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Comprehensive Description
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, 1883
Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Y. Ito ; Location: country: Myanmar ; locality: Rangoon ; verbatimLatitude: 16° 49' 37" N; verbatimLongitude: 96° 8' 58" E; Event: eventDate: Jan. 2, 1938 ; Record Level: collectionID: F.G. Dickason 6966; institutionCode: GH
Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Y. Ito ; Location: country: Myanmar ; locality: Wakema ; verbatimLatitude: 16° 36' 18" N; verbatimLongitude: 95° 10' 49" E; Event: eventDate: Jan. 7, 1938 ; Record Level: collectionID: F.G. Dickason 7820; institutionCode: GH
Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Y. Ito ; Location: country: Myanmar ; locality: Shan State; Inle lake ; verbatimLatitude: 20° 32' 2'' N; verbatimLongitude: 96° 53' 53'' E; Event: eventDate: Dec. 3, 2008 ; Record Level: collectionID: Tanaka et al. 080645; institutionCode: MBK
Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Y. Ito ; Location: country: Thailand ; locality: Songkla Province, Talae Noi Waterfall Reserve, N end of Lake Songkla ; verbatimLatitude: 7° 15' N; verbatimLongitude: 100° 26' 16" E; Event: eventDate: Dec. 28, 1978 ; Record Level: collectionID: G. Congdon 162; institutionCode: AAU
Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Y. Ito ; Location: country: Thailand ; locality: Songkla Province; Talae Noi waterfowl reserve, N end of lake Songkla, near Phattalung ; verbatimLatitude: 7° 15' N; verbatimLongitude: 100° 26' 16" E; Event: eventDate: Dec. 28, 1978 ; Record Level: collectionID: G. Congdon & C. Hamilton 162; institutionCode: GH
Native to South America.
Derivation of specific name
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, 1883
Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Y. Ito ; Location: country: Myanmar ; locality: Rangoon ; verbatimLatitude: 16° 49' 37" N; verbatimLongitude: 96° 8' 58" E; Event: eventDate: Jan. 2, 1938 ; Record Level: collectionID: F.G. Dickason 6966; institutionCode: GH
Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Y. Ito ; Location: country: Myanmar ; locality: Wakema ; verbatimLatitude: 16° 36' 18" N; verbatimLongitude: 95° 10' 49" E; Event: eventDate: Jan. 7, 1938 ; Record Level: collectionID: F.G. Dickason 7820; institutionCode: GH
Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Y. Ito ; Location: country: Myanmar ; locality: Shan State; Inle lake ; verbatimLatitude: 20° 32' 2'' N; verbatimLongitude: 96° 53' 53'' E; Event: eventDate: Dec. 3, 2008 ; Record Level: collectionID: Tanaka et al. 080645; institutionCode: MBK
Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Y. Ito ; Location: country: Thailand ; locality: Songkla Province, Talae Noi Waterfall Reserve, N end of Lake Songkla ; verbatimLatitude: 7° 15' N; verbatimLongitude: 100° 26' 16" E; Event: eventDate: Dec. 28, 1978 ; Record Level: collectionID: G. Congdon 162; institutionCode: AAU
Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Y. Ito ; Location: country: Thailand ; locality: Songkla Province; Talae Noi waterfowl reserve, N end of lake Songkla, near Phattalung ; verbatimLatitude: 7° 15' N; verbatimLongitude: 100° 26' 16" E; Event: eventDate: Dec. 28, 1978 ; Record Level: collectionID: G. Congdon & C. Hamilton 162; institutionCode: GH
Native to South America.
Worldwide distribution
Range and Habitat in Illinois
National Distribution
Origin: Exotic
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Unknown/Undetermined
Confidence: Confident
United States
Origin: Exotic
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Unknown/Undetermined
Confidence: Confident
Global Distribution
South America; now naturalised in the Paleotropics
Indian distribution
State - Kerala, District/s: All Districts"
Distribution in Egypt
Nile region, oases and Mediterranean region.
Global Distribution
Native to Brazil, widely introduced and naturalized in tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
Physical Description
Elevation Range
Diagnostic Description
Look Alikes
Range and Habitat in Illinois
General Habitat
Nile, lakes, ponds, irrigation canals and drains.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 2 - 2
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Trophic Strategy
Insects whose larvae eat this plant species
Faunal Associations
Population Biology
Life History and Behavior
Life Expectancy
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Eichhornia crassipes
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Eichhornia crassipes
Public Records: 9
Specimens with Barcodes: 16
Species With Barcodes: 1
Conservation Status
National NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded National Status Rank: NNA - Not Applicable
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: NNA - Not Applicable
NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure
Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Leaf: The French Guiana Wayapi prepare the inflated petioles in a decoction for a febrifuge bath, and eat the petioles as an antidiarrhoeic.
Eichhornia crassipes
Eichhornia crassipes, commonly known as (common) water hyacinth, is an aquatic plant native to the Amazon basin, and is often considered a highly problematic invasive species outside its native range.
- 1 Description
- 2 Habitat and ecology
- 3 Invasive species
- 4 Uses
- 5 Gallery
- 6 References
- 7 External links
Water hyacinth is a free-floating perennial aquatic plant (or hydrophyte) native to tropical and sub-tropical South America. With broad, thick, glossy, ovate leaves, water hyacinth may rise above the surface of the water as much as 1 meter in height. The leaves are 10–20 cm across, and float above the water surface. They have long, spongy and bulbous stalks. The feathery, freely hanging roots are purple-black. An erect stalk supports a single spike of 8-15 conspicuously attractive flowers, mostly lavender to pink in colour with six petals. When not in bloom, water hyacinth may be mistaken for frog's-bit (Limnobium spongia).
One of the fastest growing plants known, water hyacinth reproduces primarily by way of runners or stolons, which eventually form daughter plants. Each plant can produce thousands of seeds each year, and these seeds can remain viable for more than 28 years.[1] Some water hyacinths were found to grow up to 2 to 5 metres a day in some sites in Southeast Asia.[2] The common water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) are vigorous growers known to double their population in two weeks.
Habitat and ecology[edit]
Its habitat ranges from tropical desert to subtropical or warm temperate desert to rainforest zones. The temperature tolerance of the water hyacinth is the following; its minimum growth temperature is 12 °C (54 °F); its optimum growth temperature is 25-30 °C (77-86 °F); its maximum growth temperature is 33-35 °C (92-95 °F), and its pH tolerance is estimated at 5.0 to 7.5. It does not tolerate water temperatures >35 °C. Leaves are killed by frost and salt water, the latter trait being used to kill some of it by floating rafts of the cut weed to the sea. Water hyacinths do not grow when the average salinity is greater than 15% that of sea water. In brackish water, its leaves show epinasty and chlorosis, and eventually die.[3]
Because of E. crassipes invasiveness, several biological control agents have been released to control it, including two weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Neochetina bruchi Hustache and Neochetina eichhorniae Warner, and the moth Niphograpta albiguttalis (Warren) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).[4] Neochetina eichhorniae causes "a substantial reduction in water hyacinth production" (in Louisiana); it reduces plant height, weight, root length, and makes the plant produce fewer daughter plants. N. eichhorniae was introduced from Argentina to Florida in 1972.[5]
Azotobacter chroococcum, an N-fixing bacteria, is probably concentrated around the bases of the petioles. But the bacteria do not fix nitrogen unless the plant is suffering extreme N-deficiency.[6]
Fresh plants contain prickly crystals.[3] This plant is reported to contain HCN, alkaloid, and triterpenoid, and may induce itching.[7] Plants sprayed with 2,4-D may accumulate lethal doses of nitrates,[8] as well as various other nocive elements in polluted environments. See further down.
Invasive species[edit]
Water hyacinth has been widely introduced in North America, Asia, Australia, Africa and New Zealand. In many areas it is has become an important and pernicious invasive species. In New Zealand it is listed on the National Pest Plant Accord which prevents it from being propagated, distributed or sold. In large water areas such as Louisiana, the Kerala Backwaters in India, Tonlé Sap in Cambodia and Lake Victoria it has become a serious pest.
When not controlled, water hyacinth will cover lakes and ponds entirely; this dramatically impacts water flow, blocks sunlight from reaching native aquatic plants, and starves the water of oxygen, often killing fish (or turtles). The plants also create a prime habitat for mosquitos[citation needed], the classic vectors of disease, and a species of snail known to host a parasitic flatworm which causes schistosomiasis (snail fever)[citation needed]. Directly blamed for starving subsistence farmers in Papua New Guinea[citation needed], water hyacinth remains a major problem where effective control programs are not in place. Water hyacinth is often problematic in man-made ponds if uncontrolled, but can also provide a food source for goldfish, keep water clean [9] [10] and help to provide oxygen[citation needed] to man-made ponds.
Water hyacinth often invades bodies of water that have been impacted by human activities[citation needed]. For example, the plants can unbalance natural lifecycles in artificial reservoirs or in eutrophied lakes that receive large amounts of nutrients.
Eichhornia crassipes, the Common water hyacinth, has become an invasive plant species on Lake Victoria in Africa after it was introduced into the area in the 1980s[citation needed].
United States[edit]
The water hyacinth was introduced in 1884 at the World's Fair in New Orleans, also known as the World Cotton Centennial.[11] The plants had been given away as a gift by a group of visiting Japanese.[11] Soon after, the water hyacinth was choking rivers, killing fish and stopping shipping in Louisiana, and an estimated 50 kilograms per square meter choked Florida's waterways.[12] There were many attempts to eradicate the flower, including one by the U.S. War Department to pour oil over many of the flowers, but none worked.[11] In 1910, a bold solution was put forth by the New Foods Society. Their plan was to import and release hippopotamus from Africa into the rivers and bayous of Louisiana. The hippopotamus would then eat the water hyacinth and also produce meat to solve another serious problem at the time, the American meat crisis.[13]
Known as the American Hippo bill, H.R. 23621 was introduced by Louisiana Congressman Robert Broussard and debated by the Agricultural Committee of the U.S. House of Representatives.[14] The chief collaborators in the New Foods Society and proponents of Broussard's bill were Major Frederick Russell Burnham, the celebrated American scout, and Captain Fritz Duquesne, a South African scout who later became a notorious spy for Germany. Presenting before the Agricultural Committee, Burnham made the point that none of the animals that Americans ate, chickens, pigs, cows, sheep, lambs, were native to the U.S., all had been imported by European settlers centuries before, so why should Americans hesitate to introduce hippopotamus and other large animals into the American diet? Duquesne, who was born and raised in South Africa, further noted that European settlers on that continent commonly included hippopotamus, ostrich, antelope, and other African wildlife in their diets and suffered no ill effects. The American Hippo bill nearly passed, but fell one vote short.[13]
The plant was introduced by Belgian colonists to Rwanda to beautify their holdings and then advanced by natural means to Lake Victoria where it was first sighted in 1988.[15] There, without any natural enemies, it has become an ecological plague, suffocating the lake, diminishing the fish reservoir, and hurting the local economies. It impedes access to Kisumu and other harbors.
The water hyacinth has also appeared to the north in Ethiopia, where it was first reported in 1965 at the Koka Reservoir and in the Awash River, where the Ethiopian Electric Light and Power Authority has managed to bring it under moderate control at the considerable cost of human labor. Other infestations in Ethiopia include many bodies of water in the Gambela Region, the Blue Nile from just below Lake Tana into Sudan, and Lake Ellen near Alem Tena.[16]
Water hyacinth has also invaded the Tonlé Sap lake in Cambodia. One project in Cambodia (Osmose) is trying to fight it by having local people make baskets from it.[17]
There are three commonly used control efforts used to suppress water hyacinth infestations. They are physical, chemical, and biological controls. However, no one control is better than the other because each has its advantages and disadvantages. The choice of control is dependent on the specific conditions of each affected location such as the extent of water hyacinth infestation, regional climate, and proximity to human and wildlife.[18]
Chemical control[edit]
The use of chemical controls is the least used out of the three controls of water hyacinth, because of its long-term effects on the environment and human health. The use of herbicides requires strict approval from governmental protection agencies of skilled technician to handle and spray the affected areas. The use of chemical herbicides is only used in case of severe infiltration of water hyacinth.[19] However, the most successful use of herbicides is when it is used for smaller areas of infestation of water hyacinth. This is because in larger areas, more mats of water hyacinths are likely to survive the herbicides and can fragment to further propagate a large area of water hyacinth mats. In addition, it is more cost-effective and less laborious than mechanical control. Yet, it can lead to environmental effects as it can penetrate into the ground water system and can affect not only the hydrological cycle within an ecosystem but also negatively affect the local water system and human health. It is also notable that the use of herbicides is not strictly selective of water hyacinths; keystone species and vital organisms such microalgae can perish from the toxins and can disrupt fragile food webs.[18] The chemical regulation of water hyacinths can be done using common herbicides such as 2,4-D, glysophate, and diquat. The herbicides are sprayed on the water hyacinth leaves and leads to direct changes to the physiology of the plant.[20] The use of the herbicide known as 2,4-D leads to the death of water hyacinth through inhibition of cell growth of new tissue and cellular apoptosis (Jimenez, 2005). It can take almost a two-week period before mats of water hyacinth are destroyed with 2,4-D. It has been found that up to 150,000 acres of water hyacinth are treated annually in Louisiana.[21] The herbicide known as diquat is a liquid bromide salt that can rapidly penetrate the leaves of the water hyacinth and lead to immediate inactivity of plant cells and cellular processes. For the herbicide glyphosate, it has a low toxicity than the other herbicides; therefore, it takes longer for the water hyacinth mats to be destroyed (about three weeks). The symptoms include steady wilting of the plants and a yellow discoloration of the plant leaves that eventually leads to plant decay.[19]
Physical control[edit]
Physical control is performed by land based machines such as bucket cranes, draglines, or boorm or by water based machinery such as aquatic weed harvester,[22] dredges, or vegetation shredder.[23] Mechanical removal is seen as the best short-term solution to the proliferation of the plant. A project on Lake Victoria in Africa used various pieces of equipment to chop, collect, and dispose of 1500 hectares of water hyacinth in a 12-month period. It is, however, costly and requires the use of both land and water vehicles, but it took many years for the lake to become in poor condition and reclamation will be a continual process. It can have an annual cost from $6 million to $20 million and is only considered a short-term solution to a long-term problem. Another disadvantage with mechanical harvesting is that it can lead to further fragmentation of water hyacinths when the plants are broken up by spinning cutters of the plant-harvesting machinery. The fragments of water hyacinth that are left behind in the water can easily reproduce asexually and cause another infestation.[20] However, transportation and disposal of the harvested water hyacinth is a challenge because the vegetation is heavy in weight.The harvested water hyacinth can pose a health risk to humans because of the plant's propensity for absorbing contaminants, and it be considered toxic to humans. However, the practice of mechanical harvesting is not effective in large-scale infestations of the water hyacinth, because this aquatic invasive species grows much more rapidly than it can be eliminated. In addition, only one or two acres of water hyacinth can mechanically harvested daily because of the vast amounts of water hyacinths in the environment. Therefore, the process is very time-intensive.[24]
Biological control[edit]
As chemical and mechanical removal is often too expensive and ineffective, researchers have turned to biological control agents to deal with water hyacinth. The effort began in the 1970s when USDA researchers released three species of weevil known to feed on water hyacinth into the United States, Neochetina bruchi, N. eichhorniae, and the water hyacinth borer Sameodes albiguttalis. The weevil species were introduced into the Gulf Coast states, such as Louisiana, Texas, and Florida, where there was thousands of acres of infestation from water hyacinth. It was found that a decade later in the 1980s that there was a decrease in water hyacinth mats by as much as 33%. However, because the life cycle of the weevils is only ninety days, it puts a limitation on the use of biological predation to efficiently suppress water hyacinth growth.[21] These organisms regulate water hyacinth by limiting water hyacinth size, its vegetative propagation, and seed production. They also carry microorganisms that can be pathological to the water hyacinth. These weevils eat stem tissue, which results in a loss of buoyancy for the plant, which will eventually sink.[20] Although meeting with limited success, the weevils have since been released in more than 20 other countries. However, the most effective control method remains the control of excessive nutrients and prevention of the spread of this species.
May 2010 the USDA's Agricultural Research Service released Megamelus scutellaris as a biological control insect for the invasive waterhyacinth species. Megamelus scutellaris is a small planthopper insect native to Argentina. Researchers have been studying the effects of the biological control agent in extensive host-range studies since 2006 and concluded that the insect is highly host-specific and will not pose a threat to any other plant population other than the targeted water hyacinth. Researchers also hope that the biological control will be more resilient than existing biological controls to the herbicides that are already in place to combat the invasive water hyacinth.[26]
Another natural antagonist of the water hyacinth is the freshwater turtle.[27]
Because of its extremely high rate of development, Eichhornia crassipes is an excellent source of biomass. One hectare of standing crop thus produce more than 70,000 m3 of biogas.[28] According to Curtis and Duke, one kg of dry matter can yield 370 liters of biogas, giving a heating value of 22,000 kJ/m3 (580 Btu/ft3) compared to pure methane (895 Btu/ft3)[29]
Wolverton and McDonald report only 0.2 m3 methane per kg, indicating requirements of 6000 MT biomass/ha to attain the 70,000 m3 yield projected by the National Academy of Sciences (Washington).[30] Ueki and Kobayashi mention more than 200 MT/ha/yr.[31] Reddy and Tucker found an experimental maximum of more than a half ton per day.[32] Bengali farmers collect and pile up these plants to dry at the onset of the cold season; they then use the dry water hyacinths as fuel. They then use the ashes as fertilizer. In India, a ton of dried water hyacinth yield circa 50 liters ethanol and 200 kg residual fiber (7,700 Btu). Bacterial fermentation of one ton yields 26,500 cu ft gas (600 Btu) with 51.6% methane, 25.4% hydrogen, 22.1% CO2, and 1.2% oxygen. Gasification of one ton dry matter by air and steam at high temperatures (800°) gives circa 40,000 ft3 (circa 1,100 m3) natural gas (143 Btu/cu ft) containing 16.6% hydrogen, 4.8% methane, 21.7% CO, 4.1% CO2, and 52.8% N. The high moisture content of water hyacinth, adding so much to handling costs, tends to limit commercial ventures.,[30][33] A continuous, hydraulic production system could be designed, which would provide a better utilization of capital investments than in conventional agriculture, which is essentially a batch operation.,[3][34]
The labour involved in harvesting water hyacinth can be greatly reduced by locating collection sites and processors on impoundments that take advantage of prevailing winds. Wastewater treatment systems could also favourably be added to this operation. The harvested biomass would then be converted to ethanol, natural gas, hydrogen and/or gaseous nitrogen, and fertilizer. The resulting byproducts of water and fertilizer can both be used to irrigate nearby cropland.[3]
Phytoremediation, waste water treatment[edit]
The roots of Eichhornia crassipes naturally absorb pollutants, including lead, mercury, and strontium-90, as well as some organic compounds believed to be carcinogenic, in concentrations 10,000 times that in the surrounding water.[35] Water hyacinths can be cultivated for waste water treatment.[3]
Water hyacinth is reported for its efficiency to remove about 60–80 % nitrogen (Fox et al. 2008) and about 69% of potassium from water (Zhou et al. 2007). The roots of water hyacinth were found to remove particulate matter and nitrogen in a natural shallow eutrophicated wetland (Billore et al. 1998).[36]
The plant is used as a carotene-rich table vegetable in Taiwan. Javanese sometimes cook and eat the green parts and inflorescence.[3]
Medicinal use[edit]
In Kedah (Java), the flowers are used for medicating the skin of horses.[3] The species is a "tonic.",[37][38]
Other uses[edit]
In East Africa, water hyacinths from Lake Victoria are used to make furniture, handbags and rope.[39] The plant is also used as animal feed and organic fertilizer although there is controversy stemming from the high alkaline pH value of the fertilizer.[40] Though a study found water hyacinths of very limited use for paper production,[41] they are nonetheless being used for paper production on a small scale.
Inflated petiole
- ^ Sullivan, Paul R. and Wood, Rod. 2012. Water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, seed longevity and the implications for management. 18th Australasian Weeds Conference. Melbourne: Conference Proceedings CD.
- ^ Gopal 1987, in Batcher Undated
- ^ a b c d e f g Eichhornia crassipes, in Handbook of Energy Crops. By J. Duke. Available only online. An excellent source of information on numerous plants.
- ^ Julien, M.H., and Griffiths, M.W. (1998), Biological Control of Weeds: A World Catalogue of Agents and their Target Weeds (4th ed.), Oxon, UK: CABI Publishing, CAB International.
- ^ Suppressing water hyacinth with an imported weevil. By R.A. Goyer and J.D. Stark. 1981. La. Agr. 24(4):4-5. Cited in Handbook of Energy Crops. By J. Duke.
- ^ Water hyacinth: a plant with prolific bioproductivity and photosynthesis. By S. Matai and D.K. Bagchi. 1980. pp. 144-148 in: Gnanam, A., Krishnaswamy, S., and Kahn, J.S. (eds.), Proc. Internat. Symp. on Biol. Applications of Solar Energy. MacMillan Co. of India, Madras. Cited in Handbook of Energy Crops. By J. Duke.
- ^ Medicinal plants of east and southeast Asia. By L.M Perry. 1980. MIT Press, Cambridge. Cited in Handbook of Energy Crops. By J. Duke (Available only online. An excellent source of information on numerous plants.)
- ^ Tropical feeds. Feed information summaries and nutritive values. By B. Gohl. 1981. FAO Animal Production and Health Series 12. FAO, Rome. Cited in Handbook of Energy Crops. By J. Duke.
- ^ J. Todd, B. Josephson, The design of living technologies for waste treatment / Ecological Engineering 6 (1996) 109-136
- ^ Water Hyacinth For Nutrient Removal, Orange County Water Conservation Department Orlando, Florida, http://www.apms.org/japm/vol06/v6p27.pdf |accessdate=31 July 2013
- ^ a b c Miller, Greg (December 20, 2013). "The Crazy, Ingenious Plan to Bring Hippopotamus Ranching to America". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028.
- ^ "A Troublesome "Water Weed"". Popular science monthly: 429. January 1898. Retrieved 13 May 2013.
- ^ a b Mooallem, John (2013). American Hippopotamus. New York: The Atavist. Retrieved March 7, 2014.
- ^ Burnham, Frederick Russell (1944). Taking Chances. Los Angeles: Haynes Corp. pp. 11–23. ISBN 1-879356-32-5.
- ^ Die grüne Pest. By Thilo Thielke. Spiegel (de) 2/9/2008, accessed 2/9/2008.
- ^ Rezene Fessehaie, "Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes): A Review of its Weed Status in Ethiopia", Arem., 6 (2005): 105-111.
- ^ Osmose making baskets from water hyacint
- ^ a b Villamagna, Amy; Murphy, Brian (27 August 2009). "Ecological and socio-economic impacts of invasive water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes): a review". Freshwater Biology 55 (2): 282–298. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
- ^ a b "http://dbw.ca.gov/BoaterInfo/WaterHyacinth.aspx". California State Parks: Division of Boating and Waterways. State of California: Division of Boating and Waterways. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
- ^ a b c Jimenez, Maricela. "Progress on water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) management". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ^ a b Sanders, Dearl; Jonhson, Seth; Kelso, Bill. "Invasive Aquatic Weeds in Louisiana". LSU AgCenter. Louisiana Agriculture. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
- ^ aquatic weed harvester
- ^ vegetation shredders
- ^ Malik, Anushree (January 2007). "Environmental challenge vis a vis opportunity: The case of water hyacinth". Environment International 33 (1): 122–138.
- ^ United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2010/100518.htm
- ^ http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2010/100518.htm
- ^ Source: Fulvio Galiani, 21 Nemea St., 00135 Rome, Italy: "I have experienced it in my freshwater turtles tank that I keep on my house balcony: after putting a water hyacinth plant in my tank, in order to purify the water in the tank, the two freshwater turtles that are housed there, one of about four inches in diameter and the other of about two and a half inches in diameter, ate almost the whole plant in the space of a month."
- ^ Making aquatic weeds useful. National Academy of Sciences (or N.A.S.), Washington, DC. 1976.
- ^ An assessment of land biomass and energy potential for the Republic of Panama. By C.R. Curtis and J.A. Duke. 1982. vol. 3. Institute of Energy Conversion. Univ. Delaware.
- ^ a b Energy from vascular plant wastewater treatment systems - Eichhornia crassipes, Spirodela lemna, Hydrocotyle ranunculoides, Pueraria lobata, biomass harvested for fuel production. By B.C. Wolverton and R.C. McDonald. 1981. Econ. Bot. 35(2):224-232. Cited in Handbook of Energy Crops. By J. Duke.
- ^ Cultivation of new biomass resources. K. Ueki and T. Kobayashi. 1981. In "Energy Develop. in Japan", 3(3):285-300. Cited in Handbook of Energy Crops. By J. Duke.
- ^ Productivity and nutrient uptake of water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes. K.R. Reddy and J.C. Tucker. 1983. 1. Effect of nitrogenous source. Econ. Bot. 37(2):237-247. Cited in Handbook of Energy Crops. By J. Duke.
- ^ The wealth of India. By the C.S.I.R., or Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. 1948-1976. 11 vols. New Delhi. Cited in Handbook of Energy Crops. By J. Duke.
- ^ Energy from fresh and brackish water aquatic plants. By J.R. Benemann. 1981. pp. 99-121. In: Klass, D.L. (ed.), Biomass as a non-fossil fuel source. ACS Symposium Series 144. ACS. Washington. 564 p. Cited in Handbook of Energy Crops. By J. Duke.
- ^ BioScience 26(3): 224. 1976.
- ^ http://www.researchgate.net/publication/260094644_Phytoremediation_Systems_for_the_17_Recovery_of_Nutrients_from_Eutrophic_Waters
- ^ Medicinal plants of the world. By J.A. Duke and K.K Wain. 1981. Computer index with more than 85,000 entries. 3 vols.
- ^ Oudhia P.(2001).Traditional medicinal knowledge about a noxious weed, jal kumbhi (Eichhornia crassipes), in Chhattisgarh (India). AQUAPHYTE. 21(2). Winter 2001.
- ^ Patricia Aguilo et al., "Attracting Investment to Kisumu: Opportunities and Challenges", Columbia University
- ^ Global Invasive Species Database
- ^ [1] W.J. Nolad, D.W. Kirmse, The Papermaking Properties of Waterhyacinth, Journal of Aquatic Plant Management (JAPM) Vol 12 (May 1974), pp 90-97
The inflated petiole has long been a characteristic used to separate Eichhornia crassipes from other species of the genus. Yet on older plants under crowded conditions, the petiole shows little or no swelling (W. T. Penfound and T. T. Earle 1948). This has resulted in several misidentifications of specimens as E. azurea. Inflorescences typically elongate overnight, and all flowers open the same day (W. T. Penfound and T. T. Earle 1948). However, some robust specimens have inflorescences in which the proximal flowers open the first day and the distal 2–4 flowers open on the subsequent day. Individual flowers open shortly after dawn and wilt by nightfall. By the next morning, the flowering stem has bent such that the developing fruits are typically submersed, allowing seed development to occur under water (W. T. Penfound and T. T. Earle 1948). S. C. H. Barrett (1977, 1979, 1980, 1980b, 1988, 1989) has studied the reproductive biology in depth. The water hyacinth is a tristylous species; however, the only naturally occuring populations with all three morphs are in northeastern Brazil. This led S. C. H. Barrett and I. W. Forno (1982) to conclude that Eichornia crassipes is native to Amazonia. All other studied populations in the world have only one or two of the floral morphs. In some populations, a breakdown in the tristylous condition was observed whereby the stigma was found to be adjacent to anthers in some flowers (semihomostylous condition), resulting in some seed production (S. C. H. Barrett 1979). In general, seed production in temperate populations was found to be half that of tropical populations, mainly due to differences in levels of insect visitation (S. C. H. Barrett 1980b).
Common Names
French: jacinthe d'eau. FG Creole: zoreille bourrique. Guyana: water hyacinth.
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John Cluny walked out of a courtroom in 1995 thinking the teenager who killed his wife and 14-year-old son in their Norwich home would be locked away for the next 60 years, or at least for the rest of Cluny's life.
Now, the 69-year-old Cluny, who had come home from his machinist's job at Electric Boat on May 24, 1993, to find his wife, Elaine, and 14-year-old son, David, dead of gunshot wounds to the head, is not so sure.
In the past couple of weeks, he has traveled to Hartford twice to speak out against proposed laws that might enable convicted killer Michael Bernier, who was 15 when he committed the crimes, to be released from prison early. Bernier, a Boy Scout and altar boy, was a neighbor of the Clunys and friends with David Cluny.
Cluny said that over the years, he has stayed "right on top" of Bernier's status.
"There was an old saying when I worked at Electric Boat," Cluny said in a phone interview. "The price of freedom is eternal vigilance. Well, so is the price of justice."
Bernier, now 35, is receiving time off his 60-year prison sentence for good behavior because he committed the crimes before the so-called "good time" law was repealed in 1993.
Earlier this month, Cluny spoke against a bill requiring courts to hold resentencing hearings in an effort to provide a "meaningful opportunity" for juvenile offenders serving life sentences to be released earlier. He said Bernier is one of 18 Connecticut prisoners eligible to get their sentences reduced by as much as 50 percent. The proposal resulted from U.S. Supreme Court decisions, including the Miller v. Alabama case from June 2012, which held sentences of life without the possibility of parole are unconstitutional for juvenile offenders.
"If they cut his sentence 50 percent, he could get out in 10 years or so at 45 years of age," Cluny said.
Cluny and other crime victims spoke at a press conference Friday when the Judiciary Committee held a public hearing on a Republican proposal to repeal a 2011 law enabling inmates to earn up to five days a month off their sentences by signing up for in-house rehabilitation programs such as anger management or sex offender treatment.
"I voted against the law two years ago when it was passed, thinking, boy, this is a terrible law," said Len Suzio, a former Republican state senator from Meriden who organized Friday's press conference.
Then in June 2012, the so-called "Risk Reduction Earned Credit" program led to a tragedy that occurred just four blocks from his home, according to Suzio. Frankie "The Razor" Resto, a convicted robber who had been released two months earlier under the program, was charged with killing convenience store owner Ibrahim Ghazal.
""He walked into the convenience store, and after the owner gave him money, he shot him point blank," Suzio said. "It was truly stunning."
Miami trio charged in East Lyme with producing fake credit cards
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A/Z Corporation has grown from humble beginnings to industry leader
Hovercraft 'flying' travelers across Long Island and Fishers Island sounds
Waterford church continues tradition of Middle Eastern festival
Driver flees accident scene, crashes into police car on I-95
Waterford soldier's remains come home after more than 60 years
Electric Boat delivers submarine Illinois early, below budget
Region still lagging in job gains, but future seen as 'bright'

subset: commoncrawl


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Happy nephew
1990 Jeep Cherokee
Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?)
I installed this box in my nephew's Jeep Cherokee along with some additional speaker upgrades and a Kenwood head unit. He is now a hit among his friends with the best sounding stereo system. Definitely buy some Dynamat and install generously to avoid any rattling. As always, Crutchfield's customer service was A+++!!
Pros: Doesn't take up much room and allows you to maintain your cargo space.
Cons: Speaker grill isn't universal. Some modifications may be necessary.


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Kent Animal Shelter may find a new home after all — in Shoreham.
Pam Green, Kent's executive director, said the Calverton shelter is looking for a new location with assistance from Brookhaven Town officials. READ
Kent Animal Shelter may find a new home after all — in Shoreham.
Pam Green, Kent's executive director, said the Calverton shelter is looking for a new location with assistance from Brookhaven Town officials. READ
Richard Amper, executive director of the Pine Barrens Society, once again lived up to his true form last Wednesday in his latest bid to stop the rebuild of Kent Animal Shelter. His arguments disintegrated in several instances because some of his statements were dead wrong.
The conflict over the expansion of Kent Animal Shelter in the Core Preservation Area of the Pine Barrens is getting personal. What's worse, it's unnecessary. READ
Kent Animal Shelter in Calverton has saved many dogs and cats over the years at its River Road facility.
But now, Riverhead Town officials have devised a plan wherein cats may be what saves Kent.
Specifically, feral cats. (more…)
Like the pets we've helped all these years, we now find ourselves facing an uncertain future. No one wants to live in a cold house constructed of cement that's falling apart, not even animals.
Over 55,000 animals have been spayed or neutered and over 40,000 have been rescued and placed in new homes since Kent Animal Shelter in Calverton was built in 1968. How ironic, is it then, that the organization that made that happen may soon face its own untimely demise?
It's the very thing that we have fought against for our homeless animals for the past 47 years. (more…)
The facilities at Kent Animal Shelter aren't enough to meet their needs, representatives of the nonprofit said at a public hearing before the Pine Barrens Commission last week.
Plans for a new facility, they said, would not only expand their operations but also help the environment by removing outdated and "archaic" septic systems.
But whether that's enough for the commission to allow the group to build remains to be seen. (more…)
Kent Animal Shelter's plans for a new facility have been redesigned and will go back before the state's Central Pine Barrens Joint Planning and Policy Commission, from which Kent needs a waiver to allow construction in the core of the Pine Barrens, where new development is strictly limited. (more…)
Kent Animal Shelter officials said Monday they've rescued nine dogs from Brookhaven Town's crowded animal shelter and are ready to adopt the pets to loving homes.
Kent Animal Shelter executive director Pamela Green said in a press release that the rescued dogs have been fully vetted and are ready for adoption. Donations are also being sought to support the animals while they're at the shelter, a no-kill facility located in Calverton.
"These are all such wonderful dogs," Ms. Green said. "It's sad they ended up in a shelter, but I'm confident we can find them loving homes and give them a second chance."
According to an Oct. 3 Newsday article, the Brookhaven Animal Shelter had been closed for more than a month due to an outbreak of ringworm that led to the euthanization of at least 25 cats. In addition, there had been nearly 130 more dogs and about 40 more cats at the shelter than legally permitted. In August 2011, Brookhaven's shelter also temporarily closed due ringworm, which is a fungal infection of the skin that can be transferred to animals or humans.
A Brookhaven Town Animal Shelter employee said Monday the shelter reopened about two weeks ago.


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text:
Honey bees warn hive of danger with dance language
May 27, 2016 Since social insects live and work together in large groups, they have to be able to communicate with each other within the colony to keep things running smoothl. more »»
Vegetable gardens can be pretty as well as functional
May 27, 2016 Considering the superior flavor of fresh-picked vegetables and the choices you get when you grow your own, it's a wonder that more people don't have vegetable gardens. more »»
How to decorate with antiques and heirlooms
May 27, 2016 In this age of minimalism and decluttering, the common response to an offer of a family heirloom or antique might be, "I don't have space," ''It's not my taste," or simply "No thanks. more »»
Stop weeds before they take over
May 20, 2016 Few things can be as troublesome to gardeners and landscapers as weeds. Weeds seemingly spring up overnight and quickly can overrun lawns and/or garden beds. more »»
Amendments can help produce healthy soil
May 20, 2016 Mother Nature provides plenty to grow healthy lawns, gardens and landscapes. But as many homeowners know, some lawns sometimes need a little extra boost to complement nature. more »»
USDA to make bio-grants available
May 20, 2016 WASHINGTON — U.. more »»
Home & Garden Briefs
May 20, 2016 Gardener Training Program slated Berkeley - Jefferson County Extension Master Gardener Training Program Accepting Applications Applications are now available for the 2016 Fall Extension Master... more »»
Parasitoid wasps come in many shapes, sizes, annoyances
May 20, 2016 So nat'ralists observe, a flea Hath smaller fleas that on him prey; And these have smaller fleas to bite 'em. And so proceeds ad infinitum. more »»
Demolished homes soak stormwater in Detroit
May 20, 2016 DETROIT — A pilot project has transformed several demolished Detroit homes into gardens designed to capture and soak up stormwater and the idea could extend to other parts of the city as part of... more »»
Eco-friendly lawns: The natural look is in
May 20, 2016 Eco-friendly lawns are sprouting up across America as property owners realize they can get better results for less work and money. Some are getting improved drought resistance, too. more »»
Floating home marks return to Dubai's man-made World islands
May 20, 2016 DUBAI, United Arab Emirates — Surrounded by 300 deserted man-made islands, Dubai's newest real-estate wonder has all the amenities of a luxury hotel — plus views of the bottom of the sea. more »»
Moochers, theives and murderers in ant nests
May 6, 2016 At this time of year, you can notice the little piles of soil where ants are cleaning house and hauling out soil from the new tunnels they are digging. Ants are just about everywhere. more »»
Right at Home: bringing big style to small outdoor spaces
April 29, 2016 Shelter magazines this time of year are fond of featuring expansive outdoor spaces with sprawling gardens and entertaining areas. more »»
Home & Garden Briefs
April 29, 2016 Agriculture Training Coming to County WVU Berkeley County Extension is offering Annie's Project in Martinsburg. more »»
Mecynorrhina torquata: A beetle to be used as drones
April 29, 2016 Privacy is one of the big concerns of people in today's world. The popularity of small drone aircraft has added a new dimension to that concer. more »»
Gardening: Tropical houseplants need a little coddling
April 29, 2016 A winter trip to the "Isle of Enchantment," Puerto Rico, left me feeling sorry for many of my houseplants back home. The effects of steam-bath conditions there were dramatic. more »»
Home & Garden Briefs
April 22, 2016 Agriculture training coming to county WVU Extension is offering Annie's Project in Martinsburg. more »»
The periodical cicadas are not coming this year
April 22, 2016 Some of the large regional media outlets have been talking about the coming emergence of billions of 17-year (periodical) cicadas in May. more »»
Gardeners can help protect butterfly populations
April 22, 2016 Bees aren't the only pollinators suffering from a massive North American die-off. Butterflies and moths, those flying flowers of the insect world, are disappearing too. more »»
Shenandoah-Potomac Garden Council features seven homes for 61st House & Garden Tour
April 22, 2016 CHARLES TOWN — A total of seven exceptional homes — ranging from historically significant to modern — will be on display throughout Berkeley and Jefferson counties on Saturday and Sunday for the 61s... more »»


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5/08/2003 11:38am, #11--Sam & KF,
A "Good Book?" Yes, yes, it is all becoming clear to me now. The magnificent, actinic, thoroughly correct prophet Kungfoolss and his NEW Good Book...
No more shall the evil, infidel "stylists" be able to sway the disciples of the holy prophet Kungfoolss from the path of righteousness! Yea, verily I say unto you all, the blessings of the "Combat Science" and the curses of following the evil, evil path of the "Theory Based Stylists" shall clearly be proclaimed forever and at GREAT LENGTH to all peoples. Only then shall the gods of the $500 medallions and the ghost of Yamamoto be at peace.
You are doing a great, good and oh so necessary thing.
Yours sycophantically,
Mr. N.G.Kungfoolss, Scourge of the theory-based stylists, Most Feared man at Bullshido.com, and the Preeminent Force in the martial arts political arena
5/08/2003 2:59pm, #12
- Join Date
- Apr 2003
- Location
- North America
- Posts
- 108
Oh my!
The Great One deigned to notice one of my humble missives yet again! I am doubly blessed. I don't know what to say...
Thank you, thank you, thank you, oh magnificent scourge of unpatriotic foreign devils, as I know that a lowly one such as myself must be truly unworthy to lick your omnipotent combat boots!
I know that the hard facts that you must have gleaned about my personality and motives from the (intentionally) sparse evidence found in my few supportive little toadyings must give you a perfectly clear idea of who I am and what I represent, and I only want to say that such insightful perceptions based on such little information only rests MY case that you are the best, nay the only, guide for showing us red blooded and shamelessly affluent Americans how to maintain our sacred parochialism inviolate into the so-called "international" 21st century.
Thanks again!
Mr. N.G.
Edited by - Mr. Nice Guy on May 08 2003 15:09:33
Edited by - Mr. Nice Guy on May 08 2003 15:11:30
5/08/2003 3:44pm, #13
- Join Date
- May 2003
- Posts
- 13
You're writing a psychoanalysis of martial artists? Sounds interesting. What, may I ask, are your medical crednetials? Have you done graduate work in psychology? Where did you study? Are you published in any psychological journals? Are you professionally trained in psychoanalysis? Just curious.
5/09/2003 4:48am, #14--You're writing a psychoanalysis of martial artists? Sounds interesting. What, may I ask, are your medical crednetials? Have you done graduate work in psychology? Where did you study? Are you published in any psychological journals? Are you professionally trained in psychoanalysis? Just curious.Kungfoolss, Scourge of the theory-based stylists, Most Feared man at Bullshido.com, and the Preeminent Force in the martial arts political arena
5/09/2003 8:00am, #15
- Join Date
- May 2003
- Posts
- 13
"Ahhh, if you could be anymore blind than you already are. I really do adore you stylists you know. (Chuckling)"
Translation: You're just talking out of your ass, calling it psychoanalysis and hoping that no one calls you on it.
That's what I figured, but I just wanted to establish for sure that you had no real credentials before I started ignoring you. Thanks for clearing that up.
5/09/2003 9:41am, #16
- Join Date
- Apr 2003
- Location
- North America
- Posts
- 108
Now, now George...
What you describe as the Great One merely talking out of a certain orifice some of us would describe as a veritable sun of illumination, beaming from his venerable circular oracle in an odor of splendiferous effulgence, brushing aside any petty mundane-fact-based concern us mere mortals may have with one warm blast of his unassailable wind of truth! How do we know this figurative sun shines out of the literal orifice in question? Because he simply tells us so, over and over (how consistent!) with dramatic, parenthetic chuckles and beams. That settles it for me, at least.
Indeed, we are luckier than we know. Since our prophet obviously has no real need to soil his keyboard replying to your need for consideration, qualifications, or debate, that he posts here at all is obviously a sign that he has a mandate from the gods of the gaudy medallions to bring us all, kicking and screaming and holding our collective breath if needs be, to the hallowed halls of his own unique version of Scientific Combat, his fear-based Ultimate Scourge of all filthy devil-worshipping foreigners. A place perfectly designed by the Great One to fulfill any deep-seated atavistic yearning for an Ozzie and Harriet world where no one "ritually" trains technique, where only girls kick and bite. Do you really need miracles to believe?
How could it be any other way? His confidence in the prowess of his new style of Combat Science that isn't apparently a style; that uses strategic theory that isn't apparently theory (again, simply because the Great One says so) is seamless, absolute, even monolithic. Such power over the English language, words mean whatever he decides that they mean! That should be miracle enough. And the compassion evidenced in his mission to enlighten us all, at GREAT LENGTH is, well, breathtaking...
Edited by - Mr. Nice Guy on May 09 2003 10:10:37
7/04/2010 1:04am, #17
- Join Date
- Jul 2010
- Posts
- 2
- Style
- taekwondo
It digures- he was with International TKD Alliance- everyone of them are nuts on that Board.
7/04/2010 1:12am, #18--
This HAS to be a record necro.
Can we get a ruling from the judges?
7/04/2010 8:58am, #19
Gladiators Academy Lafayette, LA--
- Join Date
- Dec 2006
- Location
- Lafayette, LA
- Posts
- 2,190
- Style
- Judo, MMA, White Trash JJ
I wish I knew about this when it happened. He was one of the founders of the USTA/ITA/Tiger Rock. After I started Judo I got into a lot of trouble with the then USTA and had to go to Alabama and have a sit down with them and my instructor. He was a douche back then.
I watched him jump rope for 20+ minutes for his 6th or 7th degree promotion demonstration. He then barely broke his board sets. It was almost laughable then now that I have some perspective it was fucking horrible.
I was wondering why he wasn't in the new pics of he founders of the newer org called Tiger Rock.Judo is only gentle for the guy on top.
9/15/2010 8:55am, #20
- Join Date
- Jul 2010
- Posts
- 2
- Style
- taekwondo
ITA/Tiger Rock
I sat in on their "Board Meeting" and 99% of it was how to charge more (to their "lineage" and to the students so they (the Board members) could have a better retirement because they were getting older. WTH????
I realized then that it wasn't about the "art", it was all about the money- for them. Quicker testing cycles, more charges, etc.


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The Knights of Columbus stepped up Friday to help cancer patients. The organization donated $500 to John & Friends Run for Cancer.
John Johnson, Nick Adam and Tim Irvine, all of WTOK, are running in the Mar. 4 New Orleans Marathon in support of the Anderson Cancer Center Patient Benevolence Fund.
The Knights of Columbus says it was built on the idea of helping others, which is what the cancer patient fund does.
John Johnson received the Knights of Columbus' 2008 Monsignor John J. Burns Award, recognizing community service.
To donate to the benevolence fund, you may send a check to:
John & Friends Benevolence Fund Donation
1704 23rd Avenue
1st Floor
Meridian, MS 39301


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Designers like Thom Browne and Raf Simons pushed for this look, and street style aces like Nick Wooster made it famous on tumblr. Regular guys can't pull this off. At all. Imagine your estranged uncle went to pick up your little cousins from soccer practice dressed like this. He would look like someone Chris Matthews might need to "take a seat."
The 10 Worst Style Trends of 2012
9. Shorts With Suit Jackets
Watch Now


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Warped worldview led to Tuam horror
In Catholic Ireland violence and sadism came easily to those who ran orphanages, writes John-Paul McCarthy
Published 08/06/2014 | 02:30
Nothing illuminates quite like an Irish scandal. The nightmarish discovery of hundreds of babies' bodies in the mother-and-child home at Tuam encouraged elements within the "pro-life" faction to reach back for the playbook they used during the barbaric death of Savita Halappanavar for want of an abortion that would have been her constitutional right in nearly every major hospital in western Europe.
The Pro-Life Campaign told the Irish Examiner on Friday that Tuam was "at a very early stage", an admonition that lost much of its power when read through the prism of the parallel Bessborough home horror-show in Cork. (This dungeon-type place denied poor women and girls pain relief during delivery, as well as postpartum stitches and penicillin).
Never one to miss a populist trick then, Gerry Adams invoked these scandals as part of an argument about a united Ireland. Partition in 1920 supposedly delivered the South into the hands of the Catholic Church to the extent that it excised most of the non-catholic population from the Free State.
Those who laboured through Adams' full meditation on the corrupt alliance between partitionists and bullying clerics must have been struck by his characteristic contempt for the intelligence of his readers.
This relatively recent anti-clerical slant in his rhetoric is hard to square with some well-known facts. Readers may recall Sean O'Callaghan's argument in his powerful book, The Informer, that the "Provisional IRA were in reality representative of the Catholic 'defender' tradition. Republicanism traditionally spoke of uniting Catholic, Protestant and dissenter under the common name of Irishmen, yet the Provisional IRA used a parochial house to induct local men into the IRA. Young, largely uneducated country lads were brought to their priests' house at night to be sworn in ... "
It is a sad day indeed for the Republic of Ireland when the architects of the Calvary-style H-Block hunger strikes can pose unmolested as champions of secular pluralism.
Tuam and Bessborough attack us in our deepest integrity because these places still remain hard to fathom for younger people, especially those who may have been duped by the skilful publicity offensive organised by the serving Pope.
In order to understand how these kinds of places came to anchor themselves for so long in our national life, it is important to keep three aspects of Roman Catholicism in mind.
Firstly, there is the relationship between physical violence and Catholic culture to consider. The historian Tom Dunne recently analysed this issue with sensitivity and restraint in his book Rebellions, a memoir in part of his experiences as a Christian Brother in various schools in the Fifties and Sixties. He noted that so many of the people sent to man the orphanages, the industrial schools and the laundries were themselves deeply damaged members of the clerical orders.
Violence, criminal neglect, and even forms of institutional sadism came naturally to these dregs and wrecks.
Secondly then, there is the particular challenge of the child itself to the religious mind. The British social historian EP Thompson wrote chillingly about this challenge in The Making of the English Working Class when he spoke of Methodism's sick and "peculiarly strong conviction as to the aboriginal sinfulness of the child".
Dunne plotted the way this conviction also infected Irish Catholic thinking in recent decades. Only a culture so warped and encumbered by these prejudices could have filled mass infant graves in Tuam and elsewhere.
It is important to remember here too that Catholicism has never really hidden its hatred for the way most people live and interact with each other, that is to say for life as life is lived, unexpected pregnancies included.
The previous Pope, Prof Ratzinger, never ceased to insist publicly and at great length that Catholicism was at war with the modern world, and that it existed to force people to respect what he liked to call "the voice of nature", as defined by elderly virgins in congress assembled.
Our clerics have always lacked this admirable (and wholly German) candour.
In the last 20 years, we have been told that the Catholic social clauses in our Constitution were socially progressive antidotes to the kind of robber-baron capitalism that destroyed pre-war Europe. Tuam and Bessborough show us again they were no such thing, rather proof positive that the law-making process itself had been captured by Cardinal Cullen's heirs.
The third important issue then concerns the lack of State supervision. Catholicism has always been as much a critique of the political state as it was of Protestantism or atheism. And Irish Catholicism always had an antagonistic relationship with the British state since the Reformation, something that carried over after independence. Clerically administered institutions gobbled up taxpayers' money, but always looked down on attempts at state invigilation.
Sean de Freine caught this imperious mindset in his Saoirse Gan So in 1960 when he scrutinised the Catholic fixation with "prophetic pioneering minorities or shock-minorities..." who set the moral standards for everyone else without appeal.
This is the worldview that built these places and helped them flourish.
Sunday Independent


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now new all paintings from my new studio on the wonderful Island Mallorca Spain
i find here my new inspiration for new works
now new all paintings from my new studio on the wonderful Island Mallorca Spain
i find here my new inspiration for new works
animatan777 on Aug 21, 2016
Absolutely beautiful. Thank you
Charlotte Douglas on Aug 8, 2016
Such a pleasure to deal with and her work is perfection. Thank you
Kate Higgins on Jul 27, 2016
I love this painting it is a perfect addition to our beach house. There was some confusion with DHL here in the US and the seller helped me solve it quickly. I am delighted and highly recommend.
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sunny greetings from Germany
by Jolina :)
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text:
Book your room at Best Western Premier Hotel Vieux Port
Get an overview of this hotel3-star hotel with restaurant and outdoor pool
Collect 200 points
Simply enter your Nectar card number when prompted. Your points will be credited 30 days after you return from your trip.*Offers may apply
Located in the heart of La Ciotat, this hotel is within a 15-minute walk of La Ciotat Harbour and Calanque de Figuerolles. Parc du Mugel and La Ciotat Beach are also within 2 mi (3 km).
Hotel Features
Along with a restaurant, this hotel has an outdoor pool and a health club. WiFi in public areas is free. Additionally, a bar/lounge, a spa tub, and a sauna are onsite.
Room Amenities
All 61 rooms provide free WiFi and free wired Internet, flat-screen TVs with digital channels, and conveniences like washers/dryers and coffee makers. Other amenities available to guests include minibars, room service, and premium bedding.Would you like to give us feedback? Share it! Opens in a new window
Best Western Premier Hotel Vieux Port252, quai François Mitterrand La Ciotat Bouches-du-Rhone 13600
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
In addition to an outdoor pool, Best Western Premier Hotel Vieux Port provides a health club, a spa tub, and a sauna. The hotel offers a restaurant. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. A computer station is located on site and high-speed wired and wireless Internet access is complimentary.
Event facilities measuring 1184 square feet (110 square meters) include meeting rooms. This La Ciotat hotel also offers multilingual staff, complimentary newspapers in the lobby, and dry cleaning/laundry services. Parking is available onsite for a surcharge.
Best Western Premier Hotel Vieux Port has designated areas for smoking.
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- Total number of rooms - 61
- Number of floors - 5
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- Conference space size (feet) - 1184
- Conference space size (meters) - 110
- Self parking (surcharge)
- Sauna
- Spa tub
- Steam room
- Outdoor pool
- Bar/lounge
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Restaurant
- Number of meeting rooms - 6
- Year Built 2009
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
Family Friendly Amenities
- Family Hotel
- Outdoor pool
- Free Wi-Fi
- Washer/dryer
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi , Free wired high-speed Internet
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi , Free wired high-speed Internet
Self parking (surcharge)
Room Amenities
- Premium TV channels
- Hypo-allergenic bedding available
- Premium bedding
- Air conditioning
- Phone
- Minibar
- Daily housekeeping
- Private bathroom
- Bathrobes
- Hair dryer
- Iron/ironing board
- Desk
- Free local calls
- Free newspaper
- Coffee/tea maker
- Washer/dryer
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- In-room safe (laptop compatible)
- Flat-panel TV
- Free WiFi
- Room service (limited hours)
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
- Rollaway/extra beds (surcharge)
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Digital TV service
Where to Eat
Buffet breakfasts are available for a surcharge and are served each morning between 7 AM and 10:30 AM.
Quai Sud - Overlooking the ocean, this restaurant specializes in Mediterranean cuisine and serves lunch and dinner. Guests can enjoy alfresco dining (weather permitting). A children's menu is available.
Room service (during limited hours) is available.
Nearby Things to Do
An outdoor pool and a spa tub are on site. Other recreational amenities include a health club and a sauna.
Children under 12 years old are not allowed in the swimming pool, health club, fitness facility, or spa tub without adult supervision.
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Surfing/boogie boarding nearby
- Scooter/moped rentals nearby
- Skydiving nearby
- Windsurfing nearby
- Kayaking nearby
- Sailing nearby
- Water skiing nearby
- Bicycle rentals on site
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessible bathroom
- Roll-in shower
- In-room accessibility
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 2 PM
Minimum check-in age is 18
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
- No pets or service animals allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
No pets or service animals allowed
Parking height restrictions apply
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR .9 per person, per night. This tax does not apply to children under 13 years of age.
Optional extras
- Fee for buffet breakfast: EUR 15.00 for adults and EUR 15.00 for children (approximately)
- Self parking fee: EUR 12.00 per night
- Rollaway beds are available for an additional fee
Hotel Name
- Best Western Premier Hotel Vieux Port
- Best Western Premier Hotel Vieux Port La Ciotat
- Best Western Premier Vieux Port
- Best Western Premier Vieux Port La Ciotat
We should mention
Children 12 years old and younger stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding. The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation. No pets and no service animals are allowed at this property.
National Rating
This hotel has received its official star rating from the French Tourism Development Agency, ATOUT France.


text:
- Report: #351553
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: Privacy Matters 123 - Public Records - Online People Search
Privacy Matters 123 - Public Records - Online People SearchPrivacyMatters123.com Sacramento, California U.S.A.
Privacy Matters 123 - Public Records - Online People Search Did a public seearch charged for unwanted credit report Sacramento California
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A week later my card was billed for $19.95 for a credit report I did not order, and have not received, by a service called Privacy Matters 123. (the irony is that I had just order a free credit report from one of the major credit bureaus)
When I spoke to Privacy Matters 123, they explained that my visit to PublicRecordsNow.com was the reason for the charge (that I did not authorize) and that my account would be credited in 2 business days.
I have since revisited public records now, looking for some small print that indicates that by using the site I was also agreeing to pay for other services (a credit report), I found none.
I have not yet seen the credit.
Las Vegas, Nevada
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 07/15/2008 12:37 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/Privacy-Matters-123-Public-Records-Online-People-Search/Sacramento-California/Privacy-Matters-123-Public-Records-Online-People-Search-Did-a-public-seearch-charged-f-351553. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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International Trade:
Options for Congressional Consideration to Improve U.S. Trade Preference Programs
GAO-10-262T: Published: Nov 17, 2009. Publicly Released: Nov 17, 2009.
Additional Materials:
- Highlights Page:
- Full Report:
- Accessible Text:
(202) 512-4347
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
U.S. trade preference programs promote economic development in poorer nations by providing duty-free export opportunities in the United States. The Generalized System of Preferences, Caribbean Basin Initiative, Andean Trade Preference Act, and African Growth and Opportunity Act unilaterally reduce U.S. tariffs for many products from over 130 countries. However, two of these programs expire partially or in full this year, and Congress is exploring options as it considers renewal. This testimony describes the growth in preference program imports, identifies policy trade-offs, and summarizes the Government Accountability Office (GAO) recommendations and options suggested by a panel of experts on the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). The testimony is based on studies issued in September 2007, March 2008, and August 2009. For those studies, GAO analyzed trade data, reviewed trade literature and program documents, interviewed U.S. officials, did fieldwork in nine countries, and convened a panel of experts.
Total U.S. preference imports grew from $20 billion in 1992 to $110 billion in 2008, with most of this growth taking place since 2000. The increases from preference program countries primarily reflect the addition of new eligible products, increased petroleum imports from some African countries, and the rapid growth of exports from countries such as India, Thailand, and Brazil. Preference programs give rise to three critical policy trade-offs. First, opportunities for beneficiary countries to export products duty free must be balanced against U.S. industry interests. Some products of importance to developing countries, notably agriculture and apparel, are ineligible by statute as a result. Second, some developing countries, such as Bangladesh and Cambodia, are not included in U.S. regional preference programs; however, there is concern that they are already competitive in marketing apparel to the United States and that giving them greater duty-free access could harm the apparel industry in Africa and elsewhere. Third, Congress faces a trade-off between longer preference program renewals, which may encourage investment, and shorter renewals, which may provide leverage to encourage countries to act in accordance with U.S. interests such as trade liberalization. GAO reported in March 2008 that preference programs have proliferated and become increasingly complex, which has contributed to a lack of systematic review. Moreover, we found that there was little to no reporting on the impact of these programs. In addition, GAO solicited options from a panel of experts in June 2009 for improving the competitiveness of the textile and apparel sector in AGOA countries. Options they suggested included aligning trade capacity building with trade preference programs, modifying rules of origin to facilitate joint production among trade preference program beneficiaries and free trade partners, and creating non-punitive and voluntary incentives to encourage the use of inputs from the United States or its trade preference partners to stimulate investment in beneficiary countries.
Aug 15, 2016
Cultural Property:Protection of Iraqi and Syrian AntiquitiesGAO-16-673: Published: Aug 15, 2016. Publicly Released: Aug 15, 2016.
Antidumping and Countervailing Duties:CBP Action Needed to Reduce Duty Processing Errors and Mitigate Nonpayment RiskGAO-16-542: Published: Jul 14, 2016. Publicly Released: Aug 15, 2016.
Jul 14, 2016
Syria Humanitarian Assistance:Implementing Partners Have Assessed Some Risks of Providing Aid inside Syria, but U.S. Agencies Could Improve Fraud OversightGAO-16-808T: Published: Jul 14, 2016. Publicly Released: Jul 14, 2016.
Syria Humanitarian Assistance:Some Risks of Providing Aid inside Syria Assessed, but U.S. Agencies Could Improve Fraud OversightGAO-16-629: Published: Jul 14, 2016. Publicly Released: Jul 14, 2016.
Jul 6, 2016
Compact of Free Association:Proposed U.S. Assistance to Palau for Fiscal Years 2016 to 2024GAO-16-788T: Published: Jul 6, 2016. Publicly Released: Jul 6, 2016.
Jul 5, 2016
U.S.-China Cooperation:Bilateral Clean Energy Programs Show Some Results but Should Enhance Their Performance MonitoringGAO-16-669: Published: Jul 5, 2016. Publicly Released: Jul 5, 2016.
May 19, 2016
Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting:U.S. Assistance to Combat This Harmful Practice Abroad Is LimitedGAO-16-485: Published: Apr 27, 2016. Publicly Released: May 19, 2016.
May 12, 2016
Security Assistance:U.S. Government Should Strengthen End-Use Monitoring and Human Rights Vetting for EgyptGAO-16-435: Published: Apr 12, 2016. Publicly Released: May 12, 2016.
Apr 19, 2016
Unaccompanied Children:HHS Should Improve Monitoring and Information Sharing Policies to Enhance Child Advocate Program EffectivenessGAO-16-367: Published: Apr 19, 2016. Publicly Released: Apr 19, 2016.
Apr 18, 2016
Foreign Aid:USAID Generally Complied with Its Antiterrorism Policies and Procedures for Program Assistance for West Bank and GazaGAO-16-442: Published: Apr 18, 2016. Publicly Released: Apr 18, 2016.
Looking for more? Browse all our products here


text:
Reviews For Dickies Shirts 574 DN
5 star:
4 star:
3 star:
2 star:
1 star:
Average Customer Review
This Product:
Dickies Shirts: Men's Dark Navy 574 DN Long Sleeve Uniform Shirt
6 out of 9 people found this product review helpful.
my husband loved his shirts until I accidentally...
By: patty spencer
my husband loved his shirts until I accidentally put them in the dryer!
Now I have to replace them. Do you have the large tall on sale?
Now I have to replace them. Do you have the large tall on sale?
Was this review helpful To you?
2 out of 2 people found this product review helpful.
Great Shirt...
By: JimFischer
I purchased several of these shirts to wear for work in a production foundry. They are very durable and hold up to most of the daily work I do. The darker colored shirts don't seem to stain very easily and stains are not very noticeable on the lighter colors. I really like the fact that these shirts are something I can work in and be seen out in public in before going to work. I would highly recommend these shirts to anyone looking for a nice, durable shirt for a great price.
Was this review helpful To you?
Love these shirts!...
By: MarcieW
For the second year, this is my go-to Christmas gift for my husband. He finds them to be durable and comfortable and I like the dark navy color for hiding dirt! Dickies is a name to be trusted, and these shirts don't let you down. Buying them on The Working Person's Store site also gets a good price and free shipping at $49!
Was this review helpful To you?
Great shirt...
By: Tscott
This shirt fit well and feels strong. I have wore others shirts and my wife was sick of looking at the same shirt,, well not the SAME shirt but the same style shirt for YEARS. She was glad I tried another type for a change. It looks and feels like a great shirt. Looking forward to getting the others.. It's hard to find a shirt that looks good and is tough enogh to stand up to daily wear at work.
Was this review helpful To you?


text:
Economics Roundtable
May 2014 Payroll Employment
After 76 months, we finally got back to the prerecession level of payroll employment.
Click on the image to get a bigger version.
The best summary of the state of our economy is the graph (below) of employment as a fraction of population for people over 16 years old. The decrease is large, but the most troubling feature of the graph is the flat trend .
Click on the image to get a bigger version.
Graph-of-the-Year Candidates
Donald Marron likes European interest rates. Click on the image to get a bigger version. Can you find three distinct subperiods?
Brad DeLong favors the U.S. gdp gap.
Remember M1?
Money Supply M1 growth is now over 20% per year over a 12 month lag. M1 growth has touched 20% before, but not with excess reserves of $1.6 trillion. Where is M1 headed?
Click on the chart for a larger version.
The Economics Roundtable is sponsored by EconModel.
The Classic Economic Models cover micro, macro, and financial markets.
Poverty & Growth Blog
"Building Capacity to Reduce Poverty"
What? E-learning course on
"Policies for Growth"
When? October 1-31, 2010
How to Apply? Please follow this link
The story of growth and poverty reduction is much debated in ...
All over the world, countries have put in place fiscal stimulus packages as a response to the global crisis. In the US and UK, despite the large fiscal stimuli, the economies are stalling and unemployment rates are still high. Now, Paul Krugman is advocating ...
Seventy percent of all trade is trade in goods. World trade volume declined by over 20% from peak levels trough April 2008 to January 2009, and this decline was observed across the board – advanced economies recorded a decline of over 23%, Asia ...
After all is said and done, this crisis had its genesis in US and European countries living beyond their means. This was reflected in large current account deficit which was financed by emerging economies of China, Russia, Brazil, Korea and others. This was in ...
Join Aleem Walji, formerly of Google.org, now�the Practice Manager of WBI's Innovation Team and�one of the lead authors for a webinar to mark the launch of a special issue of Development Outreach magazine on "The Power of Innovation."
In a post-crisis ...
The labor market has the unenviable task of not only absorbing the additional workers entering the labor force each year (as a result of population growth) but also dealing with the unemployed workers as economies. The Keynesian view of unemployment is ...
Greedy speculators in housing and private bankers, financial innovation and failure of risk models, regulators and credit rating agencies were all deservedly blamed for the recent financial crisis. Behind this all is public policy that worsened the ...


text:
HERKIMER � An archaeological dig project will get under way this spring at the Herkimer County Historical Society and area residents are invited to take part.
Phil and Kate Creighton of Remsen will head up the project with the help of volunteers. Those interested in helping are invited to attend a meeting at 10 a.m. Saturday, May 17, at the society�s Eckler Building, 406 N. Main St.
�This will be an orientation and they�ll learn what�s expected,� said historical society Executive Director Sue Perkins.
The dig is scheduled to begin May 31.
This dig will restart a project started more than a decade ago by historical society volunteer Fred Doyle, who was researching and documenting Fort Dayton in 2000. The results of his research are in large volume notebooks at the historical society. The fort�s boundaries are within the general area of the Historic Four Corners, where the county historical society is located. A 225th commemoration of the fort took place in 2001 and the following year an archaeological dig was started in the society�s side yard, overseen by archaeologist Doug Pippin.
Ten test pits were dug at that time, according to Perkins, and some artifacts were found. Doyle died in 2003 and the project ended. Memorial donations given to the society in his name were designated for further work on the project. Eleven years later, plans are under way for another archaeological dig. This time Doyle�s son, Brian Doyle of Clinton, is planning to take part.
The Creightons, founders of New York Shadow Chasers, a paranormal investigation group, presented a program at the historical society last October.
�This is how we found out that they had degrees in archaeology and it just clicked with Sue and me to talk to them about resurrecting our Fort Dayton Archaeology Project,� said Caryl Hopson, administrative assistant at the historical society, in an email. �They are going to lead us in an archaeological dig in our side yard on Court Street with the possibility of doing a dig near the supposed old well of the fort, located a couple of house up from us on the property of one of our members, Carolyn Canary.�
This dig will be more extensive than the earlier test dig, according to Perkins.
Fort Dayton was built in 1776 under the supervision of Col. Elias Dayton, for whom it was later named, as part of a defensive chain of forts along the Mohawk to fend off attacks from Canada that were anticipated. The fort offered shelter to area settlers during the Revolution and is remembered as the base from which Gen. Nicholas Herkimer and the Tryon County Militia set out for the relief of Fort Stanwix.
An article that appeared in the historical society�s Legacy magazine notes few details about the fort were known until 1975, when the Herkimer County Historical Society located the diary of Captain Joseph Bloomfield in New Jersey. Bloomfield, 23, commanded the New Jersey regiment of the Continental Army that was charged with the construction of the fort and he kept a diary, as did Lt. Ebenezer Elmer, 24, a junior officer and a doctor. Their diaries included information about how the fort was built, what it looked like and what was happening in the area during the summer of 1776.
Page 2 of 2 - A July 14 entry in Elmer�s diary stated Bloomfield received a letter from his father in which was enclosed �a Declaration of the Continental Congress, passed the 4th day of July, declaring the Colonies free and independent states - which may God prosper and protect.� The declaration was read to the troops the following day.
Fred Doyle wrote an article discussing the possible location of the fort�s well and its bake oven.
Location, ST | website.com


text:
- Report: #971353
Report - Rebuttal - Arbitrate
Complaint Review: Real Vegas Online
Real Vegas OnlineInternet, Georgia United States of America
Real Vegas Online Real Vegas online Punish People who win on their site they don't like to pay. But they want your deposit Internet, Georgia
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This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 11/19/2012 11:54 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/r/Real-Vegas-Online/Internet-Georgia-30274/Real-Vegas-Online-Real-Vegas-online-Punish-People-who-win-on-their-site-they-dont-like-t-971353. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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Advertisers above have met our
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text:
TALKING MONEY WITH/BOB COSTAS; For the Prudent Son, All Risky Bets Are Off
By GERALDINE FABRIKANT
Published: June 10, 2001
ST. LOUIS— THERE is no way that the television sportscaster Bob Costas, at 5 feet 7 and 49 years of age, could compete on a basketball court against Shaquille O'Neal, the star center of the Los Angeles Lakers. But Mr. Costas once went one-on-one against Shaq in an investment contest. And lost.
Or did he?
In an E*Trade promotion in 1998, each celebrity picked a hypothetical portfolio of six stocks, aiming for the best performance in a typical time horizon for a day trader: six weeks. Mr. O'Neal, who bragged that he was a ''digital type guy,'' posted an 18.7 percent gain by picking Cisco Systems, Microsoft, Dell Computer, EarthLink, Amazon.com and SportsLine USA (now SportsLine.com Inc.).
That dwarfed the 1.2 percent that Mr. Costas mustered from his choices: Quaker Oats, General Electric, Anheuser-Busch, Monsanto (now part of Pharmacia), the Tribune Company and Lucent Technologies.
''I picked 'em the way an old lady picks horses at the racetrack: by personal connection and by whim,'' Mr. Costas said in a recent interview.
Yet considered in a real-life, longer-term investment horizon, Mr. Costas's picks are doing very well, thank you. His conservative choices would have shown a 34.2 percent gain by now, compared with a 12.8 percent gain for Mr. O'Neal's portfolio, according to Morningstar Inc.
Mr. Costas's approach to that contest says much about his attitude toward money -- a view heavily influenced in his childhood by a father who was an inveterate gambler. Mr. Costas, known for his preppy looks and astute interviewing skill, has avoided the speculative and flamboyant. He sought to minimize risk, invested for the long term and has been a disciplined saver -- strategies aimed at ensuring stability in his personal as well as his financial life.
As he built a national reputation in an industry where celebrity is mostly local, Mr. Costas amassed a fortune estimated at $15 million to $20 million -- neither he nor his advisers would discuss specific amounts -- more than enough to live a life of luxury anywhere in the world. Yet he lives with his wife and two children in a home built for the family in 1989 on an acre in Town & Country, Mo., an affluent suburb of St. Louis. That home, his sole residence, is probably worth about $2 million today.
Mr. Costas says he would not know what to do with a second home or with many of the other customary trappings of celebrity. Indeed, several years ago, he sold a vacation house in St. Petersburg, Fla., because the family used it so rarely.
Each year, he plows about 25 percent of his pretax income into investments. It is not that he is hoarding money toward an early retirement. He just wants to be assured of having the flexibility to make choices that are not dictated by money now, as well as of a comfortable lifestyle in the future.
That is where his father, John, who died in 1970, comes in.
One day last month, Mr. Costas recalled how, when he was 8, his father moved the family -- Bob, his younger sister, Valerie, and mother, Jayne -- from Long Island to Redondo Beach, Calif. To this day, Mr. Costas does not know whether they moved because his father got a new job as an electrical engineer or because he was fleeing angry bookies and gambling debts stemming from his obsession with betting on sporting events.
''There were times when we drove with my father to a doughnut shop in Brooklyn,'' Mr. Costas said during an interview in his unpretentious three-room suite in an office park here. ''There, a guy named Al, trying to be casual, would slip a paper bag across the counter with $14,000 in it.''
There were losses, too. Once, when Mr. Costas was about 11, he accompanied his father to a parking lot, where the elder Mr. Costas handed a man $5,000.
''I thought it was very weird,'' Mr. Costas recalled. ''The guy was making small talk.''
Mr. Costas recounted a boyhood that was punctuated by frequent moves and that lurched with the highs and lows of his father's wins and losses. He spoke with the blend of insight and professional distance that have made him one of the most successful and self-assured interviewers in professional sports -- a world filled with huge egos and hair-trigger tempers. It often seemed as if he had prepared as much for this interview as he does for his coverage of the Olympics, and yet his talk lacked the flashes of quick wit that characterize his on-screen persona -- perhaps because the topic made him slightly uncomfortable.
The financial swings in his childhood were clearly a source of tension. ''My mother wasn't thrilled when you have to dip in to the family account to pay off some guys who don't like to be paid in installments,'' he said. ''We always had food on the table and a roof over our heads, but there may have been some times when the bank account was spread thin, when we had to draw out a few grand out to pay off some guy named Lefty Luke.''
Still, Mr. Costas and his father bonded over sports, and the family shared good times. ''Growing up had anxiety and it was unsettling, but it was entertaining and colorful, and had a certain romance to it,'' Mr. Costas said. He expressed compassion for his father's obsession: ''Gamblers say they are doing it for their family. They believe the family will be able to move to a better house. They will have additional security.''


text: I am importing from one WP blog to another. My XML file was over 3MB so I used the suggestions on the forum to zip it into a .tar file, which worked - it imported that way. However, it has pulled over none of my comments. I didn't alter the XML file in any way. Can anyone tell me why this would happen and (most importantly!) how I can fix it??


text:
This ground cover has greenery and blossoms combined. Made of easy-to-spread, long-lasting foam. Package has three colors (red, purple and marigold) and includes approximately a heaping tablespoon of each color. #1249 Weldbond makes applying easily.
Covers an area 2 1/2"Sq. approx.
(depending on the thickness of application)
Scale: 1/12
Assembly Required:
No1/12 scale, also referred to as one-inch scale (or 1" scale), means 1 inch = 1 foot
They are clumps that you will have to create your arrangement but they are beautiful and will look lovely
miniatures.com is dedicated to bringing you quality items at the best prices, and
we stand behind our products 100 percent. Satisfaction guaranteed. If, for any reason,
you are not completely satisfied with your order from miniatures.com, simply return
it to us within 30 days. We are more than happy to exchange it or provide you with
a credit or refund.


text:
Accutone Pavo
"Greetings Head-fi! Today we are going to be taking a look at the Pavo, Accutone's first foray into the wild world of dual-driver earphones. The Pavo first crossed my path after reading @Cinder's coverage. What sparked my interest most was their physical similarity to one of my favorite dual driver earphones, the NarMoo W1M. In fact, they looked pretty much identical. With..." --B9Scrambler
Skull Candy Smokin' Buds Earphones Black Rubberized
"These are definitely great sounding and well priced ear buds. I've never really had a pair that sounded this nice before and I only paid $40 for them. If you're into Dubstep, Trap, Hip-Hop, Rap, or other music like this, then you will definitely enjoy these buds. They have very nice low end performance that actually makes your ears vibrate a little and also have clear and pristene highs. For..." --backspace119
Accutone Pisces BA Hybrid IEM
" -Introduction- At this point, I've reviewed three other Accutone IEMs, each of which had their strengths and weaknesses. The Pisces BA is Accutone's new flagship hybrid IEM, and has fixed a lot of what was wrong with their previous products. However, it seems that for every issue fixed, another has been left alone. Coming in hot at $389, is the Pisces BA worth adding to your..." --Cinder
Accutone Taurus
Taurus | The In-Ear Headset with Bass Tuning Technology & Spin Cable The first thing you notice about the Taurus is perhaps its attractive High-Gloss Mirror-Black finishing, or the Aluminum Spin Cable nob for Dual-Wear, or even perhaps the High-Quality Tangle-Free Cables. It is truly a thing of Beauty. But once you wear them in your ears, you will realize the Taurus is a rare breed, with...
Skull Candy Smokin' Buds Headphones in Purple / Purple- Ships in ''24'' Hours!
Skull Candy Smokin' Buds Headphones in Purple / Purple


text:
Elite or not elite, Eli Manning has had a very successful career in the NFL, but it seems that we can't stop asking whether he fits onto the short list of elite quarterbacks in the league. Let's pretend the retarded comment isn't there.
What Google Thinks of Your Favorite Athletes
Eli Manning
Watch Now


text:
Toyota Aygo Fire and Ice now available
The Toyota Aygo Fire and Ice models are on sale now, priced from £9,595.
The Toyota Aygo range now includes two new models, the Aygo Fire and Aygo Ice.
The Fire comes with 14-inch alloy wheels, front foglights and LED daytime running lights, rear privacy glass, leather steering wheel and gear lever and a rev counter. The Fire is also available in Burnt Orange paint. Prices start at £9,595.
The Ice is geared more towards comfort. It gets air-conditioning, Alcantara and leather trim, an upgraded stereo with DAB, Bluetooth and a USB port. Prices start at £9,895.
The entry-level Aygo and Aygo+ retain the same specification as 2011 models.
All Toyota Aygo models are powered by a 1.0-litre VVT-i petrol engine that returns 65.7mpg and produces emissions of 99g/km. The 2012 Aygo is free from Road Tax and London Congestion Charge exempt.
First customer deliveries are due from early March.
To view the full Toyota range, visit CarBuyer's Toyota reviews page.


text:
|Apply | Register | Check Email | Use Online Tools
|About Delta
|Campus Life
|Courses & Programs
|Student Services
|Financial Aid, Scholarships & Veterans Services
|Summer Financial Aid
|Summer Awarding Policy
| In order to be considered for Summer Financial Aid you must have done the following (also see Summer Awarding Policy to the right.):
If you are not currently receiving financial aid at Delta College, you must:
If you are currently receiving financial aid at Delta College, contact your specialist AFTER you have registered for summer courses.
This page was last updated on
March 14, 2016
| The Federal Pell Grant is available during the summer. In order to receive aid a student must:
The Federal Pell Grant Program has an annual limit on the amount a student can receive during an academic year. You will be notified of your eligibility.
San Joaquin Delta College


text:
1 / 2530
Rice and daisies
Novara - Piemonte, Italy
As the sun was going down behind the mountains showing its spectacular rays, these daisies stood next to a rice field just being beautiful. Normally there's just weeds growing on the little dikes containing the water in the rice fields, but this looks really beautiful.
ricefieldsfarmlandItalyItaliaPiemontePiedmontNovaradaisiesdaisyflowersunsetgreenDavidKooijmandavidkooijman.photographyDavid Kooijman, from