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Magritte – The False Mirror, 1928
Mental imagery, visualisation and focal dystonia retraining
Magritte – The False Mirror, 1928
Mental imagery, visualisation and focal dystonia retraining
Mental imagery is already used in high level sports competition, and athletes are trained to rehearse their race in their mind, to increase their performance.
Could dystonic patients benefit from mental imagery focusing on their motor
There are scientific facts, and anecdotal reports from dystonic patients to suggest that it may be very helpful on the long term.
Real and mentally stimulated movements rely upon largely overlapping networks. In another words, writing or imagining writing involved common networks in our brain. Studies have shown that the mental imagery of a movement in patients with dystonia follows the same difficulties than the execution of the dystonic movement.
A study by Fioro, 2006 has looked at the mental rotation of body part (hands, feet) in which the subjects imagine moving their body part, from their actual posture into that seen on a picture to recognise which side is belonged in patients with writer's cramp. Writer's cramp patients are slower than controls in mentally rotating hands but not feet; it suggests that the mental rotation of body parts reflects the anatomical constraints of real hand movements.
Could the mind reshape the brain?
Neuroplasticity is a normal process by which the brain develops new connections at different levels, following interaction with environment, emotions, behavior. Dystonia is understood to be a condition characterized by an excessive neuroplasticity of the brain leading to abnormal learning of motor program. To be able to influence this brain plasticity It's important to create an environment for positive learning and recovery. Mindfulness can be helpful in patients with focal dystonia to minimise stress and increase well being before embarking for retraining.
Retrain your brain, not your muscles!
The visual and mental imagery training will encourage you to imagine successful, normal execution of tasks, which the dystonia prevents you to do..
Remember the time when you could perform the movement normally, and how easy it was to do it and the pleasure, which come with it.
It will be best performed after the Botox treatment has already controlled the dystonic spasm
in the affected body part and together with sensory retraining.
Visualisation exercises are not always easy and you may benefit of the advice of professionals such as hypnotherapist or specialized physiotherapist
Try daily to visualize yourself free of the dystonia, walking eye opened, turning your head freely looking around you, writing a page with our favorite pen or chewing a delicious meal.
Also music and melody can help you to IMAGINE…
You may say I'm a dreamer, But I'm not the only one, I hope someday
you'll join us, And the world will live as one (John Lennon)
Ms Lucy Hicklin ENT, Mr Paul King chief executive Dystonia society UK, Dr Marie-Helene Marion neurologist and Carol Harris speech therapist. London living with dystonia event, on swallowing and speech problems on the 8th november 2014, London.
Every day we swallow solid food like a piece of bread, water and our own saliva. This vital function occurs most of the time without us being aware of it, as a reflex. But in fact swallowing is a very fine and precise mechanism, which can be disrupted in a number of neurological conditions, the most common and dramatic one occurring after a stroke, but also in dystonia.
A few definitions:
1- Doctors talks about swallowing difficulties as dysphagia, which is the difficulty moving food from mouth to stomach.
2- Swallowing difficulties can be severe leading to a misdirection of the food to the nose, or to the larynx (voice box) and the lungs, resulting in infection of the lungs called aspiration pneumonia (as the food has been sucked int the airways).
3- Swallowing difficulties are silent when there is no manifestation which will make the person aware of the swallowing problem, such as cough, choking, needed to drink to push down the food.
4- Swallowing difficulties are subclinical when the signs are so mild that they are overlooked such as cutting food into small pieces and taking a sip of fluid with each swallow.
What are the essentials for good swallowing?
1- Of course the machinery such as the tongue, the mouth, the throat (the pharynx) the voice box (the larynx), the oesophagus (gullet) have to be healthy. Issues apart from neurological problems, such as a tumour, could obstruct the swallowing process.
2- The nervous system has to be able to conduct in an orderly fashion the different sequences of the swallowing, like a conductor with his musicians; only one " fausse note" can disturb the all process. It's called neurogenic dysphagia.
What are the sequences of the swallowing?
1- The oral phase: the food is collected in the mouth as a soft mass of chewed food, called a bolus.
2- The pharyngeal phase: the swallowing reflex is triggered by the bolus touching the back of the throat, which give a signal to the brain ( cortex and brainstem) to start the safe guard process: the airway needs to be protected by elevating and closing the larynx and by lifting the soft palate to close the back of the nose. The door to the oesophagus (the crico-pharyngeal sphincter) opens to let in the bolus which has been propelled downwards by the back of the tongue and the pharyngeal muscles.
3- The oesophageal phase. The bolus then passes though the gullet and into the stomach. This is under the control of the autonomic nervous system
How can swallowing difficulties be assessed?
1- -During a consultation, a speech therapist will examine the tongue strength, gag reflex, voluntary cough, and speech and perform a trial of swallowing (water, puree) and/or a 3 ounces (90 ml) water test.
2- FESS (fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing).
A fine "spaghetti "( fibre-optic) tube, with a camera at the end, connected to a screen, is introduced by the nose and passed gently down to the throat. With the camera in place the patient is asked to swallow a food of different consistencies. The food is normally dyed blue or green to make it easy to see against the pink of the gullet. The speech therapist performing the test can see where it is going, particularly if it is getting stuck or going down into the airway (aspiration) .
3- Videofluoroscopy is video-radiography of the mouth, throat and oesophagus when the patient swallows a range of foods (biscuit, puree, yoghurt) and liquids that are coated in barium. The barium shows up on the x-rays (radio-opaque). On the video the radiographer can follow the trajectory of what has been swallowed.
4- Recording the swallowing process with electrodes in the muscles under the chin and movement sensors on the Adam's apple can give a good indication of the timing of the different swallowing phases. It's called an electrophysiological assessment.
Posterior aspect of the base of tongue and larynx , after removing the pharynx http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Slide10vvv.JPG#mediaviewer/File:Slide10vvv.JPG
What about swallowing difficulties in dystonia, in untreated patients?
Very few studies have addressed this topic. Most have concentrated on the swallowing difficulties in dystonic patients following treatement with Botulinum toxin injections.
I will present 5 studies of swallowing difficulties in patients with cervical and craniocervical dystonia, before treatment.
1-Riski et al (1990) studied 43 patients with cervical dystonia with videofluoroscopy and found that 51% of the patients had swallowing difficulties; in 16% the difficulties were subclinical (not known by the patient). The patients had mainly a delay in triggering the swallowing reflex and some residue in the vallecula (a groove, behind the base of tongue, usually cleared by the posterior movement of the base of tongue).
2–Comella et al (1992) studied 18 patients with cervical dystonia with videofluoroscopy before and after Botox injections; 11% patients had clinical symptoms of swallowing difficulties and 22% had radiologic signs of peristaltic abnormality.. after Botox (see below), the signs and symptoms of dysphagia in these patients did not change, but an additional 33% developed new dysphagic symptoms and 50% of the patients developed new peristaltic abnormalities by radiologic studies.
3- Munchau et al (2000) studied 12 patients with cervical dystonia undergoing selective peripheral denervation with videofluoroscopy. 90% patients had swallowing abnormalities with 58% subclinical. The patients presented as in the Riski's study, with delayed initiation of the swallowing reflex and abnormal tongue base posterior movement, in particular in patients with saggital shift of the head.
The subclinical dysphagia was mainly cutting food into small pieces and taking a sip of fluid with each swallow.
4–Ertekin et al (2002) studied 25 patients with cranio-cervical dystonia with electrophysiological assessment. . 36% had clinical dysphagia and 72 % had abnormal swallowing on electrophysiological recording with again delayed swallowing reflex ; also the sphincter ( the crico-pharyngeal muscle) which opens the oesophagus was hyperactive, instead of being relaxed during swallowing to let the food going through.
Ertekin developed the concept of the dysphagia limit. In this simple test patients are asked to swallow volumes of water ranging from 1ml to 20mls. In patients with clinical swallowing problems only 1-10 mls can be swallowed in one go. In subclinical patients 10-15mls can be managed. All normal subjects could swallow 20mls in 1 gulp.
5-Cersosimo et al (2005) studied 20 pts with Meige syndrome with videofluoroscopy. 90% patients had abnormal swallowing compared to 40% in a healthy population of same age. They found also residue in the vallecula as in Riski's study
What about swallowing difficulties in dystonia in Botox dystonic patients?
Botulinum toxin injections, by weakening adjacent muscles, have been responsible of transient dysphagia in dystonic patients.
The different types of dysphagia depending of the sites of the Botox injections have been detailed in a previous post.
Swallowing difficulties are often silent or subclinical in dystonic patients. Patients and doctors need to speak about them as these swallowing difficulties can be worsened by Botulinum toxin treatment administered for the treatment of the dystonia.
Maybe every injector needs to offer a drink to their dystonic patients before treating them! It may be well received…..
Swallowing function in patients with spasmodic torticollis.; Riski JE1, Horner J, Nashold BS Jr; Neurology. 1990 Sep;40(9):1443-5
Dysphagia after botulinum toxin injections for spasmodic torticollis: clinical and radiologic findings.; Comella CL1, Tanner CM, DeFoor-Hill L, Smith C.; Neurology. 1992 Jul;42(7):1307-10
Prospective study of swallowing function in patients with cervical dystonia undergoing selective peripheral denervation; A Munchau, C Good, S McGowan, N Quinn, J Palmer, and K Bhatia; J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Jul 2001; 71(1): 67–72.
Oropharyngeal swallowing in craniocervical dystonia, C Ertekin*, I Aydogdu**, Y Seçil, N Kiylioglu, S Tarlaci, T Ozdemirkiran J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002;73:406–411
Swallowing disorders in patients with blepharospasm.: Cersósimo MG1, Juri S, Suárez de Chandler S, Clerici R, Micheli FE. Medicina (B Aires). 2005;65(2):117-20
A good knowledge of the dystonia is important for a patient to become actor of its treatment. The Dystonia society UK asked me to answer to the most frequent questions coming from their members. Please follow this link if you want to watch this video posted on the Facebook pageof the Dystonia society.
The questions were as follow:
What causes dystonia in adults? Can any vaccine, peripheral nerve damage, the menopause or the surgery has any affects? (Time 1.00)
Does dystonia spread? If so, are there any particular parts of the body it spreads to and from? (Time 6.20)
How long do the symptoms carry on getting worse? (Time 7.58)
I understand Botulinum toxin is a type of poison. Is it safe to use? (Time 13.35)
Can Botulinum toxin be used in pregnancy? (Time 13.39)
Is there a way to avoid side effects from Botulinum toxin such as pain at the injection sites, swallowing difficulties, blurred vision? (Time 15.21)
How can I manage pain in dystonia if it is not relieved by Botulinum toxin? Is it OK to take pain medications on long term basis? (Time 18.57)
Why is my Botulinum toxin not working? Might is this because I become immune to the toxin? (Time 20.41)
Is Artane (Trihexyphenidyl) helpful? Is there an age limit for taking it? (Time 31.54)
Can physiotherapy or mind retraining help? (Time 36.50)
Might diet or complementary therapy help to manage dystonia? (Time 39.09)
I hope it will contribute to a better understanding of dystonia by the patients themselves and help them to cope better in their daily life.
Dr MH Marion
Spasmodic dysphonia, also called laryngeal dystonia, is a neurological disorder, responsible of a strangulated, strained voice and rarely of a whispering voice, which has a major negative influence at work and in personal life.
Patients with spasmodic dysphonia require to be distinguishing from patients with functional dysphonia and from patients with "muscle tension dysphonia" (MTD) which is also considered a functional disorder rather than a neurological disorder.
Many reasons can explain why spasmodic dysphonia , which is a dystonia of the larynx, is not well recognized by doctors.
1- Laryngeal dystonia is a rare condition (1/100 000), and like other focal dystonia, the diagnosis is clinical; if you have never heard somebody with spasmodic dysphonia speaking, it will be very difficult to recognize it.
2- It mainly occurs in women, who carry the stigma of being more vulnerable for functional disorders.
3- The onset can be sudden in 45% of the cases (Childs, 2011). Sudden onset is also a characteristic of functional disorders.
4- When the onset is sudden, the majority of patients recognized triggering factors such as stress (42%), upper respiratory infection (33%), and pregnancy and parturition (10%).(Childs, 2011). Stress should be seen as a non-specific triggering factor making patients vulnerable to develop any medical conditions, and not specifically functional disorders.
5-A phobic component occurs very quickly after onset, as the patient avoid answering the phone, and speaking in public as it's required such an effort to speak in these circumstances.
6-It's a task specific condition as every focal dystonia,; spasmodic dysphonia occurs when speaking, and voice can be normal for singing or shouting. This task specific characteristic can be disconcerting for both the patient and the doctor.
At the difference, functional dysphonia is responsible of a permanent speech disturbance, with a whispering voice or a hoarse voice occurring when speaking, and impossibility of shouting or singing.
7- "Muscle tension dysphonia" (MDT) patients tend to exert too much effort on their vocal cords when speaking and can present with a strained voice, as spasmodic dysphonia.
But when examining the speech in details, three tasks: sustained vowel /a/, oral reading of a standard passage, and connected speech describing a standard picture have to be performed, as the spasmodic dysphonia could be more apparent in the connected speech situation, compared to MDT.
It's very important to diagnose spasmodic dysphonia, as Botox injections into the vocal cords can alleviate the symptoms and restore confidence for effortless speaking.
At the London BTX centre, in Sloane Square, Dr. Marie-Helene Marion offers multidisciplinary clinics with voice specialists for the diagnosis and treatment of spasmodic dysphonia with Botox injections.
The functional anatomy of the jaw is essential to understand dystonic movements of the jaw when a patient is eating or speaking. The chewing movements are extremely complex and I will detail only the main posture of the jaw, following dystonic spasms.
The jaw can move in a vertical plan, with opening or closing the mouth
The jaw can move in a saggital plan, the jaw going forward ( protrusion) or backward ( retrusion)
The jaw can move in a lateral plan, the jaw going side to side or going down and to one side, called deviation of the jaw.
The masticatory muscles, responsible of these movements are 4 pairs of muscles ( masseters, temporalis, median pterygoid and lateral pterygoid muscles) and the mouth floor muscles ( supra-hyoid muscles).
A combination of these movements is usually involved in the dystonic spams of the jaw. The video recording of a patient when chewing can be very helpful for analysing in details the dystonic spasms.
Dr MH Marion at the London BTX centre, is specialised in the treatment of dystonia, and injects under electromyogram guidance the masticatory muscles involved in oro-mandibular dystonia.
the Iron jaw in circus
Eating is a simple pleasure of life and a necessity. Biting into a biscuit could require a tremendous effort when the movements of the jaw become out of control. The automatic movements of the jaw and the tongue, which allow us to eat or speak, can be disrupted by involuntary jaw spasms.
What are the causes of jaw spasms?
1-Idiopathic jaw dystonia is the most common cause of jaw spasms. The onset is between the age of 50 to 60 and it is more frequent in women. Dental works can trigger it. It's called idiopathic dystonia as no underlying disease can be found. A genetic mutation has been identified in familial form of jaw dystonia ( DYT6).
2-Tardive jaw dystonia can follow a treatment with drugs used for the treatment of psychosis, called neuroleptics.
3- Hereditary disease affecting the brain is often the cause of jaw spasms occuring in young people, under the age of 20.
4- Hemi-masticatory spasms is usually a consequence of radiotherapy of the jaw area for cancer of the ENT sphere. In that case, the spasm is painful and affecting one side of the jaw with sudden, unexpected painful clenching of the jaw.
Are there different types of jaw dystonia?
1-The jaw spasms can be closing spasms with sudden clenching, responsible of tongue biting, teeth breaking and limitation to open the mouth wide
2-The jaw spasms can be opening spasms, responsible of difficulties to keep the mouth closed and to keep the food into the mouth. Often the tongue is involved and has a tendency to poke out the mouth.
3- The jaw spasms can also move involuntary the jaw side to side, or on one side only, or forward (protrusion) or backward (retrusion)
The movement involved in eating and speaking are incredibly complex and the dystonic spasms can be a combination of opening, deviation to one side and going backward or forward.
What are the characteristics of jaw dystonia?
The jaw spasm occurs in any attempts of eating and/or speaking, therefore the diagnosis requires looking at the patient performing these tasks. The doctors should have a box of biscuit available to examine their patients with dystonia!
The spasm are relieved by some tricks like keeping a sweet in the mouth or a chewing gum, sucking a matches or the temples of their spectacles.
How to treat jaw dystonia?
The most efficient treatment is the Botox injections of the masticatory muscles.
-The muscles, which close the jaw, are the masseters, the temporalis and the median pterygoid muscles
Masseters, closing jaw muscles
Temporalis, closing jaw muscles
Figure adapted from Travell and Simons'
-The muscles, which open the mouth, are the lateral pterygoid and the mouth floor muscles.
Mouth floor muscles ( opening jaw muscles), also called supra-hyoid muscles
Figure adapted from Travell and Simons'
Median ( closing jaw muscles) and lateral pterygoid (opening jaw muscles)
Figure adapted from Travell and Simons'
'Some of these muscles are superficial and easy to inject ( masseters, temporalis,mouth floor muscles), some are deeper (median an lateral pterygoid muscles) and requires to be injected with electromyography guidance.
The difficult part is to analyse the abnormal movements and understand which muscles are involved in the dystonia. It can take many injections sessions, to get the spasms under control. The 2 limiting factors are the swallowing difficulties, due to the spread of the Botox , in particular when the tongue muscles have to be injected. Starting with small doses and increasing gradually the dosages is advisable.
The human masticatory muscles are very strong, in particular the muscles which closed the mouth; just think of the acrobats in a circus who get suspended by biting a mouthpiece. But at least injecting jaw muscles in human is possible if we compared them to the jaw clamping muscles of the crocodiles, which are extremely strong, and as hard as bone.
Strong closing jaw muscles of the crocodiles
Dr Marie-Helene Marion is a specialist in Botox treatment for jaw spasms, and in particular for jaw and tongue dystonia.
The 3rd British Neurotoxin Network annual meeting was hold in Oxford last week; 74 Botulinum toxin injectors gathered for all over UK in the superb location of Keble college. The program covered both practical and scientific aspects of botulinum toxin and dystonia.
I gave a pre dinner talk on facial expression of emotions, looking on how the concepts have evolved from the 19th century with Charles Bells 's anatomical dissection of the facial muscles, to the 21st century with the influence of facial Botox injections on our expression of emotions.The collaboration of Duchenne de Boulogne with his neurophysiology study and Charles Darwin on expression of emotions in man and animals contributes to the present understanding of the universality of expressions and the recognition of basic emotions on a face, which was confirmed by Paul Ekman, an American psychologist.The Botox has been used as a research tool in the 21-st century to understand the relation between emotion and facial expression. Repressing the expression of emotions by too much cosmetic Botox or by neurological conditions such as facial palsy could disturb in return our ability to perceive emotions.
Duchenne de Boulogne, 1862
Charles Darwin, 1872
The following morning was dedicated on reviewing the techniques and indications of the treatment of drooling by Ms Helen Witherow, maxillo-facial surgeon in London, the treatment of jaw dystonia by myself and the comparison of 2 techniques of injection: either electromyographic guided or ultra sound guided injection by Dr Sabine Klepsch , neurophysiologist in Bristol. Ms Catharina Pearce, medical student from Cardiff presented the results of a national survey on the use of Botulinum toxin in pregnant women.
In the afternoon the lectures were focusing on new concepts in dystonia and in particular the attempt of defining a new endophenotype (heritable clinical markers) for adult onset focal dystonia by Dr Sean O'riordan from Dublin and Dr Richard Grunewald from Sheffield.
Outside the Botulinum toxin treatment, Mr Alex Green, neurosurgeon in Oxford, explored the effect of Deep Brain Surgery on dystonia and Mr Richmond Stace physiotherapist in London, the basis for retraining of cervical dystonia.
A video session, where colleagues were presenting video of dystonic patients with unexpected outcome, was animated and the opportunity again to share our individual approach to treatment.
The meeting was also a great opportunity for the secretary Mr Bells to update the UK maps of the service using botulinum toxin for treating neurological conditions. it's accessible to anybody who is looking for a specialist centre to be treated for dystonia in particular.
Dr Marie-Helene Marion, chair of the British Neurotoxin Network
Keith Haring
Millions of people all over the world, uses her head and neck to carry heavy goods. The control of her head posture must be phenomenal and does not allow any slight involuntary movement of her head. Unfortunately, for some people the head starts shaking and even without relying on their head as a way of carrying, they found this condition very disabling.
Head tremor described a movement of oscillation of the head, making the head going side to side, called no-no tremor or up and down, called yes-yes tremor. The tremor can be regular like a pendulum or irregular, with the head going further away from time to time.
Head tremor can be due to a condition called essential tremor (essential head tremor: EHT) or due to dystonia and in that case the tremor is labeled dystonic tremor (dystonic head tremor: DHT).
The clinical diagnosis of the different types of head tremor can be a dilemma when the head tremor is isolated, as neurologists don't agree between themselves on the definition of dystonic tremor. Nevertheless, the distinction needs to be done, as the treatment and the prognosis may differ.
Table1: Differential diagnosis between essential head tremor and dystonic head tremor. Dr Marie-Helene Marion, 2013, www.infodystonia.com
DHT can be present but without any associated dystonia on examination; the diagnosis in that case is more difficult.
· The family history of tremor or dystonia can be absent as the penetrance of the gene for focal dystonia is low (it means that the genetic abnormality can stay silent and is not always associated with dystonic symptoms and therefore can "skip a generation").
· The diagnosis of dystonic head tremor will be made clinically on the association of others signs.
1. The head tremor is irregular on observation
2. The head tremor is relieved by a sensory trick (similar to what describes for cervical dystonia) with fingers on the cheek or the chin.
3. The head tremor persists when patient lying down.
4. The head tremor is worst in certain position of the head (position dependant).
5. The head tremor is associated with an irregular tremor of one hand, suggestive of a dystonic arm tremor as irregular and existing only in one hand. (at the difference of ET tremor which affects both hands).
6. The head tremor is isolated, with no tremor in the hands or in the face or voice. (at the difference of EHT which is always associated with tremor in other part of the body).
Despite the fact that the patients are not always aware of their head tremor, in particular in case of EHT, head tremor can be very disabling socially.
Head tremor can benefit from therapeutic options such as drug treatment and Botox injections, which have to be offered depending of the type of tremor.
Further research is needed to characterize more precisely this movement disorder. May be it will come from unexpected study such as the episodic head tremor observed in Doberman Pinsher dog …
Dr Marie-Helene Marion is a London neurologist, specialist in dystonia and its treatment with Botox.
Doberman Pinsher dog
1-Can J Neurol Sci. 2000 May;27(2):137-42.
Head tremor in cervical dystonia. Pal PK, Samii A, Schulzer M, Mak E, Tsui JK
2-Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2008 Dec;66(4):805-8.
Head tremor in patients with cervical dystonia: different outcome? Godeiro-Junior C, Felicio AC, Aguiar PC, Borges V, Silva SM, Ferraz HB
3-J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2012 Feb;83(2):179-81. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2011-300823. Epub 2011 Nov 5.
Supine head tremor: a clinical comparison of essential tremor and spasmodic torticollis patients.Agnew A, Frucht SJ, Louis ED
4-Mov Disord. 2000 Sep;15(5):960-4.
Quantification of sensory trick impact on tremor amplitude and frequency in 60 patients with head tremor.Masuhr F, Wissel J, Müller J, Scholz U, Poewe W
5-Mov Disord. 2009 Nov 15;24(15):2281-5. doi: 10.1002/mds.22777.
Isolated head tremor: part of the clinical spectrum of essential tremor? Data from population-based and clinic-based case samples.. Louis ED, Dogu O
6-Mov Disord. 2011 Nov;26(13):2381-6. doi: 10.1002/mds.23936. Epub 2011 Sep 13.
An inherited episodic head tremor syndrome in Doberman pinscher dogs.Wolf M, Bruehschwein A, Sauter-Louis C, Sewell AC, Fischer A.
Recently an English lady suffering with longstanding cervical dystonia decided to end her life, with the help of Dignitas in Switzerland.. This tragic event reminds us as doctors how difficult it can be to live with dystonia. I gave a lecture few months ago for the Dystonia Society in London about disability, distress and despair when living with dystonia. The patients afterwards told me how important is it to feel understood and recognized in their fight against this condition..
-Disability can be overwhelming, as dystonia is brought up by action and interferes with daily life activities. Some patients are blind as they can't open their eyes, some can't write, others can't speak, or can't walk without fighting with their painful twisty neck.
-Distress at the time of the diagnosis can be profound. The diagnosis is always delayed; the presenting symptoms are often unusual and intermittent at the beginning, making it difficult to be recognized by non-specialists.
-Fall into despair is precipitated by the patient's lack of knowledge about his condition. They do not understand what's happened to them and what to expect from the treatment. They need help to begin to accept that their life may be scheduled into 3 months interval of repeated Botox injection. The chronicity of the symptoms and the associated pain can also lead to a vicious circle of depression, chronic pain and worsening of dystonia. The depression needs to be treated to break this vicious circle.
I feel strongly that we can fight each of these dramatic consequences and improve the life of the dystonic patients.
-Education of the patients about dystonia ( Dystonia society, Patient's support groups, this blog) allows them to become the actor of their treatment and to work with neurologists for a positive outcome.
-The therapeutic strategies (drugs, botox injection, physiotherapy, brain surgery) are available to alleviate the disability.
-A multi disciplinary approach working with physiotherapists specialized in pain and dystonia, and a holistic approach of the patient focusing on both motor and non-motor symptoms, can help patients to live with their dystonia.
The specialists in dystonia and its treatment are joining their efforts at every level: national ( British Neurotoxin network), European ( European Dystonia Federation) and world wide ( Dystonia Coalition). Research on dystonia is very active all over the world.
Both patients and doctors have to be convinced that there is light at the end of the tunnel and keep hoping for a better future.
Dr MH Marion is a neurologist in London, specialist in Botox treatment for dystonia: blepharospasm, cervical dystonia, jaw spasms, writer's cramp and spasmodic dysphonia.


text: Posted September 22, 2012 Yes, because it is easy to tell when someone is joking over the internet. Add lol or something to post if you want it to come off as a joke next time. Just a friendly internet tip. Thank me later That's the thing. I wanna screw with people like you Share this post Link to post Share on other sites

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Robbins Library Community Reads and Book Club discussion
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message 1: by Robbins (last edited Jul 26, 2012 05:14PM) (new)
Author John Green's website
Author John Green's video for TFIOS
Entertainment Weekly
Forever Young Adult
The Guardian (UK)
Huffington Post (teen fiction section)
Kirkus Reviews
The New York Times
NPR Books
The Seattle Times
Three Good Rats (Robbins librarian and blogger)
USA Today Books
The Washington Post
message 2: by Robbins (new)
message 3: by Linda (new)
Wow, are there ANY negative reviews of this book? I mean, I can't think of anything bad to say about it, but I'm a little suspicious that there isn't even one little criticism. Surely it can't be perfect! :)
But that review from the Guardian spoilered three other series in its first paragraph - yikes!
But that review from the Guardian spoilered three other series in its first paragraph - yikes!
message 4: by Jenny (new)
You're right about the spoilers in The Guardian - yikes is right! And yes, it is a bit of a John Green lovefest...but I can't say I disagree with any of it.


text:
I have been so busy this month with dd's pre-surgery appts. I feel like I haven't stopped moving in weeks! I missed out on a lot in the group I see. I will try to catch up tonight when dd finally goes to sleep lol.
Also I may be testing here in about a week...even though we weren't trying this month, It looks like hubby and I dtd right before I O'd! He was gone all weekend for the army and we dtd when he came back, the next day I got ovulation pain and ewcm...so I may be testing! Probably how it will work for me, I say we're taking a break and will try later and I get pg not trying lol.
I hope all of you ladies are doing good! What cycle day are you all on now?


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Alexis on the Sexes: Little white lie
ALEXIS MCKINNIS , Vita.mn | Updated 4/23/2014
Tinder date turns out to be 18, not 23.
Q: I recently met a girl on Tinder and we hit it off immediately. She's totally my type — pretty, fun, outgoing, loves going to clubs — but I discovered after our second encounter that she's younger than she said she was on her profile. She said she was 23, but she's actually 18, which she confessed to me on our second date. I'm 30. The age difference isn't that noticeable when we hang out. She is definitely more mature than I was at that age, and I'm probably not your average 30-year-old.
I met her parents, sister and brother-in-law recently (because we're lesbians, so insert the lesbian stereotype here), and upon finding out my age, her mother actually called me a pedophile to my face. Her mother called me and apologized, but I'm still a little stuck on one thing: the lie. I really enjoy this girl's company and can see a potential long-term relationship, but can't stop fixating on it. Should I still be upset about the fact that she's younger than she originally told me she is? Like, what else is she being untruthful to me about? I want to get past it but I'm stuck between thinking this is a big deal versus just letting it go as a minor detail and enjoying the relationship. I realize there's more than a decade between our ages and sometimes that doesn't matter when you feel a connection, but I honestly wouldn't have connected with her on Tinder if I had known her real age. Should I keep going and see if this is real, or cut my losses?
A: Tinder, for the uninitiated, is a mobile dating app that has become wildly popular with pretty much every single person with a smartphone. Users create a quick and dirty profile with a few choice photos and indicate who they're looking for (men, women, gay, straight). Using your location, Tinder then tells you who's in your vicinity and you can choose to hit them up via the app. Tinder is heavily used on weekends when people are out having fun with their friends, and because of Tinder's casual nature, it has sort of become synonymous with casual sex. Multiple Tinder dates in one night aren't all that out of the ordinary, and little white lies are often overlooked in the realm of hooking up.
The little white lie in this case has become something bigger. Allow me to play devil's advocate for a moment and point out that she probably lied for good reason. Stating her real age on Tinder likely would have attracted the wrong kind of attention. For one, she's obviously interested in women who are more mature than those her age. Also, it sounds like she's pretty secure with her sexuality, since she's already out to her family. I'm sure she's gotten her fair share of romantic offers from other women her age (and younger) who are still experimenting with their own sexuality. If I was in her shoes, I'd probably be tired of getting toyed with by girls who think they maybe sort of want to be gay, so I'd try to limit my exposure to them.
That being said, you still have cause for concern. White lies are status quo for a lot of 18-year-olds. The human brain isn't fully developed at 18 — that comes at more like 26 — and some childish behavior is still going to happen at that age. She may look like an adult but she still thinks like a kid, which means consequences don't always occur to her. Remember lying about dumb crap to your parents so you wouldn't get in trouble? As if they'd never be able to figure out that you swiped the car keys and snuck out in the middle of the night, even though you didn't have money to refill the tank and you left an empty Hot 100 bottle in the back seat? Kids are stupid, and your girlfriend is just now starting to grow out of that phase. Let the age thing go, but stay aware. If anything sets off your BS meter, call her on it. She'll grow up a lot faster if she has to act like an adult.
Ask Alexis
Alexis McKinnis is taking your questions about sex, dating and relationships. Send them to [email protected] or submit anonymously here. Don't leave out the juicy details!


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an alcoholic...especially one who prefers wine over other alcoholic substances.
frat boy: dude he just took that bottle of wine to the face
Scenester: yeah man, he's such a juicer
Scenester: yeah man, he's such a juicer
by college boy896 August 07, 2009
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
Top Definition
someone who uses steroids to get muscular
by Nate June 06, 2003
Another term for perfectly proportioned large and voluptuous breasts.
"damn that girl has a great set of juicers" "yes the opposite of emma watson ;Even though she has ant bite breast id still smash"
by bigdumponsociety February 12, 2014
someone who tries to get more than they deserve out of any person or situation.
Man that dude is such a juicer, he valunteered to mow the lawn and now he wants a fifty dollar tip!
by I3 March 06, 2011
A Motion Picture Lamp Operator, 3rd electric on a lighting crew.
The juicers got peeled running alot of cable for the night exterior.
by Dirk Longwell August 15, 2006
A party at a park
Teen A: Are you goin' to the juicer tonight?
Teen B: Yeah, I heard all the kids with swag are going!
Teen B: Yeah, I heard all the kids with swag are going!
by adooze June 02, 2012
in the scene, someone with undeniable sex appeal- a real hottie-begottie
"katie's new cronkite is such a freakin juicer!! yummy!"
by dislocatedelbows May 25, 2003


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The Chimney Sweeper (Songs of Experience)
by William Blake
Stanza 2 Summary
Get out the microscope, because we're going through this poem line-by-line.
Line 5-8
"Because I was happy upon the heath,
And smiled among the winter's snow,
They clothed me in the clothes of death,
And taught me to sing the notes of woe.
- This little chimney sweeper doesn't stop there. Actually, he's quite the talker. Now he's going to tell us his whole story.
- Because he was happy, smiled a lot, and had fun in the great outdoors, his parents dressed him up in clothes of death and taught him to sing sad notes.
- Okay, so this isn't quite literal, right? We mean, what are clothes of death? That's gotta be a metaphor for something.
- Does this refer to a chimney sweeper's uniform? An outfit one might wear in a coffin? The two, for Blake, are synonymous (because chimney sweeping was dangerous, led to the death of one's childhood, etc.).
- Did the parents literally teach their child to "sing the notes of woe"? Probably not. This is also a metaphor for the way his parents forced him into this terrible job. And that terrible job has made him cry, so in a way, his parents are responsible for his woe.
- There are some interesting causal relationships going on here, aren't there? Apparently this kid's parents made him miserable by forcing him into this chimney sweeping job because he was so happy. What's up with that?
- There are two ways to read this: (1) His parents thought something along the lines of, oh, our boy's doing fine, so why don't we put him to work? Or (2) Our boy is just too happy. Let's give him a rough job to toughen him up a bit.
- Either way, it doesn't sound like the best parenting in the world. This mother-father duo is responsible for their son's suffering.
- And finally, we've got some more rhymes going on here. Only now instead of rhyming couplets, we've got an alternating rhyme scheme of ABAB. Heath rhymes with death (well, close enough), and snow once again rhymes with woe.


text:
- 12:59:03, Aug 26th 2016 - Kim Wentworth - A couple of things if I may. The first paragraph states that if ... [Read More]
- 10:35:10, Aug 26th 2016 - Kim Wentworth - @future- not sure what polls you refer to, some polls actually show ... [Read More]
- 9:22:11, Aug 25th 2016 - future - "Both, party officials and "former" establishment members, republicans, were ... [Read More]
- 1:30:00, Aug 25th 2016 - Kim Wentworth - a couple of things:1) your first paragraph I agree with...the whole ... [Read More]
- 1:16:22, Aug 22nd 2016 - firstname.lastname@example.com - Although alkaline batteries are allowed in the trash in ... [Read More]
- 6:31:22, Aug 21st 2016 - Boo hoo hoo! - People who can't string two words together that make sense should at l ... [Read More]
- 8:53:13, Aug 20th 2016 - Aaron Swartzentruber - Why does God need to be brought in to understand this conce ... [Read More]
- 12:40:36, Aug 16th 2016 - VikeFan1 - @WTH There's no need for me to mention facts that have already been cle ... [Read More]
- 4:24:11, Aug 15th 2016 - future - I'm more pointing out the logical connection an always intervening, all know ... [Read More]
- 10:05:38, Aug 14th 2016 - WTH - @ vikefan name one fact you brought to this table. As usual you are a day late ... [Read More]
Chatfield, MN
You get a true taste of Chatfield life if you happen through town on a Thursday during the summer. You will find pie and ice cream available in the park so that you will truly enjoy the band concert slated for that evening. While it is usually the Chatfield Brass Band on the bill, it just might be the U.S. Navy Band or a Swedish Band coming through town on a national tour.
Maybe it is fishing, golf, canoeing or hunting which is your bag. Some of the best trout streams in Minnesota are right here and the greens on the local golf course are excellent. The white-tail deer herd is strong and the wild turkey population is a delight for all. And don't forget the bass in the fall.
If you are one who likes to observe, you shouldn't miss the fall foliage tours. The hills and valleys provide a spectacular showcase for the brilliant colors and the wildlife is abundant.
Enjoy the many hawks, the bluebirds and cardinals. Enjoy the many wild turkey vultures and the occasional bald eagle. Enjoy the large Percheron and Belgian horses as well as the race horses which are being raised in the area. Enjoy the donkeys, mules and livestock. Enjoy the people the shops and the parks---Enjoy the experience.
Points of interest: Brass Band Lending Library; Oakenwald Terrace; Stone Wall up Winona Hill; Nine Hole Golf Course; Public swimming pool, Shady picnic areas; Historical Museum; War Museum Public Library; Pease Wildlife Museum; Lund's Guest House (B&B); Mill Creek Park; Tennis Courts; Softball diamonds; Band concerts in the park; Canoe rental; Shopping district with 40 shops in a two block area; 86 bed care center.
Airports - 20 miles to Rochester and 86 to Twin Cities International; 11 miles south of I-90; Western Days celebration is the second weekend in August; Church service schedule is posted at Thurber Community Building.
For further information, call the Chatfield Tourist Information Center at (507) 867-3966 or send inquires to the Center c/o City Clerk's Office, 21 SE Second Street, Chatfield, MN 55923.


text:
Library News
Fiction eBooks
We now have fiction eBooks through RSB's Overdrive account! Many popular favorites and some classics are there, such as The Fault in our Stars by John Green, Eleanor and Park by Rainbow Rowell, The whole Maze Runner Series by James Dashner and the entire Divergent Series by Veronica Roth. Go to "Search for Books" in the menu bar to take a look!
Late Fees
In an effort to get more books returned on time, please be advised that late fees are increasing from .10 per day per book to .25 per day per book for the 2015-2016 school year.
Quick Links


text:
- Admissions
- Academics
- Research
- University Life
- Alumni
- About
How old are the students who participate in the program?
Participants range in ages from 14 to 19. Students entering freshman through senior year in high school are eligible to participate. The average age of students participating in 2014 was 16 years with approximately 45% males and 55% females.
How do I apply?
To participate in the Discover the World of Communication program, complete the Registration form located online in the Apply section or in the Summer 2015 registration form. Registration is accepted on a first come-first served basis, so register early.
How do I pay for the program?
There are three convenient ways to pay for the program: 1) Send a check made payable to American University with your Discover the World of Communication Registration Form, 2) Email registration form to email@example.com, or 3) Pay by phone with a credit card, call (202) 885-2026. You may make arrangements to extend your payments, but all payments must be made, in full, prior to the start of the program. Your payment must cover the cost of all the courses you select and the housing, dining, metro and after hours and weekend activities fee of $1700 (two weeks), $2550 (three weeks), $3400 (four weeks), if you wish to live on campus.
What do the Program Fees Cover?
The program fee includes everything needed for the designated course. This includes tapes, film, paper, CD-ROM, DVD, flash drive etc. Let us know if you need a 35mm camera for the photography course. The program provides all other materials, including film and printing paper.
What does the housing, dining, metro afther hours and weekend activities fee cover?
This fee covers student housing on campus in Anderson Hall, prepaid Visa card to purchase meals and all after hour and weekend activities. You will get the prepaid Visa card when you arrive that can be used on campus at the Terrace Dining Room and other locations on and off campus. Your Discover the World of Communication Resident Assistant will guide you on your first day of the program so you understand how to use the prepaid Visa card.
What do the students do after class?
After hours activities are scheduled everyday after class, as well as on weekends. Both on campus and commuting students have the option to participate in the activities. All after hours and weekend program activities are included in the housing, dining and activities fee of $1,700 for two weeks. Check out scheduled after hours activities for 2015.
How are the students supervised?
A Resident Assistant from American University's School of Communication lives in a room on the same floor with the students in Anderson Hall. Additional Discover the World of Communication Teaching Assistants attend the after hours and weekend activities with the students.
How quickly do classes fill?
In 2014, some of the classes were filled by early March. Additional course sections are added.
Are scholarships available for the courses?
Yes, we offer three types of scholarships for courses. Get details and download applications.
What if students are flying into DC?
Teaching Assistants are available to escort students to and from Washington Reagan National Airport and Union Station on the check-in dates (Sunday, June 14 and 21 and 28) and check-out dates (Friday, June 26 and July 10). Students and the Teaching Assistants will use the Washington Metro System to go to and from the Airport and American University. DWC must be notified 2 weeks in advance of flight itineraries.
For additional program questions, contact Program Director Sarah Menke-Fish. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Office number: 202-885-2098.
For finance, registration, payment and matriculation questions, contact our registrar at 202-885-2026.


text:
Psychoanalytic Perspective (psychoanalytic approach)
Psychoanalytic Perspective (psychoanalytic approach):
+ add to my flashcards
cite this term
The psychoanalytic approach focuses on the importance of the unconscious mind (not the conscious mind). In other words, psychoanalytic perspective dictates that behavior is determined by your past experiences that are left in the Unconscious Mind (people are unaware of them). This perspective is still based on Freud's psychoanalytic perspective about early experiences being so influential on current behavior, but the focus on sex is not as great.
Interested in a Graduate Psychology Degree?
You can get free information about Adler University's graduate psychology programs just by answering a few short questions.
It only takes a minute. What are you waiting for? Get Free Info


text:
Airport Limo 9 abide by the flat rates as set by the
Greater Toronto Airport Authority, and obey all rules and regulations of the
GTA, as well as the City of Toronto and City of
Flat Rate for 6 passengers Shuttle from
Brantford to Toronto Airport:
(14 passengers Shuttle / Bus available upon request)
$ 186.00
101 km
Approximate Travel Time:
1 hour 13 min.
Local taxi company charges:
$155 - $175 (rate varies
due to traffic conditions)
from Brantford to
Toronto Airport
- Brantford Airport Shuttle
- Brantford Airport Bus
- Brantford Airport Transportation
- Brantford Airport Van
- Brantford Wedding Shuttle
- Brantford Corporate Shuttle
- Brantford Night Out Shuttle
- Brantford Casino Shuttle
- Airport Shuttle Brantford
Brantford Airport Shuttle additional
charges and fees
13% HST (Ontario government tax) will be added to all
$15 extra for prearranged Airport pickup (Lincoln sedan
and SUV)
$27 extra for prearranged Airport pickup (Stretch
Limousine or Shuttle)
$10 extra for child seat
$10 extra for en route stop for Lincoln sedan
$10 extra for every 15 minutes of waiting time (first 15
minutes free)
$15 extra for en route stop for Shuttle and Van
$20 extra for en route stop for Stretch Limousine or
Stretch SUV
$45 extra for Meet & Greet Service
$50 extra for Trailer for Luggage
$Additional fee charged for use of Toll Highway 407
$All prepaid reservation subject to 15% Driver Gratuity
Brantford Airport Shuttle cancellation
12 hour notice prior pick-up time is required or 50% cancellation fee will apply
No-show will be charged in full
Toronto Airport pick-up procedures:
1. Clear Customs
2. Pick-up Luggage
3. Go to Commissionaire at the Pre-arranged Stand. Ask
him to call Limo 9 Shuttle from compound. Your Shuttle will arrive in 2 minutes.
Toronto Airport Pre-arranged Stands:
Terminal 1 - Post B
Terminal 3 - Post 29
NOTE: In the event your flight arrives after 12:00 midnight,
Commissionaire may not be present. In this case, please call our dispatch office at 416.999-9999 and we will send you your
shuttle from compound at any time. Limo 9 dispatch office open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week to assist you.
Call us at 416.999-9999 to book Brantford Airport Shuttle


text:
full metal alchemist
full metal alchemist
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The Da Vinci Code
, Well heres aother book to discuss!
View Member Profile
May 18 2006, 06:49 PM
Group: Members
Posts: 172
Joined: 20-August 05
Member No.: 20,575
Gender: Male
QUOTE(Void @ May 18 2006, 08:41 PM) [snapback]397488[/snapback]
Are you still in a hurry?
no, i´m listenig music right now...and i have peace (a lil bit but...)
---run for your live
---i want one of that (i want the Lionheart)
the time pass, the person pass, but you always will be on my mind
zarpia thank you so much
View Member Profile
May 19 2006, 12:48 AM
Executive Officer (Spam Assassin)
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Joined: 28-May 04
From: Canadia
Member No.: 16
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All right, no more spam now, kids.
I have read the book, and I intend to see the movie. Personally, I enjoyed the book to some extent. I do like mysteries, and that aspect appealed to me. However, that same aspect also made everything almost too predictable in some cases. You know it's predictable when you figure out a puzzle before the characters do. Then again, maybe it was supposed to be dramatically ironic like that. Who knows?
As for the "factual" elements, I admire Brown's ability to think of something so conspiratorial, and being able to fabricate a general theme out of all these little ideas. The story is fiction, obviously, but the rest of the book is filled with details about Da Vinci's artwork and descriptions of real-life places. I think the trouble starts when people are absorbed into all the actual "factual" things (location, artifacts, etc.), and begin to believe that the rest of the "facts" must be true as well.
Yeah, I don't know where I'm going with this, but all I know is that I see the book merely as something entertaining. Sure, the possibilities are fun/intriguing to dwell on, but I wouldn't think too much past them.
(Forum Spam Assassin, Vice-Mother, and Queen of the Grammar Police)
This sentence says something else when you're not looking.
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May 19 2006, 02:58 AM
State Alchemist (Colonel)
Group: Members
Posts: 1,471
Joined: 24-April 06
From: taking over .:Haagen Dazs:. factory
Member No.: 35,098
Gender: Female
*I don't mean to spam here for talking about the
instead of the book*
I skipped morning class and watched the movie today
(what for coming to school for an hour of crappy lecture and wait 4 hours for the next one?)
Anyway, the movie was at 11a.m., and the cinema was not crowded.
The movie was great I'd say. The camera movements were really good, it wraps up the ENTIRE, magnificent setting of every scene perfectly. Speaking about the settings of the movie, I'm sure ancient artefact lover would LOVE them XD.
Storywise, I didn't read the book before watching the movie. The story was pretty cool, I was so hooked to those codes. Overall, the story was perfect
. I wonder how did Brown get to know all these codes and the
history about Jesus and Christianity. The story was a fiction, isn't it?
After watching the movie, it seems kind of true
For those who have watched the movie, I wanna know if you have noticed the old sister in the church
was it Templar Church?
. In the middle of the movie, Silas smashed her head with the stone tablet he found at the church right? What happened to her in the end? Did she die? I was pretty sure the movie did not tell me this..
I think "Silas" and "Teabing" are insane idiots..
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May 19 2006, 03:41 PM
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Ok the best lines in the film which cracked me up (as well as I can recall them);
I am the direct decendent of Jesus!
to get to a Library!
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May 19 2006, 03:46 PM
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Despite the various efforts of multiple people, I have yet to read this book for some odd reason. Yet I have read the 'prequel' Angles & Demons. Which did peak my intrest, but I haven't gotten around to read da vinci... There makeing such a big deal out of this book and now movie, I don't think its needed.
[edit]poop; i think its 'need to get to
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May 19 2006, 03:52 PM
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My post shall fixed now! And it's "Prequal" not Prequil IIRC.
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May 19 2006, 05:33 PM
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QUOTE(popogeejo @ May 19 2006, 03:52 PM) [snapback]397884[/snapback]
My post shall fixed now! And it's "Prequal" not Prequil IIRC.
Everytime you post something mind numbingly retarded, this forum crashes.
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May 19 2006, 06:54 PM
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...yes. Prequel.
Anyways, I just got back from seeing it. I liked it, but I think that anyone who hadn't read the book would be completely left in the dust. Also, it felt pretty slow paced. Mainly, the best reason to see it is as a companion to the book- it illustrates all of the scenes and artwork quite nicely. It really lets one get a good idea of what they're actually talking about in most of the book wihtout having to endlessly image search on Google.
I see why people have been saying that it wasn't a great movie though. I did like how it sticks to the book so well, and how it represented the ending and various scenes. It was nice, though a bit pathetic in parts. Sophie Neveu also struck me as being the classic Anti-Mary-Sue: instead of the author surrogate, the reader surrogate. She was completely clueless and only useful to ask stupid questions so that people who haven't read the book would get a clue as to what's going on, and to say stupid things, like ZOMG I CAN'T WALK ON WATER! MAYBE I CAN TURN IT INTO WINE! She also had that pathetic little 'victorious hero swaggerwalk at the end which I find particularly irksome outside of Indiana Jones and James Bond.
What is without fault, however, is the acting. All of the main characters played their parts well, especially Ian McKellen as Leigh Teabing. He did a wonderful job. Sophie and Langdon weren't quite so good, but only because Tom Hanks and the other one didn't really have roles that allowed them to shine in the right ways.
Well, overall, it was nice.
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May 20 2006, 11:58 AM
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Yes, I would say definately read the book before watching the movie... It wouldn't make a whole lot of sense otherwise.
I think the main problem with the movie was that they tried to put in all these things that were in the book, without having the time to explain them. Some things books do you really can't do in movies, and it's best to just take them out when you can. Little details that made the book interesting just make the movie drag a bit, and make even less sense.
They also leaned too much on digital effects. It's all very well to see words lighting up and planets moving around and glowing, but it can't be used to entirely make the scene. It's nice scenery, but it should be the actors creating the drama, not computer generated things. The actors just had to stand there and stare at things that didn't exist for half the movie.
Flashbacks! Too many flashbacks, not enough explanation. Especially the one about Silas. In the book I found Silas to be an interesting character, especially with his background. In the movie however, his flasback was a random flip-through of images, which would have made no sense if it weren't for the book explanation. I mean, I almost didn't understand any of it, and I've read the book!
Despite all that, I enjoyed the movie, and I think it's worth seeing, but only if you've read the book... It did have it's good moments, and overall it wasn't too bad... What I said before was probably mostly just me being picky.
Oh, and @ME, I rather like the part where she tried to walk on water. It was possibly the only piece of humor she gave to the film.
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Jun 10 2006, 11:58 PM
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It's kinda hard to follow the movie if you haven't read the book. Most stuff there really doesn't stick to the original intention of the book. For example, the part where the book narrates the story of Silas, and how he got to meet Aringarosa. The part where he was in the prison was missing, as well as the destruction of the prison. Also, Silas was NOT religious when he was still inside the prison.
Some parts in the original flow of the story was also altered in the movie, as in the case of the correspondence between Bezu Fache and Aringarosa.
The book's story is superb, but having read the Angels and Demons novel also by Dan Brown, I can say that the two stories have many similarities. Both of them are good, though.
Dan Brown must have spent lots of time for his research on the background of the church and other matters connected to it, including Opus Dei, the Templars, and the Priory of Sion.
However, many people claim that the 'facts' (which is written at the beginning of the book) that Dan Brown wants the readers to believe, are really products of false records. I have watched some of these on the feature about the book, but I forgot the title.
This book (and movie) has stirred up quite a lot of controversies in our country. Many conservatives motioned that the movie should not be shown here, due to its heretic and anti-religious nature. It has also brought the catholic organization Opus Dei into the spotlight.
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Jun 11 2006, 11:10 PM
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QUOTE(kojirou @ Jun 10 2006, 11:58 PM) [snapback]410219[/snapback]
Many conservatives motioned that the movie should not be shown here, due to its heretic and anti-religious nature.
This is not meant to be offensive in ANY way at all,
but Americans seem to be way too sensitive towards anything coming close to their precious religion, if this topic gets onto this track; I know I just have to make sure there is a topic on Harry potter. but please, you
the books as they taught witchcraft to children...lol... Im going to stop now... XD
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Jun 12 2006, 08:53 PM
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I'm not American..
I am from the Philippines, an archipelago that was colonized by Spain in 1521, thus making Catholicism the major religion here in our country.
People here defend the religion too much that so many movies come out too edited to be good.
In the case of the movie, many people protested that the movie was too heretic to be shown, and many religious and political figures said that the movie "could poison the beliefs of the weak-minded."
As for the book, it now costs thrice as much here, compared to its price about six months ago.
In my opinion, they are overreacting to the novel. It's fiction, for God's sake. Not all of the sh*t stated there are true, and some are only created and connected just to put in the thrill and the complexity of a good and interesting fiction novel.
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Jun 13 2006, 02:22 AM
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As many have mentioned, the only reason people would believe the book a threat is if they have doubt in what they believe anyway. Why should people want it banned if they will never believe what it says? It almost suggests Catholic leaders believe they may lose their 'flock' to the book.
The point Monkey was making is that different places follow the same religion differently. Many people in the UK are Catholic or Christian, but Da Vinci didn't cause nearly as much of a stir here. Yes they wouldn't allow them to film in Westminster, but when it came to filming in Lincoln they saw it as a big opportunity. It has brought people/money to the Cathedral and it has done the same in the other places the film was made.
One thing I didn't like about the end of the film is Sophie's 'family'. In the book it is based around her actual relatives, not so much her 'protectors'. You see her brother but thats about it after he phones the others.
Slow in places, and I thought it was too dark all the time. I know it was mostly set at night but its almost as if they were going for noir.
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Jun 14 2006, 10:47 AM
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Before I had read the book I was told that it defied and insulted God. A co-worker even told me that the book proved that God didn't exist. So After I read the book, I was surprised at how much controversy it aroused. It is merely a fictional book that just tells about another religion.
I was very impressed at Dan Brown's ability to put a whole puzzling conspiracy together and actually make it work. And I was confused at why did people make such a fuss about it.
To be honest, the book did not change my beliefs at all. It was simply a well-written book to me.
I blame the over-zealous religious fanatics, those who believe or don't believe in Christian beliefs. The book is place in the Fiction section of the bookstores for a reason.
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Jun 15 2006, 04:45 AM
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It does not insult God, it attacks some of his followers. It talks about how they covered up the 'truth' and murdered those who believed in the real Holy Grail. I suppose it is odd to think so many people got uppy when it wasn't actually questioning whether God existed at all.
Yes it is a fiction book but he believes some of what he is writing is fact. Its not even the first book to explore these ideas, that was 'The Hold Blood and the Holy Grail'.
Still, as Monkey stated, people burn Harry Potter books, as religious fanatics believe it sends children into the Occult. Da Vinci Code never stood a chance.
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Aliases: Andrea Moranti, Andres Moranti, Andreas Moranti
Years Active: 2001 - 2011
Born: Feb 8th 1973 / Aquarius
Birth Place: Gran Canaria Spain
Gender: Male
Ethnicity: European
Height: 5ft 10in
Tattoos: Tribal left upper arm/shoulder; court jester right upper arm/shoulder; tribal outside right upper arm; scorpion on right buttock; mermaid/skeleton on left lower leg
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Andrea Moranty's Porn Star Biography
Andrea Moranty first began appearing in XXX movies in 2001 when he was 28 years old. He went on to work in the porn industry for a decade before retiring in 2010 with more than 200 titles to his credit. He had the opportunity to work with many of the most well known production companies in the industry, including Red Light District, K-Beech Video, Private, Colossal Entertainment, and many more.
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Directorial Debut
In 2006, Moranty briefly tried his hand at directing films. However, while he directed the film Ibiza Fever for Juicy Entertainment, he also performed in it. We've no idea why Moranty didn't continue to direct movies, but his directorial debut would prove to be the first and last film he produced.
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Les Marquises De Sade
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Robert John Riggins (Diesel or Riggo)
Position: RB
6-2, 230lb (188cm, 104kg)
Born: August 4, 1949 in Centralia, KS
College: Kansas (College Stats)
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 91 (206th overall since 1960)
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