text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 3, 1996
|Filing date
|Apr 20, 1995
|Priority date
|May 10, 1993
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Pankaj K. Mehrotra, Deepak P. Ahuja, Holly S. Brooks
|Original Assignee
|Kennametal Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (40), Non-Patent Citations (32), Referenced by (2), Classifications (20), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 08/060,772 filed on May 10, 1993 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,427,987.
The present invention relates to Group IVB (titanium, hafnium, zirconium) boride based articles, cutting tools and their densification techniques. It is especially related to titanium diboride based cutting tools and their use to machine Group IVB metals and alloys, especially titanium and its alloys.
It was recognized as early as 1955 that "machining of titanium and its alloys would always be a problem, no matter what techniques are employed to transform this metal into chips," (Siekmann, H. J. Tool Engng, January 1955, Vol. 34, Pages 78-82).
Over approximately the past forty years, commercial machining technology for most workpiece materials has advanced significantly. Ceramic, cermet and ceramic coated cutting tools have been developed and commercialized which have significantly improved productivity in machining of steels, cast irons and superalloys. However, during that same time period, progress in the field of machining titanium alloys has been minor. The commercial cutting tool materials of choice for most titanium machining applications remain high speed tool steels and an uncoated, approximately 6 weight percent cobalt cemented tungsten carbide, such as Kennametal K313 cemented carbide grade. Where coated cemented carbide tools (e.g., Kennametal, KC720 and KC730 grades) have been applied to titanium alloy machining, they have met with only limited success. The use of uncoated cemented carbides to machine titanium based metallic materials has greatly limited productivity advances in the machining of these materials, since uncoated carbides are limited in most commercial applications to-speeds of 250 surface feet/minute or less when machining titanium alloys (see Dearnley et al , "Evaluation of Principal Wear Mechanisms of Cemented Carbides and Ceramics used for Machining Titanium Alloy IMI318," Materials Science and Technology, January 1986, Vol. 2, Pages 47-58; Dearnley et al., "Wear Mechanisms of Cemented Carbides and Ceramics used for Machining Titanium," High Tech Ceramics, ed. by P. Vincenzini, Elsevier Sci. Publ. (1987) Pages 2699-2712; Metals Handbook, Ninth Edition, Vol 16, "Machining," (1989), Pages 844-857; Marchado et al., "Machining of Titanium and Its Alloys--A Review," Proc. Instn. Mech Engrs., Vol 204 (1990) Pages 53-60; and "Kennametal Tools, Tooling Systems and Services for the Global Metalworking Industry," Catalogue No. A90-41(150)E1; (1991) Page 274.
Kennametal, KC, K313, KC720 and KC730 are trademarks of Kennametal Inc., of Latrobe, Pennsylvania, for its cutting tool grades.
The machining speed used when machining titanium alloys with uncoated cemented carbide tools may be increased to 500 to 1000 surface feet/minute, through the use of a high pressure coolant machining system (e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,621,547). These systems are expensive, difficult to integrate into existing machine tools, and require a significant amount of maintenance. Their application in titanium alloy machining has, therefore, been limited.
Clearly, there has thus been an unfulfilled long-felt need for improved cutting tool materials, and improved methods for machining titanium based metallic materials.
The present inventors have now surprisingly discovered a new cutting tool material for machining titanium based metallic materials, which significantly advances titanium machining productivity and fulfills the long-felt need identified above. Applicants have found that the present invention may be utilized in the machining of a titanium alloy at a metal removal rate of about two to three times that obtained with uncoated carbide cutting tools using flood cooling while maintaining about the same amount of metal removed per cutting edge. This results in a significant reduction in the labor time required to machine a given titanium alloy workpiece while significantly increasing machine availability. These results are achieved using standard flood cooling techniques. The present invention, therefore, has the further advantage that it does not require the use of a high pressure coolant system to achieve high machining speeds.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a method of chip forming machining (e.g., turning) of a titanium alloy is provided in which cutting is performed at a speed of at least 400, and more preferably, at least 500, surface feet/minute with a cutting tool preferably having a cutting edge lifetime of at least three minutes, while using flood cooling.
According to another aspect of the invention, a metalcutting tool for chip forming machining of Group IVB (Ti, Hf, Zr) metallic materials is provided which has a rake face, over which chips of the Group IVB metallic material will flow during machining, a flank face and a cutting edge for cutting into said Group IVB materials at high speeds (≧400 surface feet/minute). This metalcutting tool has a Group IVB boride based (i.e., at least 60 w/o Group IVB borides) composition which, preferably, is a ceramic composition having a Group IVB boride phase, and preferably a second phase preferably formed as a residue of a sintering aid and the Group IVB boride phase.
Preferably, the ceramic contains one or more phases of: Nx.sbsb.n My.sbsb.n boride, where xn >Yn, Yn ≧0, n is an integer ≧1, N is titanium, hafnium or zirconium, alone or in solid solution with each other, and M may include W, Co, Mo, Ta, Nb, Fe, Ni, Al and/or Cr, but is preferably W and/or Co. Preferably, the Nx.sbsb.1 My.sbsb.1 boride phase includes a diboride, and more preferably, a Tix.sbsb.1 My.sbsb.2 B2 phase, and most preferably, TiB2 crystal structure as determined by x-ray diffraction of the densified ceramic.
In a preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention, the Group IVB boride based densified ceramic composition has a microstructure including a Nx.sbsb.1 My.sbsb.1 boride phase as described above, and having a second phase containing N and M (e.g., Nx.sbsb.2 My.sbsb.2 Z, where Z may be boride, or a diborocarbide borocarbide, boroxide, boronitride, borocarbonitride, boroxycarbonitride boroxycarbide or boroxynitride). Preferably, a third phase also containing N and M (e.g., Nx3 Myy3 Z) is also present. Preferably, the ratio of y2 /x2 in the second phase is greater than the ratio of y3 /x3 in the third phase, which is., in turn, preferably greater than y1 /x1 in the first phase. M may be any of the elements mentioned above with respect to the first boride phase, but preferably includes tungsten and/or cobalt. Preferably, the second and third phases form a matrix in which the Nx.sbsb.1 My.sbsb.1 boride phase is embedded. In many instances, the second phase is present as a halo around the Nx.sbsb.1 My.sbsb.1 boride phase with the third phase outside of the second phase.
Minor phases that may be found in the microstructure of the present invention in addition to those already discussed include CoW2 B2, CoWB5, WB, W2 B, W3 CoB, TiB and Ti3 B4.
It should be understood that the phases mentioned above may also contain minor amounts of oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and other elements from sintering aids, toughening agents, grain refining agents and impurities.
The foregoing densified ceramic, in addition to its use as a cutting tool in the high speed machining of reactive metals (i.e., Ti, Hf, Zr) and their alloys, may also be used to cut other materials (e.g., aluminum and aluminum alloys, and hardened steels and hardened cast irons), and may be used for non-cutting applications, as well. Such non-cutting applications include articles for handling, or which come into contact with, liquid metals, such as aluminum (e.g., boats, crucibles and electrodes) as well as plungers and dies for forming sheet metal articles, such as cans.
According to another aspect of the .present invention, a process is provided for manufacturing the above titanium diboride based article of manufacture. This process includes the steps of adding to a TiB2 powder an effective amount of Co and WC to substantially densify (i.e., at least 97% of theoretical density) the material during sintering. It has been found that, when Co and WC are added together to the present composition in an effective amount, they provide a combination of improved densification to the composition, while providing a fine grain size in the densified material. Preferably, the sum of WC+Co is at least 2.5 w/o, and more preferably, at least 3 w/o if the material is to be densified by uniaxial hot pressing. If the material is to be densified by cold compaction, followed by sintering, preferably the sum of Co+WC should be at least 3 w/o, and more preferably, at least 3.5 w/o, to assure that adequate densification (i.e., at least 97% of theoretical density) takes place at temperatures of about 2200� C. or less. As the content of WC+Co in the present invention increases significantly above about 12 w/o, its wear rate when machining titanium alloys also increases. Therefore, it is preferred that the WC+Co content be minimized to avoid excessive wear rates. Preferably, WC+Co content should be less than about 12 w/o, and more preferably, less than 10 w/o.
In accordance with one preferred embodiment of the present invention, about 3.0 to 10 weight percent of WC+Co are added to the TiB2 powder (or, alternately, ZrB2, HfB2, or their solid solutions with each other and/or TiB2) and mixed together to form a mixture. Preferably, 0.25 to 1 v/o BN may also be added to further control grain growth. The powder mixture is then pressed, preferably at room temperature, to form a compact. The compact is then sintered at a pressure up to 30,000 psi to produce a substantially fully dense (i.e., at least 97% dense) article of manufacture, preferably having an average grain size of 8 μm, or less, more preferably, 6 μm or less, and most preferably, 4 μm or less.
These and other aspects of the present invention will become more apparent upon review of the figures briefly described below in conjunction with the detailed description of the invention which follows.
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a cutting tool in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the microstructure of the present invention as obtained by a scanning electron microscopy back scattered imaging technique.
FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the microstructure of the present invention at five times the magnification used in FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a graph of nose wear against cutting time for the present invention and a prior art uncoated cemented carbide tool during the turning of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
FIG. 5 is a graph of maximum flank wear as a function of cutting time in the turning of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy for the present invention and a prior art uncoated cemented carbide.
FIG. 6 is a graph of maximum flank wear as a function of cutting time in the machining of Ti-6Al-4V alloy for the present invention and the prior art uncoated cemented carbide at 152 and 213 surface meters/minute (500 and 700 surface feet/minute).
A preferred embodiment of an article of manufacture in accordance with the present invention is shown in FIG. 1. While the present invention may find use in many applications, the present inventors have found it to be particularly useful as a cutting tool.
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of an indexable metalcutting insert 10 composed of the ceramic material discovered by the present inventors. The present invention is preferably used in the high speed (≧400 surface feet/minute) chip forming machining (e.g., turning, milling, grooving, threading, drilling, boring, sawing) of Group IVB metallic materials (i.e., zirconium and its alloys, titanium and its alloys, and hafnium and its alloys). The inventors have found the present invention to be particularly useful in the high speed machining of titanium alloys. Preferably, the speed should be at least 500 sfm, and preferably, 1,000 sfm or less, to obtain the most advantageous use of the present invention when machining these materials. Preferred feed rates contemplated for machining titanium alloys are 0.002 to 0.015 inch/revolution, and more preferably, 0.002 to 0.010 inch/revolution. Preferred depths of cut contemplated for machining titanium alloys are about 0.01 to about 0.2 inch, and more preferably, about 0.01 to about 0.15 inch.
The cutting tool 10 has a rake face 30 over which chips formed during said high speed machining of a Group IVB metallic material flow. Joined to the rake face 30 is at least one flank face 50. At at least one juncture of the rake face 30 and flank faces 50, a cutting edge 70 is formed, for cutting into the Group IVB metallic material.
While the cutting edge 70 may be in a sharp, honed, chamfered, or chamfered and honed condition, it is preferred that it be in a chamfered condition, an embodiment of which is illustrated in FIG. 1.
Preferably, the cutting insert 10 has a cutting edge lifetime of at least 3 minutes, and more preferably, at least 5 minutes during the high speed machining (e.g., turning) of a titanium alloy. In addition, the tool in accordance with the present invention has a maximum flank wear rate preferably no greater than one-half, and more preferably, no greater than one-third that of an uncoated cemented carbide tool when machining (e.g., turning) a titanium alloy under the same high speed cutting conditions, including flood cooling.
The cutting tool shown in FIG. 1 is, preferably, composed of the TiB2 based ceramic material in accordance with the present invention. FIGS. 2 and 3 show typical microstructures of a preferred embodiment (see Example No. 1, Table I) of the present invention at two different magnifications. From FIG. 2, it can be seen that the grain structure is substantially fine and uniform, with an average grain size estimated to be about 4 μm. It can be most clearly seen in FIG. 3 that the grain structure is typically characterized by a dark central phase, or central portion, which may, preferably, be TiB2 or Tix.sbsb.1 My.sbsb.1 B2, where M may preferably include W and/or Co and y≧0. This first phase appears to be embedded in a matrix composed of a-second, and possibly, a third phase. In many instances, adjacent to and substantially surrounding the central grain is a light gray second phase which is believed to be composed of a Tix.sbsb.2 My.sbsb.2 Z phase, where x2 >Y2 and Y2 >0, y2 /x2 >y1 /x1 and M preferably includes W and/or Co. Around many of these phases is a third phase which is of a shade of gray intermediate that of the central portion and the second phase. This third phase is believed to be composed of a Tix.sbsb.3 My.sbsb.4 Z phase, where My.sbsb.3 is preferably W and/or Co and where x3 >y3, y3 >0 and y2 /x2 >y3 /x3 >y1 /x1 (e.g., the second phase has a greater concentration of tungsten in it than the third phase matrix). The concentration of titanium, however, is preferably greatest in the central portion of the grain. X-ray diffraction analysis has also shown that the major phase(s) present is of the TiB2 type crystal structure; however, because of the lack of sensitivity of x-ray diffraction to minor levels of phases and minor levels of solid solutioning, it is unclear, based on x-ray diffraction alone, as to what minor phases or solid solutions may be present.
It is also unclear from the x-ray diffraction work alone what phases form the second and third phases mentioned above. However, since from the photomicrographs there appears to be substantial amounts of the second and third phases present, their absence from the x-ray diffraction studies done is believed to be explainable if these phases are also Tix.sbsb.n My.sbsb.n B2 (i.e., Z=B2) phases containing minor amounts of W and/or Co in solid solution (e.g., Tix.sbsb.2 Wy.sbsb.2 B2 and Tix.sbsb.3 Wy.sbsb.3 B2). In this case, their absence from the x-ray diffraction trace would be explained by the almost identical lattice constants they would have with TiB2. That is, the TiB2 peaks. are substantially identical to, and therefore mask, the peaks of the second and third phases.
While it is believed that the phases forming the halos about the first phase (see FIG. 3) are diborides, they may also possibly contain minor amounts of, boroncarbide, boronitride, boronoxide, borocarbonitride, boroxycarbide, boroxynitride or a boroxycarbonitride; however, this has not been confirmed. What appears to be definite, however, is that the inner halo, or second phase, has a greater concentration of tungsten than the outer halo, or third phase, and all three phases contain titanium as the major metallic element present.
In addition to the TiB2 phase observed by x-ray diffraction, other phases that have been at times observed in minor amounts by x-ray diffraction include CoW2 B2, CoWB5, WB, W2 B, W3 CoB, TiB and Ti3 B4. The white phase visible in FIG. 3 is believed to be one of the tungsten rich phases mentioned above. The black spots shown in FIG. 3 are believed to be porosity.
In the alternative, similar compositions may be made based on ZrB2 or HfB2, or their mixtures and solid solutions with each other or TiB2. These compositions are less preferred than the TiB2 based composition described above because of their higher cost. In general, therefore, it can be stated that the present invention includes a densified composition, including a first metal diboride phase having a first metal selected from the group of titanium, hafnium and zirconium alone, or in combination with each other, and optionally in combination with W and/or Co, and preferably a second metal diboride phase having a metal which includes W and/or Co, in combination with Ti, Hf and/or Zr. Mo, Nb, Ta may be partially or wholly substituted for the W in the material, while iron and/or nickel may be partially or wholly substituted for the Co in the material. In addition, W, Mo, Al and/or Cr may be partially substituted for the cobalt in the material.
The densification of the present invention may be achieved either by hot pressing a blend of the appropriate powders or by cold pressing the blended powders to form a compact which is then sintered and hot isostatically pressed.
These processes will be illustrated by the following discussion directed to TiB2 based compositions, but it should be understood that the techniques described are also applicable to ZrB2 and HfB2 based compositions and their mixtures and solid solutions with each other and/or TiB2 in accordance with the present invention.
In accordance with the present invention, a blend of powders is prepared, composed of at least 60 w/o; preferably, at least 75 w/o; more preferably, at least 85 w/o; and most preferably, at least 90 w/o TiB2.
It is preferred that the level of TiB2 utilized should be as high as possible commensurate with the ability of the composition to be densified by either the hot pressing or the cold pressing-sintering-hot isostatic pressing route in order to achieve the high wear resistance while machining titanium alloys. Applicants have found that TiB2 has excellent resistance to reactivity with titanium during titanium alloy machining and has good thermal conductivity compared with other ceramics; however, it is very difficult to densify, while maintaining a fine grain size.
Applicants have surprisingly discovered that TiB2 based ceramics can be readily densified if WC and Co are added to the TiB2 powder blend. The WC and Co may be added: (1) directly as individual WC (or W and C) and Co powders; or (2) as a result of the attrition of the cemented WC-Co milling media during milling of the TiB2 powder; (3) as a cemented WC-Co powder; or (4) by a combination of (1), (2) and/or (3). At least 2.5 w/o total Of WC+Co should be added to the TiB2 powder to assure densification at 2000� C. or less in hot pressing. Where densification is to be achieved by cold compaction-sintering and hot isostatic pressing, it is preferred that there be at least 3.0 w/o total of WC+Co.
While not optimized, the inventors have found that the ratio of W/Co on a weight percent basis may be about 9:1 to about 20:1. It has been found that the addition of the combination of Co and WC in the minimum amounts indicated significantly improves the ease with which densification is achieved, without an adverse effect on the grain size of the resulting material. It is believed that this effect is due to a low melting point eutectic alloy formed by the WC and Co during the sintering process. It is, therefore, believed that W/Co ratios as low as 1:20 may also be useful and may result in a further lowering of the sintering or hot pressing temperatures required to achieve substantial densification. The total WC+Co addition preferably should be less than about 12 w/o, and more preferably, less than 10 w/o, since increasing WC+Co content increases the observed wear rate during the high speed machining of titanium alloys.
The inventors have also found that the grain size of the densified article may be further controlled by the addition of an effective amount of a grain growth inhibitor to the powder blend. The inventors, therefore, prefer to add BN powder to the blend at a preferred level of about 0.25 to. 1.0 v/o of the powder blend.
Limited amounts (not exceeding about 35 v/o total) of other elements and/or compounds may be added to the powder blend to improve various properties of the material for specific applications. Such additions that are now contemplated may include: (1) TiC, ZrC, B4 C, TaC and Mo2 c to improve wear resistance; (2) TiN, TiC to assist in densification. Hafnium diboride and/or zirconium diboride may also be substituted for TiB2 to improve wear resistance, preferably, the total content of HfB2 and ZrB2 in the composition is also held below 35 v/o. It is also contemplated that a portion of the Co addition may be partially replaced by, or supplemented by, small amounts of W, Fe, Mo, Ni, Al and Cr, and totally replaced by Fe and/or Ni.
Fracture toughness may be further improved through the use of starting powders having an elongated or whisker morphology. For example, some of the TiB2 starting powder may be replaced by TiB2 whiskers, or SiC, B4 C, TiC, ZrC, TaC or Mo2 C may be added as elongated particles or whiskers.
The foregoing powders are preferably blended for a time appropriate to provide the desired pick up in WC and Co from the WC-Co cemented carbide milling media. Preferably, at least about 2.5 w/o of WC+Co is added to the blend in this manner.
The blended powder is then densified. If it is densified by uniaxial hot pressing, then the hot pressing temperatures and pressures used are preferably about 1800�-2000� C. and about 1 to 5 Ksi, and more preferably, 1 to 2 Ksi. It is desirable that the hot pressing temperature be minimized to minimize grain growth. In order to achieve maximum densification during hot pressing, the pressure should be maintained sufficiently low during temperature elevation to allow gases generated during heat-up to escape. After these gases have escaped, the full hot pressing pressure may then be applied.
Alternatively, the powder blend may also be densified by cold compaction to form a green compact, followed by sintering, preferably at 1800� to 2200� C., preferably followed by hot isostatic pressing, preferably at 1700� to 2100� C., and up to 30,000 psi using argon or-helium or other inert gas, but not nitrogen. This manufacturing route is preferable over the hot pressing route if equivalent levels of densification and a fine grain size can be achieved for a given composition, since the cutting and grinding of a hot pressed ceramic billets is avoided, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost.
The inventors believe that the grain size in the densified article is very important to achieving the best metalcutting properties and, therefore, prefer that the average grain size be 8 μm, or less, more preferably, 6 μm, or less, and most preferably, 4 μm or less. The inventors believe that a fine grain size is important because TiB2 has a very high modulus of elasticity, E, and an anisotropic thermal expansion coefficient, α, which would tend to reduce the thermal shock resistance of a ceramic containing large TiB2 grains. The inventors, however, believe that they have minimized any adverse consequences of these properties by maintaining the fineness of the grains, as described above, which are believed to be substantially randomly oriented.
The resulting articles made in accordance with the present invention preferably have a Rockwell A room temperature hardness of about 94.3 to 96.5, more preferably, about 94.7 to 96.0, and most preferably, 95.0 to 96.0. Their density is, preferably, at least 97%, and more preferably, at least 98% of the theoretical calculated density. The KIC (Evans & Charles) fracture toughness of these articles is difficult to measure, but is estimated to be (using 300 to 500 gm loads), by the Palmqvist indentation method of fracture toughness measurement, about 3.5 to about 4.5 MPam1/2. Despite this low mechanical fracture toughness, the articles in accordance with the present invention have been surprisingly found to have excellent toughness during the turning of a titanium alloy as described in the examples which follow. These examples are provided to further illustrate the significant benefit provided by the present invention in the high speed machining of titanium alloys.
In accordance with the present invention, articles were made of the compositions shown in Table I.
TABLE I__________________________________________________________________________ After Density Milling as % of Rockwell Grain Milling Total Hot Press Calc. A SizeExampleStarting Time Wc + Co Temp (�C.)/ Density Theoretical Hardness RangeNo. Material* (minutes) (w/o) Press. (Ksi) (g/cc) Density (R.T.) (μm)__________________________________________________________________________1. .25 v/o BN + .63 v/o 50 4.3 1900/1 4.619 99 95.2 1-6WC + .07 v/o Co2. .25 v/o BN 120 5.1 1850/1 4.554 98 95.5 1-73. .25 v/o BN 120 5.1 1900/1 4.611 99 94.9 nm4. .25 v/o BN + 1.28 v/o 50 ≃71 1900/1 4.662 99 95.2 9.5-7WC + .15 v/o Co5. .25 b/o BN 45 2.5 1900/1 4.489 98 94.5 2-176. .25 v/o BN + 2 v/o 50 ≃9.21 1900/1 4.689 98 95.4 1-8WC + 0.08 v/o Co7. .63 v/o WC + .07 v/o Co 50 ≃4.31 1900/1 4.589 99 95.5 1-10__________________________________________________________________________ *Remainder TiB2 and impurities 1 estimated
The titanium diboride starting powder used was Grade F obtained from Hermann C. Starck Berlin GmbH & Co. KG, P.O.B. 1229, D-7887 Laufenburg/Baden, Germany. This powder is composed of crushed and milled irregular shape particles having an hexagonal crystal structure. The specification, along with an example of the actual properties for this grade of TiB2 powder, are shown in Table II.
TABLE II______________________________________ Measured Property______________________________________SpecificationBET Specific Surface Area > 4 m2 /g 4. m2 /gScott TAP Density/Apparent Density 9.2 g/in3FSSS Particle Size max. 0.9 μm 0.9 μmMax. Particle Size 98% < 6 μm --Ti ≧66.5 wt. % remainderB ≧28.5 wt. % 29.8Nonmetallic ImpuritesC ≦0.25 wt. % 0.21O <2.0 wt. % 1.92N <0.25 wt. % 0.11Metallic ImpuritiesFe ≦0.25 wt. % 0.18Other- ≦0.2 wt. % <0.2TotalThe boron nitride starting powder was obtained fromUnion Carbide as grade HCP.The WC powder had the following properties:Total Carbon 6.11 w/o Cr .01 w/oFree Carbon .01 w/o Ta .12 w/oO2 .17 w/o Ca .21 w/oNi .01 w/o Fe .02 w/o BET 1.36 m2 /gThe cobalt powder was an extra fine grade cobalt.______________________________________
These powders were milled together in the ratios shown in Table I to form 100 gm lots. Wet milling was performed in a polyurethane lined ball mill with isopropanol and about 3900 gm of WC-Co cemented carbide cycloids for the times shown in Table I. These cemented carbide cycloids have a nominal composition containing about 5.7 w/o Co, 1.9 w/o Ta and a nominal Rockwell A hardness and nominal magnetic saturation value of about 92.7 and about 92 percent, respectively.
From our experience in milling these powders under the conditions described, it is estimated that, for a milling time of 45 to 50 minutes, about 2.4 to about 2.7 w/o of WC+Co, and for a milling time of 120 minutes, about 4.1 to about 5.8 w/o WC+Co, is added to the blend due to the attrition of the WC-Co cemented carbide cycloids during milling.
After milling, powder blends were dried, screened and then uniaxially hot pressed according to the conditions shown in Table I in an argon atmosphere. During heating, pressure was not applied. The pressing pressure was first applied at the hot pressing temperature and held for typically one hour. The resulting articles produced were essentially fully dense and have the densities, hardnesses and grain sizes shown in Table I. Billets made in accordance with Example 1 were cut and ground to produce SNGN-453T (0.00-0.004 inch �20� chamfer) style indexable metalcutting inserts (see FIG. 1).
These inserts were tested in the metalcutting tests described below in Table III against prior art sharp edged K313 grade cemented carbide SNGN-433 style cutting inserts. These tests were run under flood coolant at 600, 800 and 1,000 surface feet/minute, 0.005 ipr and 0.050 inch depth of cut as described in Table III. The cutting tools composed of material in accordance with the present invention had more than twice the life of the prior art cemented carbide tools. It was observed that chemical reaction between the titanium alloy workpiece and the cutting tool according to the present invention was the dominant wear mechanism on the rake and flank faces. The present invention, however, had a significantly lower wear rate than the prior art tool, as illustrated by the graphs of nose wear and maximum flank wear shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, respectively, which are based on the results of the 600 sfm test shown in Table III.
A water soluble coolant, which may be used in these applications, is Cimtech 500. Cimtech 500 is a synthetic fluid concentrate for machining and stamping ferrous metals. It is supplied by Cincinnati Milicron Marketing Co., of Cincinnati, Ohio. It is typically diluted in water at a water to coolant ratio of 30:1 to 20:1 for machining applications.
TABLE III______________________________________METALCUTTING TEST RESULTS Tool Life in Minutes 600 sfm 800 sfm 1,000 sfm______________________________________Invention >5.0 >1.5 1.5 BKPrior Art 2.5 FW <0.5 BK Not RunConditionsOperation: TurningWorkpiece Material: Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy (Annealed at 1300� F. for 2 hours and air cooledCutting Speed: as noted aboveFeed: .005 inch/revoluationDepth of Cut: .050 inchLead Angle: 45 degreesRake Angle: -5 degrees back rake and -5 degrees side rakeCutting Fluid: Flood water soluble coolant diluted 20:1 with waterEnd of Life CriteriaBreakage (BK)Flank Wear (FW) ≧.030 inchMaximum Flank Wear (MW) ≧.040 inchNose Wear (NW) ≧.040 inchDepth of Cut Notching (DN) ≧.080 inch______________________________________
It was further surprisingly found that the low fracture toughness, mentioned above, of the invention did not adversely affect the ability of the material to turn the above titanium alloy. It was further surprisingly found that the use of flood coolant did not cause the invention to break from excessive thermal shock. These results demonstrate that the present invention has at least twice the cutting edge lifetime of the prior art cemented carbide tools at machining speeds far beyond those recommended (i.e., <250 sfm) for uncoated carbide.
While uncoated cemented carbides can achieve similar lifetimes to those found for the present invention at lower speeds (<250 sfm), these lower speeds greatly reduce the metal removal rate, which is important in determining machining costs and machine availability.
In another example, the composition used in Example 1 was blended in accordance with Example 1. After milling, the powders were dried, pelletized with a lubricant/fugitive binder (e.g., rosin/polyethylene glycol) and then uniaxially cold pressed to form green cutting inserts. The green inserts were heated in a vacuum up to about 460� C. to volatilize the lubricant and fugitive binder. Heating was then continued in one atmosphere of argon to a sintering temperature of about 2000� C., which was held for 60 minutes and then cooled to room temperature. The sintered inserts were then hot isostatically pressed at 1850� C. for 60 minutes under 15 ksi argon. Sintering and hot isostatic pressing were performed by placing the inserts on a bed of boron nitride setting powder. The inserts were then ground to final size. In this manner, RNGN-45T (0.002-0.004 inch �20� chamfer) style cutting inserts were fabricated. These cutting inserts were tested against prior art K313 grade cemented carbide cutting inserts in the RNGN-45 style with a sharp cutting edge in the turning of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. The test conditions, as well as the results of these tests, are shown in Table IV and FIG. 6, and are summarized below:
A single test trial was run at 152 m/minute (500 sfm), comparing the pill pressed-sinter-Hipped inserts to the prior art K313 grade of cemented carbide. FIG. 6 is a plot of maximum flank wear. The important observation is that the wear rate for the present invention is relatively uniform through the end of life, at 10 minutes (based on 0.040 inch maximum flank wear). The 152 m/minute cutting speed is too high for the prior art, which had less than three minutes of tool life due to maximum flank wear exceeding 0.040 inch.
TABLE IV__________________________________________________________________________ MAXIMUM FLANK WEAR (inch) Time RUN 1 RUN 2CONDITION (minutes) INVENTION PRIOR ART INVENTION PRIOR ART__________________________________________________________________________500 sfm/ 1 .0151 .0081.0072 IPR/ 2 .0169 .0203.050 "DOC/ 3 .0182 .0428Flood Coolant 4 .0214 5 .0223 6 .0255 7 .0286 8 .0301 9 .0345 10 .0401700 sfm/ 1 .0163 .0263 .0170 .0354.0072 IPR/ 2 .0228 .0984 .0230 .0510.050" DOC/ 3 .0285 .0296Flood Coolant 4 .0367 .0359 5 .0445 .04341000 sfm/ 1 .0202 .1436.005 IPR/ 2 broken.050" DOC/Flood Coolant__________________________________________________________________________
Two test rials were run at 213 m/minute (700 sfm) (see Table IV and FIG. 6). It was found that the pill pressed-sintered and Hipped inserts (Δ) had equal or better wear rate compared to the hot pressed inserts (⋄) under these conditions. (The hot pressed insert (RNGN-43T) failed prematurely by cracking because it was too thin for this application.) At 700 sfm, the present invention maintains a uniform wear rate that is significantly superior to that produced in the prior art cutting tool. The 700 sfm cutting speed is also clearly out of the useful range of the uncoated carbide tested, which experienced extreme localized wear in less than two minutes.
In an attempt to determine the upper limit of the cutting speed for the present invention, a test was run at 1000 sfm (see Table IV). The invention failed at two minutes due to breakage. The prior art cemented carbide tool experienced extreme localized wear and resulting rake and flank face chipping in less than one minute.
Based on the foregoing examples, it is clear that the pill pressed, sintered and Hipperd cutting tools according to the present invention has the same capabilities for machining titanium based materials as the hot pressed cutting tools according to the present invention. The present invention is capable of withstanding cutting speeds which are significantly beyond the useful operating range of uncoated cemented carbide. It was further found that the present invention can withstand larger wear scars without experiencing the acceleration in wear rate that is typical of cemented carbide cutting tools.
It is further believed that the metalcutting performance of the present invention may be further improved, allowing longer cutting edge lifetime and/or higher machining speed capabilities, through the application of a refractory coating to the rake face, flank face and cutting edge. The coating may be applied by known PVD or CVD techniques now used to coat cutting tools. A refractory coating having one or more layers is preferably composed of one or more of the following refractory materials: alumina, and the borides, carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides of zirconium, hafnium and titanium, their solid solutions with each other and their alloys. It is further proposed that use of such a refractory coating may allow the use of higher levels of toughening agents or WC+Co to further improve the sinterability of the present invention, while minimizing the adverse impact of such increases on the wear rate when machining titanium alloys.
It is also contemplated that cutting inserts in accordance with the present invention may be fabricated with either a ground in, or molded, chipbreaker structure. Examples of chipbreaker structures which may be used herein are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,141,367. Titanium alloy chips are notoriously hard to break. This may be partially due to the slow speed used when uncoated cemented carbides are utilized to turn titanium alloys. It is our belief that the higher machining speeds now possible with the present invention, in combination with a chipbreaker structure, may lead to improved chip control during the turning of titanium alloys.
All patents and other publications referred to herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from a consideration of this specification or practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 26, 1962
|Nov 2, 1965
|Union Carbide Corp
|Titanium diboride articles and method for making same
|Nov 8, 1965
|Feb 21, 1967
|Carborundum Co
|Ceramic compositions and process of making same
|Dec 17, 1969
|Mar 14, 1972
|United States Borax Chem
|Transition metal boride compositions
|Oct 30, 1979
|Mar 31, 1981
|Director-General Of The Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology
|Boride-based refractory materials
|Dec 4, 1978
|May 12, 1981
|Ppg Industries, Inc.
|Submicron carbon-containing titanium boride powder and method for preparing same
|Mar 5, 1980
|Sep 29, 1981
|Director-General Of The Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology
|Boride-based refractory bodies
|Mar 6, 1981
|Apr 12, 1983
|Director-General Of The Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology
|Boride-based refractory materials
|Mar 16, 1983
|Jan 8, 1985
|Agency Of Industrial Science & Technology
|Sintered ceramic body containing titanium carbonitride
|Oct 27, 1983
|Jul 9, 1985
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Electroconductive ceramics
|Aug 5, 1985
|Nov 11, 1986
|Yankoff Gerald K
|Method and apparatus for machining
|Sep 6, 1983
|Mar 3, 1987
|Eltech Systems Corporation
|Boride-alumina composite
|Feb 22, 1988
|Sep 5, 1989
|Gte Laboratories Incorporated
|Titanium diboride-based composite articles with alumina dispersoids, having improved fracture toughness
|Mar 18, 1988
|Sep 19, 1989
|Sandvik Ab
|Ceramic cutting tool reinforced by whiskers
|Feb 12, 1988
|Oct 10, 1989
|Stk Ceramics Laboratory Corp.
|Method for manufacturing a metal boride ceramic material
|Aug 24, 1988
|Oct 24, 1989
|Corning Incorporated
|Reaction sintered boride-oxide-silicon nitride for ceramic cutting tools
|Dec 31, 1987
|Oct 31, 1989
|Eltech Systems Corporation
|Composite for protection against armor-piercing projectiles
|Feb 22, 1988
|Dec 26, 1989
|Gte Laboratories Incorporated
|Titanium diboride-based composite articles with improved fracture toughness
|May 23, 1989
|Mar 20, 1990
|Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology
|Titanium hafnium carbide-boride metal based ceramic sintered body
|Apr 3, 1989
|May 15, 1990
|Ford Motor Company
|Method of increasing useful life of tool steel cutting tools
|Nov 3, 1986
|Jun 5, 1990
|Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
|Glass ceramic precursor compositions containing titanium diboride
|Jun 22, 1989
|Jun 12, 1990
|Nkk Corporation
|High strength high toughness TiB2 ceramics
|Apr 15, 1988
|Sep 18, 1990
|The Dow Chemical Company
|Titanium diboride/boron carbide composites with high hardness and toughness
|Apr 20, 1990
|May 7, 1991
|Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc.
|Titanium diboride-chromium diboride-yttrium titanium oxide ceramic composition and a process for making the same
|Aug 21, 1990
|May 21, 1991
|Eltech Systems Corporation
|Ceramic/metal or ceramic/ceramic composite article
|Mar 9, 1990
|May 28, 1991
|Central Glass Company, Limited
|Metal diboride base sintered ceramic and method of producing same
|Sep 29, 1988
|Jun 4, 1991
|The Dow Chemical Company
|Novel ceramic-metal compounds
|Jan 22, 1990
|Jul 16, 1991
|The Dow Chemical Company
|Titanium diboride/boron carbide composites with high hardness and toughness
|Nov 2, 1990
|Sep 3, 1991
|Elektroschmelzwerk Kempten Gmbh
|Mixed sintered metal materials based on borides, nitrides and iron binder metals
|Dec 29, 1988
|Sep 10, 1991
|Ucar Carbon Technology Corporation
|Alloyed powder and method of preparing same
|Jul 12, 1988
|Oct 22, 1991
|The Dow Chemical Company
|Synthesis of refractory metal boride powders of predetermined particle size
|Aug 31, 1989
|Jan 7, 1992
|Gte Laboratories Incorporated
|Titanium diboride-eased composite articles with improved fracture toughness
|Mar 13, 1991
|Mar 31, 1992
|Union Carbide Coatings Service Technology Corporation
|Process for producing titanium diboride and boron nitride powders
|Dec 5, 1990
|Apr 7, 1992
|Stk Ceramics Laboratory Corporation
|Metal boride ceramic material
|Oct 18, 1990
|Aug 11, 1992
|Gte Products Corporation
|Process for densification of titanium diboride
|Dec 18, 1990
|Aug 25, 1992
|Kennametal, Inc.
|Ceramic cutting tool with chip control
|Jan 31, 1992
|Nov 17, 1992
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Method of coating alumina particles with refractory material, abrasive particles made by the method and abrasive products containing the same
|Sep 19, 1991
|Jan 19, 1993
|Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology
|Method for production of sintered ceramic article containing titanium diboride and silicon carbide
|Dec 16, 1988
|Feb 9, 1993
|Hajime Saito
|Titanium boride ceramic material
|Aug 13, 1992
|Jul 5, 1994
|Kennametal Inc.
|Method of machining using coated cutting tools
|Jun 26, 1992
|Aug 8, 1995
|Sandvik Ab
|Cermets based on transition metal borides, their production and use
|"Kennametal Tools, Tooling Systems, and Services for the Global Metalworking Industry", Catalogue No. A90-41 (150) E1 (1991), p. 274.
|"PAD TiB2 " (Sep. 13, 1989).
|Brun et al., "Reactive Hot-Pressing Studies of High Density Oxide-Carbide Composite Ceramics", Refractory Metals & Hard Materials, vol. No. 2 (Dec. 21, 1992) pp. 75-82.
|Brun et al., Reactive Hot Pressing Studies of High Density Oxide Carbide Composite Ceramics , Refractory Metals & Hard Materials, vol. No. 2 (Dec. 21, 1992) pp. 75 82.
|Dearnley et al., "Evaluation of Principal Wear Mechanisms of Cemented Carbides and Ceramics Used for Machining Titanium Alloy IMI318", Materials Science and Technology, Jan. 1986, vol. 2, pp. 47-58.
|Dearnley et al., "Wear Mechanisms of Cemented Carbides and Ceramics Used for Machining Titanium Alloys", Mater. High Tech. Ceramics, pp. 2699-2712, (1987).
|Dearnley et al., "Wear Mechanisms of Cemented Carbides and Ceramics Used for Machining Titanium", High Tech Ceramics, ed. by Vincenzini, Elsevier Sci. Publ. (1987) pp. 2699-2713.
|Dearnley et al., Evaluation of Principal Wear Mechanisms of Cemented Carbides and Ceramics Used for Machining Titanium Alloy IMI318 , Materials Science and Technology, Jan. 1986, vol. 2, pp. 47 58.
|Dearnley et al., Wear Mechanisms of Cemented Carbides and Ceramics Used for Machining Titanium , High Tech Ceramics, ed. by Vincenzini, Elsevier Sci. Publ. (1987) pp. 2699 2713.
|Dearnley et al., Wear Mechanisms of Cemented Carbides and Ceramics Used for Machining Titanium Alloys , Mater. High Tech. Ceramics, pp. 2699 2712, (1987).
|Hartung, P. D., and Kramer, B. M., "Tool Wear in Titanium Machining", Annals of the CIRP, vol. Jan. 31, 1982, pp. 75-80.
|Hartung, P. D., and Kramer, B. M., Tool Wear in Titanium Machining , Annals of the CIRP, vol. Jan. 31, 1982, pp. 75 80.
|Israelsson, John, "Turning Inserts Take Off", Cutting Tool Engineering, Sep. 1993, pp. 36-40.
|Israelsson, John, Turning Inserts Take Off , Cutting Tool Engineering, Sep. 1993, pp. 36 40.
|Jungling et al., "Pressureless Sintering of TiB2 -Fe Materials", PMI, vol. 23, No. 5 (1991) pp. 296-300.
|Jungling et al., Pressureless Sintering of TiB 2 Fe Materials , PMI, vol. 23, No. 5 (1991) pp. 296 300.
|Kennametal Tools, Tooling Systems, and Services for the Global Metalworking Industry , Catalogue No. A90 41 (150) E1 (1991), p. 274.
|Kertesz et al., "Machining Titanium Alloys with Ceramic Tools", Journal of Metals, May 1988, pp. 50, 51.
|Kertesz et al., Machining Titanium Alloys with Ceramic Tools , Journal of Metals, May 1988, pp. 50, 51.
|Marchado et al., "Machining of Titanium and Its Alloys-A Review", Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs., vol. 204 (1990) pp. 53-60.
|Marchado et al., Machining of Titanium and Its Alloys A Review , Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs., vol. 204 (1990) pp. 53 60.
|Metals Handbook, Ninth Edition, vol. 16, Machining Machining of Reactive Metals , (1989) pp. 844 857.
|Metals Handbook, Ninth Edition, vol. 16, Machining-"Machining of Reactive Metals", (1989) pp. 844-857.
|Metals Handbook, Ninth Edition, vol. 3, Properties and Selection: Stainless Steels, Tool Materials and Special Purpose Metals, Amer. Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH 44073 (1980) pp. 451 457.
|Metals Handbook, Ninth Edition, vol. 3, Properties and Selection: Stainless Steels, Tool Materials and Special-Purpose Metals, Amer. Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH 44073 (1980) pp. 451-457.
|PAD TiB 2 (Sep. 13, 1989).
|Siekmann, H. J., "How to Machine Titanium", The Tool Engineer, Jan. 1955, vol. 34, pp. 78-82.
|Siekmann, H. J., How to Machine Titanium , The Tool Engineer, Jan. 1955, vol. 34, pp. 78 82.
|Watanabe et al., "Mechanical Properties of TiB2 -CoB-Metal Boride Alloys", Ceramic Bulletin, vol. 61, No. 9 (1982) pp. 970-973.
|Watanabe et al., "Recent Studies of Metal Borides", Bull. Jpn. Inst. Met., (1986) 25(12) 1018-1025 (translation pp. 1-22).
|Watanabe et al., Mechanical Properties of TiB 2 CoB Metal Boride Alloys , Ceramic Bulletin, vol. 61, No. 9 (1982) pp. 970 973.
|Watanabe et al., Recent Studies of Metal Borides , Bull. Jpn. Inst. Met., (1986) 25(12) 1018 1025 (translation pp. 1 22).
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 24, 2009
|Mar 25, 2010
|Philip Morris Usa Inc.
|Preparation of mixed metal oxide catalysts from nanoscale particles
|Oct 27, 2009
|Apr 24, 2013
|Preparation method of high-performance pored ceramic blade
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 30, 2000
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Oct 24, 2000
Owner name: KENNAMETAL PC INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KENNAMETAL INC.;REEL/FRAME:011052/0001
Effective date: 20001023
|Mar 29, 2004
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|May 15, 2008
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12
|Oct 6, 2008
Owner name: KENNAMETAL INC., PENNSYLVANIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KENNAMETAL PC INC.;REEL/FRAME:021630/0840
Effective date: 20080910


text:
Used to be 2018 when real estate recovers, but loose lipped Bernookie took that one off the table about a whole percentage point, and refi's are down 60%, and real estate values have backed off highs about 3%, with another ten percent coming if tapering is even MENTIONED with seriousness. Meanwhile, expect the FOMC to be FOMC at the mouth with all kinds of hints, and the fact that housing is not part of many's budget means they are spending, the employed (78% with real jobs) on doodads instead of new digs.
Meanwhile, silver is taking a drubbing because the handwriting is on the wall SOMEDAY, and nervous nellies, having little faith govt is rational to begin with, have zero faith they'll do the "right" Keynsian printing routine, and are taking money off the table. A swing traders delight, investing in PM has gone out the window since Bernookie's blunder in spades.
Heston said it best in Planet of the Apes 1968: "It's a madhouse, a MADHOUSE"!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
FACT CHECK: Secretary Arne Duncan on Education Cuts
During remarks to attendees in Charlotte last week, Education Secretary Arne Duncan claimed that the budget passed by the House of Representatives would mean "fewer… Read More
During remarks to attendees in Charlotte last week, Education Secretary Arne Duncan claimed that the budget passed by the House of Representatives would mean "fewer… Read More
Alabama is considering requesting a waiver from the U.S. Department of Education to relieve the state of some of the burdensome requirements of No Child… Read More
As children head back to the classrooms, let's look at two important figures to consider this school year: 308,000 and $11,400. 308,000: Number of members… Read More
Last month President Obama signed an executive order to form the new White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for African Americans. According to the White… Read More
Support for school choice is at an all-time high, according to this year's PDK/Gallup Poll, released just this morning. Forty-four percent of Americans now favor… Read More
Customized learning has led the education news cycle over the past few weeks as back to school season gets in full swing. And for good… Read More
The Obama Administration's new Race to the Top District (RTT-D) competition, a competitive grant program on top of the more than 100 programs the Department… Read More
When the fight for control over what is taught in American schools is won, Utah will be remembered for having fired the shot heard 'round… Read More
Let us imagine we have the power to rebuild our education system from the ground up—an appropriate mental exercise as we remember the late Nobel… Read More
The left's tactic of intimidation is at work again, this time in Louisiana. The Louisiana Association of Educators is threatening litigation against private parochial schools… Read More


text:
Life Sciences Tools and Services
Company Overview of NuRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
BOARD MEMBERS AFFILIATED WITH Sharyar Baradaran D.D.S.*
Secretary, Director, Member of Audit Committee, Member of Nominating Committee and Member of Compensation Committee
The information and data displayed in this profile are created and managed by Capital IQ, a Standard & Poor's company. Bloomberg.com does not create or control the content. For inquiries, please contact Capital IQ directly by clicking here.
MOST CONNECTED PEOPLE TO Sharyar Baradaran D.D.S.
|Jack M. Greenberg
|275 Relationships
|Charles Kellogg Bobrinskoy
|208 Relationships
|Eric P. Lefkofsky
|177 Relationships
|Peter J. Barris
|126 Relationships
|John R. Walter
|119 Relationships
Sponsored Financial Commentaries
Sponsored Links
Only a company representative may request an update for the company profile. Documentation will be required.
To contact NuRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., please visit . Company data is provided by Capital IQ. Please use this form to report any data issues.
Our data partners will research the update request and update the information on this page if necessary. Research and follow-up could take several weeks. If you have questions, you can contact them at firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
This is the editing server. Do not link to this page or any page that starts with cmstest.gannon.edu.
📷 Morosky Academic Center
Assistant Professor, Philosophy DepartmentAssistant Professor, Theology DepartmentChairperson, Philosophy DepartmentPhone: 814-871-7527Office: PC email@example.com
Gannon requires more philosophy and theology than most colleges, including most other Catholic Universities. That is because success is not only measured by what you can do, but also, who you can become. In philosophy students not only learn the history of philosophy, but importantly they do philosophy; they analyze, explore, recognize valid claims and construct sound arguments. And in both philosophy and theology students reflect on who they are becoming in light of the religious diversity, political context, and global vision we explore and understand. Together we come to know the truth about what we are able to do, and who we are becoming. I teach Introduction to philosophy, Philosophy of God and Ethics. My research and writing centers upon ethics, particularly, religion and technology. An area of recent concern and research is in moral philosophy. What are the moral obligations citizens have to returning veterans? In addition to the thought of Albert Borgmann, I appreciate Jean Vanier's work, and the philosophy of communication of Michael Hyde. All of them, in some measure, attempt to affirm and recuperate vital dimensions of human experience which bring depth and quality to life. Of late I have been doing Rock Journalism, especially analysis of the Grateful Dead. Erie is a great place to live and learn. Along with colleagues and students I take care of Erie's Gridley park, I am a some-time participant in the Gannon Good will garden and enjoy the art of urban composting at my residence. My wife Gretchen continues to share her wisdom with me and we have two grown boys, Elias and Maxwell.
Ph.D. in Philosophical Theology. Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA. 2007
Master of Theological Studies. Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary, Evanston, IL 1996
Master of Divinity. Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary, Evanston, IL. 1995
Bachelor of Arts. Otterbein College, Westerville, OH 1991
Select Writing
"Borgmann on Merton: Exploring the Possibility of Contemplation in a Technological Age" Logos: A Journal of Catholic Thought and Culture (Vol. 19.1, Winter 2016.) (in print)
"The Use of Drones: An Argument against Optimistic Technological Determinism Featuring the Work of Albert Borgmann and an Extended Analogy" Humanities and Technology Review (Vol. 34, Fall 2015), 1-33.
"The Sacred and the Dead: Three Ways to American Beauty" Religious Dispatches http://religiondispatches.org/author/aaron-k-kerr/
"The Grateful Dead and Rock's Religious Significance" guest entry on Rock and Theology Blog by Tom Beaudoin
" Food for the Journey: Wesleyan Eucharistic Piety and the Integrated Christian Life," in Vital Christianity: Spirituality, Justice and Christian Practice. ed. David Weaver-Zercher and William Willimon (New York: T&T Clark, 2005).
"Ten Thoughts Upon the Use of the Great Thanksgiving," Sacramental Life, 16, no.4 (2004): 822-826.
Recent Presentations
October 6, 2015 "Acknowledgement in a Digital Age of Global Conflict: Veterans as Guests in the Ethics Classroom." Annual Conference of the Society for Ethics Across the Curriculum, Clemson University, Greenville South Carolina.
November 7, 2014: "The Technological Paradigm and the Ethics of Acknowledgment: An Analysis of the Use of Drones and the Quest for Understanding a New Kind of Social Trauma." Humanities and Technology Association Conference, St.Thomas University, Miami Fl.
September 14, 2014: "Borgmann on Merton: Exploring the Possibility of Contemplation in a Digital Age." Philosophy of Communication Pre-Conference of the Pennsylvania Communications Association, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA.


text:
Was this picture taken in-game?
Welcome to Project Reality: Battlefield 2 (aka PR:BF2), a free to download game modification for the Battlefield 2 (aka BF2) retail Windows PC game. The focus of this mod is to rework the original game engine developed by Digital Illusions of Sweden (Dice) within legal and feasible constraints to create a more realistic combat environment for the gaming community. This includes adjusting various game play elements including physics, visual effects and overall game play formats. Along with changes to how the game handles, the Project Reality team has been introducing British, Insurgent, IDF forces, Canadian, and Russian factions, plus a number of community assisted factions are currently in the works to introduce even more factions to the virtual battlefields. This Mod is not for the masses, due to the fact that it has a much higher learning curve then your classic arcade game. This is the real deal.
Was this picture taken in-game?
haha if that was ingame the environment settings would be immediately bought by EA :P
It was a joke guys, I'm commenting on how cool the environments are in PR :)
nice mesh.
Looks like something straight out of bad company 2, nice work.
Don't compare Bad Company with PR!
I still can't fly in this game, I can crash into things, but not very acuratly, do you think Getting a joystick would help?
cat fly in this game? u will not even be able to take of in BF3. ;D
Only registered members can share their thoughts. So come on! Join the community today (totally free - or sign in with your social account on the right) and join in the conversation.
PLA: Zhi-9WA Light Attack Helicopter


text:
Nicholls football taking risks
Published: Tuesday, November 12, 2013 at 6:24 p.m.
Last Modified: Tuesday, November 12, 2013 at 6:24 p.m.
What a difference a month has made for Nicholls State University's football team.
Four weeks ago the Colonels were 4-2 overall, ended a 14-game conference losing streak with a win over Northwestern State and received votes in the national polls.
Fast forward to now and Nicholls is a beat up football team in the midst of four-game losing streak and limping to the finish.
Turnovers, inconsistency and of course, poor defense, have all fueled the losing streak and were the reasons Nicholls lost to Sam Houston State, 49-24, on Saturday.
Sam Houston dressed down the Colonels erasing an early 3-0 deficit by scoring 49 straight points before Nicholls responded too little, too late with 21 points in the fourth quarter.
It was such a thorough defeat, I am finding it hard to draw any inspiration from the game, but I have to say this much Nicholls played to win.
I do remember the famous words former New York Jets head coach Herman Edward said in addressing the media, "You play to win the game."
I have no doubt every time Nicholls takes the field it plays to win, but when the Colonels are so overmatched against certain opponents it can be hard to tell.
However, against Sam Houston the Colonels did everything possible to beat the nationally-ranked Bearkats.
After Nicholls took a 3-0 lead, the Colonels tried to catch Sam Houston by surprise with an onsides kick.
Not too many teams would try an onsides kick with over 9 minutes left in the first quarter, but knowing how poor his defense has played, Colonels head coach Charlie Stubbs rolled the dice, and who can blame him?
It is proven the defense will give up points and yardage, and keeping that unit off the field is a good thing so going for the onsides kick made perfect sense.
If Nicholls is to win its final two games and avoid a sixth-straight losing season, the offense has to play well and we can expect more aggressive plays from the Colonels looking to generate momentum.
Unfortunately, Nicholls wasn't rewarded for it aggressive action as Sam Houston recovered the onsides kick and the onslaught began, but it was the action and not the result we should take notice of.
With injuries piling up and no conference title or playoff bid at the end of this season, it would be easy for the Colonels' coaching staff to keep it simple and avoid more lop-sided defeats. Well that didn't happen against Sam Houston, and I don't expect the Colonels to go quietly in their final two games.
Nicholls might lose their next two games, but at least the Colonels will look for different ways to score, create momentum and win.
It's been a rough four weeks and a season of promise has slowly drifted into despair, but the Colonels have not given up and are willing to take risks to earn a reward.
Staff Writer Teddy Renois can be reached at 448-7618 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


text:
Definition of plain-speaking in English:
Talking in a frank, outspoken, or blunt manner: a plain-speaking Texan whose words are to be taken at face value
More example sentences
- Ranging from the abusive to the witty to the plain-speaking, the e-mails flooded in from all parts of the States.
- The plain-speaking, aggressive, edgy 42-year-old will without a doubt make federal politics more interesting.
- Plain-speaking, he will be even more frank than usual.
noun(plain speaking) [mass noun]
Directness of speech; frankness: they have lost the art of plain speaking
More example sentences
- Others of us are willing to engage in plain speaking.
- The plain speaking that has caused friction in cabinet is admired.
- O'Dwyer is chairman of the football board and a man given to plain speaking.
For editors and proofreaders
Line breaks: plain-speaking
Definition of plain-speaking in:
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.
= trending


text:
Jackie hasn't shared anything with you.
People are more likely to share with you if you add them to your circles.
- Social Directory LtdDirector, 2012 - present
- UK Training Directory LtdDirector, 2010 - present
- Aspire Business Services LtdDirector, 2007 - 2010
My website www.trainingdirectoryuk.com is a one stop shop for training infomation where you can use the
free course search to find the course you need.
You can also browse and find:
Training Providers Directory
Uk Training Courses & Events
Training Venues
Training Shop
Training Resources
Freelance Trainers, Coaches and Consultants
Training Jobs
Training News
Training Industry Business Opportunities
Opt in for our Monthly Course Newsletter
The UK Training Directory Ltd like to give back so take a look at our:
Training Special offers
Free business templates and handouts
Want to discuss your training needs then
Call 01702 535628
Email firstname.lastname@example.com
Enquire online
- ISMMStrategic Sales and Marketing
- Greensward College
What is SMSTS | SMSTS Training Information | Training Blog
The SMSTS is a CITB accredited course for the Construction industry find out what you need to know about SMSTS here
Lightbulb moments brighten up your life | Training Blog
Victoria Goffin Guest Author. I was coaching a client of mine who after a long period of being confused about what direction to take her bus
The Power of Testimonials - Ecademy
Business growth through the use of testimonials and word or mouth
Training Business Opportunities | Start your own Training Company
Training Business Opportunities, if you are Looking to set up a Training Company as a training provider. Then contact companies that can hel
Google+ Plus is creeping up on people - Ecademy
Connector. Internet Specialist. Social Media Professional. Public Speaker. Non-Executive Director. Twitter.
Training Business Opportunities | Start your own Training Company
Training Business Opportunities, if you are Looking to set up a Training Company as a training provider. Then contact companies that can hel
ELMORS Risk Model #ELMORS - Ecademy
Connector. Internet Specialist. Social Media Professional. Public Speaker. Non-Executive Director. Twitter.
Antifreeze and drilling fluids from the world's premier supplier - Petro...
Products. Browse Our Products, Anti Freeze, Brake Fluids, Burning Oils, Chemical Solvents, Drilling Fluids, Hydrocarbon Solvents, Low Naphta
Training Resources | Educational Resources | Training Materials | Course...
The Training Resources Shop will save you time find cost effective training resources, training material and educational resources in one pl
Trainers CV Search | Freelancers CV Search | Freelance Trainers
Looking for a freelancer trainer, coach, assessor or consultant? Find the right skills and experience that meets your training needs here
The BLUK
The BLUK, has over 2 million business contacts, 20,000 HSC contacts and over 250,000 unique email contacts for only £1 each, they also do le
Coaching tips for motivation | Tips on how to focus on what we can influ...
Tips on how to focus on what we can influence and change
8 Tips for Using Facebook Scheduled Posts
Facebook scheduled posts: Everything you need to know to batch your facebook posts into blocks to give you more time to focus on your busine
3D Virtual Training World | Virtual Training Rooms | Virtual Conferences...
Visit our 3D Virtual Training World take a tour of our virtual training room and see how you can utilise virtual venues for virtual training
Free Templates and Handouts Members | Login
UK Training Directory Ltd offer registered members a wide range of downloadable business templates and handouts covering area of training,
Training Industry Job Vacancies | Training industry Recruitment agencies
Find UK Training Industry Recruitment Agencies - search for a local Training Industry Recruitment Agencies here on the UK Training Director
Training Special Offers | Free Coaching | Course discounts | Venue Disco...
Special Offers on the Training Directory UK include various offers on Training, reductions on courses, free coaching, free directory busines
UK Training Venue Search | Training Venues |IT Training Venues | Venues ...
Welcome to the UK Training Venue Search where you can find the right venue for your training, meetings or delegate rooms for that overnight
Freelancers Register your Training CV Here | Trainers | Coaches | Assess...
If you are a Freelance Trainer, Assessor, Coach, Consultant or Tutor then add your details here we will then match you to new training oppor
Management Training, Career Tips, Free Blank Resume Form, Resume Example
Training Resources, Free Site, Information/Articles/Tips on Management & Leadership issues, Human Resource Development, Training & E


text:
PC-6 Massage Chair Resources
Repair you PC-6 with our intuitive Perfect Chair PC-6 repair guides. Do you need extra assistance or have any questions? Please call our customer service.
PC-6 Repair Guides
- Brake Cable
- Extending Footrest
- Tightening the Leg Screws
- Brake Repair Guide
- Replacing the armrest Cap
PC-6 Troubleshooting Guide
- Troubleshooting Guide


text:
Home Page
About Our Club
Social Events
Winter Ski Trips
CMSC Events
Sitzmark Sponsor's
Links to Try
Contact Us
membership drive underway. be ready for the the 2016/2017 season!
Ski destinations planning underway.
Upcoming Social Events:
May 14 - CMSC Ski Seminar for ski club planners
May 18 - Meeting at El Barrio - tubing signups begin
May 20 - Half Day Brewery bar hop
May 29 - Kenosha Tall ship
June 1 - Meeting at El Barrio
June 4 - Maifest and Barb's going away
See Social Events for details and our other upcoming events!
And check out the CMSC
area for their activities.
Join us for some of these fun activities.
See Newsletters for recap and pictures of Past Events
Join Sitzmark Ski Club TODAY...it will be the most fun you have
had in ages!
Membership dues
are NOW DUE for the 2016-17 year.
Veterans and active service members can join for free their first year!
We have reduced our membership rates! renew now ONLINE. See membership page for more information.
Get new member form here
Meet us at a Social Event or at our bi-monthly meetings
Sitzmark Ski Club
PO Box 386
Libertyville IL 60048
Contact Webmaster
Copyright © 2015 Sitzmark Ski Club. All rights reserved.


text:
Definition of deflagrate in English:
verbChemistry , dated
Burn away or cause (a substance) to burn away with a sudden flame and rapid, sharp combustion: [with object]: the current will deflagrate some of the particles
More example sentences
- If the fuel deflagrates but does not detonate, victims will be severely burned and will probably also inhale the burning fuel.
- The exercise was designed around techniques for dealing with low-order explosives by gaining entrance to the munition case and then deflagrating the contents.
- Example sentences
- Robert Hare invented the deflagrator for the production of high levels of electric current.
- Among his inventions were the oxyhydrogen blowpipe, an electric furnace, and a deflagrator, and his research included work on salts.
- The fulgurator was a sort of auto-propulsive engine, of peculiar construction, charged with an explosive composed of new substances and which only produced its effect under the action of a deflagrator that was also new.
Early 18th century: from Latin deflagrat- 'burned up', from the verb deflagrare, from de- 'away, thoroughly' + flagrare 'to burn'.
For editors and proofreaders
Syllabification: def·la·grate
Definition of deflagrate in:
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.
= trending


text:
- Report: #823546
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: PC Care 247
PC Care 247575 Lexington Avenue, NY NY 10022 New York, New York United States of America
PC Care 247 Scare tactics - frenzied salesman - outrageous price for service New York, New York
Ripoff Report
About you?
Ripoff Report
A business' first
line of defense
on the Internet.
If your business is
willing to make a
commitment to
customer satisfaction
Click here now..
Does your business have a bad reputation?
Fix it the right way.
Corporate Advocacy Program™
I was able to use my cell phone to briefly access the internet and found the first listing for a toll free number and a web address for microsoft-support.pccare247.com. I called the number and was immediately connected to someone in either India or NY - I am not sure where.
The PC Care 247 technician completely put the fear of God in me - he told me that my computer had been hacked - that bad people were using my IP address to do criminal things - that my bank account numbers, passwords and all financial transactions were in evil hands. The only way to fix it was to install some anti-MALware and that I could not wait another minute.
I was told it would cost $399.95 to fix my computer and provide me with 3 years of technical support for this computer. I was shocked at the price tag- I stated I thought this was high - that I would wait for my computer guy to look at it. I was never offered another price package with a lesser term limit or even a per fix price. I was told this was the only solution and that I was at risk - even if I bought another computer - my IP address was in jeopardy.
I questioned their affiliation with Microsoft and was told they were an authorized rep - I am not sure if that is true or not. They badgered me to move forward. They told me each minute I waited to make a decision was putting my computer in further danger - It was crazy and not knowing a lot about computers and viruses - I stupidly, moved forward with them.
I suppose the good news is the computer was fixed and became operational. All day though, I had a weird feeling that I was being ripped off. When I fnally had access to the internet and went on their website and saw lower based packages - fees for service only - I called their customer support hotline and was assured I was lucky that I received such a rich low priced offer.
I emailed the following day and asked to be charged for just the service they provided to remove the virus - i was told the price was $300 and that the 3 year service plan was only $99.95. I find that astonishing - that a simple fix that took them an hour (maybe) is $300 and a 3 year 24/7 technical support contract is just $99.95!!!
They have few published prices on their website - there is no way I can confirm that this is indeed the rate charged to remove the virus.
The salesman could not provide me with a price list or a quote - every quote is customized I was told. The salesman said he would refund the $99.95 only.
It is my personal opinion that this company is a ripoff and I think their tactics are forceful, frantic, frenzied and not right. All I can say is BE AWARE.
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 01/16/2012 03:01 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/PC-Care-247/New-York-New-York-10022/PC-Care-247-Scare-tactics-frenzied-salesman-outrageous-price-for-service-New-York-Ne-823546. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
Ripoff Report has an exclusive license to this report. It may not be copied without the written permission of Ripoff Report.
Click Here to read other Ripoff Reports on PC Care 247
If you would like to see more Rip-off Reports on this company/individual, search here:Search Tips
In order to assure the best results in your search:
- Keep the name short & simple, and try different variations of the name.
- Do not include ".com", "S", "Inc.", "Corp", or "LLC" at the end of the Company name.
- Use only the first/main part of a name to get best results.
- Only search one name at a time if Company has many AKA's.
Advertisers above have met our
strict standards for business conduct.


text:
May 26
Epic Festival - Thirsty Scholar – Acoustic Stage – Sun 26 May 2013
Apr 7
A Mahdlo charity showcase, more artists tbc.
Feb 24
A Slice of Nice Manchester presents a February afternoon of acoustic music in the V.I.P Lounge at Blackdog Ballrooms, starts at 2.30pm.
Oct 6
Jul 13
Sounds Like: Melissa Etheridge, Aimee Mann, Elliott Smith, Amy Ray, PJ Harvey
Label: Unsigned
Bio: SEA is a Manchester based singer/songwriter.
When not making music she enjoys photo taking, guitar collecting, cycling, coffee drinking, ice-cream eating, vodka and peeling stickers off lamp posts.
Always interested in collaborating/being remixed. Just send me a message.
"(Your songs) Remind me a lot of things, but they are truly original! Good songwriting and expressive voice! Great work."


text:
From the publisher
The 2016 WA-Brides magazine is a must for all brides to be... Full of inspiration galleries, real life weddings and much more.
Covering everything a modern bride needs to know for her wedding day.
Weeks delivery
This is an annual publication. The magazine will be delivered in February.
Be the first person to tell us what you think about WA Brides and you'll save $5.00 on your next purchase!ADD A REVIEW


text:
MMA fighter Fernando Rodrigues has a lifetime 3-5 record. He also now owns one of the first distinctions in Cuff 'Em history. State attorneys in Florida have successfully argued that Rodrigues shouldn't be allowed bail in a road rage incident this week that left his alleged victim beaten to a pulp. The reasoning why Fernando should be jailed without bond?
His hands and feet are deadly weapons. Seriously.
It started in a most familiar way. Pool service man Juan Uribe and his boss, Michael Caccavella, didn't take off on a green light quickly enough for Brazilian jiu-jitsu competitive fighter Fernando Rodrigues, behind them in a Hummer.
Monday afternoon's incident, along a busy stretch of North State Road 7 in Coral Springs, soon escalated. Before Uribe, 25, of Coconut Creek, could calm things down, Rodrigues, 31, who has served two military tours in Iraq, allegedly…
View original post 116 more words


text:
Kung Fu Rabbit, a new platformer developed by Ctools and published by Bulkypix, is available from the app store. Featuring a terrific art style, simple button-based controls, and bite-sized levels, Kung Fu Rabbit may not necessarily stand out, but it certainly shouldn't be ignored.
Kung Fu Rabbit Pros:
- Beautiful art style and smooth gameplay mechanics
- Control buttons move to accommodate your finger placement while offering good responsiveness
- Great puzzle design and tons of bite-sized levels
- GameCenter integration for an achievement system
Kung Fu Rabbit Cons:
- No quantifiable data to compare against other gamers
- Lack of timed mode diminished replay value
- Perks in Dojo lack clear information regarding persistence; interface is a bit confusing
When all of your bunny pupils are rabbit-napped by Universal Evil, the role of rescuer lands squarely on your shoulders. You must navigate 60 levels spread across 3 worlds (and 10 bonus levels that unlock as you progress), with one small bunny awaiting your triumphant arrival at each level's end. You'll only be able to recover said bunny by avoiding the evil black tar and patrolling enemies that stand in your way. Enemies have weak points that you must exploit, forcing you to attack in a certain way or from a specific direction to kill them. Each level also contains 4 carrots to collect while you negotiate the various structures. Carrots act as a form of in-game currency, exchanged in the dojo for persistent or one-time perks that affect gameplay in various way, such as setting up checkpoints, gaining super-strength, allowing you to jump on enemy heads, using gravity-defying tools, and more. Wall-climbing, wall-jumping, and wall-sliding are crucial maneuvers necessary to stave off instant death, and the responsive controls make this a manageable task. Be prepared to die often, as trial-and-error is needed to learn the ins and outs of each level before perfecting your route. There is no timer and no speed-based element to deal with, so you can take your time, think things through, and enjoy the beautiful scenery.
Graphically, Kung Fu Rabbit's locations have a distinctive look and feel that's both artsy and classic, though distinguishing between background and foreground items often led to some unnecessary deaths and ill-advised maneuvers. There are a number of invisible walls that keep the rabbit from moving out of the gaming area, but these also factored into some of the confusion, too. Despite these quirks, we are fans of the look and appreciate the attention to detail shown in crafting these environments. The soundtrack has a relaxing, soothing vibe that fits its laid back, no pressure-no timer feel. There are also a number of fun sound effects that add to the experience. The controls offer a left and right button for movements, as well as a jump button. Wall-climbing and wall-jumping involved jumping while pressed against a wall and hitting either direction arrow. Wall-sliding is automatic and requires no special moves. We really enjoyed these mechanics and felt they were implemented well.
Replay value is decent, though a lack of quantifiable data to compare performance marks against other players leaves little incentive to return to previous levels other than to collect any missed carrots or enjoy the experience. There is a hard mode that unlocks after completing the game in normal mode, adding elements introduced in later levels to all of the game's levels, but we really would have liked a speed-run mode that offered global leaderboards to go along with the GameCenter achievements. A universal app for $0.99, Kung Fu Rabbit is a very solid 3.5-Dimple choice.
Kung Fu Rabbit Review,


text:
I bought some CEG this morning at $22. This is the energy company that Berkshire Hathaway is buying for $26.50. The yield is about 9%. Hope it works out.
It seems to me that buying for $22 something that you will be able to sell for $26.50 is a good idea.
I sold my CEG about 1 hour and 15 minutes after I bought it for $26.40. That is my all time shortest holding period. My reasoning was that I was going to get $26.50 from Berkshire in probably 6 to 9 months. Why not take $26.40 today and avoid the risk. Apparently the market thought Electricite de France would make a higher offer.
Looks like you might have done very well with ORI and ANAT if you still have them.
I made a real blunder selling part of my BRKB but partly made up for it with CEG.
I concur. I grabbed some CEG for a decent price Thurs, but not as good as what you paid. & I was traveling Fri and missed 26.40.
Good luck on your CEG. Do you intend to hold on until the merger, or are you looking to take a short-term gain on an increase in price?
I don't have a clue about what EDF will do but I am pretty confident that Berkshire will do what Buffett says. I would dearly love for CEG to drop to $22 again so I could reload but I do not expect that to happen. I will keep watching.
I got back in just under 25 today. I dunno, we'll see. I'm not big on new ideas. If they want to keep thrashing the price I can spend the next nine months doing this.
My order to buy CEG at $25.50 was a day order and it expired. Today I placed a new order at $25 and it was executed at that price. So now we can be a tag team and trade this cookie to our hearts content. If it goes down to $24.50, I will double down and if it goes above $26.50 I may sell. Come on EDF, make a bid at $35.00.
Over the years I have noticed that some big dividend paying stocks have a tendency to rise around the dividend payment date. I suspect this is because of the re-investment of dividend payments by dividend re-investment plans (DRIPS). CEG fits that description and it has a dividend payment date on October 1, 2008. Accordingly, I have entered a GTC sell order at $27. I don't have any inside information and I am not telling you what to do. It is just a suggestion and it may or may not happen. Good luck.
pmlljl, food for thought, thanks.
Meanwhile the damn thing came close to hitting 24 this morning. If this goes around a third time, I'm going to wait for a better price!
Whoa ...
May reconsider my prior message?
I was away from the computer during trading hours, so I missed the opportunity to buy at $15 and I didn't have an order in at nay price. We will see what happens tomorrow.
Hey, pmlljl,
I haven't included dividends in my thinking on CEG because they could so easily be suspenderated or something. Have you thought that part through?
I am assuming that the dividends will continue at the current rate. That is part of the belief that makes it look like a good investment. However, I do not know if it will happen. I assume that you saw that Berkshire bought $1,000,000,000 of preferred stock from CEG that provided cash to CEG to help with their short-term financing situation.
I should have followed your advice. I sold at 26.40 and it promptly zoomed up to 27.40. Still, I'll take it.
At least when it hits 23 again I'll have cash.


text:
- Volume: No
- Price: $9.99
NEW Contigo Brush Set makes cleaning Contigo travel mugs, water bottles, and kids bottles easier!
- Set of 3 cleaning brushes includes lid brush, straw brush, and bottle brush.
- Brush set can be used to clean all Contigo travel mugs, water bottles, and kids bottles.
- Brushes are top-rack dishwasher safe.
Product Reviews
Write a Review
Shop the Instagram
We see you, we're listening. Get featured by showing us how you #contigo
Instagram or Tweet your photos and click to shop


text:
A CHARITY has been left £2,200 out of pocket after an estimated 2,500 people watched the demolition of the three Didcot power station cooling towers from Wittenham Clumps last Sunday.
The Earth Trust spent £4,000 providing stewards for parking, tea and coffee and temporary toilets, free of charge. But chief executive Jayne Manley said only £1,800 had been received in donations and the organisation is now appealing to the public for help.
She said: "When we found out the demolition was happening we thought people would want to be on the Clumps, which have the best view across the landscape. It was an amazing atmosphere on the day, but at the moment we are out of pocket."
She said the trust has approached Oxfordshire County Council and South Oxfordshire District Council, for help and also plans to approach nPower, which runs the power station site.
- Do you want alerts delivered straight to your phone via our WhatsApp service? Text NEWS or SPORT or NEWS AND SPORT, depending on which services you want, and your full name to 07767 417704. Save our number into your phone's contacts as Oxford Mail WhatsApp and ensure you have WhatsApp installed.
- Send your Letter to the Editor: What do you think? We welcome letters from our readers on a wide variety of subjects and you can send us a letter for publication here
Our top stories
- Oxford United send match tickets to fans caught up in season ticket delay
- Five things you need to know in Oxfordshire today
- Management consultants Newton Europe named Business of the Year at 2016 Oxfordshire Business Awards
- Eating Weetabix and brown rice could help prevent an early death say experts
- VIDEO: Kerry Reeves' mother bravely faces her 'beautiful' daughter's killers in emotional tribute
- Prisons' shake-up will be at heart of today's Queen's Speech


text:
Urchins talk about upcoming basketball playoffs
Last season, East Union set a goal to make it out of the division tournament and into the first round of the playoffs in basketball. Achieving that, but falling in the first round at Calhoun City, the Urchins came back this season hungrier than ever and have a chance to advance further this season after earning a spot in north half with a 93-26 win over Hatley on Tuesday.
Coach Tim McDonald's squad entered the district tournament on a four-game skid, and it was after a loss to Baldwyn that the team came together to express their concerns and get back on the same page.
"We called the team in and had a little heart-to-heart and let everyone say what they needed to say," senior Chris Tables said. "We found out how each of us felt about how things were going, and we got back on track. Now here we are."
Tables, along with junior Trey Barkley, have led the Urchins in scoring this season with 14 and 13 points per game, respectively. This duo also accounts for over half of the team's three-point baskets. While they may be outsized, the Urchins have proven they can find other ways to beat their opponents.
"The main thing is that we keep fighting no matter what the odds are in the game," Tables said. "We're one of the smallest teams, yet we play bigger than what we are."
The challenge began on Thursday, as the Urchins advanced to play Hamilton in the division semifinals. The Lions defeated East, 84-65, in late January.
"The key to Hamilton is just to shut down the rebounding and everything that they get. If we can do that, we could be alright. We can't let them score 80 again," Tables said.
As for success beyond the division tournament, Barkley said the it all starts with the team coming together.
"We've got to come together as a team and have good ball movement, good defense and block out. We can't hang our heads and get down when things get tough," he said.
"Our goal is just to get further than what we have before," Tables added. "Yeah, we made it to the first round. Good. Now I want to see us make it to the north half tournament at Hickory Flat."
About Chris Elkins
- Urchins host Hamilton in Thursday's home opener August 25, 2016
- Macedonia news August 30, 2016
- Hurricane news August 30, 2016
- Center Hill Baptist Church news August 30, 2016
- IRS warns of back-to-school scams; encourages students, parents, schools to stay alert August 30, 2016
- Local schools do well in ACT test results August 30, 2016
- County sets public hearing for coming year's budget August 30, 2016
- Union County Health and Rehab receives top rating from CMS August 30, 2016
- American Legion to sponsor Patriot Day program Sept. 9 August 30, 2016
- Labor Day holiday to affect community services August 30, 2016
- Seth Vincent Flake: New Albany and the people behind the scenes are do...
- Jeremy Cable: They also need to allow for a more eclectic musica...
- Darren Byles: Better yet, why aren't they punished for not foll...
- Darren Byles: "According to Strawn, Union County schools receiv...
- Lego MiniFaulkner: Also worth a look: http://www.knightsgambitvineyar...
Subscribe to Blog via Email
Recent Posts
Recent Comments
- Seth Vincent Flake on RiverFest was just fine the way it was for years
- Jeremy Cable on RiverFest was just fine the way it was for years
- Darren Byles on County schools ask for 4 percent tax hike
- Darren Byles on County schools ask for 4 percent tax hike
- Lego MiniFaulkner on Internationally-known wine journalist to present program on William Faulkner and his wines


text:
Hi, I was wondering is it possible to setup woocommerce either by plugin or default woocommerce settings so that we can set different payment allowed for different locations. For example in Canada payments allowed are paypal and if orders from the states is only Cash on Delivery?
Thanks in advance!


text:
Klaus Knopper answers your Linux questions
Ask Klaus!
Klaus Knopper is the creator of Knoppix and co-founder of LinuxTag expo. He currently works as a teacher, programmer, and consultant. If you have a configuration problem, or if you just want to learn more about how Linux works, send your questions to: firstname.lastname@example.com
Bad DVD or Drive?
Hello Klaus, I have been using Knoppix DVDs from Linux Magazine for some time and have had no problems with versions 6.1 to 6.5. However, I recently tried version 6.7 and it gives the message in Listing 1, so I tried knoppix testcd and it does the same. I concluded that I may have a dud DVD and decided to wait for the next release.
When Knoppix 7.0 came out in Linux Magazine, I tried again, and got the same message. Now, it is highly unlikely that two DVDs are defective in the same spot, so I tried further boot options – nodma, acpi=off, and failsafe – to no avail. I note that versions 6.7 and 7.0 of Knoppix use compression. Is that the problem?
Buy this article as PDF
(incl. VAT)
Buy Linux Magazine
Visit Our Shop
Direct Download
Read full article as PDF:
Price $2.95
LinuxCon North America Convenes in Toronto, Canada
Linux Foundation's big event celebrates the 25th anniversary of Linux
Linux Turns 25
Linux has evolved from a "won't be a professional" project to one of the most professional software projects in the history of computers.
Mirantis Joins Hands with SUSE To Offer RHEL Support; Red Hat Not Happy
Competitors get in the game with RHEL without Red Hat
Linux on Windows 10 Poses a Security Risk
Security researchers have already notified Microsoft; some fixes are available
Mirantis to Refactor OpenStack Fuel for Kubernetes
The company is collaborating with Google and Intel to use Kubernetes as an engine for Fuel
Canonical Joins Document Foundation Advisory Board
The upcoming release of LibreOffice will be available as a snap package
SUSE Joins the Microsoft Test Drive Program
Customers can take a free test drive of SLES for HPC on the Azure Cloud
SiFive Launches a Line of Open Source Chips
San Francisco-based chip company announces their first fully open source chip platform.
Fedora 24 Released
The whole distro gets rebuilt on glibc 2.3
Canonical Announces Cross-Distro Support for Snaps
Ubuntu Vendor tries to solve app packaging and distribution problem across distributions.


text:
Some Alabama legislators favor repeal of 'stand your ground'
Two lawmakers plan to introduce bills
Published: Wednesday, July 24, 2013 at 3:30 a.m.
Last Modified: Tuesday, July 23, 2013 at 11:33 p.m.
MONTGOMERY | At least two members of the Alabama Legislature say they will introduce bills in 2014 seeking to repeal Alabama's "stand your ground" law.
Democratic Sen. Hank Sanders of Selma and Rep. Alvin Holmes of Montgomery say they think the Trayvon Martin case in Florida shows the need to repeal the law.
"There will be an effort in the Legislature to repeal it," Sanders said. "It needs to be repealed."
According to the National Conference of State Legislatures, Alabama is one of 21 states that has "stand your ground" laws.
Alabama's law says that people who face danger can defend themselves and don't have to retreat.
Another legislator, Democratic Rep. Merika Coleman-Evans of Midfield, plans to introduce a bill that says a person can't stand his or her ground if he or she was the aggressor.
Sanders says he favors "a complete repeal," but would consider the bill proposed by Coleman-Evans.
Democratic Rep. Alvin Holmes of Montgomery says he also plans to introduce a bill to repeal the "stand your ground" law.
Sanders' news conference was held at the same time a group of teens was holding a mock legislative session at the Statehouse. One of the mock bills the teens were considering was a measure to repeal the "stand your ground" law.
Lorenza Crews, an 18-year-old from Marion, said he doesn't see how a "stand your ground" law could have applied to George Zimmerman, who was found not guilty of killing Martin.
"It's not 'stand your ground' if you pursue someone," Crews said. "I don't want to be shot just because I am coming back from the store."
Republican Gov. Robert Bentley said he supported the measure when he was in the Legislature. If there is an effort to repeal the legislation, Bentley said, "I'm going to leave that up to the Legislature if they feel any changes need to be made."
Republican Sen. Bryan Taylor of Prattville said he would vote against repealing the law,
He said the Legislature does not need to be rolling back the right for citizens to defend themselves.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


text:
Here are the latest Electrical Engineering Jobs in Nottingham.
Our jobs are updated everyday, so remember to check back regularly.
|Job Title
|No results found.
Results Pages: Page 1 of 1
Click here to try a different search.
Plummer to head RDG Paul Plummer is to succeed Michael Roberts as the chief executive of the Rail Delivery Group (RDG) and the Association of Train Operating Companies (ATOC).
NTAR - Setting the standard A training academy which sees itself playing a pivotal role in finally grasping the rail industrys skills challenge is set to open in October.


text:
Coming soon: Training. Have 30 seconds to spare? Help us choose our first course!
This is part of a t-shirt design for a giant bearded model to wear at photo shoot I will be doing next week in LA. I will more than likely go with a flat white version of this so it prints well, but I wanted to have fun with dimension and texture.
See the attachment for the full slogan.
keyboard shortcuts:
L or F like
Z toggle zoom
post comment
Show and tell for designers
What are you working on? Dribbble is a community of designers sharing screenshots of their work, process, and projects.
Copyright © 2009–2016 Dribbble LLC. All screenshots © their respective owners. Shipped from Salem, Mass. USA.


text:
Knowing When to Log Off
Wired campuses may be causing 'information overload'Read the transcript of a live, online discussion with David M. Levy, a computer scientist at the University of Washington, about whether information overload threatens the quality of research and...
This content is available exclusively to Chronicle subscribers
Already a subscriber?
Log in now
Not a subscriber yet?
Subscribe now for instant access to this article and thousands of others, data tables, and interactive charts — all available exclusively for Chronicle subscribers. Plus your subscription includes weekly print or digital delivery of The Chronicle and The Review and the Chronicle iPad® Edition.Subscribe Today


text:
Need breakfast on the go, as you fill up? Gold Coast Express has a wide selection of teas, coffee, snacks & baked goods. In a rush? We offer grab-and-go items that are made daily in our chilled display. We offer a brick oven for freshly cooked pizza, hot buffet selection, salad & sandwiches for lunch. Our open times are 6:30am until 8pm Monday though Saturday. Sunday from 9am to 4pm. The food concession is located inside Rubis Terceira's gas station on North Shore Road, Smith's and is operated by the MEF Group.
Bermuda is a global marketplace. Put your business at the heart of it.


text: Hi everyone, as i told you before, i used to be Earendil here.. could not log in as such this time, so i had to join as a new member. Today, i received in my mail the information to log in once again as Earendil. I appollogize if this upsets or confuses anyone, but i just love Earendil, you know? well, that is it for now.


text:
The Chronicle Review
A Two-Way Bridge Across the Digital Divide
When most of us talk about the digital divide, we characterize the people on one side as those with plenty of technology, and the people on the other side as those who lack it. Concerned that the have-nots may lose economic ground because of that...
This content is available exclusively to Chronicle subscribers
Already a subscriber?
Log in now
Not a subscriber yet?
Subscribe now for instant access to this article and thousands of others, data tables, and interactive charts — all available exclusively for Chronicle subscribers. Plus your subscription includes weekly print or digital delivery of The Chronicle and The Review and the Chronicle iPad® Edition.Subscribe Today