text:
When it comes to a family night in, there is one thing that's a given in my house. Food.
When we all huddle up under blankets on the sofa to watch something on tv, we have to have some kind of snack to go along with it. Depending on our mood, sometimes we go for savory apps, but nine times out of ten we prefer sweet treats. These Mason Jar Brownie Cake Sundaes are always a crowd pleaser.
Here's what you need:
- 1 cup all-purpose flour
- 1 cup sugar
- 1/4 teaspoon ground cinnamon
- 1/2 teaspoon baking soda
- 3 tablespoon unsweetened cocoa powder
- 1/4 cup walnuts finely chopped
- 1/3 cup butter or margarine
- 1/4 cup water
- 1/4 cup buttermilk
- 1 egg beaten
- 1/2 teaspoon vanilla extract
Here's what you do:
In a small bowl stir together flour, sugar, baking soda and cinnamon. Set aside.
In medium saucepan combine butter, water and cocoa powder. Heat and stir until butter is melted and mixture is well blended. Remove from heat and stir in flour mixture.
Add buttermilk, egg and vanilla. Beat by hand until smooth. Stir in walnuts.
Pour mixture into sterilized wide-mouth canning jars. Can use 1/2 pint or pint size. Only fill half way.
Bake in oven on 325-degrees for 35-40 minutes.
Let cool and then add ice cream and sprinkles to the top.
While the routine itself is a no-brainer for us, finding something that everyone wants to watch can be tough!
I grew up watching Full House, so I am looking forward to watching Fuller House with my family later this month….while eating brownie sundaes of course. I am super psyched to see Stephanie, Kimmy and DJ back on the small screen later this month. Fuller House premiers on Netflix on Feb. 26!
Note: I am a member of the Netflix StreamTeam. As part of the #streamteam, I have received product and complimentary service, but all opinions are 100% my own.
95 Responses to "Mason Jar Brownie Cake Sundaes"
This looks delicious and love that you used Mason Jars for it. And I also cannot wait for Fuller House here, too now 🙂
These look AMAZING!! Will try these this weekend for my family. Thanks for sharing!
OMG this looks so good. and yeah I'm definitely adding more than one scoop of ice cream.
Looks yummy! I can't wait for the new Fuller House too!
I have a ton of mason jars laying around! This seems like a super easy recipe as well. 🙂
That look yummy! I have a few mason jars on hand. Will have to give this a try.
The Mason Jars don't crack in the oven? I didn't realize that and this would be perfect for me to make a single serving for those times I am craving something sweet–but since there is only me I tend to shy away from baking-we will forget for the moment that I can't bake and am a klutz!!
We're big on snacking too, especially when we watch tv. We both watched Full House regularly back in the day, I'll be checking out Fuller House.
I was totally a Full House addict growing up and now my kids are too! We are all really looking forward to Fuller House.
That look so good! I love these mason jar recipes, because they're instant dishes and you can store the leftovers in them.
Oh my, what an awesome way to get your brownie fix! That would be a fun way to serve dessert at a party. Not sure if I would want to share, though.
I have a girlfriend with a birthday coming up. I'll have to make one of these for her. We're all about mason jars down here in Georgia.
I swear canning jars are the most versatile things on earth. This is incredible – it would be awesome to make with the kids some rainy day.
I am so ridiculously excited about the new Fuller House show. I loved it when I was growing up, and I'm sure I will love it now too! And those brownie sundaes look AWESOME!
This looks really tasty! I love homemade brownies!
I love those mason jar sundaes, however I think I might be the only person in the world not really looking forward to Fuller House.
Food is definitely an important theme in almost any family activity we do together,especially watching tv, movies together! lol I love these individual brownie cake sundaes, they look delicious! P.S. We are really looking forward to Fuller House too!
This looks so good! I admit, I am excited for the Fuller House show, I was not and then I saw a preview and am hooked already!
Can't wait to make this for my dad. He will love it. It's still fascinating to make a cake in the microwave.
These look really good and the mason jar give them a really nice look. Thanks for sharing.
Love the recipe and the whole mason jar look! Can't wait to try it!
I am totally not a baker, but I think I could handle your Mason Jar Brownie Cake Sundaes! YUM and perfect for watching Fuller House on Netflix!!
I am far from the best in the kitchen. My results hardly ever look like the recipe photo, but these I might be able to pull off. They look and sound delicious.
I'm looking forward to fuller house as well! And that treat looks amazing
These look absolutely amazing. I love this idea and we all love brownies and sundaes!
I love these! I think they make great gifts and they are so pretty to look at. Not to mention, I bet they are yummy.
I got this in my email feed….. right after the Bikini Body post!! The Nerve!!! LMAO. See you again for this one in 21 days. 🙂
I love desserts in mason jars! These are really cute and I bet they taste good too!
This look so delicious! I love mason jar desserts.
Sprinkles are a mandatory ingredient for any ice cream in our house. Red loves them only on vanilla!
So cute making this in a mason jar! I also love that there is no pre-boxed stuff. It's all homemade
That looks so yummy! My problem is that I always overfill my mason jars when I bake. I need to use restraint and only pour about 1/2 way!
Omg these look so yummy! And they're not that hard to make! Good thing I have a lot of mason jars because I'm making these tonight.
This looks amazing. The perfect fit for a night of Netflix watching.
There's nothing like brownies and ice cream; it's a delicious treat. I'm excited to see the new Fuller House too. Netflix has so many great shows coming up this year.
Those look so delicious! I have never baked in a mason jar before though I've seen several recipes with it. I think I need to step outside my comfort zone and try it!
How yummy. This looks like such a fun treat.
oh yes I think I need to be making some of these this weekend they look incredible
Love how these are portioned out and easy to avoid messes!
These look really good. Who doesn't want to eat brownies…in all ways!!
These are so fun. Everyone gets their very own dessert!
This is such a cute idea and it looks delish!
Mason jars are so versatile and awesome aren't they! I love to use them in so many different ways!
I have never had a cake sundae before but yours looks amazing! I like that it is a mason jar it makes a change from the usual.
Oh man these look oh so good! I like that they can be customized with extra toppings, fruit or candy too.
I have been craving sweets so much lately!! I need to try these mason jar sundaes!!
This looks absolutely delicious! I'm going to have to try it for sure.
I usually use mason jars as part of my home decorations. I might give this recipe a try.
I have a ton of mason jars around! It looks super easy, can't wait to try it!
This sounds amazing! I love making treats in mason jars. It makes it so easy!
You had me in love with this dessert just after reading the name of it! I am also very excited for the release of Fuller House, it seems like we have been waiting forever.
These seem so easy to make. I need to give them a try. I am so looking forward to Fuller House!
I had NO idea you can even bake in mason jars! Where have I been? Why am I NOT baking cake in jars??
I have a few of these jars in my house and I bought them at a thrift store…didn't know you could bake in them.
These look so good! I love doing desserts like this- makes the portions spot on!
This looks very good. I have some of these jars in my home and I've wondered what I could make with them. I'll have to try this out.
I'm getting out of bed & making these immediately. I just can't get enough chocolate! These are heaven in a jar.
These look so good!!! I love streaming Netflix so many great shows and movies to watch.
That is just too much yummy goodness in one jar. I am marking this one down.
That recipe is so easy to make! Thanks for the awesome idea. I love brownies with a scoop of vanilla ice cream! This is perfect as a dessert or as a snack.
I think Mason jar desserts are the cutest! I also like that these don't look too difficult to make. I'm really interested in checking out Fuller House once it's released on Netflix.
These mason jar brownie cake sundaes look so delicious. I am for sure going to be making these and they would be a great dessert. Thanks for sharing the recipe.
I have a strange obsession with recipes I can make in mason jars. I have the same obsession with brownies. Yum!
This is absolutely looks good, I want to try this and i love that jars
I love this brownie, perfect for our dessert and i think it will be easy to prepare
This looks delicious and they seem easy enough to make too. Thanks for sharing this tasty idea with us.
omg nice recipe! i can totally make this tomorrow after our flower garden trip to chill!
wow, what a pretty neat idea! I would love to try this since I have all the recipes. Thanks for sharing!
How tasty! I've been meaning to try and get stuff to make my own Shamrock Shake. This would be great to try out to.
Do I have to share?? This looks amazing and perfect for MOM to grab when the kids are asleep
I love the mason jar appearance.
These look like tasty treats.
I totally am going to make this. I need a sweet treat and this looks too easy!
Now I really want brownies! These look so yummy. I will most def. be pinning for later!
I love anything in a mason jar! I'm going to have to make these mason jar brownie cake sundaes with my kids very soon!
Love this isdea of dessert in jar is a great way to avoid a mess and plus it looks really cool
These would be so much fun to make with the kiddos! And because of the individual servings, there's no fight over who has the bigger piece or he/she has more! Thanks for the recipe share!
Why would you tease me like this! That is amazing and I want to make it right now!
Robin this is such a cool idea. I can't wait to make these this weekend with the kiddos.
Wow talk about delicious! I want to try to make these right now but I shouldn't haha
This looks really good though not good for the waist line
Wow, I didn't know you can bake in masin jars. I will definitely try this.
I love mason jar treats! These ones look really yummy. I shudder to think of the calories but oh well. Aint nobody got time for calories.
These are absolutely precious! I love mason jar snacks.
Oh my, this looks amazing! I have used mason jars to combine ready-to-eat salads, but this looks really yummy! I wonder if gluten-free flour would work?
this is a good one . . .you had me at brownie! My daughter would freak on these as she LOVES anything brownies! 😉
That looks really good! I need to get on the mason jar bandwagon!
Oh these look SO good – my children would love them so much! Kaz
OMG february 26 is today! I better start looking for Fuller House! Btw this brownie cake sundaes looks really good! I might want to do 3 jars… just for me hahaha
Love the presentation!! And looks delish.
This looks so amazing! I have to try to make it, it looks like the perfect snack!
These look really yummy and easy to make too! I think they'd make for a perfect midnight snack! ; )
I could go for a brownie sundae right about now! YUM! 🙂
These look like the perfect snack or dessert to enjoy some TV time. Mason jars are the perfect size for individual portions.
I am definitely making this soon! Looks delicious!
oh my…I'm so drooling. And ice cream on top is just perfect for everyone.


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


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CTET Study Material
Q1. A teacher gives students that following mathematics problem. Reading on a school bus are 20 students in first grade, 10 in second grade, 9 in third grade, and 7 in fourth grade. Approximately what percent of the students on the bus are in first grade?
Which of the following student responses best answers the question?
1. Student A: 26%
2. Student B: 43%
3. Student C: 46%
4. Student D: 73%
Option 2 is the correct answer. Percent refers to how many out of one hundred or, in decimal form, how many hundredths. To find a percent, divide the group 20 by the total 46, and round the decimal to the hundredths place 0.43. This is 43 hundredths, 0r 43/100 or 43%. Students B answered the question correctly. Student A subtracted the number of students 46 on the bus. Student C added together all of the students on the bus. Student D subtracted the total number of students on the bus 46 from 100.
Q2. A fifth grade teacher has provided each student with centimeter grid paper and scissors to explore how some two dimensional shapes can be folded in to three dimensional figures. Which of the following concepts are the students exploring?
1. Rotations
2. Reflections
3. Nets
4. Tessellations
Option 3 is the correct answer. A net is a closed plane figure that can be folded into a closed three dimensional figure. A rotation refers to figure turning around a point. A reflection refers to a transformation in which a figure is flipped over a line. In a tessellation a figure or pattern of figure is repeated to cover a flat surface.
Q1. Which of the following correctly states an aspect of effective reflective teaching practice?
1. Peer coaching should be done sparingly because it can interfere with a coach's own reflective potential
2. To remain truly professional, reflective practice should exclude student input that challenges teaching practices
3. The reflective process should be free of links to conceptual framework that limit inquiry and problem solving
4. Teacher coaches should create an environment of trust and builds a context for reflection that is unique to every learning situations
Answer: The best answer is 4. Trust is essential to teaching contexts that enhance reflective practice. Option 2 is not the correct answer because, Students input would be useful for teaching practices, but would not promote reflection
Option 3 is not the correct answer because conceptual frameworks do not limit enquiry, rather they focus and provide discipline for the reflective processes. Option 1 is not the correct answer because the collaboration between peers in a coaching situation promotes reflection.Q2. "Shooting stars" that appear in the night sky are most likely to be
1. Particles of exploding stars
2. Comets passing near earth
3. Meteors passing into Earth's atmosphere
4. Northern or southern lights caused by magnetic storms on the SunAnswer: Option 3. Shooting stars are meteors that have entered into Earth's atmosphere where frictional heating has caused them to glow.
Q3. The original price of a certain car was 25 percent greater than its cost to the dealer. The actual selling price was 25 percent less than the original price. If m is the cost of the car and s is the selling price, which of the following represents s in terms of m?
1. S=1.00m
2. S=1.25m
3. S=0.25 (0.75m)
4. S=0.75 (1.25m)
Answer: The correct answer is option 4The question asks to apply the knowledge of percent increase or decrease to determine selling price based on cost m, in the question the original price of the car was, m+0.25m=1.25m, the selling price was, s=1.25m-0.25(1.25m)=1.25m(1-0.25), which is equal to (1.25m) (0.75)
Q1. The area of a square field is 24200 sq m. How long will a lady take to cross the field diagonally at the rate of 6.6km/hr.?
Q2. Which of the following is something that should almost always be discussed with students when they are given a type of assignment that may be new to them?
1. Whether the students will be tested on the material covered in the assignment
2. Whether the assignment will be graded according to the same criteria as other assignments with which students are familiar
3. What the students can expect to learn from doing the assignment
4. What kind of prior experience the teacher has had with this type of assignment
Q3. A piece of paper that appears blue in sunlight is illuminated solely by a red light hat is passed through a green filter. What color does the paper appear under this illumination?
1. Blue
2. Green
3. Red
4. Black
Please find the correct alternative for the above questions and discuss the related concepts...
Directions : Answer the following questions by selecting the most appropriate option.
(4) Erikson
1. ''Development is a never ending process.'' This idea is associated with
(1) Principle of integration
(2) Principle of interaction
(3) Principle of interrelation
(4) Principle of continuity
2. Four distinct stages of children's intellectual development are identified by
(1) Skinner
(2) Piaget
(3) Kohlberg
(4) Erikson
Directions : Answer the following questions by selecting the most appropriate option.
(2) 5l
1. Which is true for a hexagonal pyramid ?
(1) It has six faces and each face is a hexagon
(2) It has a hexagonal base with six triangular faces meeting at a point
(3) It has two hexagonal faces and six rectangular faces
(4) It has six hexagonal faces joined by six rectangular faces
2. The length of a rectangle is 'l' and its width is
half of its length. What will be the perimeter of the rectangle if the length is doubled keeping the width same ?
(1) 4l
(2) 5l
(3) 6l
(4) 3l
(4) 3l
Directions : Answer the following questions by selecting the most appropriate option.
1. Parents should play a ___________ role in the learning process of young children.
(1) sympathetic
(2) neutral
(3) negative
(4) proactive
2. The 'insight theory of learning' is promoted by
(1) Jean Piaget
(2) Vygotsky
(3) 'Gestalt' theorists
(4) Pavlov
1. Parents should play a ___________ role in the learning process of young children.
(1) sympathetic
(2) neutral
(3) negative
(4) proactive
2. The 'insight theory of learning' is promoted by
(1) Jean Piaget
(2) Vygotsky
(3) 'Gestalt' theorists
(4) Pavlov
1. Motivation, in the process of learning,
(1) makes learners think unidirectionally
(2) creates interest for learning among young learners
(3) sharpens the memory of learners
(4) differentiates new learning from old learning
2. Which of the following is not a sign of an intelligent young child ?
(1) One who carries on thinking in an abstract manner
(2) One who can adjust oneself in a new environment
(3) One who has the ability to cram long essays very quickly
(4) One who has the ability to communicate fluently and appropriately
Tip: Reflect on your answers and comment on why you think your answer choice is correct
Directions : Answer the following questions by selecting the most appropriate option.
A. Which is the place where the child's 'cognitive' development is defined in the best way ?
(1) Auditorium
(2) Home
(3) Playground
(4) School and classroom environment
B. The stage in which a child begins to think logically about objects and events is known as
(1) Pre-operational stage
(2) Concrete operational stage
(3) Sensori-motor stage
(4) Formal operational stage
Directions : Answer the following questions by selecting the most appropriate option.
A. Which of the following is not related to the socio-psychological needs of the child?
(1) Regular elimination of waste products from the body
(2) Need for company
(3) Need for appreciation or social approval
(4) Need for emotional security
B. Which of the following will foster creativity among learners ?
(1) Emphasizing achievement goals from the beginning of school life
(2) Coaching students for good marks in examination
(3) Teaching the students the practical value of good education
(4) Providing opportunities to question and to nurture the innate talents of every learner
Tip: Analyse the choices and reflect on your answer.
Latest Updated Exam / Guess / Model Solved Papers - Answer Keys - http://syllabus123.blogspot.com/


text:
TGS, through its wholly-owned subsidiary Arcis Seismic Solutions, has acquired the Chickadee 3C-3D multi-client survey covering 190 km2. The survey, located in West Central Alberta represents an expansion of TGS' existing coverage along the Duvernay fairway and is adjacent to the 722 km2 Kaybob-Bigstone 3D survey which was acquired in 2015.
The program is designed to assist in the evaluation and development of multiple zones from the Cretaceous to Devonian, including the prolific Duvernay and Montney. Secondary objectives within the prospective fairway include the Swan Hills, Gething, Notikewin and Gilwood formations.
TGS-NOPEC Geophysical Company
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The form stops at the Please Wait submit button.Asked by dania on April 23, 2016 at 03:06 PM
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text:
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.In Error tel the U.nited states for the Eastern t>lstrictof Wisconsm. ' .' ....' ". , .' " ,Fl'3;Uk' Lippet.'t.against the Ora.ne Company I'M 'llersonal 'Defendant bi,'inO's,el.f&l'.', ' . "/:,.,,, ['" '.' '. '. .
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C01.p:'t! anit removoothoo.ce Into his,' guardian ad litem, damages tor personal det.endant in 12.
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CRANE ELEVATOR CO. tI. LIPPERT.
1891, employed as a check boy in the office of the Union Telegraph Company, which was located in room 6 on the basement or ground lloor of t)1e Chamber of Commerce building, in Mllwaukee, Wis. The office has two entrances or exits,-one opening from and upon the public sidewalk along Michigan street, and being the only entrance and exit of customers of the Western Union Telegraph Company; and the opening from and into the main or central hall, located on the basement or ground lloor of said building. and being the only mode or way of ingress and egress into and from said office for the servants and employ& of said Western Union Telegraph Company. The basement or ground lloor of the Chamber of Commerce building is occupied by various offices and rooms used for business purposes, opening into said main or central hall, and from which a stairway ascends to the upper tioors of said building. The hall is of the width of about 20 feet, and had been for a long time used as a common thoroughfare for all persons in said offices and rooms, and for all persons having occasion to call upon them. It was the only passageway or thoroughfare by which any employes or servants of the Western Union Telegraph Company, or those calling upon them, could enter or leave the office and operating room of said telegraph company. The various offices and on the basement or ground lloor of the Chamber of Commerce building are occupied by tenants of the owner of the building. Prior to the 1st day of September, 1891, the plaintiff in error had entered into a contract with tll'f! owner of the Chamber of Commerce building to take down and remove the old elevator, and put up a new one in its place. The materials composing the old elevator, by the terms of the contract, became the property I of the plaintiff in error. Some two weeks prior to the injury complal-ned of, the plaintiff in error had taken down the old elevator, and placed the materials composing it in the main or central hall. These materials, consisting of timber, iron, and machinery, were placed on the side of the hail a,djoining the room occupied by the telegraph company, about 5 or 6 feet from the door'way leading into the telegraph office, and extending thence, in the direction of the exit from said hall, a distance of about 18 or 20 feet, and extending out' into the hall from 4 to 6 feet, and they were heaped up from 18 inches to 3 or 4 feet in height. It is' not shown whether these materials were placed in the hall with the previous consent of the owner of the building or not, but they remained there for such a length of time before the injury happened that he would be chargeable with knowledge of theit: presence there. This mass of materials was left in the hall without any guard rail around it, and without any light or warning of any kind being provided by the plaintiff in error, aside from any light which may have been kept there at times by the owner of the building. . The defendant in error was the only witness testifying touching the circumstances connected with this injury. He testified that he had been at work in the Western Union Telegraph office for about 2 years before the time of the accident, and was 15 years of age. He went to work at the uS)lal time, 5 o'clock and 30 minutes, p. m. of September 11th, and left work at 1 .o'clock a.. m. of September 12th. He further testified as follows: "I took my hat, and went out into the hall. I thought I had gone far enough to avoid the articles lying around the hail. Then I started walking down the hall slowly, until 1 came to the Board of Trade window. I tripped and fell, and struck my shoulder on some iron material lying around there. Then I got up and walked out; went home, and my mother put some liniment -on my shoulder, and all along to the elbow. · · · I went to work the next day at 5:30 D. m. I worked about an hour, and then I coulduQt stand it any longer, and asked to be excused. I remember when the new elevator was put in the Chamber of Commerce building. It was two weeks or more before the 12th of September, 1891. · · · The office of the Western Union Telegraph Company is on the west side of the building, extending from the front to the rear on the ground lloor. At the time I fell, there was only one door by which I could go into the operating room, and that was at the end ()f the corridor. · · · On the evening of the 11th of September, I went into the Chamber of Commerce building by the alley entrance. 1 walked .eJl.Elt. and then turned and walked south, up to the door of the operating
FEDEnAL REPORrER,.
vol. 63.
room. There were pla:tlkS;c!ibles,and Iron materials lyIng on the west side of the wainscoting, I anc!l extending' at the. furthest point about five or siX feet from the wainscotiDg'j.lfMvards the center of the corridor. * · *. The corridor had been piled upi'tJh,ls ,way for two weeks or more. 'When I came out at one o'clock in the'morn1ng, there was no light at all in the corridor. I could not see anything. ! I knew the rubbish was there, and I thought I went far enough away from it, so as not to be caught on it I tried to ,get away from it. I w6ntfiVe feet from the door, towards the east; then I walked nearly down to the turn, and was going to go out to the alley entrance. Before I got there I fell, right near to the Board of 1'rade window. I walked slow because I knew these things were lyIng around. So I tried to be careful. '.rhere· Were no red lanterns, or any kind of a light. The gas jet in the hall was not lighted. The jet was about four feet from the wall above. I could not reach up to the gas jet" Upon cross-examination he further testified: "So far as I knoWj the pile was just the same when I went out as when I went in. I cannot tell whether' it had been touched for some days or not It was about the 'same. There is usually one gas jet burning when I come out at one o'clock; The ·one at the crossing of the T. · · · I do not remember whether there was a light there or not Friday night, when I went in. "' * · The Ilghtil1· the haIl wasusuaIlylighted, but I often saw it out, too. I don't know who put it out. I never saw them put it out. When the light is burning, I can see the material." In addition to the testimony of the defendant in error with respect to the lighting of the hall, a number of other witnesses testified on that subject. Some of them testified that the hall u\maIlyhad a light burniilg at 5:30 p. m., but generally it was not lighted at 1 o'clock-a. m. Others testified that a Ught was kept burning in the hall all· night, and i'f, by accident,. the light went out, it was relighted by the watchman of the building. As to the character of his injuries, he testified that he fell, and struck his shoulder upon some iron. He got up, and walked home. . He felt some pain in· ,his arm, below the shoulder. It was ,the next daY', but he returned to work, and after working about an hour he wefithome, and went to bed; Aboutfout' days' after a doctor was called. His arm' waS then:badlyswollen. After treatment by two or three different physicians, he went to the hospital, November 19th, where he was operated on by a surgeon. He was in 'bed at the hospital about a month, and had to 'Clfr1'Y bis arm In a sling uritiUtfter Christmas. About a week before leaving the hospital, apiece of diseased bone was taken out of his arm. Itgradually b,i!'l:tled up. Hisal'm has'Qften pained him since he left the hoopital. It pilins' 'him most when he hast:aken cold.' He Cannot bear his weight on the arm. He has a'pretty good arm, considering the injury aIId the amount of qestruction of bone. Whether the usefulness of his arm would· be permanently iJ:npaired or not was a disputed qUet:'1tion. Since his discharge from the 'hospital he has workeda.bout six or seven weeks.. The medical testimony tended'to show that,when admitted to. the hospital, he was" suffering from tUoercular osteomyelitis; resulting from· the presence of microbes or tubercuwns.gerll1s inhis'system:that; if· 'these microbes or germs had not been 'present in his system,. the'fs:!l and consequent bruise would not have re'suited in the serious injury from which he suffered. .
:George H. Noyes, for plaintiff in error. Kate H. Pier>f (Edward S. Bragg, "of counsel), for defendant in error. 'i'i ., ',' ,,' . ., Defore WOQDS, Circuit Judge, and BAKER and SEAMAN, DistrlctJudges. '
! ,After making the foregoing statement of facts, the opinion of the '¢b1irt was deU'Vered by ,'BAKER, District Judge·. The plaintiff iIi error contends that no contract relation ,existed between it and the defendant in error, and that the injury cemplained. of did not arise out of, or occur in conse-quenoo of,any privity of contract between it and the defendant in
CRANE ELEV ATOR 00. t1. LIPPERT.
error, and hence that no duty is shown, the violation of which gave him aright of action in this case. It is also insisted that the remedy which tbe defendant in error might have had against the owner of tbe building or his employer does not extend to a recovery against tbe plaintiff in error. It is firmly settled that, in order to maintain an action for injury to person or property by reason of negligence or want of due care, theremust be shown to be existing some obligation or duty towards the plaintiff, which the defendant has disregarded or violated. This is the basis on which the cause of action mnst rest. There can be no fault or negligence or breach of duty where there is no act or service or contract which the party is to perform. Whenever a party is sought to be charged on the grouJUd that he has caused a way or other place to be incumbered, or suffered it to be in a dangerous condition, whereby an injury has been occasioned to another, the right of action therefor is bottomed on the principle that the negligence complained of consists in doing or omitting to do an act by which a duty imposed by law, or growing out of contract, has been violated. A trespasser who comes upon the land of another without right cannot maintain an action if he runs against an obstruction or falls into an excavation there situated. The owner owes no duty to a wrongdoer to provide safeguards for his protection. So, also, a licensee who enters on the premises of another by permission only, witbout any allurement, enticement, or invitation being held out to him by the owner or occupant, cannot recover damages for injuries caused by obstructions or excavations. He goes at his own risk, and enjoys the license subject to its attending perils. Railroad Co. v. Griffin, 100 Ind. 221; Reardon v. Thompson, 149 Mass. 267, 21 N. E. 369; Byrne v. Railroad Co., 104: N. Y. 362, 10 N. E. 539. This is so because no duty is imposed by law or contract on the owner or occupant to keep his premises in a safe condition for those who come there solely for their own convenience or pleasure, and who are not either expressly or impliedly invited or induced to come upon them by the· purpose for which the premises are appropriated or occupied, or by such adaptation of the place for use by others as might naturally and reasonably lead them to suppose that they might properly and safely enter thereon. The owner of a building occupied by a tenant owes him and tbose employed by such tenant the duty not to expose them to a dangerous condition of the place whicb reasonable care on his part would baveprevented. Holmes v. Drew, 151 Mass. 578, 25 N. E. 22; Leydecker v. Brintnall, 158 292, 33 N. E. 399. The telegraph company, and those employed by it, bad a right to the use of the hall, for all lawful purposes, free from dangerous obstructions, so far as ordinary and reasonable care could provide against them. It acquired this right as an incident of its tenancy, and this right also inured to the benefit of its employes and servants. Neither the owner of the building, nor another by his authority, had the right to place an obstruction in the hall which would endanger the safety of those having lawful occa· sion to pass through it while in the exercise of due care. If the plaintiff in error placed the obstructions complained of in the hall v.63F.no.7-60
1l'EDERAL REPORTER,vol.
',uncle&ia:grant of authority from tbe owner of the building, its ,duties 'lU1tG l reElpQMibilities were coextensive with those of its grantor. If U:pl8/Cediheobstructions in the corridor without the consent of the owner,·oHhe building, its responsibility to the defendant in error for hisinj'Ury:lwould assuredly be no .less than if it had, acquired such ·cOBrseht.: '. These principles .,are illustrated and applied in many EngJishand American cases, one of which (Corby v. Hill, 4 C. B. [N. S] 562,'cited and approved iriBennett v. Railroad Co., 102 U. S. 577) it will be sufficient to examiIie. . That was an adion for an injury sustained by the plaintiff' while traveling upon a private way leading ffOro'a public turnpike ta :a certain asylum, and over which persons :having occasion to visit such building were likely to pass, and were accustomed 1;(:) pass, leave of the owners of the soil. The defehdant negligently obstructed the way, by placing thereon certaint materials,without giving notice or warning of the obstructionby'light or other, signal, and by reason thereof the plaintiff's horse was driven against the obstruction and injured. One of the pleas was that the defendant had placed the materials on the way by the license or consent of the owners of the soiL 'Upon the argument fof the case, counsel for the defendant contended that the ownera:ofthe soil, and consequently, .also, any person' having leave or licimsefrorn them, might, as against other persons using the way bythe:Uke leave and license, place an obstruction thereon, without incnrringresponsibility'for an injury resulting therefrom, unless in the case,where an allurement or inducement was held out to such other :pm'$oh to make use of the waY. Upon the general question, as wellll8'Jirlanswer to this argument, Cockburn, C. J., said:
me that the very case from which the learned counsel seeks to distinguicsh 'this is the case now before us. The proprietors of the soil held out plaintiff was induced to come upon the place in heldoutthisroad, to all persons having occal,;ion to proceed to the al!Yhlp1, aa the means of accesl,; thereto. ... ... ... HaVing, SO to speak, .dedicated the way to such of the general public as might have occasion to use:it for that purpc:itie, and havtng held it out as a safe and con()f access to the establishment, without any it was not competentcior them to place thereon 9J1Y obstruction calculated to render the roaa. and likely to cause injury to those persolfs ,to whom they held it out 8:s way along which they might safely go. If that be so, a third COlIid not acquire the right to do so under their license or permissloIVc', , ·
case, Williams, J., said:
"I the plaintiff shoula not have a remedy. against such a wrohgdoel', 'just as much as if the obstruction had taken place upon a public road. Good sense and justice require that he should have a remedy, and thete is no. authority it."
The as the em,ploye of the telegraplr company, had thel,'ig}1t· tj) llse the hl}1l, forilie purpose of travel to and from bis pll,tce pf, .f1ixlployment, free froqi dangerous obstructions, as agafillilt OWner of the licensee, well as against it without aqy. claiJ;a (If right. The plaintiff in error, one in the hall, was 'guiltYM 'an invasion of the right, of tile defendant tn 'error to its free and unobstructed use. The case of
Winterbottom v. Wright, 10 Mees. & W. 109, and other cases cited and relied on by counsel for the plaintiff in error, are not applicable to the present case. That case, and others like it., denied a remedy on the ground that at the time of the happening of the negligent act the defendant owed no duty arising out of contract or imposed by law, in respect to the person injured. There being no breach of duty, it was held that there was no right of action. In the case before there was a duty owing to the defendant in error, coupled with its breach, from which a right of action arose in his favor, if he was free from contributory negligence. Having placed obstructions in the hall, the duty rested upon the plaintiff in error to exercise reasonable care and prudence to protect from injury those having lawful occasion to use it, by means of lights or other suitable safeguards. This duty required the exercise of care and diligence on its part iJ;l proportion to the danger occasioned by the presence of these obstructiop.s. It saw fit wholly .to neglect the performance of duty. It' relied upon. the lighting of the hall by the owner of the' building as the sole means of protection against injury from these obstructions. Having intrusted to another the discharge of a duty rel:lting upon itself, the plaintiff in error is responsible for a failure in its performance. The evidence. touching the manner of the performance of this duty was conflicting,.l\nd, under instructions as favorable to the plaintiff in error as it was entitled to ask, the jury have found that there was negligence. It is the settled doctrine of the federal courts that the burden· of showing contributory negligence rests upon the defendant. Unless, from the evidence in the case, contributory negligence is affirmativeiy disclosed, the plaintiff is entitled to recover, upon proof of actionable negligence on the part of the defendant J;'eSultiI!g in injury. Contributory negligence is claimed to have been affirmatively shown in th.etestimony of the defendant in error. It has been well said:
"There is no fixed standard in the law by which a court is enabled to arbitrarily, say in every case what conduct shall be considered reasonable and prudent, and what shall constitute ordinary care, under all the circumstances. The terms 'ordinary care,' 'reasonable prudence,' and such like terms as are applied to the conduct and affairs of men, have a relative significance, and cannot be arbitrarily defined. What may be deemed ordinary care in one case may, under different surroundings and circumstances, be gross negligence. The policy of the law has relegated the determination of such questions to the jury, under proper instructions of the court. It is their province to note the special circumstances and surroundings of each particular case, and then to say whether the conduct of the parties in that case was such as would be expected of reasonable, prudent men, under a similar state of affairs. When a given facts is such that reasonable men may fairly differ upon the question as to whether there was negligence or not, the determination of the matter is for the jury. It is only where the facts are such that all reasonable men must draw the same conclusion from them that the question of negligence is ever considered as one ,of law for the Railway Co. v. Ives, 144 U. S.. 408, 12 Sup. Ct. 679.
An adult must use that degree of care and attention for his own protection that is ordinarily exercUled;,by persons of intelligence and discretion. In infants and children of immature judgment, less discretion is required, depending upoI,l iage and intelligence in each
lI'EDERAL REPORTER,
particular case. Railroad Co.v.Gladman, 15 Wall. 401. Here a boy 15 years of age, ha"ing knowledge of the obstruction of the hall, and that it is not lighted, is in attempting to pass through it. :f.le :'Vas, not bound, under the cir<!umstances, to remain shut up in the all night. had a lawful right to use the hall for the purpose of exit, notwithstanding ,its obstruction. He was bound to use care to avoid injury, iqlView of all the circumstances and surroundings, taldng into consideration his age and intelligence. The jUry saw .the boy before them, they heard him testify, and were enabled to form a judgment in regard to his intellicapacity to exercise care and avoid injury than we can. He testified that he exercised hishest judgment, and traversed the corridor with care. He walked, as he supposed, sufficiently far towardst4eeast side of the hall to carry him beyond the obstructions, its westside to the distance of four or five feet. The .obstrtlction with whicl;l. in contact was some dista,nce down the haUfr,om the plate where he entered it, and he could only be guided· by" his judgment as to the distance in walldng to reach a point toj)as$ it. He moved slowly and carefully. He misjudged the distance,and, a result,fell upon the iron and material which the plaintiff in error had. placed in th,e hall.We do not think the facts are such tJ;u:\t all reasonable men must draw the conclusion that the boy, his age and intelligence, was guilty of negligence, under the circumstances. As different conclusions may be drawn as to whether he used dUe care or not, the question was one whose determination belonged to the jury. The instructions of the court fairly presented this question to the jury,and by their verdict they have found that he WllB free from contributory negligence. The court haying correctly instructed the jury on the subject of contributory negligence, and the question being one for their determination, their verdict is conclusive here, although not in the court below. The plaintiff in error further contended on the oral argument that the inju,rysustained by the defendant in error was not the proximate, resUlt of his fall, but arose from the presence of tuberculous germs in ,his system. It was the hurt occasioned by the fall which afforded 'an opportunity 'for the active development oithe poisonous germs whidl had theretofore been innocuous. It was the wrongful act which gave rise to the consequenUnjury, and it is not apparent that the injury, would have occurred in the absence of such cause. In the case of Railway Co. v. Kellogg, 94: U. S. 4:69, 4:75, it is said:
"When there .Ie no intermediate, efficient· cause, the original wrong must ro the et'f'ect, and proximate to it. The inquiry must therefore always be whether there was any intermediate cause, disconnected from, the primary faUlt, and, self.,operating, which, produced the injury."
be considered8isreaching
The wrongful act ofilie plaintiff in error subjected the injured party to ofhe'l'''and depeUdentcauses, which were Bet in motion by th8 originttl hurt.· Fortl:Ulll it is answerable. Ginna v. Railroad Co., 67N. Y.'596:fDrake v.Kiely,93 Pa. St. 4:92; Brown v.Railway Co., 342, IlN.iW. 356, 911, Railway 00; v. Buck;:96 Ind. 346.
HIRSCHBECK 'l7. UNITED STATES.
The plaintiff in error also complains of the refusal of the court to charge the jury, upon its request, as follows:
(1) "We think the decided weight of authority is in favor of the rule that, in an action of negligence, the defendant has the right to have the question submitted to the jury whether the result which is the ground of action might, under aJl the circumstances, have been reasonably expected, not by the defendant, but by a man of ordinary intelligence and prudence." (2) "It is generaJly held that, in order to warrant a finding that negligence of an act not amounting to wanton wrong is the prOXimate cause of the injury, it must appear that the injury was the natural and probable consequence of negligence or wrongful act, and that it ought to have been foreseen, in the light of the attending circumstances."
It is not necessary to express any opinion in regard to the accuracy of the above propositions of law, or in regard to their applicability to the facts of the case. The plaintiff in error failed to reserve any exception to the refusal of the court to give them in charge to the jury. It will not now be heard to allege error upon any ruling to which it did not, at the proper time, reserve an exception. The instructions of the court were in harmony with the foregoing principles, and a careful examination of them fails to disclose any substantial error. All of the alleged errors argued by counsel have been considered by the court, and we find no prejudicial error in the record. The judgment below is affirmed, at the costs of the plaintiff in error.
HIRSCHBECK v. UNITED STATES. (District Court, N. D. New York. October 19, 1894.)
A commissioner is not entitled to charge for making triplicate, Instead of duplicate, affidavits to the accounts of special deputy marshals, or for triplicate orders for payment of witnesses. A commissioner is not entitled to fees for administerIng two oaths, when duplicate oaths are required, or for arraigning parties brought before him charged with crime. A commissioner is entitled to fees by the folio for drawing recognizances and orders, to the full number of folios employed, in the absence of proof that these' papers were unnecessarily prolix.
This was a suit by Oaroline G. Hirschbeck, as administratrix of Joseph G. Hirschbeck against the United States, to recover fees alleged to have been earned by the decedent as a United States com· missioner.
Joseph .G.Hirschbeck was a circuit court commissioner for the Northern district of :New York. The plaintiff, as his administratrix, brings this suit to recover various items which were stricken from his accounts by the accounting officers of the treasury department. In making up the accounts of special deputy' marsbals he had charged for triplicate affidavits and triplicate orders for payment. He bad also cbarged for two oaths in cases where he Wflll. requireq to take. an oatb and a duplicate thereof. He had· made charges also for arraigning parties brought before him charged 'With crime. In drawIng recognizances he had charged by the folio, insisting that he was not limited to two or three folios, but might charge for the number of folios


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The McDonald's located at 1555 N. Broadway celebrated their grand re-opening with a ribbon, cake cutting and VIP party on Thursday night, August 25th. It was a big crowd at McDonald's. Marvin Spence, owner operator, is proud to bring Joliet an upscale new McDonald's for the community to enjoy for years to come. At the VIP party Marvin Spence welcomed friends, colleagues, City employees, Joliet Chamber members, and representatives from the local schools for a special grand opening VIP event. First and foremost important was a presentation made by State Representative Natalie Manley and State Representative Larry Walsh Jr. They both spoke and thanked Marvin for being a part of Joliet. Mayor O'Dekirk also spoke at the event and told Marvin how thrilled they are to have him at this location and for his involvement in the community. Marvin Spence was honored to have so many Joliet VIP's to share in the celebration. Additional speakers at the event included the following: Jim Carras, McDonald's Chicago Region Vice President and General Manager and of course the owner, Marvin Spence. The event featured complimentary McDonald's appetizers, and smoothies,and of course the cake. The event featured a special appearance by Ronald McDonald. Special thank you to Mike Paone, Vice President of the Joliet Chamber and also to Danielle Blake, Joliet Chamber Account Executive for coordinating the ribbon cutting at the party. Please stop in and see the new look of this McDonald's. Please also take advantage of all the grand re-opening events which are scheduled to run through September 11. For future events with the the Joliet McDonald's, contact the Joliet McDonald's Community Relations Director, Julie Travers at email@example.com
This item was posted by a community contributor. To read more about community contributors, click here.


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Hotel Nikko Saigon
Hotel Nikko Saigon is a part of Nikko Hotels International, a a multi-national hotel chain comprising Hotel Nikko properties in Asia, Europe, North America, and the South Pacific. By staying at Hotel Nikko Saigon guests can enjoy a modern fitness club, stylish spa & wellness center, and a swimming pool. The 23 story building offers amazing views over the city. The hotel is situated in the business district of Saigon, being close to numerous points of interest and the public transportation hub. The closest airport to the hotel is Tan Son Nhat International Airport situated 5.9 km / 3.7 miles away. From the airport the hotel offers an airport shuttle. If you want to travel around the city, the hotel is surrounded by bus stops.


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Amazingly, Apple surpassed that total in 2015 by selling a record 74.8 million iPhones. But unless Apple has a spectacular three month period from January through March, the device will indeed suffer its first decline in sales year-over-year. Pacific Crest Securities analyst Andy Hargreaves recently cut his estimate on Apple's earnings for the quarter as he expects iPhone sales from January through March to register at the low-end of Apple's range.
This year-over-year decline in iPhone sales should be short-lived. Next quarter, we could see some contribution from the 4-inch Apple iPhone SE. The following quarter after that, the new design of the Apple iPhone 7 and Apple iPhone 7 Plus should lead to stronger sales year-over-year. There is a good chance that the current quarter is an outlier when it comes to year-over-year iPhone sales.
Apple does have a large number of potential buyers that can make a difference in any given quarter. 60% of Apple iPhone owners who were sporting an iPhone at the time the Apple iPhone 6 was released, have not yet updated to a device with a larger screen. And if they don't want an iPhone with a larger screen, perhaps they want a more powerful 4-inch model like the upcoming iPhone SE. Either way, it does add up to a large number of potential iPhone buyers on the sidelines, waiting to make a purchase.
Apple iPhone 6s
Popular galleries
Apple iPhone 6s
Apple iPhone 6s Plus
Popular galleries
Apple iPhone 6s Plus
source: WSJ


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Milestones are published in print the first and third Tuesdays of the month.
To get started, choose your Milestone below:
Brian Mahilo & Marissa Johnson High school sweethearts Marissa Johnson and Brian Mahilo are engaged. The couple have chosen Saturday, May 26, 2018, as their wedding date. Marissa is the daughter of Chuck Johnson and Janet Konesky, both of Avon. →
Courtney Swint and Kevin Schaefer of Westerville are happy to announce the birth of their daughter, Lucy Jean. She was born April 21, 2017, and weighed 6 lbs. 15 oz. and was 19 inches long. Lucy's grandparents are Margie and Jeff Swint of Vermilion, →
Rowan Marie Casper Proud parents Nina Fullerton and Neal Casper welcomed their baby girl, Rowan Marie Casper, on Aug. 1, 2017, at 9:50 p.m. Rowan Marie weighed 7 lbs. and was 20½inches long. Addyson and Ella are excited to be big sisters. Her →
Barbara & Richard Simmons Richard and Barbara Simmons of Medina, celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary on Saturday, Aug. 5, 2017. They were married Aug. 5, 1967, at the Medina United Church of Christ by the Rev. Truman Whitaker. Richard is the →
Retirees party! Get together mixer and social! Join us for drinks, fun and some major mill rat reminiscing 5 to 11 p.m. Sunday, Aug. 27, at Lorain Amvets Post No. 47 at 30th Street and Broadway. Free entry, cash bar. Please RSVP, a head count is →
Lindsey Farley & Gregory Gamble Lindsey Farley and Gregory Gamble, of Brunswick, are happy to announce their engagement. Lindsey is the daughter of Lorri and Chris Ritter of Seville. Gregory is the son of Michael Gamble of Cincinnati. A May 26, →
Edward F. Stevenson The family of Edward F. Stevenson invite you to celebrate his 90th birthday with a surprise card shower. Ed was born Aug. 28, 1927 in Pittsburg, Pa. Ed served in the Navy during World War II. A long-time resident of Grafton, he →
Marianne & Ed Krieger Marianne and Ed Krieger were married on August 5, 1967. Ed worked as a musician and at The Medina County Board of MRDD. Marianne worked at Brecksville Junior High and The Medina County Career Center. They have been blessed →
Joyce & Darrell Mullins Joyce and Darrell Mullins have celebrated 50 years together. They were married on March 31, 1967 at Buffalo Valley Baptist Church in Clay, WV. They celebrated on April 23, 2017 with family and friends at Allardale Lodge. →
Mary & Darnell Board Congratulations Mary (Tellier) and Darnell (Boo) Board on celebrating your 25th wedding anniversary. They were married July 25, 1992 at Finwood Estates. Darnell is employed by Lorain County Sheriff's Department of Corrections, →
Patricia Bauer "Happy 90th birthday, Aunt Pat!" Born July 31, 1927 in Elyria, Pat has lived in the family home her entire life. Pat retired from Guilford Instrument in Oberlin. She attends Saint Agnes Church in Elyria. She is a world traveler and →
Get together mixer and social! - Join us for drinks, fun and some major mill rat reminiscing, Sunday, August 27, 2017, from 5 to 11 p.m., at Lorain Amvets #47, 30th and Broadway. Free entry, cash bar. Please R.S.V.P., a head count is appreciated. →


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Payment Processing
Product 8/10
• All New! STI makes the performance and reputation of one of the most successful mud tires of all time-The Gorilla Silverback- more accessible to more riders.
• Maximum traction with 1.125"-1.25" deep lugs but offers a smooth ride on hard pack surfaces.
• Rugged 6-ply bias carcass
• Lighter weight allows for use on small/midsized machines
• Value priced, hi- performance yet easy on the budget.
This product was added to our catalog on Friday 21 June, 2013.


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Most Helpful Guy
Basically, anywhere that allows me to still look at her and not see it.00|00|0
*at her face
Have an opinion?
The best tattoos you can get are the ones that mean something special to you. Not the ready to ink stencil shit that just "looks neat". As far as placement put it anywhere you want it just make sure your artist is good and you know what you want 100%.
Whats a placement>? I have heard of replacement but not placement
arm ;)
Shoulder, lowers back, below breast. All sexy to me. My girlfriend has one on under her left breast. Its a quote that says "not all those who wander are lost" in script. I think its fucking hot as hell. I love seeing it.
Anywhere except the tramp stamp.
tatoos are like bumperstickers on a ferrari... doesn´t matter where you put them, they look trashy.
None, all tattoos are unattractive.
Tramp Stamps ;)
Ribs, hips, and yes the tramp stamp *don't judge me* it just looks cool I swear :O
Not having a tattoo is the sexiest in my opinion
I hate tattoos along with most piercings as I only tolerate ear piercings on a women, and it has to be a normal one since I won't date a female that don't follow those standards. :P.
so there you go just for you there um yeah.*.
I think it's on the hip or underboob hahaha...
The one that's not there. No tattoo is sexy. At best they're just tolerable.
tramp stamp, lower back region.
A full sleeve.
I personally like thigh tattoos. A nice piece on the outside of the thigh can be really sexy when wearing shorts. It matters more on the tattoo than the placement in some cases.
Hm... probably stomach or hip area.
On the hip
no tattoo at all. sexy skin colour flesh. bare flesh is beauty and hot.
a drawing is... for a book cover good. but for skin no.
I prefer no tattoos really but if I had to pick I'd say the stomach or near/around her belly button.
No tattoo.
None. I really don't like 'em
No such thing. Tattoos = trashy
Right front side stretching from upper hip bone to lower ribs. Nothing too intricate but letters or symbols work.
You cannot undo this action. The opinion owner is going to be notified and earn 7 XPER points.


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Yogic Breathwalk in Stadswandelpark
Spoken in: English, Nederlands, Русский
(2 reviews) star Yoga class Eindhoven 1 - 5 watch_later 1 hours
- done Explore Eindhoven and meditate at the same time!
- done Yogic warm-up exercises
- done Learn easy breathing techniques
- done Guided walking meditation
- done Can be done even in rainy weather but take umbrella!
You will be picked up anywhere in: Alberdingk Thijmlaan 18, Eindhoven, Netherlands, Eindhoven
What you can expect
Yoga Breathwalk is the science of combining specific patterns of breathing synchronized with your walking steps and enhanced with the art of directed, meditative attention using mental focus, mantras and mudras.
It is simple, natural and effective, anybody can do it, no special experience or equipment is needed. Join us!
This is the plan
Yoga class details
- checkFree cancellation up to 14 days before experience date
- closeNo refunds within 14 days of experience date
- checkraw vegan snacks
- checkNon alcoholic
"For everyone who would like to experience local life from a new perspective I am inviting to open-air workout BreathWalk, enjoying oasis of nature in the midst of the Eindhoven city while consciously practicing different breath techniques to bring vitality, good mood and mental clarity.
And all women are welcome to my weekly classes of Kundalin Yoga for Women, energetic and flowing practice with special attention to female health and well-being.
Pregnant mums will find their new tribe on weekly Happy Mama Yoga classes.
Yoga classes are drop-ins friendly. BreathWalk is arranged on request."


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BP Comment Quick Links
November 23, 2005
Transaction Analysis
November 18-22
Purchased the contracts of SS-B Erick Aybar, 2B-R Howie Kendrick, C-R Mike Napoli, OF-R Nick Gorneault, OF-Bs Tommy Murphy and Reggie Willits and RHP Jose Arredondo; outrighted RHP Dustin Moseley to Salt Lake; gave RHP Matt Hensley his unconditional release. [11/18]
Putrchased the contracts of RHPs Chris Britton, Brian Finch, Jim Johnson, Ryan Keefer, Sendy Rleal, and Marino Salas, SS-L Brandon Fahey, and OF-L Nick Markakis. [11/18]
Released OF-R Gabe Kapler; purchased the contracts of LHP Jon Lester, RHPs Jesus Delgado, Harvey Garcia and David Pauley, and OF-Ls Brandon Moss and David Murphy. [11/18]
Re-signed INF-R Pablo Ozuna to a one-year contract; purchased the contracts of OF-R Chris Young, OF-L Jerry Owens, C-R Chris Stewart, LHP Daniel Haigwood and RHP Charles Haeger. [11/18]
Among the many lessons a conqueror and champion of no less merit than Napoleon himself chose to ignore was that it doesn't always pay to reward everyone in your posse when you win big. Not that I'm suggesting that Kenny Williams would make the mistake of making a particularly dim brother-in-law the King of Naples, but some people are fundamentally important to your success, and some people, not so much. While many noted the determination with which the Sox collectively turned up an organizational nose at the suggestion of deadline deals to improve their hand in-season as some sort of statement of character, I'm not quite so sanguine on the subject of self-improvement. I'm certainly not sold on the absolute necessity to have Pablo Ozuna as the team's primary utility infielder, but in his defense, he can run, make contact at the plate and play the left side of the infield well, and all that has some value.
Purchased the contracts of OF-L Brad Snyder, 1B-L Michael Aubrey, RHPs Brian Slocum and Edward Mujica, and LHP Rafael Perez. [11/18]
Purchased the contracts of INF-L Don Kelly, RHPs Joel Zumaya, Humberto Sanchez, Kyle Sleeth, Eulogio De La Cruz, and Jordan Tata, 3B-R Kody Kirkland, and OF-R Brent Clevlen; outrighted RHPs Adam Peterson and Colby Lewis to Toledo. [11/18]
Signed SS-R Wilson Valdez, OF-L Kerry Robinson, 1B-L Chris Richard, 3B-R Mike Coolbaugh, and RHPs Joe Nelson and Victor Santos to minor-league contracts; purchased the contract of SS-R Angel Sanchez. [11/18]
Signed RHPs Adam Bernero and Seth Etherton to minor league contracts. [11/22]
Wow, Mike Coolbaugh. Sort of like Scott McClain, he's a guy I always hoped would catch a break, but Coolbaugh's going to be 34 in June, and when you're almost old enough to be a Ken Phelps All-Star for the SPBA, you're not really a Ken Phelps All-Star any more.
I guess it's a sign of my wasted youth that I miss it, the true Senior circuit, especially since the Arizona Fall League just seems to be extended batting practice designed to get people revved up on the next James Mouton. Heck, it even gave me my favorite Peter Golenbock book, The Forever Boys. Still, I suspect that Coolbaugh is right to rage against the dying of the light, and avoid leagues where they let the fans play shuffleboard from home plate after the game.
As for the rest, it's slightly better than just a group of guys to pitch to Omaha season-ticket holders. Santos will probably wind up in the Opening Day rotation, which qualifies him as a bargain-bin find for a club that needs a few, and Wilson Valdez might be just plausible enough to threaten Angel Berroa with. Robinson and Richard both might make adequate reserves, or at least slightly less loathsome ones than Terrence Long. Richard will be 32 next year, so he's not an asset or anything close to the adequate regular he was in 2000-2001, but he is finally back from his injuries, having hit .301/.379/.489 at Oklahoma in '05.
Purchased the contracts of OF-L Alex Romero, RHPs Adam Harben and Pat Neshek, and LHPs Justin Jones, Jose Mijares and Errol Simonitsch. [11/18]
Purchased the contracts of OF-R Kevin Thompson, RHPs T.J. Beam, Matt Desalvo, Jeffrey Karstens and LHP Matt Smith. [11/18]
Signed RHP Matt Roney to a minor league contract; purchased the contracts of OF-L Andre Ethier, OF-R Javier Herrera and RHP Shane Komine. [11/18]
Signed C-R Kenji Johjima to a three-year, $16.5 million contract; signed C-R Corky Miller to a minor league contract. [11/21]
I'm impressed. Talk about breaking with the past, it's as if the team wanted to dispel memories of both Dan Wilson and Pat Borders on a single day. Johjima may well be the prize of the winter's crop of catchers, not that there were many catches worth making, but he's hit for power, is reputed to be an outstanding defender, and if he's not exactly a patient hitter, he's Varitek-like in his willingness to take a pitch and help his OBP towards respectability. Maybe it'll work out. Working against the move is the fact that he'll be 30 in his "rookie" season, not a good age for a catcher or any hitter, and the unknown extent to which language or culture might represent a particular problem for a catcher who doesn't speak either English or Spanish, and whether or not that power he's hit for in Japan will translate at all well into Safeco. I wouldn't consider the descriptions of his being a "gap" power source as all that promising, so I'd ratchet down any expectations that the Mariners have imported the next Mike Piazza. At least the broken leg that ended his '05 early isn't supposed to be a problem this spring.
That language consideration may well influence the club's choice of backup catcher. Unfortunately, I don't know if Miller is bilingual, but since he can catch, and he's not a complete zero behind the plate, he wouldn't be a bad choice. The alternative is Yorvit Torrealba, who does speak Spanish, and if his expiration date as interesting trade bait is closer than you think, he's a more solid reserve to rely upon in the big leagues than Miller is. Basically, a Johjima and Torrealba combo in the majors, plus Miller in Tacoma, is probably about as good as it could get as a solution for the Mariners' perpetually awful catching situation, so credit Bill Bavasi and company for doing something about it instead of observing a mourning period of unseemly length for Dan Wilson. I mean, let's face it, four years is a bit long to miss a guy's bat, especially when it was only Wilson's.
(To pre-empt Wilson defenders, just keep in mind that when I compared him unfavorably to Dave Valle, it was for good reason: adjusted for all time, Valle's career Equivalent Average was .255, Wilson's .246, and both were good defenders in their day. Wilson might be able to afford cloning a few Dave Valles, though, not that I'd consider that a real bragging right.)
Outrighted OF-L Josh Hamilton to Durham; designated C-L Pete LaForest for assignment; purchased the contracts of 1B-R Wes Bankston, C-R Shawn Riggans and RHP Jamie Shields. [11/18]
Signed RHP Chad Harville to a one-year contract; designated LHP Joe Beimel for assignment. [11/22]
I suppose that I've long since gotten off of the admittedly Smart Car-sized Harville bandwagon, but Tampa is as good a place as any to re-acquire an element of desirability, and where better than in the organization where fellow Oakland discard Jesus Colome looked useful? Having pitched in Fruit Drink Ballpark West over in Houston, Harville's even used to getting drubbed in places where the juice is a product of the box you're in, so that aspect of the Tropicana experience won't be unfamiliar.
Purchased the contracts of 2B-R Ian Kinsler, SS-R Joaquin Arias, and RHPs Omar Beltre and Wes Littleton. [11/18]
Purchased the contracts of RHP Josh Banks and 2B-R Ryan Roberts. [11/18]
Purchased the contracts of SS-R Sergio Santos, C-L Miguel Montero, RHP Michael Schultz and LHP Doug Slaten; outrighted SS-R Jerry Gil to Tucson. [11/18]
Outrighted OF-R Bill McCarthy to Richmond; signed RHP Brad Baker to a one-year contract. [11/17]
Purchased the contracts of RHP Jose Ascanio, 2B-R Martin Prado, 1B/OF-R James Jurries, and OF-R Josh Burrus. [11/18]
Signed OF-L Mike Ryan to a minor league contract. [11/21]
Okay, I know these aren't the moves that in themselves win you a pennant, but I definitely like the decisions to look at Baker and Ryan. Baker is not your standard relief prospect (if you're one to believe in such an animal), relying heavily on a change-up, but he can still dial it up around 90 now and again. I certainly think that if Doug Jones could throw 90 once in a while to complement his change, he'd still be pitching.
Baker did have a rough intro to the PCL this year, so after allowing nine home runs, a hit per inning, and a walk every other in his 65 1/3 innings, there probably wasn't a lot of demand for him. I guess I consider his 74 strikeouts and his coming over to Atlanta as reasons to think that, at the least, he could be as temporarily handy as Wil Cunnane was in '03. That's at the least; with or without Leo Mazzone, I like the possibility that the Braves might make him into something.
Besides, the former Red Sock first rounder ('99) had the good sense to be born on November 6, like me, so that's reason enough for a rooting interest (except in Chad Curtis, but the rest of us in the Walter Johnson Club try to forget about him).
As for Ryan, he's no prospect, but a lefty bat with a little bit of pop and reasonably solid skill at staying on top of fastballs might have its uses in a pinch-hitting role. Better than a Darren Bragg resurrection, certainly.
Purchased the contracts of CF-L Felix Pie, 1B-R Brian Dopirak, 3B-L Scott Moore, C-B Jose Reyes, LHP Sean Marshall and RHPs Carlos Marmol, Ricky Nolasco and Jae Kuk Ryu; designated OF-L Adam Greenberg for assignment; outrighted LHP Russ Rohlicek, 2B-L Mike Fontenot, and 2B-R Richard Lewis to Iowa. [11/18]
While I'm pleased to see last week's odd trio come back off of the 40-man, I don't think I'm contradicting myself when I also comment that all three might make nifty pickups in the Rule 5 draft. Not great players, not the next George Bell certainly, but if you need a lefty reliever or a second baseman better than what you have (paging the Mets, Rockies and Twins), Fontenot or Lewis would be worth taking a look at. While both Lewis and Fontenot serve as reminders that "second base prospect" is usually an oxymoron, and Lewis should remind everyone that people named Richard Lewis aren't funny, each has his virtues. Lewis is a year removed from being the MVP of the Southern League, so while much of this year seemed lost to recovering from a broken leg and flailing at the plate, he has some promise. Fontenot continued to get on base at a steady clip, posting a .377 OBP in his first year in the Cubs organization, but his defense has never gotten especially high marks, so it's going to take a team that knows what it wants and knows what Fontenot can deliver for him to get any real opportunity.
Activated RHP Paul Wilson and LHP Jung Bong from the 60-day DL; designated LHP Ben Kozlowski for assignment; purchased the contracts of RHP Travis Chick and 1B-L Joey Votto. [11/18]
Outrighted LHP Ben Kozlowski to Louisville. [11/21]
Purchased the contract of RHP Manuel Corpas; designated LHP Randy Williams for assignment. [11/18]
Purchased the contracts of LHP Adam Bostick, and RHPs Jose Garcia, Carlos Martinez, and Allen Baxter. [11/18]
Signed 2B/SS-R Alfredo Amezaga to a minor-league contract. [11/22]
Outrighted RHP Jared Gothreaux to Round Rock. [11/18]
Purchased the contracts of RHPs Matt Albers, James Barthmaier, Felipe Paulino Del Guidice, and Jason Hirsh and OF-L Josh Anderson. [11/22]
Claimed UT-B Zach Sorensen off of waivers from the Angels; re-signed RHP Rick Helling to a one-year, $850,000 contract; purchased the contracts of LHP Manny Parra, RHP Carlos Villanueva, 2B-L Hernan Iribarren and CF-L Anthony Gwynn. [11/18]
Re-signed 1B/3B-R Jeff Cirillo to a one-year, $850,000 contract. [11/21]
Signed UT-R Brian Dallimore, 2B-R Brent Abernathy, C-L Mark Johnson, C-R Mike Rivera, and RHPs Jerome Gamble and Jared Fernandez to minor league contracts with spring training NRIs; released RHP Gary Glover after he cleared waivers. [11/22]
Most of these are nice moves, equally defensible and sensible, so let's get the bad idea out of the way up front. There's no way, particularly at this time of year, that Sorensen is worth a spot on the 40-man, so hopefully, he'll get designated for assignment, pass through waivers, and create a spot for adding another potentially useful arm to the organization via Rule 5. If someone's still thinking of Sorensen as the guy who was briefly touted in A ball, they need to shelve that memory.
But on to the good stuff. Helling is an easy favorite for the fifth slot in the rotation. Jose Capellan may get left in the pen, and after a front four of Ben Sheets, Doug Davis, Chris Capuano and Tomo Ohka, the final slot is wide open. The notional contenders are Wes Obermueller and perhaps Ben Hendrickson, should he conquer his reputation for stage fright in the big leagues. Against that, Helling is a very nice hedge, someone who could be an asset as a temp in the rotation, or an effective set-up man in the pen, and finally trade bait at the end of July. As long as they don't skip over that last service he might provide, and as long as he earns that final consideration, it's a win-win situation for player and organization.
I'm also pleased to see Johnson and Rivera turn up here. This is the organization that made the mistake of giving Damian Miller a multi-year deal that cost them cash and a Jack Zduriencik draft pick. It doesn't help that they're also stuck with Chad Moeller as their backup backstop, when he's yet to hit outside of the BOB's confines. So from the perspective of Johnson or Rivera, it's a great place to be, and happily for the Brewers, they shouldn't be in a situation where they need a Pat Borders pickup again.
Finally, I also like the decision to re-ink Cirillo. It's only a year, and for however many times he's been burnt in effigy in Seattle or Denver, he mashed lefties and may yet make a nifty platoon partner for Russell Branyan at third base. If that scenario doesn't pan out, or if the Brewers just decide that Bill Hall has to be their everyday third baseman unless or until Corey Hart's latest spin at the hot corner works out, Cirillo might still have value as a spot starter at first for either Lyle Overbay or Prince Fielder, both of whom hit lefty.
Outrighted 1B/OF-L Todd Self to Norfolk; purchased the
contracts of RHPs Yusmeiro Petit, Brian
Bannister, Anderson Garcia, and
So, young guy for veteran, and the Mets look pretty bright, right? Well, not exactly. While I can understand the desire to move Cameron to a team that wants him for center field, and the risk that Cameron might be less than a reliable quanitity, I'm not sure that Nady really fills any particular bill. He's already 27, wasn't particularly handicapped by Petco in '05, and he covers the outfield sward with all of the supple grace of a three-legged wildebeest. He's certainly not enough of a hitter to really resolve the Mets' continuing lack of a first baseman.
If anything, this is a deal about making room for salary, because it looks like the Pads didn't get any of Cameron's cost absorbed by the big-market ballclub. However, if this, plus letting go of Mike Piazza, all gets thrown at the quest to bring Billy Wagner to town, I guess I don't see it adding up. Even if Ramon Castro and Mike Jacobs cover nicely for Piazza, and if Nady hits well enough, and if Willie Randolph finally just plugs Victor Diaz into the lineup, I don't see this as a lineup that's getting better as much as one that's struggling to remain adequate. The Mets were middle of the pack in 2005, and that wasn't good enough. I think they're still at least one quality bat short, no different than last year. We'll have to see if Omar Minaya feels the same way, or thinks whatever he does on the pitching side of the ledger more than makes up for it.
Purchased the contracts of OF-L Michael Bourn and RHP Scott Mathieson. [11/18]
Activated 2B-R Jose Castillo, LHP Sean Burnett, RHP John Van Benschoten, and OF-L Chris Duffy from the 60-day DL; purchased the contracts of SS-R Javier Guzman, UT-R Yurendell De Caster, RHP Josh Sharpless and 2B-R Craig Stansberry; signed RHPs Britt Reames and Terry Adams to minor league contracts; designated 2B/3B-B Bobby Hill, RHP Jeff Miller, OF-R Michael Restovich, and CF-L Tike Redman for assignment. [11/18]
Traded 2B/3B-B Bobby Hill to the Padres for a PTBNL. [11/21]
Signed RHP Scott Strickland to a minor league contract with a spring training NRI. [11/22]
Color me unenthused about the signing of Strickland. He's Chad Fox, only more so in the wrong ways, and less so in the right ones. His last full season in the majors was 2002, so as signing go, this may not even be a cut above trolling the Arizona Penal League. At least the Bucs only gave him a split contract, worth $850,000 if he makes the team. Nevertheless, I suppose it's a better gamble than signing either Adams (who retired after pitching badly everywhere, major or minor, that would have him) or Reames (the early leader in polling over which pitcher is least likely to need a nomme de guerre to describe his contributions).
Ditching Redman might seem harsh, but I have to think that he'll wind up somewhere. Guys with a modicum of power who can play center have value, and if Redman is something short of a major-league regular, he's not the worst choice for a fifth outfielder if you have three solid, healthy regulars. Or a bad case of the Corey Patterson blues.
Acquired CF-R Mike Cameron from the Mets for OF-R Xavier Nady. [11/18]
Acquired 2B/3B-B Bobby Hill from the Pirates for a PTBNL; signed 2B/OF-R Eric Young to a one-year, $700,000 contract. [11/21]
I'm impressed that the Pads have done something about their long desire for a center fielder, and in Cameron, they've certainly acquired a player who should give them their best since the departure of Steve Finley. I'm not especially worried about his ability to play center, even if he never did seem to adapt to playing right all that well during his time spent flanking Carlos Beltran. The more basic question is what sort of hitter the Padres will be getting, and there, they've clearly accepted a big hunk of risk. If you look at Cameron's '05 PECOTA card, you'll see that his best comps were Eric Davis, Reggie Sanders, Greg Vaughn and Ellis Burks. And while Harry Caray might remind us that Ellis Burks backwards spells "silly scrub," beyond the unhappy propensity for injury, all were very good to great hitters who retained value relatively late.
Can Cameron do likewise at 33, and be more durable? I'll defer to our own Will Carroll on the injuries and to the question of whether or not Cameron is going to have any problems from last season's collision or whether the vision problems that started cropping up in '02 are gone, but I'm an optimist, and think that if Cameron passed his physical, the Pads are in the clear. (For the curious, it was because the deal had not yet been consummated, pending the outcome of a physical, that I didn't comment on it last week; same approach covers why I'm not commenting on the Beckett-to-Boston move, without even bringing up last summer's Larry Bigbie imbroglio.)
Which takes us to where his career arc as a hitter was taking him. Consider this spread, covering the last six years:
Year Age EqA 2000 27 .288 2001 28 .301 2002 29 .286 2003 30 .278 2004 31 .271 2005 32 .285Now sure, the injury-shortened '05 blurs an otherwise pretty standard-looking decline, even with the wrist injury that hampered him in '04, and even with corrected vision, he never does seem to have gotten anything back. So if I had to hazard a guess, I'm thinking the Pads are probably only going to get something like the hitter who the Mariners let go after '03, and perhaps something less. Will the defense make up for it? I'm inclined to believe that it will, but in a lineup that's going to be handicapped with the arrival of Vinny Castilla, and still short a corner outfielder and a first baseman, there's a lot of work to be done, and Cameron isn't going to fix those shortcomings by himself.
As far as squeaking runs out of the margins and how that may become that much more necessary in 2006, the Padres have paid attention to how they stock their bench in the past, usually making a point to have handy pinch-hitting weapons from both sides of the plate, and sometimes going out of their way to find a particular platoon mate for a hitter like Ryan Klesko. But I'm not so sure about the wisdom of adding Hill and Young on top of a bench already manned by Geoff Blum. That's three infielder reserves who can't really play either middle-infield position, and while Hill has a good rep as a pinch-hitter and Young has done some damage against lefties and offers speed, I'm not sure this is really the bunch for the bench that I'd make a point of going out and getting at this early stage of the shopping season.
Purchased the contracts of SS-R Brendan Ryan and 3B-L Travis Hanson. [11/22]
Signed 2B/OF-L Marlon Anderson to a two-year contract. [11/18]
If Jim Bowden goes to Boston, shouldn't he be obligated to take some of his current bad ideas with him? Anderson? He's a step up from Carlos Baerga, I suppose, if that's a metric of taste or talent anyone should be using, but to blow a 40-man roster spot on him or someone like Tyrell Godwin, when you could make a Rule 5 pick or two, just strikes me as a complete disconnect from this team's needs. He's not the worst guy from the Lenny Harris class of professional pinch-hitters, but he's not a defensive asset, and is someone who slugged .391 really who you want to consider your thunder on the bench? Hitting .321 as a pinch-hitter this year certainly zotzed up his resume, but hitting three home runs in the season's final week off of equally dead Phillies and Rockies squads are what got him up to that whopping .391 SLG. And to give him a two-year deal? Sure, having people around to pinch-hit for Cristian Guzman is a three-year job for this organization, but Anderson's not the guy I'd pay nearly $2 million over two years to do it. Certainly, if you're going to poor-mouth, you really shouldn't be spending your money this way. If you're Nats fan, you should ask that Anderson be handcuffed to the man who signed him.
Christina Kahrl is an author of Baseball Prospectus.
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Thailand has voted in a referendum to accept a new military-backed constitution that paves the way for a general election in 2017 but requires future governments to rule on the military's terms.
The referendum is the first major popularity test for the junta led by Prayuth Chan-ocha, the prime minister who has suppressed political activity during the two years since he seized power in a coup in 2014.
The 70% turnout fell short of the 80% the election commission had forecast, but it still far surpassed the 57% who voted in the country's last referendum in 2007. Early results indicate 62% voted in favour of the constitution, with official results scheduled to be released on Wednesday.
By Sunday evening, the commission said the unofficial tally meant nearly 35 million of the 50 million eligible voters had cast their ballot at one of more than 95,000 polling stations.
Some Thais had voiced fears of vote-rigging or ballot-stuffing after a number of electoral monitors dropped out before the vote. The regional Asian Network for Free Elections (Anfrel) ended up fielding just 11 unofficial observers to six of the country's 76 provinces.
More details soon …


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Last week, Hewlett Packard issued a bulletin on a potential security issue impacting the older version of its StoreOnce de-duplication appliance.
The security issue, brought to light by a blogger, is an existing default password in the appliance that would allow anyone with an Internet connection to potentially access the appliance through a previously unknown administrative account. This is the latest example of one of the most pervasive security vulnerabilities facing businesses – hardcoded and default passwords that are supposed to 'secure' administrative and privileged accounts.
John Worrall, CMO, at Cyber-Ark, the leader in privileged account security and compliance, has made the following comments on the news:
"Vendors build backdoor privileged and administrative accounts into their appliances so they can easily administer updates and troubleshoot any issues that arise with the product itself. The problem is that they often 'secure' these accounts with hardcoded or default passwords that are easily discovered in manuals, on the vendor websites, or through a simple internet searches. Cyber-attackers know this – which is why they target these backdoors. The problem for businesses is that they often don't know these accounts even exist because they're not always disclosed by the vendors. As a result, businesses are sitting on a vulnerability known only to attackers. As these backdoors are improperly protected with default and hardcoded passwords, they provide soft targets for attackers to gain control of privileged and administrative accounts.
"Last week, it was the ICS-CERT warning about hardcoded passwords in medical devices. Prior to that, we've seen hardcoded and default password breaches lead to attacks as big as the Stuxnet attack. This is an all too common issue that has plagued the industry for years. These backdoors have been found to exist in all types of devices, including PCs, databases, networked devices like copiers, operating systems, operational technology (ICS, SCADA) and more. These backdoors need to be considered and managed as privileged accounts because of the wide ranging access they provide to an organisation's most sensitive data.
"Businesses should assume that hardcoded or default passwords exist in any device with a microprocessor – working with their vendors to identify and secure these access points before they're leveraged in an attack."


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SOUTH AFRICA: Weak rand hits Toyota profitability - report
According to the country's Business Day website, Toyota South Africa grew significantly to become a 10.7 billion rand company last year but was hit so badly by the weak currency in the first part of the year that it failed to make a profit. Business Day said interim results reported by Wesco, which last year reduced its stake in Toyota SA from 64% to 25% in a billion rand deal with the Japanese parent firm, show that turnover jumped 27.8% in 2002 from R8.4 billion to R10.7 billion.
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Celtic Earrings – Celtic Knot Earrings – Ornate Celtic Earrings
The Ornate Celtic Knot Earrings feature a striking Celtic knot design in a medium sized earring. The stylized drop design is flattering to every face.
- 1″ tall, not including the wires (24 mm)
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- 4.8 grams
Celtic Jewelry Symbol Meaning The Celtic knot, also called Celtic interlace, symbolizes the interconnectedness of all things.


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Essential Fatty Acid Supplements FAQ
Go To: Top 10 Essential Fatty Acid Supplements
What are Essential Fatty Acids and Where do They Come From?
Essential fatty acids are named as such because they are fatty acids that we as humans must consume from food sources in order to sustain life.
In other words, the human body is unable to synthesize these fatty acids from other nutrients so the only way for us to actually access them is through food or supplements.
The term essential fatty acid or EFA is used specifically to refer to fats that are used for specific biological processes in the body; fats that are used solely as fuel are not termed as such.
Production of Essential Fatty Acid Supplements
EFA supplements are produced through a variety of extraction methods from animal and plant sources.
Below we are going to look at the various types of EFA before moving on to the food sources from which they can be sourced.
What Types of Essential Fatty Acids are There?
Common examples of EFA include the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentanoic acid or EPA and docosahexanoic acid or DHA, both of which are most typically sourced from salmon, krill, mackerel, sardine, and other oily fish.
It is interesting to note that the omega-3 fatty acid linoleic acid or ALA found in flaxseed can be converted into more usable forms of omega-3 such as EPA and DHA, and it too is considered to be an essential fatty acid.
Other examples of EFA include gamma-Linolenic acid or GLA, such as is found in evening primrose oil, and arachidic acid or AA, which is found in peanuts.
Interestingly, arachidic acid has become increasingly popular as a sports and bodybuilding supplement as research has shown it to be beneficial in increasing lean muscle mass, strength, and explosive force[1].
[1] http://www.eventscribe.com/2014/posters/nsca/SplitViewer.asp?PID=NzkzNjA1MjQx
What are the Benefits of Essential Fatty Acids?
The health benefits of EFA are numerous and far reaching, including:
- Improved mood and energy levels
- Reduction of inflammation
- DNA function and cell signaling[1][2]
- Increased strength and lean mass by way of the COX-2 pathway
- Improved cardiovascular health
- Reduction in total blood cholesterol and triglycerides
How this translates into benefits for bodybuilding and athletics should be quite clear as any physical endeavor will require some degree of stamina, strength, endurance, and mental focus, not to mention the emotional motivation to actually get started in the first place.
Who Can Benefit from Using Essential Fatty Acids?
Every living human being needs essential fatty acids for survival, and there is little doubt that people from all walks of life could stand to benefit from using one or more EFA supplement.
Elderly individuals suffering from arthritic symptoms and rheumatism, overweight individuals with high cholesterol, or simply your local high school jock who recently put his knee out; all of these people and many more could potentially benefit from incorporating more EFA into their diet.
Do Any Foods Contain Fatty Acids? Which Ones are the best?
The best sources of omega-3 fatty acids are as follows:
- Oily fish
- Krill
- Flaxseed and flaxseed oil
- Walnuts
Please note that polyunsaturated fatty acids or PUFAs such as omega-3 are highly susceptible to oxidization and denaturing through exposure to heat, light, and oxygen. For this reason it is generally not recommended that you use oils containing high levels of omega-3 for cooking.
Many food manufacturers will place labels on their packaging boasting about the omega-3 content of their cooking oils but in actual fact this may counterproductive!
Sources of omega-6 fatty acids include:
- Extra virgin olive oil
- Peanut oil
- Almonds, Macadamia, and other nuts
- Hemp oil
Omega-9 fatty acids are not considered EFA because they can be synthesized in the body from carbohydrates.
Do EFA Products Have any Side Effects?
The main side effects, if they can be called that, associated with EFA are in situations where an individual is consuming an excessive level of a certain kind.
An example of this is the average American diet which contains a ratio of omega-6:omega-3 between 10:1 and 25:1.
Considering the optimal ratio is somewhere between 1:1 and 4:1[3] we can quickly see why heart disease, obesity, diabetes, joint inflammation, and other ailments are common throughout much of the population.
As with any dietary supplement, we recommend that women who are pregnant or breastfeeding consult their doctor or physician prior to use. This also applies to people under the age of 18 and individuals who suffer from pre-existing medical conditions or who are taking any kind of prescription medication.
[1] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15736910
[2] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16188208
[3] Simopoulos AP. Essential fatty acids in health and chronic disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70:560S-569S.
Note: We recommend speaking to a doctor before taking any supplements.
How and When Should I Use Essential Fatty Acid Supplements?
This is going to depend on your existing diet, your current health status, and the kind of EFA supplements you are using, so we recommend that you refer to the manufacturer's usage guidelines.
How much Should I Take?
Again, it is difficult to say, so please refer to the manufacturer's usage guidelines.
As a quick point of reference, omega-3 fatty acid fish oil supplements are probably the most common EFA supplement on the market, of which a daily dose of 2 – 6g is highly popular.
Do I Need an EFA Supplement if I Eat Plenty of Fats?
This is a difficult question to answer without looking at your existing diet, but it certainly can't hurt to add a few grams of fish oil to your daily supplement regimen.
Related: Top Fish Oil Pills
Where Can I Find More Information About Fish Oil and EFA Supplements?
Our supplement reviews are jam packed full of information about all kinds of different products so you can gain a clear understanding of exactly what is included before making your purchase.
This is also a great way of reading some of the benefits specific to each product so you can determine whether or not a specific type of EFA supplement is actually relevant to your needs or if it is worth fitting into your budget.
What is the Right Essential Fatty Acid Supplement for Me?
Considering EFAs are vital for long-term health and wellbeing we recommend doing your utmost to get the very most out of your diet by eating a variety of oily fish, nuts, and seeds.
If you would like to add some extra EFA to your diet then the most likely candidate will be an omega-3 supplement, typically either in the form of fish oil or krill oil.
Krill oil is a more expensive option but it does offer superior absorption rates and greater antioxidant properties[1], so it is well worth considering if you can factor it into your budget.
Aside from this, you might like to look at items such as almonds, walnuts, macadamia, flaxseed, and extra virgin olive oil as EFA supplements as this will be a delicious and incredibly nutritious way of adding lots of healthy fats to your diet.
Check out our Fatty Acid Reviews Section
[1] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11755040
Please note: This FAQ has not been written or reviewed by a doctor or medical professional and is therefore not to be used to prevent, diagnose, or treat any disease or illness. Nor should it be used as medical reference.


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Gomis 'fine' after collapsing on pitch during Swansea game
Bafetimbi Gomis collapsed just minutes into Swansea's Premier League match at Tottenham.
The France striker, a summer signing from Lyon, went to ground as the players made their way to restart after Nacer Chadli gave Spurs an early lead.
Gomis was attended to for four minutes and left the field a stretcher, by which point he was conscious and wearing an oxygen mask.
Gomis has a history of losing consciousness, fainting three times since joining Lyon in 2004, with the latest episode occurring while training with France in 2009.
At the time, Lyon president Jean-Michel Aulas admitted he was "worried" about the striker.
"We can't not be worried, it scares you each time," Aulas told ITele. "A vasovagal episode (fainting) is part of the things that can happen to people who have this type of constitution.
"It's now three times that it's happened. Yes, I'm worried."
White Hart Lane was the ground where the then Bolton midfielder Fabrice Muamba suffered a cardiac arrest in an FA Cup quarter-final match in 2012.
Good news emerged from Swansea at half-time that Gomis was fine and had not been hospitalised.
"He is fine," a Swansea spokesperson said. "He is in the medical room.
"It is something we have been aware of - it is something called a vasovagal condition.
"We have always been aware of it and it has happened before. He has had all the medical and cardiology tests with us."


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Friday, 11 January 2013
One of Sarah's Goals
In 2013 Sarah would like to remember to add periods to her writing. She will do this by writing at home and remembering to look and add periods. She will look for complete ideas too. Don't give up Sarah. We know you can do it.
Posted by Ms. L and Division 15 at 09:19
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