text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 29, 2003
|Filing date
|May 28, 1999
|Priority date
|May 28, 1999
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Antero Taivalsaari
|Original Assignee
|Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Non-Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (45), Classifications (8), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates computer programs and, more specifically, to minimizing internal structures at program runtime.
Portions of the disclosure of this patent document may contain material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, Java and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International in the United States and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc.
2. Background Art
Computer systems comprise resources that are used to execute computer programs such as memory and processor (or processing) time. A computer program's code (or instruction set) is typically copied into the computer systems memory, or other storage, before it is executed thereby using processor time. In addition to the computer program's code, the computer system's storage may also be used to retain information about the state of the computer program during execution. This information adds additional overhead to the execution as it is necessary to allocate memory to store the information and to use other resources such as processor time to manage the information.
One example of program information that is stored during program execution are symbol, field and method tables. These tables are examples of internal structures that use space in memory during program execution. Further, processor time is used to maintain the information contained in the internal structures. It would be beneficial to be able to reduce the internal structures that are used during execution thereby reducing memory and processor time during program execution.
The problems associated with the use of internal structures during program execution can be better understood from a review of a virtual machine's processing environment and an overview of object-oriented programming.
Object-oriented programming is a method of creating computer programs by combining certain fundamental building blocks, and creating relationships among and between the building blocks. The building blocks in object-oriented programming systems are called "objects." A software application can be written using an object-oriented programming language whereby the program's functionality is implemented using these objects.
An object is a programming unit that groups together a data structure (one or more instance variables) and the operations (methods) that can use or affect that data. Thus, an object consists of data and one or more operations or procedures that can be performed on that data. The joining of data and operations into a unitary building block is called "encapsulation."
An object can be instructed to perform one of its methods when it receives a "message." A message is a command or instruction sent to the object to execute a certain method. A message consists of a method selection (e.g., method name) and a plurality of arguments. A message tells the receiving object what operations to perform.
One advantage of object-oriented programming is the way in which methods are invoked. When a message is sent to an object, it is not necessary for the message to instruct the object how to perform a certain method. It is only necessary to request that the object execute the method. This greatly simplifies program development.
Object-oriented programming languages are predominantly based on a "class" scheme. The class-based object-oriented programming scheme is generally described in Lieberman, "Using Prototypical Objects to Implement Shared Behavior in Object-Oriented Systems," OOPSLA 86 Proceedings, September 1986, pp. 214-223.
An object class provides a definition for an object which typically includes both variables and methods. An object class is used to create a particular object "instance." (The term "object" by itself is often used interchangeably to refer to a particular class or a particular instance.) An instance of an object class includes the variables and methods defined for the class. Multiple instances can be created from the same object class. Each instance that is created from the object class is said to be of the same type or class.
To illustrate, an employee object class can include "name" and "salary" instance variables and a "set_salary" method. Instances of the employee object class can be created, or instantiated for each employee in an organization. Each object instance is said to be of type "employee." Each employee object instance includes "name" and "salary" instance variables and the "set_salary" method. The values associated with the "name" and "salary" variables in each employee object instance contain the name and salary of an employee in the organization. A message can be sent to an employee's employee object instance to invoke the "set_salary" method to modify the employee's salary (i.e., the value associated with the "salary" variable in the employee's employee object).
A hierarchy of classes can be defined such that an object class definition has one or more subclasses. A subclass inherits its parent's (and grandparent's etc.) definition. Each subclass in the hierarchy may add to or modify the behavior specified by its parent class. Some object-oriented programming languages support multiple inheritance where a subclass may inherit a class definition from more than one parent class. Other programming languages support only single inheritance, where a subclass is limited to inheriting the class definition of only one parent class. The Java programming language also provides a mechanism known as an "interface" which comprises a set of constant and abstract method declarations. An object class can implement the abstract methods defined in an interface. Both single and multiple inheritance are available to an interface. That is, an interface can inherit an interface definition from more than one parent interface.
Object-oriented software applications (e.g., applications written using the Java programming language) typically comprise one or more object classes and interfaces. Many programming languages can be used to write a program which is compiled into machine-dependent (or platform-dependent), executable code. However, in other languages such as the Java programming language, program code (e.g., classes) may be compiled into platform-independent bytecode class files. Each class contains code and data in a platform-independent format. A bytecode includes a code that identifies an instruction (an opcode) and none or more operands to be used in executing the instruction. The computer system acting as the execution vehicle contains a program such as a virtual machine, which is responsible for executing the platform-independent code (e.g., bytecodes generated from a program written using the Java programming language).
Platform-independent programs have an advantage of being usable on multiple platforms. There is no need to develop program code for multiple platforms. The same platform-independent program can be executed on multiple platforms using a virtual machine or other mechanism that is configured to translate the platform-independent code into platform-dependent code. Thus, an application developer can develop one version of an application's program code that can ultimately be executed on multiple platforms, for example.
Applications may be designed as standalone applications, or as "applets" which are identified by an applet tag in an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) document, and loaded by a browser application. The class files associated with an application or applet may be stored on the local computing system, or on a server accessible over a network. Each class file is loaded into the virtual machine, as needed, by the "class loader."
The classes of an applet are loaded on demand from the network (stored on a server), or from a local file system, when first referenced during the applet's execution. The virtual machine locates and loads each class file, parses the class file format, allocates memory for the class's various components, and links the class with other already loaded classes. This process makes the code in the class readily executable by the virtual machine. Native code, e.g., in the form of a linked library, is loaded when a class file containing the associated native method is instantiated within the virtual machine.
FIG. 1 illustrates the development and runtime environments for a processing system. In the development environment, a software developer creates source files 100 written using a programming language such as the Java programming language, which contain the programmer readable class definitions, including data structures, method implementations and references to other classes. Class source files 100 are provided to compiler 101, which compiles class source files 100 into compiled ".class" (or class) files 102 that contain bytecodes executable by a virtual machine. Class files 102 are stored (e.g., in temporary or permanent storage) on a server, and are available for download over a network. Alternatively, class files 102 may be stored locally in a directory on the client platform.
The runtime environment contains a virtual machine (VM) 105 which is able to execute bytecode class files and execute native operating system ("O/S") calls to operating system 109 when necessary during execution. Virtual machine 105 provides a level of abstraction between the machine independence of the bytecode classes and the machine-dependent instruction set of the underlying computer hardware 110, as well as the platform-dependent calls of operating system 109.
Class loader and bytecode verifier ("class loader") 103 is responsible for loading bytecode class files 102 and supporting class libraries 104 into virtual machine 105 as needed. Class loader 103 also verifies the bytecodes of each class file to maintain proper execution and enforcement of security rules. Within the context of runtime system 108, either an interpreter 106 executes the bytecodes directly, or a "just-in-time" (JIT) compiler 107 translates the bytecodes into machine code, so that they can be executed by the processor (or processors) in hardware 110.
Linked library 111 can be, for example, a "shared object" library in the Solaris™ or UNIX environment that is written as a ".so" file, or linked library 111 may take the form of a dynamic linked (or loadable) library written as a ".dll" file in a Windows environment. Native code (e.g., in the form of linked library 111) is loaded when a class containing the associated native method is instantiated within the virtual machine, or by invoking a "load library" method, for example.
Interpreter 106 reads, interprets and executes a bytecode instruction before continuing on to the next instruction. JIT compiler 107 can translate multiple bytecode instructions into machine code that are then executed. Compiling the bytecodes prior to execution results in faster execution. If, for example, the same bytecode instruction is executed multiple times in a program's execution, it must be interpreted each time it is executed using interpreter 106. If JIT compiler 107 is used to compile the program, the bytecode instruction may be translated once regardless of the number of times it is executed in the program. Further, if the compilation (i.e., output of JIT compiler 107) is retained, there is no need to translate each instruction during program execution.
The runtime system 108 of virtual machine 105 supports a general stack architecture. The manner in which this general stack architecture is supported by the underlying hardware 110 is determined by the particular virtual machine implementation, and reflected in the way the bytecodes are interpreted or JIT-compiled.
FIG. 2 illustrates runtime data areas which support the stack architecture within runtime system 108. In FIG. 2, runtime data areas 200 comprise one or more thread-based data areas 207. Each thread-based data area 207 comprises a program counter register (PC REG) 208, a local variables pointer register (VARS REG) 209, a frame register (FRAME REG) 210, an operand stack pointer register (OPTOP REG) 211, a stack 212 and, optionally, a native method stack 216. Stack 212 comprises one or more frames 213 which contain an operand stack 214 and local variables 215. Native method stack 216 comprises one or more native method frames 217.
A virtual machine can support many threads of execution at once. At any point, each thread is executing the code of a single method, the "current method" for that thread. If the "current method" is not a native method, program counter register 208 contains the address of the virtual machine instruction currently being executed. If the "current method" is a native method, the value of program counter register 208 is undefined. Frame register 210 points to the location of the current execution frame (containing the method parameters and local variables) in the execution stack 212 of thread 1.
Runtime data areas 200 are located in heap 201. Heap 201 is the runtime data area from which memory for all classes, class instances and arrays is allocated. Heap 201 includes class area 202 which contains one or more class-based data areas 203 for storing information extracted from each loaded class file. For example, class-based data area 203 may comprise class structures such as constant pool 204, field and method data 205, and code for methods and constructors 206.
Constant pool 204, field and method data 205 and code for methods and constructors 206 are examples of internal structures that are stored in memory for a class when it is loaded into the runtime of the virtual machine. Class area 202 is created when virtual machine 105 initializes. When a new class is loaded, memory is allocated for the internal structures associated with the class (e.g., constant pool 204, field and method data 205 and code for methods and constructors 206).
Typically, only one internal class structure is created for an object class. However, in some circumstances, such as instantiating an array, more than one internal class structure is created. An array is a structure that contains none or more elements or components of the same type (e.g., integer, floating point, short, long, etc.). The component type is often referred to as the element type of the array. Thus, for example, where the array is comprised of components of type integer, the array is said to be an integer array. The element type of the array can also be an object (class) such as a BankAccount object (that includes properties and behavior for a bank account) or a Thread object (that includes properties and behavior for a thread). In this case, an array is associated with two object classes: an array object class and an element type class.
In object-oriented programming languages, all objects must be instances of some class. For instance, all bank account objects are typically instances of class "Account". The same is true also of arrays, i.e., they must be instances of classes too. Since arrays do not usually have any corresponding source-level class definition, an internal array class is created automatically by the system. The array class stores the information that is shared between all the array instances of the same type, including the element type information.
In general, each array instance in an object-oriented program is associated with two class structures: the internal array class storing the shared information between array instances, and the element type class defining the type of the elements that can be stored in the array. Since the element type is the same for all the arrays of the same type, the element type information is commonly stored in the array class. FIG. 3A provides an illustration of internal structures created for two different types of arrays.
For example, an array of "Accounts" results in the creation of internal class structure 303B for the array of Accounts object 306 and the creation of internal class structure 303A for the. "Account" element type object class 304 in memory area 302. Similarly, an array of "Threads" has two internal structures in memory area 302 (i.e., internal class structure 303C for the "Thread" element type object class and internal class structure 303D for the array of Threads).
The creation of the necessary internal structures for arrays usually takes place when an array is declared in program code. At that point, the element class will be loaded (if it has not already been loaded), the internal array class will be created, and an array instance referring to the array class is allocated.
It is important to notice that the role of an array object class is limited to such tasks as ensuring that there is no type mismatch (e.g., assigning data from an array of one type to an array of another type). In most programming languages, there is no ability to add new methods to the array object class. That is, the array object class cannot be modified to include functionality in addition to its type checking function. For this reason, the only really relevant information in array classes is the element type information. Otherwise, array classes are rather redundant structures.
FIG. 3B provides a more detailed illustration of the runtime state of a virtual machine as a result of an array instantiation. Memory is allocated to store the internal structures for array object class 322, parent object class 324 ( e.g., "java.lang.Object" in the Java programming language), element type class 326 and class representation class 328 (e.g., "java.lang.Class" in the Java programming language). Array instance 320 is created as an instance of array object class 322 which is created by VM 105. Array instance 320 includes a field, class pointer 330, that points to array object class 322. Array instance 320 may include a locking field that is used to synchronize write operations, for example. A length field 334 identifies the number of elements in array instance 320. Elements 336 represents the elements of the array. Elements 336 can contain pointers to instances of element type class 326 that contain the actual values of the array.
Array object class 322 includes a pointer 342 that identifies the element type for array instances that are instantiated from array object class 322. That is, pointer 342 identifies the element type of array instance 320. Note that in some implementations of the VM the reference to the element type class is not necessarily a physical pointer; rather, the name of the array class can be used to indirectly indicate the element type. This is because the name of the array class is always the same as the name of the element type, except that the name has been augmented with the prefix "[" (see Lindholm, T. & Yellin, F., The Java Virtual Machine Specification, Addison-Wesley 1996, p. 146). In addition, array object class 322 may contain two other pointers 338 and 340. Pointer 338 refers to the parent class 344 (e.g., the "java.lang.Object") that is the common superclass of all array classes in the Java programming language. Pointer 340 points to the class representation class 328 (e.g., "java.lang.Class"). All classes in the Java programming language, including the array classes, are instances of the class representation class. For example, element type class 326 and class representation class 328 are instances of, and contain pointers to (i.e., pointers 346 and 348), class representation class 328.
As explained earlier, the main role of the array classes in the Java programming language and many other object-oriented programming systems is to serve as placeholders for shared element type information. Unlike regular classes, array classes do not contain any method or variable definitions, and therefore their constant pools, method tables and field tables (see FIG. 3A) are typically empty. In general, except for their role in type checking, array classes are rather redundant. They add overhead to programs due to memory used and the time needed to allocate and deallocate memory, for example. Some application programs use a number of arrays with different element types, or multidimensional arrays (i.e., arrays of arrays), and in such situations a separate array class has to be created for each type of array.
Memory usage can be very critical if only a limited amount of memory is available. For example, an embedded system such as a smart card or a personal organizer device has a limited amount of memory. It would be beneficial to reduce the number of internal structures needed, thereby reducing memory and power consumption.
Embodiments of the invention comprise a method and apparatus for avoiding array object class creation in, for example, platform-independent virtual machines for object-oriented programming languages. Embodiments of the invention reduce the internal structures created for arrays at runtime, thereby reducing memory consumption.
Unlike in a traditional implementation, where a separate array class is created for each array of different type, in an embodiment of the invention the type information is stored in array instances instead. Array classes are not created at all. Rather, the root class of the class hierarchy (e.g., "java.lang.Object") is used as the class of each array instance. When an array instance is instantiated, a reference to the root class is created in the class field of the array instance and the type information is stored in the instance itself.
The type information contained in the array instance can be used to identify the type of the array. In an embodiment that uses an integer type value, the value either maps to a known type or an unknown type. Where an unknown type is indicated by the value that is retrieved from the array instance, a method is provided for accessing an element of the array to determine the type of the array instance.
In an embodiment that uses a reference type field, the type field can either contain an integer type value for known types, or a reference to an element type object where the type is an unknown type. A method is provided for accessing the type field to determine whether the type information is an integer type of an object reference.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of development and runtime environments.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the runtime data areas of an embodiment of a virtual machine.
FIG. 3A provides an illustration of internal structures created for two different types of arrays.
FIG. 3B provides a more detailed illustration of the runtime state of a Java virtual machine as a result of array instantiation.
FIG. 4 illustrates the use of an integer type value associated with an array instance according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 provides an example of a type retrieval process flow according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 provides an example of a type retrieval process flow using object references and type values according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a computer system capable of providing a suitable execution environment for an embodiment of the invention.
A method and apparatus for avoiding array object class creation is described. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough description of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the invention. For example, embodiments of the invention are described in the context of the Java programming language developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. of Palo Alto, Calif. However, the actual implementation is applicable to other object-oriented programming languages and virtual machines as well.
Embodiments of the invention reduce the internal structures in a virtual machine, thereby reducing the amount of memory and processing power required. In embodiments of the invention, an array is treated as an object-oriented object. As is typical in object-oriented programming languages, various different types of arrays can be created, and multiple instances of each array type can be instantiated.
Unlike in a traditional VM, where the virtual machine creates an internal array class for every different type of array, in embodiments of the invention internal array classes are not created at all. For this reason, the class pointer of each array instance will not refer to the internal array class. Rather, the class pointer of each array will contain reference to a root class (e.g., the "java.lang.Object"), the common parent class of all the arrays (and other object classes) in the Java programming language. The necessary element type information is stored in each array instance. This is different from a traditional VM implementation, where element type information is stored in the array class.
The element type information contained in the array instance can be used to identify the type of the array in order to perform type checking. Typically, a virtual machine such as the Java virtual machine includes special instructions to perform type checking. For example, the Java programming language includes "instanceof" and "checkcast" bytecodes that use type information to perform type checking of data.
In one embodiment of the invention, the type information stored in array instances is represented as a numeric integer value that maps to a type. The type can be, for example, one of the primitive data types such as character, floating point, double, byte, short, integer, long or boolean. An additional number is reserved to represent non-primitive object types defined by the application developer.
In an alterative embodiment, either a numeric value or an object reference is used to identify the element type of an array class instance. For example, a numeric value can be used in the type field of the array instance to specify an array that contains elements of a primitive type. An object reference (pointing to the element type class) can be used with an array containing elements of a non-primitive type.
FIG. 4 illustrates the use of an integer type value associated with an array instance according to an embodiment of the invention. Array instance 402 is an instance of an array object class that includes a class field 420 that points to parent object class 404 (e.g., the "java.lang.Object" object class). Further, array instance 402 includes type field 418 which contains an integer type value that identifies a datatype. In one embodiment of the invention, type field 418 is a 4-bit field. However, it should be apparent that type field 418 can be other sizes. For example, type field 418 can be a number, n, where 2n yields a result that is greater than or equal to the number of primitive types, and other types, that are to be specified in type field 418. Where "n" is four, type field 418 can store a value from one to sixteen, for example.
An array instance typically has a locking field 422 for use in synchronizing a write operation, etc. Type field 422 can be segregated to include both the locking information and type field 418. That is, 4 bits of the locking field 422 can be allocated to a type identifier, or value. While a portion of locking field 422 is used to store a type value, it should be apparent that another field may be used.
The following "Value Table" provides an example of integer type values according to an embodiment of the invention:
Object Reference
Boolean Array
Character Array
Float Array
Double Array
Byte Array
Short Array
Integer Array
Long Array
To illustrate, a value of "5" in type field 418 of array instance 402 indicates that it is a character array (i.e., an array of character elements, or compounds). If type field 418 of array instance 402 contains a value of "6," array instance 402 contains floating point elements. A value of "1" indicates that the array contains elements that are of a non-primitive datatype. That is, the value of "1" denotes a general (non-primitive) object array.
In an alternate embodiment of the invention, the type field is a field that contains a reference to an element type class. According to this embodiment, the type field is a multi-bit field. As a 32-bit, word-length field, for example, the type field can store a reference (e.g., a full class pointer) to array instance 402's element type object class (e.g., element type class 406). In one embodiment of the invention, if array instance 402 is an array of primitive type elements, the type field contains an integer type value (e.g., a value from the Value Table above) to identify array instance 402's type as one of the primitive types.
An object reference contained in type field 444 can be used to identify a non-primitive type where array instance 402 is a non-primitive datatype. For example, if array instance 402 is an array of threads, type field 444 can contain a reference to a thread element type class (e.g., the "java.lang.Thread" object class). It should be apparent that any form of reference or pointer can be used to identify an element type in type field 444. Further, the size of type field 444 can be varied to accommodate the specific pointer or reference that is used to identify the element type object.
In the Java programming language, array instance 402 of FIG. 4 can be declared such as in the following statement:
Thread myThreads [ ];
Previously, the above declaration resulted in a Java virtual machine (e.g., VM 105) creating an internal array class (e.g., array object class 322 of FIG. 3B) in addition to loading the other necessary classes (e.g., the element type class). The array class (e.g., array object class 322) was used to identify the type of the array which could be used in operations that use type information (e.g., instanceof and checkcast operations). According to one or more embodiments of the invention, array type information is stored in an array instance (e.g., array instance 402 of FIG. 4. There is no need to create an array class.
Various mechanisms can use the type information (e.g., type field 418 of FIG. 4) stored in the array instance. For example, in the Java programming language, an instanceof operator can be used to test the class of an object. The following is an example of a use of the instanceof operator involving an array, myIntegers:
result=myIntegers instanceof Integer
In this example, result contains the result of the instanceof operation. The type of myIntegers is compared to the type of Integer to determine whether the myIntegers array is of type Integer. If they are the same, result is equal to true, and is false otherwise.
Similarly, type information may be used to perform type checking. Type checking may be used to determine, whether one array can be set to another array's element values, for example. The checkcast bytecode is the Java programming language is an example of a type checking operation.
An array's type can be determined using type fields 418 and 444. In the instanceof example, if type field 418 contains a value of "10", result is equal to true. Similarly, if type field 444 contains a pointer to an Integer element type class, result is set to true.
Thus, element type information can be retrieved from array instances 402 and 442 to determine the type of the array. FIG. 5 provides an example of a type retrieval process flow according to an embodiment of the invention.
At step 502, a determination is made whether the instance is an array instance. If not (e.g., an instance of a non-array object class), processing continues at step 504 to obtain the type of the instance from a type/class field in the instance. For example, parent object class 404 and class representation class 408 can be used to retrieve an object's type. Parent object class 404 and class representation class 408 are, for example, the "java.lang.Object" and "java.lang.Class" object classes in the "java.lang" package available from Sun Microsystems, Inc. The "java.lang.Object" class includes a getclass ( ) method that returns a reference to the "java.lang.Object" class that represents the instance's class. A getName ( ) method of the "java.lang.Class" class returns the fully qualified name of the class represented by the "java.lang.Object" class.
If it is determined, at step 502, that the instance is an array instance, processing continues at, step 506 to retrieve the type value from the array instance's type field. For example, the value stored in type field 418 is retrieved at step 506. At step 508 a determination is made whether the type value retrieved designates a primitive type. If so, type retrieval processing ends. If not, processing continues at step 510.
As indicated in the Value Table above, a type value equal to "1" designates that the array is a non-primitive type (i.e., contains object references rather than primitive values). A value of "1" does not identify the specific non-primitive type. If the array contains elements, it may be possible to retrieve the type of an element of the array to determine the type of the array. Therefore, at step 510, a determination is made whether the array has elements. This can be determined, for example, by accessing elements 428 of array instance 442 which contains pointers to the object instances that contain the actual values of the array elements. At step 514, an array element's type can be determined from its object class representation (e.g., class representation class 408) of the element type class 406 instance as discussed above.
The process flow of FIG. 5 does not yield a type where type field 418 does not identify a specific type and array instance 402 has no elements. In the Value Table above, for example, non-primitive types are not individually delineated. It is possible, however, that Value Table can be expanded to include non-primitive types as well. Alternatively, it is possible to use type field 444 to accommodate both primitive and non-primitive types.
The type field can contain a reference to a non-primitive element type object class, for example. Where the array instance is an array of Threads, for example, the type field can contain a reference to the Thread object class (e.g., the "java.lang.Thread" object class). Where the array instance is an array of primitive types, the type field can contain a type value (e.g., as in the Value Table), or a reference to the primitive element type object class.
FIG. 6 provides an example of a type retrieval process flow using object references and type values according to an embodiment of the invention. At step 602, a determination is made whether the instance is an array instance. If not (i.e., the instance is a non-array object class instance), processing continues at step 604 to obtain the type of the instance from a type/class field in the instance such as is discussed above with reference to step 504.
If it is determined at step 602 that the instance is an array instance, processing continues at step 606 to obtain the contents of type field 444 from array instance 442. At step 606, a determination is made whether the type value is one of the values in the Value Table. If so, processing continues at step 608 to use the value to identify array instance 442 as being the type associated with the type value retrieved from field 444.
If the value retrieved from type field 444 is not one of the those contained in the Value Table, processing continues at step 610 to use the type value as a class reference (e.g., a reference to element type class 406). The getClass ( ) and getName ( ) methods can be used as discussed above to determine a type for element type class 406 thereby identifying the type of array instance 442.
An embodiment of the invention can be implemented as computer software in the form of computer readable code executed on a general purpose computer such as computer 700 illustrated in FIG. 7, or in the form of bytecode class files executable within a runtime environment running on such a computer, or in the form of bytecodes running on a processor (or devices enabled to process bytecodes) existing in a distributed environment (e.g., one or more processors on a network). A keyboard 710 and mouse 711 are coupled to a system bus 718. The keyboard and mouse are for introducing user input to the computer system and communicating that user input to processor 713. Other suitable input devices may be used in addition to, or in place of, the mouse 711 and keyboard 710. I/O (input/output) unit 719 coupled to system bus 718 represents such I/O elements as a printer, A/V (audio/video) I/O, etc.
Computer 700 includes a video memory 714, main memory 715 and mass storage 712, all coupled to system bus 718 along with keyboard 710, mouse 711 and processor 713. The mass storage 712 may include both fixed and removable media, such as magnetic, optical or magnetic optical storage systems or any other available mass storage technology. Bus 718 may contain, for example, thirty-two address lines for addressing video memory 714 or main memory 715. The system bus 718 also includes, for example, a 64-bit data bus for transferring data between and among the components, such as processor 713, main memory 715, video memory 714 and mass storage 712. Alternatively, multiplex data/address lines may be used instead of separate data and address lines.
In one embodiment of the invention, the processor 713 is a SPARC microprocessor from Sun Microsystems, Inc., a microprocessor manufactured by Motorola such as the 680X0 processor, or a microprocessor manufactured by Intel such as the 80X86 or Pentium processor. However, any other suitable microprocessor or microcomputer may be utilized. Main memory 715 is comprised of dynamic random access memory (DRAM). Video memory 714 is a dual-ported video random access memory. One port of the video memory 714 is coupled to video amplifier 716. The video amplifier 716 is used to drive the cathode ray tube (CRT) raster monitor 717. Video amplifier 716 is well known in the art and may be implemented by any suitable apparatus. This circuitry converts pixel data stored in video memory 714 to a raster signal suitable for use by monitor 717. Monitor 717 is a type of monitor suitable for displaying graphic images. Alternatively, the video memory could be used to drive a flat panel or liquid crystal display (LCD), or any other suitable data presentation device.
Computer 700 may also include a communication interface 720 coupled to bus 718. Communication interface 720 provides a two-way data communication coupling via a network link 721 to a local network 722. For example, if communication interface 720 is an integrated services digital network (ISDN) card or a modem, communication interface 720 provides a data communication connection to the corresponding type of telephone line, which comprises part of network link 721. If communication interface 720 is a local area network (LAN) card, communication interface 720 provides a data communication connection via network link 721 to a compatible LAN. Communication interface 720 could also be a cable modem or wireless interface. In any such implementation, communication interface 720 sends and receives electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals which carry digital data streams representing various types of information.
Network link 721 typically provides data communication through one or more networks to other data devices. For example, network link 721 may provide a connection through local network 722 to local server computer 723 or to data equipment operated by an Internet Service Provider (ISP) 724. ISP 724 in turn provides data communication services through the world wide packet data communication network now commonly referred to as the "Internet" 725. Local network 722 and Internet 725 both use electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals which carry digital data streams. The signals through the various networks and the signals on network link 721 and through communication interface 720, which carry the digital data to and from computer 700, are exemplary forms of carrier waves transporting the information.
Computer 700 can send messages and receive data, including program code, through the network(s), network link 721, and communication interface 720. In the Internet example, remote server computer 726 might transmit a requested code for an application program through Internet 725, ISP 724, local network 722 and communication interface 720.
The received code may be executed by processor 713 as it is received, and/or stored in mass storage 712, or other non-volatile storage for later execution. In this manner, computer 700 may obtain application code in the form of a carrier wave. In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, examples of such downloaded applications include a method and apparatus for avoiding array object class creation described herein.
Application code may be embodied in any form of computer program product. A computer program product comprises a medium configured to store or transport computer readable code or data, or in which computer readable code or data may be embedded. Some examples of computer program products are CD-ROM disks, ROM cards, floppy disks, magnetic tapes, computer hard drives, servers on a network, and carrier waves.
The computer systems described above are for purposes of example only. An embodiment of the invention may be implemented in any type of computer system or programming or processing environment, including embedded devices (e.g., web phones, etc.) and "thin" client processing environments (e.g., network computers (NC's), etc.) that support a virtual machine.
Thus, a method and apparatus for avoiding array object class creation has been described in conjunction with one or more specific embodiments. The invention is defined by the claims and their full scope of equivalents.
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|U.S. Classification
|709/1, 717/118, 717/116, 709/316
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 28, 1999
Owner name: SUN MICROSYSTEMS, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:TAIVALSAARI, ANTERO;REEL/FRAME:010003/0920
Effective date: 19990209
|Oct 6, 2006
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Sep 30, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Oct 2, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12
|Dec 12, 2015
Owner name: ORACLE AMERICA, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: MERGER AND CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNORS:ORACLE USA, INC.;SUN MICROSYSTEMS, INC.;ORACLE AMERICA, INC.;REEL/FRAME:037278/0692
Effective date: 20100212


text:
Yvonne A M Smith Charitable Trust Post-Graduate Scholarship for Women
On 9 April 2016, after 26 years in one location, we moved to new offices at Level 5, 12 Viaduct Harbour Avenue. The new offices offer a more collaborative environment from which to operate, and away from the growing disruption being caused by the numerous building and construction projects happening on and adjacent to the Albert Street ridge.
Disclaimer: The articles and other items contained on the Fortune Manning website are prepared for the general information of Fortune Manning's clients. While the items direct attention to and comment on aspects of law, they are not intended to provide legal advice in the area. Professional advice should be sought from your lawyer before acting on any information conveyed on our website.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
login with
negative test , but pregnant
Has anyone experienced this before ? Because before anyone could believe i had to get an ultra sound and i always knew i was pregnant.
no, but I've read about this happening to other women. in their situation, their HcG levels weren't high enough to be detected in the home pregnancy tests.
It hasn't happened to me but I've heard it happens.
i had it happen to me 3 times with my almost 5 yr old and the last two were taken just about 3 months before she was born.
Moms also like
9Best thing after having my baby
8Recovering after a baby loss
About Veronica Hill
Current: Houston, Texas
Birth: May 18
On Moms.com since: Jun 3, 2014
Heart of a hu$tler mind of a G!
All Recent Veronica's Posts


text:
Wildcats in 11th at Betsy Rawls Invitational
Wildcats in 11th at Betsy Rawls Invitational
AUSTIN, Texas – The Kansas State women's golf will enter the final round of the fall season in 11th place after carding a 24-over par 600 on the first day of the Betsy Rawls Longhorn Invitational at the par-72, 6,298-yard University of Texas Golf Club on Monday. The Wildcats were able to bounce back from an 18-over par first round with a 6-over par 294 in round two.
"We hope to build on a better second round," K-State head coach Kristi Knight said. "The conditions were good for scoring, but we were unable to take advantage in round one. I'm proud of the response in round two, and we can finish strong tomorrow."
Junior Madison Talley carded a 4-over par 148 for the day and sits tied for 28th. The junior improved 17 spots on the leader board with a second-round score of 1-under par 71. Making her first-career appearance in the scoring lineup, freshman Chloe Weir is one shot back of Talley at 5-over par 149 and is tied for 36th entering the final round.
Junior Katherine Gravel-Coursol is tied for 39th at 6-over par 150, while sophomore Connie Jaffrey finished the day in 48th at 9-over par 153. Rounding out the scoring lineup is senior Scotland Preston, who is in 63rd at 12-over par 156.
Kent State leads the team competition with a score of 1-under par 575, three shots ahead of second-place UNLV. The Golden Eagles are led by Taylor Kim, who is tied for first after a 3-under par 141 first-day performance.
The final round of the Betsy Rawls Longhorn Invitational will begin at 8:30 a.m., on Tuesday. Live stats can be followed on www.golfstat.com and final results will be posted on www.kstatesports.com following the conclusion of the event.
Betsy Rawls Longhorn Invitational
Austin, Texas
Par 72/6,298 Yards
University of Texas Golf Club
Team Scores: 1.Kent State, 283-292—575 (-1); T2. UNLV, 287-289—576 (E); T2. Texas Tech, 284-292—576 (E); 4. Texas, 296-287—583 (+7); 5. New Mexico, 298-289—587 (+11); 6. Texas State, 290-298—588 (+12); 7. SMU, 293-297—590 (+14); 8. Miami, 291-300—591 (+15); 9. Houston, 301-295—596 (+20); 10. UTSA, 304-293—597 (+21); 11. Kansas State, 306-294—600 (+24); 12. Oklahoma, 305-296—601 (+25); 13. North Florida, 303-301—604 (+28); 14. Tulsa, 309-315—624 (+48).
Top Individuals: T1. Taylor Kim, Kent State, 68-73—141 (-3); T1. Julie Houston, UTSA, 71-70—141 (-3); T1. Elizabeth Prior, UNLV, 70-71—141 (-3); 4. Gabby Barker, Texas Tech, 70-72—142 (-2); 5. Tezira Abe, Texas, 73-70—143 (-1).
K-State Individuals: T28. Madison Talley, 77-71—148 (+4); T36. Chloe Weir, 77-72—149 (+5); T39. Katherine Gravel-Coursol, 75-75—150 (+6); T48. Connie Jaffrey, 77-76—153 (+9); 63. Scotland Preston, 79-77—156 (+12).


text:
Silver Necklace with Indian and Arrow Charms Jewelry By by Jewelry By Luet and Co
This Silver Necklace with Indian Head and Arrow Charms is great for casual wear. You may want one for yourself or for a gift! We offer free standard shipping within the United States and free gift wrapping! Jewelry By Luet and Co wants to make your shopping experience pleasant and efficient!
One of a Kind Arrowhead Ring in Plated Sterling Silver.Tags: accessories, jewelry, rings, arrowhead, Shiva RoseAdded 6 Years Ago from Roseark


text:
Propellerhead Reason 9 Upgrade
Steinberg Cubase Artist 9, Education
Cakewalk Sonar Platinum - Education (Boxed)
Cakewalk Sonar X1 Production Suite - DAW Software
- Description
- Additional Information
Cakewalk Sonar X1 Production Suite - DAW Software Product Description
Cakewalk SONAR X1 Production Suite includes the best of Cakewalk's professional production tools, which includes SONAR X1 Producer, SONAR X1 Producer Expanded, PC4K S-Type Expander / Gate ProChannel Module, and Z3TA+ 2 waveshaping synthesizer. SONAR X1 Production Suite is now available at select music retailers worldwide.
SONAR X1 Producer has everything needed to deliver the polished, "radio-ready" recordings that are expected in today's music industry – all in one box. Included are all of SONAR's cutting edge music creation tools plus an unparalleled collection of world-class instruments and effects. From the innovative Skylight interface to the legendary, "big-studio" sound of the ProChannel console strip, SONAR X1 Producer is the ideal choice for anyone serious about music production.
SONAR X1 Producer Expanded takes SONAR X1 Producer even further with exciting new production tools and delivery options. Includes custom ProChannel strips, Saturation Knob module by Softube, Music XML, SoundCloud export, FX Chains 2.0, and more.
The PC4K S-Type Expander / Gate Module is expertly crafted by the Cakewalk DSP team and rounds out our legendary, vintage-style, ProChannel modeling. The PC4K S-Type Expander / Gate Module features a classic design providing gate function to remove unwanted sound from a signal and upward expansion, employed by countless engineers to expand the dynamics of vocals and instruments.
The legendary waveshaping sound of Z3TA+ (zay'-ta) is back – and better than ever. New filters, modulatable waveshapers, flexible effects, expressive control and a gorgeous new interface make Z3TA+ 2 one seriously powerful synth. It's not often that a soft synth can be called a classic, but in the case of Z3TA+ it's definitely appropriate. Used on countless tracks over the past decade, Z3TA+'s distinctive sound has been a staple of electronic artists the world over.
Cakewalk Sonar X1 Production Suite - DAW Software Additional Information
|Supported Format
|Stand-Alone, VST, Audio Units, RTAS


text:
Would you love a part-time job working with inspiring kids who experience disabilities?
We're currently seeking several new Children's Support Professional positions. These are great jobs for students or people with busy lives because in most cases the hours are flexible.
As a Children's Support Professional, you will work in the family's home, helping each kid to live fun and fulfilling lives, and giving their parents a much-needed break.
Learn more here: united-cerebral-palsy-of-oregon-sw-washington.workable.com/.
As you may know, UCP is often called a "one stop shop" for adults who experience developmental disabilities because we operate an adult support services brokerage, adult employment services, adult inclusive recreation, and adult independent living services.
Now, UCP is excited to announce that we are expanding our supports to include in-home services for children who experience developmental disabilities and are funded through the K Plan.
To get our new Children's Services off the ground, UCP is hiring a Children's Supports Manager.
The Children's Services Manager will be reponsible for evaluating and monitoring service needs, analyzing administrative rules and developing compliant policies, marketing the new service, managing contracts, hiring and managing direct support employees, liaising with families, and providing quality assurance.
To find out more about this exciting new position, go here.


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Scholarships for Law Students to Study in India or Abroad
Gone are the days when being a lawyer was simply about arguing in court over a petty issue and providing legal service to its client. Over the years legal profession in India has undergone drastic changes due to globalization, and liberalization which gave birth to new economic and social order. Nowadays, you may spot "men in black coat" rendering their services almost everywhere ranging from corporate houses to administrative departments, from law firms to law agencies, from KPO to LPO and from movies to sports besides their traditional work place courtroom. According to Bar council of India(BCI) there are "approximately" 1.2 million lawyers providing their services in various capacities plus "approximately" 4 lacs to 5 lacs studying law at this very moment, churning out 6 to 7 thousand law graduates every year. Thanks to booming law schools and law universities and different law scholarships offered by them to attract high caliber students.
List of Online Scholarships for Commerce Students
Commerce study is very popular among college students as it throw open wide arena of carrier options to pursue, these lucrative carrier option will not only equipped you with sound knowledge of accounting and finance but will also helped you to reach at the apex of your carrier ladder. We are all familiar with former RBI Governor Dr. Rangarajan, Pepsi Co Chairman Indira Nooyi, Steel Tycoon Laxmi Niwas Mittal and our present finance minister Mr. Arun Jaitley who reached the pinnacle of success in their respective field. All these people had one thing in common- they all are commerce graduates and few of them even studied on scholarships. Commerce scholarship plays an important role in shaping and moulding students career. Scholarships for Commerce Students not only lighten some of the financial burden of underprivileged students but also serve as great morale booster for academically bright students who looking for some kind of recognition and public appreciation.
Find College Students Scholarships Online
In India college degree has long been considered as a gateway to better future, not just in terms of monetary gains but also in terms of better quality of life. College education equipped you with both knowledge and technical skills that you need to succeed in today's professional life. However, College degree especially professional degrees such as Engineering, Medicine or Management comes with high price tag and many Indians feel that pursuing professional courses are almost out of their reach. Few students somehow manage to complete their education on borrowed money or loans while others who are reluctant to borrow have no other option than to forgo costly college education. Here comes the role of scholarships for college students. College scholarships not only alleviate some of the financial strain associated with college education but also let you focus on your studies. Continue Reading
List of Scholarships for MBA Students
In today's corporate world MBA degree is the sure shot way to accelerate your carrier success. A post graduate degree in management will equipped you with both hard and soft skill that are essential for climbing up the corporate ladder. Besides this MBA degree will also let you earn salary that you have always dreamed of. But unfortunately MBA degree comes with price tag that often prohibits students from low-income group from taking up this career option. That's where scholarship for MBA students comes in handy. MBA scholarships not only alleviate some of the financial strain associated with costly management education but will also boost your self-esteem. Continue Reading


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I've been saying I've wanted to come back to blogging and before school started, I had no time to sit down with my macbook long enough to focus on a post. I still don't have much time for myself, but I plan on making time during breaks between classes to work on blogging.
Lately, I've been really fed up with people making me feel bad for not having time to spend with them. I don't even have time for myself. "If you wanted to hang out, you'd make time." Really? I'm pretty sure I can't add more hours to the day. I'm over feeling like I'm a bad person because I work too much and go to school more than full-time. And honestly, I've been pretty numb towards the people who have been acting this way towards me.
I think that's what I miss the most about blogging. I can completely slack on blogging and when I show up, I have people who are actually excited to read a post. Thank you so much if you're one of those people.
Also, if you watch The Voice you may have heard the voice I've been obsessed with for years. I was beyond excited to watch him on the premiere.. they saved the best for last!


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Canton House
See more articles from Canton House Restaurant
Canton House Restaurant serves up exquisite Cantonese cuisine to loyal patrons on a daily basis. Located in the heart of Chinatown, this well-known eatery offers close to 40 varieties of dim sum favorites, including spare ribs, shrimp with chives dumpling, spring rolls and more. Canton House is located on 162 N. Hotel St. and is open daily from 7 a.m. to 4 p.m. Call 521-3788.
Canton House Restaurant
- Where
- 162 North Hotel Street
- Honolulu, HI 96817
- Call
- (808) 521-3788
- Hours
- Open daily
- 7 a.m. – 4 p.m.


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Learn more »
Marvel ML24WDP4LP
24 Inch Built-In Dual Zone Wine Cooler with 40 Bottle Capacity, Left Hinge, Glass Door, 6 Extension Wine Racks, Digital Control, LED Light, Compressor Cooling, Vibration-Free, Star K Certified, Close Door Assist System� in Panel Ready Solid
Quick Specs: View More
- Width: 23.875"
- Height: 35"
- Depth: 22.875"
- Type: Built-In
- Total Capacity: 4.9 cu. ft.
- Bottle Capacity: 40
- Hinge Side: Left
- Field Reversible Doors: Yes
- Rack Type: Extension
- Number of Wine Racks: 6
- Control Type: Digital
- Sabbath Mode: Yes
- Defrost Type: Automatic
- Cooling System: Compressor
- LED Interior Light: Yes
- Vibration-Free: Yes
- Star K Certified
- Close Door Assist System�
Enter zip code for delivery ETA and promotions:go
ML24WDP4LP 24" dual zone wine refrigerator is the perfect product to buy for you wine bottles. It comes with a dynamic cooling system that delivers the industry best temperature stability and rapid cool down. This refrigerator has a capacity of 4.9 cu. ft. that can hold up to 40 bottle of wines. It also have a vacation mode that help you converse energy when the unit was no in use. Available at AppliancesConnection
Dynamic Cooling Technology™
Delivers the industry's best temperature stability and rapid cool down, safely bringing wine to temperature without compromising integrity
Vibration Neutralization System™
Protects wine from agitation, allowing it to come to full maturation
Thermal-Efficient Cabinet
Ensures optimum wine preservation and energy efficiency while maximizing capacity
UV-resistant tinted dual pane glass door protects contents from damaging ultraviolet light
Quiet Operation
Exclusive design enhancements to buffer and minimize sound
Multifunction Marvel Intuit™
Integrated Controls allow you to select a precise cabinet temperature from 40° F to 65° F
Vacation Mode
Conserves energy during times when unit is not in use
Close Door Assist System™
Gently and automatically draws door to a close, ensuring door is never accidentally left ajar
4.9 cu. ft. Capacity
Stores 40 bottles of wine: upper zone includes (3) 8-bottle roller-glide wine racks and lower zone includes (1) 8-bottle roller-glide wine rack and (2) 4-bottle half-depth roller-glide wine racks
Dual Zone
Two independently-controlled temperature compartments offer dual options for storing and serving: the top between 55° F and 62° F and the bottom between 45° F and 55° F
|Color Class:
|Panel Ready
|Field Reversible Doors:
|Accepts Custom Panels:
|Bottle Capacity:
|Total Capacity:
|4.9 cu. ft.
|Cabinet Color:
|Number of Doors:
|Number of Wine Racks:
|Rack Type:
|Rack Options:
|Slide Out
|Number of Zones:
|Control Type:
|Defrost Type:
|Sabbath Mode:
|Made in America:
|Exterior Width:
|Cutout Width:
|Cutout Depth:
|Cutout Height:
|Depth with Door at 90 Degrees:
|Electrical Requirements
|120 Volts
|60 Hz.
|15 Amps
|Limited 1 Year of Parts and Labor, 5 Years of Sealed System Parts
Soft Close Hinge
Designed for zero clearance installations with soft-close integration hinge and overlay options.
Close Door Assist System�
Gently and automatically closes door
LED Lighting
Comes with bright LED lighting to illuminate your collection.
Vibration Neutralization System�
Protects your wine from agitation, letting them age properly for the best taste.
LED Lighting
LED Lighting gently brightens up the interior of your refrigerator so you`re able to quickly spot what you want. Its sleek design saves more space than traditional incandescent light bulbs and leaves more room for groceries.
Reversible Door Hinge
Zero Obstructions. Zero Hassle. Maximize convenience during the installation process with the innovative field reversible door.
Dynamic Cooling Technology�
Dynamic Cooling Technology� delivers rapid cool down and the industry�s best temperature stability. The distinctive Marvel design features a thermal-efficient cabinet and door combined with Dynamic Cooling Technology� for superior temperature stability.
Made in USA
Providing thousands of jobs that support our families and communities of America. Domestically manufactured products bring you the ultimate assurance that what you`re getting is first-rate quality. So rest assured, knowing that you have the undisputed best.
Star K Certified
This appliance is Star K Certified
4803 6 Bottle Portable Wine Bar
$16.99Qty: Add to Cart Free Shipping
PPV-13 Professional Wine Preservation Set, Rosewood Box
$59.99Qty: Add to Cart Free Shipping
10 Year Major Component Warranty
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- Brand:Marvel
- Stock Id:811727
- Product Number:ML24WDP4LP
- Type:Built-In
- Color:Panel Ready Solid
- Undercounter:Yes
- Size:Compact
- Cabinet Color:Black
- Doors:Glass
- Number of Doors:1
- Door Color:Panel Ready
- Panel Ready:Yes
- Number of Wine Racks:6
- Rack Type:Extension
- Rack Options:Slide Out
- Number of Zones:Dual
- Control Type:Digital
- Total Capacity:4.9 cu. ft.
- Bottle Capacity:40
- Cooling System:Compressor
- Approved for Outdoor Use:No
- UV Protection:No
- Defrost Type:Automatic
- Field Reversible Doors:Yes
- Hinge Side:Left
- Lock:No
- LED Interior Light:Yes
- Vibration-Free:Yes
- Humidity Control:No
- Self Closing Door:Yes
- Sabbath Mode:Yes
- Star K Certified:Yes
- Close Door Assist System�:Yes
- Energy Star:No
- Volts:120 Volts
- Amps:15 Amps
- Accepts Custom Panels:Yes
- Frequency:60 Hz.
- Warranty Terms:Limited 1 Year of Parts and Labor, 5 Years of Sealed System Parts
- UL Approved:No
- Depth with Door at 90 Degrees:46.5"
- Made in America:Yes
- ETL Approved:No
- Approved for Outdoor:No
- Weight:160.00 lbs
Technical Details
- Cutout Width:24"
- Cutout Height:35.25"
- Cutout Depth:24"
- Width:23.875"
- Height:35"
- Depth:22.875"
- Exterior Width:24"


text:
What's a neat tip you've learned for the summer (for guys or girls)?
Hair: For "Taylor Swift" type waves I usually twist a strand of my hair between my fingers and swirl the strand into a bun. Leave it for around an hour and it looks nice. You can use holding spray and non-alcohol based gel to keep the look. The tighter the strand and tighter the curl.
Most Helpful Girl
I like to use crushed aspirin or baking soda as a facial scrub after I have washed my face, about 1-2x a week. Cheap, affordable and simple because they're both accessible and gentle for the most part. To top it off, they can each be used as a mask https://www.YouTube.com/watch?v=Q-Hksg8B4cQ
I'm sure there are vids for baking soda mask, but it's simple. Same as the aspirin mask. Cleanse skin, turn into a paste, apply and leave on for 10-20 minutes.
Hair reconstructors such as apHogee 2 minute keratin reconstructor or Ion reconstructor are a great way to keep hair strong if breakage is a problem. Buying the packets is convenient for those who want to sample it or who aren't going to use them often
Also, for curly or african American hair, I recommend using sulfate and petrochemical free shampoos and conditioners as well as using natural oils such as EVOO, extra virgin coconut oil(my favorite), Amla oil, sweet almond oil, as a leave in conditioner instead of store bought leave in conditioners which often contain alcohol and other drying chemicals.00|00|0


text:
You know a designer has your number when you see her new line and think: wow. we have never seen anything so gorgeous before. Chantal Thomass's new Secret d'Alcove underwire bra has all of the trappings of classic pieces we love: perfect plunge balcony silhouette, light corseted boning in the band, leavers lace detailing, tiny bows, the glorious play of blush and black, of silk on lace… but somehow it all conspires to transcend, to an epiphany of that truly a-ha! stunning moment. That's something you can't plan and we think just might be the actual definition of sexy.
- 2-part cup
- Partially-adjustable straps
- French lace over pleated tulle
- Side stays
- Pleated straps and bows
Fit Notes
- Bra Sizing - Euro
- Medium Support


text:
Karen Quatromoni
Industrial Internet Consortium
+1-781-444-0404 x146
[email protected]
The Industrial Internet Consortium Hosts Smart Factory Forum
NEEDHAM, MA – November 28, 2016 – The Industrial Internet Consortium® (IIC), the global, member-supported organization that promotes the accelerated growth of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), will host the Smart Factory Forum, a public forum to discuss challenges and best practices for implementing IIoT solutions within smart factories.
WHEN: December 7, 2016; 9:00am to 12:30pm
WHERE: The Loews Coronado Bay Hotel in Coronado, CA
COST: Complimentary; Pre-registration required; Register
CONTACT: [email protected]
The forum will feature keynote speakers from Bosch, Nestlé, Boeing and General Mills who will share how they are using the industrial Internet for manufacturing solutions within their own organizations. There will also be a one-hour panel session discussing how to apply the IIC's Industrial Internet Security Framework to the unique security challenges in smart factories.
About Industrial Internet Consortium
The Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC) is a global, member-supported, organization that promotes the accelerated growth of the Industrial Internet of Things by coordinating ecosystem initiatives to securely connect, control and integrate assets and systems of assets with people, processes and data using common architectures, interoperability and open standards to deliver transformational business and societal outcomes across industries and public infrastructure. The Industrial Internet Consortium is managed by the Object Management Group (OMG). For more information visit www.iiconsortium.org.
Note to editors: Industrial Internet Consortium is a registered trademark of OMG. For a listing of all OMG trademarks, visit http://www.omg.org/legal/tm_list.htm. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.


text:
I ran across some cupcakes here on CC that had sugared edges with the buttercream on top. Anyone know how to get that look? I would assume I wouldn't want to lightly frost than dip the cupcake into the sugar than top with frosting because the frosting wont stick to the sugar correct? I PMd the person who made the cupcakes but just figured I would get a quicker response if I posted here.
here is a pic of the cupcakes i'm looking at
These look like the WILTON sugar Sprinkles that have a coloring on them. I know that I have used them, just looked in my cabinet and that's what they are. I think they may come in colors already don't remember but the ones I have are white and I colored them so HTH.
i'm not asking what they are.. i'm asking how she did it. cause you dont want to sugar the whole cupcake before putting on the buttercream frosting because the frosting wont attach to the sugar so would i just roll the outsides of the cupcake leaving the middle open for the frosting?
I'm going to toss out a couple of guesses:
1. Roll the edge of the cuppie in the sprinkles while it is still a little warm so the sprinkles have something to stick to.
2. Brush the edge w/a little piping gel before you roll the edge in sprinkles.
I would put the sprinkles in a pie plate so you can roll the cuppie edge along through the sprinkles and keep the center clean.
Just from the observation, it looks like she dipped the whole top in sugar and then topped with the buttercream swirl. Not having done it before, I'm wondering why you think the icing won't 'stick' to the sugared top?
Here's my guess.
Cover the edges only in buttercream and dip them in sugar. Then use a star tip starting in the center working your way out. As long as the center of the cupcake is clean (no sugar) the buttercream should stick. And it seems quicker to do it this way rather than coating the entire cupcake in sugar first.
ok that's what i was thinking. thanks everyone!!!


text:
This is a great peek behind the curtain of ESPN. The Verge delivers a 7 minute documentary of what it's like to be ESPN, at a time when news and information is changing rapidly.
This is what The Verge does so well. Video. I hate their articles, but love their videos. Such a weird relationship we have here.


text:
- LIBERTY MEDIA STARZ GROUP has improved earnings per share by 25.0% in the most recent quarter compared to the same quarter a year ago. The company has demonstrated a pattern of positive earnings per share growth over the past year. We feel that this trend should continue. During the past fiscal year, LIBERTY MEDIA STARZ GROUP increased its bottom line by earning $3.99 versus $0.22 in the prior year. This year, the market expects an improvement in earnings ($4.65 versus $3.99).
- The net income growth from the same quarter one year ago has exceeded that of the S&P 500 and greatly outperformed compared to the Media industry average. The net income increased by 27.1% when compared to the same quarter one year prior, rising from $48.00 million to $61.00 million.
- Despite its growing revenue, the company underperformed as compared with the industry average of 22.8%. Since the same quarter one year prior, revenues rose by 21.9%. Growth in the company's revenue appears to have helped boost the earnings per share.
- LSTZA's debt-to-equity ratio is very low at 0.02 and is currently below that of the industry average, implying that there has been very successful management of debt levels. Along with this, the company maintains a quick ratio of 10.18, which clearly demonstrates the ability to cover short-term cash needs.
- 41.90% is the gross profit margin for LIBERTY MEDIA STARZ GROUP which we consider to be strong. It has increased from the same quarter the previous year. Along with this, the net profit margin of 15.70% is above that of the industry average.
NEW YORK ( TheStreet) -- Liberty Media Corp. Interactive Shs (Nasdaq: LSTZA) has been upgraded by TheStreet Ratings from hold to buy. The company's strengths can be seen in multiple areas, such as its impressive record of earnings per share growth, increase in net income, robust revenue growth, largely solid financial position with reasonable debt levels by most measures and expanding profit margins. We feel these strengths outweigh the fact that the company has had somewhat disappointing return on equity. Highlights from the ratings report include:


text: CSP Inc. (NASDAQ: CSPI), a provider of IT solutions, systems integration services and dense cluster computing systems, today reported financial results for the third quarter of fiscal 2012 ended June 30, 2012. For the third quarter of fiscal 2012, total sales increased 19% to $22.4 million from $18.8 million for the third quarter of 2011. For the nine-month period, sales grew 10% to $62.5 million from $57 million in the year-earlier period. Gross margin for the third quarter of fiscal 2012 increased to 23% compared with 19% in the third quarter a year ago. The year-over-year increase in gross margin was the result of greater Systems segment royalty revenue. Gross margin increased to 24% in the first nine months of fiscal 2012 from 22% in the same period of fiscal 2011. Net income for the third quarter of fiscal 2012 increased to $758,000, or $0.22 per diluted share, compared with a net loss of $211,000, or $0.06 per share, in the third quarter of fiscal 2011. For the nine-month period, net income grew 264% to $1.6 million, or $0.48 per diluted share, from $455,000, or $0.13 per diluted share, in the same period in fiscal 2011. Cash and short-term investments increased to $18 million compared with $15.9 million at year end fiscal 2011. The increase was due to higher net income, an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses, higher deferred revenue, and a decrease in inventory and depreciation and amortization. This was partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable, an increase in other assets and prepaid items, the purchase of PP&E, the dividend payment and the negative effect of foreign exchange. CSP's cash position may vary significantly from quarter to quarter due to the high working capital requirements needed to fund large projects at both its Systems and its Services and Systems Integration segments. Management Comments "We performed well again in the third quarter of fiscal 2012, reporting 19% growth in revenues, a 400 basis point increase in gross margins and net income per diluted share of $0.22 compared with a loss in the third quarter last year," said CSP Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Alexander R. Lupinetti. "Our top line was driven by a 120% increase in sales at the Systems segment and 10% growth at Service and Systems Integration."


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Asked by Dorthy, South Carolina • Wed Feb 4, 2009
or is it considered part of the house?
Real Estate in Aiken
4 br 2 ba
4 br 3 ba
4 br 2½ ba
Popular Categories in Aiken
Email me when…
Success! Your email alert settings have been saved. Access all your email alerts in your My Trulia account anytime!


text:
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text:
Labour's wafer-thin council majority on CWaC will be put to the test in a critical by-election today.
The ward result will have even greater significance in the light of this week's General Election announcement, with the Chester Parliamentary seat being the top Tory target as the Labour constituency with the narrowest majority nationwide.
Voters in Blacon will be going to the polls to elect a successor to Labour's Reggie Jones who is standing down after serving the community for more than a quarter of a century.
Labour took control of CWaC in 2015 on the same day as the General Election, ousting the Tories who had controlled the local authority since its inception.
But Labour only has a two-seat majority over the Conservatives and a Tory victory would place the parties at neck and neck, with an Independent councillor holding the balance of power on the 75-member council.
Blacon is a three-councillor Labour stronghold and party members have visited 7,000 homes in support of their new candidate, former CWaC member Ben Powell. He's been proposed by Reggie Jones as his successor.
Other candidates include Steve Ingram who is standing as an Independent after previously standing as a Ukip candidate when the last CWaC elections.
Conservative candidate Jack Jackson also stood in Blacon in 2015 while the Liberal Democrat candidate is Lizzie Jewkes, a former City of Chester constituency Parliamentary candidate'.
Candidates for the Blacon Ward by-election today are:
l Steve Ingram (Independent), of Treborth Road, Blacon.
l Jack Jackson (Conservative), of Wenlock Way, Chester.
l Lizzie Jewkes (Liberal Democrat), of Bedford Avenue, Ellesmere Port.
l Ben Powell (Labour), of Hartington Street, Handbridge.
Blacon Ward election results for three seats in May 2015 were:
*Reggie Jones (Lab) 3,579, *Marie Nelson (Lab) 3,349, *Carol Gahan (Lab) 3,119, Christian Dunn (Con) 1,109, Stephen Ingram (Ukip) 1,054, Chris Erskine (Ukip) 1,037, Alexander Roberts (Con) 979, Jack Jackson (Con) 941, Liz Hutchison (Ukip) 805, Christine Watson (Green) 482, Zoe Gorzelak (Green) 303, Colin Watson (Greeen) 227 (* denotes elected councillor).
Voting will take place between 7am and 10pm and counting will take place at CWaC HQ building in Chester afterwards.
See full story in the Chester Leader


text:
Police searching for a Queanbeyan man who vanished while swimming off North Wollongong beach have found a body believed to be his.
The 21-year-old man's two siblings and friends watched on from the shore as as Port Kembla Water Police continued to head up a massive search on Thursday afternoon, the Illawarra Mercury reports.
It is understood the man's relatives in India are yet to be notified.
It is unknown why the man was in Wollongong, although police have suggested he might have been working temporarily in the area.
The search for the man, who vanished while swimming at the popular beach on Wednesday night, resumed at first light on Thursday morning.
Police said a man and woman were at the southern end of North Wollongong Beach when they saw a man in the water who appeared to be in distress shortly after 7pm.
A number of witnesses told police the swimmer, wearing board-shorts and what appeared to be a turban, had been in the water for about 10 minutes before getting into trouble and disappeared underwater.
The man's disappearance triggered a wide-scale search of the beach and water involving Wollongong police, water police, marine rescue and an ambulance helicopter.
Wollongong Police duty officer Mick Green said so far all efforts to find the man had failed.
"We've had jet skis in the water, we've had the ambulance rescue helicopter, we've had foot patrols up and down the beach," he said.
A coloured dye was released into the water and was taken southward by the tide, setting the course for the helicopter's grid search.
They did not find the missing man and the search was called off for the night at 10pm on Wednesday.
Police are urging anyone with information to call Crime Stoppers on 1800 333 000 or at act.crimestoppers.com.au.


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When you purchase a digital subscription to Cake Central Magazine, you will get an instant and automatic download of the most recent issue.
This is my first time making cake pops. I had a hard time with the texture, I put too much icing and they where falling... I have try with less icing and the second time was better. With the experience, the next time will be the good one...!
(if this is a private computer)
Yes please, register now!


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INSERT INTO sites(host) VALUES('fragyou.net') 1045: Access denied for user 'www-data'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
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|Alexa Reach and Rank
|Who is fragyou.net at whois.joker.com
Domain Name: fragyou.net
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Registrar: CSL Computer Service Langenbach GmbH d/b/a joker.com
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Registrant Street: Ryesgade 19E, 3
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Tech Organization: Larsen Data ApS
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DNSSEC: unsigned
URL of the ICANN WHOIS Data Problem Reporting System: http://wdprs.internic.net/
>>> Last update of WHOIS database: 2016-01-30T04:12:11Z <<<
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Description:We are SteelSeries. You will be assimilated. Resistance is futile.
SteelSeries Follow on Tumblr Question? RSS Random post Archive Search We are We are SteelSeries. You will be assimilated. Resistance is futile. More us Facebook Twitter Website Follow @SteelSeries We write Untitled arussiannerd: A few shots from a previous review.These are of the Steelseries Siberia Elite Prism headset.Get it at their online store Steelseries.com. Or wherever you please.Loved this headset and still use both of them (One for PC, other for PS4) Holy batman these photos are stunning! Well done! Posted by Untitled Reblogged from GeekDom Tags steelseriessiberia elite prismheadsetdesignwhiteblackgaming January 15th, 2015 15 notes Share this x3d2yx: Showcasing my new keyboard. #Steelseries #apex #gaming #raw #pc (at home) Awesome shot! Posted by Untitled Reblogged from LOST SYMPATHY Tags colorsapexkeyboardsteelseriesgaming December 23rd, 2014 21 notes Share this phillip-rasmussen: The trophy! #csgo #dhw14 #steelseries Winning is everything! Posted by Untitled Reblogged from Untitled Tags steelseriesgamingesportcs:gocounterstrikedreamhackdhw14 December 18th, 2014 9 notes Share this causetrampslikeus: Trying out my new cam, woho hearts; Gif approved! Posted by Untitled Reblogged from baby we were born to run Tags steelseriessiberia v2siberia v2 pink December 17th, 2014 22 notes Share this We might be different genders, but we rsquo;re all gamers. Posted by Untitled Tags gamingsteelseriesgenderusb December 16th, 2014 1,775 notes Share this More pictures of the new #apexmech. We rsquo;re super thrilled to show this off in its entirety at CES on the 6th of January, 2015! Posted by Untitled Tags apexmechmechanical keyboardkeyboardsteelseriescolorsdesign December 3rd, 2014 51 notes Share this I was told by Jovan to message Travis. I kept messaging you all via Facebook, Twitter and Tumblr but nobody ever replied :( I was chosen as winner for my Sim that I created. It was called #039;blue #039; Asked by simonettac-timelinesims Please send me your full name and postal address to firstname.lastname@example.com and I rsquo;ll get your prize shipped asap :) Posted by Untitled December 1st, 2014 0 notes Share this Are you ready for the #APEXMECH? Our new Mechanical keyboard due in January 2015! Do you like it? Posted by Untitled Tags apexmechapex mechkeyboarddesigncolorscolorblacksteelseriesgaming December 1st, 2014 13 notes Share this Go behind the scenes with Fnatic rsquo;s Counter-Strike Global Offensive team as they win against Cloud9 and go directly to a signing session with fans! Posted by Untitled Tags dreamhackgamingsteelseriesdhw14dh20fnaticesport November 28th, 2014 0 notes Share this The brand new Apex Mech Elite Keyboard! Do you like it? Posted by Untitled Tags colorskeyssteelseriesgamingkeyboarddhw14dh20dreamhackdesignilluminationswitch November 27th, 2014 22 notes Share this We went to DreamHack Winter 2014 with a mission to do awesome stuff and meet awesome people, and so far we rsquo;ve done exactly that. Join us on the adventure as we tour the booths, walk in the footsteps of pro gamers and check out what the largest gaming event in the world has to offer! Posted by Untitled Tags steelseriesgamingesportdreamhackdhw14dh20awesome November 27th, 2014 1 note Share this Swedes and fireworks inside hellip;. DreamHack Winter 2014 is open! Posted by Untitled Tags steelseriesgamingdh20dhw14dreamhackesportopeningfireworks November 27th, 2014 10 notes Share this We put up a Go Pro when we built the booth to show you how it rsquo;s like working at an event like DreamHack. This is what we captured, Posted by Untitled Tags steelseriesdhw14dreamhackdh20 November 27th, 2014 4 notes Share this Announcing Natus Vincere 9H For those born to win, the SteelSeries 9H Natus Vincere Edition is an aweome fit! Made with the pros and clad in the distinctive black and yellow colors of Na`Vi, it is the professional players go-to headset! Now available here. Posted by Untitled November 27th, 2014 3 notes Share this phillip-rasmussen: Olofmeister dropping truthbombs in the booth! #dh20 #dhw14 #fnatic #olofmeister #steelseries Posted by Untitled Reblogged from Untitled Tags steelseriesgamingesportdreamhackwinning is everything November 27th, 2014 16 notes Share this Previous Page 1 of 65 Next (c) SteelSeries Transcender Theme created by Style Hatch | Powered by Tumblr


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This has to be one of the funniest remote segments of Conan. After watching the video you'll know why.
This week Conan O'Brien decided to relax at a Korean spa in Los Angeles with his friend and recent guest on his show, Steven Yeun of The Walking Dead.
Both the men had to strip off their robes to go completely nude – but that was just the beginning of the hilarity that ensued.
Also Watch: Conan O'Brien Responds To Taylor Swift's Music Video '22'
The best part of the entire segment though is the one when a man named Mr. Lee actually ripped Conan's skin off which caused him to yell, "What did Mrs. Lee do to you last night?"
Spoiler Alert: This video will leave you in a fit of uncontrollable laughter.
Also, it's totally SFW.
Recommended: Jennifer Lawrence Tells Conan O'Brien She Stalked John Stamos At A Party


text:
Who's leaving who by Marry Me Jane heard on If Lucy Fell movie
Artist: Marry Me Jane
Music By: Charlton Pettus, Amanda Kravat
Music By: Charlton Pettus, Amanda Kravat
TOP 20 Popular songs from films where this soundtrack is played
Mandy by Marry Me Jane
Athena by Marry Me Jane
Ordinary by Marry Me Jane
You didn't kiss me by Marry Me Jane
Lousy lullaby by Marry Me Jane
Bad loser by Marry Me Jane
Positive by Marry Me Jane
Misunderstood by Marry Me Jane
21 by Marry Me Jane
Chopin minuet #1 in db by Marcus Barone
Chopin piano minuet #1 in db by Marcus Barone
Carousel bizarre by Marcus Barone
Who's leaving who lyricsNothing's missing but something's wrong
So we kick it around like a bad day
I was thinking, no, that moment's gone
Oh, by the way
Who's leaving who?
Who's leaving who?
If I'm leaving you and you insist
Reed full lyrics that's true
Who's the bigger fool?
I took your picture but I left the frame
'Cause you never know when you might need it
So you can tell your stupid friends that I'm the one to blame again
Maybe they'll start to believe it
Who's leaving who?
Who's leaving who?
If I'm leaving you and you insist that's true
Who's a fool?
You say my eyes are too blue
I used to listen to you
Somethings, I know got rearranged
Let me out of these sugar chains
Who's leaving who? Tell me, tell me, tell me
Who's leaving who? 'Cause I'm confused
If I'm leaving you and you insist that's true
I'm the biggest fool


text:
About Marinefloor
Made of refined HDPE composite, this modular, light-weight but unsurpassed resistant, rigid and durable cubes will give you totally new experience.
All the Marinefloor products are processed anti-UV rays, anti-flammable and anti-static treatment.
Marinefloor's weatherproof features let this system be left in the iced water full winter and are also a remarkable survivor in storm or harsh water conditions.
Feel and enjoy fun our durable, modular, portable and changeable system on your piers and walkways near you - to an existing dock, seawall, or where there is no dock at all - with its convenient mooring method.


text: GE chooses ten finalists from nearly 700 global design entries representing 56 countries to move onto the final phase of its Quest. GE today unveiled ten Phase I finalists from its Jet Engine Bracket Design Quest. This design Quest invited individuals, companies and institutions to redesign loading brackets found on jet engines using 3D printing. A critical component of a ... Read More »