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|Craig L Russell <craig.russ...@oracle.com>
|Re: JDO TCK Conference Call Friday February 21, 8:30 am Pacific Time
|Fri, 21 Feb 2014 17:15:15 GMT
Attendees: Michael Bouschen, Craig Russell Agenda: 1. JDO release JDO 3.1-rc1: JDO web site updates https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/INFRA-7320 Looks like "all we need to do" is add 3.1-rc1 directory to the svn directory https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/release/db/jdo and copy the release artifacts from http://central.maven.org/maven2/javax/jdo/jdo-api/3.1-rc1/ and http://central.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/jdo/3.1-rc1. AI: Michael copy the files to the release/db/jdo directory. Question from Andy about JDO 3.1 release. We started the release process a year ago and it has suffered from lack of attention on Craig's part. Craig is looking into transferring Spec Lead from Oracle to Apache to avoid extra overhead. 2. News on JDO-625 "Support for streams" https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/JDO-625 ? no news 3. News on JDO-712 "Require using the PMF schema definition with sequence names" https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/JDO-712 ? no news 4. News on JDO-728 "extension element for @Index annotation is needed": https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/JDO-728 ? no news. Any volunteers to write test cases? 5. Other issues Action Items from weeks past: [Jan 10 2014] AI Michelle resolve JDO-723 [Dec 13 2013] AI Craig file a JIRA for java.sql.Blob and java.sql.Clob as persistent field types [Oct 25 2013] AI We still need to merge changes from the 3.1-rc1 branch to the trunk. [May 10 2013] AI Everyone take a look Apache ISIS and maybe subscribe to ISIS mail lists. [Aug 24 2012] AI Craig update the JIRAs JDO-689 JDO-690 and JDO-692 about JDOHelper methods. In process. [Aug 17 2012] AI Craig comment on JIRA JDO-589 Autocommit or nontransactional action -- Craig L Russell Architect, Oracle http://db.apache.org/jdo 408 276-5638 mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com P.S. A good JDO? O, Gasp!
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The hypothesis of this study was the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is required for accumulation of inflammatory cells in injured skeletal muscle and for efficient muscle regeneration. Expression of uPAR was elevated at 1 and 3 days after cardiotoxin-induced muscle injury in wild-type mice before returning to baseline levels. Neutrophil accumulation peaked 1 day postinjury in muscle from both wild-type (WT) and uPAR null mice, while macrophage accumulation peaked between 3 and 5 days postinjury, with no differences between strains. Histological analyses confirmed efficient muscle regeneration in both wild-type and uPAR null mice, with no difference between strains in the formation or growth of regenerating fibers, or recovery of normal morphology. Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrated that chemotaxis is not different between WT and uPAR null macrophages. Finally, fusion of cultured satellite cells into multinucleated myotubes was not different between cells isolated from WT and uPAR null mice. These results demonstrate that uPAR is not required for the accumulation of inflammatory cells or the regeneration of skeletal muscle following injury, suggesting uPA can act independently of uPAR to regulate events critical for muscle regeneration.
- muscle repair
- macrophage
- chemotaxis
skeletal muscle regeneration following injury is a multistep process that involves the activity of several cell types. Inflammatory and satellite cells, in particular, appear to be required for efficient regeneration (17, 24, 42). The accumulation of inflammatory cells, including neutrophils and macrophages, begins within hours of injury, and the classic function of these cells is the clearance of necrotic tissue (33, 45). However, recent evidence suggests an additional role for macrophages in the formation of new muscle tissue. Some potential functions of macrophages in muscle regeneration include production of chemoattractants for other inflammatory and satellite cells and production of growth factors, which may promote satellite cell activation, proliferation, migration, and fusion (8, 24, 27, 29).
The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) has proven to be a key regulator of skeletal muscle inflammation and regeneration. In uPA null (uPA−/−) mice, macrophage accumulation is nearly absent in injured muscle, and this is associated with severely impaired muscle regeneration, compared with wild-type (WT) mice (22, 25). In mice lacking the inhibitor of uPA, PAI-1, muscle injury resulted in increased uPA activity, increased macrophage accumulation, and accelerated muscle regeneration, compared with WT mice (22). The classic molecular function of uPA is the activation of plasminogen to plasmin to assist in the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins, as occurs during cell migration and matrix remodeling (11, 41). uPA may also regulate the activity of growth factors, either through direct cleavage of propeptides [e.g., hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)], or by releasing growth factors from the extracellular matrix (e.g., FGF, HGF) through plasmin and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation (26, 43).
Expression of the uPA receptor (uPAR) appears to correlate with the migratory potential of different cells, including macrophages and satellite cells. uPAR null (uPAR−/−) mice demonstrate impaired accumulation of inflammatory cells following peritonitis (28) or pulmonary infection in vivo (18, 35, 39). In addition, treatment of monocytes with an anti-uPAR antibody suppressed chemotaxis induced by fMLP in vitro (19), and peritoneal macrophages collected from uPAR−/− mice failed to promote plasminogen activation (7). In vitro experiments with muscle satellite cells or myoblasts demonstrated that antibodies against uPA or uPAR impaired cell proliferation, migration, and fusion (5, 12, 15, 31, 47). uPAR may contribute to these processes through different mechanisms. uPA binding to uPAR enhances uPA-mediated plasmin activation, and concentrates the proteolytic activity of uPA towards the leading edge of migrating cells (4, 14). uPA binding to uPAR can also initiate intracellular signaling through interactions between uPAR and integrins that may promote cell migration, adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation (4, 21, 34, 46). Although the available evidence indicates that uPAR plays an important role in regulating the activity of inflammatory and satellite cells, whether uPAR is required for the activity of these cells during muscle regeneration remains to be established.
The hypothesis of the current study was that uPAR is required for the accumulation of inflammatory cells in injured muscle and for efficient muscle regeneration. We expected that uPAR−/− mice would demonstrate reduced accumulation of inflammatory cells following cardiotoxin-induced muscle injury and impaired muscle regeneration.
uPAR null (uPAR−/−) mice were obtained from Jackson Laboratories on a C57BL/6 background (Bar Harbor, ME). WT (C57BL/6) mice were obtained from Jackson or Harlan (Indianapolis, IN). No differences in muscle inflammation or regeneration were observed between WT mice obtained from different suppliers. All mice were housed in groups of 3–5 at 22–24°C using a 12:12-h light-dark cycle. Food and water were provided ad libitum. All experiments were performed on mice 10–12 wk old. The Animal Care Committee at the University of Illinois at Chicago approved all experimental procedures.
Muscle injury and sample preparation.
Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were injured via cardiotoxin injection, as previously described (22). Briefly, mice were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of either ketamine (100 mg/kg) and xylazine (5 mg/kg) or tribromoethanol (avertin; 400 mg/kg), and a small incision (1 cm) was made exposing the muscles of the anterior leg. Cardiotoxin (10 μM; Calbiochem, San Diego, CA) was administered with two intramuscular injections per muscle to ensure distribution throughout each muscle. The skin incision was closed with 7-0 nylon suture, and the procedure was repeated on the contralateral limb. Mice were allowed to recover, and muscles were collected at different times following injury. Muscles collected from uninjured mice were used as controls. EDL muscles were mounted in tissue-freezing medium and frozen in isopentane chilled with dry ice for histological analysis, and TA muscles were stored in RNAlater (Qiagen; Valencia, CA) for RT-PCR analysis.
Administration of uPAR blocking antibody.
A monocolonal anti-mouse uPAR blocking antibody (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) selected for its ability to block uPA interaction with uPAR was administered via intraperitoneal injection (100 μg/injection) 2 h following cardiotoxin-induced muscle injury and 1–4 days postinjury in WT mice.
Muscle morphology.
Cryosections were cut from the midbelly of each EDL muscle (10 μm thickness) and either stained with hematoxylin and eosin for morphological analysis or processed for inflammatory cell analysis via immunohistochemistry. Morphological analysis was performed using five representative images using a ×40 lens objective for each muscle section (Labphot-2, Nikon; and SPOT software, Diagnostic Instruments, Sterling Heights, MI). For each field, fibers were classified as normal, damaged, or regenerating, as previously described (22). The number and area of each type of fiber were recorded. Damaged area was then estimated in each muscle section by subtracting the summed area of normal and regenerating fibers from the total area of each field.
Immunohistochemistry was used to identify inflammatory cell accumulation and uPAR protein expression following injury. Analysis of inflammatory cells was performed using immunohistochemical methods previously described (22). Neutrophils were labeled with a rat anti-mouse Ly6G antibody (1:100 dilution, 2 h incubation; Pharmingen, San Diego, CA), and macrophages were labeled with a rat anti-mouse F4/80 antibody (1:100 dilution, overnight incubation; Serotec, Oxford, UK), followed by a 1 h incubation with biotinylated mouse adsorbed anti-rat IgG (1:200 dilution; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). uPAR was labeled with an rat anti-mouse uPAR monoclonal antibody (1:100 dilution, 2 h incubation; R&D Systems, Benicia, CA), followed by 1-h incubation with biotinylated rabbit anti-goat IgG (1:200 dilution; Vector Laboratories). All sections were then developed using Vector Laboratories AEC kit. Controls included omission of primary antibodies, and incubation of sections with isotype specific control IgG in place of primary antibodies. The number of positive cells were counted in two entire sections for each muscle with the aid of an eyepiece grid and normalized to the volume of muscle sampled (area of section × section thickness), and averaged across sections.
Culture of bone marrow-derived macrophages.
Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) from WT and uPAR−/− mice were cultured as described previously (48). Femurs and tibias were collected and cleaned of all tissue, and bone marrow was flushed using Bone Marrow Medium (BMM) comprising DMEM supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FBS, 10% l-929 cell-conditioned medium (source of macrophage colony stimulating factor), 2 mM l-glutamine and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO). Cells were cultured in BMM in a humidified 10% CO2 atmosphere at 37°C for 4 days. After 4 days in culture, greater than 90% of the cells were F4/80 positive, as determined by flow cytometry, indicating that the cultures contained predominantly mature macrophages.
Chemotaxis assays.
Migration of BMDM from WT and uPAR−/− mice were analyzed using a 48-well modified Boyden chemotaxis chamber (Neuro Probe, Gaithersburg, MD) with polycarbonate membranes (5-μm pore size), separating upper from lower wells. fMLP (10−7 M) diluted in serum-free media (DMEM + 1% BSA + 1% penicillin/streptomycin) was placed in the lower wells to induce chemotaxis. BMDM were loaded in the upper wells (2.5 × 104 cells), and migration was allowed to proceed for 90 min at 37°C in 10% CO2. After nonmigrated cells were removed from the upper surface of the filter by scraping, those that migrated to the lower surface of the filters were fixed in methanol and Wright-Giesma stain (Sigma). Results were quantified as the number of stained cells in five randomly selected fields per well (×20 magnification). Data were expressed relative to spontaneous cell migration (number of cell migrated when lower wells contained media alone). Each condition was replicated in 8 wells/experiment in 3 independent experiments.
TA muscles were homogenized and total RNA was extracted using the RNeasy RNA Isolation Kit (Qiagen), following the manufacturer's instructions. cDNA was synthesized from 1 μg of RNA using the Thermoscript RT-PCR System (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Amplification reactions were performed with 1 μM primers, 1 μl cDNA, 3.5 mM MgCl2 and 0.2 mM dNTP for a 25-μl final volume in a GeneAmp 9700 thermal cycler (PE Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Primer sequences are as follows: uPAR: forward, 5′-GCA GTG TGA GAG TAA CCA GAG CT-3′, reverse, 5′-CCA CAG CCT CGG GTG TAG TCC T-3′; GAPDH: forward, 5′-ACC ACA GTC CAT GCC ATC AC-3′, reverse, 5′-TCC ACC ACC CTG TTG CTG GTA-3′. cDNA was analyzed by separation on a 1.5% agarose gel and visualized by ethidium bromide staining.
Satellite cell isolation, culture, and fusion index.
Primary cultures were derived from neonatal hind-limb muscles from WT and uPAR−/− mice essentially as described (3). Briefly, muscle was finely minced and digested in 1% Pronase (Calbiochem, San Diego, CA), and cells were released by trituration. Pooled cells were filtered (100 μm), centrifuged, and resuspended before plating on 35-mm cell culture dishes. Myoblasts were grown in selective proliferation medium (Ham's F10, 20% FBS, 5 ng/ml bFGF, 1% penicillin/streptomycin) (38) on entactin/collagen/laminin (ECL; Upstate Biotechnology, Charlottesville, VA) -coated dishes in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere at 37°C until ∼75% confluent. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that greater than 90% of myoblasts were positive for MyoD. Myoblasts were trypsinized and replated at a concentration of 2 × 105 cells per well in ECL coated 6-well dishes. After 2 h, the medium was switched to a low-serum, low-mitogen differentiation medium (DMEM, 2% horse serum, 1% penicillin/streptomycin) (Gibco, Carlsbad, CA). After 72 h in differentiation medium, cells were fixed and immunostained with an antibody against MyoD (1:20 dilution, 1 h incubation; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) to label muscle cell nuclei and phalloidin (1:50 dilution, 15 min incubation; Sigma, St. Louis, MO) to visualize myotubes. The percentage of nuclei in myotubes with ≥3 nuclei, were counted as previously described (20). Myotubes from three wells were counted (five fields at ×40 magnification/well), and cell isolations were performed three times for each mouse strain.
Values are reported as means ± SE. Data were compared across different mouse strains and time points using a two-way ANOVA. Holm-Sidak post hoc test was performed at a 0.05 confidence level to indicate statistical significance (Sigma-Stat, Richmond, CA).
uPAR expression.
To confirm that uPAR is expressed in skeletal muscle following injury, RNA was isolated from injured muscle and used for RT-PCR analysis. In WT mice, uPAR mRNA was not detectable in uninjured control muscle but was elevated at 1 and 3 days postinjury (Fig. 1A). As expected, injured muscle from uPAR−/− mice showed no expression of uPAR mRNA. Immunohistochemical methods were used to visualize uPAR protein localization within injured muscle from WT mice (Fig. 1B). uPAR protein was not detectable in WT uninjured control muscle. Muscle injury was associated with the upregulation of uPAR protein in WT muscle at 1 and 3 days postinjury and appeared to be localized between damaged fibers, at sites of inflammatory cell accumulation. As expected, uPAR−/− mice showed no uPAR protein expression within injured muscle (not shown).
Inflammatory cells.
One purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that uPAR is required for accumulation of inflammatory cells following muscle injury. Immunohistochemical methods were used to quantify inflammatory cell accumulation in injured muscle of WT and uPAR−/− mice. Uninjured muscles from both WT and uPAR−/− mice contained few neutrophils or macrophages (not shown). Neutrophil accumulation peaked 1 day postinjury in both WT and uPAR−/− muscle, while macrophage accumulation peaked between 3 and 5 days postinjury, before both cell types returned to uninjured levels by 10 days postinjury (Fig. 2). The number of neutrophils or macrophages did not differ significantly between strains at any time point, indicating that uPAR is not required for the accumulation of either neutrophils or macrophages in injured skeletal muscle.
Muscle regeneration.
Another purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that uPAR is required for efficient regeneration following muscle injury. Cryosections stained with hematoxylin and eosin were used to assess changes in muscle morphology following injury (Fig. 3A). Uninjured muscle demonstrated no differences in fiber area between WT (1,340 ± 80 μm2) and uPAR−/− (1,440 ± 110 μm2) mice, suggesting that there were no differences in muscle fiber development between strains. At 3 days postinjury, the injury protocol elicited damage to greater than 95% of the area of EDL muscle cross sections in both WT and uPAR−/− mice, and the amount of damage was not different between strains (Fig. 3B). At 5 days postinjury, both strains demonstrated formation of small central nucleated fibers, which indicate muscle fiber regeneration. The number of regenerating fibers was quantified and was not different between WT and uPAR−/− mice (WT; 792 ± 86/mm2, uPAR−/−; 747 ± 87/mm2). Damaged area of muscle sections declined in both WT and uPAR−/− mice from 5 to 40 days postinjury associated with increased regenerating fiber area. There was no difference between strains in either the reduction in damaged area over time or the increase in regenerating fiber area. This morphological analysis indicated that uPAR is not required for efficient regeneration of skeletal muscle.
An anti-mouse uPAR blocking antibody was administered to WT mice to verify that uPAR is not required for macrophage accumulation or efficient muscle regeneration. In mice treated with the uPAR antibody, the number of macrophages at 5 days postinjury (39,173 ± 3,442/mm3), number of regenerating fibers (793 ± 90/mm2), and regenerating fiber area (300 ± 100 μm2) was not different from untreated WT and uPAR−/− mice. These data further support the hypothesis that uPAR is not required for muscle regeneration.
Macrophage migration.
Since macrophage accumulation in injured muscle was impaired in uPA−/− mice (22, 25), but not in uPAR−/− mice (Fig. 2), a modified Boyden chemotaxis chamber was used to further examine the role of uPAR in macrophage chemotaxis in vitro (Fig. 4). We first compared spontaneous cell migration (cell movement from upper wells toward media alone in lower wells) and found no significant difference between WT (10.2 ± 1.1 cells/field) and uPAR−/− (10.4 ± 0.9 cells/field) macrophages (used as controls for subsequent experiments). We next placed fMLP in the lower wells of the chemotaxis chamber, since fMLP is known to be a potent chemoattractant for macrophages (40). fMLP increased migration of both WT and uPAR−/− macrophages into the lower wells of the chamber approximately threefold, with no difference between strains. To confirm that the fMLP-induced increase in cell migration was the result of chemotaxis rather than a general stimulatory effect on cell migration, fMLP was added to cell suspensions in the upper wells, as well as to the bottom wells. This treatment reduced the number of migrated cells of both strains to control levels. The lack of a difference in chemotaxis in vitro between WT and uPAR−/− macrophages is consistent with the in vivo data showing no difference in macrophage accumulation following muscle injury.
Satellite cell fusion.
Previous studies have demonstrated that antibodies against uPA or uPAR impaired satellite cell migration and fusion in vitro (5, 12, 15). In the present study, isolated satellite cells from WT and uPAR−/− neonatal mice were induced to fuse in differentiation medium for 72 h. The resulting myotubes were stained and the percentage of nuclei in myotubes with ≥3 nuclei were counted (Fig. 5). In contrast to previous studies using antibodies against uPAR, cells from uPAR−/− mice demonstrated no impairment in fusion into multinucleated myotubes compared with WT cells. The ability of uPAR−/− satellite cells to fuse as efficiently as WT cells is consistent with the in vivo morphological data, indicating that uPAR is not essential for muscle regeneration.
Previous studies have indicated that the receptor for uPA (uPAR) plays an important role in inflammatory cell migration (18, 28, 35, 39) and the proliferation, migration, and fusion of satellite cells (5, 12, 15), all of which are thought to be required for muscle repair (17, 24, 42). Muscle regeneration in uPA−/− mice is severely impaired, and the impaired healing is associated with a lack of macrophage accumulation following muscle injury (22, 25). In total, these data provided the rationale for the hypothesis of the present study, that uPAR is required for accumulation of inflammatory cells and efficient muscle regeneration. However, we provide evidence that uPAR is not required for the accumulation of inflammatory cells or for the efficient regeneration of skeletal muscle following cardiotoxin-induced injury. Despite elevated expression of uPAR in injured skeletal muscle from WT mice (Fig. 1), accumulation of neutrophils, and macrophages in injured muscle of uPAR−/− mice did not differ from that in WT mice (Fig. 2). In addition, muscle regeneration did not differ between uPAR−/− and WT mice (Fig. 3). These results indicate that uPAR is not required for the accumulation of inflammatory cells or for subsequent regeneration of skeletal muscle and suggest that uPA acts independently of its receptor to mediate events critical for muscle regeneration.
Previous studies using uPAR−/− mice have indicated that uPAR plays important roles in directed cell migration in several in vivo models of inflammation and infection, including peritonitis, meningitis, and pneumonia (18, 28, 35, 39). During thioglycollate-induced peritonitis, leukocyte accumulation was impaired at early time points, but not at later time points (13, 28). The localization of uPAR at the leading edge of migrating inflammatory cells is thought to localize proteolytic activity for directed migration through the extracellular matrix (14, 19). Additionally, several nonproteolytic functions for uPAR during cell migration have been described. uPAR may serve as a chemotactic molecule, as uPAR can be cleaved by plasmin or uPA to form a soluble component (suPAR) that can bind fMLP receptors to initiate directed migration (36). uPAR is linked to the plasma membrane by glycosylphosphatidylinisotol (GPI)-anchors, and therefore lacks a direct connection to the cell interior. However, uPAR interactions with transmembrane integrins, fMLP or epidermal growth factor receptors may initiate intracellular signals important for cell migration, possibly through PI3K/AKT, ERK1/2, Rho, Rac, or cdc42 (2, 4, 9, 34, 37).
On the basis of the evidence supporting an important role for uPAR in cell migration, we expected that uPAR would contribute to cell migration during muscle inflammation and repair. We found that uPAR is upregulated in muscle at 1 and 3 days postinjury and returned to control levels by 5 days postinjury. The time course of uPAR gene expression correlates with neutrophil accumulation in injured muscle, raising the possibility that elevated uPAR expression in WT muscle following injury may reflect expression by neutrophils. However, uPAR deficiency did not alter accumulation of neutrophils or macrophages in injured muscle, or efficient muscle regeneration. Because the results of our study demonstrate that uPAR is not required for skeletal muscle inflammation or repair, the importance of uPAR may depend on the tissue examined and the model of inflammation used. In addition, in the current model of muscle injury, there may have been compensatory mechanisms for the loss of uPAR, allowing cell migration and efficient muscle regeneration to occur. However, no such mechanism has yet been identified.
Previous in vitro studies have indicated that uPAR may be required for various physiological functions of satellite cells. Antibodies against uPA and uPAR impaired satellite cell migration and fusion into multinucleated myotubes (5, 12, 15). In addition, a noncatalytic fragment of uPA that retains the capability to bind uPAR also impaired satellite cell migration and fusion (5, 12, 47). The authors interpreted these data as supporting a role for uPAR bound uPA during cell migration. In the present study, we demonstrate that the fusion of cultured satellite cells into multinucleated myotubes was not different between cells isolated from WT and uPAR−/− mice (Fig. 5) and that formation of regenerating fibers is not different in injured muscle of WT and uPAR−/− mice, both of which indicate that uPAR is not required for fusion. Similarly contrasting results between studies using antibodies against PAI-1 in vitro and those using a gene knockout model of PAI-1 in vivo have been reported for satellite cell fusion. While others have found that antibodies against PAI-1 resulted in impaired satellite cell migration and fusion in vitro (12), we found accelerated formation of regenerating fibers in PAI-1−/− mice compared with WT mice in vivo (22). Potential explanations for the difference between previous and current results include unintended effects of molecular treatments designed to block uPAR, including possible steric inhibition of satellite cell migration and fusion by bound molecules, or triggering of uPAR-mediated events by the binding of these molecules. In addition, the difference between studies could be explained by the availability of compensatory mechanisms induced in uPAR−/− cells, allowing satellite cell fusion despite the absence of putative uPAR-mediated mechanisms that may be involved in fusion of WT cells.
Similar to skeletal muscle, healing of other tissues does not appear to require uPAR. Combined deficiency of the uPAR gene and the tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) gene did not result in impaired wound healing in skin, indicating that neither uPAR nor tPA is required for skin healing (6). In contrast, combined deficiency of uPA and tPA resulted in a profound impairment in skin healing, consistent with our previous findings that uPA is required for muscle healing (6, 22). In addition, healing of arterial vessel injuries in uPAR−/− mice was not impaired, nor was the migration of smooth muscle cells during this process, indicating that uPAR is not required for vessel healing (10). Despite evidence supporting a role for uPAR in the migration of various cells during tissue injury, uPAR does not appear to be required for the efficient repair of skin, blood vessels, or skeletal muscle.
Our previous and current studies indicate that uPA promotes macrophage migration in injured muscle and efficient muscle repair independently of uPAR, possibly as a soluble factor. Soluble uPA may fulfill all of the functions required of uPA during muscle repair. Soluble uPA can activate plasmin, which, in turn, can activate a subset of matrix metalloproteases, to cleave ECM molecules and "clear a path" for migrating cells (10, 23). Soluble uPA can also directly activate HGF through cleavage of the inactive single-chain to an active two-chain form in vitro (26, 32). HGF is thought to play an important role in stimulating satellite cell proliferation and migration and may promote macrophage migration as well (1, 16, 30). Finally, soluble uPA activation of plasmin can result in release of growth factors from their storage sites in the ECM (43). uPA may promote activity of both HGF and FGF in this manner, which in turn, may play key roles in the regulation of satellite cell activity and inflammatory cell recruitment (44, 49). We are currently investigating the precise mechanisms by which uPA promotes muscle regeneration and the cellular sources of uPA (e.g., satellite cells, neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts) during this process.
In summary, previous studies provided evidence that uPAR plays an important role in the migration of inflammatory cells, and the proliferation, migration and fusion of satellite cells, all of which are thought to be required for muscle repair. The major findings of the present study were that genetic deficiency of uPAR does not influence the accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages following muscle injury, or subsequent muscle regeneration. In addition, cultured satellite cells from uPAR−/− mice demonstrated efficient fusion. Previous studies on uPA and muscle regeneration demonstrated that uPA is required for macrophage accumulation in injured muscle and for formation of regenerating muscle fibers (22, 25). Thus, uPA appears to regulate macrophage accumulation in injured muscle and muscle regeneration independent of its receptor.
S. C. Bryer was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Graduate Student Research Program (Grant NNG04GN53H).
The authors would like to thank William Billich for technical assistance.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
- Copyright © 2007 the American Physiological Society

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Pet Puppy Ice Cream
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text:
问题描述 :
"What do you think is the most important events in the past year 2006?", a friend asked me.
"Well, maybe the World Cup.", I replied.
"Yeah, do you know, in a football match, how to arrange a proper match table for a group?"
"That's easy. In the World Cup, there are only 4 teams in a group. Everyone knows how to do it."
"Yes, it's easy for four-team's arrangement. But if there are six teams or more games, can you arrange that?"
"OK, let me have a try". I answered.
In fact, I tried many times to solve the problem, but got failure in the end. Can you help me?
Each case contains a single even integer, which is less than 2007, indicate the number of teams in a group.
and n-1 lines followed, indicate the match table.each line indicate one round in the contest.For example,
1-2 3-4 // the first round
1-3 2-4 // the second round
1-4 2-3 // the third round
2 1-2 4 1-2 3-4 1-3 2-4 1-4 2-3 4 1-3 2-4 1-2 3-4 1-4 2-3 4 1-2 3-2 1-3 2-4 1-4 2-3
Yes Yes Yes No


text:
Three swabbies were standing around in the head when I entered. Instinct told me to leave. After all, why would three guys be waiting in a dimly lit toilet if not looking for trouble? But I noticed immediately that all three of them were displaying unquestionable arousal in their tight-fitted blue dungarees. The smile a really cute one flashed me as he leaned up against a wall, looking seductive, his hand apparently idle near his full crotch, slowed me down. When he then groped himself, as I gawked, brazenly showing off the long tube stretched down his pants' leg, it anchored me in place.
The three floor length booth doors were closed so I couldn't tell if they were occupied. The swabby nearest me sensed my hesitation, leaned in towards me and whispered, 'They're busy. We're all waitin' our turn.' Then he grinned and cupped his balls with a big fist. His meaning was crystal clear. This was an 'active' head. They didn't need to semaphore for me to pick up on the signals.
The third guy, watching his two buddies groping themselves so openly, ran a palm down along his own long bulge and whispered, 'I'm next!' His eagerness was obvious. Then, as if to cover himself he added, 'But if you're here just to take a leak, go right ahead. Don't let us stop you.'
There was a urinal next to the sink. I didn't really have to urinate. I was ready to use it as an excuse for coming into this head at the Base Exchange on this huge naval shipyard, if challenged, but these three sexy swabbies were not here to question motives. My antennae are always up for any action, particularly whenever entering a military latrine, but I was honestly surprised by their friendly, openly sexual, reception. So I whispered back, 'Naw, I'll wait, too, if you don't mind.'
He raised and lowered his eyebrows in a sexy manner as if to say that I'd find the wait worth while.
Suddenly, we heard a husky, masculine voice from behind one of the booth doors pant, 'Yeah! Here! Take my load, cocksucker!' That was followed by a series of low grunts heard over noisy slurping sounds from the middle booth.
'Now you know what we're waitin' for!' the cute guy leaning against the wall said out loud, grinning at me, his fist still in his crotch.
'Wow!' I sighed softly, smiling back at him warmly. This was the first time I had ever encountered a group of guys actually waiting patiently, even politely, for blowjobs.
'This head is always busy,' the sailor nearest me said in a normal tone of voice. His emphasis of the word 'always' clearly implied that he himself was a frequent visitor. He glowed with the swagger of sexual availability so many swabbies seem to radiate.
'Gee, I wish I'd known it sooner,' I volunteered, 'I was on base a few times last week.' I slid a fist into my crotch to mirror their openness, feeling my cock quickly distend, letting them know I was an eager participant, too.
'Whadda ya do?' one of them asked out of curiosity. I assumed he meant what was I doing on base rather than what I was interested in sexually. Although I was dressed in 'civvies,' we were all about the same age so a casual rapport with them was easily developing.
'I'm working for an engineering firm during summer break from college. I bring blueprints and proposals out here onto the base for projects we're either working on or bidding for.' I saw no reason not to be candid with them. We had formed a circle, coming together so we could talk quietly.
The booth door nearest the sink opened. Out stepped a very handsome Petty Officer in summer tans. He nodded to our group, cordially, and with his fly still open, went to the sink. Although his back was to us, I could tell that he was washing off his just used equipment before straightening up his uniform.
'Here I go!' the guy who claimed to be next announced, but just as he was starting to enter the booth, the middle booth door opened and a good looking clerk I recognized from the purchasing department came out, looking sheepish. His mouth was wet and looked well used. He blushed when he recognized me, but his eyes held that sparkle of hedonistic euphoria I knew was caused by sexual excess. To me, it was clear he had been sucking one cock after another.
'My lunch break is over. I must get back to the office,' he announced as he went up to stand next to the Petty Officer at the small sink. He bent down to wash his face. It was a very friendly, intimate gesture of trust between the two of them. Well, it was obvious they had just finished enjoying a mutually satisfying sexual contact.
The guy entering the first booth looked crestfallen, and a voice from the third booth cried out in apparent anguish, 'But what about me?'
'Sorry, boys,' the clerk said wiping his face with a paper towel, 'I only get forty-five minutes for lunch. See you tomorrow!' And he left the room. Suddenly, I really envied him his job. It appeared that he had this phenomenal sexual opportunity here, every day. I resolved to ask him about it when I got the chance.
'What happens now?' I asked aloud.
'We wait for someone else to come in and take over the center booth,' one of them told me, sounding dejected. It was perfectly clear that only men willing to suck cock occupied the middle booth.
'And if no one does?' I asked.
'After awhile, we leave,' someone said.
'Yeah, or sometimes we go into an end booth and jack off before we leave. It's a bummer,' the cute one added. I grinned at him and he grinned back. It was like admitting to each other that we both liked jacking off. He was extremely appealing. Just the mental image of him jacking off in one of the end booths exhilarated me.
'What happens if I go into the middle booth?' I asked, trying to sound naïve.
The Petty Officer patted me on the back encouragingly, saying as he headed for the exit, 'You'll have one hell of a good time, if you do, son, but you'd better be prepared for the responsibility that goes with it.' He grinned at me and left.
'Responsibility?' I asked to the closing door, my head reeling with desire.
'He means you'll be kept real busy!' the cute guy corroborated.
'Com'on, man,' the enticing guy standing at the entrance to the first booth sighed, sliding his palm down that long bulge again, invitingly, 'You'll know what to do. Give it a try. You'll love all the great cock that comes in here.' He stressed the word 'comes' in a lascivious manner. He wasn't buying my attempt to act innocent. No one was. He had watched me intently eyeballing these full crotches, including his own. He had seen the look of longing that had crossed my face as I heard the Petty Officer come - I had all but licked my lips. He knew the score. They all did. But they didn't want to act too frisky and frighten me off.
'Ooh,' the swabby nearest me sighed softly, sensuously, right into my ear, 'lots of dick comes in here, man,' emphasizing 'comes' just as lewdly as his buddy had. His cupped balls looked huge. The bulge up his fly looked like it would pop open the buttons. 'Swabby dick, man! The best in the world!' he added softly, enticingly, invitingly. 'Go on! Give it a try!'
'Yeah, man, give it a try,' the cute guy against the wall said as he reached out and gave me a gentle, friendly shove towards the middle booth. 'You'll like it! You can gulp down some fine naval juice! It's fresh, it's hot,' he said with a grin, groping himself again as I stared at his blatant display, 'and it's good!' he added enthusiastically.
I wasn't being forced or bullied, cajoled or threatened; only enticed. I was lightheaded with overwhelming carnal cravings, allowing myself to be sweet-talked by these hot, horny sailors into exactly the place I wanted to be. And, once inside I was delighted to find both side walls were covered with homoerotic drawings and lewd writings. There was a well-placed large glory hole in each side wall. Each glory hole had a big arrow pointing down to it, and above each was the inviting notice SHOW HARD FOR BLOWJOB. Exactly what I had come to expect in an active military head.
I dropped my pants, and, already better than half-hard, sat down on the commode. I reached between my legs, hauled my cock up into view, pumping on it to firm it up, and that was all it took for the action to start. That's all it ever takes.
As soon as he saw my hardon, the fellow in the third booth stood and shoved a big, stiff erection through the glory hole. It stood there quivering with lust for a moment while the simple beauty of it temporarily left me rooted in place, staring at its glory.
'Com'on, man. Suck it!' his throaty voice pleaded. I heard a few quiet snickers from his buddies.
I glanced quickly at the glory hole to the first booth. We were being watched. The 'next' guy was intent on seeing if I'd actually do what they all wanted me to do. 'Go for it!' he encouraged softly. 'Suck it!'
I grinned at him, turned my head and engulfed the bloated knob of the big cock. It tasted great! I sucked. It felt great! He humped, hard, forcing cock into me. I loved it! I sucked and drew him in, sucked, down into my throat, sucked, down further, sucked, down further still, sucked, down right to the bone as my forehead thudded against wood, sucked, hearing him crash against the wooden partition as he tried to force every nautical inch of that big swabby dick into me. I loved it! He began withdrawing and humping those nautical inches into me energetically. I sucked, hard. It was effortless. I love sucking cock! And swabby cock IS the best!
'Ugh! Ugh!' he grunted with pleasure. I was beating my meat in a rhythm matched to his energetic, noisy thrusts.
'How's he doin'?' he was asked quietly. I recognized the voice as that of the cute guy. My gut churned with the pleasure of knowing these swabbies were getting off on frank discussion of one another's sexual feats.
'Man! This is fantastic! I'm in, man, in all the way! He's got my eight-incher down his throat and he's suckin' like a submariner in his fifth month of a six-month sea duty! He's the best goddam cocksucker I've ever had suck my dick! He's terrific! Ugh! A couple more slurps on this fire-hose and he's gonna hit a gusher. He'll get a bellyful of swabby sweetener. Ugh! Ugh!' Each Ugh was accompanied by a noisy crash against the partition as he vigorously fucked cock into me. I realized that they were all using the word cocksucker with great affection. The guys who were listening could have no doubt about what was taking place. Their buddy was getting a blowjob, and I was the cocksucker bringing him off. I could not have been more delighted with this guy's verbal skill. He was the best advertising any cocksucker could want.
'Ugh! Take it! Ugh! Take my load, cocksucker! Ugh!' he huffed and began hosing rapid shots of cum into me, noisily humping against the partition. The entire situation, including the lusty ambiance of the place; the horniness of the hot men; the promise of easily available cock; the men listening to and watching what was happening; the eagerness of the man humping cock into me which now was spurting viscous steams of sperm down my throat; the thrill of beating my meat while sucking cock and swallowing cum; all brought me to that incredible level of supercharged excitement that caused my own orgasm to overtake me. Waves of euphoria surging throughout my whole body. I pumped my big cock and sprayed cum all over the wall beneath the glory hole, even hitting the cock and balls of my partner with my jism, while sucking his cock like crazy and draining him dry.
When he finally started to pull back, I moved my head aside so the guy in the first booth could see the big, wet cock being withdrawn and fully realize that it had been sucked to orgasm. After getting a good but quick look, he stood up and poked his own cock through his glory hole. It was another perfect penis! Just as I started to lean towards it, the door to my booth opened slightly and the sexy smile of the cute guy appeared.
'Now I'm next,' he sighed excitedly. Then he said, huskily, as he lifted his chin and indicated the pulsating cock standing in front of my face, 'Let's see ya go down on that big thing!'
I obliged, slowly, tantalizingly, forcing my head down the long thick shaft. In fact, I was taking great pleasure in showing off my well-practiced, deep-throating skill.
'Oh! Geez! Look at that!' someone else sighed, and I knew several of them were looking in on the action. I knew watching would be getting them as hot as hell, making my task all that much easier when it came to their own turn to feed it to me. And all too quickly they heard and saw me slurping and swallowing as their buddy got his rocks off in my throat.
They couldn't watch the third guy, the cute one, give it to me because the door was in the way, but they kept watching whenever the first booth was being used. The cute swabby, whose great cock was really suckable, seemed to take enormous delight feeding it to me, calling out to some more swabbies that had entered the head how much he was enjoying 'getting my rocks off.' His naked enthusiasm caused my second orgasm of the afternoon.
Some of the swabbies commented that other cocksuckers never allowed them to look in on what was happening, although they really wanted to see what was going on and really liked being able to watch, admitting that it seriously turned them on. When my mouth wasn't full, I admitted to them I enjoyed being watched by such sexy sailors. What astounded me was that they just kept coming! One after another and quickly. A few came silently, but most loved shouting out when orgasm hit them. 'Take my load, cocksucker!' was the most popular refrain. It was music to my ears.
I checked out the room several times, between sucking cock, and always found at least three and sometimes as many as six sailors awaiting their turn. It was awesome! And their easy camaraderie and open groping lead me to believe that, on this huge naval base of four or five thousand men, a core of them, averaging probably nineteen or twenty years old, enjoyed getting blowed and didn't give a shit who knew it. I reckon they were even alerting their buddies after leaving the head, because there was always such a constant flow of semen from seamen in that place.
That first day, it lasted for over two hours. I had walked into that head at about 12:40 PM, and left at one minute before three. At about five minutes of three, just before he shoved his great, suckable cock back through the glory hole to me, the cute one leaned down, caught my eye through the glory hole, and said, 'This'll be the last cock, man. They close this head promptly at three every day. Sorry. But you are the very best! This'll be my third load for you. We're all hoping you'll be back soon. Every day!'
'I'll be here,' I promised as I went down on that terrific cock, coming with him, again, as he came. And I kept my word, showing up after lunch six days a week. I came to know most of them after a time, realizing that most of them were 'regulars,' many of them were 'repeaters' coming more than once in a session, and recognizing their cocks if not their faces. And since the engineering manager never mentioned the time it took me to deliver to the naval base, I figured my predecessors had also discovered this bastion of fast-shooting cock, and they had dallied here, too. Perhaps most of them only got blowjobs, but they apparently did not rush back to the office, either.
I figure I sucked enough nautical inches that summer, and during the following two summers, to total up more than a nautical mile. It's a long distance record I'll bet few others have ever had the opportunity to challenge. But think about it. A nautical mile! Now, that's a lot of cock!
6,076 ft per nautical mile
Average cock length is 6 inches
12,152 cocks per nautical mile
2 hours/day x 6 days/week x 13 weeks x 3 years is 468 hours
2 minutes/cock average is 30/hour is 4,680 cocks/year or 14,040 cocks
14,040 cocks divided by 12,152 is 1.16 nautical miles
Can it be done?
You bet your sweet ass!
I did it!
Now, some might say two minutes per cock is too quick. But think about it. If you're, say, the third guy waiting outside the booths, you'll hear four men reach orgasm before it's your turn, one in each end booth and then one from each of the two swabbies waiting ahead of you. While you wait you'll be joined by two more hot swabbies eager for their turn and rubbing their dicks through their dungarees right along with you. And with me, you'd be able to watch probably two of the cocks being sucked if you wanted to. That's at least eight to ten minutes of erotic anticipation, during which time your cock stays hard as a rock, further stimulated by tight clothing and manual foreplay. During the final two minutes or so of waiting, stripped down, nearly naked, alone in your booth, looking through the glory hole at my head bobbing on a cock coming at me through the opposite wall, you're stroking a dribbling hardon, thinking about cumming, ready to explode. By the time you slip that erection through the glory hole and feel my hot lips, swirling tongue, and sucking mouth slide over your cockhead and down your shaft, you're really ready for a good time and orgasm follows very quickly. Add to this equation the fact that, even though the probability was low, this is a military latrine with its ever-present danger of being caught. Such danger increases the level of sexual preparedness and most of these guys came fast, cleaned up, and got the hell out of there! Two minutes is, therefore, a conservative estimate, an average. Go ahead, suck the cock of a hot twenty-year-old who's already ready to come! It won't take you two minutes to bring him off, I'll tell you that. I know!
When I was able to ask that purchasing department clerk, whose name was Steve, how often he was able to spend time in that head, he grinned and said every day, Monday through Saturday. He said he would be willing to forego raises and promotions simply to be able to spend the rest of his days sucking the great cocks that came through those glory holes. For all I know, he's still doing it.
Steve took a shine to me. He realized that only experienced, talented, and available cocksuckers would keep the swabbies coming back for more, and noticed that my summertime visits increased the numbers of swabbies coming into the head well over the increase summer, or nice weather, had normally brought. Since his own good times were limited to his lunch breaks, my handling of the post-lunch overflow helped keep everyone contented. Also, a few times, I would arrive early and take a place in line. I'd go into a side booth and shoot a healthy supply of my collegiate cum into him. He loved it! And he was a very talented cocksucker. He tested my cocksucking skill level just once, out of curiosity, saying he found that although I was very good, he had to admit that his preferred method of reaching orgasm was jacking off while sucking swabby dick. I let him know that I myself used his preferred method way too often to knock it.
His means of showing appreciation was to see to it that our company got every possible opportunity to bid on applicable projects during the next three years, until I graduated, even though I was only around during the summertime. And he candidly let my company know that I was the reason he was being so obliging. He told them he was impressed with my 'professionalism.' Steve and I got a laugh out of that, but, in fact, the company realized it was making more money out of military contracts than ever before and that somehow I was helping to make that possible so it really helped my career. I guess the moral is, be friendly to the competition. You never know when it'll turn out to be good for everyone.
And the cute one?! He ended up sharing what he called my 'off-base quarters' with me that first summer. At that age, for him a blowjob or two, or for myself a hand-job or two, during the day did nothing to satisfy the nights. We found the remedy for that, together.


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Singleton Vacation Packages
Many of Hunter Valley's highlights are located close to Singleton, so it is a smart choice as a place to base yourself during your visit. Among the most interesting places to see are the marvelous Mistletoe Wines and the remarkable Margan Family Wines. Two other great attractions you'll find nearby Singleton are the De Luliis Wines and the Scarborough Wine Co.
There are a number of beautiful natural destinations here so don't miss the nearby green spaces. Make the most of the native flora and fauna, by visiting the Hunter Valley Gardens in Pokolbin.
Hit a few balls at the Cypress Lakes Golf and Country Club in Pokolbin.
For those travelling without kids there are some great places to spend time, such as the Audrey Wilkinson Winery in Pokolbin, PepperTree Wines and Brokenwood Wines.
To make sure you get the most out of this fascinating part of the world, consider making a reservation close by in one of the area's many accommodation options. Whether you're staying for a night or a few weeks check out the Crowne Plaza Hunter Valley, Lovedale, the Harrigan's Irish Pub & Accommodation, Pokolbin, and the Mercure Hunter Valley Resort, Pokolbin.


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Bulk chemistry of sediment core BOFS31/3M-1
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- DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.199918
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Biomarkers in Surface Sediments Introduction This document describes the methodology used to obtain the biomarker profiles presented in the files LSBULK (bulk chemistry), LSANE (alkanes), LSAA (alkanoic acids), LSANOL (alkanols) LIPSED1 and LIPSED2 (lipids in two groups). These files parallel each other containing the same records in the same order, but different channels: they have been subdivided solely to keep the record length reasonable. The methodology is described more fully in Madureira et al (1991). Sampling The cores were taken using a Duncan and Associates multicorer (Barnett (1984)). Essentially, this consists of up to twelve 5.5cm core tubes, 20cm apart mounted on a central block (area 1 m2) connected to a large frame, manufactured from heavy steel tube, through hydraulic dampers. When deployed, the frame settles on the sea bed and the core tubes are gently pressed into the sediment under pressure from a lead weight. On lifting, the core tubes are sealed at each end by spring-loaded plugs. The primary feature of this device is that the sediment-water interface within the core tubes is virtually undisturbed. The cores produced are short, generally less than 20cm and are overlain by approximately the same amount of bottom water. The cores were fine sectioned on board using a Precision Core Extruder (Conte et al (submitted)) capable of producing core segments 1mm in length. Sufficient material for analysis was obtained by pooling segments from two of the core tubes. The samples were immediately immersed in solvent (1:1 CH2Cl2:CH3OH) to prevent oxidation of unsaturated compounds and stored at -20°C until analysed. Analytical Techniques Immediately prior to lipid extraction, the storage solvent was evaporated and the sediment freeze dried and homogenised. An aliquot was taken for bulk chemistry determinations. Carbonate, organic carbon and nitrogen were measured in duplicate using a Perkin Elmer 240B CHN analyser. Organic carbon was determined as the difference between


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Over the last two or three years, the popularity of mainstream consumer drones has skyrocketed and they are literally changing the way we view the world. Sam Agars reports
Many commercial uses have been touted for drones as they become more advanced, with mail delivery and the like heading the list. But drones are also working their way into our everyday lives, with a growing number of enthusiasts now using them just for fun. While some have taken up droning simply as a weekend pastime, the more creative among us are using them to capture footage and take photos that are unlike anything seen before.
A video of DB made by HongKonger Jack Shirley, and shared on the Around DB Facebook page in September last year, captured the imagination of the community and offered a glimpse into just what these machines are capable of.
Expanding perspectives
According to Jack, drones have added another dimension to film-making, and opened up endless possibilities for amateurs and professionals alike.
For now, the most popular use for the off-the-shelf drone is to film from viewpoints once very difficult, if not impossible, to access.
"You can get almost anywhere now, and quicker," Jack says. "Instead of climbing up the highest building you can stand at the bottom and fly up, but, if you did want to climb up, you could then get external footage of yourself. You can now film far out at sea without a boat. You can get smooth, beautiful shots, flying/ moving in a multitude of directions, without the use of extra equipment. And all this can be achieved by just one person, without a crew."
And there is plenty more ground to be made, with affordable – what Jack calls 'entry level' – drones evolving all the time. He recommends the DJI Phantom 3 standard drone – the one he used to make the DB film – which can film at 2.7k resolution (better quality than HD), has a 1-kilometre range and costs just HK$3,800.
"Drones will continue to get smaller (able to film through slim gaps where you couldn't get a cameraman), and have better cameras (including 360-degree cameras)," Jack adds. "Drones will also become very smart. Until recently, they only had obstacle avoidance sensors at the front, so the obvious next step, to avoid all obstacles, was to have the sensors all around the drone, as they are with the new Phantom 4 Pro."
The perfect angle
While Jack enthuses that anyone interested should give droning a go, he stresses that it is not as simple as just launching your drone and pressing record. There are plenty of challenges when capturing the footage – such as battery life and the risks involved when exposing expensive equipment to the elements.
"I find the filming part can be stressful, I guess I worry too much," Jack says. "Have I got every shot I need, was the lighting okay? I much prefer the editing part. Chill out, choose the shots I like, choose a song, edit to the beat."
It's clear that Jack's training in video editing and post-production pays off. "Many drone users just upload their videos unedited and this is usually very boring to watch, as it takes time to take off and fly to your desired position," he says.
Jack's video is a perfect example of just what drones can offer, with the viewpoints utilised revealing a DB that most of us have never seen."Many DB residents have been surprised to discover the pattern on the floor of DB Plaza; they had never noticed it until this video showed it from a bird's-eye view," Jack says. "Drones have the ability to show things from a completely new angle, allowing you to discover things you may have never noticed otherwise, even if you walk past them everyday.
"The thing I like most [about the video] is the transitioning from one Jack's drone video brings the pattern on the floor of DB Plaza into focus shot to another, this was the first time I used these zoom-and slidestyle transitions in a drone film," Jack adds."They are very smooth and effective and I think they make this film stand out from most other drone videos."
There are, of course, certain issues involved with flying drones, due in the main to the current grey area of personal privacy, but Hong Kong's user guidelines are, for now, more relaxed than in many places.While you can no longer fly drones in and around either plaza, you can fly them everywhere else in DB. "The problem I see arising soon is that almost everyone will have one and inevitably some irresponsible flying will lead to stricter laws being required," Jack says.
But the positive with drones becoming more readily available, more affordable and close to idiotproof is that anyone can enjoy flying them – and produce some interesting footage. "Film-making can be a difficult profession but with a drone, anyone can capture outstanding shots," Jack says.
Find it
View Jack Shirley's Discovery Bay drone video at www.youtube.com/watch?v=abFcy_yy-pg.


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Its not even fun anymore..
Who cares if somebody doesn't like you because your black.. Country is too diverse to even think about ish like that anymore. Most black people I know dont even trace thier ancesrty to the U. S., theyre from Africa or the Carribbean and wanna just live life.
Most Helpful Guy
Interesting how many totally missed your point altogether. Or totally ignored it. you're correct in my opinion. It's not about liking or being liked. It's about getting along in order to get things done in order to make real progress which benefits all especially future generations. Those that don't want to move forward or don't have the ability or don't want to learn how - leave them behind. Those that just wing and need to hate for hates sake. Those addicted to hate, who can't get on without it.
You don't need to "like" some one to be able to get along with them enough to get something important accomplished. You don't have to be liked to be able to get a job done or live in
A better neighborhood of community.
And disliking a whole group, culture, ethnicity or race of people because of onr's limited negative experience with a few is just an irrational excuse to hate on a large scale.
I say let those that need to hate, addicted to it be miserable and don't concern yourself with them. Leave then to their misery and continue moving forward in relative peace and harmony doing your part to get along. Be the example and the fruits of that will be your happier disposition and peaceful life. Compare those who put effort into just getting along and those that cling to hate. Who looks, acts, is actually happier?10|11|0


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Bouncing dancing Tigger toy
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- Item Category: Toys, Dolls, Games & Puzzles
- Source: eBay
- Sold Date: Nov 07, 2014
- Channel: Auction House
Preowned in great used condition! Fully functioning plush Tigger who bounces on his spring tail, turns his head, and sings. Very cute! 14" tall


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Vogue Couturier Design 1438; ca. 1965; Galitzine - One-Piece Evening Dress and Coat. Narrow, sleeveless dress with slightly bloused bodice. Loose panel at back. Waistline lifted at center front. The bias-fold-collar loops over in tie-ends at center back. Boxy, double-breasted coat has saddle shoulder yoke extending into dropped armholes. Wide-away notched collar and narrow cuffed, bracelet length sleeves. Flap pockets.
Featured in Vogue Pattern Book February/March 1965 and still in Vogue Pattern Book June/July 1967
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So Vintage Patterns.Com Factory Folded
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Prabal Gurung unveils Pokemon capsule collection
Prabal Gurung has created a Pokemon-inspired capsule collection.
The Nepalese-American designer has been tapped by the Pokemon Company International to create a nine-piece range of garments featuring the pop culture characters.
Sold exclusively at Jeffrey New York City from Tuesday (15Nov16), the collection includes a printed T-shirt, pink trousers, two white textured pencil skirts, two crepe tunic dresses, two pom-pom laden cropped sweaters and one drape back bomber jacket.
"The Prabal Gurung customer is always a strong, passionate, global and modern woman," said Gurung in a statement. "With this collection, we engage a younger clientele who still embraces our elevated sense of style. Working with the Pokemon brand provided a fun and whimsical opportunity to be able to have a conversation with this youthful customer."
The pieces reference Pikachu, Jigglypuff, Squirtle and Charmander, some of the popular characters from the card collector game and the accompanying Pokemon Go mobile app which caused a sensation this year (16).
However, the connection between game and garment is probably only obvious to the very discerning eye or Pokemon aficionado as the signature elements, such as Pikachu's pointed ears or Squirtle's silhouette are subtly referenced through a sparkly trim on a skirt or a stitched print on a sweater.
Karen Eggleston from The Pokemon Company International says that the brand is very excited to launch Gurung's collection.
"Prabal Gurung expertly captured the joy of the Pokemon brand and its iconography in his designs for this fun and sophisticated collection," she said. "We're thrilled to team up with him for this collaboration during our 20-year celebration as Pokemon builds its fashion program and the ways in which its millions of fans can express their love for the brand."
The Jigglypuff T-shirt is priced at $325 (£260), while the rest of the items hover between $895 (£716) for a pair of silk trousers ranging all the way up to $1,795 (£1,438) for a Charizard-inspired tunic dress.
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Question: Describe the tax treatment of partnership income
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Answer to relevant QuestionsDescribe the difference between the economic entity concept and the parent company concept approaches to the reporting of subsidiary assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements on the date of the ...Define a tender offer and describe its use.Explain the distinction between the terms "withdrawals" and "salaries."What are the major classifications of increases and decreases in expendable fund resources?A $36,000 cash gift was received by a college during the year. Required: A. In which fund should the gift be recorded if there were no restrictions on the use of the cash? B. In which fund should the gift be recorded ...
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2k Games have officially announced that the sequel to 2009's surprise hit "Borderlands" is in the works. The Gearbox Software developed title is expected to be released as early as next spring.
Borderlands 2 will take place in new areas of Pandora, and feature brand-new skills, characters, enemies, weapons, equipment, and improved AI.
Gear Box will give gamers their first look at the game in Germany at Gamescom, and again at PaxPrime later this month.


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The Arizona Cardinals will become the first NFL team hold a full team practice at training camp this year on Saturday in Glendale, Arizona. Over the next eight days, all the other NFL teams will join them as they begin the countdown to the 2017 regular season. Full story »
The Buffalo Bills and the Los Angeles Chargers opened their offseason programs on Monday, and the remainder of the NFL's teams will follow suit over the next two weeks. More than 120 players from Alabama high schools and colleges are on NFL rosters entering the offseason work. For some of those players, the offseason will be something of a question mark. Full story »
Tampa Bay quarterback Jameis Winston guided the Buccaneers into position for a game-winning field goal on the final play of a 17-14 victory over the Carolina Panthers on Monday night. Full story »
A look at the top performances by former Auburn players on the third Sunday of the NFL's 2016 season. Full story »
With Carolina running back Jonathan Stewart dealing with a leg injury, the Panthers are counting on former Auburn standout Cameron Artis-Payne to step in if needed. Full story »
A look at the top performances by former Auburn players in the fourth week of the NFL's preseason. Full story »
Former Auburn standout Cameron Artis-Payne is the Carolina Panthers' leading preseason rusher. Full story »
Cameron Artis-Payne said the December action of his rookie season made a big difference for him. Full story »
Carolina Panthers running back Cameron Artis-Payne was arrested on Saturday night and charged with reckless driving after North Carolina State Troopers clocked him at 102 mph on Interstate 85, WSOC-TV in Charlotte reported on Sunday night. Full story »
Follow along for updates from the press conferences of coaches and general managers on Wednesday at the NFL Scouting Combine. Full story »
Denver Broncos defensive end DeMarcus Ware played in the Super Bowl for the first time in his 11-season NFL career on Sunday. He made sure he came away with a victory. Full story »
A rundown on the former Auburn players in the NFL on the final Sunday of the 2015 regular season. Full story »
Former Auburn standout Cameron Artis-Payne scored his first NFL touchdown on Sunday, running 11 yards to the end zone in the second quarter of the Carolina Panthers' game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in Charlotte, N.C., on Sunday. Full story »
The past two SEC rushing leaders haven't done much in the 2015 NFL season. The odd thing is their teams probably hoped they wouldn't need to. They won't be hoping that on Sunday, the final day of the NFL's regular season. Full story »
Carolina Panthers running back Cameron Artis-Payne had to wait through the first 13 games of his rookie NFL season to get much of a chance to carry the football. But he's had to wait for his opportunities throughout his football life. Full story »
A rundown of the performances of former Auburn players in the NFL during Week 15 of the 2015 season. Full story »
Last season, Auburn running back Cameron Artis-Payne led the SEC with 1,608 rushing yards. This season, Artis-Payne has carried the ball 12 times for 31 yards as an NFL rookie for the Carolina Panthers. Full story »
The NFL's Week 15 schedule with TV and odds. Full story »
Auburn has had at least one 1,000-yard rusher each season since 2009. A look back at the players who topped the 1,000-yard plateau. Full story »
The elevation of wide receiver Quan Bray from the Indianapolis Colts' practice squad to the active roster moved Auburn back into a tie with Miami (Fla.) for the most rookies eligible to play in the NFL. Full story »


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When you purchase a digital subscription to Cake Central Magazine, you will get an instant and automatic download of the most recent issue.
teapot made with wilton ball pan - sugar paste tea cup. I used a cake dummy for the table - I wanted something big, but not so much cake. worked out just fine. i did have some technical difficulties with the ball, but overall it turned out ok. Thanks for looking
Tea Pot
High Tea Cake
Teapot For Kitchen Tea
(if this is a private computer)
Yes please, register now!


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Take a new approach.We are finding new ways to contextualize CTE courses and are continually impressed with what students can achieve. Find out more how you can experience this at your school.
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Need help cloning? Learn how to
clone a repository.
Atlassian SourceTree
is a free Git and Mercurial client for Windows.
Atlassian SourceTree
is a free Git and Mercurial client for Mac.
Incorrect import line causes double initialization of package:
Example output of object id + thread name:
<_MainThread(MainThread, started 140507634476832)>
<_MainThread(MainThread, started 140507634476832)>
Source code to demonstrate it: https://bitbucket.org/pigmej/cherrypy/downloads/TestApp.tar.gz
I'm requesting pull to 3.2.x but the default requires it also.
I forgot to add: http://bugs.python.org/issue2090
Three things:
I suggest instead the patch should maintain the same behavior but use the recommended technique to get the tail module.
Updated & tested


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The RDN and the Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations have investigated the potential public access locations on Quennell Lake and found that the existing Ritten Road boat launch continues to hold the greatest potential for an official public boat launch. In 2012 RDN Parks staff will be working with community members, user groups and the Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations to develop a development plan and management strategy for the Ritten Road Boat Launch which will be reviewed by the Electoral Area 'A' Parks, Recreation and Culture Commission.
|Concept 1
|Concept 2
|Design Brief
If you have any questions please feel free to contact Elaine McCulloch, RDN Community Parks Planner at firstname.lastname@example.com or call 1.888.828.2069.


text: Fortunately, some lifestyle changes may prevent you from developing type 2 diabetes. If you are overweight, losing about 5% to 10% of your body weight (often just 10 to 15 pounds) can help bring your blood sugar levels back to normal. Regular exercise, such as walking 30 minutes a day, five days a week, can also be effective.


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London :A new record has been set by Scientist for spotting the most distant galaxy cluster that is located about 11.1 billion light years from the Earth. This discovery pushes back to the formation time of these clusters by about 700 million years.
The galaxy cluster, spotted using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and other telescopes, may have been caught right after birth – a brief, but important stage of evolution never seen before, researchers said. "This galaxy cluster isn't just remarkable for its distance, it's also going through an amazing growth spurt unlike any we've ever seen," said Tao Wang of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) who led the study.
The galaxy cluster is called CL J1001+0220 and is located about 11.1 billion light years from Earth. The discovery of this object pushes back the formation time of galaxy clusters – the largest structures in the universe held together by gravity – by about 700 million years, researchers said.
The core of CL J1001 contains eleven massive galaxies – nine of which are experiencing an impressive baby boom of stars. Stars are forming in the cluster's core at a rate that is equivalent to over 3,000 Suns forming per year, a remarkably high value for a galaxy cluster, including those that are almost as distant, and therefore as young, as CL J1001.
The diffuse X-ray emission detected by Chandra and European Space Agency's XMM-Newton Observatory comes from a large amount of hot gas, one of the defining features of a true galaxy cluster. "It appears that we have captured this galaxy cluster at a critical stage just as it has shifted from a loose collection of galaxies into a young, but fully formed galaxy cluster," said David Elbaz from CEA.
Previously, only these loose collections of galaxies, known as protoclusters, had been seen at greater distances than CL J1001. The results suggest that elliptical galaxies in galaxy clusters like CL J1001 may form their stars during shorter and more violent outbursts than elliptical galaxies that are outside clusters.
The discovery also suggests that much of the star formation in these galaxies happens after the galaxies fall onto the cluster, not before. In comparing their results to computer simulations of the formation of clusters performed by other scientists, the team found that CL J1001 has an unexpectedly high amount of mass in stars compared to the cluster's total mass.
This may show that the build-up of stars is more rapid in distant clusters than simulations imply, or it may show that clusters like CL J1001 are so rare that they are not found in today's largest cosmological simulations. The research appears in The Astrophysical Journal. galaxy cluster, Ancient Galaxy Cluster, nasa spots galaxy clusters, nasa's chandra x-ray observatory, Chandra X-ray Observatory, new galaxy cluster discovered, Galaxy cluster discovered, new galaxy cluster found, discovery of galaxy clusters.


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This is Mini Quilt Workshop is the perfect introduction to patchwork and quilting
Course Outline: In this workshop you will learn how to use a rotary cutter, a simple method of making 4 patch squares, how to make a quilt sandwich, stitching in the ditch and making machine stitched self binding. You will go home with a mini quilt measuring 16 1/2″ x 12 1/2″.
Please Bring to the Course:
:: Sewing machine, power cable, foot pedal, user manual
:: 5 fat quarters of quilting cotton and coordinating thread
:: A walking foot is not essential but will help you get more accurate results
Experience Level: Confident Beginner. You will need to be comfortable with how to use your sewing machine: threading, winding and loading a bobbin.
Duration: 4 hours
Locations and Costs:
:: I offer one to one and small group sessions at my home studio in North Shropshire (not far from Market Drayton) at a time to suit you. Contact me to arrange a session. The Mini Quilt workshop costs £70.
:: The workshop can be taken in one 4 hour block or in two 2 hour sessions.


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8/20/2017 » 8/22/20172017 Annual Conference
8/27/2017 » 8/29/2017AEDCE Annual Conference
8/27/2017 » 8/29/2017AEDCE 2017 Annual Conference
9/11/2017 » 9/14/2017True South Economic Development Course
9/24/2017 » 9/26/2017WVEDC Fall Conference
Executive Director
Ouachita Partnership for Economic Development
Camden, Arkansas
The Ouachita Partnership for Economic Development (OPED) in Camden Arkansas is recruiting a new Executive Director to replace its retiring Director. Focus areas include marketing, retention, workforce training & recruitment, community development & investment, and revenue generation. Local assets include timber with active prospects and a large cluster of defense manufacturers with a highly-skilled workforce of 3,000 + employees. Our defense cluster specializes in military ordnance, guided missile and rocket systems, and expects to expand into military vehicle manufacturing next year. New Executive Director should be a relationship builder with advanced skills in project development, marketing, graphic design, writing and fund raising. Ideal candidate will have Bachelor's degree, three or more years of full-time economic development experience, and have or be working towards certification from a national or state economic development program; equivalent education and experience will be considered. Position is open until filled. Search Committee review begins on 02/03/2015. For application instructions and more information about the job, see www.teamcamdenarkansas.com For information about the region, see www.InvestInSouthArkansas.com.
Date Posted: January 21, 2015
311 Nelson Street, SW
Atlanta, GA 30313
Google Map


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We're happy to announce a new eBook release! We've assembled our best advice on API marketing, developer relations, and platform advocacy into a single volume. Grab a copy of How to Successfully Market an API for free HERE, or name your price on LeanPub. Read more
Posts Tagged: developer
Virtual Assistants Harness Third Party Developer Power
In a recent article we talked about home automation and the concept of virtual assistants. Although Amazon's Alexa is one of the most exciting virtual assistants (VAs) around, she's still not the best known; that honor has to go to Apple's Siri, who is currently undergoing some big changes. Read more
API Design: Building and Enforcing an Internal Style Guide
In our recent post on tips for starting a public API journey we touched briefly on the idea of creating a style guide that helps API providers produce well-constructed and consistent APIs as part of their public API offering. The creation of an API style guide is, however relevant for API providers regardless of whether they are providing APIs externally or internally: It provides the context for their development efforts whether it be outsourced or created internally and is an important tool for achieving some level of governance across the organization. Read more
How to Hold a Killer First Hackathon or Developer Conference
Part of what makes modern API development so much more powerful than ever before is the fact that, at the tip of one's fingers, an entire world of lessons, examples, and fellow developers are within reach. Community and the resultant feedback has made API development and the APIs that are created from this process more extensive, more powerful, and more effective. Read more
Developer Relations: How to Offer Unparalleled Developer Outreach
APIs are necessarily a communal endeavor — the community fostered between the users, the providers, and those who depend on the API for the functions of their own services drives the development environment of the API space.
Accordingly, developer outreach is absolutely essential for cultivating an API's network of users and agents. Read more


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Masterclass on the art of fermentation
Venture to Borough Market's Cookhouse, for a morning mastering the art of fermentation with Rachel de Thample of the Market Table.
You'll get to grips with:
Sourdough – all you need to know how to make your own sourdough loaves, take away a pot of sourdough starter and make sourdough pancakes, which we'll eat honey fermented cherries.
Kombucha – we'll marry tea from the market with a Kombucha scoby. You'll get to take home your own jar of fermenting tea, which will include a scoby for you to make future batches.
Kimchi – we'll make a jar of kimchi using organic seasonal ingredients from the Chegworth Valley Farm and spices from the market.
Summer Fruit Shrubs – mix up your own gut-soothing drinking vinegar using organic summer fruit and honey from the market.
If you'd like to join Rachel in the Cookhouse you can book here.
Tickets cost £85 and booking is essential. Places will be limited due to the size of the space.
Rachel de Thample is the author of Less Meat, More Veg and Five. She has worked in the kitchens of Marco Pierre White, Heston Blumenthal and Peter Gordon and currently teaches the preserve courses at River Cottage HQ on the Dorset/Devon boarder and Wild Food Cookery at Made in Hackney. Rachel was Head of Fantastic Food for Abel & Cole for nearly 10 years. She lives in Crystal Palace, London, where she has helped set up numerous local food initiatives.


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The UPJ's Religious Action and Advocacy Centre released the following statement following the recent change in the Federal Government's Asylum Seeker Policy:
Read more ...
Religious leaders of all faiths are signing on to an open letter backing action on climate change. Rabbi Jeffrey Kamins explains why the Torah enjoins Jews to care for the environment.
Click on the link below to check out the Easy Learn Hebrew Facebook page!
Learn to Read Hebrew Online Here


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Fairytale Couture Photographer
Sarah Lauterbach MUAMakeup Artist Female Los Angeles, California, US
My Website: Make Up By Sarah LauterbachMy MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/makeupbysarahlauterbach
Mayhem # 2311827
About MeMy name is Sarah Lauterbach, I am 23 years old. I am a Professional Makeup Artist based out of Los Angeles, CA. I attended MUD (Make-up Designory) in Burbank, CA and have recieved my certifications in Multi-Media Make-up Artistry program. I am also a licensed cosmetologist of 6 years.
Some of my talents include but are not limited to: beauty, avant gaurd, high fashion, runway, wedding, red carpet, head-shots, editorial, film, television, lifestyle, commercial, print, special effects, character, airbrush tanning, special event, and hairstyling.
- Currently only accepting paid submissions.
- I am willing to trade my skills and time to work for TFP/TFCD as long as I receive my test/kit fee, my prints, and proper creditably for my work. This exception is only for specific jobs (A-list Celebrity, or Published Work)
- I am very reasonable, professional, cleanly, organized, easy to work with, always on time, and I take pride in being the best, and achieving the overall look.
- If you have any questions about bookings, or pricing please feel free to either message me via model mayhem or shoot me an email at email@example.com
- My rates, terms, and fees are included on my website.
- For published work (Tear Sheets) I've done please visit my Facebook page!
website: www.lamakeupbysarah.com
fb: fb.com/makeupbysarahlauterbach
twitter: @sarahlauterbach
instagram: @lamakeup
pheed: @sarahlauterbach
fb fan page: fb.com/pages/Makeup-by-Sarah-Lauterbach/279935715378642
Thanks so much for viewing! Looking forward to hearing from you :)
Have you worked with Sarah Lauterbach MUA? Add Credits for Sarah Lauterbach MUA! >>
Credit Notesbrittany berggren photography - www.bbphotosite.com
lira clothing - www.liraclothing.com
xiamour collection - www.xiamour.com
lenetta kidd productions - www.lenettakiddproductions.com
For other credits, and for my clientele list please view: makeupbysarah.myresume.org
Fairytale Couture Photographer
Christina Forbes Model
HairbyLiz Hair Stylist
LoopyLoop Photographer
amberae11 Model
Amanda L Model
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A crossbar that mounts to the top of a stand to create a light tree. The 2 sliding tees can be set anywhere along its 18" length. Thread is 1/2"-13.


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We put together the beard bundle to give the modern, bearded man an uncompromised set of tools to keep his mane in top shape both for himself and those very close to him.
Smooth, soften and strengthen your beard with our specially formulated beard oil. Loaded with moisture-enhancing oils and vitamins, this formula delivers a healthy looking and feeling beard.
Seal-in and add moisture while strengthening your hair with our beard balms Shae butter enriched formula. The balm acts both as a styling pomade to keep hairs in place as well as a moisturizer with its essential oil blend.


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Parker's Hires Director of Fuel Services
Jeff Bush is a decorated U.S. Army veteran.
|Jeff Bush
SAVANNAH, Ga. -- Parker's Corp. named Jeff Bush its director of fuel services.
Bush is responsible for overseeing fuel logistics, pricing strategies, supply costs and supplier negotiations for the operator of 30 convenience stores. He previously served as business manager for Armstrong Atlantic State University's newspaper, The Inkwell.
Bush also served as a forward observer for the U.S. Army, and quickly rose to the rank of staff sergeant. During his military service, Bush earned the Combat Action Badge, Iraqi Campaign Medal and 14 other awards and medals.
"Jeff's military background, commitment to excellence and attention to detail make him an excellent addition to the Parker's team," said Parker's President and CEO Greg Parker. "I met him when I spoke to students at Armstrong Atlantic State University last year and was immediately impressed by his enthusiasm."
Bush, a resident of Hinesville, Ga., is completing a Bachelor of Arts in Economics at Armstrong Atlantic.
Savannah, Ga.-based Parker's Corp. operates c-stores throughout Georgia and South Carolina.


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Format : MKV
Video Type: BluRay
Runtime : 87 mins
Genre : Comedy Drama Family Musical
Aspect : 1920x1080
Audio cod : ENGLISH: AC3 5.1
Audio bit : 640Kbps 48.0 KHz
Video cod : x264
Video bit : 2pass VBR 10064 Kbps
Framerate : 23.976 fps
Subtitles : English
Size : 72x 100mb (6719 MB
In this "trequel" to The Cheetah Girls, Chanel, Dorinda, and Aqua, are off to India to star in a Bollywood movie. But when there they discover that they will have to compete against each other to get the role in the movie.
Adrienne Bailon ... Chanel
Sabrina Bryan ... Dorinda
Kiely Williams ... Aqua


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Ford Only Automaker on List of America's Best Employers
Ford has been ranked the best automaker to work for in America.
With 181,000 employees, Ford is the only automaker to make it onto a list of America's Best Companies to Work for, landing in the 64th position. The company has an annual revenue of $146.9 billion and former CEO Alan Mulally was the second highest rated CEO of 2014 with a Glassdoor rating of 97-percent approval. Current CEO Mark Fields has a Glassdoor CEO rating of 88 percent.
SEE ALSO: 2014 Ford C-Max Hybrid Named IIHS Top Safety Pick
Ford's employees have largely positive comments about the company, specifically citing excellent pay and benefits. The majority of the American automaker's plants and offices are located in Michigan, Ohio and other states that is typically considered the Rust Belt.
Though it's not an automaker, engine maker Cummins was ranked 69th on the list while John Deere ranked 42nd. In order to determine America's Best Employers, 24/7 Wall St. independently reviewed employee ratings and testimonials on Glassdoor.com. To be considered, a company had to have at least 300 reviews and employers were excluded if they were a government agency or bureau, a non-profit or a subsidiary of a larger company.
GALLERY: Ford C-Max Hybrid
[Source: 24/7 Wall St]
Discuss this story at our Ford forum


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ATLANTA to ORLANDO and vice versa for $109 R/T nonstop
Amazing deal: Atlanta to Orlando flights roundtrip as low as $109.
Atlanta, USA
Orlando, USA
Atlanta, USA
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First 2 Bags Fly Free® with Southwest!
Please, support our website and book with our links:
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We do not sell travel products or services. We just provide you with information (how/where) about flight deals or links to websites, where you can read more about it.
Information is valid at time of publication. Due to a high amount of posts – it is hard to track down all expired offers, so sometimes you may not find the price mentioned in the post. It means that the deal was sold out or supplier (airlines/agency) has changed the conditions or removed the offer. To avoid these frustrating situations, you can subscribe to our newsletter, Facebook, Twitter, Tumbler.
Image Credits:Ricardo's Photography used under CC BY 2.0 license / Resized from original.


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Carrie Liao
"Desert" by Carrie Liao
– Work From the 2016 Iceland Residency –
You can view the gallery and archive of artwork here.
Carrie Liao
Los Angeles
Archival Print
11" x 14"
About this piece:
The wee foxes go on an adventure! This is a collection of traditional marker paintings and ink drawings, following two friends as they leave their dreary everyday routine behind and explore the world.
About this artist:
Carrie Liao is an artist with Warner Animation Group who loves all things travel.
Purchasing Limited Edition Prints:
All prints are made per order on archival, premium matte paper with archival inks. Prints will be individually wrapped in a poly bag and shipped in a rigid cardboard tube within one week of your purchase. For national orders, you can expect your purchased print(s) within 10 days of purchase, while international shipping will vary. **We are a small team and are only able to fill orders on Wednesdays and Fridays. As soon as your package has filled, you will receive an email confirmation and tracking number. There may be short processing period between packaging and shipping. We are not responsible for stolen, damaged, or unclaimed packages.
Purchasing Originals:
If you purchase an original artwork from the exhibition, it will be carefully packaged and shipped after the closing of the exhibition. You will be notified when your package has shipped. We send all originals with tracking, insurance, and signature confirmation.
Please check out FAQ page for more details about shipping and notifications.
If you are purchasing multiple works or have questions, please send us a note to firstname.lastname@example.com We would be happy to help!
Thank you for your support!


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You are now in control of your home! Control4 has mastered the solution for making it possible for virtually any appliance or device in your home to intelligently communicate with one another. From your locks to lights, doors to drapes and much more. You have the ability to control them, no matter where you are.
Learn More
Green Electronic Solutions raises the bar in today's home technology, a true certified and licensed integrator that specializes in the installation and integration of the electronic home in its entirety. The company was formed in 1986 by owners Brian Green, Jack Green and Mark Green. With 75+ years of experience combined, they have the technical and management experience to be diverse in today's market.
We're here to help!
Green Electronic Solutions can help you begin your next project. Contact us today to get started.
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Website Designed By: OutLaunched.com ©Copyright 2016 Green Electronic Solutions, All Rights Reserved


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Commentary / World Jan 16, 2017
Open society needs defending
Open societies are in crisis, and various forms of closed societies — from fascist dictatorships to mafia states — are on the rise.
For George Soros's latest contributions to The Japan Times, see below:
Open societies are in crisis, and various forms of closed societies — from fascist dictatorships to mafia states — are on the rise.
Rather than uniting to resist the populist threat they all face, EU member states have played into its hands by becoming increasingly unwilling to cooperate with one another.
Russian President Vladimir Putin's current aim is to foster the EU's disintegration, and the best way to do so is to flood it with Syrian refugees.
Europe needs a comprehensive plan to respond to the growing influx of refugees, rather than each nation responding selfishly focused on its own interests.
There is something fundamentally wrong with EU policy. How else could Putin's Russia have outmaneuvered Ukraine's allies, which used to lead the free world?
The major uncertainty facing the world today, says George Soros, is not the euro but the future direction of China. The growth model that drove China's rapid rise appears to have run out of steam.
Converting all outstanding European government bonds — with the exception of Greece's — into Eurobonds would be by far the best remedy for resolving the euro crisis.
To resolve a crisis in which the impossible has become possible, it is necessary to think the unthinkable. So, to resolve Europe's sovereign-debt crisis, it is now imperative to prepare for the possibility of default and defection from the eurozone by Greece, Portugal and, ...
NEW YORK — In 2010, economic conflict between the United States and China became one of the most worrying global developments. The U.S. pressed China to revalue the renminbi, while China blamed the U.S. Federal Reserve policy of "quantitative easing" for currency market turmoil. ...
CANCUN, Mexico — The official communique from the Cancun climate-change conference cannot disguise the fact that there will be no successor to the Kyoto Protocol when it expires at the end of 2012. Japan, among others, has withdrawn its support for efforts simply to ...