text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 19, 1997
|Filing date
|Jun 30, 1994
|Priority date
|Jun 30, 1994
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Farzad Bibayan
|Original Assignee
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (13), Non-Patent Citations (30), Referenced by (99), Classifications (7), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is being filed with an appendix entitled, "Pseudo MDI Architecture and Programmer's Guide, Version 1".
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention concerns a method of and system for generating a user-display interface in a windows operating system. More particularly, the invention concerns a method of and system for generating a user-display interface which displays and closes child windows at positions on a display screen that are independent of the positions of the parent window.
2. Description of the Related Art
Microsoft Windows (hereafter "Windows") is software package commercially available from Microsoft Corporation, which acts as an interface between DOS and the computer user. The use of Windows is described, for example, in Person, et al., Windows 3.1QuickStart, 1992. The window structure and user interface provided by Windows is controlled by a Microsoft specification, Multiple Document Interface (hereafter "MDI"), which is described, for example, in Petzold, Programming Windows 3.1, Chapter 18. The contents of each of these publications are expressly incorporated herein by reference.
The MDI protocol dictates where and when various windows may be displayed on a computer display screen. Generally speaking, windows are of two varieties: a parent window and a child window. Typically, a parent window is opened when a user initiates execution of an application program. As execution of the application program continues, the parent window opens various child windows which allow the user to access various functionality in the application program. For example, a parent window may be opened when a user initiates execution of a word processing program. The parent window will, in turn, open a child window corresponding to each document that the user is editing or creating.
The MDI protocol dictates where on the display screen a child window can appear with respect to the position of the parent window, and dictates the change in appearance of the parent and child windows in response to various windows activities such as closing or iconizing.
The MIDI protocol, however, suffers from a disadvantage in that child windows are always constrained to lie within a frame defined by the parent window. As more and more child windows are opened, this constraint results in needless clutter on the display screen, making it difficult for a user to find a desired child window and to navigate through all of the windows.
FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate this situation with respect to an application program (hereinafter "Message Manager application program") which allows a user to send and receive multimedia messages, to manage an address book of addresses for multimedia messages, to create and edit and retrieve multimedia messages, and to dial out automatically for sending messages. Operation of a suitable Message Manager is described in detail in application Ser. No. 07/808,757, filed Dec. 17, 1991, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate how the MDI protocol affects the appearance of various windows that are displayed on screen 61 of a computer display terminal 62.
As shown in these figures, parent window 50 is opened when the user initiates execution of the Message Manager application program. Window 50 is provided with a header block 51, which includes a document control icon 52, a menu bar 54 and a minimize button 56. Selecting "minimize" button 56, or selecting "minimize" from a pull-down menu, reduces window 50 to an icon, that is a small graphical representation of window 50 which is displayed on screen 61. This process may be referred to as "iconizing". As will be understood by those of ordinary skill, document control icon 52 may be used to change the size or position of window 50 within display screen 61, for example, by selecting from the "move", "size", "minimize" and "maximize" menu items that are available from the pull-down menu that is displayed after document control icon 52 is selected. In addition, "Minimize" button 56 may be selected so as to minimize the screen quickly without the need for selecting from a pull-down menu.
Menu bar 54 extends horizontally across a top portion of window 50 and displays menu items available to the user, such as "file", "edit", "create", "help" and the like. Each of the menu items displayed on menu bar 54 in turn may include secondary menu items selectable from a pull-down menu. As will be understood to those skilled in the art, pull-down menus extend vertically downward from a menu item on menu bar 54 and may include various additional menu items which further specify the commands available for selection by the user.
Using a keyboard, a mouse, or the like, a user may select various items from menu bar 54 so as to initiate execution of a desired command by the computer. For example, a user may select a menu item or other object by pressing the "enter" key on a keyboard or by "clicking" a mouse on a desired item.
A window frame 63 is associated with window 50. Window frame 63, whose size may be manipulated and adjusted by the user, sets the maximum extent of operations that are controlled by parent window 50 and the Message Manager application program. That is, anything on screen 61 outside of frame 63 is not associated with the Message Manager application program while anything within frame 63 is.
Each window 50 may itself display zero or more document icons 57 or zero or more child windows 58. Child windows may hereinafter be referred to as "document windows" even though, as illustrated in FIG. 1A, the child window 58 might not necessarily contain a document (in FIG. 1A window 58 is a "dialer"). Document icons 57 are small representations that, when selected by the user, become document windows 58. Like window 50, document windows 58 may also be provided with a document control icon and a minimize button, but typically document windows 58 are not provided with menu bars. The menu items displayed on menu bar 54 apply to document windows 58.
Document windows 58 contain the data or document on which the application programs represented by parent window 50 work. The sizes and positions of document windows 58 displayed in parent window 50 may be varied by the user, for example, by "dragging" the document window across the screen. The MDI protocol, however, constrains display of child windows 58 such that no part of window 58 may be moved beyond frame 63. Thus, as shown in FIG. 1A, although an attempt has been made to move child window 58 beyond the lower left boundary of frame 63, the MDI protocol does not permit display of any portion of document window 58 that would have extended beyond frame 63.
This constraint can result in unnecessarily cluttered displays. For example, as shown in FIG. 1B, a user has opened a second document window 58. However, because of the constraint that no portion of a document window can extend beyond frame 63, one document window partially overlaps and obscures the other document window. Thus, there is a need for a user interface for multiple child (or document) windows which does not constrain the position of the child windows to lie within a frame defined by the parent window.
One commonly accepted reason for the constraint imposed by the MDI protocol is to simplify how MDI controls the reaction of parent and child windows to various user commands to open, close and manipulate the windows. For example, when a user no longer desires to continue execution of the application program corresponding to window 50, the user may "close" that application by selecting a "close" menu item from document control icon 52. The MDI protocol governs the closing of windows, and will ensure that all open documents (or child) windows within parent window 50 are also properly closed down when parent window 50 is closed down.
Thus, there is a need to ensure that child windows positioned outside a parent window frame react properly to commands which effect the parent window or other windows.
It is an object of the present invention to address the foregoing deficiencies by providing a method of and system for generating a user-display interface which may display child windows at positions on a display screen that are independent of the position and size of the parent window.
It is a further object of the present invention to address the foregoing deficiencies by providing a method of and system for generating a user-display interface which displays child windows at positions on a display screen that are independent of the position and size of the parent window while at the same time ensuring that closing or iconizing a parent window will close child windows positioned outside thereof.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a method of and system for generating a user-display interface which displays windows on a display screen wherein the contents of a menu displayed on the screen may be altered in accordance with the context type of the child windows being displayed.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a method of and system for generating a user-display interface are provided in which an application is constructed. The application is executed to create a server and a context manager. The application also creates and initializes a frame window, the frame window including at least an application menu and being commanded by the application so that a header block of the frame window may be selectively displayed by the operating system as a visible window on a display screen. The frame window is executed to create zero or more child nodes in response to requests to open child nodes from the application, each of the child nodes having a context type associated therewith and zero or more of the child nodes being context sensitive, the context type being monitored by the context manager, each of the child nodes being commanded by the frame to be selectively displayed by the operating system as a visible window on the display screen. Items of the application menu may be altered as a function of the context type currently being monitored by the context manager.
These and other features and advantages according to the present invention will be more readily understood by reference to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment thereof taken in conjunction with the attached drawings.
FIGS. 1A and 1B are depictions of conventional computer display screens representative of displays generated, for example, by Microsoft Windows;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an object-oriented implementation of features of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a depiction of a computer display screen representative of a display generated by the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a further depiction of a computer display screen representative of a display generated by the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 2; and
FIGS. 7A and 7B are still further depictions of computer display screens for illustrating the context management performed by the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 2.
FIG. 2 is a view showing the outward appearance of a representative embodiment of the present invention. Shown in FIG. 2 is computing equipment 60, such as an IBM-PC or PC-compatible computer having a user interface operating system, such as a Microsoft Windows operating system. Computing equipment 60 is provided with a display unit 62, such as a color monitor, having a display screen area 61, and also with an internal speaker 64. Computing equipment 60 also includes a mass storage device such as computer disk drive 66 for storing data files such as bitmap image files, data files, text files, sound files and the like; and for storing application program files which contain stored program instruction sequences by which computing equipment 60 manipulates data files and presents data in those files to a computer operator via display screen 61 or speaker 64.
Computer disk drive 66 further stores various applications, such as the Message Manager application program and other applications according to the present invention, a server, a frame, a context manager, a windows operating system, and the like. Computer disk drive 66 may further store data files, such as a Message Manager data base including multimedia data files, address book files, dialer files, log files, text files, etc., which have specific utility with the Message Manager application program, or with other applications configured according to the present invention.
A keyboard 68 is connected to computing equipment 60 to permit input of text data and to permit manipulation of objects displayed on display screen 61. Likewise, a pointing device 70, such as a mouse or the like, is connected to permit manipulation of objects on display screen 61. Microphone 72 permits inputting audio information.
A scanner 74 scans documents or other images and provides bitmap images of those documents to computing equipment 60. Other means for supplying bitmap image data and other data may be provided, through, for example, CD-ROMs or a modem (not shown) in computing equipment 60 via a telephone link or a network link. Likewise, a removable floppy disk drive may be provided, or digital or analog video information may be input to computing equipment 60 via an unshown video interface.
Computing equipment 60 also includes a printer 75, which operates in a conventional manner.
In accordance with operator instructions, and under the control of the operating system, stored application programs, such as the Message Manager application program, are selectively activated to process and manipulate input data.
FIG. 3 is a detailed block diagram showing the internal construction of computing equipment 60. As shown in FIG. 3, computing equipment 60 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 76, such as a programmable microprocessor, interfaced to a computer bus 78. Also interfaced to computer bus 78 is disk 66, keyboard 68 and mouse 70. A scanner interface 80 is provided for interface to scanner 74, an external interface 82, such as a network interface, is provided for interface to external storage media, a telephone interface 83 is provided for interfacing with a telephone (not shown), an audio interface 84 interfaces with microphone 72 and speaker 64, and a printer interface 85 is provided for interfacing with printer 75.
Main memory 86 interfaces to computer bus 78 so as to provide random access memory for use by CPU 76. In particular, when executing stored program instruction sequences such as those associated with the Message Manager application program or a word processing program, CPU 76 loads those instruction sequences from disk 66 (or other memory storage medium) into main memory 86 and executes those stored program instruction sequences out of main memory 86.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of various objects which are present, for example, on computer disk drive 66. The process steps which result in the objects illustrated in FIG. 4 are executed by CPU 76 in accordance with a computer program stored in main memory 86. FIG. 4 is intended to reflect an object-oriented implementation of the invention, in which separate and self-reliant software objects are provided for separable tasks. It is to be understood, however, that other implementations, including non-object-oriented implementations are also possible.
The objects illustrated in FIG. 4 may be executed in conjunction with other software applications, such as, for example, with Microsoft Windows, and may provide an interface between such applications and the user. The object architecture includes at least one application 88, a server 90, a frame 92, zero or more child nodes 94 and a context manager 96.
Application 88 is an object that encapsulates necessary initializations and preparations for an application. These include inheriting various core attributes from a standard or generic application, and thereafter enhancing the standard application, as desired by the user. The steps of inheriting and enhancing the functionality of an object may be referred to herein as "adapting" the object. In the context of Message Manager, for example, application 88 may contain a main application message loop (not shown) that is responsible for all dispatching of messages within application 88. The message loop also processes all special messages and dispatches messages to appropriate objects in the system.
In other contexts, application 88 encapsulates initializations and preparations tailored for the application in question. For example, for a word processing program, application 88 may set default parameters associated with a document to be edited, keyboard 68, printer 75 or the like.
Server 90 is created by application 88 and provides for mapping, dispatching, routing and translation of commands from the user for execution by CPU 76. Server 90 may also inherit attributes and may be enhanced or adapted as desired by the user. Preferably, server 90 is displayed on display screen 61 as a hidden window.
Frame 92 is also created by application 88 and is in communication with server 90. Frame 92 is a context-sensitive visible window object containing, for example, an application menu bar (shown in FIG. 6) and tool buttons, if any (also shown in FIG. 6). As used herein, an object that is "context-sensitive" modifies its behavior depending on the current context. For example, the particular menu items displayed on the application menu bar of frame 92 may vary as a function of the content of the data, documents, or the like on which application 88 is working. Frame 92 thus provides a mechanism by which menu bar selections may be displayed to the user and by which to route commands resulting from menu selections to child nodes 94a through 94k (in which 94a designates MDI children, 94b designates a context sensitive window with corresponding TWindow 94c, 94d designates a child which is both context sensitive and context aware, 94e designates a child, 94f designates a child window for child 94e with corresponding context aware window 94g and TWindow 94h, and 94i designates a child dialog for child 94e with corresponding context aware dialog 94j and TDialog 94k. Unlike application 88 and server 90, which are not ordinarily displayed to the user, frame 92 displays a visible header block to the user. That is, a visible header block is displayed by frame 92 on display screen 61, whereas application 88 and server 90 are hidden objects.
Frame 92 may also include an accelerator table (not shown). The accelerator table includes, for example, a list of combinations of keyboard characters which are assigned to a particular function. For example, pressing the "ALT" and "E" keys on keyboard 68 may result in an "edit" instruction, while pressing the "ALT" and "H" keys may result in a "help" instruction. Thus, the "ALT"-"E" and "ALT"-"H" key combinations, as well as other key combinations, may be recognized by the accelerator table as accelerators. Of course, accelerators may also include various other objects without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.
The use of accelerators, such as the "ALT" key, enables access from the current window to the application menu bar provided on frame 92. Thus, using accelerators permits accelerated keyboard processing by which the user may effectively select items from the application menu bar of frame 92 without exiting or changing focus of the current window.
Message management, including the execution of messages encoded as accelerators, is important to the operation of the system and method of the present invention. When messages, including accelerators and other instructions, are received by the user using keyboard 68, mouse 70 or the like, the messages are received by application 88. Application 88 first forwards the messages to server 90. If server 90 recognizes the message as being one that server 90 should execute, then server 90 executes the message. Examples of messages that may be recognized and executed by server 90 include messages to activate a frame menu bar, messages to activate a system menu, messages to close an application, messages to close a child node, messages to go to a next window, messages to go to a previous window, messages to go to a next application in the operating system, messages to activate a task manager to display a window identifying all applications on the operating system, and the like.
If server 90 does not recognize the message, then server 90 returns the message to application 88. Application 88 then sends the message to frame 92. If frame 92 recognizes the message, such as would be the case, for example, if the message were a key combination stored in the accelerator table in frame 92, then frame 92 processes the message. Otherwise, frame 92 returns the unprocessed message to application 88, which then forwards the message to child nodes 94a through 94k. If any one of child nodes 94a through 94k recognizes the message as being one that the child node should execute, then that child node executes the message. If none of the child nodes 94a through 94k does not recognize the message, the message is returned application 88, which then sends the message to other applications in the operating system.
Child nodes are objects created by frame 92 or other entities within application 88, comprising, for example, data, documents or the like on which application 88 works. For example, child nodes may be child windows, such as document windows 58 or a Borland style window object, child dialogs or a message box. (As will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, a dialog is essentially a window having a form associated with it.) It should be noted that even though child nodes are created by the user through some means in frame 92 or another application entity, the parent of all child windows is server 90.
Core functionality and default properties of child nodes may be inherited upon the creation of child nodes by frame 92 or other entities in application 88. Child nodes may then be enhanced or adapted, as desired by the user. Child nodes may be context sensitive, context aware, or both. These settings may be changed by the user, as desired. Objects that are "context aware" provide context tracer 98 (discussed below) with an identification of their context type. Like frame 92, child nodes are visibly displayed on display screen 61.
Also illustrated in FIG. 4 is a context manager 96. Context manager 96 is initialized by application 88. After being initialized, context manager 96 initializes a context tracer 98 and a context adviser 100. Context tracer 98 keeps track of the current context of the portion of the display screen on which the user is working. The current context is that of the last active one of child node 94a through 94k that is context aware. Alternatively, if there are zero child nodes, the current context may be a default context. All context aware objects pass their object types to context tracer 98 when they become active. The context type information received by context tracer 98 is passed to context adviser 100. Context adviser 100 advises all context sensitive objects when a change in context type is detected by context tracer 98.
The objects in FIG. 4 identified by non-primed numerals (e.g., 90, 92, 94, etc.) represent core architecture objects. As mentioned above, however, each of application 88, server 90, frame 92 and child nodes 94 may be enhanced to adapt specific features or attributes desired by the user° Enhanced objects are identified in FIG. 4 with a primed numeral (e.g., 90', 92', 95', etc.) For example, server 90 and frame 92 having core functionality may be enhanced or adapted, for example, to a particular application, such as Message Manager, as shown by enhanced server 90' and frame 92'. Enhanced frame 92', for example, may have a customized menu bar.
The round and oval objects illustrated in FIG. 4 collectively comprise child nodes 94a through 94k and the entities necessary to construct child nodes 94a through 94k. As mentioned above, child nodes may comprise child windows or child dialogs. Child nodes that are context aware pass their respective context types to context tracer 98, as illustrated by the dashed vertical line in FIG. 4. Child nodes 94 that are context sensitive are informed of context type changes by context adviser 100, as further illustrated by a dashed line in FIG. 4.
Child dialogs may be enhanced to adapt to a particular application. For example, child dialogs may be enhanced to become a "Config.", "Dialer" 95b', "Address Book" 95c' or "Log" 95d' dialog, as used in the Message Manager application and as illustrated in FIG. 4. Similarly, child windows may be enhanced, for example, to become "Folder" 95c' or "Message Builder" 95f' or "Text Editor" 95g' windows which are also used in the Message Manager application program and are also shown in FIG. 4. The "Folder" and "Message Builder" child windows may, in turn, be further enhanced to display "Desktop" 95b' and "In Box" 95i' windows, or "Message Editor" 95j' and "Message Viewer" 95k' windows, respectively.
The object architecture of the present invention preferably further includes a modal task processor (not shown). The modal task processor preferably may be automatically created when a modal child dialog is created and operates to require the user to respond to the child dialog before allowing the user to interact with any other component within the application. That is, no other child node 94 will be accessible by the user except for the current active child dialog. The modal task processor may also be manually started. In that case, the modal task processor must also be manually ended. All child dialogs may further create other modal child dialogs that increase the level of the modality of the application maintained by the modal processor. Upon closure of these modal child dialogs, the level of modality is decreased. The modal task processor ends when the modality level is zero.
In larger scale applications, where several applications work together to create an integrated application, there is a need for the applications to cooperate so that, even though architecturally they are separate executables, the applications are seamlessly integrated such that they appear to the user to be part of the same application. Accordingly, a cooperative application manager (not shown) may be provided to provide such cooperation. The cooperative application manager allows for separate executables to participate with the modal task processor. The result of such synchronization is that the child nodes 94 of another executable will not be accessible during modal task processing of any cooperative application.
The method and system of the present invention operate in conjunction with an established operating system, such as, for example, Windows. As is known to those of ordinary skill in the art and as discussed above, when the user of computing equipment 60 that is loaded with Windows operates equipment 60, an object, such as a parent window, may be displayed. Parent windows may further include a menu bar, program icons, or the like, from which the user may select a desired child window for display, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Thus, an established operating system, such as Windows, may be used in conjunction with the method and system of the present invention, for example, to display windows on a display screen.
According to the present invention, upon initiating execution of application 88, the selected application 88 is accessed from disk 66. For purposes of illustration, application 88 may, for example, be a Message Manager application program, as shown in FIG. 4. The selection of application 88 creates server 90, which commands the display of the header block for frame 92 on display screen 61. Frame 92 is configured according to which application 88 is selected by the user.
Referring to FIG. 5, if the selected application 88 is, for example, Message Manager, the header block 153 for frame 92 may comprise a document control icon 152 or minimize button 156 or, alternatively, may have other means for being closed or iconized. Header block 153 may further include a title bar 102, a menu bar 154 and zero or more document icons 157. Instead of or in addition to document icons 157, documents available for selection by the user also may be represented by zero or more document windows 158.
Header block 153 may extend horizontally across the entire width of display screen 61 or may be sized, as desired, to occupy any contiguous subportion of display screen 61, as will be understood by those skilled in the art.
Header block 153 does not include exterior borders defining the boundaries of the window. That is, in conventional systems, such as those shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, window 50 includes boundaries defined by frame 63. On the other hand, according to the present invention and as illustrated, for example, in FIG. 5, no side walls or boundaries extend vertically downward from header block 153. In addition, there is no bottom wall. As discussed in more detail below, because there are no side or bottom walls, document windows 158 that are opened from frame 92 or other entities in the application (i.e., child nodes 94) may be displayed anywhere on display screen 61 and are not restricted to be positioned inside the walls of a corresponding program window (i.e., the parent window).
From menu bar 154 and document icons 157 displayed on display screen 61, the user may select any of various child nodes 94 which the user desires to be displayed in connection with the given application 88. For example, referring still to FIG. 5, in which the frame 92 displays header 153 for the Message Manager application program, the user may select the Dialer document icon 157. The selection of Dialer document icon 157 by the user is effected for example, using keyboard 68 or mouse 70, signals from which are received by server 90. In response to the selection signals received from keyboard 68 or mouse 70, server 90 commands frame 92 to open the selected child node 94, e.g., document window 158. Frame 92 then commands the display of the selected document window 158 on display screen 61.
According to the present invention, child nodes 94, such as document window 158, may be displayed anywhere on display screen 61, even overlapping on the space occupied by header block 153. Because there are no side or bottom walls, document windows corresponding to the child nodes 94 can be displayed without clutter.
If desired, more than one child node 94, corresponding to document window 158, may be opened from frame 92, as illustrated, for example, in FIG. 6. In such cases, the boundaries of all document windows 158 may extend anywhere on display screen 61. As further illustrated in FIG. 6, document windows 158 each include a document control icon 152 and a minimize button 156 by which document windows may be moved and sized in a manner which will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Even though all document windows 158 are located at arbitrary positions on display screen 61, when the user instructs frame 92 to close or iconize using, for example, document control icon 152, minimize button 156 or other suitable means, then each of document windows 158 is also closed. Specifically, the close or iconize instruction is passed from keyboard 68 or mouse 70 and is received by server 90. Pursuant to the instruction, server 90 then closes not only frame 92, but also closes each child node 94 and its corresponding document window 158 which was opened from frame 92.
As a result, unlike the operation of prior art MDI-protocol applications, according to the present invention when a parent window, such as frame 92, is closed or iconized, then all child windows, e.g., child nodes 94 corresponding to document windows 158, are also closed notwithstanding the fact that the child windows are not physically located within the boundaries of the parent window. Thus, the user may overcome the constraints present in the prior art by placing child windows anywhere on display screen 61, thereby achieving a more orderly and less cluttered display environment. Unlike prior applications in which child windows that are located outside of the parent window must each be closed individually, the user of the present invention may effectively and efficiently close all child windows, wherever located, simply by closing or iconizing the parent window.
Further in accordance with the present invention, all windows, including group windows, program windows and document windows, are associated with a particular context object which identifies the context or type of window. The context type of all context aware child nodes 94 is monitored by context tracer 98 so that context manager 96 at all times knows the context of all windows being displayed on display screen 61 or selected by the user. As a result, as different windows are selected by the user the context object changes accordingly.
As mentioned above, context adviser 100 informs context sensitive objects of context type changes. This feature is particularly useful with applications that permit the user to open different types of child windows from a single parent window. In the Message Manager application program illustrated, for example, in FIG. 6, both an Address Book child window 158A and a Dialer child window 158B are open. These windows have different functions, that is, Address Book child window 158A is used to store data, such as addresses, while Dialer child window 158B is used to interface with a telephone or the like to send and receive messages. Depending on which child window 158A or 158B is being used by the user at a particular time, different functions may be performed by the user. If Address Book child window 158A is selected, for example, the following menu items may be appropriate: edit, create, save, delete, and so on. On the other hand, if Dialer child window 158B is selected, then other menu items, such as close and clear, may be appropriate. As is known in the art, these available functions are displayed to the user in the form of a menu bar or pull-down menu.
According to the present invention, as the user activates a particular child window, such as by "clicking" on it, the context type of the active child window is monitored by context tracer 98. The context type of the active window is then passed to context adviser 100, which commands the display of selected menu items on menu bar 154 in accordance with the context type of the current context of the displayed child window. The particular items comprising the pull-down menus available from each item on menu bar 154 may also be varied as a function of the context type of the selected child window. As a result, the method and system of the present invention, including context manager 96, achieve improved menu management and permit the user to more freely select different types of child windows for display. Changing from one child window to another will thus result in the contents of menu bar 154 being updated by server 90 as a function of the context of the active window which is provided by context adviser 100.
The context management achieved by context manager 96 may be further understood by reference to FIGS. 7A and 7B. As illustrated in FIG. 7A, a DeskTop child window 158C is in focus. Window 158C thus advises context tracer 98 that it is the object in context and informs context tracer 98 of its context type, that is, that it is a DeskTop child window. If the user, for example, then selects, or "clicks on", the "File" menu item on menu bar 154, a pull-down menu 160A will be displayed, extending vertically downward from the selected menu item. In accordance with the context type of the current context of DeskTop child window 158C, pull-down menu 160A will include menu items specifically directed to the window that is in context. Accordingly, pull-down menu 160A includes menu items such as "Close DeskTop", "Save Open DeskTop As File", "Print DeskTop" and the like.
If the context type of the in-context window changes, the menu-items displayed on pull-down menu 160A may also change. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 7B, if the in-focus child window becomes a Message Builder child window 158D, then window 158D will inform context tracer 98 of the change in context type, and the contents of the pull-down menu will be altered accordingly. Thus, pull-down menu 160B associated with Message Builder child window 158D may include menu items such as "Close Message", "Save Open Message As File", "Print Message" and the like, as shown in FIG. 7B.
The particular preferred protocol used in the method and system of the present invention will now be described with reference to the Programmer's Guide appended hereto. As described therein, a user-display interface according to the present invention may be developed by performing a series of steps. These steps may be broadly characterized as follows:
(1). adapting an application;
(2). adapting a server;
(3). adapting a frame; and
(4). adapting child nodes.
Optionally, a fifth step may also be performed:
(5). using a message box.
The best mode for carrying out each of these steps is set forth in detail in the appended programmer's guide and will be apparent from the disclosure set forth herein.
While the present invention has been described with respect to what is presently considered to be the preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiment. To the contrary, the invention is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. The scope of the following claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions. ##SPC1##
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Owner name: CANON INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INC., CALIFORNIA
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text:
A minkie whale that was initially mistaken for an overturned boat was found tangled in lobster traps off the eastern coast of Prince Edward Island and died on Monday.
A rescue crew rushed to Campbell's Cove on Sunday after callers reported seeing a capsized pleasure craft, but instead the crew found a whale flipped on its back. It's not clear if the crew tried to save the whale, but it was still alive the next day when Russell MacPhee, a 73-year-old fisherman, found it.
"It was like finding a needle in a haystack. I'm surprised I found it," MacPhee said. "He was a little bit alive, there was a little motion in the tail."
MacPhee and a few others on-board tried flipping the struggling, nine-metre-long whale so it could breathe through its blowhole, but the crew didn't have the right equipment.
"I just didn't know what to do," MacPhee said.
The whale died shortly after. It had deeps cuts in its belly from the rope it was tangled in, MacPhee said, but it likely suffocated.
P.E.I.'s lobster season ended Saturday, but MacPhee said some fishermen may still have had their traps in the water.
The province of P.E.I. will handle the carcass.
"I'm not aware of the circumstances of the whale's death," said a representative from the department.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Beurre Blanc
Be the first to review
READY IN: 1hr
Recipe by crosslt
Classical French Butter Sauce
See Discussion:
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1⁄3 cup white wine vinegar
- 1⁄3 cup dry white wine
- 2 large shallots, very finely chopped
- 3⁄4-1 cup unsalted butter (to your taste)
- salt & freshly ground black pepper, to taste
Directions See How It's Made
- Reduce the vinegar, wine, shallots, salt and pepper in a saucepan over medium heat to 1/4 cup mixture of solids and liquids.
- Cool the mixture to 140°F
- Place the saucepan with the reduced shallot/wine mixture over extremely low heat and whisk in the butter tablespoon by tablespoon, whisking vigorously the entire time.
- Strain the sauce into a sauceboat and serve immediately.


text:
Coming of Age -- Graduating From Emerging Status
Warren Buffet once wittingly observed that "a pack of lemmings looks like a group of rugged individualists compared with Wall Street when it gets a concept in its teeth." The latest big idea the Street has sunk its teeth into is the notion of economic "decoupling". The theory holds that emerging economies have developed to the point that they no longer depend on industrialized countries for growth, leaving them insulated from the current slowdown.
To date, the outlook for emerging markets is mixed. Stock markets - both in industrialized and developing countries -- have declined sharply. But economic figures continue to come in positively. First quarter GDP growth in China was 10.6% -- well above economist expectations. Investment performance and flows into exchange-traded funds also provide support to the decoupling camp. Barclays' flagship emerging market fund (NYSE:EEM) -- the third largest ETF in the world -- is down only 14% on the year versus the S&P 500 decline of 18%. Commodity markets also continue to soar, along with investment inflows. According to ICI data for the year ending February, assets in US commodity ETFs increased 25.7% despite only a 15% increase in the broad CRB commodity index.
The Shackles of Wall Street Vernacular The media has framed the decoupling debate in binary terms. Can they sustain their own growth or can they not? But a more useful way to approach the topic is to examine the extent to which different regions are evolving and moving to their own economic rhythm.
The term "emerging markets" itself is ambiguous and increasingly obsolete. The origin of the phrase can be traced back almost three decades to 1981 when a director at the World Bank sought to replace "third world" with something more appealing to investors. More recently, BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, China) has become the latest moniker for marketing departments to run with. State Street, Barclays and Claymore have all launched ETFs based on BRIC indices. Canada's Claymore BRIC ETF (TSX:CBQ) has already accumulated CAD 173 million since inception.
Lumping all developing countries into one category may help investment sales, but it is not particularly helpful for understanding the unique aspects of individual markets. Underlying economic fundamentals are not homogenous. Market dynamics in India differ greatly from those in Russia. And countries develop in their own unique way. What metric could be applied to determine if a country has "emerged"? South Korea is still often tagged with the label despite having per capita incomes well above the group average and being a member of the OECD. Clearly we are in need of a revised description for this asset class ... or none at all.
Current Crisis - Made in America? For many market participants in the Western world, emerging markets have become synonymous with risk. Over the last 25 years, catastrophic financial crises have been witnessed in many of these countries. The Tequila crisis in Mexico, the Russian default, the Asian crisis and the eventual devaluation and default in Argentina in 2001/2002 all had their origins in peripheral markets. But the current crisis is emanating from the core of the industrialized nations - the United States. Where, then, lies the risk today? Our view is that the fundamentals of many emerging nations have improved dramatically over the last decade. Although a slowdown in the developing world is already unfolding and full decoupling cannot be realistically expected, many countries are better positioned to weather this economic contraction.
What has made emerging markets more stable? And what makes them less susceptible to crises in the future? In the recent past, crises were triggered by debt defaults, currency crises, or large fiscal deficits. Risks from the above have been drastically reduced. In fact, fundamentals in emerging countries now often outshine their developed rivals. And many are increasingly becoming driven by their own domestic demand instead of an unhealthy reliance on exports. China is now a larger export destination for the rest of the developing world than the United States. A recent study by CLSA Asia Pacific calculated that over the past ten years consumption spending in China has surged 136 per cent - even after adjusting for inflation.
Corporations in developing nations are also progressively in better competitive positions. In contrast to emerging market firms, OECD companies are handicapped by higher operating costs and growing pension liabilities. Developing nation companies are also expanding their operations, no longer just acquisition targets for Western multinationals. Witness Chinese firms seeking to secure resource companies all over the world. Or Consider India's Tata Group who bought the telecoms arm of US-based Tyco and recently acquired British brands Jaguar and Land Rover, part of Ford Motors' Premier Automobile Group.
Positioning Portfolios History shows that people are slow to adapt to changes. The past often weighs too heavily on future decisions. Money managers are no different. The emerging market crises of the last two decades created frameworks and models for portfolios that are in desperate need of refurbishment. Popular institutional benchmarks such as Morgan Stanley's EAFE (Europe, Australasia and Far East) or Lehman's international bond index exclude many important developing markets. Retail investors often use the iShares MSCI EAFE (NYSE:EFA) for international exposure despite only covering developed Europe and Asia. The ETF has over USD 45 billion in assets, making it the second largest in terms of asset size worldwide.
Looking at the S&P/Citigroup equity index, emerging Asia still only accounts for 4.8% of world stock market capitalization, while the US accounts for more than 40%. Given comparative economic fundamentals and growth rates, we expect emerging Asia to constitute a much larger portion of this index over the next decade. How then should investors position portfolios? With an expanded set of opportunities, benchmarks should become more global.
Consider Asian fixed income, a regional bond market under-represented in many domestic portfolios. Improving credit quality, significantly undervalued currencies and positive structural economic reforms in the emerging Asian region bode well for future returns. Importantly, regional Asian bonds exhibit negative correlations to many markets including their own stock market and the more developed G7 bond markets.
Trends in the ETF world are more and more facilitating fully global portfolios for the average investor. Barclays recently launched ETFs providing exposure to Turkey, Thailand and Chile. State Street has also expanded their lineup to include a suite of emerging market ETFs splitting up Asia, Latin America, Europe and the Middle East and Africa. ETFs are also proliferating on international exchanges. The Taiwan stock exchange announced plans to list more than a dozen ETFs. And according to Bloomberg, Middle Eastern regulators may authorize the region's first ETFs. To date, non-resident foreigners can only access Middle Eastern markets through Saudi mutual funds.
Outlooks and Conclusions To be sure, emerging market assets are not a one-way bullish bet. Boom and bust cycles have not been repealed. Income inequalities, food price inflation, geopolitical conflicts, managing currency appreciation and environmental degradation ensure a rough ride. Volatility should be expected.
In the current credit crisis, many emerging markets have fallen significantly. But the effects of financial market contagion should not discredit positive forces at play. Economic developments continue to be robust. And reflation efforts by policymakers in the Western world will only reheat growth in these already booming economies. Alternative-type assets and corporate equities, particularly those focused on domestic demand in emerging markets, will provide the best returns in this environment -- position portfolios accordingly.


text:
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text:
- linear interpolation
- noun Date: 1965 estimation of a function (as a logarithm) by assuming that it is a straight line between known values
New Collegiate Dictionary. 2001.
New Collegiate Dictionary. 2001.
Linear interpolation — is a method of curve fitting using linear polynomials. It is heavily employed in mathematics (particularly numerical analysis), and numerous applications including computer graphics. It is a simple form of interpolation. Lerp is a quasi acronym… … Wikipedia
linear interpolation — tiesinė interpoliacija statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: angl. linear interpolation vok. lineare Interpolation, f rus. линейная интерполяция, f pranc. interpolation linéaire, f … Fizikos terminų žodynas
linear interpolation — A technique used in discounted cash flow for calculating the approximate internal rate of return of a project. The cash flows for the project are discounted at two discount rates to obtain a small positive and a small negative net present value.… … Accounting dictionary
linear interpolation method — tiesinės interpoliacijos metodas statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: angl. linear interpolation method; method of proportional parts vok. lineare Interpolationsmethode, f rus. метод линейной интерполяции, m pranc. méthode d'interpolation… … Fizikos terminų žodynas
Interpolation search — is an algorithm for searching for a given key value in an indexed array that has been ordered by the values of the key. It parallels how humans search through a telephone book for a particular name, the key value by which the book s entries are… … Wikipedia
Interpolation — In the mathematical subfield of numerical analysis, interpolation is a method of constructing new data points within the range of a discrete set of known data points. In engineering and science one often has a number of data points, as obtained… … Wikipedia
Linear — The word linear comes from the Latin word linearis , which means created by lines .In advanced mathematics, a linear map or function f ( x ) is a function which satisfies the following two properties:* Additivity (also called the superposition… … Wikipedia
Interpolation — A method of estimating an unknown price or yield of a security. This is achieved by using other related known values that are located in sequence with the unknown value. Interpolation is most often used in situations where a table of values is… … Investment dictionary
interpolation linéaire — tiesinė interpoliacija statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: angl. linear interpolation vok. lineare Interpolation, f rus. линейная интерполяция, f pranc. interpolation linéaire, f … Fizikos terminų žodynas
Linear programming — (LP, or linear optimization) is a mathematical method for determining a way to achieve the best outcome (such as maximum profit or lowest cost) in a given mathematical model for some list of requirements represented as linear relationships.… … Wikipedia


text:
Hyderabad: Mehdi Nawaj Jung (MNJ) Cancer Hospital purchased a useless radiation machine for Rs. 22 crore.
The Radiation Machine has 5 mm beam and the hospital is permitted only upto 2.5 mm beam. Responding to this, a senior doctor said that the machine was brought without the permission of the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board. He further added that the hospital is allowed to use only a 2.5 mm beam to properly target the tumour. In 5 mm beam along with tumour, other cells also get damaged.
After purchasing a useless gadget, Dr. N. Jaya Lath, Director of the hospital had set up a committee to enquire the matter.
Meanwhile, Dr D. Shankar Mahadev, a member of the committee, said in his report that there are several administrative lapses in the purchase of the machine.
However, a senior doctor said that it is a waste of time and resources as 80% of the money is already paid to the company. Doctors of MNJ asked Health Secretary, Rajesh Tiwari to punish those who are responsible for the purchase.


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82-18905 - 12VDC Piezo Buzzer 75dB
12V 75dB Buzzer
A miniature sized, high quality buzzer used with alarm systems. The buzzer has a low power consumption and is clearly audible.
82-18920 - Weather Resistant 12VDC Piezo Alarm
Piezo Sounder
Unobtrusive, weather resistant sounder, with a high frequency sound output and low current consumption. Ideal for motorbikes and vehicle alarms, internal and external security systems
107-1N4001 - Standard Diode 1A 50V Do-41
Fairchild SemiconductorsFairchild Semiconductor's portfolio of power semiconductor, discrete semiconductor, analog signal and switch, logic, and optoelectronic products serves diversified markets and applications, including mobile, computing, communications, consu...
21-4769 - Pro-Wick Desoldering Braid - .055" x 25' Yellow
Pro Wick® is based on pure rosin (Type R Flux) and meets all of the most stringent soldering standards for worldwide applications: MIL-F-142560D Type R, NASA specification NHB5300.4, NPC200-4, and SP-5002. The advanced braid design has a strong ca...
Quick shipping, quality products and reasonable prices. I've redone most of my home with MCM products. Very pleased.


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- Pneometer
- Pneometer Pne*om"e*ter, n. [Gr. ? to breathe + -meter.] (Physiol.) A spirometer. [1913 Webster]
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English. 2000.
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English. 2000.
pneometer — instrument that measures respiration Scientific Instruments … Phrontistery dictionary
Scientific Instruments — Have you ever been in the middle of a class lecture, medical examination or episode of Star Trek only to realise suddenly that you have no clue what all those gizmos, gadgets and other scientific instruments actually do? If so, your problems are… … Phrontistery dictionary


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Gift Premium Subscription To Bender43718
Join Date:01-14-2012
Last Activity:12-24-2012 9:58 PM
Posted in thread: Favorite sub 40$ knives? on 10-15-2012 at 12:56 AM
Spyderco tenacious is a great knife
Posted in thread: Ohio knife laws on 07-01-2012 at 10:35 PM
it out
Posted in thread: Ohio knife laws on 06-29-2012 at 11:25 PM
I looked on the net and it said u could carry any type of knife as long as its not concealed
Posted in thread: Ohio knife laws on 06-29-2012 at 09:28 PM
I live in the state of Ohio. And I'm looking to buy an auto knife. ( Can I )
Posted in thread: Zero Tolerance knives on 05-29-2012 at 04:16 PM
I'm looking to get a zero tolerance knife here soon and I just want some feedback.Also if you
have one add a pic of yours. And if you don't like zero tolerance why?Just want a solid duty
Posted in thread: Zero tolerance 0350 on 02-23-2012 at 03:44 AM
Thinking about getting zero tolerance knife 035o model does anyone own this knife if so how Is
it holding up
Posted in thread: What is your favorite knife on 02-08-2012 at 12:16 AM
What is your favorite production knife like cold steel, Kershaw, spyderco, crkt.....show pics
if you have some
Posted in thread: Fav knife on 02-07-2012 at 11:47 PM
fav cold steel or spyderco knife
Posted in thread: Smith & Wesson M&P 15 on 01-31-2012 at 05:15 AM
That is kick ass. Is that an eotech if so which model and do u like it
Posted in thread: Smith & Wesson M&P 15 on 01-31-2012 at 02:33 AM
38448Yeah there she is!


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ButtonMyButtons Fun, quirky, flirty. These are what would cross their mind to those who know ButtonMyButtons. In 2007, Shahida Shariff formed ButtonMyButtons. The young talented young designer who emphasizes in originality, fresh , and trendy. The brand is known to fabricate beautiful dresses that complement the female body
The name ButtonMyButtons was coined from her (liking/love/affection) for buttons and ribbon elements in her design. Whenever anyone sees the creation from ButtonMyButtons, one could tell the fresh, quirky and trendy look it portrays. Her love for practicality and her daring move to mix and match textures, patterns, colors, and silhouette puts the brand on its own strata among other fashion brands.
One of the first creations produced by the brand are ButtonMyButtons handmade bags and street wear line called ButtonMyButtons Fantasy Collection. The signature baju kurung, which is the ready-to-wear line has been most sought-after. Gaining her confidence from there, she started taking custom-made order for casual, traditional and wedding outfits. Her forte can be seen through the cutting and silhouette of every garments made, which are always structured yet soft and always complement the wearer.
With the brand going strong each step of its way, and winning the Cosmopolitan Fun Fearless Fabulous 2011 Award for Best Blogshop, ButtonMyButtons is ready to make a sprint to a higher ground in the fashion seen.
ButtonMyButtons Boutique is located at SS15/8B, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.


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It's Almost Time
As some of you already know we are in the middle of a huge overhaul. We are now 4-6 weeks out on our re-launch. With the re-launch will come new games, new formats and Pro-Am Teams. This re-launch will include a BTRT face lift and we need your help. Please give us your opinion on which logo you like best. #1 or #2? email to firstname.lastname@example.com
BTR and Canada
Thanks to everyone that has taken the time to explore Behind the Rock.
It sure has been fun meeting everyone from Canada. We're excited to get you guys playing. If you've given us your email we'll send you updates. If you would like updates just go to the Contact Us page and send us an email and we'll keep you updated as we progress on the new website and the Kiosk Stations. We have 35 Kiosk stations available. If you'd like to get your local favorite place to play a Kiosk Stations be sure to contact us so we can get something lined up for you.
BTR EVENT #500 with $150 Added
This week is BTR's 500th Event. It's been a long 7 years. We want to thank all the players for supporting BTR during this transitional periodas we wait to launch into our mobile concept.
We would also like to thank the Locations that are supporting us. Without themwe wouldn't have any events. Please show your appreciation to our Locations.
Malarkey's Pool & Brew, Tacoma WAGolden Fleece, Seattle WAPaddy's Sports Bar & Grill, Cour d'Alene IDPerformance Bar & Grill
This week we will be adding $100 to the 220 Open Division and $50 to the 198
Intermediate Division.
Thanks To All Our Players and Good Luck this week!
Can You Say Kiosk?
Check it out! Super Simple and you're going to want to start getting ready now.
Programmers are working towards a launch date of June 2017.We are assigning and getting the Kiosk Stations ready to go. We have alimited number of stations for the initial launch so get your request in nowand get on the list.
Read the Rules and Scoring for more Info on the games and Scoring
Going 100% Mobile. Weekly tournaments like you've never seen them before,Malarkey's Pool & Brew, Tacoma WAWe will playing 198 and/or 220 on Tues. from 5:30 to 10:30. You must start your match by 9:45.
Thank you Clark for having us back.
If your pool room isn't playing yet, get a hold of us and we'll help you get started.
253-226-3594 or go to the contact page on the website.
New unofficial World Record set by
None Other Than
Shane VanBoening May 24
Watch the match video here
Hardtimes Billiards, Sacramento
Is Back!
Beginning the week of February 16, 2015, Hardtimes Billiards, Sacramento is back on board. Brian LaFlamme is back and bringing his players with him. Players you will have tables available to play your matches during these times:
Sunday3-6pm Wednesday 8-11pm Thurs 9-11pm Saturday 3-8pm
Players, it's been over a year since you have played so all players will be competing in the Scratch divisions. There are two divisions and two games now verses one large division during prior participation. We now have a 198 division which is 9 ball on the 7 foot or 8 foot tables. Refresh yourself on the rules and scoring prior to playing. If you've never participated before be sure to read the Overview, Rules and watch the Scoring videos prior to playing your match. The rules and scoring will provide you with an understanding of how the scoring works and help you in developing your strategy and avoid unexpected fouls.
Players, welcome to BTRT and we look forward to seeing what you can do in Sacramento. If you're interested in live stream challenge matches, talk to Brian.
To learn more view our rules and scoring videos and click here to watch streamed matches on BTRT Ustream channel
One Pocket, billiards and snooker. Choose your tournament game(s) every week
One Pocket, billiards and snooker. Choose your tournament game(s) every week
One Pocket, billiards and snooker. Choose your tournament game(s) every week
Who says pool itsn't exciting to watch?
Watch Pete Gonazles set a tour record of 24 balls on the break for his match.
Ron Rosas & Allen Hopkins Sands Reno Open
Don Wirtaman & Robert Colby play their Special Event Match, Malarkeys, Tacoma WA
Bottoms Up and We're Not Kidding
Posted By Deby at 08:48 Jan 27, 2017
Play Within Outward
Posted By Deby at 00:34 Jul 12, 2015
So many of us get lost under the pressure. Let me give you a couple of helpful tools.
First and fo......More
198 Tri-Annual Event this weekend April 13-14
Posted By Deby at 11:19 Apr 7, 2013
This is the very first 198 tir-annual event. If you don't have 11 matches talk to your EC. Entry fe......More
53 Matches Posted For Last Week's Tournament
Posted By Deby at 22:57 Mar 2, 2013
Nice going everyone. Glad to see our momentum growing. We had some great scores. Duane Bumgarmer ......More
Your New Division
Posted By Deby at 10:05 Jan 24, 2013
Players if you're in the scratch divisions either in 220 or 198 be sure to check to see if you chang......More
Tite n' Rite Film Racks Are In.
Posted By Deby at 14:51 Nov 20, 2012
You can now order our own Tite n' Rite racks right here from the website. Visit the "Store&quo......More
Lonestar Tour
NWPA Tour
Southern Classic
Ardennen Cup
Live Stream
Behind the Rock Channel
Pierce Custom Cues
Road Player Billiards
Billiard Snapshot
Hunter Cues
Billiard Scoop
BTRT by Pete
On The Break News
The Stroke
Rack Em News
Cruise America
Platis Lawfirm
AZ Billiards
Rail2Rail Live Stream
The following are trademarks or service marks of Behind the Rock Tour, LLC and may be used only with permission of Behind the Rock Tour, LLC: Behind the Rock Tour, BTRT, BTR Tour, all graphics on the website and all other logos, trademarks, and service names associated with the Behind the Rock Tour, LLC. No portion of the Website may be duplicated, redistributed, or manipulated in any form.
Use of the Website signifies your agreement to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.


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Jack Pyke Thinsulate Bob Hat
The Jack Pyke Thinsulate Bob Hat is a knitted hat with a warm thinsulate lining. Thinsulate provides greater warmth retention than conventional materials.
It doesn't matter whether you are a soldier, police officer or door supervisor, this is a classic bit of kit that everyone needs.
Brand Jack Pyke Colour Black Weight 0.11 KG Product Number JHABOBT
ReviewsWrite your reviewDelivery Information
In Stock orders placed before 15:00 online, or 14:30 over the phone, Monday-Friday will be dispatched same day. Please choose "Priority" delivery at the checkout for guaranteed next working day delivery or "Standard" for less urgent deliveries. Click for more details.UK Mainland Standard
Under £20 - Royal Mail 48 Tracked £2.99 £20 and over - Royal Mail 48 Tracked £5.99 £60 and over - Royal Mail 48 Tracked £0.00 Next Working Day £7.49 £60 and over - Next Working Day £4.99
If you're not completely happy with your purchase, we'll give you a refund or replacement. Click for more details.


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Enter Lightning Drops
There's not a lot to explain it's pretty much all there in the above paragraph. Just click here to sign up if you don't mind my referral. I would love to find a place to put price alerts again. Is there another site everyone is using or is this a potentially awesome find
Catherine is now $30 at Amazon.ca lowest price it's been yet.
Quick Impressions:
Edited by Wolfkin, 02 May 2012 - 04:13 AM.


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Eye bags are a common problem many people have and there are a variety of treatments that can be used to remove or camouflage them. It is best to assess the problem either with good photographs and even better with an in office consultation. Treatments include filler to reduce the shadow of the bag without having surgery to surgery to remove the excess tissue causing the bag. Both are quite easy to do and have done - you will be surprised! I hope this helps.
I have eye bags under my eyes and some scars in my face. I feel terrible about that, please help me
Doctor Answers 5
Help for eye bags and scars
Eyebags/Scarring/Face--Lasers (Fraxel, Co2/Erbium, VIVA, Intensif); Microneedling/PRP, Fillers/Restylane or Belotero
Without a picture, it is difficult to determine. For eyebags: Lasers, microneedling/PRP, fillers and skin care/peels can all help this area. For scarring: I suggest a formal consultation with an scarring expert. You may need a combination approach with lasers, TCA cross, peels/skin care. Best, Dr. Emer.
Learn more: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCa6C2fuS-AgOnvBjr6_VSQg
There are lots of options, both surgical and non-surgical, to address bags under the eyes
I'm sorry to hear that you have these concerns and that they impact you so much. The good news is that there are very likely a number of options to help. The only problem here is that we have no details to work with, therefore, it's tough to give you any solid information in this forum. With respect to the bags under your eyes, you may be a candidate for blepharoplasty, or eyelid tuck, and there are a number of different ways to do that operation and different things that can be accomplished by it, so the specific details about surgical plan depend upon a good exam of your own eyelids and orbits. As for non-surgical options, many times treatment with injectable products like neurotoxins and fillers can often produce very satisfactory results without the need for surgery. Again, what fillers or combination of products, and exactly how and where to inject them are details that will need to be worked out after a good physical exam. Another good option for a more permanent improvement in volume, if indicated, is fat grafting using your own fat instead of fillers. Lastly, if the skin of the eyelids is also a problem, you may be a candidate for a tightening procedure, with or without surgery or injections. This would be something like a laser or chemical peel. With regard to the scars, this depends entirely upon the details of the scars themselves. Things like location, size, shape, time since injury and the type of injury (trauma, acne, surgery, etc) that caused them, your ethnicity and skin type, and your specific goals are all vital to the planning of scar treatment. Like the eye bags, there are several potential options here, depending upon those factors I listed above. You might be a candidate for one or a combination of treatments like injections with steroids and other medications directly into the scar, laser treatments, or surgical revision. I think given the actual complexity of the situation you would be best served by scheduling some consultations with board certified surgeons to evaluate your problems fully and recommend rational options for treatment. My own personal opinion is that you will get the best list of options and the best chance for favorable outcome in this situation if you limit your consultations to board certified surgeons, including plastic surgeons, facial plastic surgeons, or occuloplastic surgeons. All of these doctors specialize in not only non-surgical options, but surgery of the orbits and eyelids, as well as scar revisions. By limiting your choice to surgeons you will not only be evaluated by doctors with working 3-dimensional understanding of the complex anatomy of the eyelids and orbital region, which is very important for both surgical and non-surgical treatments, but you will also be offered all options for treatment, not just the non-surgical ones offered by non-surgical specialists. Best of luck to you.
You might also like...
Bags under the eyes
Lower blepharoplasty is a very good option to reduce fat in the lower eyelids which gives the appearance of bags. Scars on the face can be treated in multiple different ways including laser treatments.
Dr. J
Please seek consultation with a well qualified surgeon where you live.
Please be aware that sometimes people's concerns with there appearance are out of proportion to their actual issues. When extreme this is actually considered a psychological condition called body dysmorphic disorder. An ethical surgeon will advise you of this if they feel your concerns are out of proportion to your actually physical issues. Please consider posting an eye strip so we can be more helpful.
Learn more: http://www.lidlift.com/contact-plastic-surgeon-beverly-hills/download-ebook/
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


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Savage Home Remodel
home remodeling contractor in Savage Minnesota is a first step in any home remodeling project. Whether you have a kitchen remodel, home addition or whole house remodel its important to work with a contractor that suits all of your needs. For instance, you are adding a room and choose a contractor that has a lot of experience in bathroom remodels and limited experience in home additions. The contractor may be competent and able to complete the job, but you will have more unexpected issues which will result in unplanned expenses and a less satisfying experience. One aspect that homeowners often overlook is the geographic location of the contractor. With gas being a significant part of a contractor's overhead the farther a contractor has a travel for your project the more it will cost them to do your project. Contractors typically pass extra expenses onto the project resulting in higher bids. We are local and love working in the Savage and surrounding areas. Consider Aspen Remodelers a good choice for your home remodeling project in the Savage area.


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Crescent Chicken Squares
Recipe by LexingtonMom
Similar to the other recipes, but the lemon juice in this version adds just the right tang.
Top Review by Mark and Stacy
Yum! I did change a few things, based on what I had on hand, but I'm sure it would be great as written. I used 2 cans of chicken, 1 package of large crescent rolls (only making 6), onion powder (because I was short on time and didn't want to cut an onion), and used cracker crumbs instead of breadcrumbs. I never can fold these over as stated, but have found success in folding the long sides of my rectangle over first, then folding the shorter sides (which actually cover more of the top), which makes a square with a rectangle space at the top. I haven't had much trouble with oozing. I did have a little too much of the stuffing mix (perhaps one can of chicken would be enough), but I didn't want to open another can of rolls since I wasn't going to use the whole thing. A friend introduced me to these squares a while ago, and she likes to take a can of cream of chicken soup, add some milk (at least half a can), and whisk it on the stove until smooth and hot, to pour over the squares and the mashed potatoes that we make to go with it. Oh, I was a bit concerned about the lemon juice, but it worked!
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1 (8 ounce) package cream cheese
- 6 tablespoons butter
- 4 cups cooked cubed boneless chicken
- 1⁄2 teaspoon salt
- 1⁄4 teaspoon pepper
- 2 tablespoons lemon juice
- 1⁄2 cup chopped onion
- 4 tablespoons milk
- 1 cup seasoned bread crumbs
- 2 (8 ounce) cans crescent rolls
Directions See How It's Made
- Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Melt butter and set aside 2 T. for later.
- Blend softened cream cheese and remaining butter until smooth. Add all but last two ingredients and stir together.
- Separate crescent roll dough into 4 rectangles and pinch together the perforations between triangles in each.
- Spoon 1/8 of meat mixture into center of each rectangle. For each, pull the 4 corners of dough together at the top and twist. Seal edges by pinching dough together.
- Use reserved butter to brush each stuffed square, then sprinkle bread crumbs on top.
- Bake on ungreased cookie sheet for 25-30 minutes, until lightly browned.


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APPROXIMATELY 40 HOURS PER PAY PERIOD (approx. 20 hours per week)
The VA Hudson Valley Health Care System is a 400 bed multi-campus healthcare system located in Northern Westchester and Dutchess Counties with seven community-based clinics located in Dutchess, Orange, Putnam, Sullivan and Rockland counties.
The VA Hudson Valley Health Care System (VA Hudson Valley HCS), affiliated with New York Medical College, seeksa Pathologist. The physician provides his/her expertise in clinical and anatomic pathology for VA Hudson Valley HCS.The incumbent is a Board Certified Pathologist, with both anatomic and clinical pathology AP/CP. Applicant issues surgical and pathology reports in a timely manner and provideseducation to the medical staff. He/She provides consultation on clinical pathology and transfusion medicine. This positions reports directly to the Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Program manager, under the direction of the Ancillary Care Line Manager.
The selected physician will contribute to the achievement of patient satisfaction and quality of care standards, consult with specialty services, and utilize computerized/electronic medical records.The physician will provide patient care in accordance with professional standards, core values and commitment to service excellence. Selectee must be Board Certified (or eligible if recent residency graduate) in Pathology; and, must be proficient in the use of computerized systems related to patient care. Proficiency in spoken and written English is required.
PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS: A pre-placement physical examination will be completed prior to appointment to determine the physical and mental fitness of candidates. The examination will be concerned with the mental and physical ability of the applicant to satisfactorily perform the duties of the proposed assignment and will include requisite laboratory and other screening as required by Federal regulatory agencies. Applicants must have the mental and physical ability to perform core privileges required by the specialty position in addition to any specialty privileges requested.
VA encourages persons with disabilities to apply. The health related positions in VA are covered by Title 38, and are not covered by the Schedule A excepted appointment authority.
SALARY: Applicant's education and experience will be reviewed by a Professional Standards Board (PSB) and Compensation Panel (for physicians) in determining the grade and salary of the applicant selected. The recommended salary may be at any point in the range listed for this vacancy. The rangelisted isfor a full time position.
VET PRO CREDENTIALING: Individual selected for position that have patient care responsibilities are subject to undergoing an electronic credentialing process calledVetPro. As part of this process, it will be necessary for you to submit complete information concerning your professional education, training, experience, licensure and certifications using VetPro. The candidate selected will be provided with further information on how to use VetPro.
WORK SCHEDULE:Part time, to be determined (TBD)
NOTE: Current or former Federal employees must submit copies of their most recent SF-50 (Notification of Personnel Action).
APPLICANTS PLEASE NOTE: THIS VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENT WILL REMAIN OPEN UNTIL is filled. HOWEVER, THE FIRST CUT-OFF DATE FOR ELIGIBLE CANDIDATES WILL BE two (2) weeks after it opens WITH SUBSEQUENT CUT-OFF DATES EVERY 14 DAYS UNTIL POSITION IS FILLED. ONCE SELECTION IS MADE, THIS ANNOUNCMENT MAY CLOSE WITHOUT FURTHER NOTICE.
This job opportunity announcement may be used to fill additional physician vacancies
In order to qualify for this position you must meet the following:
Basic Requirements:
Preferred Experience:Board Certified (or eligible if recent residency graduate) in Pathology preferred.
Reference: VA Regulations, specifically VA Handbook 5005, Part II, Appendix G-2 Physician Qualification Standard. This can be found in the local Human Resources Office.
After appointment, you will be subject to random testing for illegal drug use.You will need to successfully complete a background security investigation before you can be appointed into this position.Applicants for this position must pass a pre-employment medical examination.
Veterans' Preference: When applying for Federal Jobs, eligible Veterans should claim preference on the Occupational Questionnaire in the section provided and provide a legible copy of your DD-214(s), SF-15 (as applicable) and/or documentation related to your active duty service which shows dates of service, character of service (honorable, general, etc.), or dates of impending separation. For more information, please review the information for disabled Veterans in the applicationchecklist or visit http://www.fedshirevets.gov/job/vetpref/index.aspx.
All applicants are required to submit the following supporting document type(s):*Resume
Applicants may also submit the following supporting document type(s),which may not be required for all applicants:
Faxing Applications or Supporting Documents:
You are encouraged to apply online. Applying online will allow you to review and track the status of your application.
NOTE: If you applied online and your application is complete,do not fax the paper application (1203FX - Occupational Questionnaire Form) as this will overwrite your prior online responses and may result in you being found ineligible.
If you completed the occupational questionnaire online and are unable to upload supporting document(s):
1. To fax your documents, you must use the following cover page http://staffing.opm.gov/pdf/usascover.pdf and provide the required information. The Vacancy ID is 1992184
2. Fax your documents to 1-478-757-3144.
If you are unable to apply online by 11:59 PM (EST) on TAG:Closing Date, please contact the point of contact listed in the announcement.
To complete the occupational questionnaire and submit via fax:
1. Click the following link to view and print the occupational questionnaire View Occupational Questionnaire.
2. Print the 1203FX form, follow the instructions and provide your responses to the occupational questionnaire items http://www.opm.gov/forms/pdfimage/opm1203fx.pdf.
3. Fax the completed 1203FX form along with any supporting documents to 1-478-757-3144. Your 1203FX will serve as a cover page for your fax transmission.