text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 4, 1994
|Filing date
|Jul 19, 1990
|Priority date
|Sep 11, 1987
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Robert R. Asprey, Remigius G. Shatas
|Original Assignee
|Cybex Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (72), Classifications (11), Legal Events (11)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/446,010, filed on Dec. 5, 1989, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/095,140, filed on Sept. 11, 1987, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,885,718.
This invention relates to an extended length, TTL driven coupling system for coupling video and keyboard signals between a computer and monitor and keyboard with a single, conventional cable up to 250 feet in one embodiment, up to 400 feet in a second embodiment, and up to 1,000 feet in yet a third embodiment of the present invention.
It is a convenient practice to physically separate a digital computer from the keyboard and monitor by which the computer is monitored and controlled. The monitor and keyboard may be in the form of a single housed unit or, as is more common today, the monitor and keyboard are separate. One of the most popular microcomputers in use today is the IBM personal computer family and its clones made by others, which generally utilize the same or a similar arrangement for interconnecting a keyboard and monitor to the computer.
As a matter of convenience, there are separate electrical connectors on these computers for mating plugs, one plug connecting to a monitor cable and the other to a keyboard cable. The opposite ends of these cables are provided with plugs which plug into a monitor connector of a monitor and a keyboard connector of a keyboard. Normally, these cables are on the order of three to six feet, enabling some, but limited, separation from the computer. This typically requires that the computer and work station be located together.
It is to be appreciated that there are situations, in fact, many, where it is desirable to separate the computer from the work station. This may be due to space considerations or an inhospitable environment for a computer.
Separation has been attempted by extending the length of the separate connecting cables described above, but it has been found that where separation is generally greater than 12-18 feet, reliability of keyboard operation and quality of the video display is sacrificed. If a single cable housing conductors conveying both video and keyboard signals is attempted, as would be the ideal approach, signal interaction becomes intolerable due to induced crosstalk between keyboard and video signal conductors. Although it is believed others have attempted to solve these problems, which have been present for years, applicants are unaware of any successful single-ended driven TTL cable system has been accomplished other than by applicants.
Applicants have devised trouble-free, single ended, TTL driven computer/monitor extension systems which have been proven to extend digital color and monochrome video and keyboard communications between a computer and keyboard and monitor up to 150 feet. These systems are subject of U.S. Pat. No. 4,885,718, issued Dec. 5, 1989, to applicants, which is a parent case of co-pending application Set. Nos. 07/447,010, filed Dec. 5, 1989, and 07/488,710, filed Mar. 10, 1990. Of these, it is believed that application Ser. No. 07/447,010 is the closest to one embodiment of the present invention. However, in all of these systems of the prior art, even with special shielding techniques, when it was attempted to extend digital color video and keyboard communications past approximately 175 feet, signal interaction again became intolerable.
Application Ser. No. 07/447,010 utilizes TTL Schmitt-triggered amplifiers in a first signal conditioning circuit to amplify video signals from a computer and provides these amplified signals via a series resistor to an extension cable. At the other end of the cable, Schmitt-triggered TTL amplifiers amplify the degraded video signals prior to inputting them to a monitor. Significantly, this circuit is limited to reliable extended TTL transmissions of color video signals up to approximately 150 feet because of signal degradation. Applicants extend this range to a maximum of approximately 300 feet by using monochrome monitors.
In application Ser. No. 07/488,710, analog video communications are extended to approximately 300 feet by utilizing a discrete current amplifier near the computer for the R, G, and B analog video signals to modulate signal current flow through the 300-foot cable. A second current amplifier proximate the monitor boosts the signal prior to inputting them to the monitor. Significantly, the horizontal sync pulse, in an analog situation, was prone to cause the interfering crosstalk. Accordingly, to reduce this crosstalk, the HS signal was converted to a limited-amplitude signal which is further attenuated by the 300-foot cable in order to reduce noise.
Accordingly, it is the object of the present invention to provide TTL driven, sing/e-ended extension communications systems among a computer, monitor, and keyboard which allow extensions of up to 250 feet, 400 feet, and 1,000 feet for the embodiments described herein.
In accordance with this invention, video signals, primary R, G, and B, and secondary r, g, and b are provided by a computer to a first signal conditioning circuit which, in two embodiments of this invention, shapes the primary and secondary signals to compensate for distortion induced by conductors of the cable. Additionally, these signals are reduced in amplitude to reduce signal interaction. These reduced signals are applied to conductors of an extension cable and received at a second signal conditioning circuit where they are restored to TTL levels by TTL reconstruction circuits. Thereafter, the signals are provided to a monitor.
FIG. 1 generally illustrates a partially schematic, partially block diagram common to the embodiments described herein.
FIG. 2 illustrates a particular manner by which various signals are applied to discrete conductors of the extension cable to effect shielding between video signals and clock signals.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention capable of extensions of up to 250 feet.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention capable of extensions of up to 400 feet.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of yet another embodiment of the present invention and which is capable of extensions up to 1,000 feet.
FIG. 6 illustrates waveforms of the present invention showing the manner by which video signals are conditioned and reconstructed by the signal conditioning circuits thereof.
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation showing particulars of construction of one embodiment of the present invention.
Discussion of the present invention will begin with FIG. 1, a block diagram common to all the contemplated embodiments disclosed herein, and initially describing circuit connections. A shielded cable 10 for conveying keyboard signals is connected from keyboard input connector terminals 12 of computer 14 to solder connections, or pads, 16 coupled to a signal conditioning circuitry 18 housed in an enclosure 20. Alternately, signal conditioning circuitry 18 may be incorporated in the circuitry of computer 14 or be on a separate circuit board mounted In the same enclosure with computer 14. As functionally labeled, keyboard connections to signal conditioning circuitry 18 are clock (CK), data (DTA), power (PWR), including +5 V., and logic ground (LGC GND). In general, the keyboard power and logic ground potentials are used to absorb high frequency noise, as will be described, and further provide power and logic ground potentials (not shown) to the logic elements of the circuitry of the present invention. Additionally, in instances where the keyboard power is current limited, external power is provided to the signal conditioning circuitry via a single pole switch 19 coupled as shown to an external power source. While +5 V. used and illustrated herein, some computer systems use other keyboard potentials, such as +12 V. (not shown). In this instance, values of components of the present invention would be selected accordingly.
The clock signal Is of a pulse rate generally in the range of between 1 kHz and 100 kHz, and the data signal possesses a frequency less than or equal to the pulse rate. Also, the keyboard signals, in some computer systems, are hi-directional signals, as with systems wherein certain keyboard functions are controlled by software and with systems wherein data is loaded into a keyboard memory upon initialization. However, in all instances, the keyboard provides data input to computer 14.
As described for the keyboard connections, pads 16 provide video connections from a shielded cable 22 coupled to computer 14 via video output terminals 24 of computer 14 to signal conditioning circuitry 18. These video signals include vertical sync signals (VS), horizontal sync signals (HS), and primary and secondary color video signal which include primary Red, Green, and Blue, designated by upper case R, G, and B, and secondary red, green, and blue, designated by lower case r, g and b, and chassis ground, conventionally shown. These color video signals are present in at least two commonly used color monitor systems, the color graphics adapter (CGA) and enhanced graphics adapter (EGA) systems. In the CGA system, the primary R, G, and B signal lines carry color video information, with the secondary g line carrying an intensity signal. Typically in this system, the primary R, G, and B lines carry varying, independently discrete color signals, while the intensity signal on the g line fluctuates between high and low states and acts upon color guns switched on to vary their intensity simultaneously, making possible 16 different colors.
In the EGA system, on the other hand, and in addition to the primary R, G, and B signals, secondary r and b signals are provided in addition to the g signal, all of which may be varied independently from one another and additionally may be turned on independent from the primary R, G, and B signals, making possible 64 different colors.
Video and sync signal outputs VS and HS, primary R, G, and B, and secondary r, g, and b from computer 14 (FIG. 1) are also conditioned in signal conditioning circuit 18, as will be described, and output from enclosure 20 via plug terminals 26 coupled to receptacle terminals 30, in turn connected to discrete conductors 28 of an extended-in-length cable 31. Plug terminals 26 and receptacle terminals 30 are mounted in a plug terminal assembly 32 and a receptacle assembly 34, with plug assembly 32 supported by enclosure 20, and receptacle assembly 34 supported by one end of cable 31. Likewise, keyboard signals CK and DTA, which, as stated, may be hi-directional signals between the keyboard and computer 14, are coupled by plug terminals 26 in plug assembly 32 to receptacle terminals 30 in receptacle assembly 34. Logic ground, generally a filtered ground potential, is also coupled through this receptacle. Chassis ground conventionally links components of the system together at a chassis ground potential.
Cable 31 is a conventional cable having a plurality of conductors 28 which convey the described signals up to 250 feet in one embodiment, 400 feet in another embodiment, and up to 1,000 feet in yet a third embodiment from computer 14 to a keyboard and display unit (KDU). Conductors 28 are each insulated with an insulative cover such as foamed polyethylene or an equivalent, possess a conductor-to-conductor capacitance of between 12-16 pf/foot, and maintain their relative positions in the bundle of conductors over the length of cable 31. Braided and foil shields 36 (FIG. 2) protect conductors 28 from outside electromagnetic interference and further prevent digital interference from radiating from cable 31, and a protective cover 37 protects the bundle of conductors. This type cable is lees expensive, more compact, and more convenient to use than twisted pair or coaxial cable used by others in attempting to invent a viable KDU extension system and is available from the Belden Corporation located in Richmond, Ind.
At an opposite end of cable 31, the described signals are coupled from conductors 28 via functionally labeled plug terminals 38 mounted in a plug assembly 40 supported by cable to receptacle terminals 42 mounted in a receptacle assembly 44 supported by a second enclosure 46. Enclosure 46 houses a second signal conditioning circuitry 48, which is connected to the described signals by receptacle terminals 42. After being conditioned by signal conditioning circuitry 48, the video signals are output to a monitor 50 via plug terminals 52 in plug assembly 54 supported by cable 60 and coupled to receptacle terminals 56 mounted in a receptacle assembly 58 supported by a monitor cable 60. Generally, monitor cable 60 is directly connected to the circuitry of monitor 50. Likewise, keyboard is coupled to signal conditioning circuitry 48 via receptacle terminals 64 in a receptacle assembly 66 supported by a keyboard cable 67, with receptacle terminals 64 coupled to plug terminals 68 connected to signal conditioning circuitry 48 and mounted in a plug assembly 70 supported by enclosure 46. As with signal conditioning circuitry 18, signal conditioning circuitry 48 may be housed in either monitor 50 or keyboard 62, incorporated in the circuitry thereof, or be placed on a separate circuit board and mounted in a KDU unit, monitor 50, or keyboard 62. Of course, the plug assemblies and receptacle assemblies may be mounted either on the ends of the extension cable or on the enclosures, depending on design requirements.
In general, and referring to FIG. 1, the video signals and VS, primary R, G, and B, and secondary r, g, and b (with only the primary R and secondary r signal paths being shown, they being identical to the primary G and B and secondary g and b signal paths in the block diagram of FIG. 1) are first amplified by TTL buffer amplifiers 72. It is emphasized that buffer amplifiers 72 are not necessary in many computer systems compatible with applicants' system, and wherein a like amplifier which outputs TTL level signals is incorporated in the video driver card of the computer; however, if a particular type of computer uses a different output driver in the video card thereof, this driver may not be able to drive signal conditioning circuits of this invention. Hence, applicants utilize buffer amplifiers 72 as a matter of convenience in order to assure compatibility of their system with virtually all makes and models of computers in use today. Buffer amplifiers 72 accept varying quality signals from these various types of computers and serve to make these signals compatible with applicants' TTL transmission scheme and further clean up the signals and convert them to TTL voltage levels if they are not initially at TTL levels. Further, the signals are coupled to amplifiers 72 in a single-ended configuration, meaning that only one output wire or conductor is needed to transmit the red video signal from amplifiers 72. After being converted to TTL levels, the video signals primary R, G, and B and secondary r, g, and b are passed to a precompensating circuit 74, which varies for the three embodiments to be described hereinafter but which generally function to reduce the voltage swing of the TTL output of buffer amplifiers 72 from 0.4 V. to 3.5 V. to a significantly smaller voltage ewing ranging between 0.5 V. to 1.7 V., depending on the embodiment. Further, precompensating circuits 74, in two embodiments, bias or adjust the center voltage of the reduced-amplitude signal to a selected potential, for reasons to be explained. Significantly, precompensating circuits 74 reduce signal current flow in conductors of cable 31 by applying a smaller signal with corresponding less energy thereto, causing radiated video noise which tends to be induced onto the keyboard clock line, which video noise being responsible for keyboard errors by causing false clock pulses, to be kept to a minimum. This method is contrasted with the methods of prior art which generally utilize differentially driven twisted pairs per discrete signal or a separate coaxially shielded cable per signal and which are concerned with applying a stronger, larger voltage signal to a conductor as the length of the conductor increases. Conversely, in applicants' system, the longer the cable, the smaller the signal voltage applied thereto by precompensating circuits 74. This smaller signal radiates far less noise than a conventional TTL signal applied to a single conductor.
No precompensation is necessary with respect to the HS and VS video signals because they are much slower signals, being in the kHz range or slower, as opposed to the primary and secondary color signals, which can be as high as 30 mHz in a worst case situation.
Next, the video signals are passed to a roll-off filter circuit 76 which reduces radiated EMI pursuant to electromagnetic noise regulations set forth by the Federal Communications Commission and which is common to all embodiments described herein, which circuit is a conventionally configured RC network consisting of a capacitor 78 and a resistor 80 in the range of 20 ohms for the primary and secondary signals. However, applicants increase the value of capacitors 78 from the standard value of 47 pF, typical for such noise filters used by others, by approximately tenfold, to 470 pF. This increases attenuation of the high frequency components of the video signals, or the particularly fast TTL rise and fall times, which are significantly higher than the dot-clock frequency, or pixel rate, of the monitor, this dot-clock frequency being from 10-30 mHz, depending on the monitor. This attenuation of the high frequency components reduces radiated video noise to adjacent conductors of cable 31. It is noted that precompensating circuit 74 and roll-off filter 76 cooperate to distort the video signals opposite or opposed to the distortion caused by cable 31 such that the distortions tend to cancel each other, resulting in relatively intact video signals being received by signal conditioning circuitry 48 and an almost flat frequency response over the length of cable 31, heretofore unachieved by others. Of course, amplitude of the received signals is further reduced or attenuated by the aforementioned line capacitance of cable 31, this attenuation being additive with attenuation from precompensating circuits 74 and roll-off filters 76. After passing roll-off filters 76, the video signals are applied to discrete conductors 28 of cable 31.
At an opposite end of cable 31, video signals VS and HS, primary R, G, and B, and secondary r, g, and b are terminated by a termination circuit 82, the configuration of which varies between embodiments disclosed herein and, with exception of the vertical sync pulse signal (VS), are thereafter passed to reconstruction circuits 84. As stated, the VS signal is so slow (approximately 60 Hz) that only minimal conditioning is necessary. In this case, the VS signal is applied to a buffer amplifier 85, which generally cleans up the signal and ensures that it is at a TTL level. In two of the embodiments of these circuits, a deadband, or hysteresis range 86 (FIG. 6) is provided, having upper and lower thresholds 88 and 90, respectively. The third embodiment utilizes a single, center threshold 91, as will be described. Significant to operation of applicants' circuitry, the video signals attenuated and biased as described by signal conditioning circuitry 18 possess a center voltage close to the center of hysteresis band 86 of reconstruction circuits 84 and have amplitudes in positive and negative directions just sufficient to cross either of thresholds 88 and 90 and generate TTL outputs from circuits 84.
Deadband or hysteresis region 86 may range from 400-700 mV., depending on the type device used, and has an upper voltage threshold 88 such that an input signal crossing threshold 88 in a positive-going direction causes a switch in the output to a high logic state, or about 3.5 V., while an input signal crossing the lower threshold 90 in a negative-going direction causes a switch in the output to a low logic state, or about 0.5 V. or less. After the input signal crosses either of thresholds 88 or 90 in the requisite direction, triggering the switch responsive thereto to the respective logic state, the output is set at that logic state until the signal crosses the opposite threshold. Thus, all that is necessary to trigger reconstruction circuits 84 is for the input signal to cross one of thresholds 88 or 90 for a very brief instant, after which the input signal may fall or rise into hysteresis region 86, crossing the same threshold in an opposite direction without affecting the output. These circuits provide a reconstructed or reshaped TTL video signal having an amplitude of from 0.5 V. to 3.5 V. which is suitable for inputting to monitor 50. As monitor 50 is generally, but not necessarily, a TTL or digital monitor, each instance of the video signal crossing a threshold and triggering an output responsive thereto from one of amplifiers 84 represents one or more pixels in the display of monitor 50 being turned on or off.
After being amplified as described, the video signals are passed to a roll-off filter 92 identical to filter 76 of conditioning circuit 18 and used for the same purpose, i.e., attenuation of the high frequency components to effect a reduction of noise radiation from monitor cable 60. It is to be noted here that this filter network may be replaced by a choke or a ferrite bead, or equivalent thereof, placed in or around the signal line.
Keyboard signals, in all embodiments described herein, and which generally originate in keyboard 62 but, as stated, may be bi-directional in some instances, are minimally conditioned in signal conditioning circuitry 48. However, it has been found that pull-up resistors 91 and 94, coupled as shown between data lane 114, clock line 112, and power line 110, are, in most instances, necessary to overcome capacitance and inductance of the conductors of cable 31. Values of these resistors, in general, are from approximately 250-4,000 ohms, with shorter cable lengths requiring a higher value of resistance for resistors 91 and 94, alternately, resistors 91 and 94 may be placed in signal conditioning circuitry 18, as shown by resistors 91a and 94a. Also, a pair: of capacitors 102 and 104, capacitor 102 being relatively large, approximately 22 mFd, and capacitor 104 being relatively small, approximately 0.1 mFd, are coupled between power lead 110 and logic ground lead 106 and serve to filter low and high frequency noise from the +5 V. supply.
In signal conditioning circuitry 18, where keyboard signals are received from conductors of the cable, the significant technique is that of utilizing a filter 108 which functions generally to shunt any high frequency noise of a significantly higher frequency than the clock pulse, this noise being approximately 350 kHz and up, and generally originating from adjacent video conductors of extended length cable 31 and appearing on clock line 112. Any other high frequency noise in the range of from approximately 350 kHz and up is also prevented from reaching computer 14 by filter 108. In some instances, a high frequency series impedance in clock line 112 is also used. It is to be noted that the +5 V. supply was chosen to receive this noise because, in general, the +5 V. line is a more stable potential than ground potential, with the external power supply or keyboard power lead that provides the +5 V. being able to absorb the high frequency noise more readily than the filters to ground. However, with proper filtering of either logic ground or chassis ground, the noise signal on clock line 112 could be shunted to one of these ground potentials instead of +5 V. Additionally, in systems using different keyboard potentials, such as 12 V., or in systems utilizing asynchronous keyboard communications, the noise may be shunted to these different potentials or a stable ground potential. The important factor here is that applicants shunt the high frequency noise signals to a stabilized potential or voltage level such as the aforementioned +5 V. supply or an adequately filtered ground potential. In addition to filter 108, a pair of capacitors 116 and 118, having values of 22 mFd and 0.1 mFd, respectively, are coupled between +5 V. and ground and, as stated, serve to filter low and high frequency notes from +5 V. line 110. Further, a capacitor 109 is coupled between +5 V. line 110 and data line 114 and also functions to shunt noise of a significantly higher frequency than the data signal to +5 V. line 110.
Yet another technique for reducing video noise on clock line 114, and which involves a specific manner or pattern by which various signals are applied to discrete conductors of the extended cable 31, is Illustrated in FIG. 2. Applicants have discovered that by applying keyboard clock and data signals to adjacent conductors 28 CK and 28 DTA (C & D) and then applying keyboard +5 V. power and ground potentials as shown to interposing, shaded conductors 28p and 28g, the interposed conductors 28p and 28g effects shielding between keyboard clock and data conductors 28 CK and 28 DTA from radiation emanating from color video signals applied to conductors 28v. This technique does not block all Interference, but it is estimated that substantially more than half of the video interference is blocked.
Turning now to specific details of construction of the embodiments of the present invention, and with construction details such as cable plug and receptacle connections shown in the block diagram of FIG. 1 not shown in this or following embodiments, their presence being understood, and with like electrical components bearing like designations in the following drawings and descriptions, the first embodiment examined is a computer/KDU extension system capable of TTL transmissions up to 250 feet.
Referring to FIG. 3, and examining the keyboard signal flow first, it is seen that filter 108 in signal conditioning circuit 18 of the block diagram of FIG. 1 is simply a capacitor 200 coupled between clock line 112 and +5 V. Capacitor 200 functions to shunt the high frequency noise which is of significantly higher frequency (350 kHz and up) than the clock pulse to +5 V. line 110. All other components for the keyboard circuit in signal conditioning circuits 107 and 214 are as shown and described for the block diagram of FIG. 1.
Examining the video signal flow of FIG. 3, it is seen that the VS and MS signals and the primary and secondary video signals are input to TTL amplifiers 72 in signal conditioning circuit 107, as shown and described for FIG. 1. As shown, a series resistor 120 having a value of approximately 100 ohms is provided on inputs to amplifiers 72 for the secondary signals r, g, and b, which resistors limit degradation of the secondary signals by shifting their phase slightly from the primary signals, reducing power supply requirements. After being amplified, the primary and secondary signals are output to the preconditioning circuit, which, in this embodiment, comprises a resistor 206 of approximately 680 ohms coupled to +5 V. and a resistor 208 of approximately 360 ohms coupled to ground. These resistors provide line damping and impedance matching to match signal impedance to conductors 210 of cable 212. These precompensating networks are not used on the VS and HS signal lines for reasons previously described. Next, all video signals are passed to the RC networks 76, also used for reasons described, after which the video signals are applied to discrete conductors 210 of cable up to 250 feet in length.
In signal conditioning network 214, the video signals and HS and VS signals are received from conductors 210 and applied to termination network. This termination network, for VS signals, consists of a single series resistor 218 of about 1K ohms, which limits current flow to the following TTL amplifier 85. For the HS signal, a pull-up resistor 220 of about 1K ohms and a pull-down resistor 222 of about 1K ohms are positioned as shown on either side of an approximately 510 ohm series resistor 224. Pull-up resistor 220 provides some current flow to the HS signal line and increases rise time of the signals which have become degraded by the conductor of cable 212. Pull-down resistor 222 o performs a similar function by increasing downward swing of the signals and provides a slight current drain to reduce noise. Series resistor 224 and pull-down parallel resistor 222 also reduce amplitude of the signals applied to amplifier 85.
The primary video signals R, G, and B and secondary signals r, g, and b are each terminated by damping resistors 226 coupled between the respective signal line and ground, with the values of resistors 226 being approximately 200 ohms for the primary signals and about 360 ohms for the secondary signals. These resistors provide a slight current drain, which reduces signal noise, the higher value of resistors used for the secondary signals because generally they are weaker signals.
Next, the HS and VS, primary, and secondary signals are applied to inputs of amplifiers 85, which are TTL, Schmitt-triggered amplifiers having the hysteresis band 86 as described for FIG. 1, and further having voltage levels 87 and 89 at 2 V. and 1 V., respectively (FIG. 6), at which a signal crossing these levels is guaranteed to trigger the amplifier in accordance with TTL conventions. In effect then, the video signals arriving at amplifiers 85, having been degraded by the conductors 210 of cable 212 at the rate of about 12 pF/foot, or about 3,000 pF for the length of 250 foot cable 212, and further having been attenuated and biased as necessary by the preconditioning networks and roll-off filters 76, has a total amplitude of about 1.5 volts and is biased in the center of, or between, points 87 and 89. This means the video signal has a total amplitude of about 0.25 V. greater than the voltage width of the region between points 87 and 89, about 1.5 V. greater than the width of hysteresis region 86. However, the video signals are generally restored to their original voltage swing of approximately 3.0 V. and provided with the characteristic TTL rise and fall times at outputs of amplifiers 85, this occurring as the degraded and attenuated video signals cross thresholds 88 and 90 from the center 91 of hysteresis region 86, triggering amplifiers 85 to generate a TTL level, reconstructed video signal. After being reconstructed, the video signals are applied to an RC network 92 as described for FIG. 1 to prevent radiating noise from the conductors of monitor cable 60.
In the next embodiment of this invention, which will now be described, modifications are made to the circuit of FIG. 1 to allow transmission of TTL signals up to 400 feet from the computer. In this embodiment, and initially examining the keyboard circuit (FIG. 4), it is seen that in addition to capacitor 200 of FIG. 3, which functions to shunt high frequency noise on the clock line to +5 V. line 110, a series inductor 300 is added to clock line 112. Inductor 300 may be a choke-type inductor of between 20-100 microhenries, or it may be an equivalently sized ferrite bead. Inductor 300 functions as a low-pass filter, while capacitor 200 functions as a high-pass shunt. These components prevent superimposed video noise on clock line 112 from reaching computer 14, this video noise being in the above stated range, while passing the 10 kHz clock signal. The indicated values of inductor 300 and capacitor 200 are selected such that they present, to the lowest anticipated frequency of video noise, an attenuation factor of at least 80 percent. For example, a 3 mHz noise signal on clock line 112, which noise signal generally originates in cable 302, presented with a low impedance via capacitor 200, approximately 20 ohms, to +5 V. line 110, and an impedance of approximately 735 ohms to computer 14 via inductor 300, causing most of the 3 mHz signal to be shunted to +5 V. line 110. Likewise, a noise signal of approximately 10 mHz appearing on clock line 112 is presented with approximately 6 ohms impedance to +5 V. via capacitor 200 and approximately 2.5K ohms to computer 14 through inductor 300, again shorting the noise to +5 V. line 110. In contrast, the clock pulse and first few harmonics thereof, being of approximately 10 kHz, a much slower signal, is presented with approximately 6K ohms to +5 V. via capacitor 200 and 8 ohms to computer 14 via inductor 300. Additionally, pull-up resistors 91a and 94a in signal conditioning circuitry 304 may be included as necessary to accommodate a variety of manufacture and types of computers.
Next, conditioning of video signals in signal conditioning network 304 will be examined. Looking first at sync signals HS and VS, it is seen in FIG. 4 that treatment of the VS and HS signals is unchanged from the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and is functionally the same as described above.
Treatment of the primary R, G, and B signals, designated by upper case letters R, G, and B, with only the R signal path being shown, it being identical to the G and B signal paths, will be undertaken next. These three signals control red, green, and blue color guns of the monitor and are treated in like manner en route from the computer to the monitor and keyboard. Examining the primary red signal route R, and referring to the waveforms of FIG. 6, it is seen that it is simply input to signal conditioning circuitry 304 to TTL buffer amplifiers 72 for reasons described. The output of buffer amplifiers 72, a square wave, digital video signal designated "a" (FIG. 6), and being of a width sufficient to trigger "on" or "off" a single pixel, or picture element, of the display of monitor 50, has an amplitude of from 0.4 V. for a pixel "off" condition to 3.5 V. for a pixel "on" condition and is applied to RC networks 308 consisting of series resistors 310 and capacitors 312 connected in parallel across resistors 310. A typical range of values of resistors 310 is from 100 to 350 ohms, with 220 ohms being preferred, while a typical range of values of capacitors 312 is from 0 to 2500 pF, with 1000 pF being preferred for the primary R and B signals and 470 pF for the secondaries. The values of resistors 310 and capacitors 312 are selected to generally reduce the amplitude of the video signal output from buffer amplifier 72 from a swing of 0.4 V. to 3.5 V. to a 1.5 V. peak-to-peak signal centered at about 1.5 V. and increase amplitude of the rising and falling edges of the signals, as shown for waveform "b". The increased amplitude of the rising and falling edges 314 and 316 is shown in. FIG. 6 as upwardly and downwardly extending voltage spikes 318 and 320, respectively. These spikes are provided by capacitors 312 as functions of the RC rise and fall times of RC networks 308 and act as precompensation to counteract distortion caused by conductors 320 of cable 302. Alternately, RC networks 308 may be replaced by voltage dividers (not shown). Next, the precompensated video signals are passed across biasing networks 322 consisting of resistors 324 of approximately 680 ohms coupled between the signal line and +5 V. and resistors 326 of approximately 360 ohms coupled between the signal line and ground. Resistors 324 and 326 apply a bias voltage of approximately 1.5 volts to the video signals. Additionally, inductors (shown in FIG. 5) may be included in some instances between resistors 324 and 326 and the power lead and ground lead, respectively. These inductors would serve as high frequency dampers for the signal, while passing low frequency components of the signal to +5 V. This damping is, in effect, inversely proportional to frequency, while the inductive damping inherent in the long conductor of cable 302 is proportional to frequency. The values of resistors 324 and 326 and the inductors are selected such that these opposite damping effects between cable 302 and networks 308 tend to cancel each other out, achieving an almost flat frequency response over the up to 400 feet length of cable 302. Additionally, the inductors tend to provide controlled overshoot of rising and falling edges of the signals. RC networks 308 and biasing networks 322 cooperate to provide video signals in the center region 309 of deadband 86 (FIG. 6) of amplifiers 85 in signal conditioning network 322. This results in less signal voltage being required to trigger amplifiers 85 to an "on" or "off" state as described and less signal line voltage applied to video conductors 320 of cable 302, which voltage radiates interfering crosstalk to keyboard and data conductors, CK and DTA, as will be further explained. After being attenuated as described in FIG. 1 by RC networks 76, the primary Red signal (R), as shown by waveform "c" (FIG. 6), being centered about center voltage point 91 and having frequency attenuated rising and falling edges 311 and 313 to reduce noise radiated from cable 302, with the rising and falling edges 314 and 316 provided with slightly higher potentials or spikes 318 and 320 by capacitors 312 to counteract distortion as described, is coupled to a single conductor 320 of cable 302, which may be up to 400 feet in length. This R signal is further amplitude and frequency attenuated by the conductor (waveform "d") but remains substantially a square wave and is received at an opposite end of cable 302 by signal conditioning circuitry 332. Here, the primary Red signal first passes across a termination resistor 303 of approximately 200 ohms, which is connected in parallel with the signal line and ground. This resistor serves to limit overshoot of the signal and provides some current drain from resistor 324 of biasing network 322 to reduce any crosstalk that occurs over the up to 400-foot span of conductor 320. At this point, the discrete digital signals are biased to have a center voltage approximately 1.5 V. above ground potential and have a voltage swing of approximately 1.2 V. This signal, applied to Schmitt-triggered buffer amplifiers 85 which, as described, have a 400-700 mV. deadband 86 (FIG. 6), triggers amplifiers 85 "on" and "off" as indicated by waveform e, the triggering occurring at points "t". Thus, as the transmitted signals on conductors 320 of cable 302 need only swing by slightly less than 0.5 V. peak-to-peak in order to trigger amplifiers 85, radiated noise and the attendant crosstalk generated thereby are reduced. In this manner, amplifiers 85 receive degraded signals which are attenuated by line capacitance and inductance of conductors 320 and reconstruct the signals in network 322 based on the rising and falling edges of waveform "d" crossing upper and lower thresholds 88 and 90 of deadband 86, providing the reconstructed signal. The phase shift "f" may be ignored, as this same phase shift occurs with all the video signals, and is not visible on monitor 50.
To reduce EMI radiation of the signal reconstructed by TTL amplifiers 85, applicants degrade the high frequency rising and falling edges of the signals which are in excess of the dot-clock frequency of monitor 50 by inputting the signals to frequency attenuation networks 92. These networks again reduce the EMI radiation by clipping the high frequency components of the signal as described. Any phase shift caused by attenuation networks 92 (FIG. 1) is cumulative with the same phase shift "f" from attenuation networks 76 of FIG. 1. However, as stated, phase shift errors induced thereby on discrete pixels may be ignored because they cannot be detected when displayed on a monitor.
Treatment of the secondary r, g, and b video signals will be undertaken next. Inasmuch as they are treated the same with respect to each other, slight differences exist between treatment in general between primary and secondary color video signals. Examining first the secondary red (r) video signal, it being representative of the green and blue secondary signal routes, it is input to signal conditioning network 308 (FIG. 4) from computer 14. Thereafter, the secondary red signal is passed through a 100-ohm resistor 120 which, as described for FIG. 1, slightly delays the signal to the following amplifier 72 in order to offset switching of the secondary buffers 72 from the switching of the primary buffers 72, reducing power requirements. Next, the secondary red signal Is input to TTL buffer amplifiers 72 coupled in single-ended configuration for reasons described, prior to passing it to RC networks 308 and 322. Networks 308 and 322 are like networks described for the primary Red signal and used for the same purpose, i.e., to generally reduce the voltage swing of the signal, provide more energy to rising and falling edges for precompensation, and bias the center voltage of the signal to the center of the deadband range of the Schmitt-triggered amplifiers in signal conditioning circuitry 332. Next, the r signal is passed to signal attenuation networks 76, which are identical to those of the primary R, G, and B signals and used for signal attenuation as described to reduce noise. The signal then passes to the up to 400-foot conductor 320 in cable 302. At the KDU end of cable 302, the secondary red signal is terminated by a 360-ohm termination resistor 304 which, as for the same resistors of the primary signal circuits, provides a slight current drain to reduce induced crosstalk superimposed on the signal. The signal is then input to the Schmitt-triggered buffer amplifier 85 which, for example, may be a 74LS244 integrated circuit, which reconstructs and amplifies the signal as described for the primary red signal. After being amplified and reconstructed, the secondary red signal Is passed through RC network 92. Network 92 is used for the same purpose as described for the primary red signal, i.e., EMI reduction and clipping of the high frequency component of the secondary r, g, and b signals. It should be noted, however, that selection of 470 pF capacitance for capacitors 95 is not as critical as is the selection of this capacitance of the same capacitor of the networks used in signal conditioning circuitry 304 due to the generally shorter cable length of cable 60 from monitor 50 connecting the monitor to signal conditioning network 332. As stated, these capacitors may have values that range from 47 to 560 pF.
Signal conditioning for the last embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, will be discussed next. In this embodiment, separation between computer 14 and monitor 50 and keyboard 62 may be extended up to 1,000 feet, with capacitance of a 1,000-foot cable 400 being on the order of 12,000 pFd. As shown in FIG. 5, keyboard circuitry remains as shown and described for the embodiment of FIG. 4, with pull-up resistors 91 and 94 and and 94a being distributed in either conditioning circuitry 402 or 420 as needed. Additionally, conditioning for sync signals HS and VS is also the same as shown and described for the circuitry of FIG. 4.
Conditioning for primary and secondary video signals is similar to that shown in FIG. 4. However, significant differences exist. As in the other embodiments, the primary and secondary video signals are input signal conditioning network 402 to discrete TTL buffer amplifiers 72, with a series resistor 120 in input lines for the secondary signals. The primary and secondary signals are output at TTL signal levels as shown in FIG. 6, waveform "a", from amplifiers 72 to preconditioning networks consisting of RC networks 308 and biasing networks 406. RC networks 308 are constructed and function as described for FIG. 4 to generally reduce the amplitude of the video signals to about 1 V. peak-to-peak and apply more energy to the rising and falling edges 314 and 316 (FIG. 6) as earlier described. Alternately, RC circuit 308 may be replaced by a voltage divider network (not shown). Next, the reduced-in-amplitude signals are applied to LR biasing networks 406, which consist of a resistor 412 in series with an inductor 414, with the resistor coupled to the signal line and the inductor coupled to ground. Another similar LR pair consisting of resistor 416 and inductor 418 is coupled between the signal line and +5 V. Resistor 416 is of a value of about 680 ohms, and resistor 412 is of a value of about 360 ohms. Inductors 414 and 418 are of about 10 microhenries each and alternately may be ferrite beads. Inductors 416 and 418 serve to block the high frequency signals and limit overshoot of the signals as earlier described for the embodiment shown in FIG. 4. Still further, LR networks 406, by virtue of the values selected for resistors 412 and 416, bias the video signal about 1.5 V., for reasons earlier described.
After being preconditioned and biased as described, the video signals are passed to RC networks 76 which limit EMI radiation by frequency attenuating high frequency components of the signal, as shown in waveform "c" (FIG.6). Alternately, these networks may be replaced by ferrite beads (not shown), which act to choke the high frequency components of the signal. After being attenuated, the video signals are applied to discrete conductors 401 of cable 400 up to 1,000 feet in length where, at the opposite end thereof, the signals are received by signal conditioning network 420. Here, treatment of keyboard signals and VS and HS signals is as described for the embodiment of FIG. 4, while a different treatment is required for the video signals. This different treatment is necessary because of the longer cable length and resultant greater capacitance and inductance thereof, which amplitude attenuates the video signals to below a 1 V. peak-to-peak amplitude, which in turn will not reliably trigger the Schmitt-triggered amplifiers. It is noted that of the three embodiments described herein, the cable system extending to 1,000 feet causes the least current flow to occur in cable 400 by applying about 1.5 V. of D.C. bias to the cable and about 1 V. peak-to-peak of high frequency video and allowing the conductor to attenuate the video signal to have a signal amplitude of about 0.5 V. when it reaches signal conditioning network 420. Here, applicants utilize a discrete comparator/amplifier circuit 422, which serves as a center point crossing detector and which is coupled to each of the primary and secondary video signals (only one shown for each type signal) from cable 400 in conjunction with a reference voltage source 424 for the primary signals and a second reference voltage source 425 for the secondary signals. Voltage sources 424 and 425 are offset by approximately 100-200 mV., affecting a slight delay in switching between the primary and secondary signals, which reduces power supply requirements. As shown in FIG. 7, comparator circuit 422 is simply a pair of emitter coupled PNP transistors 428 and 430, with a common resistor 432 coupled to +5 V. and the emitter of transistors 428 and 430, which provides bias voltage and limits current. The collectors of transistors 428 and 430 are coupled to ground, with a resistor 434 in series with collector 436 of transistor 430, resistor 434 allowing voltage to build up to a TTL level when transistor 430 is saturated. This TTL level output, about 3.2 V., is taken from collector 436 and applied to a TTL buffer amplifier 438, which in turn passes the signal to an RC network 92, for reasons heretofore described. While a particular circuit for comparators 422 is disclosed, it is noted that other types of comparators, such as conventional operational amplifiers, Darlington paired transistors, resistor bridges, or emitter coupled transistors with a constant current supply, may be utilized. Likewise, a circuit 423 for reference voltage sources 424 and 425 is disclosed in FIG. 7. Here, a series resistor 440 coupled to +5 V. is connected to one side of a potentiometer 442, and another series resistor 444 on the other side of potentiometer 442 is coupled to ground. An adjustable voltage taken from wiper 443 of potentiometer 442, smoothed by a capacitor 446 and applied to the base 431 of transistor 448. Collector 450 of transistor 448 is coupled to +5 V. via current limiting resistor 452. A stable, adjustable voltage of about 2.5 V., which serves to set the threshold at which comparators 422 will switch from a high to low state, or vice versa, is taken from emitter 454 and applied to the input of comparator 422. Alternately, reference voltage sources 424 and 425 may be linear voltage regulators, zener diodes appropriately filtered, or voltage dividers appropriately filtered, or equivalents thereof.
Operation of comparators 422, it being remembered that there is a discrete comparator for each of the primary R, G, and B and secondary r, g, and b video signals and reference sources 424 and 425, these reference sources providing reference voltages for the primary and secondary comparators 422 as described, is to provide a threshold level 91 (FIG. 6) at the reference voltage level such that when the video signal received by conductors 401 applied inputs of comparators 422 rises above the threshold, or center point 91, a "high" is applied to amplifiers 438. When the video signals fall below threshold 91, a "low" is provided to buffers 438. This occurs as the video signal rises above threshold switches transistors 428 "off," and saturates transistors 430, shorting current from resistor 432 to ground and allowing voltage to build up to a TTL "high" level at emitter 438. This applies a "high" to the input to buffer 438. A "low" applied to the base of transistor 428 turns it "on," allowing the current from resistor 432 to flow through transistor 428 to ground, shutting off transistor 430. Thus, the video signals from cable 401 must only have an amplitude sufficient to reliably cross a single threshold 91 in order to provide reconstructed TTL signals to monitor 50.
From the foregoing, it is apparent that applicants have provided circuitry in three embodiments for transmitting TTL signals from a computer to a keyboard and monitor located up to 250, 400, or 1,000 feet distant therefrom, the circuitry being inexpensive and easy to manufacture while providing reliability of operation.
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|U.S. Classification
|375/296, 375/257
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 30, 1994
Owner name: CYBEX CORPORATION, ALABAMA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ASPREY, ROBERT R.;SHATAS, REMIGIUS G.;REEL/FRAME:007046/0263
Effective date: 19940510
|Aug 12, 1998
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Sep 28, 1998
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Sep 28, 1998
|Surcharge for late payment
|Mar 28, 2002
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Apr 23, 2002
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Aug 15, 2002
Owner name: CYBEX COMPUTER PRODUCTS CORPORATION, ALABAMA
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:CYBEX CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:013193/0966
Effective date: 19950711
|Apr 30, 2003
Owner name: AVOCENT HUNTSVILLE CORPORATION, ALABAMA
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:CYBEX COMPUTER PRODUCTS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:014007/0899
Effective date: 20021210
|Apr 19, 2006
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Oct 4, 2006
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Nov 28, 2006
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20061004


text:
Our evolutionary cousin is no longer a blundering caveman. Recent research has painted a picture of a human ancestor with culture, art, and advanced cognitive skills.
In Failing Hearts, Cardiomyocytes Alter Metabolism
June 1, 2016|
While the heart cells normally burn fatty acids, when things go wrong ketones become the preferred fuel source.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
"It was not the fatigue or even the cold water that defeated me…"
When she looked ahead, Florence Chadwick saw nothing but a solid wall of fog. Her body was numb. She had been swimming for over sixteen hours.
At age 34, she wanted to be the first woman to swim from Catalina Island to the Californian coast. It was 1952 and millions watched on national television as Florence struggled in the frigid cold waters and dense fog. Her support boats with her trainer and mother encouraged her to continue on. Sharks cruised toward her body only to be driven away by rifle shots.
They told her it wasn't much farther. They urged her not to give up. But all she could see was fog. With less than half a mile to shore, she quit.
Several hours later in front of a cluster of reporters she said: "It was not the fatigue or even the cold water that defeated me. It was the fog. I was unable to see my goal."
Two months later, she tried again. This time despite the same dense fog, she swam with her faith intact and her dream clearly pictured in her mind.
She knew that somewhere beyond the fog was land. And this time she made it! She then became the first woman to swim the Catalina Channel and she even eclipsed the men's time by TWO HOURS!
What is your Dream? (Even in the next 12-24 months)
- You may know it in your heart and mind…
but you must visualize it clearly, for the fog and the frigid waters of resistance are coming your way. Picture completion. Picture the finish line. It may be a BIG project like a new business opportunity, a meaningful relationship, or a healthy body. Get your vision in crystal clear living color! Lock it in!
- Just know everyone, everywhere, experiences the fog
There is one thing more powerful than the dense fog. A determined Dreamer. You might be in a foggy funk right now. But do not worry. You are not alone. Each of us hit a wall sometimes, but stay encouraged and…
- Try again!
I love the fact that Florence climbed back into those waters just two months later. You too can start again if you are stopped the first time.
Your dream is not too big for you!
Sometimes when we push through the quitting points, the fog will lift and we will see land. No matter where you find yourself, TRY AGAIN! All the great people have experienced failure. But only the great people will get up and try again despite their failure.
Try again to reach land, to realize your dream!
Come on, keep swimming!
You matter to me,
Steve Gutzler


text:
- Report: #411223
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: BlueHippo Capital, LLC
BlueHippo Capital, LLC3960 Howard Hughes Parkway Las Vegas, Nevada U.S.A.
BlueHippo, BlueHippo Capital, LLC We paid off our account on 8/24/07. We still have not received our printer & TV Las Vegas Nevada
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As of 1/12/09, we have not receive anything. BlueHippo will not even respond to our emails. Just empty promises.
I feel that we held up to our bargain and they received their money in full. Why can't we get out supposely free items?
Any help would be appreciated.
Gray, Louisiana
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 01/12/2009 03:48 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/BlueHippo-Capital-LLC/Las-Vegas-Nevada-89109/BlueHippo-BlueHippo-Capital-LLC-We-paid-off-our-account-on-82407-We-still-have-not-r-411223. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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text:
Sixth grader Andrew Robison is youngest player to throw TD in varsity game (Video)
If Doug Flutie can do it, so can Andrew Robison.
If Doug Flutie can do it, so can Andrew Robison.
A football team without cheerleaders is like a peanut butter and jelly sandwich on an onion roll — it just doesn't make sense. The St.
When football teams line up in their goal-line offense and are looking to score from about one or two yards out, a running back can attempt to jump over the pile.
Oftentimes in the wonderful, yet violent, world of football, we see tempers flaring on the field. Unsportsmanlike conduct and unnecessary roughness penalties are a part of the game at all levels.
If a high school football player hits a 64-yard field goal that could have easily gone 70, is he destined for the NFL? I'm aware that accuracy is more important in the long run, but if I'm
Allow me to preface this post by saying I feel badly for the two high schoolers involved. I really do.
The more we hear about coaches and organizations paying players, the more desensitized we become.
Anyone who has experience with high school football knows things can get pretty hectic during the summer months.


text:
As a way of sustaining the fight against the dreadful Ebola Virus (EVD) in the country, fishing companies led by the Minister of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Capt. Alieu Pat Sowe on the 2nd September, 2014 made a cheque donation of Two Hundred and Twenty-One Million, Five Hundred Thousand Leones (Le221, 500,000) to President Dr Ernest Bai Koroma at State House.
Congratulating them for their contributions, President Koroma reaffirmed government's commitment to addressing the shortages in materials, especially with the protective gears and other items that are required to win this fight.
"At a moment like this when we have reawaken the support of the international community," the President said, and added that "We must enhance effective coordination and collaboration and endeavour to translate the knowledge already acquired into positive attitudes and behaviours to avoid a deficiency in the fight."
President Koroma further urged Sierra Leoneans to step up their efforts by limiting the spread of the virus. "We must put a limit on the spread, we cannot allow it to go beyond a particular point; it is only when we put a limit to the spread that we will be able to contain it quickly," he emphasized.
President Koroma stated that the Ebola outbreak is now a sub-regional issue, and added that "we must continue the engagement that will engender support to enhance the fight against the virus."
He urged that contact tracing, surveillance monitors and social mobilization be intensified to track down all infected cases together with the persons that they were exposed to.
Acknowledging the challenges, the President strongly believes that with the restructuring that has taken place both in the Ministry and the Emergency Operations Centre, it will yield the result that is needed in the fight.
Delivering a statement during his presentation, the Minister of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Capt. Pat Sowe said that as adherence to the call of the President, the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources together with industrial fishing companies donated over Five Hundred cartons of 20kg each to assist in the feeding of people quarantined in various parts of the country.
The National Social Security and Insurance Trust (NASSIT) led by the supervising Ministry of Labour and Social Security and the Destiny Shipping Company accompanied by Bishop Abu Koroma of the Flaming Evangelical Ministries donated the sum of One Hundred Million Leones (Le 100,000,000) each as part of their efforts in the fight against the Ebola epidemic.
The Limkokwing University through the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology donated sensitization materials comprising 20,000 Flyers, 10,000 car stickers, 2,000 T-Shirts, 5 billboards and jingles for radio and television to help halt the Ebola spread.
Bintumani Hotel led by the Ministries of Water Resources and Tourism and Culture made a cheque donation of One Hundred Million Leones (Le 100,000,000) to enhance the fight against Ebola, whilst the Sierra Leone Prisons also donated Ten Million Leones (Le 10,000,000) as their contribution to fight the deadly Ebola virus Disease.


text: Jumping Bean is an boutique open source solutions integration and training company providing software engineering, open source support and skills development services to customers around the world. Part science lab and part artists studio Jumping Bean is the Justice Leaque of Open Source. Found in 2001 Jumping Bean has traveled a long road with Open Source from an obscure and misunderstood approach to producing better quality, more robust and secure system to the domination of the technology world! If you got a problem, that no-one else can solve and if you can find them, perhaps you too can hire the J-Team.


text:
back by popular demand:
Big Ed's Buzzard BBQ Restaurant Inc.
Get Saucy with a Five-Hour Barbecue Class
special delivery
shop unique gifts and deliver them with style
easy, flexible delivery
print it out, email it now, or schedule it for a later date--it's up to you
personalized email
Emailing your gift? Write a message, select a theme, and hit send. The price you paid will not be displayed in the email.
special printed voucher
Delivering the gift in person? Choose a theme, print it out, and pass it along to that special someone. It's that simple.


text:
STOCKTON - Families are invited to Turkey Time at the Library, a program that includes stories, dancing, games and craft activities, starting at 3:30 p.m. today at the Cesar Chavez Central Library, 605 N. El Dorado St.. There will be something for all ages.
The program is provided by the Friends of the Stockton Public Library. For more information, call (209) 937-8221 or go to ssjcpl.org.
Location, ST | website.com


text:
I would like to add a membership directory to my blog, sort of a business to business directory that would be searchable by keyword, category or business name, so members could network and find resources they need.
Does anyone know if there is plugin for WP that does this?
If you're interested in developing plugins, I would be more than happy to collaborate with a programmer.


text:
FiltersShow / Hide
- All Events
- Music
- Comedy
- Theatre & Shows
- Sport
- Cinema
- Festivals
- Days Out
- Edinburgh Fringe
- Anywhere In The UK
- Location: Anywhere in the UK
Radius: ... miles
Sat 27th Apr at 8:30pm
10cc's Graham Gouldman & Friends
@ The Muni Theatre, Colne
Featuring: 10cc's Graham Gouldman & Friends
This event has been and gone!
Catch the next one:
Check out the info below for future tour dates, and track them to receive alerts when they tour near you
10cc's Graham Gouldman
Probably best known as one of the founding members of 10cc, Graham Gouldman has been a successful songwriter since the '60s, with his songs providing the soundtrack to so many teenage memories. From his first songwriting hit 'For Your Love' recorded by The Yardbirds in 1965, through catchy tunes and lyrics for The Hollies and Herman's Hermits in the '60s, a decade of hits with 10cc in the '70s and early '80s, songwriting partnerships with Kirsty MacColl, Suggs from Madness, Andrew Gold, Gary Burr, Tim Rice and – still contributing to those teenage soundtracks – co-writing with McFly on their Number One album Wonderland.
10cc's Graham Gouldman tour dates
Track this event
- Event has been added to your calendar
- Any important updates will be sent to your email address
- Add to your personal Ents24 calendar
- Sync with iCal, Outlook and others
- Receive important updates
- 1 person currently tracks this event
Venue Facts
Venue: The Muni Theatre
Website: themuni.co.uk
Enquiries: 01282 661234
Disabled Bookings: 01282 661234
Seating Plan: View the Seating Plan
→ Colne 4 min walk


text:
- Report: #1080149
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: FP Mailing Solutions
FP Mailing Solutions140 N Mitchell St ste 200 addison, Illinois USA
FP Mailing Solutions David Hansen FP Mailing Solutions illegally withheld funds that FP withdrew from my account and refused to apply to my postage meter. addison Illinois
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David Hansen from FP Mailing Solutions has locked my account and refuses to unlack it until I sign a maintenance contract for $3,347.40 per year. I purchased a CentoeMail Postage meter from FP Mailing Solutions in 2011. I paid over $40,000 for the meter. I did not lease or rent the meter. I purchased the meter outright. David Hansen sent me a maintenance agreement to sign and I refused to sign it as I do need need the services and do not use the services on the maintenance agreement. After I refused to sign the agreement FP withdrew funds from my bank account to refill the meter, but David Hansen put a lock/hold on my account so that my account would not be refilled.
I was never refunded my money and FP held onto my money without refilling my meter. We called David Hansen for three weeks trying to get him to release the hold and allow our meter to refill with the money already taken from our account and David Hansen refused unless we signed the maintenance agreement. David Hansen stated that he would not turn our meter back on until I signed the agreement. I allerted David that they had already withdrawn the money from our account and he stated unless I signed the contract i would never get the meter turned back on. This is theft and illegal and unethical business practices. I highly recommend that no business or individual ever use this company.
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 08/29/2013 11:08 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/FP-Mailing-Solutions/addison-Illinois-60101/FP-Mailing-Solutions-David-Hansen-FP-Mailing-Solutions-illegally-withheld-funds-that-FP-w-1080149. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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text:
Library Catalog (books, e-books, media, and more)
Legal Databases
Book Talk
|Please join us Monday, August 29 for a unique pre-release event welcoming Fowler School of Law alumnus Timothy Sandefur (2002). Mr. Sandefur will speak about his upcoming book The Permission Society: How the Ruling Class Turns Our Freedoms into Privileges and What We Can Do About It, where he examines the history of the distinction between rights and privileges.
Please RSVP here.


text:
on the 28th of Feb we undertook another beach cleanup on Haad Yao beach, the project was that of the green cross koh phangan who have been planning an island wide beach clean up for over a month now. They started a facebook group and were looking for volenteers to "clean your own beach" so naturally we roped in as many people as we...
Project AWARE's online environmental community working together for ocean protection.
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The views, actions and activities posted by participants on My Ocean are their own and do not necessarily reflect those of Project AWARE Foundation.


text:
- Report: #752784
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: James Elbert Williams
James Elbert Williamsnorth dale mabry tampa, Florida United States of America
James Elbert Williams jay. Jake. ej Match.com rip-off///Inappropriate touching tampa, Florida
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When you get to gym Mr. lawyer has just left, but Jay cons you into a contract playing on your insecurities and the fact that we are single and looking for love.
After he gets you into contract, he is not open the posted hours of operation. Half the time he says he will meet you to work out , He is 30 min or more late. Not really personal training, just lets you loose in gym.
On the few events there was one on one training, He pushes his (package ) into your rear end and then turns you around to "finish arms" and pushes it into your crotch area.
He refuses to give refund even when confronted with the facts of not living up to personal training agreement.
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 07/14/2011 07:58 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/James-Elbert-Williams/tampa-Florida-/James-Elbert-Williams-jay-Jake-ej-Matchcom-rip-offInappropriate-touching-tampa-Flo-752784. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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Advertisers above have met our
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text:
Quick Facts
|Days to Maturity
|76 from transplant
|Height at Maturity
|4 to 6 feet
|Width at Maturity
|18 to 24 inches
How to Grow
Indeterminate. Start indoors 3-8 weeks before last frost, then transplant 1-2 weeks after last frost. Prune to one trunk and no more than 3 main branches for healthy, easily trellised plants. Fruit are medium-sized and marbled dark- and light-green. Ripe and ready for harvest when soft to touch; fruit will develop a rich yellow-green undertone. Plants are fairly compact and easy to maintain.
You may also be interested in the following product(s)
Stone Ridge Tomato
Regular Price: $3.95
Special Price: $1.98
Goldie Tomato
Regular Price: $3.95
Special Price: $1.58
Make-Your-Own Gift Basket
As low as: $5.00


text:
Book your room at Best Western Plus Sandusky Hotel & Suites
Get an overview of this hotelFamily-friendly hotel with free breakfast and fitness center
This family-friendly Sandusky hotel is located near the airport, within 2 mi (3 km) of Keys Golf Course and Sandusky Mall. Osborn Recreation Area is 2.7 mi (4.4 km) away.
Hotel Features
This smoke-free hotel features a fitness center, a spa tub, and coffee/tea in a common area. Free continental breakfast, free WiFi in public areas, and free self parking are also provided. Additionally, a business center, a meeting room, and dry cleaning are onsite.
Room Amenities
All 89 rooms provide free WiFi and free wired Internet, flat-screen TVs with cable channels, and conveniences like sitting areas and refrigerators. Guests will also find microwaves, premium bedding, and coffee makers.Would you like to give us feedback? Share it! Opens in a new window
Best Western Plus Sandusky Hotel & Suites6011 Milan Road JCT US250 and RT2 Sandusky OH 44870
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Best Western Plus Sandusky Hotel & Suites features a spa tub and a fitness center. High-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary. This hotel offers access to a business center and a meeting room. Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast. Event facilities measure 5000 square feet (465 square meters). This family-friendly hotel also offers an arcade/game room, coffee/tea in a common area, and complimentary newspapers in the lobby. Onsite self parking is complimentary. The property may provide extended parking privileges to guests after check-out (surcharge). Guests can use the indoor pool at a partner hotel.
Best Western Plus Sandusky Hotel & Suites is a smoke-free property.
- 24-hour front desk
- Arcade/game room
- Business center
- Coffee/tea in common areas
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Conference space size (feet) - 5000
- Conference space size (meters) - 465
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Elevator/lift
- Express check-in
- Express check-out
- Fitness facilities
- Free breakfast
- Free self parking
- Free WiFi
- Laundry facilities
- Luggage storage
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Number of floors - 5
- One meeting room
- RV, bus, truck parking
- Smoke-free property
- Spa tub
- Television in common areas
- Total number of rooms - 89
- Use of nearby fitness center (discount)
- Year Built 2006
Family Friendly Amenities
- Arcade/game room
- Cribs/infant beds (complimentary)
- Free Wi-Fi
- Laundry facilities
- Microwave
- Refrigerator
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi , Free wired high-speed Internet
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking, RV, bus, truck parking
Room Amenities
- Air conditioning
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Cable TV service
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Coffee/tea maker
- Free newspaper
- Free toiletries
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Daily housekeeping
- Desk
- Free dial-up Internet access
- Flat-panel TV
- Free local calls
- Free WiFi
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Hair dryer
- In-room safe (laptop compatible)
- Iron/ironing board
- Microwave
- Premium bedding
- Premium TV channels
- Private bathroom
- Refrigerator
- Separate sitting area
- Shower/tub combination
Where to Eat
Guests are offered a complimentary continental breakfast.
Nearby Things to Do
Recreational amenities at the hotel include a spa tub and a fitness center.
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Golfing nearby
- Sailing nearby
- Water skiing nearby
- Hiking/biking trails nearby
- Parasailing nearby
- Golf lessons available nearby
- Personal motorized watercraft on site
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Check-in time ends at 7 AM
Minimum check-in age is 18
Check-out time is 11 AM
Payment types
- Pets not allowed (service dogs only)
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- Minimum Spring Break check-in age is 18 years old.
Only service animals are allowed
Optional extras
- Cribs (infant beds) are available for an additional fee
Hotel Name
- BEST WESTERN PLUS Sandusky
- BEST WESTERN PLUS Sandusky Hotel
- BEST WESTERN Sandusky
- Sandusky BEST WESTERN
- Best Western Sandusky Hotel And Suites
- Best Western Sandusky Hotel Sandusky
- BEST WESTERN PLUS Sandusky Hotel & Suites Ohio
We should mention
Children 17 years old and younger stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding. The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.


text:
How often do you cheat?
Platinum (o)(o)
Comments (8)
Platinum (o)(o)
DD Z born 2/10/2011 - BF'ing, BLW'ing, BW'ing, CD'ing, CS'ing, AP'ing, and vaccinating SAHM
Rachel, proud momma of Connor Page, Flynn Ridgway and the fur-kids.
I don't think it's cheating either. The only reason that LO has not had pancakes is because of his dairy and egg allergies. But we give him what we are eating as long as he is not allergic to it.
We went to a buffet yesterday morning. He has pineapple, pears, watermelon, peaches, sausage, toast, cheerios and home fries.
Married the love of my life in June 2009
Our adorable ODS was born in May 2011.
Platinum (o)(o)
I made blueberry pancakes for my little guy to try. I don't think you cheated at all! I've even given my little guy a taste of some chocolate mousse that I made. But, I'm pretty relaxed about what he eats, since I give him really healthy foods 97% of the time.
I sorta cheat when I am traveling. I have to loosen up what I strive for at home. Pancakes, that is not truly cheating :) but I add peanut butter to them to make them a little more nutritious. My girls are over 1 though.
I always figure that as long as I offer fruit later in the day then it is fine!
I have heard some people say to think of their nutritious eating through the week as opposed to just looking at one meal or one day.
Glad you and baby enjoyed your brunch! fun times.
-New baby on the way expected early October 2013
-Our first children:Identical (MZ)Twins Girls arrived Feb. 28th 2011. (38w. and 3d.).SAHM


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So far, so good with Edge Suite :-). Except one thing that I hope is simple. BTW, this issue might actually be something in my stylesheet, but I can't figure out where. I'm getting about 60 pixels of margin following every Edge animation. I don't see this with other widgets like SWF's. The 60 pixels follows each animation regardless of what follows (even if it's more animations - ~60 pixels between each). I'm using the simple reference style a la:
[edge_animation id="1" left="0" top="0"]
Is there a way to control the bottom margin? Is the issue in my CSS? Edge? Edge Suite?


text:
2/6/07 As I type this the market has been open for 3 hours and 22 minutes and we traded a whole 200 shares all day so far and that sale was at the open. 200 shares at .26 cents thats a whoppin 52 dollars (who makes trades for 52 dollars?). The bid all morning is at .26 and the ask at .29 not a move all morning.
MMs trying to persuade sellers or someone that is short is trying to persuade sellers. This company has 12 million in cash and new management. Im interested in seeing what they do with it.
I am long on the stock at this level as well.But the Standoff Continues into another day. .26 bid and .29 ask. Boggles the mind that we trade only 200 shares yesterday and we average 160,000 plus shares a day.