text:
Delusional disorder
- Author
- Theo Manschreck, MD
Theo Manschreck, MD
- Professor of Psychiatry
- Harvard Medical School
- Section Editor
- Stephen Marder, MD
Stephen Marder, MD
- Section Editor — Psychotic Disorders
- Professor of Psychiatry
- Semel Institute of Neuroscience at UCLA
- Deputy Editor
- Richard Hermann, MD
Richard Hermann, MD
- Deputy Editor — Psychiatry
- Associate Professor
- Tufts University School of Medicine
Delusional disorder is characterized in DSM-5 as the presence of one or more delusions for a month or longer in a person who, except for the delusions and their behavioral ramifications, does not appear odd and is not functionally impaired [1]. Prominent hallucinations and other psychotic or marked mood symptoms are absent. Nonprominent hallucinations and odd behaviors related to the delusional theme may be present.
Delusional disorder is not well studied relative to other psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Much of the information in the sections on epidemiology, course, and treatment are drawn from small samples or based on clinical experience. Longitudinal and population-based studies are needed to better characterize the disorder, and clinical trials are needed to identify effective treatments.
This topic discusses the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, course, diagnosis, and treatment of delusional disorder. Clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, and initial management of psychoses are discussed separately. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, course, diagnosis, and treatment of delusional parasitosis, a delusional disorder of the somatic type, are described separately. (See "Clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, and initial management of psychosis in adults" and "Delusional parasitosis: Epidemiology, clinical presentation, assessment and diagnosis" and "Treatment of delusional parasitosis".)
The lifetime morbid risk of delusional disorder has been estimated to range from 0.05 to 0.1 percent [2-4], based on data from various sources including case registries, case series, and population-based samples. The epidemiology of delusional disorders has not been studied in large, community-based samples. These findings and the DSM-5's estimated lifetime prevalence of delusional disorder (0.2 percent) [1] are far lower than the estimated lifetime prevalence for other major psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia (0.3 to 0.87 percent) and bipolar I disorder (0.24 to 0.6) [5]. Rates of delusional disorder reported in samples of patients receiving mental health treatment have ranged from 0.5 to 1.2 percent [2,6,7].
Attempts to quantify incidence estimates (0.7 to 3.0/100,000) have been based on hospital admission data of uncertain accuracy [2].
Subscribers log in hereTo continue reading this article, you must log in with your personal, hospital, or group practice subscription. For more information or to purchase a personal subscription, click below on the option that best describes you:Literature review current through: Jul 2017. | This topic last updated: Nov 12, 2015.The content on the UpToDate website is not intended nor recommended as a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your own physician or other qualified health care professional regarding any medical questions or conditions. The use of this website is governed by the UpToDate Terms of Use ©2017 UpToDate, Inc.References
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), American Psychiatric Association, Arlington 2013.
- Kendler KS. Demography of paranoid psychosis (delusional disorder): a review and comparison with schizophrenia and affective illness. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982; 39:890.
- Munro A. Delusional Disorder: paranoia and related illness, Cambridge University Press, New York 1999.
- Manschreck TC. Delusional disorder and shared psychotic disorder. In: Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 7th ed, Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ. (Eds), Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD 2000. Vol 1, p.1243.
- Perälä J, Suvisaari J, Saarni SI, et al. Lifetime prevalence of psychotic and bipolar I disorders in a general population. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2007; 64:19.
- Yamada N, Nakajima S, Noguchi T. Age at onset of delusional disorder is dependent on the delusional theme. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1998; 97:122.
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- Thewissen V, Myin-Germeys I, Bentall R, et al. Hearing impairment and psychosis revisited. Schizophr Res 2005; 76:99.
- Munro A, Mok H. An overview of treatment in paranoia/delusional disorder. Can J Psychiatry 1995; 40:616.
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- de Portugal E, González N, Haro JM, et al. A descriptive case-register study of delusional disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2008; 23:125.
- Kendler KS, Masterson CC, Davis KL. Psychiatric illness in first-degree relatives of patients with paranoid psychosis, schizophrenia and medical illness. Br J Psychiatry 1985; 147:524.
- de Portugal E, Martínez C, González N, et al. Clinical and cognitive correlates of psychiatric comorbidity in delusional disorder outpatients. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2011; 45:416.
- Maina G, Albert U, Badà A, Bogetto F. Occurrence and clinical correlates of psychiatric co-morbidity in delusional disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2001; 16:222.
- Marino C, Nobile M, Bellodi L, Smeraldi E. Delusional disorder and mood disorder: can they coexist? Psychopathology 1993; 26:53.
- Hsiao MC, Liu CY, Yang YY, Yeh EK. Delusional disorder: retrospective analysis of 86 Chinese outpatients. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1999; 53:673.
- Kelly BD. Erotomania : epidemiology and management. CNS Drugs 2005; 19:657.
- de Portugal E, González N, Miriam V, et al. Gender differences in delusional disorder: Evidence from an outpatient sample. Psychiatry Res 2010; 177:235.
- Poletti M, Sambataro F. The development of delusion revisited: a transdiagnostic framework. Psychiatry Res 2013; 210:1245.
- Manschreck TC, Petri M. The paranoid syndrome. Lancet 1978; 2:251.
- Manschreck TC. The assessment of paranoid features. Compr Psychiatry 1979; 20:370.
- Garety PA, Freeman D. The past and future of delusions research: from the inexplicable to the treatable. Br J Psychiatry 2013; 203:327.
- Morimoto K, Miyatake R, Nakamura M, et al. Delusional disorder: molecular genetic evidence for dopamine psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2002; 26:794.
- Huber M, Kirchler E, Karner M, Pycha R. Delusional parasitosis and the dopamine transporter. A new insight of etiology? Med Hypotheses 2007; 68:1351.
- Oflaz S, Akyuz F, Hamamci A, et al. Working memory dysfunction in delusional disorders: an fMRI investigation. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 56:43.
- de Portugal E, González N, del Amo V, et al. Empirical redefinition of delusional disorder and its phenomenology: the DELIREMP study. Compr Psychiatry 2013; 54:243.
- Ibanez-Casas I, De Portugal E, Gonzalez N, et al. Deficits in executive and memory processes in delusional disorder: a case-control study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67341.
- Bömmer I, Brüne M. Social cognition in "pure" delusional disorder. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2006; 11:493.
- González-Rodríguez A, Molina-Andreu O, Navarro Odriozola V, et al. Suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviour in delusional disorder: a clinical overview. Psychiatry J 2014; 2014:834901.
- Opjordsmoen S. Long-term course and outcome in delusional disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1988; 78:576.
- Manschreck TC. Delusional disorder. In: The Spectrum of Psychotic Disorders: Neurobiology, Etiology, and Pathogeneses, Fujii D, Ahmed I (Eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2007. p.116.
- Retterstol N. Prognosis In Paranoid Psychoses, Charles Thomas Publishers, Springfield, IL 1970.
- Opjordsmoen S. Delusional disorder as a partial psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40:244.
- Stephens JH, Richard P, McHugh PR. Long-term follow-up of patients with a diagnosis of paranoid state and hospitalized, 1913 to 1940. J Nerv Ment Dis 2000; 188:202.
- Hylwa SA, Foster AA, Bury JE, et al. Delusional infestation is typically comorbid with other psychiatric diagnoses: review of 54 patients receiving psychiatric evaluation at Mayo Clinic. Psychosomatics 2012; 53:258.
- Grover S, Biswas P, Avasthi A. Delusional disorder: Study from North India. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2007; 61:462.
- Manschreck TC, Khan NL. Recent advances in the treatment of delusional disorder. Can J Psychiatry 2006; 51:114.
- González-Rodríguez A, Molina-Andreu O, Penadés R, et al. Effectiveness of long-acting injectable antipsychotics in delusional disorders with nonprominent hallucinations and without hallucinations. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2014; 29:177.
- Ungvári G, Vladár K. Pimozide treatment for delusion of infestation. Act Nerv Super (Praha) 1986; 28:103.
- Hamann K, Avnstorp C. Delusions of infestation treated by pimozide: a double-blind crossover clinical study. Acta Derm Venereol 1982; 62:55.
- Lepping P, Russell I, Freudenmann RW. Antipsychotic treatment of primary delusional parasitosis: systematic review. Br J Psychiatry 2007; 191:198.
- Skelton M, Khokhar WA, Thacker SP. Treatments for delusional disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; :CD009785.
- Myers E, Startup H, Freeman D. Cognitive behavioural treatment of insomnia in individuals with persistent persecutory delusions: a pilot trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2011; 42:330.
- Hepworth C, Startup H, Freeman D. Developing treatments of persistent persecutory delusions: the impact of an emotional processing and metacognitive awareness intervention. J Nerv Ment Dis 2011; 199:653.
- Roudsari MJ, Chun J, Manschreck TC, et al. Current treatments for delusional disorder. Curr Treat Options Psych 2015; 2:151.
- Risk factors
- Comorbid conditions
- Subtypes
- Subtypes
- - Erotomanic type
- - Grandiose type
- - Jealous type
- - Persecutory type
- - Somatic type
- - Mixed type
- - Unspecified type
- Specifications
- Differential diagnosis
- Pharmacotherapy
- - Efficacy
- Psychosocial interventions
- - Cognitive-behavioral therapy
- - Supportive psychotherapy
- Involuntary treatment


text:
Dandelion in Macro
Nikon D2X – 105mm© Annie J LemayFEATURED INThe World as We See it group December 2010
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|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|José Morales Martínez <jmora...@gmv.com>
|RE: Beta release on 1.3.x branch
|Thu, 21 May 2009 00:13:54 GMT
+1 I will fix iissue CONTINUUM-2235 too. [CONTINUUM-2235] Continuum ignores 'enable' property in PurgeConfiguration for schedules ----- Jose ________________________________________ De: Marica Tan [email@example.com] Enviado el: martes, 19 de mayo de 2009 2:07 Para: dev Asunto: Beta release on 1.3.x branch All, I know that 1.3.3 is supposed to be a GA release, but given the nature of the fixes I think we may need to have another beta release on 1.3.x branch. I'm planning to have the release this week and since we currently have 16 issues, I am planning to pull out some of them from 1.3.3 Beta. Here are some issues that I think should be fixed before the release: [CONTINUUM-2233] Unable to remove prepare build queues / build queues when distributed build is enabled [CONTINUUM-2231] Queues page should include the prepare build queue [CONTINUUM-2177] NPE when building some projects in build agent [CONTINUUM-2202] Update docs for using a build environment during a release [CONTINUUM-2234] Update docs when building projects with different scenarios [CONTINUUM-1979] Regression from 1.1. to 1.2.2: projects keep building even without changes [CONTINUUM-2163] Getting an unrecognized tag 'scmResult' error when upgrading from 1.3.1 to 1.3.3 using data management CLI [CONTINUUM-2194] Unable to backup/restore users database from Redback 1.2 using data management CLI Issues that can be bumped to 1.3.4 [CONTINUUM-2208] Group SCM makes build look like they are not queued [CONTINUUM-2041] Master should be able to detect an incorrect master url in a build agent's config file [CONTINUUM-2199] Parallel build queue to schedule mapping is unclear [CONTINUUM-1974] JDBC password obfuscation support [CONTINUUM-1599] Migration tool for continuum 1.0.3 [CONTINUUM-2204] Continuum occasionally failing with "too many open files" after upgrade [CONTINUUM-2190] Hitting / on a distributed build agent brings up "Hello World" [CONTINUUM-2192] Remove jasper libraries from the buildagent web application [CONTINUUM-2205] Occasional NullPointerException on httpError page This is an enhancement and maybe should go to 1.4.x instead? [CONTINUUM-702] Ability to show build output only if build fails WDYT? If you guys think we can still bump some more issues from 1.3.3 or issues that need to be fixed in 1.3.3 then please let me know. Thanks, -- Marica ______________________ Este mensaje, y en su caso, cualquier fichero anexo al mismo, puede contener informacion clasificada por su emisor como confidencial en el marco de su Sistema de Gestion de Seguridad de la Informacion siendo para uso exclusivo del destinatario, quedando prohibida su divulgacion copia o distribucion a terceros sin la autorizacion expresa del remitente. Si Vd. ha recibido este mensaje erroneamente, se ruega lo notifique al remitente y proceda a su borrado. Gracias por su colaboracion. ______________________ This message including any attachments may contain confidential information, according to our Information Security Management System, and intended solely for a specific individual to whom they are addressed. Any unauthorised copy, disclosure or distribution of this message is strictly forbidden. If you have received this transmission in error, please notify the sender immediately and delete it. ______________________
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 4, 2003
|Filing date
|Jan 11, 2002
|Priority date
|May 14, 1998
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Fatih M. Özlütürk, David K. Mesecher, Alexander M. Jacques
|Original Assignee
|Interdigital Technology Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (10), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (21), Classifications (24), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/078,417, filed on May 14, 1998 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,663,607.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to digital communications. More specifically, the invention relates to a system for and method of using a code division multiple access air interface which greatly reduces the signal power required for the global and assigned-pilots while improving performance by using the quadrature phase shift keyed (QPSK) traffic signal for a particular channel to perform channel estimation and carrier recovery.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Most advanced communication technology today makes use of digital spread spectrum modulation or code divisional multiple access (CDMA). Digital spread spectrum is a communication technique in which data is transmitted with a broadened band (spread spectrum) by modulating the data to be transmitted with a pseudo-noise signal. CDMA can transmit data without being affected by signal distortion or an interfering frequency in the transmission path.
Shown in FIG. 1 is a simplified CDMA communication system that involves a single communication channel of a given bandwidth which is mixed by a spreading code which repeats a predetermined pattern generated by a pseudo-noise (pn) sequence generator. A data signal is modulated with the pn sequence producing a digital spread spectrum signal. A carrier signal is then modulated with the digital spread spectrum signal establishing a forward link, and transmitted. A receiver demodulates the transmission extracting the digital spread spectrum signal. The transmitted data is reproduced after correlation with the matching pn sequence. The same process is repeated to establish a reverse link.
During terrestrial communication, a transmitted signal is disturbed by reflection due to varying terrain and environmental conditions and man-made obstructions. This produces a plurality of received signals with differing time delays at the receiver. This effect is commonly known as multipath propagation. Moreover, each path arrives delayed at the receiver with a unique amplitude and carrier phase.
To identify the multiple components in the multipath propagation, the relative delays and amplitudes and phases must be determined. This determination can be performed with a modulated data signal, but typically, a more precise rendering is obtained when compared to an unmodulated signal. In most digital spread spectrum systems, it is more effective to use an unmodulated pilot signal discrete from the transmitted modulated data by assigning the pilot an individual pn sequence. A global-pilot signal is most valuable on systems where many signals are transmitted from a base station to multiple users.
In the case of a base station which is transmitting many channels, the global-pilot signal provides the same pilot sequence to the plurality of users serviced by that particular base station and is used for the initial acquisition of an individual user and for the user to obtain channel-estimates for coherent reception and for the combining of the multipath components. However, at the required signal strength, the global-pilot signal may use up to 10 percent of the forward direction air capacity.
Similar multipath distortion affects a user's reverse link transmission to the base station. Inserting in each individual user's return signal an assigned-pilot may consume up to 20 percent of the total reverse channels air capacity.
Without phase and amplitude estimation, noncoherent or differentially coherent reception techniques must be performed. Accordingly, there exists a need for a coherent demodulation system that reduces the air capacity of the global-pilot and assigned-pilot signals while maintaining the desired air-interface performance.
The present invention relates to a digital spread spectrum communication system that employs pilot-aided coherent multipath demodulation with a substantial reduction in global-pilot and assigned-pilot overheads. The system and method uses a QPSK-modulated data signal whereby the modulated data is removed and the recovered carrier is used for channel amplitude and phase estimation. The resulting signal has no data modulation and is used as a pseudo-pilot signal. In conjunction with the pseudo-pilot signal, a multiple-input phase-locked loop is employed further eliminating errors due to carrier-offset by using a plurality of pseudo-pilot signals. A pilot signal is still required to resolve absolute phase ambiguity, but at a greatly reduced magnitude.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a code division multiple access communication system which reduces the required global and assigned-pilot signal strength.
It is a further object of the invention to reduce the transmitted levels of the global and assigned-pilots such that they consume negligible overhead in the air interface while providing information necessary for coherent demodulation.
Other objects and advantages of the system and method will become apparent to those skilled in the art after reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiment.
FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of a typical, prior art, CDMA communication system.
FIG. 2 is a detailed block diagram of a B-CDMA™ communication system.
FIG. 3A is a plot of an in-phase bit stream.
FIG. 3B is a plot of a quadrature bit stream.
FIG. 3C is a plot of a pseudo-noise (pn) bit sequence.
FIG. 4 is a detailed block diagram of the present invention using one pseudo-pilot signal, with carrier-offset correction implemented at the chip level.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a rake receiver.
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a received symbol po on the QPSK constellation showing a hard decision.
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the angle of correction corresponding to the assigned symbol.
FIG. 8 is a diagram of the resultant symbol error after applying the correction corresponding to the assigned symbol.
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a conventional phase-locked loop.
FIG. 10 is a detailed block diagram of the present invention using a pseudo-pilot signal with carrier-offset correction implemented at the symbol level.
FIG. 11 is a detailed block diagram of the present invention using a pseudo-pilot signal and the MIPLL, with carrier-offset correction implemented at the chip level.
FIG. 12 is a block diagram of the multiple input phase-locked loop (MIPLL).
FIG. 13 is a detailed block diagram of the present invention using a pseudo-pilot signal and the MIPLL, with carrier-offset correction implemented at the symbol level.
The preferred embodiment will be described with reference to the drawing figures where like numerals represent like elements throughout.
A B-CDMA™ communication system 25 as shown in FIG. 2 includes a transmitter 27 and a receiver 29, which may reside in either a base station or a mobile user receiver. The transmitter 27 includes a signal processor 31 which encodes voice and nonvoice signals 33 into data at various rates, e.g. data rates of 8 kbps, 16 kbps, 32 kbps, or 64 kbps. The signal processor 31 selects a rate in dependence upon the type of signal, or in response to a set data rate.
By way of background, two steps are involved in the generation of a transmitted signal in a multiple access environment. First, the input data 33 which can be considered a bi-phase modulated signal is encoded using forward error-correcting coding (FEC) 35. For example, if a R=˝ convolution code is used, the single bi-phase modulated data signal becomes bivariate or two bi-phase modulated signals. One signal is designated the in-phase channel I 41 a. The other signal is designated the quadrature channel Q 41 b. A complex number is in the form a+bj, where a and b are real numbers and j2=−1. Bi-phase modulated I and Q signals are usually referred to as quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK). In the preferred embodiment, the tap generator polynomials for a constraint length of K=7 and a convolutional code rate of R=˝ are G1=1718 37 and G2=1338 39.
In the second step, the two bi-phase modulated data or symbols 41 a, 41 b are spread with a complex pseudo-noise (pn) sequence. The resulting I 45 a and Q 45 b spread signals are combined 53 with other spread signals (channels) having different spreading codes, multiplied (mixed) with a carrier signal 51, and transmitted 55. The transmission 55 may contain a plurality of individual channels having different data rates.
The receiver 29 includes a demodulator 57 a, 57 b which mixes down the transmitted broadband signal 55 into an intermediate carrier frequency 59 a, 59 b. A second down conversion reduces the signal to baseband. The QPSK signal is then filtered 61 and mixed 63 a, 63 b with the locally generated complex pn sequence 43 a, 43 b which matches the conjugate of the transmitted complex code. Only the original waveforms which were spread by the same code at the transmitter 27 will be effectively despread. Others will appear as noise to the receiver 29. The data 65 a, 65 b is then passed onto a signal processor 59 where FEC decoding is performed on the convolutionally encoded data.
As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, a QPSK symbol consists of one bit each from both the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) signals. The bits may represent a quantized version of an analog sample or digital data. It can be seen that symbol duration ts is equal to bit duration.
The transmitted symbols are spread by multiplying the QPSK symbol stream by a unique complex pn sequence. Both the I and Q pn sequences are comprised of a bit stream generated at a much higher rate, typically 100 to 200 times the symbol rate. One such pn sequence is shown in FIG. 3C. The complex pn sequence is mixed with the complex-symbol bit stream producing the digital spread signal. The components of the spread signal are known as chips having a much smaller duration tc.
When the signal is received and demodulated, the baseband signal is at the chip level. Both the I and Q components of the signal are despread using the conjugate of the pn sequence used during spreading, returning the signal to the symbol level. However, due to carrier-offset, phase corruption experienced during transmission manifests itself by distorting the individual chip waveforms. If carrier-offset correction is performed at the chip level, it can be seen that overall accuracy increases due to the inherent resolution of the chip-level signal. Carrier-offset correction may also be performed at the symbol level, but with less overall accuracy. However, since the symbol rate is much less than the chip rate, less overall processing speed is required when the correction is done at the symbol level.
System architectures for receivers taught in accordance with the system and method of the present invention that do not require large magnitude pilot signals follow. The following systems replace the filtering, despreading and signal processing shown in FIG. 2. The systems are implemented with carrier-offset correction at both the chip and symbol levels.
As shown in FIG. 4, a receiver using the system 75 and method of the present invention is shown. A complex baseband digital spread spectrum signal 77 comprised of in-phase and quadrature phase components is input and filtered using an adaptive matched filter (AMF) 79 or other adaptive filtering means. The AMF 79 is a transversal filter (finite impulse response) which uses filter coefficients 81 to overlay delayed replicas of the received signal 77 onto each other to provide a filtered signal 83 having an increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The output 83 of the AMF 79 is coupled to a plurality of channel despreaders 85 1, 85 2, 85 n and a pilot despreader 87. In the preferred embodiment, n=3. The pilot signal 89 is despread with a separate despreader 87 and pn sequence 91 contemporaneous with the transmitted data 77 assigned to channels which are despread 85 1, 85 2, 85 n with pn sequences 93 1, 93 2, 93 n of their own. After the data channels are despread 85 1, 85 2, 85 n the data bit streams 95 1, 95 2, 95 n are coupled to Viterbi decoders 97 1, 97 2, 97 n and output 99 1, 99 2, 99 n.
The filter coefficients 81, or weights, used in adjusting the AMF 79 are obtained by the demodulation of the individual multipath propagation paths. This operation is performed by a rake receiver 101. The use of a rake receiver 101 to compensate for multipath distortion is well known to those skilled in the communication arts.
As shown in FIG. 5, the rake receiver 101 consists of a parallel combination of path demodulators ("fingers") 103 0, 103 1, 103 2, 103 n which demodulate a particular multipath component. The pilot sequence tracking loop of a particular demodulator is initiated by the timing estimation of a given path as determined by a pn sequence 105. In the prior art, a pilot signal is used for despreading the individual signals of the rake. In this embodiment of the present invention, the pn sequence 105 may belong to any channel 93 1 of the communication system. The channel with the largest received signal is typically used.
Each path demodulator includes a complex mixer 107 0, 107 1, 107 2, 107 n, and summer and latch 109 0, 109 1, 109 2, 109 n. For each rake element, the pn sequence 105 is delayed τ 111 1, 111 2, 111 n by one chip and mixed 107 1, 107 2, 107 n with the baseband spread spectrum signal 113 thereby despreading each signal. Each multiplication product is input into an accumulator 109 0, 109 1, 109 2, 109 n where it is added to the previous product and latched out after the next symbol-clock cycle. The rake receiver 101 provides relative path values for each multipath component. The plurality of n-dimension outputs 115 0, 115 1, 115 2, 115 n provide estimates of the sampled channel impulse response that contain a relative phase error of either 0°, 90°, 180°, or 270°.
Referring back to FIG. 4, the plurality of outputs from the rake receiver are coupled to an n-dimensional complex mixer 1 17. Mixed with each rake receiver 101 output 115 is a correction to remove the relative phase error contained in the rake output.
A pilot signal is also a complex QPSK signal, but with the quadrature component set at zero. The error correction 119 signal of the present invention is derived from the despread channel 95 1 by first performing a hard decision 121 on each of the symbols of the despread signal 95 1. A hard decision processor 121 determines the QPSK constellation position that is closest to the despread symbol value.
As shown in FIG. 6, the Euclidean distance processor compares a received symbol po of channel 1 to the four QPSK constellation points x1,1, x−1,1, x−1,−1, x1,−1. It is necessary to examine each received symbol po due to corruption during transmission 55 by noise and distortion, whether multipath or radio frequency. The hard decision processor 121 computes the four distances d1, d2, d3, d4 to each quadrant from the received symbol po and chooses the shortest distance d2 and assigns that symbol location x−1,1. The original symbol coordinates po are discarded.
Referring back to FIG. 4, after undergoing each hard symbol decision 121, the complex conjugates 123 for each symbol output 125 are determined. A complex conjugate is one of a pair of complex numbers with identical real parts and with imaginary parts differing only in sign.
As shown in FIG. 7, a symbol is demodulated or derotated by first determining the complex conjugate of the assigned symbol coordinates x−1,−1, forming the correction signal 119 which is used to remove the relative phase error contained in the rake output. Thus, the rake output is effectively derotated by the angle associated with the hard decision, removing the relative phase error. This operation effectively provides a rake that is driven by a pilot signal, but without an absolute phase reference.
Referring back to FIG. 4, the output 119 from the complex conjugate 123 is coupled to a complex n-dimensional mixer 117 where each output of the rake receiver 101 is mixed with the correction signal 119. The resulting products 127 are noisy estimates of the channel impulse response p1 as shown in FIG. 8. The error shown in FIG. 8 is indicated by a radian distance of π/6 from the in-phase axis.
Referring back to FIG. 4, the outputs 129 of the complex n-dimensional mixer 117 are coupled to an n-dimensional channel estimator 131. The channel estimator 131 is a plurality of low-pass filters filtering each multipath component. The outputs of the n-dimensional mixer 117 are coupled to the AMF 79. These signals act as the AMF 79 filter weights. The AMF 79 filters the baseband signal to compensate for channel distortion due to multipath without requiring a large magnitude pilot signal.
Rake receivers 101 are used in conjunction with phase-locked loop (PLL) 133 circuits to remove carrier-offset. Carrier-offset occurs as a result of transmitter/receiver component mismatches and other RF distortion. The present invention 75 requires that a low level pilot signal 135 be produced by despreading 87 the pilot from the baseband signal 77 with a pilot pn sequence 91. The pilot signal is coupled to a single input PLL 133. The PLL 133 measures the phase difference between the pilot signal 135 and a reference phase of 0. The despread pilot signal 135 is the actual error signal coupled to the PLL 133.
A conventional PLL 133 is shown in FIG. 9. The PLL 133 includes an arctangent analyzer 136, complex filter 137, an integrator 139 and a phase-to-complex-number converter 141. The pilot signal 135 is the error signal input to the PLL 133 and is coupled to the complex filter 137. The complex filter 137 includes two gain stages, an integrator 145 and a summer 147. The output from the complex filter is coupled to the integrator 139. The integral of frequency is phase, which is output 140 to the converter 141. The phase output 140 is coupled to a converter 141 which converts the phase signal into a complex signal for mixing 151 with the baseband signal 77. Since the upstream operations are commutative, the output 149 of the PLL 133 is also the feedback loop into the system 75.
By implementing the hard decision 121 and derotation 123 of the data modulation, the process provides channel estimation without the use of a large pilot signal. If an error occurs during the hard decision process and the quadrant of the received data symbol is not assigned correctly, the process suffers a phase error. The probability of phase error is reduced, however, due to the increased signal-to-noise ratio of the traffic channel. The errors that occur are filtered out during the channel-estimation and carrier-recovery processes. The traffic channel is approximately 6 dB stronger (2×) than the level of the despread pilot.
As described earlier, the present invention can also be performed with carrier-offset correction at the symbol level. An alternative embodiment 150 implemented at the symbol level is shown in FIG. 10. The difference between the chip and symbol level processes occur where the output of the conventional PLL 133 is combined. At the symbol level, the PLL output 140 does not undergo chip conversion 141 and is introduced into the AMF 79 weights after the rake receiver 101 by another n-dimensional mixer 153. The phase correction 140 feedback must also be mixed 154 1, 154 2, 154 n with the outputs 95 1, 95 2, 95 n of each of the plurality of channel despreaders 85 1, 85 2, 85 n and mixed 156 with the output 135 of the pilot despreader 87.
As shown in FIG. 11, another alternative embodiment 193 uses a variation of the earlier embodiments whereby a hard decision is rendered on each received symbol after despreading and derotated by a radian amount equal to the complex conjugate. The alternate approach 193 uses a plurality of channel despreaders 85 1, 85 2, 85 n and the pilot despreader 87 as inputs to a multiple input phase-locked loop (MIPLL) 157 shown in FIG. 12. Since each of the despread channels 95 1, 95 2, 95 n contains an ambiguous representation of the pilot signal, a small signal pilot 135 is required to serve as an absolute reference. The despread symbols from all channels in conjunction with the despread small signal pilot signal are input to the MIPLL 157.
Referring to FIG. 12, the output from each channel 95 1, 95 2, 95 n is coupled to a hard decision/complex conjugate operation 159 1, 159 2, 159 n. The derotated pseudo-pilots 161 1, 161 2, 161 n are then mixed with the delayed symbols producing a complex voltage error 163 1, 163 2, 163 n. The error 165 1, 165 2, 165 n is input into a converter 167 1, 167 2, 167 n, 167 n+1 which takes an inverse tangent converting the complex number into a phase error 169 1, 169 2, 169 n, 169 n+1. Each phase error 169 1, 169 2, 169 n, 169 n+1 is input into a maximum likelihood combiner 171 which assigns various weights to the plurality of inputs and produces a sum output. Also included in the sum is the small signal pilot 135 phase 169 n+1 which is despread 135 and converted 167 n+1. The weighting of the small pilot signal may be emphasized since its phase is unambiguous.
The output of the combiner 173 is the estimate of the carrier-offset and is coupled to a complex filter 175 and coupled to an integrator 177. All channels contribute to the estimate of the carrier-offset frequency with the absolute phase error removed by the unambiguous pilot signal. The integrator accumulates the history of the summed signal over many samples. After integration, the estimate of the phase error is output 179 converted to a complex voltage and output 183.
Referring back to FIG. 11, the output 183 of the MIPLL 157 is coupled to a complex mixer 185 upstream of the rake receiver. This completes the error feedback for the MIPLL 157. Even though this embodiment requires additional resources and complexity, the MIPLL 157 architecture can be efficiently implemented and executed in a digital signal processor (DSP).
Referring now to the alternative embodiment 195 shown in FIG. 13, this embodiment 195 mixes the output of the MIPLL 157 at the symbol level. The MIPLL 157 is mixed 197 with the output of the rake receiver 101. As described above, the output of the rake receiver 101 is at the symbol level. The symbol-to-chip conversion 181 in the MIPLL 157 architecture is disabled. Since the output 183 of the MIPLL 157 is mixed with the outputs of the rake 101 which are used only for the AMF 79 weights, the phase correction for carrier-offset must be added to the portion of the receiver that processes traffic data. A plurality of mixers 199 1, 199 2, 199 n downstream of each channel despreader 85 1, 85 2, 85 n and a mixer 193 downstream of the pilot despreader 87 are therefore required to mix the phase-corrected output 183 (at the symbol level) as feedback into the system.
The present invention maintains the transmitted pilot signal at a low level to provide an absolute phase reference while reducing pilot interference and increasing air capacity. The net effect is the virtual elimination of the pilot overhead.
While specific embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, many modifications and variations could be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The above description serves to illustrate and not limit the particular form in any way.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 25, 1994
|Nov 26, 1996
|Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Spread spectrum receiver using partial correlations
|Feb 28, 1995
|Apr 8, 1997
|Motorola, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for coherent communication reception in a spread-spectrum communication system
|Nov 6, 1995
|May 26, 1998
|Fujitsu Limited
|Carrier phase control circuit
|Dec 20, 1996
|Jul 27, 1999
|Motorola, Inc.
|Time-shared lock indicator circuit and method for power control and traffic channel decoding in a radio receiver
|Jun 9, 1997
|Apr 25, 2000
|Interdigital Technology Corporation
|Continuously adjusted-bandwidth discrete-time phase-locked loop
|Jan 14, 1998
|Jan 23, 2001
|Nec Corporation
|Cellular mobile telephone system
|Oct 3, 1996
|Feb 20, 2001
|Wi-Lan Inc.
|Multicode spread spectrum communications system
|May 14, 1998
|Apr 2, 2002
|Interdigital Technology Corporation
|Processing for improved performance and reduced pilot
|Oct 12, 1994
|Oct 4, 1995
|Ntt Mobile Communications Network Inc.
|Receiver for spread spectrum communication
|Jun 22, 1995
|Jun 12, 1996
|Ntt Mobile Communications Network Inc.
|Cdma demodulation circuit and demodulating method
|Sadayuki et al., A Coherent Detection System with a Suppressed Pilot Channel for DS/CDMA Systems, Electronics and Communications in Japan, Part 1, vol. 79, No. 4, 1996, pp. 95-102.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 3, 2003
|Mar 16, 2004
|Interdigital Technology Corporation
|Processing for improved performance and reduced pilot
|Nov 29, 2000
|Jun 22, 2004
|Ericsson Inc.
|Receiver architecture for transmit diversity in CDMA system
|Apr 9, 2003
|Mar 22, 2005
|Ati Technologies, Inc.
|Diversity receiver with joint baud clock recovery
|Jan 26, 2004
|Sep 13, 2005
|Interdigital Technology Corporation
|Processing for improved performance and reduced pilot
|Oct 4, 2000
|May 23, 2006
|Lg Electronics Inc.
|Apparatus and method for acquiring multi-user signal synchronization in code division multiple access system
|Dec 29, 2000
|Jun 27, 2006
|Intel Corporation
|Quantization and compression for computation reuse
|Jul 26, 2005
|Sep 19, 2006
|Interdigital Technology Corporation
|Receiver and base station for producing phase-corrected channel signals
|Dec 11, 2003
|Nov 27, 2007
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Multiuser detection for wireless communications systems in the presence of interference
|Sep 18, 2006
|May 24, 2011
|Interdigital Technology Corporation
|Base station for carrier offset recovery
|Apr 13, 2011
|Aug 28, 2012
|Interdigital Technology Corporation
|Wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) for carrier offset recovery
|Aug 24, 2012
|Nov 12, 2013
|Interdigital Technology Corporation
|Receiver for producing phase corrected signals
|Dec 21, 2000
|Jun 27, 2002
|Blasko John P.
|System and method for automatically managing avail inventory data and avail pricing
|Nov 29, 2000
|Aug 8, 2002
|Jiann-Ching Guey
|Receiver architecture for transmit diversity in CDMA system
|Feb 3, 2003
|Aug 21, 2003
|Interdigital Technology Corporation
|Processing for improved performance and reduced pilot
|Apr 9, 2003
|Oct 16, 2003
|Strolle Christopher H.
|Diversity receiver with joint baud clock recovery
|Jan 26, 2004
|Aug 12, 2004
|Interdigital Technology Corporation
|Processing for improved performance and reduced pilot
|Dec 11, 2003
|Dec 23, 2004
|Onggosanusi Eko N.
|Multiuser detection for wireless communications systems in the presence of interference
|Jul 26, 2005
|Nov 17, 2005
|Interdigital Technology Corporation
|Receiver and base station for producing phase-corrected channel signals
|Sep 18, 2006
|Jan 18, 2007
|Interdigital Technology Corporation
|Base station for carrier offset recovery
|Apr 13, 2011
|Aug 4, 2011
|Interdigital Technology Corporation
|Wireless transmit/receive unit (wtru) for carrier offset recovery
|Aug 24, 2012
|Dec 20, 2012
|Interdigital Technology Corporation
|Receiver for producing phase corrected signals
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 24, 2003
|Certificate of correction
|Aug 23, 2006
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Sep 15, 2006
|Surcharge for late payment
|Sep 15, 2006
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jul 8, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jul 23, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Cardsharing exchange using the Mbox protocol
I'm interested
22-03-2016, 21:59:16
Cardsharing exchange using the Newcamd protocol
NC Poland full 0B01 caid
10-06-2017, 03:31:26
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text:
Portable Gas Detector
$ 29.95
A gas explosion can be a terrible tragedy for a homeowner or business owner, often resulting in large-scale property damage and, sadly, lost lives. However, it is a tragedy that could have been prevented had the home been tested for gas leaks.
The Portable Gas Detector is an easy-to-use, handheld device that identifies potentially hazardous leaks in pipes, fittings, valves, gas storage tanks, home appliance tanks and hot water heaters. Simply point the end of the unit at the area you want to test, and an LED indicator will flash yellow if low amounts of gas (1,200 ppm) are detected and red if high amounts (over 5,000 ppm) are detected.
Additional features:
- Identifies propane, butane, acetylene and methane (natural gas) leaks at 1/4 of the explosion risk
- Laboratory-tested; no calibration required
- Made of urethane rubber
- Uses two double-A batteries to operate
Most of these products come from our clients' own inventory, and are currently available for sale or licensing.


text:
- October 11, 2007, 4:58 AM
UK-based Jet-Care International has been appointed by Pratt & Whitney Canada to provide engine-condition trend monitoring. Jet-Care analyzes the data to show customers how their engine should be performing and plots anomalies so that early warnings of problems can quickly be addressed. Together with the company's Spectro oil analysis program, Jet-Care said it monitors the health of more than 12,000 business jet engines in 60 countries.


text:
We supply professional web development services that our clients highly value
Importance of a well developed website or web application
An organization communicates widely through its business' website. The website needs to be well planned, should have strong presence, and be very easy to navigate. At Click Innovate, we pay special attention to what our clients want from us. We know that a website is an integral part of an organization and is a means of interaction with the rest of the world, so it requires special care when it comes to designing them.
Here at Click Innovate, we understand that you need a website that represent your business strategy and brand in a highly effective manner. Online, your identification is dependent on it. It provides you a chance to boost your sales and maximize your organisation's reach.
A website is an important marketing tool for our clients. We keep this in mind and provide unique and attractive designs that will prove impressive and eye catching for your target audience. We value your views and ideas and build a website that compliments the reason for your organization's existence.
Web Development Team at Click Innovate
At Click Innovate, we make sure that you receive services and products that you deserve. We have a highly competent team just for that job. Different ideas presented by our valued customers are polished and incorporated into website by our immensely creative and innovative web development team.
Our experts are proficient with the latest programming languages and tools being used for web development and are experienced in graphic design, front-end and back-end development. This ensures your website to be developed in an up to date, internet complementing format.
Website technologies that our web development team uses:
- JavaScript
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Our Services
At Click Innovate, we try our best to outperform our client's expectation and build a highly successful corporate website through our various value creating services. We provide different website services that include e-commerce website services, shopping carts, commercial websites, content management systems, hotel booking and reservation systems as well as custom / bespoke solutions.
While building a website we pay special attention to:
- Interaction between you and your clients
- Cross browser support
- Mobile phone accessibility
- Maximization for search engines
- Easy navigation
We also provide our clients with support and care services.


text:
Hey there, time traveller!
This article was published 16/7/2014 (1129 days ago), so information in it may no longer be current.
Emergency officials are on scene at a train derailment that has blocked Kenaston Boulevard traffic in both directions.
A southbound CN freight train went off the tracks around 7:30 p.m. Wednesday north of McGillivray Boulevard near Kenaston Commons.
CN spokeswoman Emily Hamer said the derailment involved five cars carrying cement.
The train wasn't carrying dangerous goods and there were no injuries or environmental threats, Hamer said. The rail cars were tilted but didn't fall over during the derailment.
Crews were working to clear the tracks Wednesday evening.
Nearby resident Kyle, 17, who didn't want to give his last name, said he heard a loud bang while he was in his backyard, ran out and saw the derailed train.
"It sounded like a big bang. It really got loud," he said.


text:
Go Orange on Social Media!
Facebook Profile Picture Frame
Use the National Bullying Prevention Center Facebook Frame to show your support during National Bullying Prevention Month.
Visit the National Bullying Prevention Center Facebook page . Find the Facebook frame post and click "Try It!"
- You can also find our frame listed under Causes on the Facebook Frame Selection page.
Instagram - Go Orange
|1. After you have added your photo and are in the editing stages, click edit on the bottom right corner.
|2. Then scroll to select color.
|3. Change both the shadows and highlights to ORANGE.
|4. Post with a message of Unity!


text:
BRISTOL, Tenn. -- In the midst of all the Car of Tomorrow hoopla, another major issue is going down this weekend.
NASCAR has too much of a good thing. Big-money sponsors want in, but some of them can't find a spot.
More than any other sports league, NASCAR is dependent on corporate sponsorship. Teams can't race without the millions of dollars companies spend to place their logos on cars.
But cars with major financial backing are going home without racing, failing to make the show in NASCAR's qualifying system. And some companies that want to put their names on cars are being told no because of exclusivity rights of other sponsors.
Keeping everybody happy in the money train is NASCAR's big problem.
While the IndyCar Series and Champ Car World Series struggle to put 20 cars on the starting grid, NASCAR usually has 50 or more cars each week trying to make the 43-car field.
It's a big change from a few years ago when NASCAR had field fillers, cars and drivers that showed up to get a Cup event to 43.
Even when more than 43 cars tried to qualify, it wasn't a big problem. Most of the teams on the low end of the food chain, the ones that didn't make the field, didn't have major sponsors.
Occasionally, a team with big-money backing failed to get in. So NASCAR came up with the top-35 format. Teams in the top 35 in points have a guaranteed spot in the field each week.
The goal was to ensure major sponsors made every race. And it worked well until this year.
With Toyota entering Cup this year, the top-35 system is making things tough for some teams with big sponsors.
NAPA has made the show for only one race with Michael Waltrip, but that wasn't exactly a positive experience at Daytona, considering the cheating scandal that came with the No. 55 Camry.
Red Bull, which has a two-car Toyota team, hadn't gotten much for the money until Friday. Both its drivers -- rookie driver A.J. Allmendinger and Brian Vickers -- made the show. Allmendinger had been 0-for-4 before Friday.
Teams were resting on 2006 laurels for the first five Cup events this year, when a coveted top-35 spot and a guaranteed place in the race was based on last year's standings. That changes after the Food City 500 on Sunday.
The teams that have a top-35 spot after this race are the ones with a guaranteed spot at Martinsville next weekend.
It's a scary week for teams on the top-35 bubble. Teams ranking 30th through 40th have to hope they get it right on the debut of the COT. They have to earn their guaranteed spot in a car no one has ever raced.
Those teams also have to hope they keep the car in one piece at a track where the event often resembles a demolition derby.
One of them is the No. 9 Dodge of Kasey Kahne, who ranks 36th entering Sunday's race.
At least Kahne has his team director -- Kenny Francis -- back this week after a four-week suspension. Francis helped Kahne put the car on the front row for Sunday, but Francis would have preferred to return under a little less pressure.
"We're sweating it out to get back in the top 35," Francis said. "We're due a good finish."
Chairman Brian France said two weeks ago NASCAR is reviewing the top-35 format, but nothing will change for now.
Six teams went home Friday, including the Domino's Pizza Toyota of David Reutimann.
Some sponsors are fighting just to get a chance to qualify. AT&T is suing NASCAR for the right to sponsor Jeff Burton's car.
Nextel, which pays NASCAR $75 million a year as the title sponsor of the Cup series, doesn't want that to happen. Nextel officials say they have exclusive rights on telecommunications companies.
But some of those were grandfathered in when Nextel became the title sponsor, including Cingular on Burton's car. AT&T bought out Cingular and now wants its name on Burton's No. 31 Chevy.
"It's a complicated issue," Burton said Friday. "Reasonable people can have different opinions. I guess that's what we have. I think NASCAR understands that our sponsor wants to be here in the worst way. AT&T firmly believes they have every right to be in this sport."
Sunoco, the "official" fuel of NASCAR, still has problems with the Shell logo on Kevin Harvick's Chevy, even though the team made the logo smaller after his Daytona 500 victory.
Robby Gordon had to fight to get the Motorola emblem on his car last week.
NASCAR can't turn away sponsors. Exclusivity agreements in the future might need to change.
The cost of doing business in Cup continues to grow, and there are a limited number of companies that can pony up.
If some of those companies are told to go home, whether it's from failing to qualify or failing to get approval to join the club, NASCAR's problem of excess won't last long.
Terry Blount covers motorsports for ESPN.com. He can be reached at email@example.com.


text:
A strong man wrestles you to the ground to show off; a stronger man boosts your self-esteem and then accidentally breaks three of your ribs with a supportive hug. Learn the tenets of both strength and community with this Groupon to Make It Happen. Choose between the following options:
- For $39, you get five kettlebell classes (a $96.05 value).
- For $59, you get one month of unlimited kettlebell classes ($141.25 value).<p>
Make It Happen's head coach Jennifer Hintenberger draws from her own weight-loss experience when motivating clients through the kettlebell boot-camp sessions that also helped her slim down. Kettlebell boot camps engage the abs with a handled weight, which wields a natural gravitational pull away from the body and nearby desserts to force the core to stabilize with each lift. Armed with kettlebells, students perform swings, twists, and windmills that not only chisel abs but foster flexibility and torch calories. All sessions take place amid a supportive, positive environment, and trainers can modify moves for all fitness levels, body types, and swing-blocking forehead horns. Check the training schedule for Make It Happen's late-morning, lunchtime, and early evening classes.


text:
Need a walk in lab test in Ferndale, WA? Simply order affordable testing online and get a walk in lab test in Ferndale, WA (Find More Locations):
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A Walk In Lab Test is ordered by people in Ferndale, WA for general screening or ongoing tracking of their health.
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Our prices for a Walk In Lab Test include the doctor's order that you need to get tested in Ferndale, WA, all lab fees and taxes, and a pdf copy of your results. For current prices, please CLICK HERE.
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text:
- "He turned his broomstick sharply to face Malfoy in mid-air. Malfoy looked stunned."
- —Card description[src]
The Sticking Up for Neville adventure card is the forty-eighth card of the Quidditch Cup Expansion of the Harry Potter Trading Card Game.
The illustration on the card was made by Patrick Faricy, and it depicts Harry Potter confronting Draco Malfoy on his broomsticks, after he took Neville Longbottom's Remembrall during their first Flying class.
See also
This article or section is a stub. You can help by expanding it.


text:
Find a copy in the library
Finding libraries that hold this item...
|Material Type:
|Document Type:
|Visual material
|All Authors / Contributors:
|Richard Armitage; Terry Allen Kramer; James Nederlander; L Arthur Rose; Douglas Furber; Stephen Fry; Mike Ockrent; Gillian Gregory; Martin Johns; Ann Curtis; Chris Ellis; Roger Morgan; Stanley Lebowsky; Tom Morse; Chris Walker; Karin Baker; Steven Zweigbaum; Robert Lindsay; Maryann Plunkett; George S Irving; Jane Connell; Jane Summerhays; Nick Ullett; Timothy Jerome; Thomas Toner; Leo Leyden; Justine Johnston; Elizabeth Larner; Eric Hutson; John Spalla; Corrine Melançon; Susan Cella; Kenneth H Waller; Bill Brassea; Eric Johnson; Cleve Asbury; Jonathan Brody; Frankie Cassady; Sheri Cowart; Bob Freschi; Anne-Marie Gerard; Larry Hansen; Ida Henry; Randy Hills; K Craig Innes; Michael Hayward-Jones; Barry McNabb; Donna Monroe; Barbara Moroz; William Ryall; Cynthia Thole; Mike Turner; Dana Walker; Betty L Corwin; Noel Gay; Stage Promotions Limited & Co.; Herman Goldman Foundation.; New York Public Library, Billy Rose Theatre Collection, Theatre on Film and Tape Archive.
|OCLC Number:
|A videorecording of excerpts from this production, taped in Aug. 1986, is available on NCOX 767.
Copy of program available.
|Set design, Martin Johns ; costume designs by Ann Curtis ; lighting design by Chris Ellis & Roger Morgan ; musical direction by Stanley Lebowsky ; sound design by Tom Morse ; orchestrations & dance arrangements by Chris Walker ; dance assistant, Karin Baker ; production stage manager, Steven Zweigbaum.
|Robert Lindsay, Maryann Plunkett, George S. Irving, Jane Connell, Jane Summerhays, Nick Ullett, Timothy Jerome, Thomas Toner, Leo Leyden, Justine Johnston, Elizabeth Larner, Eric Hutson, John Spalla, Corrine Melançon, Susan Cella, Kenneth H. Waller, Bill Brassea, Eric Johnson, Cleve Asbury, Jonathan Brody, Frankie Cassady, Sheri Cowart, Bob Freschi, Anne-Marie Gerard, Larry Hansen, Ida Henry, Randy Hills, K. Craig Innes, Michael Hayward-Jones, Barry McNabb, Donna Monroe, Barbara Moroz, William Ryall, Cynthia Thole, Mike Turner, Dana Walker.
|Event notes:
|Videotaped by The New York Public Library's Theatre on Film and Tape Archive at the Marquis Theatre, New York, N.Y., Jan. 28, 1987.
|4 videocassettes (146 min.) : sound, color NTSC ; 3/4 in. (U-matic)
|Richard Armitage, Terry Allen Kramer, James M. Nederlander, Stage Promotions Limited & Co., present ; book and lyrics by L. Arthur Rose and Douglas Furber ; book revised by Stephen Fry ; contributions to revisions by Mike Ockrent ; music by Noel Gay ; choreography by Gillian Gregory ; directed by Mike Ockrent ; [video producer] Theatre on Film and Tape Archive, Betty L. Corwin, director.
User-contributed reviews


text:
I quit smoking a while back. I still use tobacco, still an addict, I just stopped inhaling smoke.
I was finishing up an apartment and a guy offered me a cigarette. I took one, lit it, and it tasted like cigarettes used to taste. Took me back to when I was first getting started. I noticed something else that I'd felt way back then… inhaling tobacco smoke felt bad. I didn't like it. I took a couple drags then handed it back. Said, "Here, take it with you".
Then, a few minutes later, I noticed something else. I wanted to light up another one. Weird. It didn't feel good. I didn't like it. I wanted another… Very weird


text:
Life coaching and personal development for me and my two son's,im a single mother and raising two teenage boys i would like to volunteer as a client with my boys oldest is26 and youngest 20 please help
Comments for Client: Kgomotso Ramokgadi, Rustenburg, Northwest
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text:
How to Make Thanksgiving Snack Boats
|While the Thanksgiving meal cooks and buttery smells drift lazily through the air, your guests are shushing rumbling stomachs and trying not to drool at the greasy pizza commercial on TV. When good food takes time to make, serve up some grub to shore up restless appetites. Create custom labels with free templates on Avery Design & Print to identify your munchies or place settings, then ship out the supplies to the hungry crew.
What you'll need
Create your labels for the sail
|Open the label design template on Avery Design & Print.
|Drift over to the Sheet Navigator on the right side of the screen. To customize each label, click the Edit One tab.
|Click to highlight the text box and add your personalized text.
|Want to change the look of your text? Use the text menu found on the left to change the font, size and color.
|Once you've finished entering your text, click the Preview & Print button on the upper-right-hand corner of the screen to review. When you're ready to print, load the label sheet into the printer and print.
Create the sail
|Open the sail template and print on a sheet of paper.
|Cut out the sail template, and use it to outline the sail on colored paper or construction paper. Cut out the sail from the colored paper. Gently make two incisions on the sail, about two inches apart. Weave the skewer through the two incisions, then attach your square label.
|Fill up your boats, pierce the food to steady the mast and let your snacks set sail!


text:
The Mystic Whistle (イタコ笛 , itako fue, literally translated as Itako Whistle) is item number 4 of the Spirit Detective tool kit. The name is a pun, given that the term itako is usually written as いたこ.[1]
Chapter Black SagaEdit
Botan uses this device in order to try and find Hiei after Yusuke gets kidnapped.[2]
This device is something of a dog whistle for demons/apparitions, emitting a soundwave that only their kind can hear. The stronger the Spirit Energy of the person who blows into it, the louder the noise it makes. Also, the stronger a demon's energy, the louder the sound is.[3]
Botan claims to be capable of making this peculiar sound wave travel at least sixty miles, and describes it as "rather annoying," in her words.[4]


text:
One of the best defenseman available in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft is set to join the team that cleaned up at the top of the 2016 Draft, Boston University. This June, the Terriers watched as a combination of current players and 2016-17 commits were selected all over the first round of the NHL Draft. Freshman Clayton Keller went #7 to the Arizona Coyotes, sophomore defenseman Charlie McAvoy was taken by the hometown Boston Bruins at #14, freshman defenseman Dante Fabbro went soon after at #17 to the Nashville Predators, and almost immediately following that, freshman forward Kieffer Bellows went #19 to the New York Islanders. Yet another freshman defenseman, Chad Krys, was selected by the Chicago Blackhawks in the second round. After the recent commitment of Kasper Kotkansalo, BU will have yet another defenseman go early in 2017.
Kotkansalo, a strong, Finnish defenseman who played most of his junior hockey with the Espoo Blues in Finland, finally made the jump overseas this year to play with the Sioux Falls Stampede of the USHL. Just three games in to the new campaign, Kotkansalo has decided where he'll be going for his next season in North America, as he'll head to Boston to join the Terriers. In a draft that looks to be dominated early on by CHL junior players, Kotkansalo appears to be one of only three NCAA-bound players that look like first round picks at this point. His Blues and World Juniors teammate Eeli Tolvanen has gone from friend to foe, joining USHL rival Sioux City Musketeers this season, having already committed to joining BU's biggest rival, the Boston College Eagles, next year. Tolvanen is expected not only to be a first round pick, but a top ten pick. After the winger Tolvanen is center Casey Mittelstadt, an American playing for the USHL's Green Bay Gamblers and committed to the University of Minnesota. Mittelstadt too is a bona-fide first rounder, with potential to move up into the top ten ranger as well.
Rounding out the group is Kotkansalo, who is expected by most to be a mid-to-late first round pick, and right now is realistically the only NCAA-bound defenseman capable of being taken near the top of the draft. The fact that he is headed to a school where he will play with other top picks may be enticing for teams, as Boston University has put together an elite team where player development is assured. Watch for the big Finnish blue liner this June in the NHL Draft and next year in NCAA action with the BU Terriers.


text: ← #009: Blastoise Pokémon #011: Metapod → Contents[show] Audio Caterpie's Big Dilemma Caterpie, the Worm Pokémon. Caterpie uses the suction cups on its feet to climb trees and feed on its favorite leaves. Butterfree and Me! Caterpie, the Worm Pokémon. To repel enemies, Caterpie releases an unpleasant odor from its red antenna. It molts several times while growing. SFX Cards Diamond & Pearl EX HeartGold & SoulSilver XY Gallery Normal Shiny Products Audio Caterpie Pokémon-44 Kanto Scans 001-029 Kanto Pokémon SFX Posters Bug Pokémon Pokémon 001-010 See Also Template:Navbox: Bug Types ← #009: Blastoise Pokémon #011: Metapod → Retrieved from "http://leonhartopedia.wikia.com/wiki/Caterpie?oldid=49716" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Caterpie


text:
"Critical Care"
About: Poole General Hospital Poole General Hospital Poole BH15 2JB
Posted by Anonymous
Anything else?
Our experience of the hospital during a period of critical illness has been excellent with emergency operations performed at midnight and early morning. Staff at all levels have been helpful in keeping family informed and involved. Care at Intensive, high dependency and nursing levels was consistently good. Choice of food was wide and quality good. Follow up was to the same standard.


text:
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text:
Certainly, he doesn't give the impression that he's struggling. He sponsors his daughter, who is working on a real estate project in Madagascar and is famous for hosting lavish parties. Her 18th birthday was an historical extravaganza, held in St. Petersburg, Russia, that WSJ Magazine called a "Hollywood-worthy production." It featured 300 guests and the actors came dressed as Bolshevik peasants, Soviet soldiers and imperial Russian royalty.
Mr. Flohr himself races cars and has twice put himself and an old Porsche 911 RS through the 4,500-kilometre East African Safari Rally. In the 2011 edition, a flash flood swamped the car, putting him out of contention. He now pilots GT3 cars in world circuit races.
His modern art collection is superb, is biased toward street art and includes pieces by Jeff Koons, Keith Haring and Sterling Ruby. The London gallery can be seen "by appointment only," he says.
But it is Bombardier business jets that he is most interested in collecting and he gives no hint that, a decade after VistaJet's launch, he's ready to slow down or sell out.
Bombardier could not be happier. "I am the biggest Bombardier customer in the world," he says. "And the Global is the best product in the industry."
Personal: Father of Nina Flohr, 26, trained in marketing and branding. "I was a single dad. raised her."
Favourite pastimes: Playing squash and cooking. "I love to cook Italian food. It's the only thing that destresses me."
Favourite author: Hermann Hesse (author of Steppenwolf)
Favourite food: Italian
Favourite drinks: "A great glass of red wine and mojitos."
Favourite holiday destination: Anywhere in Africa, especially Kenya.
Modern artists collected: Keith Haring, Richard Hambleton, Retna, Ian Davenport
Car used in East Africa rallies: Classic 1976 Porsche 911, without a turbo engine or four-wheel drive
What he wants to be when he grows up: "The same young man I am today."Report Typo/Error
Follow @eregulyon Twitter:


text:
WANTED- Eastern Mud Snail
The Eastern mud snail also known as Ilyanassa obsoleta, has a plain, dark black shell that is 1.5-3 cm high, with 5-6 spirals and a blunt, conical spire.
The first time the snails were discovered in the United States they were found in Snake River in Idaho. Now the snails have spread out of control throughout the western United States. The snails have created habitats in rivers in 10 western states and three national parks such as Grand Canyon and Yellowstone.
The New Zealand mud sail eats dead plants and bacteria also aglea, which is why it's such a big deal in the united states. The snails are messing up the food chain because, they are out beating all the other animals to food and rapidly producing. The mud snail has produced more in the united state, there aren't any predators in america and they can easily adapt to our weather changes, making survival easy for them.
Cool facts
The Mud snail can survive several days out of water
The Mud snails reproduce sexually and little things like clothing, pets, fishing gear can allow them to produce rapidly
Mud snail populations usually reach 28,000 snail per square foot of their habitat


text:
7338 Oakhaven Court, Ada 49301
See more homes for sale in Ada, MI
This property has been Sold!
07/29/2016 at $575,000
Property Information
- Status
- Sold
- Address
- 7338 Oakhaven Court
- City
- Ada
- Zip
- 49301
- County
- Kent
- Township
- Ada Twp
- Possession
- At Close
- Zoning
- Res
- Total Finished SqFt
- 4,752
- Above Grade SqFt
- 3,790
- Garage Desc.
- 4, Attached, Detached
- Water
- Well
- Sewer
- Septic System
- Year Built
- 1999
- Taxes
- $7,921
Rooms and Land
- MasterBedroom
- 2nd Floor
- Bedroom2
- 2nd Floor
- Bedroom3
- Lower Floor
- Bedroom4
- 2nd Floor
- Bath
- 2nd Floor
- Den
- 2nd Floor
- Dining
- 1st Floor
- Family
- Lower Floor
- Kitchen
- 1st Floor
- Laundry
- 2nd Floor
- Living
- 1st Floor
- Other
- 1st Floor
- Basement
- Daylight, Walk Out
- Cooling
- Central
- Heating
- Forced Air, Natural Gas
- Acreage
- 3.5
- Lot Dimensions
- 50x155x435x185x290x245
- Appliances
- Cook Top, Dishwasher, Garbage Disposal, Microwave, Oven, Refrigerator
- Fireplace Desc.
- Gas Log, Other, Rec Room, Wood
- Features
- Ceiling Fans, Central Vacuum, Garage Door Opener, Humidifier, Satellite System, Water Softener/Owned, Wood Floor
- Exterior Materials
- Stone, Wood
- Exterior Features
- Deck(s), Scrn Porch
Listing Video for 7338 Oakhaven Court, Ada MI 49301
Mortgage Calculator
Listing Broker
Listing Courtesy of Coldwell Banker Ajs (28th St)
Office Address 3744 28th St. Se
Listing Agent Robert A Antonini
Listings last updated: . Some properties that appear for sale on this web site may subsequently have been sold and may no longer be available.
Our Michigan real estate agents can answer all of your questions about 7338 Oakhaven Court, Ada MI 49301. Real Estate One, Max Broock Realtors, and J&J Realtors are part of the Real Estate One Family of Companies and dominate the Ada, Michigan real estate market. To sell or buy a home in Ada, Michigan, contact our real estate agents as we know the Ada, Michigan real estate market better than anyone with over 100 years of experience in Ada, Michigan real estate for sale.
The data relating to real estate for sale on this web site appears in part from the IDX programs of our Multiple Listing Services. Real Estate listings held by brokerage firms other than Real Estate One includes the name and address of the listing broker where available.
IDX information is provided exclusively for consumers personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing.
All information deemed materially reliable but not guaranteed. Interested parties are encouraged to verify all information. Copyright© 2017 MichRIC LLC, All rights reserved.


text:
In recent days, use of internet has increased to a considerable extent. All individuals, young and old are getting used to making use of the internet in their daily routine for each and everything they require, be it online shopping, clearing their doubts in studies, looking for a job and also in getting ideas for repair or renovation. Thus, in order to select new kitchen designs internet is the best solution so that one can go through thousands and many more designs and decide upon the…Continue
Added by Mary Mathis on September 20, 2016 at 8:04am — No Comments
Have you tried the Mean Green Product line?
Added by Cassandra L. Pinson on April 21, 2016 at 9:08pm — No Comments
Elijah was pretty excited when he realized today that Thanksgiving is not very far away. He's looking forward to the "big feast," he said.
For the last two years, Elijah has enjoyed contributing to the Thanksgiving "feasting" by making a dish to share with our families: fruit cocktail…Continue
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Hawaiian Punch, coffee, diet Mountain Dew, salsa, wine, projectile vomit; you name it and it has been on my floor! I use to take pride in having a neat and orderly home, but with a husband, two boys and a Doberman, there is only so much a Mom can do. And quite frankly, it is exhausting trying to keep up with…Continue
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We all love glowing healthy skin. We do all sorts of things to maintain the youthful glow. Pay LOTS of $$$ for all the "new" products that we thrown at us in all our magazines and on TV. I could shell out a fortune trying them all out. Having worked retail in cosmetics........ Well let's just say old habits die hard.
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Added by Hope Brissette on September 29, 2014 at 10:00am — 1 Comment
For more simple ideas and kitchen tips, visit www.SimpleSolutionsDiva.com.
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text:
Strain: Alcatraz OG
Breeder: NorStar Genetics
Location: indoor, outdoor
Type: mostly sativa
Flowering: ~70 days
No feminized seeds.
Breeder: NorStar Genetics
Location: indoor, outdoor
Type: mostly sativa
Flowering: ~70 days
No feminized seeds.
NorStar Genetics - Alcatraz OG
This Hell's Backcross could have you thrown in jail for robbing a diamond mine she gets so frosty! Her powerful aroma is only second to her "slap you in the face" potency. Her flavor lingers on your lips enticing you to have some more, and her heavy OG effects won't let you say no! This Cross delivers Pure OG funk that can't be mistaken for anything else... Bay Area's finest for you!
Genetics: Hell's OG x Frisco OG (70% Sativa)
Yield: Moderate
Flowering time indoor: 65-75 days
Harvesting outdoor: Mid. - End October
Strain Lineage / Genealogy
- Alcatraz OG »»» Hells Angel OG x Frisco OG
- Hells Angel OG
- »»» OG Kush x Blackberry Nebus
- OG Kush
- »»» Chemdawg x {Lemon Thai x Hindu Kush, Pakistan} Probably
- Lemon Thai x Hindu Kush, Pakistan
- Lemon Thai »»» Sativa
- Chemdawg
- Unknown Indica »»» Indica
- Blackberry Nebus
- »»» The Black x Afghani
- The Black
- »»» Afghanistan x {Nepal x Hawaii} Probably
- Nepal x Hawaii
- Afghanistan »»» Indica
- Afghani
- Afghanistan Probably Indica »»» Indica
- Frisco OG
- »»» Hells Angel OG x DeadHead OG
- Hells Angel OG (specified above)
- DeadHead OG
- »»» Chem 91 Skunk VA x SFV OG Kush F4
- Chem 91 Skunk VA
91 Skunk VA
- Chem Dawg (specified above)
- SFV OG Kush F4
- »»» SFV OG x Afghani #1
- OG Kush SFV Cut (specified above)
- Afghani #1
- »»» Afghanistan x Afghanistan
- Afghanistan »»» Indica
- Afghanistan »»» Indica
Some more breadcrumbs:
SeedFinder › Database › Strains › Alphabetical [A] › Alcatraz OG (NorStar Genetics)
last strain - next strain


text:
LIRS supports improving the family-based immigration system to ensure the timely reunification of families. LIRS also supports the consideration of family unity in enforcement activities. We are deeply concerned that the U.S. immigration system separates families when Christian tradition and our own experience providing services to families nationwide uphold the central role of family in the formation of faith, character, and community. More information here.
As part of this belief, Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Service (LIRS) works with the Office of Refugee Resettlement, Division of Children's Services (ORR/DCS) to promote the safety and well-being of unaccompanied children (UC) apprehended in the United States. As the number of unaccompanied children crossing the border has soared to over the past few years, ORR/DCS and its nonprofit partners like LIRS have played a critical role in their care and protection.
LIRS serves UCs and their families with a network community-based approach built on the strengths, assets, and leadership of our local partners in targeted communities with high rates of release. In partnership with ORR/DCS since 2006, LIRS has conducted home assessments and follow-up services to UCs. Based on LIRS's experience and knowledge of the field, we have developed best practices, specialized trainings, and other tools and materials. We provide technical assistance for those within and outside our partner network to equip all involved in providing services to unaccompanied children with the right knowledge and information to succeed.
LIRS local partners provide Home Study and Post Release Services in the following locations:
Lutheran Services of Florida, Tampa
Lutheran Services of Georgia, Atlanta
Bethany Christian Services of Maryland, Crofton
Massachusetts and New England regions
Bethany Christian Services of New England, North Andover
North and South Carolina
Lutheran Family Services of the Carolinas, Salisbury
New Jersey
Bethany Christian Services of New York/New Jersey, Fairlawn
New York and surrounding areas
Family and Children Association of New York, Mineola
Refugee Services of Texas, Austin
Virginia – Northern and Central Virginia regions
Northern Virginia Family Services
For more information on the LIRS Family Reunification Partners or to send a referral, please email firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Please confirm that you want to add Travel Hacks: How I Save up to 81% on Flights and Vacations! to your Wishlist.
You're here because you're ready to travel.
Or maybe you already travel a lot and want to take things to the next level?
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Once you've got that locked down, I'll show you strategies that save you hours of hassle in the airport and abroad.
By then you'll be ready for the next section which is the fast-track method to cutting airfare costs in half or more!
"Useful space saving tips" - Sasha Alexas
Over 54 Lectures you will learn:
How to Squeeze up to 67% More in your Travel Bags
The Smartest Way to Pack your Items on Long Trips
How to Save Hours of Time by Using Online Tools
How to Save up to 81% on Flights with 10 Different Methods
How to Make Phone Calls Overseas for FREE
How to Stay in Accomodations Abroad for FREE
Bonus Chapter: How to Have the Trip of a Lifetime and Avoid Unnecessary Headaches
What else will you get?
A friendly, informal community to support you every step of the way
Personal contact with me, the course tutor
Tested walkthroughs to Follow step-by-step
The exact websites, tools, and resources to use
Lifetime access to course materials
Hands-on learning to lock that knowledge in
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Plus you'll get fast, friendly, responsive support on the Udemy forums. Or enjoy chatting with thousands of other students in my friendly forums.
"Clear speech and good outline" - David Jacobs
I guarantee that ANYONE can benefit from taking this course, whether it's planning a fun weekend trip or making a lifestyle change by traveling the world.
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p.s. Udemy has a 30 Day Guarantee... if for any reason you aren't satisfied, I will personally make sure you get your money back. No Questions Asked.
Watch This Video First Before Getting Started so You Can Get the Most Out of This Course.
Lecture Material- A Simple Way to Squeeze 67% More in your bags + Correct Use of a Dryer Sheet While Traveling
Lecture Material- The Smartest Way to Pack Clothes and Other Space Related Hacks
Lecture Material- Save Space with Your Shoes, Lotions, and Preserve your Razor
Lecture Material- Smart Space Saving Strategies for your Headphones, Hair Clips, and More
Lecture Material- How to Keep your Collars Stiff and Other Related Hacks (You Don't Know)
Lecture Material- Enjoy the Beverage you Want on the Plan and Many More Related Hacks
Lecture Material- Packing Tips, Make-up Tips, and How Not to Embarrass Yourself
Lecture Material- Why You Will Hate Books and What Boy Scouts Can Teach You About Travel
Let's refresh what we've learned so far...
Lecture Material- Why Other Passengers Will HATE You After You Follow this Strategy...
Lecture Material- Save Hours of your Time By Doing this Online
Lecture Material- Smartest Way to Go Through Airport Security + Knowing the Seating Arrangement Ahead of Time
Lecture Material- The Correct Way to Check this One Thing Ahead of Time to Save the Trip
Lecture Material- A Quick Online Check to Save you Hours of Hassle
Lecture Material- The Best Way to Prevent Tampering with Your Luggage
Lecture Material- How Planning will Save your Life
Lecture Material- Shortcut the Language Learning Process and Do This Instead!
Lecture Material- How to Never Miss Another Flight
Lecture Material- Save yourself the Sleepless Nights + Prevent Your Money from Being Stolen by following this tip + Prevent Your Money from Being Stolen by following this other tip
Let's refresh what we've learned so far...
Lecture Material- Most People Overpay when Choosing Flights Because they Do this
Lecture Material- The Best Service to Find Flights + The Cheapest Service to Find Flights
Lecture Material- an Extra 5 Minutes can Save you $100s with this Tip+ How to Save 27% More when Booking Flights and Hotels
Lecture Material- How to Save 17% More when Booking Flights + Choosing the Right Time Can Cut Your Expenses by 50%
Lecture Material- Another Tip to Help You Save Even More on Flights + One More Tip to Save Even More When Choosing Flights
Lecture Material- The Best Strategy for Saving Money on Wifi and Cell Phone Service
Lecture Material- Call Overseas for Free + What to Look for When Getting Travel Bonuses
Lecture Material- Improve your Costs By Keeping these Two Things Flexible
Lecture Material- What are the World's Best Airlines?
Lecture Material- World's Best Credit Cards for Travel Rewards + Better Experience the Country and Lower your Accomodation Expenses
Lecture Material- How to Upgrade your Hotel Room for FREE + How to Lower your Hotel Stay Cost
Lecture Material- Most Effective way to Save on Rental Car Insurance + Experienced Travelers Never Pay ATM Fees by Doing This...
Lecture Material- How to Save Money on Souvenirs...
Lecture Material- How to Find the Best Hostels for the Best Rate + Cut Down your Transportation Costs by 42%
Lecture Material- Are you Running Low on Cash? Do This... + Stay With a Local to Better Experience the Country
Lecture Material- Camp on Empty Plots of Land All Over the World
Lecture Material- How to Stay for FREE in a Country and How to Stay at Universities
Lecture Material- Even More Ways to Save On Accomodation
Lecture Material- Another Way to Get Free Accomodation Wherever You Go + Where the Smartest Travelers Get Their Money Exchanged
Lecture Material- Most Powerful Tool for Finding Exchange Rates
Let's refresh what we've learned so far...
Lecture Material- Mistake that Tourists Make + Save Yourself a Ton of Headache when Dealing with International Plugs
Lecture Material- Travel More Comfortably Even if you are on a Budget + Keep yourself 100% Safe while in Foreign Places
Lecture Material- Stay Fresh and Wrinkle Free Even if you are 1000 Miles Away from Home + How to Never Forget your Parking Spot Again + Keep your Backpack Dry + How to Never Lose your Money Again + A Small Act of Charity to Make your Life Easier
Lecture Material- Find the Elusive Wifi Password + Protect the Most valuable Asset you Have Ever Owned
Lecture Material- Don't Be Stranded Forever in a Country + How to Legally Hack Google Maps
Lecture Material- Smart Tips for Electronics, the Embassy, and More...
Lecture Material- SEVEN Specific Ways to Save Yourself Tons of Hassle
Let's refresh what we've learned so far...
Lecture Material- FIVE Hacks to Help You Get the Most of Your Travels
Lecture Material- Mental Hacks to Have the Best Travel Experience
Scams to Avoid (Part 1, #1-5)
Lecture Material- Scams to Avoid (Part 2, #6-10)
Lecture Material- Scams to Avoid (Part 3, #11-15)
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Broad Ripple residents hold peace rally
BROAD RIPPLE, Ind.
Broad Ripple was packed Monday as residents held a peace rally on Broad Ripple Avenue.
People held signs along the avenue, showing their support for the community after a recent rash of violence.
"They're scared to come out. It sucks. That's why we're having the rally. It's not fair for, I mean, don't be scared, don't let violence overcome, take over, what is your daily life. That's our whole thing. Take back Broad Ripple, too," organizers of the rally said.
Peace rally organizers want everyone to know Broad Ripple is safe and a great place to visit.


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Delete block edges in ICEM CFD
I'm creating Blocks in ICEM CFD. How do I deleted the Block edges instead of using Undo?
Re: Delete block edges in ICEM CFD
Hi, you can go to merge option and then either merge two opposite faces or instead you could also merge diagonal opposite vertice to collapse the block .Let me know you have managed it or not
Best of luck
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Be the first AL.com user to add photos or videos of K W Plastics
Since 1998 the company has been providing Manufacturing - Polypropylene Film And Sheet.


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Zombie Flesh Hands Horror Costume Accessory
Product Number:Gh_25306
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COMING IN 2018 Living in their tiny shed amongst the garden tools, Mr and Mrs Chickweed's prize-winning vegetables have taken over everything! Before they retire, they can't resist planting one last seed!But no one knew that a vegetable could grow bigger than the cat, the dog and you and me put together! It's gigantic, it's roots are under the house and it's taking over!Help us pull together to get this turnip out of the ground before it takes over the planet!With support from The Point and The Berry Theatre. Originally commissioned by Lighthouse, Poole's centre for the arts, supported by Salisbury Playhouse
Copyright © 2010-17 - Stuff and Nonsense Theatre Company Website design: Miranda Coulson