigidus), rattlesnake
master (Eryngium yuccifolium), New Jersey tea (Ceanothus americanus),
and flowering spurge (Euphorbia corollata) [38].
Associates of black-eyed Susan in remnant upland tallgrass prairie in
west-central Missouri include eastern red-cedar (Juniperus virginiana),
dewberry (Rubus flagellaris), chokecherry (Prunus virginiana), buck
brush (Symphoricarpos orbiculatus), leadplant (Amorpha canescens), and
wild snowball (Ceanothus americanus) [37].
Associates of black-eyed Susan in montane meadow grasslands within the
Rocky Mountain, Sierran, and Madrean montane conifer forests include
bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum), California false-hellebore (Veratrum
californicum), monkey flower (Mimulus nasutum), mountain brome (Bromus
marginatus), and iris (Iris missouriensis) [10].
Associates of black-eyed Susan in Sequoia National Park, California, on
sites adjacent to a giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) grove
include California wood fern (Dryopteris arguta), beaked hazel (Corylus
cornuta), American trailplant (Adenocaulon bicolor), incense-cedar
(Libocedrus decurrens), bush chinquapin (Chrysolepis sempervirens),
Richardson geranium (Geranium richardsonii), California buckeye
(Aesculus californica), white hedgenettle (Stachys albens), white fir
(Abies concolor), sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana), Sierra gooseberry
(Ribes roezlii), and western cowbane (Oxypolis occidentalis) [3].
Habitat: Plant Associations
This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):
K005 Mixed conifer forest
K007 Red fir forest
K012 Douglas-fir forest
K015 Western spruce - fir forest
K017 Black Hills pine forest
K018 Pine - Douglas-fir forest
K023 Juniper - pinyon woodland
K040 Saltbush - greasewood
K066 Wheatgrass - needlegrass
K072 Sea oats prairie
K073 Northern cordgrass prairie
K074 Bluestem prairie
K081 Oak savanna
K082 Mosaic of K074 and K100
K083 Cedar glades
K084 Cross Timbers
K095 Great Lakes pine forest
K096 Northeastern spruce - fir forest
K098 Northern floodplain forest
K099 Maple - basswood forest
K100 Oak - hickory forest
K102 Beech - maple forest
K104 Appalachian oak forest
K106 Northern hardwoods
K107 Northern hardwoods - fir forest
K110 Northeastern oak - pine forest
K111 Oak - hickory - pine forest
K112 Southern mixed forest
Habitat: Ecosystem
This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):
More info for the term: shrub
FRES10 White - red - jack pine
FRES11 Spruce - fir
FRES12 Longleaf - slash pine
FRES13 Loblolly - shortleaf pine
FRES14 Oak - pine
FRES15 Oak - hickory
FRES17 Elm - ash - cottonwood
FRES18 Maple - beech - birch
FRES19 Aspen - birch
FRES20 Douglas-fir
FRES21 Ponderosa pine
FRES23 Fir - spruce
FRES30 Desert shrub
FRES35 Pinyon - juniper
FRES37 Mountain meadows
FRES38 Plains grasslands
FRES39 Prairie
FRES41 Wet grasslands
Habitat: Cover Types
This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):
1 Jack pine
14 Northern pin oak
15 Red pine
16 Aspen
19 Gray birch - red maple
20 White pine - northern red oak - red maple
26 Sugar maple - basswood
31 Red spruce - sugar maple - beech
32 Red spruce
33 Red spruce - balsam fir
37 Northern white-cedar
40 Post oak - blackjack oak
42 Bur oak
45 Pitch pine
46 Eastern redcedar
52 White oak - black oak - northern red oak
53 White oak
55 Northern red oak
60 Beech - sugar maple
62 Silver maple - American elm
70 Longleaf pine
71 Longleaf pine - scrub oak
76 Shortleaf pine - oak
78 Virginia pine - oak
80 Loblolly pine - shortleaf pine
83 Longleaf pine - slash pine
84 Slash pine
107 White spruce
110 Black oak
207 Red fir
210 Interior Douglas-fir
220 Rocky Mountain juniper
237 Interior ponderosa pine
239 Pinyon - juniper
251 White spruce - aspen
All varieties of R. hirta can be found in open spaces such as meadows, roadsides and fields, and open woody areas.
Black-eyed Susan is easily established with most critical area seeding techniques. Generally ½ lb. of seed per acre is sufficient in mixes with conservation grasses, legumes, and other forbs. Where the intent is to maximize the impact of the forb component, utilize bunchgrasses rather than aggressively spreading grasses such as reed canarygrass or bromegrass. Once established, new seedlings will be produced from the preceding crop; the stand may perpetuate itself indefinitely.
Trophic Strategy
Flower-Visiting Insects of Black-Eyed Susan in Illinois
(Bees collect pollen or suck nectar; flies and beetles feed on pollen or suck nectar; other insects suck nectar; observations are from Robertson, Reed, Evans, Graenicher, Moure & Hurd, Petersen, LaBerge, Herms, Grundel & Pavlovic, Krombein et al., Mawdsley, Estes & Thorp, Swengel & Swengel, MacRae, Lisberg & Young, Smith et al., and Grundel et al. as indicated below)
Bees (long-tongued)
Apidae (Apinae): Apis mellifera sn (Rb, Ev); Apidae (Bombini): Bombus bimaculatus (Pt), Bombus fraternus (Smh), Bombus griseocallis (Re, Smh), Bombus impatiens (Re); Anthophoridae (Ceratinini): Ceratina sp. (Re), Ceratina calcarata (Gnd), Ceratina dupla dupla sn cp fq (Rb, Gr, Ev), Ceratina mikmaqi (Gnd), Ceratina strenua (Gnd); Anthophoridae (Epeolini): Epeolus bifasciatus sn (Gr), Epeolus interruptus sn (Rb), Epeolus minimus sn (Gr), Triepeolus cressonii cressonii sn (Gr), Triepeolus lunatus concolor sn (Rb), Triepeolus simplex sn (Smh); Anthophoridae (Eucerini): Melissodes agilis sn (Gr), Melissodes bimaculata bimaculata (LB), Melissodes boltoniae sn cp fq (Rb), Melissodes communis communis (Smh), Melissodes illata (Gnd), Melissodes subillata (Re, Gnd), Melissodes trinodis sn (Rb, Gr, Re), Svastra aegis (Smh), Svastra obliqua obliqua sn (Rb), Svastra petulca (Smh); Anthophoridae (Nomadini): Epeoloides pilosula sn (Gr), Nomada articulata sn (Rb, Gr), Nomada placida sn (Gr); Anthophoridae (Xylocopini): Xylocopa virginica fq (Smh); Megachilidae (Coelioxini): Coelioxys alternata sn (Re, Gnd), Coelioxys mexicana sn (Smh), Coelioxys octodentata sn (Rb), Coelioxys texana sn (Gr); Megachilidae (Megachilini): Megachile albitarsis (Smh), Megachile brevis brevis sn (Rb), Megachile latimanus sn (Gr, Ev), Megachile mendica (Ev, Smh), Megachile montivaga sn cp (Rb), Megachile parallela parallela sn cp (Rb), Megachile petulans (Smh), Megachile policaris fq (Smh), Megachile pugnata sn cp (Rb, Re, Gnd), Megachile xylocopoides fq (Smh); Megachilidae (Osmiini): Osmia georgica (Smh); Megachilidae (Trypetini): Heriades leavitti sn cp (Rb, Smh)
Bees (short-tongued)
Halictidae (Doufoureinae): Dufourea marginatus marginatus (MH); Halictidae (Halictinae): Agapostemon sericea sn (Rb), Agapostemon splendens (MH), Agapostemon texanus texanus (Re), Agapostemon virescens sn cp (Rb, Ev, Re), Augochlora pura (Gnd), Augochlorella aurata fq (Smh, Gnd), Augochlorella striata sn cp (Rb, Gr, Re), Halictus confusus sn cp (Gr), Halictus ligatus sn cp fq (Rb, Gr, Re, Smh, Gnd), Halictus rubicundus sn cp (Gr, Ev, Pt, Smh), Halictus sp. (Lasioglossum sp.) sn (Gr), Lasioglossum albipennis sn cp (Gr), Lasioglossum cinctipes sn cp (Gr), Lasioglossum coreopsis cp (Rb), Lasioglossum coriaceus (Ev), Lasioglossum foxii sn cp (Gr), Lasioglossum imitatus sn cp (Gr), Lasioglossum leucozonium (Gnd), Lasioglossum lustrans sn np (ET, Smh), Lasioglossum pectorale sn cp fq (Rb, Gr, Ev, Re, Gnd), Lasioglossum perpunctatus (Re), Lasioglossum pilosus pilosus sn cp (Rb, Gr, Ev, Re), Lasioglossum pruinosus sn (Rb, Re), Lasioglossum rohweri (Re), Lasioglossum subviridatum (Gnd), Lasioglossum tegulare sn (Gr, Smh), Lasioglossum versatus (MH), Lasioglossum vierecki (MH); Colletidae (Colletinae): Colletes eulophi sn cp (Rb), Colletes robertsonii (Smh); Colletidae (Hylaeinae): Hylaeus affinis (Smh); Andrenidae (Andreninae): Andrena fragilis sn (Gr), Andrena helianthiformis (Smh), Andrena miranda (Kr), Andrena peckhami sn cp (Gr), Andrena rudbeckiae sn cp fq icp olg (Rb, Gr, Ev, Re, Kr); Andrenidae (Panurginae): Calliopsis andreniformis sn (Gr), Heterosarus albitarsis sn cp fq icp (Rb, Kr, Gnd), Heterosarus rudbeckiae sn cp fq olg (Rb, Kr)
Sphecidae (Bembicinae): Bembix americana (Gr, Re), Bicyrtes ventralis (Gr, Re), Glenostictia pictifrons (Rb); Sphecidae (Philanthinae): Philanthus bilunatus (Gr), Philanthus gibbosus (Gr); Sphecidae (Sphecinae): Ammophila kennedyi (Gr), Ammophila nigricans fq (Rb), Ammophila pictipennis (Rb), Prionyx thomae (Rb); Vespidae (Eumeninae): Ancistrocerus catskill (Gr), Euodynerus annulatus (Rb), Euodynerus foraminatus (Gr), Stenodynerus anormis (Rb); Braconidae: Agathis longipalpus (Rb)
Stratiomyidae: Anoplodonta nigrirostris sn (Rb), Hedriodiscus binotata (Gr), Hedriodiscus vertebrata (Gr, Re), Odontomyia cincta (Gr), Odontomyia virgo (Gr); Syrphidae: Allograpta obliqua sn (Rb), Copestylum vittatum sn (Rb), Eristalinus aeneus sn (Rb), Eristalis sp. (Re), Eristalis dimidiatus sn (Rb, Gr), Eristalis stipator sn fq (Rb, Re), Eristalis tenax (Gr), Eristalis transversus sn fq (Rb, Gr, Re), Eupeodes americanus (Gr), Helophilus latifrons sn (Rb), Paragus tibialis sn fp (Rb), Sphaerophoria sp. (Re), Sphaerophoria contiqua sn (Rb, Gr), Syritta pipiens sn (Rb, Gr), Syrphus sp. (Re), Toxomerus geminatus (Gr), Toxomerus marginatus sn fq (Rb, Gr, Re), Tropidia mamillata sn (Rb); Empidae: Empis clausa sn (Rb); Tipulidae: Limonia canadensis (Gr); Milichiidae: Eusiphona sp. (Re), Eusiphona mira (Gr); Bombyliidae: Bombylius major sn (Gr), Chrysanthrax sp. (Re), Dolichomyia sp. (Gr), Exoprosopa caliptera (Re), Exoprosopa decora sn (Rb), Exoprosopa fascipennis sn (Rb), Exoprosopa meigenii sn (Rb), Geron calvus (Gr) fq, Lepidophora sp. (Re), Paravilla sp. (Re), Poecilanthrax sp. (Re), Poecilanthrax halcyon (Gr), Poecilognathus punctipennis (Gr), Poecilognathus sulfurea sn (Rb), Pthiria cincta sn fq (Coquillett, MS), Sparnopolius confusus sn (Rb, Gr), Systoechus sp. (Re); Conopidae: Thecophora abbreviata sn (Gr), Zodion fulvifrons sn (Rb, Gr); Tachinidae: Archytas sp. (Re), Archytas analis sn (Rb), Copecrypta ruficauda sn (Rb), Cylindromyia binotata sn (Rb), Cylindromyia carolinae (Gr), Cylindromyia dosiades (Gr), Cylindromyia euchenor sn fq (Rb), Estheria tibialis (Gr), Gymnosoma fuliginosum (Gr), Phyllomya cremides (Gr), Ptilodexia incerta (Re), Spallanzania hesperidarum sn fq (Rb, Gr); Muscidae: Bithoracochaeta leucoprocta sn (Rb); Anthomyiidae: Leucophora siphonina sn; Calliphoridae: Lucilia illustris (Gr); Lauxaniidae: Camptoprosopella vulgaris sn (Rb); Sarcophagidae: Sphixapata trilineata (Gr)
Tephritidae: Paroxyna clathrata sn (Gr)
Nymphalidae: Boloria bellona (Gr), Chlosyne nycteis (Rb), Limenitis archippus (Rb), Phyciodes tharos (Gr), Speyeria cybele (Rb); Lycaenidae: Lycaeides melissa samuelis fq (GP, Hm, Sw), Lycaena hyllus (Rb), Satyrium calanus (Gr), Satyrium edwardsii (Re); Pieridae: Colias sp. (Re), Colias philodice (Rb), Pieris rapae (Rb)
Hesperiidae: Anatrytone logan (Re), Euphyes vestris (Re)
Ctenuchidae: Cisseps fulvicollis (Rb, Re); Gelechiidae: Gelechia sp. (Gr); Noctuidae: Anagrapha falcifera (Rb); Pterophoridae: Geina tenuidactylus (Gr)
Buprestidae: Acmaeodera ornata (McR), Acmaeodera pulchella (Gr), Anthaxia flavimana (McR); Cerambycidae: Typocerus sinuatus sn fp fq (Rb); Chrysomelidae: Diabrotica undecimpunctata fp (Rb); Cleridae: Phyllobaenus pubescens (Mwd), Trichodes apivorus (Gr), Trichodes nutalli (Mwd); Coccinellidae: Coccinella novemnotata (Gr); Curculionidae: Odontocorynus scutellum-album fp (Rb); Meloidae: Epicauta murina fp (Rb), Zontis vittigera (Gr); Mordellidae: Mordellistena cervicalis (LY), Mordellistena rubrilabris (LY)
Plant Bugs
Lygaeidae: Ligyrocoris sylvestris (Gr); Miridae: Lygus lineolaris (Rb, Gr), Plagiognathus sp. (Gr)
Faunal Associations
Rudbeckia hirta is associated with a variety of insects. Many species of bees are pollinators, feeding on nectar. Some caterpillars chew on the leaves and Blackberry loopers (moths) feed on the petals. A few species of flies tend to stay close to the flowers, and goldfinches may eat the seeds. R. hirta is especially susceptible to powdery mildew. Cultivars of R. hirta have been hybridized with cultivars of R. Laciniata (Al-Atabee, Mulligan & Power, 1990.), and many of the types commonly used in cultivation are, in fact, hybrids. 'Kelvedon star', 'Gloriosa' and 'Irish eyes' are a few of the more popular cultivars.
General Ecology
Plant Response to Fire
Black-eyed Susan does not respond uniformly to burning. Depending on
season of burning and local conditions, it often establishes
successfully; existing populations may either increase or decrease in
In south-central New York wildfires burned goldenrod (Solidago spp.)-
poverty oatgrass (Danthonia spicata) fields in the springs of 1962,
1963, and 1964. Adjacent burned and unburned areas were measured for
vegetative response 10 to 26 months after the fires. The average
frequency of black-eyed Susan in unburned areas was 29 percent; in
burned areas it was 2 percent [54].
In southwestern Missouri after a decade of prescribed burning on glade
grasslands black-eyed Susan had decreased in abundance [42].
Black-eyed Susan seeds were broadcast in the fall of 1988 on sites in
tallgrass oak savanna in northwestern Illinois. Consecutive spring
prescribed fires were conducted in 1989, 1990, and 1991. By the fall of
1991 there were both seedlings and mature plants of black-eyed Susan on
burned sites [9].
Black-eyed Susan decreased with repeated dormant season prescribed fire
on one test plot in south-central Wisconsin, but increased every year in
another field subjected to the same treatment [39].
In south-central Wisconsin the Curtis Prairie has had a biennial burning
schedule since 1950, one-third being burned one year and the other
two-thirds the following year. Black-eyed Susan was not present in
1951, but had appeared in small numbers by 1961. An extended growing
season on the burned prairie appears to enhance presence of black-eyed
Susan. During the spring, daytime temperatures are substantially warmer
on the burned than on the unburned prairie, where the litter layer
retards soil warming. The burned surface also cools faster at night.
These effects are most pronounced in May and June [2]
Black-eyed Susan in tallgrass prairie in eastern Nebraska on silty clay
loam was burned in early May, early July, and mid-September, 1983.
Plots were sampled in the fall of 1983, 1984, and 1986. Burning,
particularly summer and fall burning in years with adequate
precipitation, resulted in higher black-eyed Susan seedling
establishment than occurred without burning. In dry years burning
reduced seedling establishment. Black-eyed Susan cover also increased
with summer and fall burning; cover decreased without burning [7].
Black-eyed Susan on a poor condition prairie range site in north-central
Oklahoma was burned April 1, 1965-1967, in conditons where the soil was
moist and the fire burned against a 5 to 10 mile-per-hour (8-16 k/h)
breeze. Matched unburned plots were mowed earlier in the spring, and
the residue removed. In the spring of 1966, black-eyed Susan flowered
profusely on unburned plots, but was absent on burned plots [27].
The Research Project Summary, Herbaceous responses to seasonal burning in
experimental tallgrass prairie plots provides information on postfire response
of black-eyed Susan in experimental prairie plots that was not available when this
species review was originally written.
Immediate Effect of Fire
Black-eyed Susan is probably top-killed by fire during the growing
season. It may survive by sprouting from the root crown [56].
Post-fire Regeneration
Initial-offsite colonizer (off-site, initial community)
Caudex, growing points in soil
Fire Ecology
Black-eyed Susan probably has good fire tolerance in the dormant state,
since it reproduces vegetatively from the root crown [48,56]. It
produces numerous small seeds [11] and can establish on burned sites.
Black-eyed Susan thrives in the open, sunny conditions [31,51] created
by fire. It may be an initial on-site colonizer since its seeds are
found up to 4 inches (10 cm) or deeper in the seedbank [38]. However,
no information was available on seed tolerance to heat or length of seed
viablility in the seedbank.
Successional Status
More info for the term: succession
Facultative Seral Species
Black-eyed Susan is considered a pioneer species [31], and can be
dominant in early stages of succession [50].
Black-eyed Susan is part of the weed stage of abandoned fields in
central Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas [59].
At the establishment of the Curtis Prairie in south-central Wisconsin
between 1936 and 1941, black-eyed Susan plants were left intact, as they
already occurred in some fields. They persisted a short time, spreading
opportunistically into other areas. Areas originally dominated by
black-eyed Susan were invaded extensively by various more aggressive
species [52].
In a tallgrass prairie establishment effort in southern Wisconsin, begun
in 1974, black-eyed Susan appeared in 1975, though it had not been
seeded. It was abundant in the surrounding area, however [60].
Regeneration Processes
Black-eyed Susan reproduces sexually by seed [4,28]. It is pollinated
by bees and flies [15,22]. It also reproduces vegetatively [56] by
sprouting from the root crown [48].
In remnant tallgrass prairie in central Illinois, black-eyed Susan seeds
made up 2.4 percent of germinable seeds found in the seedbank. Fifty
percent of black-eyed Susan seeds were in the upper 0.8 inches (2 cm) of
soil; the rest were in the next 3 inches (8 cm) of soil. The seeds
occurred in high-density clumps rather than being randomly dispersed.
Black-eyed Susan was a very minor component of the vegetational cover.
There were more black-eyed Susan seeds in the seedbank than would be
predicted by its importance value [38].
Black-eyed Susan seed germination varies with area and time of
collection, and with germination conditions.
Black-eyed Susan seeds were collected from wild seed sources in central
Wisconsin in the fall of 1976. The seeds were given cold, dry
stratification for at least 2 months, before germination testing.
Germination ranges were 0 to 38 percent. When grown in soil in 1977,
none germinated; in 1978, germination in soil ranged from 10 to 24
percent. The higher rate in 1978 was probably due to reduction in
dormancy and to higher germination temperatures than in 1977. Light had
no marked effect on the germination of black-eyed Susan seeds in this
study. Wild black-eyed Susan had a very wide range of Pure Live Seed
values [31].
In a germination study of Wisconsin tallgrass prairie plants, seeds were
collected from the southern tier of Wisconsin counties. With 3 months
cold stratification, black-eyed Susan had a maximum of 46 percent
germination. However, germination values for seeds collected in
different years fluctuated greatly. In some years seeds would germinate
even though unstratified [29].
In trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides)-dominated vegetation in western
Colorado, black-eyed Susan seeds were collected September 2-3, 1981.
Germination tests were conducted within 6 months of collection.
Germination rates were very low in the absence of light and without
stratification. Germination rates ranged from 24 to 36 percent for
moistened seeds grown in light and stratified 30 to 120 days [36].
Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification)
More info for the term: hemicryptophyte
Life Form
Life History and Behavior
More info for the term: root crown
Black-eyed Susan is able to flower its first year [28], but flowers more
prolifically its second year. By the end of the first year it may begin
vegetative reproduction, and show a distinct "bunching" effect with 2 or
more shoots [46]. Topgrowth dies back each year [36,42]. Biennial and
perennial forms sprout the next spring from the root crown [48].
Black-eyed Susan initiates growth in late spring and becomes dormant by
early fall [2].
Black-eyed Susan flowering times are:
Begin Peak End
Flowering Flowering Flowering
FL May ---- October [12]
IL June ---- September [44]
KS June ---- August [4]
MI June ---- August [22]
MN June July July [15]
MO June ---- August [37]
NC May ---- July [48]
ND July July August [11]
SC May ---- July [48]
TX June ---- ---- [20]
WI June ---- August [16]
Great Plains May ---- September [28]
Northeast US June ---- October [26].
Life Cycle
Vars. floridana, hirta and pulcherrima can be found in bloom from spring to fall, but var. angustifolia has a shorter flowering period lasting from spring to summer. (Urbatsch & Cox, 2006.) Studies show that several factors including climate warming and day length can induce or delay the flowering cycle. Increasing temperature seems to be correlated with an earlier onset of blooming. (Bradley, Leopold, Ross & Huffaker, 1999.) If day length never increased in the spring, Rudbeckia hirta would never grow beyond its rosette, therefore never producing flowers. (Harkess & Lyons, 1994.)
Annuals, biennials and perennials. Vars. angustifolia and floridana are known to undergo all three life cycles. Var. hirta is biennial or perennial, and var. pulcherrima is annual or perennial. (Urbatsch & Cox, 2006.)
Life Expectancy
One to several years. Many hybrids have a shortened life cycle, lasting a year or less.
Rudbeckia hirta has a moderate growth rate.
Physiology and Cell Biology
Cell Biology
A 2005 study identified three different chromosome types in Rudbeckia hirta, with a chromosome number of 2n=36. Its karyotype is considered to be asymmetric and evolved. (Cimpeanu, M., C. Cimpeanu, Capraru & Costeea, 2005.)
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Although naturally diploid, polyploidy has been exploited in the cultivation of Rudbeckia hirta. The tetraploid cultivar of var. pulcherrima, commonly known as the Gloriosa daisy, has a drastically shortened lifespan as a tradeoff for its almost double-sized flowerheads. (Cullina, 2000.)
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Rudbeckia hirta
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Rudbeckia hirta
Public Records: 5
Specimens with Barcodes: 19
Species With Barcodes: 1
Conservation Status
National NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure
NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure
Rudbeckia hirta var. hirta is classified as an endangered plant in the State of New York. (USDA, 2010.)
Please consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant's current status (e.g. threatened or endangered species, state noxious status, and wetland indicator values).
Pests and potential problems
There are no major insect or disease pests of black-eyed Susan. Stands can be reduced by powdery mildew and damping-off organisms.
Legislation of 1918 designated Rudbeckia hirta the state flower of Maryland. Also, the Highway Beautification Act of 1965 has led to a cascade of similar legislations requiring funding for the planting of native wildflowers along highways. This has undoubtedly influenced populations of Rudbeckia hirta and similar native wildflowers.
Management considerations
Black-eyed Susan may be an indicator of range condition. In the western
Cross Timbers of northern Texas on fine sandy loam soil, black-eyed
Susan was not present on range in excellent and good condition, had
coverage of 2 percent on range in fair condition, and had coverage of 4
percent on range in poor condition [20]. The Missouri grass glades were
overgrazed from the late 1800's until the 1960's. By the 1930's on
overgrazed open range the composition of the once productive prairie
glades had changed to a community of soft chess (Bromus mollis) and
black-eyed Susan [42].
Tallgrass prairie in north-central Oklahoma was subjected to
short-duration grazing schedules from 1985 to 1988. Black-eyed Susan
did not respond to different grazing schedules, but did fluctuate in
numbers in response to environmental conditions influencing its
establishment [25].
Black-eyed Susan was grazed by white-tailed deer in southeastern
Minnesota in 1983 and 1984. The grazing did not significantly affect
seedling survival in wet years. However, under drought conditions
grazed plants might not be able to resume growth sufficiently to survive
winter or compete successfully with annuals the following spring [21].
Herbivory may decrease seed yield from black-eyed Susan. Black-eyed
Susan plants in a pasture in southern Oklahoma were infested with the
silvery checkerspot butterfly (Nymphalidae) caterpillar during the
summer of 1981. Heads from infested plants produced 50 percent fewer
seeds than did heads from uninfested plants. Dispersion of black-eyed
Susan plants may decrease infestation because of the limited distances
the caterpillars can travel [47].
Fertilization of black-eyed Susan is probably not effective [27,32].
Black-eyed Susan may be extremely sensitive to ozone exposure. More
than 50 percent of black-eyed Susan plants showed foliage injury in
response to the ambiant ozone levels which occurred in the Great Smoky
Mountains in 1989. With ozone exposure twice ambient level, injury was
greater than 90 percent [30].
Black-eyed Susan may be a good indicator species for soil cadmium. In
northwestern Indiana urban-industrial regions the soil is contaminated
with cadmium and other heavy metals. Black-eyed Susan seed germination
was reduced in proportion to additions of soil cadmium [62].
Cultivars, improved and selected materials (and area of origin)
'Golden Jubilee' black-eyed Susan was released by the Big Flats Plant Materials Center in 1985. It is typical of the species except slightly shorter in height with a longer bloom period. It was not selected for its flower size or color. 'Golden Jubilee' is the only cultivar of black-eyed Susan that has proven adaptation throughout the Northeast for conservation use. The original collection area of 'Golden Jubilee' was near Manchester, Vermont. Foundation seed is distributed to commercial producers by the Big Flats PMC in Corning, NY. Black-eyed Susan is readily available from commercial sources.
After establishment, competing perennial vegetation should be controlled through the use of mechanical or chemical practices. If competing vegetation is not controlled, one will observe a decrease in the number of black-eyed Susan plants.
Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Value for rehabilitation of disturbed sites
Black-eyed Susan is recommended for restoration of disturbed areas and
prairies [51].
Black-eyed Susan seeds are available for restoration and conservation
efforts from the USDA Soil Conservation Service Plant Materials Center
at Corning, New York [58].
Roadside sites: Black-eyed Susan seeds or plants were used along
highways in Wisconsin as part of a natural tallgrass prairie roadside
restoration project. Black-eyed Susan gave excellent response to all
attempted propagation methods: direct seeding on the field site;
transplanting seedlings; and tranplanting year-old plants [46].
Black-eyed Susan, along with other native wildflowers, was used in
Massachusetts to restore a roadside site that had shallow, infertile
soil, poor moisture retention, and hostile exposure. After 4 years,
black-eyed Susan was one of few survivors at the site [1].
Black-eyed Susan was used in the rehabilitation of a sand and gravel
borrow-pit in Greene County, Ohio in 1986 and 1987. Black-eyed Susan
was inconspicuous and aboveground growth was slow the first summer, but
during the second year (1987) it flowered. On the drier, less fertile
sites black-eyed Susan flowered in 1988, even though it was still quite
small [14].
Mine sites: Black-eyed Susan, along with other native prairie forbs and
grasses, was planted on iron mine tailings in west-central Wisconsin.
The tailings are sandy loam in texture, lack essential nutrients, are
very low in organic matter, and have an average pH of 8.5. Seed was
broadcast by hand, raked in, and mulched. No artificial watering or
weeding was done. Of the black-eyed Susan seeds planted, 6.8 percent
produced seedlings. Growth was slow, but by the second growing season,
many of the plants were flowering. Black-eyed Susan showed very little
response to any fertilizer treatment [32].
Prairie sites: Black-eyed Susan was used as a cover crop to protect
other forb and grass seedlings in a north-central Illinois oldfield
prairie restoration project [8].
Black-eyed Susan was used in a seeding effort on open upland and drier
southwest-facing slopes around groves and draws of hickories (Carya
spp.) and oaks (Quercus spp.) in degraded tallgrass savanna in northwest
Illinois. In October and November of 1988, seeds were hand broadcast.
By fall, 1991, there were seedlings and mature black-eyed Susan plants
Other uses and values
The leaves of black-eyed Susan are used to make a tea that is said to be
a diuretic, with some cardiac stimulation properties [45].
The Forest Potawatomis treated colds with a tea prepared from the roots
of black-eyed Susan [4].
was lightly grazed by cattle during the last half of April, heavily
grazed during May, and lightly grazed during the first half of June. It
was not grazed at any other time [20].
In southeastern Minnesota white-tailed deer grazed black-eyed Susan
plants which had been transplanted as seedlings into test plots in the
spring of 1983. Thirty-six percent of black-eyed Susan plants were
grazed in 1983, and 8 percent in 1984. No plant was grazed more than
once. Eastern cottontails and thirteen-lined ground squirrels were
observed in the study area, but they did not make use of black-eyed
Susan [21].
Rudbeckia hirta is, first and foremost, an attractive flower commonly used in gardening. The Potawatomi use the roots in a tea to treat colds, and the ray flowers in yellow dye. The leaves are gaining notoriety as they contain a stimulant, often used in teas as diuretics.
Erosion control: Black-eyed Susan is an important component in critical area treatment plantings along with grasses, legumes, and other forbs when used along road cuts, hillsides, and other areas subject to erosion.
Wildlife: This plant offers protection and food to several song and game birds.
Recreation and beautification: Black-eyed Susan can be used for landscaping and in wildflower gardens.
Risk Statement
According to a 1998 publication by the Southern Weed Science Society, this plant can be weedy and invasive. (USDA, 2010.)
Rudbeckia hirta
Rudbeckia hirta, commonly called black-eyed Susan, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to the Eastern and Central United States. It is one of a number of plants with the common name black-eyed Susan. Other common names for this plant include: brown-eyed Susan, brown Betty, gloriosa daisy, golden Jerusalem,[1][2] Poorland daisy, yellow daisy, and yellow ox-eye daisy.
It is the state flower of Maryland.[3]
The plant also is a traditional Native American medicinal herb in several tribal nations;[4] believed in those cultures to be a remedy, among other things, for colds, flu, infection, swelling and (topically, by poultice) for snake bite (although not all parts of the plant are edible)[5]
Parts of the plant have nutritional value. Other parts are not edible.
It is an upright annual (sometimes biennial or perennial) growing 30–100 cm (12–39 in) tall by 30–45 cm (12–18 in) wide. It has alternate, mostly basal leaves 10–18 cm long, covered by coarse hair, with stout branching stems and daisy-like, composite flowers appearing in late summer and early autumn. In the species, the flowers are up to 10 cm (4 in) in diameter, with yellow ray-florets circling conspicuous brown or black, dome-shaped disc-florets.[6] However, extensive breeding has produced a range of sizes and colours, including oranges, reds and browns.[7]
The genus name honors Olaus Rudbeck, who was a professor of botany at the University of Uppsala in Sweden and was one of Linnaeus's teachers. The specific epithet refers to the trichomes (hairs) occurring on leaves and stems.[8]
There are four varieties:
- Rudbeckia hirta var. angustifolia. Southeastern United States (South Carolina to Texas).
- Rudbeckia hirta var. floridana. Florida, endemic.
- Rudbeckia hirta var. hirta. Northeastern United States (Maine to Alabama).
- Rudbeckia hirta var. pulcherrima. Widespread in most of North America (Newfoundland to British Columbia, south to Alabama and New Mexico; naturalized Washington to California).
R. hirta is widely cultivated in parks and gardens, for summer bedding schemes, borders, containers, wildflower gardens, prairie-style plantings and cut flowers. Numerous cultivars have been developed, of which 'Indian Summer'[9] and 'Toto'[10] have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Other popular cultivars include 'Double Gold' and 'Marmalade'.
Gloriosa daisies are tetraploid cultivars having much larger flowers than the species, often doubled or with contrasting markings on the petals. They were first bred by Alfred Blakeslee of Smith College by applying colchicine to R. hirta seeds; Blakeslee's stock was further developed by W. Atlee Burpee and introduced to commerce at the 1957 Philadelphia Flower Show.[11] Gloriosa daisies are generally treated as annuals or short-lived perennials and are typically grown from seed, though there are some named cultivars.
Symbolism and uses[edit]
Maryland state flower[edit]
- The black-eyed Susan was designated the state flower of Maryland in 1918.[3][12] In this capacity it is used in gardens and ceremonies to celebrate, memorialize and show affection for the state of Maryland and its people.
- The Preakness Stakes in Baltimore, Maryland has been termed "The Run for the Black-Eyed Susans" because a blanket of chrysanthemums, decorated to look like black-eyed Susans, is traditionally placed around the winner's neck (actual black-eyed Susans are not in season during the Preakness).
Symbol of Justice[edit]
- The black-eyed Susan which also traditionally symbolizes "Justice" makes a very nice cut-flower with a vase life up to 10 days.[13]
Butterfly attractant for enhancing gardens[edit]
- Butterflies are attracted to Rudbeckia hirta when planted in large color-masses, creating a beautiful spectacle.[14]
Traditional Native American medicinal uses[edit]
- The roots but not the seedheads of Rudbeckia hirta can be used much like the related Echinacea purpurea to boost immunity and fight colds, flu and infections.
- It is also an astringent when used in a warm infusion as a wash for sores and swellings.[citation needed]
- The Ojibwa people used it as a poultice for snake bites[15] and to make an infusion for treating colds and worms in children.
- The plant is also diuretic and was used by the Menominee and Potawatomi peoples.[16][17]
- Juice from the roots has been used as drops for earaches.[18]
Nutritional parts[edit]
- Certain parts of the plant contains anthocyanins[19] a class of antioxidant with several known health benefits.
- As with any wild plant, it is usually recommended to research carefully before consuming as not all parts of the plant may be edible and to avoid mis-identification with other plants that may look similar to the Black eyed Susan.
- It is widely recommended to always consult one's Doctor before taking any medicinal herb.
- With any herb approved by a Doctor for use, it is widely agreed that recommended dosages and preparation procedures should always be followed.
- The species is also known to be toxic to cats when ingested. [20]
Northern Crescent (Phyciodes cocyta) butterfly, Rideau River, Ottawa, Canada
- ^ Dolgopolov, Y. (2004). A collection of confusable phrases: False 'friends' and 'enemies' in idioms and collocations. Coral Springs, FL: Llumina Press
- ^ http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/niggerhead
- ^ a b c d "MARYLAND AT A GLANCE: STATE SYMBOLS, Maryland State Flower - Black-Eyed Susan", Maryland State Archives, Maryland Manual Online, http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/symbols/flower.html
- ^ Moerman. D, "Native American Ethnobotany", Timber Press. Oregon. 1998 ISBN 0-88192-453-9
- ^ Moerman. D, "Native American Ethnobotany", Timber Press. Oregon. 1998 ISBN 0-88192-453-9
- ^ Floridata: Rudbeckia hirta.
- ^ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 1405332964.
- ^ Andy's Northern Ontario Wildflowers: Native Meadow Wildflowers. Black-eyed Susan.
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Rudbeckia hirta 'Indian Summer'". Retrieved 2 June 2013.
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Rudbeckia hirta 'Toto'". Retrieved 2 June 2013.
- ^ Lacy, Allen (July 21, 1988). "Gloriosa, the Eliza Doolittle of Daisies". New York Times. Retrieved 2013-10-22.
- ^ "Fiscal and Policy Notes (HB 345)". Department of Legislative Services - Maryland General Assembly. 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-13.
- ^ "Black Eyes Susan Wildflower".
- ^ Schillo, Rebecca (2011). Cummings, Nina, ed. "Native Landscaping Takes Root in Chicago". In The Field: 13.
- ^ Black-Eyed Susan
- ^ Herbs
- ^ Rudbeckia hirta
- ^ Moerman. D. Native American Ethnobotany Timber Press. Oregon. 1998 ISBN 0-88192-453-9
- ^ Cat.Inist
- ^ "List of plants toxic to cats".
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rudbeckia hirta.
|Wikiversity has bloom time data for Rudbeckia hirta on the Bloom Clock
- Germplasm Resources Information Network: Rudbeckia hirta
- USDA Plant Profile: Rudbeckia hirta
- Rudbeckia hirta Large format diagnostic photographs
- A Tale of Two Susans non-scholarly essay on the etymology and history
- Knowlton Foote. 2001. Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta L.). New York Flora Association. Newsletter Vol. 13.
Names and Taxonomy
hirta L. [28,35]. It is in the sunflower family (Asteraceae).
Recognized varieties are as follows:
R. h. var. hirta
R. h. var. angustifolia (Moore) Perdue [12,55]
R. h. var. brittonii (Small) Fernald [48,55]
R. h. var. floridana (Moore) Perdue [55,61]
R. h. var. pulcherrima Farwell [35,55]
Common Names
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text:
The most authentic Bikanervala in Gurgaon. Free home delivery, Banquet Hall and corporate gift orders. Authentic North-Indian, Chaat, South-Indian, Chinese, sweets.
One of the fail-safe locations in the city to have a tasty, well-priced pure vegetarian meal as well as get some great mithai. Bikanervala has always been ahead of the curve in terms of mithai - any n Show Full Review
No doubt that the food is amazing. The Jalebis are good not the best I would say. But all the chats and snacks items are amazing. The range of Indian curry is not very large and you need to choose between the regulars. I love there biscuits some of them just melts in your mouth. Though its not their regular business, the bakery products are delicious.Its advisable to visit the place in weekends as on weekend the place is so crowded and there is only a little window to order. Its hard to find a seat..
Tried this place at least 20 times....consistent taste and quality....Nice place always full coz of its location.....and of course taste. .... I love their Raj Kachori. ...Chola Bhaturas, tikki, golgappe, papri and Dhokla are really good.....Sweets are good too.....
Nice Experience. A self service family restaurant..
Bikanervala Menu, Bikanervala Location Map, Bikanervala in Sector 29, Bikanervala Deals and Discounts, Bikanervala Reviews


text:
Aurisonics Rockets Solo Precision Micro-Dynamic Noise Isolating In-Ear Headphones
"The Aurisonics Rockets was purchased by me from Hifiheadphones UK in their big clearance of Aurisonics items after it was official the Fender has now acquired Aurisonics. At the time of this review they were available from Amazon at $249:http://www.amazon.com/Aurisonics-Precision-Micro-Dynamic-Isolating-Headphones/dp/B00NP9ZML0 I'm not in any way affiliated with Aurisonics. About..." --peter123
Aurisonics ASG-2.5 Generic Fit Digital-Hybrid In-Ear Monitors in Polished Red
"Aurisonics ASG 2.5 – initial impressions I have recently picked a pair of the Aurisonics ASG-2.5 in one of the many closeout sales that are going on due to their acquisition/merger with Fender, and these are my initial impressions after burn-in and a solid week of listening. I'm still pretty new to this whole review/impressions thing, so please take it all with a pinch of salt –..." --Jackpot77
Aurisonics ASG-1PLUS
"Inspired by my great experience with the Aurisonics Rockets I caved in and bought the ASG-1PLUS as well as it was said by many that they we're the ones of the higher tier Aurisonics offerings being most similar to the Rockets. The Aurisonics ASG-1PLUS was purchased by me as an open box unit from Hifiheadphones UK. At the time of this review they were available from Amazon at..." --peter123
Aurisonics Harmony
"Intro: The Aurisonics Harmony is the top of the line earphone of the Aurisonics Bravo line, with models focused on bringing great sound at great value. The Harmony features 2 BAs and a single dynamic configuration, and is said to be their most balanced model. This item is bought by myself with no relation to Aurisonics. I paid AUD$800 and they retail for MSRP USD$499. ..." --Antihippy
Aurisonics AS-2
" Synopsis: The Aurisonics AS-2 is a high-end custom-fit in-ear stage monitor with a lively, rich sound. It has a unique, crossover-free design that allows its 15mm dynamic driver and two special balanced armatures to work together seamlessly. With an adjustable bass port system, the AS-2 provides a real bass energy in just the amount you want. Combined with a lush midrange and an accurate,..." --Kunlun
"DOI: I don't get to listen to new gear a lot so I may not be any use at answering questions about comparisons to anything other than my own stuff (which may or may not be considered esoteric). I was (and am) a full-size hi-fi person so my tastes in this will clearly colour what I look for in head-fi. I grew up playing instruments and singing in a choir so I tend to value realism of tone for..." --Docjitters
Aurisonics ASG-2
" Introduction The ASG-2 is Aurisonics' second (official) foray into the world of iems. The guys over at Aurisonics cater primarily to the music professional crowd, and their products are generally tuned for stage use. Their original ASG-1 was a perfect example of this, with its ability to present vocals in a way that made it seem as if the notes were rolling off your own..." --eke2k6
ACS Encore Studio Custom
"The Road to the ACS Encore You do not often hear about ACS, an English company that makes hearing protection as well as in ear monitors. However, they are one of the few companies that make IEMs using silicone. A few years ago, when I wanted to venture into custom IEMs, being concerned about the discomfit and possible fit issues of acrylic customs, I had consulted Claire of Jaben..." --Kiats
Aurisonics ASG-1 Rev 1.3
" I quite literally took a shot with these after the NY Meet. It was between these and the UE900s and I'm rather content with the decision, from the cable to the build, to the fit. Everything works. These are clearly stage monitors tuned so you can ear voices clearly and exact positioning of instruments. Because of this they have a great and slightly forward midrange. However for what they do..." --kyuuketsuki
Aurisonics Forte In-ear Headphones (Garnet Red)
"Aurisonics Forte – initial impressions I picked up the Aurisonics Fortes recently on eBay to try out the Bravo series "sound" – I currently own the ASG 2.5, and have previously owned and sold or traded the Rockets, Eva and ASG 1Plus (which were my first foray into proper mid-tier IEMs). I find their IEMS generally sit quite well with my musical preferences due to their tuning for their main..." --Jackpot77


text:
- Report: #1042811
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: Beau
BeauInternet United States of America
Beau Lied too, took my money, 5 days turned into 8 months, Internet
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I sent the money, waited the 5 days and nothing! I contacted them and was laughed at by a different salesman that also sounded like one of those characters from a TV show. He said that no one told me 5 days and that it takes 2-8 months to receive my silver! I said I would have never ordered from you if I was told it took that long, after all Monex ships it right away!
I have called back several times to try and get my money back, they are really nice until they find out I don't want to place an order and want to know where my silver is, then they pretty much laugh at me and tell me to call back for shipping because they don't have the phone number! What??? A company's salesperson doesn't know the phone number of the shipping department??
My advise to anyone looking to purchase precious metals is to stay far away from this company!!!!
Like the Plague!!
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 04/12/2013 02:14 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/Beau/internet/Beau-Lied-too-took-my-money-5-days-turned-into-8-months-Internet-1042811. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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text:
I installed facebook for wordpress plugin and when I try to make the facebook app for it it always errors out saying:
Errors That Must Be Fixed
More Than One OG URL Specified: Object at URL 'http://topexerciseworkouts.com/' of type 'website' is invalid because it specifies multiple 'og:url' values: http://topexerciseworkouts.com/, http://topexerciseworkouts.com.
After much trial and error I noticed that when I unchecked "facebook open graph" in my yoast seo plugin then the error stopped, however doing this also is eliminating my OG:Image url.
Is there a way to modify my yoast seo plugin so that it is not adding the OG url but is keeping the other stuff? Maybe modify it in a php file?
Any thoughts on how to deal with this? Thanks!


text:
Posh have won four of the last five league encounters with the Saddlers, scoring two or more goals on three occasions.
After winning two matches in a row at London Road, Walsall have lost their last two there in league competition.
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text:
Concerto in D major, HWV 335a (Handel, George Frideric)
No files submitted.
Sheet Music
II. Allegro
*#103639 - 26.64MB, 8 pp. - (2) - V/V/V - 1372x⇩
III. Allegro ma non troppo
*#103640 - 18.95MB, 6 pp. - (2) - V/V/V - 779x⇩
Composer's manuscript, n.d.
Title page not by Handel but by his assistant Smith.
Taken from Manuscript R. M. 20.g.7 of the British Library.
Scanned at 300dpi colour.
White borders added to keep the original proportions in the pdf file (DIN format).
Complete Score (scan) (EU) (Preview)
*#410535 - 3.49MB, 40 pp. - (0) - C*/70*/V* - 249x⇩
PDF scanned by Piupianissimo
Piupianissimo (2016/2/8)
Frederick Hudson (1913-1999)
Hallische Händel-Ausgabe, Serie IV: Instrumentalmusik,
Band 16: Concerti a due cori
Kassel: Deutsche Händelgesellschaft, 1983. Plate BA 4037.
This "urtext" or "scholarly" (scientific) edition was published at least 25 years ago in Germany and thus is public domain in its country of origin. Such editions are also public domain in Canada because they fail to meet the minimum 'threshold of originality' to qualify for copyright as an 'adaptation'. It may not be public domain elsewhere, however. More information about this can be found here.
Please obey the copyright laws of your country. IMSLP does not assume any sort of legal responsibility or liability for the consequences of downloading files that are not in the public domain in your country.
Public Domain - Non-PD US [tag/del]
scan: score scanned at 600dpi (High Quality Scanning)
General Information
|Work Title
|Concerto in D major, HWV 335a
|Alternative Title
|Handel, George Frideric
|Opus/Catalogue Number
|HWV 335a
|D major
|Composer Time Period
|Piece Style
|2 oboes, bassoon, 4 horns (in D), 2 trumpets (in D), timpani, strings, continuo (organ)
|Related Works
|Music for the Royal Fireworks, HWV 351
Misc. Comments
- From this and the Concerto in F major, HWV 335b Handel took some material for his Music for the Royal Fireworks, HWV 351.
- Grove Music cites both HWV 335a and 335b as "ca.1746, version of ov. to Fireworks Music".
- Grove Music stipulates the basso continuo as being with organ.
- Manuscripts
- Hudson, Frederick/Editor
- Scores published by Bärenreiter
- Scores published in 1983
- Scores published in the 20th century
- Urtext
- Pages with items from the Hallische Händel-Ausgabe
- Pages with scores
- Scores
- Handel, George Frideric
- Baroque style
- Baroque
- Concertos
- For orchestra
- Scores featuring the orchestra


text:
When checking the list view by category, and if the category is empty or contains passed events, nothing is shown. Normal i guess.
But the message who than appears is illogical.
No matching events listed under %s. Check out upcoming events for this category or view the full calendar.
If $s is the cat name (and it is the cat name), and if nothing is matching, it means probably that the cat doesn't contain something. So why would you want to check for upcoming events in this category (if nothing is matching ?).


text: I purchased these bowl to use in my dog boarding business. I have a few boarders that eat so fast that it is almost scary. These bowls do slow the dogs down but the reason I'm only giving it 2 stars is because the skimpy little blue rubber band on the bottom rim of the bowl came off after the first use and it is a bugger to get back on. So I have tried to glue it on with different glues but have had no luck. I really wish they were made like the Durapet bowls.


text:
Give Now
Monster madness starts at the age of 3, when a child's imagination starts to run wild.
Scientists have been finding swarms of jellyfish, called blooms, all over the world.
Is there still such a thing as a plesiosaur? What do we know about them?
Scientists are using bone histology to sort things out. They've already concluded that Stygimoloch, was a juvenile Pachycephalosaurus, not a new species.
At six feet in length, this two legged plant eater was about the size of a large dog with a strange domed head.
Recent studies on dinosaur joints suggest that they may have been even taller than we thought!
How did the apple manage to survive what killed off the dinosaurs?
Find out which specific type of dinosaur suffered from cancer.
We may never know if the chicken or the egg came first, but scientists have discovered a fossil that sheds light on how turtles got their shells.
Until very recently, humans tended to reproduce before reaching full adult maturity, as did the dinosaurs. Learn more on this Moment of Science.


text:
AFS Site Navigation
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Authors are encouraged to submit manuscripts pertinent to the biology of ferns for publication in the American Fern Journal. Manuscripts should be submitted electronically through the following website: http://www.editorialmanager.com/afj/default.aspx. For questions about submission or other aspects of the American Fern Journal, contact the editor.
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text:
OMAHA, Neb. (AP) - The College World Series championship game between Coastal Carolina and Arizona was postponed until Thursday because of inclement weather in the Omaha area on Wednesday night.
TRACY - The Manteca Little League Red Sox put the finishing touches on their undefeated run in the District 67 Junior Division Tournament of Champions on Monday, throttling intra-city foe Spreckels Park for a second time in four days, 15-3.
OMAHA, Neb. (AP) - JC Cloney just keeps rolling along at the College World Series, pushing Arizona to the doorstep of its second national championship in five years.
TRACY – The Spreckels Park Giants racked up 11 hits Sunday and took advantage of 12 walks from the Weston Ranch Yankees on the way to a 13-3 six-inning win at Monticello School and a berth in tonight's championship against the Manteca Red Sox.
With the 10-0 win by the Northgate Blue Jays over the Lathrop Reds on Saturday, Northgate gained its second consecutive banner in the Little League District 67 Minors Tournament of Champions, having gone through the last two tournaments undefeated.
Manteca Little League's major A's are smashing their way through the consolation bracket in the District 67 Tournament of Champions.
Greg Adams pitched the final five innings for the Northgate Blue Jays on Thursday, striking out six with five hits and two runs on the way to a 13-5 semifinal win over the Spreckels Park Rangers in Little League District 67 Minors Tournament of Champions at Brock Elliott School.
Willie Segura knows how to slam the door shut.
TRACY - Ramiro Suarez twirled a five-inning no-hitter and drove in four runs Wednesday, as the Northgate Little League Rays toppled the Tracy National Giants 10-0 to advance in the District 67 Junior Division Tournament of Champions consolation bracket.
TRACY - When the Tracy American White Sox scored on the Manteca Red Sox on Monday, that was the only run the Red Sox have given up in two games of the Little League District 67 Juniors Tournament of Champions, but that would not slow Manteca down as the Red Sox rolled to an 11-1 five-run mercy rule win at Monticello School.
OMAHA, Neb. (AP) - As players and coaches celebrated their victory over Miami, a fan behind the UC Santa Barbara dugout held up a sign reading "Why Not UCSB."
Dominating from the mound, powerful from the plate and alert on the base paths, Wyatt DeFrenchi formed a one-man wrecking crew for the Nationals on Thursday in an 11-1 mercy rule win over the Rangers for the Manteca Little League minor championship on the major-league diamond at Lincoln Park.
There are three aspects to baseball – pitching, hitting and fielding – and Steven Aquila came up big for the Giants in all three on Wednesday in a thrilling 6-4 win over the Red Sox for the Spreckels Park Little League major championship at Brock Elliott School.
Cru Sullivan's first swings with a golf club came around the same time he took his first steps, and there has been no stopping him since - even if his parents tried.
Dylan DePrater kept the Yankees off balance Monday and led the Rays to a 5-3 win in consolation action of the Manteca Little League majors playoffs at Lincoln Park.
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STANFORD (AP) - After watching his team fall flat in the season opener a year ago, Stanford coach David Shaw decided to change his approach this ...
GREENSBORO, N.C. (AP) - The Single-A Carolina League is expanding by two teams in 2017 while two teams in the California League will be contracted.
SOUTH BEND, Ind. (AP) - Notre Dame kicked starting safety Max Redfield off the team Sunday, suspended reserve cornerback Devin Butler indefinitely after they were arrested ...
STANFORD (AP) - Now here's a scary thought for defenses facing Stanford this season.
LOS ANGELES (AP) - Stanford coach David Shaw only needed a few words to epitomize why his Cardinal are the Pac-12 football favorites this fall - and ...
CHARLOTTE, N.C. (AP) - Lehigh Valley's Edward Mujica and nine other relievers allowed only one hit in seven scoreless innings in the International League ...
OMAHA, Neb. (AP) - Coastal Carolina coach Gary Gilmore often said he just wanted his team to reach the College World Series.
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Internet Marketing Blog Posts
14 Feb, 2012
Google Plus Box Ranking Factors Report
By Ian Lurie
Google Search Plus Your World (GSPYW, for short). Social media belly button lint? Or the best damned thing since chocolate? It's a riddle. But GSPYW builds traffic a bunch of ways. The best (so far) is the 'Plus Box': Question is, how does Google decide which pages and profiles get that coveted spot? Also, how… Read More
1 Feb, 2012
Webinar video now available
By Ian Lurie
All I ask in exchange is your soul. Well. Actually just your e-mail address, if you don't mind. Click here to sign up and watch the video of the first webinar, 'Internet marketing 101'. I won't spam you. Much.
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1 Feb, 2012
6 Crucial Internet Account Management Tips
By Mike Fitterer
When someone asks me what I do professionally I usually tell them I'm a pirate, a ninja, or a wine connoisseur. Then I tell them that I moonlight as an Account Strategist at an Internet marketing agency. Inevitably they ask "what the hell does that mean?" The truth is that this is a perfectly legitimate… Read More
30 Jan, 2012
A Take Action Framework
By Portent Staff
I have two styles of work. One is intuitive. When I have invested my 10,000 hours into I work quickly. I can because I have the knowledge and experience needed to be accurate and effective. I am not, unfortunately, an expert on all things. In fact, when it comes to most topics I know just… Read More
16 Jan, 2012
Webinar number 1: Internet marketing, content, and all that jazz
By Ian Lurie
Portent's starting a free webinar series, presented by yours truly. The first one is January 31, 2012 at 11 AM Pacific time. I'll be doing a deep dive into inbound search content social media internet marketing strategy: The role of search engines, social media and other channels in your internet marketing campaign. What 'inbound marketing'… Read More
13 Jan, 2012
In internet marketing, be significant, or be roadkill
By Ian Lurie
You send an e-mail to 40,000 people, and get 1 response. Or, you run a Groupon deal that brings 1,000 new customers, who never buy from you again. Wonder why? You got everyone's attention. They just don't care. Now you've got a choice: Rend your garments, tear your hair and whine about how stupid the… Read More
14 Dec, 2011
Problem solving with pants on
By Ian Lurie
Most people are terrified of problem solving, whether they're figuring out how to replace a flat tire or diagnose a problem on their blog. They see a problem, and run so fast their pants are literally flayed from their bodies. Why? Because: A failed solution = A mistake Solutions require time, which no one has… Read More
8 Dec, 2011
10 tips for hiring an SEO company
By Ian Lurie
Every day, I talk to potential clients. Smart people. Most of them, though, have no idea how to hire an SEO agency. So they ask standard questions, like: Have you ever worked in the guppy sales industry before? How big is your company? How much will you charge me? A nice start. But it's not… Read More
1 Dec, 2011
A 3-sentence internet marketing definition
By Ian Lurie
After my post yesterday, I realized I need to come up with some nice, concise definitions for what we do at Portent. Here's my first try: Internet Marketing, defined in 3 sentences Internet marketing does three things. A good digital campaign: Improves visibility through SEO, paid search, social media and any other relevant vehicles. Builds… Read More
30 Nov, 2011
Death of an internet marketer
By Ian Lurie
A very short play. The setting: A dinner party about 1 year ago. The cast: Them: An advertising exec from a traditional agency. 15+ years' experience. Me: You know. Curtain Them: "So, Ian, what do you do?" Me: "I run an internet marketing agency." Them: "Oh. What's that?" Me: "We help companies get more leads,… Read More
7 Nov, 2011
The intersection of brand, style, and SEO
By Ian Lurie
I spent this afternoon in a fascinating branding exercise for a client. We talked a lot about what comprises a brand. A lot of it was stuff I've talked about here before: Your brand is the totality of the experience customers have when they encounter you. But it suddenly dawned on me that a lot… Read More
26 Oct, 2011
Performance-based marketing contracts ain't cheap
By Ian Lurie
Can I pay you based on performance? I hear that a lot. On its face, performance-based pay for internet marketing seems really fair: Clients pay their marketer a percentage of sales, or some dollars per lead, or something similar. If I help you sell more stuff, you pay me more. If I help you sell… Read More
18 Oct, 2011
Dear CMO: Complexity does not equal engagement
By Ian Lurie
'Engagement'. Shudder. It's the latest beaten-to-death marketing term. Truth is, though, there's a genuine need to 'engage' with your customer. I get it: You want to stand out. You want your customers to like you. You want them to remember you. But do you really have to over-complicate your web sites, and your marketing campaigns,… Read More
29 Sep, 2011
Avoid e-mailing the wrong people: A quick tip
By Ian Lurie
My clients don't really have my best interests at heart. They all have names like 'Joe' or 'Jane' or whatever. So it's really, really easy to have one of those butt-clenching moments when you realize you just sent a line-by-line chronicling of every onsite SEO issue your pharmaceuticals client has to your unitarian church client.… Read More
14 Sep, 2011
The internet marketing list, 2: 59 more things
By Ian Lurie
I did it before. I'm doing it again. Here's a list of 59 more things you need to do for your internet marketing campaign. I've tried my darndest to avoid duplication, but be patient: Speed up: Get Google Page Speed. Run it on every page of your site. Until you have a 90+, you aren't… Read More


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Does your LO have a favorite phrase?
DS's favorite phrase is "why oh why". Where he picked this up I have no idea, but surprisingly he always uses it correctly. He even puts his hands up in the air and then slides them down his face (very dramatic, LOL). I'm just excited to see him put 3 words together.


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