text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 21, 1988
|Filing date
|Nov 18, 1986
|Priority date
|Nov 18, 1985
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Pierre Blanchet, Christian Renaudin
|Original Assignee
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (91), Classifications (7), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to optical fiber transmission systems, and in particular to the cabinets in such systems in the individual fibers of an optical cable are processed for connection to opto-electronic equipment.
On arrival in a telecommunications station, each optical fiber line cable is directed along cable paths to a rack where it is to be processed. The cable is splayed out at the inlet to a device disposed in the rack and called an optical cable head. In such a cable head, each fiber of the cable is treated individually and is directed via two half-connectors to corresponding opto-electronic equipment. The fibers in the cable are connected to inlets or to outlets of the opto-electronic equipment, as necessary.
The optical cable head device is generally in the form of a simple plate mounted at the top of the rack. The plate carries supports for optical connectors for interconnecting two optical half-connectors, and referred to as centering devices. The centering devices run through the plate transversely and are suitable for receiving the said half-connectors from opposite faces of the plate.
In order to provide a distribution function for the optical fibers of a line cable and for the opto-electronic equipment of a rack using the cable head device, the line cable is splayed out into individual fibers at the cable head device. After ensuring that a spare length of fiber is provided in case subsequent repair is necessary, each individual fiber is terminated with a respective half-connector. Each of these half-connectors is received in one of the centering devices of the plate so that it projects from the rear face of the plate. Optical connection jumpers each provided with a half-connector at each end are used for making connections between the cable optical fibers and the opto-electronic equipment. One of the half-connectors of each jumper is received in one of the centering devices so that it projects from the front face of the plate, and the jumper's other half-connector is received in a connection centering device on the equipment concerned.
This method of providing distribution between the optical fibers of a line cable and opto-electronic equipment suffers from numerous drawbacks. The following drawbacks may be mentioned:
the spare lengths of optical fiber are stored in a disorderly manner in the rack;
the jumpers project forwardly from the front face of the rack, and because of the minimum radius of curvature which must be observed, they tend to get in the way during subsequent operations, in particular when two racks are mounted facing each other;
it is difficult to distribute and repair the fibers behind the plate which is mounted in fixed manner on the rack;
there is the danger of accidents to the eyes of technicians manipulating jumpers by virtue of the light conveyed by the fibers connected to the centering devices on the plate propagating perpendicularly relative to the plate, and in particular from the front face thereof; and
no means are provided for modifying the installation as the capacity of a transmission system grows and with the corresponding growth in the capacity of the line cables it serves; this is because such modifications generally require opto-electronic equipment to be located in several different racks and for the line cable fibers to be distributed in corresponding manner to said different racks, thus requiring splices between fibers having different destination or origin racks.
An aim of the present invention is to provide a cable head device in the form of a cabinet which mitigates the above drawbacks.
The present invention provides an optical cable head cabinet of substantially rectangular shape fitted with at leat one cable access at which cable received thereby is splayed out into component optical parts, the cabinet including a plurality of optical connector elements for making connections between individual fibers from a splayed out cable and optical link elements for providing links to external opto-electronic equipment, together with means for coiling at least those fibers which are to be connected, the cabinet comprising rear portion and front portion which is hinged to said rear portion, with the inside volumes of said front and rear portions being in communication with each other, said front portion carrying said optical connector elements mounted in at least one row extending vertically along the height of the cabinet for providing individual optical flux transmission parallel to the front face of the cabinet, and said rear portion being equipped with means for distributing said component parts from each cable either out from the cabinet or else towards said front portion in the form of individual fibers for connection to said link elements via said connector elements.
In addition, a cabinet in accordance with the invention includes a plurality of supports for storing spare lengths of fiber in said front portion and associated with the individual fibers received by said optical connector elements.
Said optical connector elements and said supports storing spare lengths of fiber are distributed along at least one supporting strip extending between the top and bottom faces of the front portion and lying in the vicinity of the plane of said front face.
The front portion may have a slot at the front of at least one of its side faces for passing said optical link elements. Advantageously, said front portion is constituted by two identical compartments hinged to respective side edges of the rear portion.
The cabinet may also have two channel section side members fixed to the side walls of said rear portion and serving to fix the cabinet to the risers of a rack, thereby fixing said rear portion and simultaneously defining side channels for passing optical cables.
An embodiment of the invention is described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a cabinet in accordance with the invention mounted on a rack and as seen from above;
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a FIG. 1 cabinet shown still mounted on a rack, but with some of its components removed; and
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary perspective view on a larger scale of one of the components of the cabinet.
With reference to FIG. 1, it can be seen that a cabinet is generally rectangular in shape. Depthwise, it is separated into two portions, namely a rear portion 1 and a front portion 2. The internal face of each of these portions is open, i.e. the front face of the rear portion 1 is open as is the rear face of the front portion 2. A fold-up flap 3 is disposed between the front and rear portions 1 and 2.
The front portion 2 is itself constituted by two identical compartments 4 and 5. The compartments 4 and 5 are independent from each other and each occupies the full height of the cabinet and substantially one-half of its width. Each of these compartments is hinged to the rear portion 1 along its side edge which meets the front face of the rear portion and the hinge axes are shown diagrammatically at 6 and 7, respectively. The front portion 2 can thus be opened as a pair of doors with arrow 8 showing the motion of the compartment 4 towards an open position which is shown at 9 in dot-dashed lines.
The cabinet is closed by a protective plate 10 disposed over the front face of its front portion 2. This protective plate 10 is hinged to the side edge of the front face of the front portion 2, as shown diagrammatically at 11 or 12, depending on the side considered. The protective plate can thus be opened to one side or to the other, as shown by arrow 13 representing its motion towards one of two possible open positions. Dot-dashed lines are used to show the protective plate in half-open position at 14. The protective plate may also be removed completely.
From FIG. 1, it can also be seen that the rear portion is the fixed portion of the cabinet and is used for fixing the cabinet to risers 15 of a rack. Fixing is provided by means of side members 16 fixed to each of the side walls of the rear portion. Each side member 16 is in the form of a generally channel-section bar with one of the flanges of the bar extending further than the other and with the end of the longer flange being folded outwardly at 90� to form a narrow rim.
The shorter flange of each side member 16 is welded to the corresponding side wall of the cabinet with the channel section web of each side member lying in substantially the same plane as the rear face of the rear portion 1. The outwardly directed rims on the longer flanges of the side members are fixed to corresponding risers 15 of the rack. In conjunction with the side face of the rear portion to which it is fixed, each side member 16 delimits a channel 17 for passing optical line cables. Each riser 15 is also constituted by a generally channel-section bar and defines a further channel 18 which may be used for passing optical components for providing links between the fibers in the cables and opto-electronic equipment mounted on the rack.
FIG. 2 shows the cabinet in its open position, with the front protective plate and the left-hand compartment of the front portion being removed in order to reveal the internal structure of the cabinet. Component parts of the cabinet shown both FIGS. 2 and 1 bear the same reference numerals in FIG. 2 as in FIG. 1.
In FIG. 2, it can be seen that the rear portion 1 is constituted by five plates having peripheral rims and which are spot welded to one another. The front rims of the two side plates and of the top and bottom plates delimit the open front face 20 of the rear portion 1. An unreferenced rectangular opening is provided in each of the top and bottom plates and is closed by a corresponding removable cover 21. These covers are advantageously constituted by a simple plate which is held in place in a slideway formed by suitably embossing the sides of the opening. Substantially in the middle of the two side walls of the rear portion of the cabinet there is an opening 22 defined between a respective pair rectangular tongues 23 and 24 formed by punching. These tongues are inclined symmetrically relative to each other and slope inwardly towards the inside of the rear portion 1. These pairs of tongues 23 and 24 serve to support collars 25 for passing individual sheathed fibers and/or cable cores obtained by splaying out optical line cables such as 26 to separate them into their component optical parts 29. The line cables are laid along the side channels 17 and extend as far as the corresponding openings 22 from the top or the bottom of the rack.
The peripheral portion of the inside volume of the rear portion 1 is used for coiling the component parts 29 of the line cables in the form individual sheathed fibers or in the form of cable cores, in order to provide reserve lengths of fiber and/or core.
A coiling path is defined by a pair of arches 27 fixed to the rear plate, with one of the arches having its convex surface facing towards the top plate and the other having its convex surface facing towards the bottom plate. In each case a relatively narrow gap is left between the convex surface and the facing plate, and the ends of the arch extend to the vicinity of the side plates.
A row of hooks or fasteners 28 is provided along each of the two side walls in the vicinity of the open front face 20 in order to guide the individual fibers constituting component parts 29 of the cable or taken from the cores constituting said component parts 29 as they leave the coiling path, thereby enabling the fibers to be distributed in an orderly manner inside the cabinet.
The central portion of the inside volume between the two arches is reserved for individual or collective splicing boxes 30 which are mounted on a support 31 fixed to the rear plate. The individual boxes may be in the form, for example, of individual flat "cassettes" which are slidably received in cassette-receiving grooves provided in the support. The cassettes receive fibers to be interconnected from two cables, with the fibers concerning a cassette being diverted from the guide paths formed by the rows of fasteners 28 by the fasteners which correspond substantially to the cassette in question.
A flap 3 is mounted at the front of the rear portion 1 in such a manner as to be capable of being folded down to constitute a table or work surface when doing minor work in a cabinet. The flap is hinged to the ends of the bottom front edge of the rear portion 1 at hinges 33. It is held in a horizontal position by two flexible cords 34 which are connected between the top front edge of the rear portion 1 and the corresponding end of the flap. The flap substantially closes the rear portion of the cabinet and may be locked to the top front edge thereof by two retractable bolts 35 mounted on the flap and engageable in locking supports 37 provided at the side ends of the top front edge of the rear portion 1. The width of the flap is slightly less than the width of rear portion; when in its closed position the flap therefore leaves two side openings between itself and the front side edges of the rear portion, each of said openings running adjacent to one of the two rows of fasteners 28. The fasteners 28 can thus be used to distribute fibers in an orderly manner through said openings between the front and rear portions of the cabinet.
FIG. 2 also shows the right-hand compartment 4 of the front portion in its open position. The other compartment has been removed, but it is identical to the compartment shown. Each of these compartments pivots about two hinges such as 40 and 41 (for the compartment 4) mounted between respective front side edges of the rear portion 1 and corresponding rear side edges of the two compartments of the front portion 2. The hinges 40 and 41 define the hinge axis 6 shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1. When both compartments are opened and the flap 3 has been lowered to its working position, the front face of the rear portion 1 is completely uncovered and is thus accessible.
The description of the compartment 4 is given with reference not only to FIG. 2 but also to FIG. 3.
The compartment 4 occupies the full height of the cabinet and slightly less than half its width. Its top and bottom faces 43 and 44 are closed and each of them is constituted by a plate mounted on a frame 42 built up from angle bars. Its rear face 45 which comes up against the flap 3 when the cabinet is closed and its opposite front face 46 are both open. Its inner side face 47 extending forwardly from the middle of the flap 3 when the cabinet is closed is likewise open. Its outer side face 48 opposite to face 47 is almost completely closed but leaves a slot 49 running along the full height of the front thereof. The plate which constitutes the closed portion of the side face 48 has its front vertical margin 50 folded back into the inside of the compartment along the slot 49 formed by the fold, and the rear vertical edge of the plate 48 is folded inwardly at right angles. Two risers 51 form edges between the inside side face and the front and rear faces respectively; these risers delimit the open faces of the compartment and provide it with rigidity.
The compartment 4 includes a vertical connector strip 55 mounted between the inwardly folded front edges of its top and bottom faces, and running substantially along the middle axis of the front face 46. This connector strip is of channel section and the web of the channel section faces one of the side faces of the compartments, in this case it faces the inside side face 48. The strip is set slightly back from the front face 46 towards the inside of the compartment.
At each end of the strip 55 there is a lug 56 fixed to the innermost flange of the channel section in the compartment and it has screws for fixing the strip to the corresponding top or bottom face. Two bars 57 run respectively along said top face a said bottom between the front and rear edges of the frame 42 and co-operate with the lugs 56 to provide secure fastening for the strip 55.
With specific reference to FIG. 3, it can be seen that the strip 55 in the compartment 4 constitutes a location for supporting a vertical row of conventional optical centering devices such as 60. To this end, the strip 55 has a row of holes 61 which are regularly spaced substantially along its full height. The holes 61 are formed through the web of the channel section and each hole is intended to receive a corresponding centering device. Small holes 62 are provided through the web around the periphery of each centering device hole in order to enable the centering devices to be adequately mounted. These small holes may act as keying means and they may also act to receive screws or the like.
The individual centering devices 60 are mounted horizontally on the strip so that the two connection ends on each of them extend horizontally on either side of the web of the channel section. Each centering device includes an intermediate collar 63 which presses against the channel section web and enables the centering device to be mounted in a corresponding hole 61. The collar also serves to fix the centering device by receiving the screws which pass through said small holes 62 through the strip 55.
In addition, the strip 55 includes a row of fingers 70 fixed to the channel section flange which is furthest inside the compartment. These fingers 70 are individually associated with different fibers received from the rear portion 1 and which are to be connected to the optical centering devices 60. Like the centering devices, the fingers are distributed along the full height of the strip and at the same pitch as the centering devices. Each of them serves to support a certain spare length of fiber suitable for connection in the optical centering device located at substantially the same height.
Each finger 70 is generally L-shaped. The end of one of the branches of the L is attached to the end of the corrsponding flange of the channel section. The other branch of the L is folded back towards the web of the channel section and has a fastening 73 fixed thereto for connection to a support 74 for storing said spare length of individual fiber 75. The support is held by a retaining member (no reference) which is engaged and locked in said fastening.
Advantageously, the supports 74 mounted on the various fingers are at a small angle to the horizontal in order to facilitate grasping and removing each of them. The supports may be flexible or rigid.
It will readily be understood with reference to FIG. 2 (even though this figure only shows one of the two compartments of the front portion), that the complete cabinet has two rows of optical centering devices 60 and two rows supports 74 for storing the associated spare lengths of individual optical fibers. The inwardly directed connection end fitting of the centering devices in each row receive complementary connection end fittings of known type located on the ends of the individual fibers 75 which are received in the rear portion and which have a degree of spare length stored in the various storage supports corresponding to the centering devices. The outwardly directed connection end fittings of the respective centering devices receive complementary terminal end fittings of optical jumpers 76 of known type.
These jumpers 76 provide connections between the various individual fibers and the opto-electronic equipment of the rack (not shown) via the centering devices for transmission in one or other of the two possible directions of transmission. They leave the compartment in which they are connected to the centering devices via the slot 49 at the front of the outer side face of that compartment. They turn proceed along the channel 18 of the corresponding riser 15 of the rack to said opto-electronic equipment to which they are connected.
Depending on the direction of optical signal transmission, i.e. to or from the opto-electrical equipment, the individual fibers in the front portion of the cabinet are either light-emitting or light-receiving fibers. In this front portion of the cabinet, one of the two rows of centering devices may be used for light-emitting fibers and the other for light-receiving fibers.
In operation, a cabinet in accordance with the invention is located in a rack which also receives suitable opto-electronic equipment. Given the present standardized height of such racks, up to six such cabinets may be mounted in a single rack and their line cable passing channels 17 abut along at least a portion of the rack.
The centering devices in each cable head cabinet disposed parallel to the front face of the compartments in which they are mounted transmit the light flux which they receive from the fibers or the jumpers with little risk of striking the eye of the operator. This disposition also minimizes such risks when they themselves are being operated on.
A cabinet in accordance with the invention may be used with individual sheathed fibers and/or with cores from inlet and outlet line cables connected thereto. After a cable has been splayed out into its individual sheathed fibers (or into its individual cores), the splayed out component parts are separated depending on whether they are to be processed in the same cabinet, or in another cabinet in the same rack, or in a cabinet in another rack.
The fibers (or cores) processed in the same cabinet have several meters of their length coiled together in the rear portion of the cabinet between its two arches, and thereafter the fibers are distributed by the side fastenings at suitable levels to the various centering devices via the individual coil supports for said fibers (with any cores that may be coiled round the arches being splayed out into individual sheathed (or re-sheathed) fibers for the purpose). These individual fibers with their respective connection end fittings are connected to corresponding respective centering devices.
The fibers (or cores) which are not processed in the same cabinet but which are processed in other cabinets in the same rack are directly conveyed to said other cabinets without being coiled in the rear portion of the first cabinet. The openings in the bottom and top plates of the cabinets have their cover plates 21 removed, there appropriate, to pass these fibers into the cabinet in which they are to be processed.
The fibers (or cores) which are not processed in the line cable receiving cabinet and which are processed in a cabinet in a different rack are coiled together in the rear portion of the cabinet which receives the cable and are then connected in its splice boxes to a corresponding number of fibers (cores) coming from the same coiling path and belonging to a new cable running from said line cable receiving cabinet. The new cable runs along the channels 1 of the cabinets concerned and is treated as a line cable by the cabinet which is to process its fibers. The initial line cable receiving cabinet thus acts as a relay point for said fibers by virtue of its splice boxes.
In a telecommunications station, such optical cable head cabinets are mounted one or more to a frame in the station and serve:
to distribute signals to or from the opto-electronic equipment of the same rack by means of its jumpers;
to distribute optical fibers or cores between different cabinets on the same rack; and/or
to distribute optical fibers or cores between cabinets in different racks.
The spare lengths of optical fiber provided in the rear portion of a cabinet and in the front portion thereof make it possible to act on all, or at least some, of the fibers from a line cable in order to change an existing distribution network or make repairs, if necessary.
The present invention has been described with reference to a specific embodiment given by way of example and shown in the drawings. Naturally, detail modifications may be made thereto, and/or various means may be replaced by other equivalent means without going beyond the scope of the invention. In particular, the centering devices and their end fittings on either side of the connection strips may be replaced in order to reduce loss by other optical connection means for providing connections between individual fibers and jumpers, for example by individual splice boxes fitted to the connection strips.
Also, it is clear that if a specified amount of additional loss happens to be required on a particular link, such extra loss may be obtained by using an attenuating half-connector for one of the two connection end fittings for insertion in the centering device used for this particular link.
It may also be observed that a fiber connected by a centering device to a jumper may be directed to a splice box in the rear portion of the cabinet for onward connection to a different cabinet.
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|Nov 15, 2010
|Jun 2, 2011
|Lewallen C Paul
|Articulated Strain Relief Boot on a Fiber Optic Module and Associated Methods
|Dec 18, 2009
|Jun 23, 2011
|Beamon Hubert B
|Rotary Locking Apparatus for Fiber Optic Equipment Trays and Related Methods
|Mar 31, 2010
|Aug 4, 2011
|Blackwell Jr Chois A
|Communications equipment housings, assemblies, and related alignment features and methods
|Mar 31, 2010
|Aug 4, 2011
|Blackwell Jr Chois A
|Optical interface cards, assemblies, and related methods, suited for installation and use in antenna system equipment
|Mar 26, 2010
|Sep 29, 2011
|Cote Monique L
|Movable Adapter Panel
|Feb 26, 1993
|May 30, 1995
|Adc Telecommunications, Inc.
|Optical fiber distribution frame
|Dec 19, 1997
|Jan 1, 2002
|Adc Telecommunications, Inc.
|Optical fiber distribution frame
|Apr 29, 1997
|Feb 17, 1999
|Next Level Communications
|Optical network unit (onu) mechanical enclosure
|Apr 29, 1997
|Jul 5, 2000
|Next Level Comm
|Optical network unit (onu) mechanical enclosure
|Sep 1, 1998
|Mar 24, 1999
|Siecor Corporation
|Bracket assembly for strain relief of optical fiber jumpers
|Sep 1, 1998
|Dec 15, 1999
|Siecor Corporation
|Bracket assembly for strain relief of optical fiber jumpers
|Oct 28, 2009
|Jun 2, 2010
|INTEGRA Pawel Mr�z
|Rotary telecom casing
|Jan 17, 1991
|Jul 25, 1991
|Porta Systems Corp.
|Optical fiber cable distribution frame and support
|U.S. Classification
|385/135, 385/134
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 12, 1988
Owner name: SOCIETE ANONYME DITE : ALCATEL, 12 RUE DE LA BAUME
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:BLANCHET, PIERRE;RENAUDIN, CHRISTIAN;REEL/FRAME:004851/0776
Effective date: 19861030
Owner name: SOCIETE ANONYME DITE, FRANCE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BLANCHET, PIERRE;RENAUDIN, CHRISTIAN;REEL/FRAME:004851/0776
Effective date: 19861030
Owner name: SOCIETE ANONYME DITE: ALCATEL, FRANCE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BLANCHET, PIERRE;RENAUDIN, CHRISTIAN;REEL/FRAME:004851/0776
Effective date: 19861030
|Jan 21, 1992
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jun 21, 1992
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Aug 25, 1992
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19920621


text: Type: Video Characters: Ellie Langford, Isaac Clarke Chapter: 6 Can be found: Acquired once Isaac enters the Transport Hub after the fight with the Brute Transcript: Ellie: Why did Tiedemann turn off power? What did you do to piss him off so much? Isaac: Ellie... Do you know what a Marker is? Ellie: Yeah, the Unitologists on my crew wouldn't shut up about it. Why? Is it real? Isaac: Yes it's real. Tiedemann made one using codes, patterns stored in our heads... mine and Stross. Everything that's happening on this station is happening because of that Marker. I have to get to it and destroy it and I need Stross to tell me how. Ellie: You're a strange man, Isaac. Isaac: Will you help me? Ellie: We're about to suffocate. So. I think I'd better. Isaac: Ok good, listen we need power. Without it we have no air and no train. The Sprawl's gotta have back-up batteries somewhere. Ellie: Yes, the solar arrays up there! But they've been mothballed for years. Isaac: Ok... alright, good. I'm heading there now. If I can start them up and get some power to the train. Ellie: You'll need someone to open the collector panels. I can do that. Isaac: Take Stross. Keep him safe. Retrieved from "http://deadspace.wikia.com/wiki/Log:A_Desperate_Plan?oldid=132143" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Dead Space 2 Chapter 6 Logs Add category Cancel Save

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Welcome to No. 3 The Cloisters, a modern and newly renovated end town house in York ideal for both couples and families. Beautifully presented throughout, the property has off road parking (a rarity so close to the City Walls!) and a small garden where guests can relax.
The stylish lounge has a comfortable leather sofa, armchair, gas wood burner effect stove, a TV with Freeview service, DVD player and a round dining area seating four. The luxury kitchen is well appointed with a touch hob, oven, dishwasher, fridge/ freezer, microwave and washing machine.
The town house has a small garden area to the rear and there is also free private off street parking for one car.
A range of amenities are provided including:
Short breaks of three or four nights may be available. Children are welcome but please note that we do not accept pets and the property is completely non-smoking.
The rental charge includes gas, electricity, bed linen and towels.
The check in time is after 4.30pm and Sunday arrivals incur a £10 late arrival fee.
The property is set just a short walk from all the city centre attractions including York Minster and York Shambles.


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Gatsby theme
The great gatsby was one rich guy that had everything he liked. Gatsby say that money isnt everything but yet he has a big rich house trying to make daisy fall in love with him which she did but then left gatsby for tom. Gatsby was in love with daisy once he saw her at the party and after that she was planning on running away but gatsby end up say you could move in with me. Gatsby was really in love with daisy but daisy end up playing him to go with tom . The great gatsby took daisy to live with him so he could show her of how of a rich person he is. At the end daisy left him and gatsby end up dieing
by :kathy


text:
Event Type:
Event Date:
05/16/2017 to 05/19/2017
Join Prolifics at the premier global conference for business performance with a focus on financial, operational & sales performance management, governance, risk management & compliance, business intelligence and smart data discovery. Meet with the Prolifics team to experience up close and personal how our solutions can help you manage risk, drive profitable growth and optimize performance through the latest advances in cloud, analytics, mobility and social collaboration.
To make the most of your business performance and information, Prolifics provides the tools to identify, extract and analyze critical business data. Our analytics-driven solutions helps organizations examine insight from budgeting, planning & reporting for better performance management. As a result, our clients are better equipped to make more intelligent, faster decisions and ultimately drive better business value. Prolifics works with organizations to create a proactive business analytics strategy, allowing your company to enhance performance and improve operational efficiency.
Attend this conference, listen to sessions and meet with our experts to learn more! We hope to see you there.
Location: Orlando, FL
Event Date: Tuesday, May 16 – Friday, May 19


text:
Expand Messages
- Hi Guys!!!!GUESS WHAT????It is that time of year again, however I am not in charge of Pow Wow!!! (WHEW, can't tell you how happy that makes me) LOL I am the Chair for Program so it is my job to get instructors for all the classes. If you or anyone in your units would be a good instructor, would you please forward that info on to me? I would greatly appreciate it. Pow Wow is on Oct 28th, no place determined yet. I am trying to get all the instructors into place before I leave for vacation on the 22nd of July. So your quick response is certainly appreciated. I just started so the board is pretty wide open on the classes available.Also, if you would please pass on to your CUB Packs, one thing Eddie B, the Chairman is trying to do this year for atmosphere especially at lunch time is to have Centerpieces made by packs in every district for the tables at lunch. (trying to do a Blue and Gold theme) There will then be some sort of contest for the pack with the best ideas and creativity. They have until the middle of Oct to work on this.Thank you so much!!!(Assid, would you please contact me as soon as possible??? I would certainly appreciate that...have a question for you) No, it is not to give you grief over that (gag) Eagle thing of yours...LOL I am "paw"ferctly happy with myself....LOLThanks again everyone!!!Karen Mansfield303-706-9944 home303-875-6175 cell
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text:
Texas Gov. George W. Bush declined an invitation, ex-Gov. Pete Wilson and Elizabeth Dole haven't decided whether to attend and Ohio Rep. John Kasich was pointedly snubbed.
The plum speaking spots at the California Republican Party Convention Feb. 26-28 have been snapped up by Vice President Dan Quayle, Sens. John McCain and Bob Smith, Steve Forbes and former Tennessee Gov. Lamar Alexander.
Another convention speaker and presidential hopeful is Gary Bauer, a conservative activist who this week tapped former president and California Gov. Ronald Reagan's son Michael to head his political action committee.
New York Gov. George Pataki and New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani don't appear on the list of speakers. And neither do former House Speaker Newt Gingrich and Crossfire host Pat Buchanan.
The twice-annual convention offers presidential hopefuls a chance to dazzle the GOP faithful, schmooze with operatives and tap into California's massive fund-raising machine.
They are coming this year en masse.
"As far as I can recall, going back at least 20 years, I've never seen so many presidential candidates at a convention," state party Chairman Mike Schroeder said Tuesday.
The urgency of courting California has never been greater for presidential candidates. The state has moved its primary up to the earliest possible date March 7, 2000 potentially giving it unprecedented clout in the nomination process. The primary usually takes place in June, long after the nominations are sealed up.
Congressman Kasich was left out in the cold for agreeing to speak at a fundraising luncheon for longtime friend Rep. Gary Condit, a Modesto Democrat, in March 1997.
Condit ultimately canceled the lunch to spare Kasich further embarrassment, saying, "John is being vilified by narrow-minded partisan zealots." Still, with elephantine GOP memory, Schroeder passed over Kasich for a speaking spot this year, citing that incident.
Bush, the front-runner in many polls, declined an invitation to address the convention, saying he would make no public appearances outside Texas until the Legislature there finishes considering his education plan in mid-March.
©1999 The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed


text:
Whale Watching Package
Explore the natural wonders of Barkley Sound with Black Rock Oceanfront Resort and Subtidal Adventures in beautiful Ucluelet, BC. Discover sights of the gray whale migration in spring and humpback whales, sea otters, sea lions, and other creatures that call the Pacific Ocean home in summer. Enjoy the comforts and services of Black Rock Oceanfront Resort following your excursion and soak in memories that will last a lifetime.
Package includes:
- Minimum two nights accommodation in choice of a Studio, 1-Bedroom, or 2-Bedroom Suite
- A pair of binoculars to help you get that much closer to the wildlife
- Whale Watching Tours with Subtidal on the zodiac. Suitable for all ages.
Call now toll free (877) 762-5011 to book your Whale Watching Package at Black Rock Resort today!


text:
Aren't these lovely? They make me want to pick a color and go searching for it!
all images little brown pen
09 March 2011
paris in yellow
8 comments:
What a great idea! I think I am actually going to search for a color, it works so well here.ReplyDelete
I'd pick green...that'd be a good pre-spring challenge :)ReplyDelete
Wow! Love!!!ReplyDelete
I love this! I agree with Hedonista, it makes me want to go try it myself! Such beautifully simple photos. Thanks for sharing!ReplyDelete
love the idea!!!ReplyDelete
J'adore !!!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousNovember 5, 2011 at 8:02 PM
love this so much! Where do can we buy the frames.ReplyDelete
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


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Popular movies week 12 April 1936
Here's the list of the most popular movies in the week 12/April - 18/April - 1936. Do you remember Mutiny on the Bounty by Frank Lloyd or Captain Blood starring Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland, Lionel Atwill ?
What else happened in that week of 1936?
Discover what the world looked like on:


text:
ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
1st Choice Dental Care9020 Highway 92 Woodstock, Georgia United States of America
Does your business have a bad reputation?
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Camp Huntington
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text:
This site has not been placed here for personal recognition.
The author is not a professional web site designer, so do not expect to find "pretty" graphics or special effects within this site. Emphasis is strictly on the information placed here to allow the Osage people to stay informed of exactly how and what the current (31st) Tribal Council is doing. My information comes from that which is public on the Osage Tribe's Official web site along with reading what can be found on the Unofficial Osage Nation Homepage. I do not claim to have any "inside sources" for information and am merely an Osage who is concerned about the future of my Tribe and my Nation.
I cannot alone make a difference other than also making public the concerns of all Osages. A forum, so to speak, to also allow the Tribal Council members to know and understand just what the concerns of the Nation's people are. I need your help. Through your submissions to this web site, we can make this a reality. I do not require that you agree with me or any other posts on the site. Discussion of all matters facing the Tribe and the Nation are welcome and encouraged.
You are not required anywhere to give your name, email, or any other personal information if you do not wish to do so.
Nothing you submit may be traced back to you by anyone for any reason.
If my analysis of any information provided by the sites listed above is errant, I sincerely invite members of the Council to submit any corrections or explanations. It certainly won't hurt their job performance ratings to attempt to make clear to the Osage people that which is obviously unclear.
If you like the site or at least the idea, please help by making submissions.
This site is updated every Thursday morning. New posts and submissions will be on site then, so please check back.
05/08/03 -
In my opinion, Staci Eagle Elk, the new employee mentioned above, is off to a good start on the site overall and I for one, appreciate the newly revived effort to make the Official Web Site of the Osage Nation into a strong presence on the Internet like it was meant to be when first begun by John Essley and members of the 30th Tribal Council. I truly hope it is a trend that will continue to grow.
Author's Note: and those of you who came to the site last week in its beginning, thought OTC Reports would only be bad news and OTC bashing huh? As I remember them, my report cards showed both good and bad and were merely used as a means to show those interested my level of performance. I believe this site will be able to do the same in regards to the Tribal Council and matters regarding the Osage Nation. I am not "anti" 31st Tribal Council as some of you preferred to believe, I am "anti bad for the Osage Nation". If any of you have a problem with that, you should go live with the Navaho.
Articles: Category:
Tribal Council Meetings
The need for Special Meetings?
Resolutions: Voting statistics by Council Membership for Year 2002
Resolutions: Voting statistics by Council Membership for Year 2003
Want to submit an article? Click here for info on how to do so.
. Information found on this web site placed by the site's owner/author has been sorted and complied explicitly from published public information which can be viewed by visiting the Official Osage Nation Homepage at http://osagetribe.com.
. Contributions made to this web site are given by the owner/author along with outside sources with the intention of making aware the Osage people in matters that concern them directly as the members of the 31st Osage Tribal Council conduct business which pertains to the Osage people and the Osage Nation.
. The owner/author of this site takes no responsibility for the validity or factual content of claims or statements made by outside sources through submissions to post on this site.
. No personal attack on the character or abilities of any single person named in this web site is either intentional or implied and should not be taken as such.
. Note to submittors: Direct attacks made toward the character or abilities of individual Tribal Council member, or any other person, company, or entity associated and/or doing business with the 31st Tribal Council will not be posted and need not be submitted.
. The ultimate decision to allow or refuse any submission made to the OTC Reports remain entirely with the owner/author of this site.
This web site hosted by Bravenet.com. All Banners, Pop-ups, & Pop-Unders are the advertisements of Bravenet and the owner/author of OTC Reports has no control and takes no responsibilty for the content of these ads.


text:
login with
No Baby Bump
I am 11 1/2 weeks now, and i have absolutely no baby bump whatsoever, completely flat. There is another girl at work that is only one week ahead of me, and she has been showing for two weeks now, and we're both on our first pregnancy. Does showing or not showing reflect how healthy the baby is growing?
I didn't start showing until I was almost 15 - 20 weeks. Every pregnancy is different.
At almost 7 months I still had a tiny baby bump...then all of a sudden my belly exploded! lol My doctor kept telling me he was a big baby even though I wasn't really showing. By the time my son was born I had a huge belly and he was almost 10lbs.
It's pretty normal not to show that quickly in your first pregnancy. I wasn't showing noticeable until around 6 months
Moms also like
About Shelley
Born: Bloomfield Hills, Michigan
Current: Bloomfield Hills, Michigan
Birth: May 07
On Moms.com since: Nov 13, 2013
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He Was Working Overtime
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Threads in Forum : G.I. Joe Toys Vintage Discussion
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text:
With fifteen years of experience as an educational consultant, math tutor, and business owner, Gabriel has over 2,000 online lectures on a variety of subjects, including languages, mathematics, and business. His lessons have attracted over a million viewers and draw enthusiastic reviews from students all over the world.
Gabriel is passionate about providing clear instruction, and his extensive teaching experience (in excess of 10,000 hours of personalized instruction over the years) has equipped him with the power to inspire students and help them succeed in their education. He is an avid language learner, a conspicuous polyglot, and holds a Bachelor of Commerce degree with Honours from the prestigious Sauder School of Business.


text: About Crum & ForsterCrum & Forster is a national insurance group that is part of Fairfax Financial Holdings Limited. Crum & Forster is a registered trademark of United States Fire Insurance Company. United States Fire and its affiliated companies provide a broad range of standard and specialty insurance products and services. Visit their website at www.cfins.com. About Accenture Accenture is a global management consulting, technology services and outsourcing company, with 257,000 people serving clients in more than 120 countries. Combining unparalleled experience, comprehensive capabilities across all industries and business functions, and extensive research on the world's most successful companies, Accenture collaborates with clients to help them become high-performance businesses and governments. The company generated net revenues of US$27.9 billion for the fiscal year ended Aug. 31, 2012. Its home page is www.accenture.com. Accenture Software combines deep technology acumen with industry knowledge to develop differentiated software products. It offers innovative software-based solutions to enable organizations to meet their business goals and achieve high performance. Its home page is www.accenture.com/software. For P&C Insurance software, its home page is www.accenture.com/pcsoftware.


text:
Policy & Research
We take a rights-based approach to our development, humanitarian and campaign work. We believe that all people are entitled to decent work and income security and to essential services such as health and education, and that everyone should have gender equality, security from conflict and disasters, and be able to participate in social and political life. Here you'll find a wide selection of reports and papers on the programming, advocacy and research that we undertake in order to achieve these aims. Please also read our Humanitarian Policy Notes.
You can filter the policy papers by subject and/or by date.
Demography, scarcity and climate change: a perfect storm scenarion for more hunger (3)
Ultimately, price and production scenarios are only as useful as the insights they provide into the threats facing vulnerable people, and the policy options for governments seeking to avert those threats. So what picture do our scenarios paint for the state of world hunger in 2050?
The relentless underlying pressure on the world food system and the risk multiplier effects associated with climate change raise the spectre of an early slowdown in the rate at which malnutrition is falling, followed by medium-term reversals in many countries. Inevitably, the affects will be uneven. Middle-income countries with strong economic growth and a diversified export base will be in a position to mitigate the transmission of world price inflation back to domestic markets. However, many low-income and lower middle-income countries are poorly placed to absorb the impact of higher food import prices.
Once again, sub-Saharan Africa faces some of the gravest threats. Higher prices will translate into depressed demand for food in a region that already has the world's lowest calorific intake. In a world without climate change, sub-Saharan Africa would still face problems in combating the hunger epidemic. Under a simple baseline scenario, child malnutrition levels would increase by around 8 million to 2030 and by 2050 would revert to the same level as at the turn of the 21st century – around 30 million. Adding in the effects of climate change would increase child malnutrition by just under one million (compared with no climate change) in 2030 (see Figure 13).63
It should be emphasized that the scenarios developed by Oxfam's commissioned research do not define the world's destiny. They highlight plausible outcomes based on business-as-usual scenarios. Other futures are possible. Strengthening national agricultural policies and reprioritizing agriculture within the international development agenda more generally would help to raise productivity among small-scale food producers, in turn ensuring that regional productivity keeps pace with population growth. Building a new international governance to avert food crises and respond more effectively when they occur will help shield food-insecure countries and households from future shocks. Unfortunately, inertia in the climate system means action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions today will be unable to significantly mitigate climate change within the timescales modelled here, but it will help prevent climate change having even more devastating impacts further in the future. In the face of unavoidable climate change over the coming decades, decisive action by rich countries to support climate change adaptation in the developing world is an urgent priority and will considerably ameliorate the level of food price inflation (see Figure 14), preventing millions of additional cases of malnutrition.
Meeting the sustainable production challenge
Increasing production by 70 per cent within 40 years is a massive challenge, but entirely possible. The key is for rich country governments to resist their agricultural lobbies and remove the trade-distorting support measures which stifle investment where the real potential for increasing yields lies: the small farms of the developing world. Such a shift would free up huge budgetary resources, some of which could be redirected towards ODA for agriculture – kick-starting the rural renaissance needed.
Food availability can also be increased massively by addressing waste – estimated at between 30 and 50 per cent of all food grown.64 In rich countries, where around a quarter of the food purchased by households may be wasted,65 consumers and businesses must change their behaviours and practices. In developing countries, where waste occurs post-harvest due to poor storage and transport infrastructure, governments must increase investment.
Pressures on land and water can be reduced through new practices and techniques that boost yields, use soils and water more sensitively, and reduce their reliance on inputs – techniques such as drip-feed irrigation, water harvesting, low- or zero-till agriculture, agroforestry, intercropping, and the use of organic manures. These would also significantly reduce the carbon footprint of agriculture.
Recent research commissioned by Oxfam simulating the evolution of the costs, income and profits of agroforestry systems in Bolivia demonstrates this.66 These techniques achieved the objectives of forest conservation and climate change mitigation, presenting an alternative to the expansion of the agricultural frontier by soy and cattle farmers through deforestation. Moreover, the income of an average household involved in agroforestry is around five times larger than for any of their immediate alternatives (such as agriculture, small livestock farming or chestnut collection).
'Case Study: Combating Rural Poverty and Hunger Through Agroforestry in Bolivia'
National governments can do much more to manage their scarce resources.
Pricing water for industry and commercial agriculture will force businesses and large farms to improve their efficiency. Removing subsidies that inadvertently encourage profligate water use – such as many provided to electricity generators – is also essential. Governments can invest in water management – a very attractive proposition, as estimates suggest that for every dollar spent, a country can expect eight dollars back in averted costs and increases in productivity.67 And they can regulate investments in land to deliver wider social and environmental objectives: the respect of land rights, and the protection of forests and biodiversity.
2.3 The equity challenge
Almost one in seven people worldwide is chronically undernourished. After decades of slow decline, global hunger began to rise in the mid-1990s and soared during the 2008 food price crisis. Had the previous trend of slow progress been maintained, 413 million fewer people would be hungry today.
While the number of hungry people has thankfully dropped back from its 2008 high point of one billion, it remains higher than at any time before the crisis, and may well climb again in 2011 (see Figure 16).
Perhaps counter-intuitively, around 80 percent of hungry people are thought to live in rural areas, where most of them work as small-scale food producers: farmers, herders, fishers, or labourers.68 (See Figure 17) They are surrounded by the means to produce food, and yet they go without.
If geographically, hunger is concentrated in rural areas, within families, it is concentrated among women. When food is scarce, women are usually the first to do without. The consequences for maternal and child mortality rates are serious.70 In many countries women play key roles in food production, yet cultural traditions and unjust social structures make them second-class consumers. These same factors conspire against them as producers, restricting their access to land, irrigation, credit, knowledge, and extension services.
Such discrimination is a violation of fundamental human rights. But it is also crazy to marginalize a major proportion of food producers. Estimates suggest that, by providing women with the same level of access to resources as men, they could increase yields on their farms by 20–30 per cent, in turn reducing the number of hungry people in the world by 12–17 per cent.71
Access to land
Perhaps nothing illustrates the inequity at the heart of the food system more clearly than the case of land – the most basic resource of all. In the USA, 4 per cent of farm owners account between them for nearly half of all farm land.72 In Guatemala (see Box 4) less than 8 per cent of agricultural producers hold almost 80 per cent of land – a figure that is not atypical for Central America as a whole.73 In Brazil, one per cent of the population owns nearly half of all land.
If governments fail to provide secure access to land for their populations, then powerful local elites and investors are able to ride roughshod over local communities. In recent cases of large-scale land purchases, expropriations are the rule; the principle of free, prior, and informed consent is routinely ignored; and compensation is usually too low, if paid at all. Initial promises of development and jobs often evaporate: the land may remain idle, or the investment is highly mechanized, offering a few jobs to highly skilled males only.74 A major World Bank study found that investors were targeting precisely the countries in which institutions were weakest.75
Box 4: Guatemala tries and fails: the struggle for rural development
The 2008 food price crisis wrought havoc among Guatemala's poor and hungry majority. Thanks to extreme inequalities – in income, access to land, and state support – even before the crisis 50 per cent of all children under five were malnourished, rising to 70 per cent among indigenous children.69 A tiny elite makes its money from cash crops for export and by imposing punitive terms of trade on small producers.
The sudden rise in food prices presented the government with an opportunity to begin reform. Old legislation requiring landowners to allocate 10 per cent of their arable land to planting basic grains for national consumption was reintroduced. It lasted three days before being quashed.
Government and civil society groups then turned to a promising new law to promote food production and give small producers a better deal in supply chains. But the elites used media scare-mongering and backdoor pressure to paralyze the legislative process, and the proposed law was dropped.
'Case Study: The Struggle for a Pro-Poor Food Policy in Guatemala'
Women's access to land
In those developing countries for which data are available, women account for only 10–20 per cent of landowners.76 They may be responsible for most food production, yet they face systematic discrimination in land tenure, which may be as overt as prohibitions against women being named as owners of land, as in Swaziland, or inheriting land.77 Women are therefore more likely to rely on marginal tracts not registered as in production, and to which titles have not been granted – precisely the ones currently identified by governments and investors as 'available' for large-scale land acquisition.
For the same historical and cultural reasons that women lack access to land, they are also routinely denied access to other basic resources – including finance and education. Ultimately, overcoming systemic and corrosive discrimination against women remains the real task for governments, companies, and societies.
The resilience challenge (3)
National level action
Ultimately, national governments are accountable to their citizens for ensuring their right to food. The dysfunctional international system only increases their responsibility to do so. In the face of climate change, increasing resource scarcity, and food price volatility, governments can and must do more to build the resilience of their populations.
As a first step, governments must invest in agriculture – to improve infrastructure, extend access to productive resources, and ultimately to increase food production and incomes in rural communities where hunger is concentrated. As the examples of India and Brazil show (see Box 7), economic growth is no panacea – growth must be accompanied by broad-based job creation and social transfers if hunger is to be reduced.
Governments must also prioritize climate change adaptation. Their ability to make the needed investments, however, is undermined by the failure to date of rich countries to pin down details of their $100bn a year pledge for climate financing. Nor is current financing much help – recent estimates suggest that as little as 10 per cent is actually being channelled towards adaptation,116 while most of the $30bn of Fast Start Finance agreed at Copenhagen has turned out to be old aid money, recycled, repackaged and renamed.
If properly planned and adequately funded, adaptation will also help deliver on other challenges. For example, improving crop storage can help meet the sustainable production challenge, while strengthening safety nets and ensuring equitable access to land can help contribute to the equity challenge. Scaling up social protection systems is another crucial strategy in the government tool box. Cash transfer programmes, employment guarantee schemes, weather-indexed crop insurance, and social pensions – all can help vulnerable populations better cope with shocks. Yet today, 80 per cent of the world's population lack access to social protection of any kind – leaving them without a safety net just as risks are multiplying.117
Box 7: A tale of two BRICS
They may both be members of the BRICS group of emerging economies, yet on the question of hunger, Brazil and India are poles apart. Despite more than doubling the size of its economy between 1990 and 2005,118 India failed to make even a tiny dent in the number of hungry people. In fact, it increased by 65 million119 – more than the population of France.120 Today, about one in four of the world's hungry people lives in India.121
In Brazil, however, where economic growth has been slower, hunger has been rolled back at an incredible pace – the proportion of people living in hunger almost halved between 1992 and 2007.122
Why this marked difference? There are, of course, many factors at play, but ultimately it comes down to government failure in India and government success in Brazil, where a purposeful political leadership was buttressed by a strong citizens' movement led by people living in poverty.
In India, the government has presided over a long period of unequal growth concentrated in the services sector and urban areas, despite the fact that the majority of poor and hungry people live in rural areas. Had the government undertaken effective redistribution, then hunger could still have been reduced. Sadly, India failed to prioritize hunger or develop a coherent strategy. Ambitious initiatives such as the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act to provide 100 days of paid work to rural men and women, or a massive fertiliser subsidy programme, have been unable to make inroads without sufficient political buy-in and support.
In Brazil, the opposite was true. A national cross-sectoral strategy – Fome Zero (Zero Hunger) – launched in 2003, consisted of 50 linked initiatives ranging from cash transfers for poor mothers to extension services for small-scale food producers. Crucially, Fome Zero was championed by then President, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, which ensured the buy-in across government necessary to deliver such a broad agenda.
Although the benefits were realized quickly, Fome Zero was a long time coming; the result of 20 years of activism from Brazilian civil society and social movements. They organized and challenged, and helped expand the political horizon, electing politicians with the vision to make a difference.123
'Case Study: Fighting Hunger in Brazil: Much achieved, more to do'
Time to rebuild
The broken food system is exacerbating the very drivers of fragility that make it vulnerable to shocks. It is locked in a dance of death with the age of crisis it helped to create.
Happily, most of the solutions are known, and many necessary changes are already underway, led by growing numbers of consumers, producers, responsible businesses, and civil society organizations. Overcoming the vested interests at the heart of the system will be the single greatest challenge. History shows that justice tends not to come about through the benevolence of the powerful. Decolonization and independence, the creation of welfare states, the spread of universal suffrage, the creation of international governance: all have been won through struggle and conflict, often linked to destabilizing shocks or periods of flux. The age of crisis is a terrible threat, but also a tremendous opportunity. The prize: a new prosperity in which everyone can have a fair share.
A new governance for food crises (2)
National approaches
In addition to investing in agriculture, national governments can do much to build resilience and reduce vulnerability.
1. Invest in climate change adaptation
Perhaps the most urgent task for national governments is to help communities adapt to climate change by reducing vulnerability and climate-proofing infrastructure. As a priority, developing country governments must map vulnerability and develop national adaptation plans that prioritize the most vulnerable people. These efforts must be matched by support from the international community – in the form of new and additional public finance.
Box 9: Successful adaptation to climate change in Thailand
In 2007 farmers in Yasothorn Province, north-east Thailand, experienced the longest dry spell during a rainy season in decades. Yasothorn, one of the ten poorest provinces in the country, is part of the 'Weeping Plain', named for its barren landscape. The plain's dry conditions have made it suitable for growing fragrant jasmine rice.
The drought was part of a trend. Rainfall records show rains arriving later and later each year, caused at least in part by climate change. Working with local organization Earth Net Foundation (ENF), Oxfam initiated a pilot climate change adaptation project involving 57 men and women from the 509 organic farming households in the province.
Participants received full information on the state of climate change in Yasothorn, and shared ideas about how to adapt. They then designed their own on-farm water management systems, including storage ponds, wells, ditches, sprinkler systems, and pumps – and built them with help from a small ENF loan fund. The farmers also grew vegetables and planted fruit trees.
The following year, Yasothorn was again hit by drought – the 'worst in 57 years', according to one village elder. Excessive rainfall then drowned much of the remaining crops at harvest time. The project farms' overall rice production fell by almost 16 per cent – but things were worse on non-participating farms, where production fell by 40 per cent overall.
2. Expand social protection
At the height of the 2008 food price spike, many developing country governments – faced with spiralling hunger and discontent – reached for policy options that only made the problem worse. Forty-six developing countries used economy-wide subsidies or price controls to try to contain food prices – responses that can reduce the incentives for food producers to increase output, or place crippling burdens on government budgets.128
Social protection programmes tailored to the specific national context can target resources to the most vulnerable people, which are likely to include women and rural producers more generally. In the most sophisticated cases, like Brazil's very successful Fome Zero (Zero Hunger) programme, different approaches are blended into a massive across-the-board push to reduce hunger. Ultimately, governments should aim to establish universal programmes, which tend to be more efficient and by definition protect more people.
Today only 20 per cent of the world's people enjoy access to social protection of any kind – a scandalous gap, yet an improvement upon the situation only a few years ago, largely due to the expansion of provision in China and Brazil.129 Even in these cases, the measures often lack permanence. The big gaps are in low-income countries, where social protection tends to be donor-led pilot programmes rather than nationally owned approaches.
Predictable funding from aid donors, in the form of direct budgetary support, would allow governments to implement national programmes. Technical support may also be necessary but, critically, approaches must fit specific national circumstances, as there are few off-the-shelf solutions.
Without leadership from within government, no amount of donor support will deliver effective social protection. All too often, politicians shy away from ambitious programmes for fear of long-term fiscal commitments (ignoring the broader economic benefits that will be delivered) or worry that they will simply create dependency (which is not supported by the evidence).130
A shared goal, for governments and international institutions, should be universal access to a basic level of social protection sufficient to realise fundamental economic and social rights, including the right to food. The UN Social Protection Floor Initiative131 provides a perfect platform around which to coalesce.
3. Develop integrated hunger strategies
Growth is not necessarily inclusive. One of the reasons India has failed to tackle hunger so spectacularly despite impressive growth is because job creation and rising incomes were not broad-based (see Box 7). Recent research indicates that the majority of the world's poor people live not in the poorest countries, but in middle-income ones132 – left behind by the economic 'miracles' that have driven average incomes higher and higher.
Viet Nam chose a different path, developing a national Hunger Eradication and Poverty Reduction Programme in 1998 to eliminate chronic hunger and reduce inequality. By 2010, the country had halved hunger levels – achieving the first Millennium Development Goal five years ahead of schedule.133 The take-off started earlier, however, with land reform and the pursuit of agricultural development as a means to provide a critical 'growth spark' for a move into labour-intensive manufacturing and broader industrialization. It worked: previously a rice importer, Viet Nam is now the second biggest exporter in the world and the poverty rate has plummeted, from 58 per cent in 1993 to 18 per cent in 2006.134
Today, such national strategies for job creation and inclusive growth must be integrated with approaches to tackle vulnerability via climate adaptation, social protection, and disaster risk reduction.
A new agricultural future (2)
Four myths about smallholders
The case against smallholder farms often relies on four key misconceptions, born of a lack of familiarity with the lives of poor farmers.
1. Low productivity
Apparently striking data shows that average yields for cereals on small farms in Africa are less than two tonnes per hectare, compared with a world average which is twice as high.143 But smallholder farms often have low yields precisely because they use the factors of production more sparingly.144 Small farms in Africa use tiny amounts of fertilizer – about one-eighteenth of those in India, for example.145 They use labour rather than capital, and less than five per cent of the cultivated area is irrigated.146 Furthermore, small farmers can only dream of the lavish subsidies showered upon many large-scale farms.
Accounting for these other factors in the productivity calculation massively narrows the gap. Put another way: if small farmers had the inputs, irrigation, and subsidies enjoyed by large farms, things would look very different. This is why surveys often find that, when the focus is shifted from yields to total productivity, small farms are found to be more efficient.
Oxfam sees this time and again in its work with small farmers all over the world, such as a recent project in Mnembo, Malawi that transformed the lives of 400 families.
Where increasingly erratic rainfall had sent their maize yields into terminal decline, now, thanks to irrigation, new seeds, and fertilizers, production has increased significantly and they have diversified into wheat, rice, and tomatoes.
'Case Study: Supporting Irrigation for Food Security in Malawi'
2. Aversion to technology and innovation
'Big is beautiful' adherents maintain large farms are quicker to adopt new technologies, forgetting perhaps that the Green Revolution in India was led not only by large commercial farms, but also by small-scale producers. Farmers living in poverty do not grind out their existence using primitive technologies and outdated practices as a preferred option, rather because appropriate technologies for small producers have not been a priority for government or the private sector. For example, genetically engineered crop varieties developed overwhelmingly for large-scale industrial farms have failed to deliver for poor farmers, and have failed to make a significant contribution to tackling hunger, poverty or development.
Sub-Saharan Africa has seen countless examples of technological success stories at the forefront of innovation: smallholders have adopted improved maize and rice varieties and cassava resistant to pests.147 In the Dadeldhura and Dailek districts of Nepal, Oxfam helped 15 communities of women and men planting new drought-resistant seed varieties, building and managing new irrigation systems, and adopting new farming practices.
'Case Study: Improving Food Security for Vulnerable Communities in Nepal'
3. Aversion to risk
Some argue that small producers are insufficiently entrepreneurial and unwilling to take risks. Of course, surviving on less than $1.20 a day, without recourse to savings or insurance, narrows the scope for taking risk – on a new, unproven crop or seed variety, for example. Survival, not profit maximization, is the overwhelming priority. The solution is to help poor farmers to better manage risks: by providing better weather information and data, storage infrastructure, or access to insurance. Such interventions can help spur innovation and unlock productive potential – especially as climate change rapidly multiplies the risks poor farmers face.
4. Aversion to markets
A final myth about smallholders is that they do not respond to market opportunities. This is nonsense. While their priority is feeding their families, this does not mean poor farmers are unwilling to produce and market surpluses. Oxfam has worked with producer organizations and with the private sector on countless occasions to bring poor farmers into markets with astounding results. For example, Oxfam is helping the Sri Lankan company Plenty Foods integrate 1,500 farmers into its supply chain. Plenty Foods estimates that sourcing from small farmers has contributed to an annual growth of 30 per cent over the past four years, while farmers have seen improved access to land, credit, technical support, and markets, and a corresponding rise in their incomes.
Of course, some small producers survive on the absolute margins, working depleted soils using primitve techniques. The nature of their existence makes them unlikely to pursue market opportunities; or for that matter be pursued by market actors. But these are the exceptions, not the rule.
These four arguments do not constitute a case against investing in smallholder agriculture. They are not evidence of inherent failings or inevitabilities. The real problem is that smallholder farmers have never been given the support or been provided with the policy environment they need to flourish. They are efficient on a total-factor basis, but yields are low because of under-investment and a lack of access to resources. Technology uptake is slow because of a lack of appropriate research and development and extension services. Risk-taking is low because of a lack of supports to build resilience and climate adaptation. Engagement with markets is low because of poor infrastructure and reluctance on the part of private sector actors to accommodate them in value chains.
These are not reasons to not invest. They are reasons to invest.


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This is my 3rd phone
- 1 and onlyVote A
- 2nd phoneVote B
- 3rd phoneVote C
- 4th phoneVote D
- 5th and +the phoneVote E
Most Helpful Girl
I had 4 phones last year alone (combination of lost and stolen). I currently have my longest lasting phone of about 8 months (slightly broken) and i'm getting ready to buy a new one in September. My phones never have a good ending, but i've definitely had over 10 in my lifetime.10|10|0
Hmm.. I see most of the gagers have the same reason.
Most Helpful Guy
I've had phones since I was about 15. I am now 28. The expected life expectency of most phones (acording the the manufactureres) is bellow 2 years. I think it's reasonable that I've had more than 5 phones (six infact, but my current one is on it's last legs).10|10|0
Yup... true that


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Let us know when your receive great advice so we can thank our lawyers and point others with similar questions in the right direction.Got it!
1 charge of simple assault was dropped to a town ordinance (misdemeanor) - it came with a $1000 fine. They suspend $700 of this fine if I have a domestic violence evaluation done. I go back to the court with the letter saying I am not a 'risk' or something equivalent and that is all. I am having a hard time finding a Dr, specialist, etc who can help me. Most do not want to sign written documentation that would be submit to the court. I am in north/central NJ - any help would be appreciated.
There are numerous programs for anger management. if you call the court clerk they may be able to direct you. Almost any psychologist can give this counseling. The Judge is NP is a good guy. he just wants to see you have talked to someone a few times. call my office for a name if you like.Ask a similar question
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text:
Our stay at Mardi Gras was better than we expected. We were one of two couples who were in town to visit family. Dinner at the French Quarter was excellent. Food, atmosphere and service made a great evening to visit. The casino and dog track provided fun and entertainment after dinner. Our room was better than we expected; comfortable beds and a relaxing Jacuzzi to round out the night.
The omelet chef is an amenity I rarely see. That touch made the breakfast start the day out right. The staff at the Mardi Gras is excellent, friendly and at the height of professionalism. The next trip won't need an excuse to come and stay, Mardi Gras will be the destination.
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text:
What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
Thank you for providing us with more details.
The user guide -How-to-use-Custom-Domains-with-Jotform was referring to the CPanel option in your website.
on Step#1
To use your own domains in Jotform, add a DNS record:
Add a CNAME record which points to custom.jotform2.com with your subdomain. Here is what it will look like in the DNS:
forms.my-company-domain.com CNAME custom.jotform2.com
so, you need to add first a CNAME record which you will use later as the URL
Example: http://forms.my-company-domain.com/form/1234567890
The URL you are pointing on your screenshot is NOT the custom domain URL.. that is the custom URL Name of the form (if you want to use custom URL Name)
Hope this is clearer. Please dont hesitate to let us know if further assistance is needed.
Victor M Larrea


text:
Brandao future in doubt
Marseille striker Brandao has admitted he is not content with a place on the bench at Stade Velodrome.
By Patrick Haond
Last Updated: 10/11/10 5:54pm
Struggling Marseille striker Brandao has admitted he is not content with a place on the bench at Stade Velodrome.
The 30-year-old only penned a new deal in the summer, which runs until 2013, but has failed to score in 11 appearances this season.
Poor form has seen the uncapped Brazilian relegated to the bench, prompting rumours he could force a move away from the club in January.
Brandao played a significant part in Marseille's run to the Ligue 1 title last term, scoring eight times, and he believes he merits his place on that basis.
"I can't be satisfied coming from the bench only for five or 10 minutes," Brandao, who has been attracting interest from Rubin Kazan, told L'Equipe.
"I came to Marseille to play, not to be a substitute. I can accept competition, but I can ask for more opportunities to play.
"I have already showed my potential in the past," added the former Shakhtar striker.
Marseille manager Didier Deschamps has not shut the door on the striker's future at the club, but insists he must up his game when given the opportunity to impress.
"He has played less often than last season," admitted Deschamps.
"He had some physical trouble and there is competition. I know what he is capable of and what he can bring to the team.
"But when I am playing him it is up to him to show he is the best and very efficient."


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Posted: Wednesday, December 5, 2012 8:00 AM
In preparation for their simulator mission Rendezvous With a Comet, the astronauts-in-training will be exploring the secrets of comets, performing various experiments, and will participate in teambuilding and communication activities. We will end our day flying a space mission in search of a comet! Monday, January 21, 2013; 8:30-3:30. For students in grades 4-6. $50 per student. Pre-registration is required! Register at http://www.challengernm.org/holiday-camp-programs.php.google map | yahoo map
• Location: Albuquerque, Challenger Learning Center New Mexico
• Post ID: 4500585 albuquerque


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Collaborative product development in the extended enterprise: is integration the way forward?
The concept of the extended enterprise entered into the global automotive industry's terminology a number of years ago and reflected the belief that companies must move from traditional structures towards a more interactive organisation that abandons bureaucratic and hierarchical architectures in favour of an adaptive model better suited to the digital age. These internal changes reflected the fact that roles had already been restructured in some industries, and this process is likely to broaden and deepen as boundaries between companies and their customers, suppliers, partners, and even competitors become blurred.
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