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2 Syllabus Topic 1: Biodiesel Basics/Fuel Properties Topic 2: Overview of Biodiesel Production Using Waste Oil Topic 3: Feedstock Sources for Making Fuel Topic 4: Operation of the BioPro 190 Equipment Topic 5: Waste Disposal and Byproducts Topic 6: Biodiesel Fuel Quality Assurance Topic 7: Greenhouse Gas Reduction Calculations Topic 8: Program Cost Estimates Question and Answer Visit to EcoPark and demo of equipment at RIT 2
3 Topic 1: Biodiesel Basics What is Biodiesel? A biodegradable, combustible fuel made from vegetable oils and/or animal fats Usually done by base catalyzed transesterification of fats/oils (i.e. make a big multichain molecule into 3 smaller molecules) Can be used in any compression ignition engine that will accept regular diesel fuel Engine does NOT need to be modified to use biodiesel blended with regular diesel 3
4 Biodiesel Basics Fats/oils are reacted with alcohol (methanol), using a strong alkaline catalyst (sodium hydroxide NaOH or potassium hydroxide KOH) This yields mono-alkyl methyl esters (biodiesel) and glycerin Example: 100 pounds + 10 pounds 10 pounds pounds Triglyceride Alcohol Glycerin Mono-Alkyl Methyl Esters (Vegetable Oil) (Methanol) (Biodiesel) 4
5 Reaction 2: esterification to biodiesel Methanol KOH Reaction 1: free fatty acid conversion biodiesel Sulfuric Acid Methanol Variety of used cooking oils glycerin 5
6 Biodiesel Basics Commercial biodiesel is sold as a blend with regular ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) Example: B10 10% biodiesel 90% petroleum diesel Pure biodiesel is known as B100 (100%) or neat biodiesel Normally B100 is not used in vehicle engines due to engine warranty concerns Operation with biodiesel blends may result in very slightly lower mpg due to lower energy content Most vehicles are now warranted up to B20 (20% biodiesel) 6
7 Biodiesel Fuel Properties Performance and handling of biodiesel: Can be stored and handled exactly like regular diesel fuel It has a higher flashpoint (minimum 130 C) and is therefore safer than petroleum diesel fuel (minimum 52 C) It is biodegradable Aids in keeping the fuel system clean Improved engine lubricity Engine Emissions: lower carbon monoxide (CO) lower particulate (PM) lower unburned hydrocarbons (HC) increase or reduce NOx emissions* *engine design dependent 7
8 Biodiesel Fuel Properties Cloud Point Most conservative temperature at which components begin to precipitate from the pure biodiesel fuel May cause operability issues Will vary significantly depending upon the feedstock Cloud point for B100 from various oils: Soy biodiesel 32 F Tallow (animal fat) biodiesel F Canola biodiesel 27 F Palm (coconut) biodiesel F Diesel fuel ~ -4 to 13 F 8
9 RIT Cloud Point Data Two ASTM quality B100 batches had cloud points of 6 and 8 C (43 and 46 F) 9
10 Biodiesel Fuel Properties Storage: Winter concerns (fuel gelling in storage tank) Water concerns (fuel stability reduced by bacterial growth if water is present) Biodiesel blends will gel sooner than diesel blends at low temperatures Outdoor, above ground storage tanks are potentially vulnerable to low temperature problems Splash blending of biodiesel with petroleum diesel will not work well at temperatures below the biodiesel gel point (typically F), but this can be handled by blending in kerosene as done with ULSD 10
11 RIT Study of Biodiesel Use RIT has an above ground tank to fuel 2 study vehicles on the campus 3 year study Monitored vehicle performance and emissions Various blends B20 used for all winter driving Results: No adverse effects were seen either in the vehicles or in the storage tank from the low winter temperatures. 11
12 Topic 2: Overview of Biodiesel Production Using Waste Oil The high viscosity vegetable oil must be chemically converted for it to operate properly in a diesel engine Biodiesel conversion process does this Caution: DO NOT use raw vegetable oil in an engine no matter what you read on the internet! Raw vegetable oil cannot meet biodiesel fuel specifications It is not registered with the EPA It is not a legal motor fuel It is high viscosity so burns poorly (poor atomization and varnish formation) It is important that the fuel produced meets the biodiesel ASTM standards, otherwise there could be engine damage. 12
13 Topic 3: Feedstock Sources For Making Fuel Any refined vegetable oils Obtained from restaurants, food courts, snack bars, cafeterias, lunch trucks. Food production facilities may also have waste oil in bulk storage. Some municipalities have collection sites for residential cooking oils Make sure cooking oil dropoff is not confused with used motor oil drop off Some sources may already have contracted with commercial companies to dispose of the oil they pay ~ $1 per gallon for waste oil. 13
14 Feedstock Sources For Making Fuel Important: Line up your oil supplier(s) early and confirm their participation if using cafeteria or restaurant fryer oil The higher the quality of the oil, the easier it is to produce high quality fuel 14
15 Fresh Oil: all of one type no free fatty acids no water highest cost Restaurant Fryer Oil: typically all one oil type may contain water and food particles contains animal fats high free fatty acids lower cost compete with rendering companies for supply (They pay restaurants for their waste oil.) Residential Cooking Oil: mixed oils contains food particles contains water contains animal fats low in free fatty acids highly variable volume and quality only cost is collecting it 15
16 Production of Biodiesel Using Waste Cooking Oil Residential Cooking Oil Commercial Used Fryer Oil 16
17 Oil Collection Considerations Visually sort incoming oil Screening oil to remove large particles Settling tank to remove oil and oilwater emulsion 24 hour drying cycle to drive off remaining oil water emulsion 17
18 Daphne Utilities, Alabama Cooking oil collection program Decreased the amount of oils going to the POTW Collected in consumer friendly areas Oil used to make biodiesel Started in 2006 Collect gallons/month (population 22,000) 18
19 Daphne Utilities, Alabama Started their whole program for ~$3,000 Recycling program Homemade biodiesel equipment B20 blended and used in their fleet of vehicles $10,000 annual fuel cost savings Reduction of greases in the municipal waste water 19
20 Topic 4: Operation of the BioPro 190 Equipment BioPro 190 Oil Water Settling Tank Water wash drums Incoming Oil 20
21 Biodiesel Processing Equipment Requirements Biodiesel processing equipment (heating, mixing) Water supply Waste oil supply Clean drums for strained oil finished fuel glycerin Containers, beakers, buckets of various sizes for chemical pouring, waste glycerin, and waste oil emulsion Safety Equipment Face shield, gloves, apron Storage area for finished fuel Chemicals KOH or NaOH Methanol Sulfuric Acid 21
22 Filter waste oil (mesh strainer) Settle out water Clean oil pumped to BioPro 190 Dry oil with heat and stir Add sulfuric acid to machine Start processing Add methanol to machine Add NaOH or KOH to machine Reaction 1 and Reaction 2 Allow glycerin to settle Drain glycerin Test for reaction completion Pump out finished fuel Final drying cycle Wash cycle: methanol and solubles removed 22
23 Factors Affecting the Biodiesel Reaction Waste oil type: Bacon grease and other solid greases are not acceptable for biodiesel production since they raise the cloud point and could cause cold weather problems. Restaurant fryer oils: Tend to be high in free fatty acids which results in lower yields of biodiesel due to soap production during the reaction. High water content in the oil: Water impedes the biodiesel reaction resulting in only partial conversion of the oil to biodiesel. The biodiesel process used at RIT was tailored for the residential cooking oil which tends to be high in water content. 23
24 Initial Oil Collection and Processing to Deal with Water Visual sorting: Milky liquid is likely to be either high in water, animal fats, or both. This liquid is rejected. Mechanical screening: To remove large food particles that could plug pumps Settling Tank: To allow oil and oil emulsion to settle out (~24 hours) for removal before going to the processing tank Pre-drying step: Once the oil is in the processing tank, it is heated and stirred for at least 12 hours to drive off any remaining water 24
25 Robust Process Considerations Use additional alkali to drive the reaction to completion Approx 10% additional KOH eliminates residual oil or glycerides at the end of the biodiesel reaction Test for completion with 27 3 test Re run batch If reaction not complete using 190 grams of KOH and 2 gal of methanol 25
26 Robust Process Considerations Use water wash to remove reaction by products Salts Residual Glycerin Residual Methanol 26
27 Topic 5: Waste Disposal and Byproducts The biodiesel production process results in two primary waste products: Waste water from the fuel washing process (approximately 1 gallon of water for every gallon of biodiesel) Glycerin is drained off at the end of the fuel production process (approximately 1 gallon for every 3 gallons of biodiesel) *Both the waste water and glycerin have small amounts of methanol in them. 27
28 Glycerin Disposal Crude glycerin is not a high value commodity. At 2 per lb., 15 gallons of glycerin = $3 (excluding shipping) Crude glycerin from the biodiesel conversion process has three possible uses: Compost accelerator Methane booster in anaerobic digesters Soap production Low end disposal send to the local wastewater treatment facility (with permission) 28
29 Daphne Utilities, Alabama The glycerin byproduct was used to make soap Little soaps are their main marketing tool in schools 29
30 Topic 6: Biodiesel Fuel Quality Assurance ASTM D6751 Testing Requirements: Testing costs can be $325 or more per sample ACID NUMBER - ASTM D664 ASH, SULFATED RESIDUE - ASTM D874 CARBON RESIDUE, RMS, % WT - ASTM D524 CETANE NUMBER - ASTM D613 CLOUD POINT - ASTM D2500 COPPER CORROSION, STRIP - ASTM D130 DISTILLATION, (REDUCED PRESS.) - ASTM D1160 FLASH POINT (PMCC) - ASTM D93 GLYCERIN, FREE & TOTAL - ASTM D6584 OXIDATION STABILITY (ACCEL.) - ASTM D2274 POUR POINT - ASTM D97 SEDIMENT & WATER (BS&W) - ASTM D1796 / D2709 SULFUR CONTENT - ASTM D4294 SPECTROCHEMICAL, ppm - ASTM D DEG - C ASTM D445 30
31 Screening Tests Raw waste oil Free fatty acids, >5% will have problems (depends on oil source) Water content, Karl Fischer test Finished biodiesel 27 3 test to screen for completion of the biodiesel reaction 3 ml. of biodiesel 27 ml. of methanol If the biodiesel fails the 27 3 test, it will not pass the ASTM test 31
32 Topic 7: Greenhouse Gas Reduction Calculations Using published equations, the level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction from production of biodiesel fuel can be calculated based on the known amount of waste grease converted CO 2 produced by combustion of 1 gallon of petroleum-based diesel [1] = 22.2lbs. GHG emissions reduction from replacing petroleum-based diesel with biodiesel [2] = 86% GHG emissions reduction (in tons) = {[Waste oil in gallons ]*22.2*0.86} / 2000 For Monroe County, there is a potential GHG emissions reduction of 21,800 tons/year [1] Emission Facts: Average Carbon Dioxide Emissions Resulting from Gasoline and Diesel Fuel, US Environmental Protection Agency, EPA420-F , Feb [2] Environmental Protection Agency, Renewable Fuel Standards Program Regulatory Impact Analysis, released in February 2010 (http://www.extension.org/pages/used_and_waste_oil_and_grease_for_biodiesel). 32
33 Topic 8: Program Cost Estimates A make-or-buy trade study on the costs and benefits of a do-it-yourself program - Components of program cost: Equipment Accessories Supplies Oil Feedstock Costs Utilities Transport Testing Glycerin Disposal Labor - What volume of biodiesel can you consume in a year? (B5, B10, B20?) - All balanced against selling the waste oil outright, if possible, and buying your own regular diesel ~ $4 per gallon 33
34 Diesel Prices East Coast $4 per gallon 34
35 35
36 Payback period reduction through higher biodiesel production volumes 36
37 Summary Biodiesel Safe and effective diesel replacement with some operational advantages over petro diesel Can be made from waste cooking oil Reduces the amount of greenhouse gas emissions The equipment Is commercially available Can produce roadquality biodiesel The decision make or buy calculations 37
38 References/Sources The Biodiesel Handbook (2 nd Edition) by Gerhard Knothe, J. Krahl, J. Van Gerpen. Urbana IL: AOCS press, National Biodiesel Board: Springboard Biodiesel: U.S. Department of Energy Alternative Fuels Center: Coordinating Research Council: Biodiesel study reports, 38
39 Questions? 39
40 Demo of BioPro Equipment 40
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text:
The official residences of the Australian prime minister will have new oversight from an expert group.
In depth: Nationals in crisis, government in turmoil
Judith Ireland, James Massola Early on Monday morning, Barnaby Joyce paid a visit to Nationals senator John Williams at his Parliament House office.
Govt abusing taxpayers' funds to pay for postal vote: ex-Finance boss
Noel Towell Gay marriage vote an "entirely inappropriate use" of money meant for emergencies, says former top public servant.
Bombshell crossbench decision leaves government's survival in doubt
Peter Hartcher The survival prospects for the Turnbull government continue to narrow, with another key crossbench member withdrawing support.
Constitutional crisis leaves Turnbull government fighting for its political life
Amy Remeikis Nick Xenophon has blamed political opponents for fresh doubts over his citizenship status, which could see him dealt out of Parliament, as the Turnbull government fights for its political life.
How Cronulla voters view Pauline Hanson's burqa stunt
Garry Maddox In an electorate where One Nation support is strong, it is hard to find backers for Pauline Hanson's stunt.
Another government senator under a cloud over business interests
Eryk Bagshaw, Adam Gartrell, Amy Remeikis Nationals senator Barry O'Sullivan has rejected suggestions he is in breach of the constitution after questions were raised over his eligibility to sit in the Senate - not because of his citizenship, but his business interests.
What the hell is going on with the Nationals?
James Massola Is anyone checking the forms in National Party HQ? Does anyone do the due diligence? These are not unfair questions.
Hanson burqa stunt ignites firestorm over religious freedoms
Amy Remeikis and Nicole Hasham One Nation leader Pauline Hanson has triggered a firestorm around religious freedoms after wearing a burqa into Parliament.
Citizenship shock: Nick Xenophon says he won't resign if found to be a British citizen
Amy Remeikis Key crossbencher was not aware he held possible British citizenship until a journalist contacted him "a few days ago".

subset: commoncrawl


text:
With First Tutors: Music you can locate a Dursley composition teacher. Composition lessons are a great method to start a stimulating new hobby, pick up a new skill and attain confidence with composition. Try our service to search for Dursley composition teachers and determine which matches your requirements so you can enjoy your composition lessons in Dursley today!
First Tutors: Music is the only place to contact Dursley composition tutors in the UK, helping you discover Dursley composition lessons close to home and Dursley teachers to assist with any instrument, for example, piano, violin or guitar. We can help you find Dursley composition lessons or a one-to-one Dursley composition tutor to prepare for composition exams and develop your composition skills! We order Dursley composition teachers in your area by their lesson charges and distance from you.
If you are a composition teacher and would like to offer composition lessons in Dursley or throughout the UK, please register with First Tutors: Music or learn about us here. Becoming a Dursley composition tutor is a brilliant way to re-affirm your own skills by giving composition tuition while assisting others, all in Dursley!


text:
As the summer vacation months draw to a close, burglaries in all categories tend to begin a seasonal downward trend. This appears to be true of Harker Heights. Residents returned from vacation, thereby deterring thieves from making them a target of burglary.
The school year has begun, providing gainful activities for our youth.
The waning burglary reports will be short-lived, however. When the holiday season begins in late November, burglaries will once again take center stage. The holidays bring out the best in most of us and the worst in a few of us. Burglaries, thefts and assaults all increase during the holidays. As the holidays approach, much will be written regarding holiday crime prevention and safety.
A single burglary was reported to police this week, making this an exceptional week of crime prevention. This burglary was of a habitation in the 900 block of Ramblewood Drive. To me, a single burglary in a residential city the size of Harker Heights is a policing achievement. Kudos, cops!
While it seems that it was a light-policing week for the Harker Heights Police Department, the fact is that it is quite the opposite. Heavy-duty policing results in a notable reduction in criminal activity. A police presence is in itself a deterrent to crime. More police presence, less crime.
Harker Heights police diligently and frequently patrol residential neighborhoods during each shift. These patrols occur in random patterns and times to keep potential thieves off balance. This is an excellent, time-tested crime prevention strategy.
Apparently, in Harker Heights, it works.
Assaults continued on an even trajectory this week. Violence occurs when emotions overshadow common sense and good judgment. Stand back, analyze, employ logic and approach the problem with verbal interaction, not fists.
One assault with bodily injury occurred in the 200 block of Commercial Drive.
An assault by contact was reported in the 600 block of West Central Texas Expressway.
An assault by threat was reported in the 100 block of Turnbo Road. While this category of assault is less serious than the categories of contact, bodily injury and with a deadly weapon, the potential for violence exists.
Many threats have morphed into violent actions. These assaults should be taken seriously. It is old, but still pertinent. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.


text:
Alternative Titles
English: Honey Blood
Synonyms: Honey Flavored Blood, Mitsuaji Blood
Japanese: 蜜味ブラッド
Type: Manga
Volumes: 2
Chapters: 10
Status: Finished
Published: 2008 to 2009
Genres: Romance, Shoujo, Vampire, Supernatural
Authors: Mitsuki, Miko (Story & Art)
Serialization: Sho-Comi
Score: 7.361 (scored by 1478 users)
1 indicates a weighted score. Please note that 'Not yet published' titles are excluded.
Ranked: #48662
2 based on the top manga page. Please note that 'R18+' titles are excluded.
Popularity: #2189
Members: 3,434
Favorites: 9


text:
Toyota of Puyallup
Review for Toyota of Puyallup
DONA S. on 12/06/2015
"Customer Service is Excellent"
There is no better place to get my car repaired and serviced. These people are great!
Vehicle: TOYOTA CAMRY
Category: Service
Service Date: 12/05/2015
Review Created: 12/06/2015 06:28 PM
Kerry S., President & General Manager at Toyota of Puyallup responded on 12/07/2015
Thank you for your kind words, Dona. We appreciate you!
President & General Manager
Toyota of Puyallup


text:
The Last Film Festival full movie online on Rainiertamayo.
Dennis Hopper performs Nick Twain, a Hollywood Producer whose newest movie is rejected by each movie competition on this planet besides one- in Ohio. Nick will do something to get his movie distributed, together with manipulating his dysfunctional solid into attending the competition. Hollywood egos and small city politics inevitably collide.


text: Got a call today from a customer who we service her Dad's property (she doesn't live around here). I answer, and she says, "I"ve been meaning to call you, I've had your letter sititing on the dining room table for awhile now, but I haven't had the time to call". i'm thinking to myself, "great, a month into the season and she is going to call and cancel cause of the price increase". She says, "Please continue servicing my dads lawn, you guys do a great job, and I'm sorry I didn't call you sooner just to touch base with you." I said, "well we have been cutting his lawn for the past month, infact I just sent out the April invoice to you." She says, "oh ok, that's great, my dad has been sick, and everything has been so hectic lately, I haven't been able to remember half of what I should be remembering." I guess my point is this, customers are just real people, they have real problems, and sometimes they have real life issues going on in their life that they aren't thinking about the grass. (hard to believe I know, but grass to a lot of people isn't their #1 priority).......Can't let the customer walk all over you, but I don't think every customer is out to screw the lawn guy and stiff the lawn guy for money. We have A LOT of good customers, how bout you?


text:
|Windows 1
Event Type: Adult Computer Class
Date: 3/3/2017
Start Time: 7:30 PM
End Time: 9:30 PM
Learn how to manage your files and folders, install programs and change the background. $9 for seniors over 50, $12 for STDL library card holders, $17 for out of district.Library: STDL - Central Library
Please call the Computer Assistance Desk at 847-923-3352 to register.
Click here to see the best order in which to take our technology classes.
Location: Adult Computer Lab
Contact: Ed Moy
Presenter: Keith Sulik


text:
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Garth Williams: Self-Portrait, March 1932....Click the image to load the highest resolution version.
DescriptionGarth Williams: Self-Portrait, March 1932. 8.5 x 11.25 inches. Williams is seen in a chest up, pencil portrait, wearing a turtle neck sweater. Twice signed by the artist at lower right. Fine. From the estate of Garth Williams.
Fees, Shipping, and Handling Description: Flat Material, Small (view shipping information)
Sales Tax information | Terms and Conditions
Bidding Guidelines and Bid Increments
Glossary of Terms
Auction Info
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25% on the first $100,000 (minimum $14), plus 20% of any amount between $100,000 and $1,000,000, plus 12% of any amount over $1,000,000 per lot.
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HA.com receives more traffic than any other auction house website. (Source: Similarweb.com)


text:
No Limits
In my dream I'm in Australia,
in the outback day and night,
sleeping under the stars so bright,
with only the animals to keep me company.
In my dream in Australia,
there are no limits,
I can do what ever I want,
I can climb on the rocks,
or watch kangaroos.
In my dream in Australia,
there is no pain,
only pure joy,
no one dying or crying
In my dream in Australia,
I lead my own life,
with a pack on my back and a knife at my side.
Yes, that's the life.


text:
A scratchcard (also called a scratch off, scratch ticket, scratcher, scratchie, scratch-it, scratch game, scratch-and-win, instant game or instant lottery) is an instant win game that has been popular for many years. Their popularity is due to the opportunity of winning large cash prizes for a small stake instantly and not having to wait for the lottery draw.
Original scratchcards were small tokens, usually made of cardboard, where one or more areas contain concealed information, they are covered by a substance that cannot be seen through, but can be scratched off. Simple scratch cards require the player to match three (or varying numbers) of the same prize amounts. If this is accomplished, they win that amount. More complicated scratchcards have several different ways to win on one card. Other scratchcards involve matching symbols, pictures or words, or are adaptations of popular (card-)games like Blackjack, Poker or Monopoly.
Now you do not even have to visit a shop to play, you can now buy and play scratchcards online. The online versions offer a huge variety of games which offer sound, animations and other interactive elements often based on popular themes such as TV shows, sports, or popular games.
The prizes on offer vary from a few £s to over £200,000 with the costs starting at a few pennies. Generally, the bigger the top prize the more the scratchcards costs, although, they are rarely more than £1 or £2. Some of the scratchcard sites offer you the opportunity to try out the games for free, with no deposit required, before you play with your own money. Also, some of the sites offer new users bonuses for signing up giving you more plays for your money.
How To Play
Playing scratchcards online is easy, no skill is involved and the rules of the games are very simple and clearly explained before you play. You can't go wrong ! Simply register with the scratchcard site, deposit some cash, choose your game and enjoy.
When you sign up with an online scratchcard site you can take advantage of generous sign up offers and free plays. There are also regular promotions offered.
Where To Play
There are many online scratchcard sites for you to choose from. Most offer regular promotions and generous sign up bonuses and a huge variety of scratchcard games. Some of the best sites are recommended below.
PrimeScratchCards.com is leading the market of online scratch cards also known as scratch off tickets or instant win games. PrimeScratchCards offers instant win prizes of up to £200,000 per card with more than 50 unique amazing games, including among others the 'classic' scratchcard and the unique 3wow game where you can win up to £1,000,000 in ONE SECOND. The PrimeScratchcards team are committed to 'Customer Care' and offer top of the line customer service at all times - a 24/7 chat, phone and email support, fast payouts and a very rewarding VIP program.
bet365 have just launched a brand new Scratchcard site to add to their already extensive product portfolio. This is packed with over 50 brand new Scratchcard games and is offered in over 17 languages. bet365's great range of Scratchcards includes some popular and instantly recognisable branded games, including Who Wants To Be A Millionaire, The X-Factor Scratch and Golden Balls. Among the new releases is a fantastic Scratchcard called 3WOW, which offers a huge jackpot prize.


text:
Oak Hollow Dental
Practice Statement
Find the right solutions to your health and Dental needs with services from Oak Hollow Dental based in San Antonio, TX. We specialize in providing you with a unique approach to helping you reach your specific health goals. Our team of experts help you recognize the problems and take action to decrease or eliminate potential impacts to your mouth, teeth and gums. Our experienced and friendly staff takes great pride in keeping your smile healthy and beautiful.
2250 Thousand Oaks Dr
Suite 120
San Antonio, TX 78232
- Dentist
- Cosmetic Dentist
In-Network Insurances
- Aetna
- Ameritas
- Assurant Employee Benefits
- View all
Book an Appointment
2250 Thousand Oaks Dr, Suite 120 San Antonio, TX, 78232


text:
London, Jan. 13 (Reuters): Police combating paedophilia searched today the house of British rock star Pete Townshend, who has admitted to viewing Internet child pornography but only in the name of research.
Carrying a box with envelopes, plastic bags and Polaroid film, officers from the Child Protection Command entered The Who guitarists house in the afternoon, witnesses said.
A spokesman for Londons Scotland Yard police confirmed a search warrant was being executed at a home in London.
The search is ongoing, were not prepared to discuss it further and there have been no arrests at this stage, he said.
After a newspaper reported that an unnamed rock star was being investigated by police as part of a major child pornography inquiry, Townshend admitted in a statement on Saturday that he had gone online to research the subject.
The Operation Ore inquiry has resulted in more than 1,300 arrests in Britain and is partly based on information supplied by American law enforcement agencies.
UK media have hinted that some British politicians may be under suspicion.
Before police turned up at his home, Townshend, 57, told the Sun newspaper he wanted police to search his computer to prove he was only looking at websites for investigative purposes.
Townshend said he has worked tirelessly to help the abused but had been foolish to wage a one-man battle against child pornography. I would be prepared to have the hard drive of my computer analysed by the police, he was quoted as saying.
It is important they are able to convince themselves that, if I did anything illegal, I did it purely for research. I am not a paedophile.
Townshend said he had once paid to enter a site.
I have looked at child porn sites maybe three or four times in all, the front pages and previews, he told the Sun.
But I have only entered once using a credit card and I have never downloaded... With hindsight, it was very foolish but I felt so angered about what was going on it blurred my judgment.


text:
I've modified the mhash library to include a mhash_reuse interface. This interface is intended to be used when computing checksums on a number of small, independent blocks of data and saves the overhead of malloc/free and some setup for each iteration.
It was modelled after the mhash_deinit function except rather than call free() on the state block, it simply re-initializes it using the appropriate init routine for the selected algorithm.
So far, I've only tested it with the MD5 and SHA1. I haven't so much as looked at the other algorithms, but don't see why it wouldn't work with them as well. On my Linux workstation, computing checksums on 1k blocks using MD5 runs about 8-10% faster than using mhash_deinit().


text:
I had a super fun Thanksgiving craft day last week! We made all sorts of fun projects and I was very grateful to add to my collection as well because I just didn't have very many things "Thanksgivingy" except for a million pumpkins. :) This is what we made:
Up above, we made the 5 blocks on 2x4x4. Super fun and easy project.
This one was my favorite! There's always, always, always something to be thankful for. I screwed 4, 1x4x30" boards together and then we stenciled on the saying. Super cute, and I loved seeing all the different colors people chose for the same design. It was neat!
Gather here with Grateful Hearts was done on a 1x12x14 board. We used the vinyl as a stencil.
Gather together is on a 1x6x30 board.
Give Thanks is on a 1x6x12 board.
Gobble Gobble is on a 2x8x12 board. I love how this one turned out.
Happy Harvest is on a 2x6x12 board.
And last but not least, Thankful to be Together is on a 1x8x27 board. So so so fun. :)


text:
Rules and Regulations Preserve Relationships and Reliability
Generally, it is believed and understood that the main purpose of having rules and regulations is for safety and security reasons as well as to ensure that orderliness prevails. However, enforcing some guidelines has a very great but less spoken of advantage; particularly in the context of relationships; not just romantic ones but otherwise too.
The deal is that if one establishes and then follows a set of ground rules, then, by virtue of living up to the commitments made, one would preserve their relationship. Additionally, being committed to following those rules with consistency also makes one known as a reliable person.Preserving a relationship basically means to keep the bond that one shares with another intact. Rules and regulations apply to all sorts of relationships i.e. spousal, romantic, parental, teacher-student relations and even friendships.
A fact that one has to realize is that having a set of guidelines does not mean anything hard and fast, or inflexible and rigid. It does not mean that one cannot have fun within the concerned relationship(s). It simply means that one ensures they follow basic human etiquette and decency; give respect and live up to mutually agreed upon commitments.
Sometimes the concept of following rules within a relationship of any sort gets quite tedious. Furthermore, it is often seen that as relationships grow stronger and bonds become deeper, people tend to take one another for granted. There comes a stage when one believes that they could say or do anything and get away with it because they are so close and frank to the other person.
However, that is not how things work and it is upon every individual to realize that no relationship can last if they do not follow basic societal rules such as giving as much if not more than what one gets, fulfilling one another's rights and giving due respect.


text:
National Eye Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
National Eye is a psychedelic band from Philadelphia. Formed in 2002, the group has recorded four albums, all in their home studio: The Meter Glows (2003); Roomful of Lions (2005); The Farthest Shore (2008); and Ramparts (2012). They are: Will Baggott, Gianmarco Cilli, Rick Flom, Douglas Kirby, and Jeff Love. Auxiliary members have included Sir Kyle Lloyd and Gretchen Lohse. ... more
Streaming and Download help


text:
I have a Samsung Galaxy S2 smartphone and I can't charge the mobile for last two days. When the mobile shows 'Battery low' alert two days before, I tried to plug-in the Samsung charger but the mobile indicates 'Not charging' sign. I tried to charge the battery by connecting to the charger which is plugged in the plug point and via the USB port of my laptop and I have even tried the multi-charger but nothing works. So, now where is the fault? I don't have any other secondary battery for checking and will buying the new battery works?
The USB charger port of the mobile might have broken and thus the problem occurs. Did you try to move the charger pin up and down while plugged in? Sometimes this may help but don't break it fully. You must take your phone to the local mobile shop to fix the problem. The experts will replace your USB charger port easily and the cost of replacement will also usually low


text:
I am very skinny and i never had a girlfriend, its probably cause of my confidence issues. My mom thinks i am gay cause i never had a female friend or a girlfriend, i hate it when she asks me every time
"are you gay?"
Every time she asks me that i get angry, how can she ask a son a question like that my mom thinks i am gay how embarrassing... i was so frustrated so i decided to get away from all of these stuff. I always wanted to go to Paris i always liked french girls so thats why i decided to go. And here i was on a plane sitting to a very beatfiul hot muscled black guy, i could not stop admiring his body. So that got me thinking, when i was young i had a thing for tall black guys, i remember when i found a male workout magazine that was full of half naked men i didn't understand it then but every time i would look at it i would get a hard on so i decided to masterbate to it...i kept turning pages while i jerked my dick until i found a hot muscled black guy lifting weights i kept jerking of until i cumed it felt amazing and nothing ever like straight material... so
after some time i got curios again and opened the magazine again and ofcourse my main page was the black guy, since i didnt really understand what it meant to be gay then so i took the role of a women when fantasying i would fantasy about being on my knees and sucking a huge black cock, i would even simulate it, i would be on my knees and i would simulate a blowjob by putting a large object in my mouth, fantasying that it was a black juicy cock. the orgsams felt amazing everytime i would try something new, i would fantasise that i am in the shower with a guy being pounded in the ass like a girl, or having sex in public . i even started inserting objects into my ass and it was amazing. I did this for 4 years non stop for a while i forgot about women guys just intrested me then.... thats until my mom threw away the magazine then slowly i lost intrest and came back to straight porn even watched lesbian a lot. And here i was with a hot black guy sitting next to me.
"Whats your name? friend." i asked him.
"Ben, how about yours?"
"Nikola, nice to meet you. How did you get such good body? you look amazing?"
" Thanks, Don't ask i work out a lot, well i used to before i broke up with my boyfriend btw you look really nice i like skinny shy guys "
i was stunned by his words. i could not believe such a good looking guy was gay i started blushing...
"B-Boyfriend?" I asked him nerviously.
"Yes Nikola i am gay. why are you blushing? you're gay to?" *winks*
"N....n...no" i was unable to speak normally so i just turned away and closed my eyes.
eventually i fell asleep... a loud bang sound woke me up and the loud screaming noises around me i woke up and Ben was looking at me an in that moment we hit the water and i blacked out, next thing i knew i woke up on the island coughing up water and Ben sitting on me without his shirt he was just in a tight briefs i could see all his abs and muscles, he is hotter then i thought, i needed to ask him what heppend.
"W-what heppend Ben? what are you doing?
"I gave you mouth to mouth, the plane crashed we are thats left, sorry about my briefs my penis is kinda sticking out"
when he said that i blushed and felt really weird a first time my mouth touched someones elses and it was a guy... i didnt know what to feel but i knew i was glad i was alive.. i looked at his briefs and i was stunned on how his cock was it was about 7 inches and it was not even erect from what i could see it looked like a fat big cock. For a moment i felt a incredible urge to remove his briefs and see how his cock looks like, how it feels, how it feels in mouth was shocked by my craving. The sight of the cock gave me an instant hardon and i was he saw it but didin't say anything about it, i guess now he thinks i am gay to... i had to ask him whats next
"so what do we do now Ben?
"we have some food dont worry for few days u cannot move ill take care of you
he opened the box and in the box there were some sandwiches i was suprised he wanted me to eat out of his hands i didnt mind it so i did... and all of the sudden little of the mayonnaise fell on my cheek i was just about to wipe it but then Ben closed in and licked it slowly down to my lips i was shocked
"what what what" i reacted.
"u like it?" Ben smiled.
i didnt know what to say i liked it and hated it in the same time but then all of the sudden he took alot of mayonnaise in his hands put it alot of my lips and said
i guees u need cleaning there too kisses me harder
mhmmm.. kisses him back a little
"do you like it Nikola mm" gets inside the mouth
"N....y....nn..mmmhmm" kisses back with the tounge
my dick was hard as a rock i didnt know if i wanted him to stop or to never stop one thing certian it felt really good kissing Ben....then ben asked me again
"are you gay Nikola come on?
"N-nno i a-am n,,,not g...gay..." feels extremely turned on and shy.
ben stops kissing me slowly backs of his tongue slowly sliding out of my mouth using his tongue one more time to lick my lips and says
"i think you are gay and a big one, think about it" winks at me.
few days passed with nothing happening really we have supplies to last us a few days... ben had been hunting into the woods hes a good hunter, smart and strong... one night it was so cold i could not sleep , ben saw i was shaking like crazy so he asked me to come and snuggle with him its the only way to keep warm i had no choice so we hugged each other and immediately i felt my self getting aroused my penis started to touch his huge cock but i went to sleep cause i was to a shamed. when i woke up it was sun but there was no ben.
"ben where are you!
as i searched i saw a beautiful lake near as i came closer i saw Bens briefs next to the lake as i looked closely i saw Ben in the lake bathing i hid myself i was curios so i watched him... but the more i watched him i got more and more turned on, my hand moved on its own grabbed my penis and started jerking of...
"ahh i want his cock ahhh in mmm my mmmmm mouth"
" look at ahhhh his abs i want to feel ahmmmm them how hard they are mmmmmhhhmmmm" pleasue intesifies
"i want him inside me ahh i want to feel ahhhh his fat black hmmmm cock in my tight rectum ahhhhhhhhhhhhh"
"ben imm going to cum ahhhh i want you ben AhhhAHH AH"
Just when i was going to cum Ben hears a moan and turns around and sees me jerking of looking at him.. confused i run to the camp fire in my throbbing hard on... after 2 minutes Ben comes back and sits next to me.
"so what was that
you jerking of to me?
dont lie to me
good... good... what were you thinking about?
y...you... your.............c.......c......COCK!
Ben tells me to kneel on both of my knees... i do it
so tell me are you gay?
ben pulls down his briefs in that instant my jaw opened like my mouth programmed for this kind of stuff i moved closer to smell it i was overhelmed how it was bigger then i thought
come on suck it gay! Ben pulls my head to choke on his dick
the huge cockhead in my mouth, It was sopping wet with precum. I pulled the foreskin back and the huge head slipped into my mouth. It was just the most amazing cock! my hand moved down his rock-hard abs his cock was throbbing and quivering in my mouth loved every second of it
"How much you want this cock you bitch? ahhhh"
"a lot please! please mmmoree!!!! mmmmm"
"ammmmm mmmhmhm"
"i sucked and gagged on it like there was no tomorrow i wanted it more i wanted it inside me i wanted to be gay!"
what are you?! BEN pulls aways my head from the black cock
ahhhh MHMMM00i am gay!
open your mouth! tongue out!
i opened my mouth and let my tongue, Ben slaps his cock on my tongue! so fuucking hot! and quickly pulls my head back on the cock
"mmhmmm b-been i ahhh wanttt you hmmhmhm to fuck me!"
ben quickly pulls out his cock but i quickly gather all the saliva that are dripping from my mouth so i can svalow everyting
"I AM YOUR GAY BITCH FUCK ME PLEASE! I WANT YOUR COCK AHHH" turns around
Ben grabbed both of my hands and handcuffed me with his right hand his left hand was in my mouth
"are you going to fuck me good please mmmmm??"
"you bet i will! my bitch! this i s why i love skiny weak guys they are so
hot to fuck and vulnerable!"
big thick cock and aimed it at my hole. The big head was slipping in and stretched me ... ahhh! Oh fuck! What a sensation to be penetrated with a nice big black cock!
"AHHHH FUCK ME AHHH HARDER! please i love your juicy hot hard cock
it fuffils me so much"
felt his cock growing even bigger and harder. He was groaning and was fucking me fast and deep.
now he started fucking me with long deep thrusts
I groaned and held my breath as cockhead slid over my prostate I felt the precum and a little cum being squeezed from my piss slit. Ahhhh! Oh godd! It was so nice! Yes! Oh fuck yes!
"i am going to cum nikola in your ass! ahhhhh"
ushing his cock deep into me and was spasming. He held his cock deep inside me and shuddered
"Oh fuck! I'm going to cumm! Oh fuck! Ah! Ah! Ah! Hnnnngghhhhnnngghh! Ahhhhh! Oh IM CUMMING AHHHHHH"
Ben cumed in my ass filling me up and finally satasfying me i didnt want to cum i just wanted to suck cock and be filled in with cum in my hole but Ben kept going and going my legs begun to shake from all the pounding, cum that was in me started to drip on my leg to the ground
as i cumed ben let me go, i fell on my knees my legs were shaking vigerosly still just as i cumed ben saw a rescue boat!
"look gay! there is rescue boat!"
"WHAT?! Nooo!"
"ill give you 2 options Nikola if you want to go we can go but you will never be allowed to be gay... but if we stay here we can have gay sex all the time make love and no one will ever hating for being gay..."
"i want to stay here!"
"then lets go in the lake "
ben and me go to the lake start love kissing.. i get penetrated again by the cock we make love in the lake and the boat leaves and we are forever stranded and gay on the island. <3


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UAE defeated Nepal by 6 wickets with 9 balls remaining at Tribhuvan University Ground today, despite delay in the match due to crowd interruption.
Winning the toss, Nepal elected to bat first. But as usual, batting collapse made Nepal to stand a low total of 96 runs losing 9 wickets in their 20 overs.
Nepali openers Anil Mandal and Subash Khakurel once again failed to give the start which was much needed for the team today. They tried to put on 19 runs but an unfortunate runout of Anil Mandal(5 runs) put Nepal on the backfoot. Silva then clean bowled the other opener Subash Khakurel for 14 runs.
Mehboob Alam scored a brisk 17 runs with 2 fours and 1 six while second highest scorer for Nepal was UAE's extras. Subash Khakurel, Binod Bhandari each contributed 14 runs. Prithu held the innings for a while but couldn't continue as he went out adding 10 runs (19 balls) on the board. Seven batsmen were unable to convert their single digit score to double and Gyanendra Malla went for a duck. Nepal played its all quota and managed to score 95 runs losing 9 wickets.
Man of the Match, Ahmed Raza took 3-12 in his 4 overs to restrict the home team. Similarly, EHSN Silva and R Mustafa took 2 wickets each for UAE.
During the chase, Opener Amjad Ali was dismissed by Bhattarai for 5 runs but Nepal then allowed the pressure on themselves. 4 catches were dropped and runout chances went begging. Shaiman Anwar, 33 runs (33 balls) top scored for UAE team played his part and was caught by Sanjam off Bhattarai's bowling.
Vikrant Shetty (10) and wicketkeeper Abdul Rehman (19) remained not out and took the game away from Nepal.
Despite Amrit Bhattrai's three wickets for Nepal, UAE managed to win easily at 18.2 overs.
At 14.1 overs, an overthrow cost Nepal 5 extra runs (2 runs and 4 overthrows) and the next ball, it was punished for four at the thirdman region, then the defeat for home team was on the card. At 15 over mark, UAE were 80/4 and were near to the victory. Then, a repeat of Nepal v USA in WCL DIV 5 was seen at the ground. The crowd couldnot see the national team loosing and started to throw bottles & stones at the ground and the match was stopped for a while.
Minor injuries to Policemen's and security personal were heard but yet not confirmed by CAN.
Play then resumed after 15 minutes, Paras gave 5 runs while Amrit in his last over gave away 6 runs. At 18.1 overs, another catch was dropped off Anil and Vikrant Shetty, Man of the match of previous game against Kuwait secured the victory by hitting a four.
Cricnepal Report


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Vera Wymore
Vera Wymore
October 5, 1926 – January 29, 2017
Oskaloosa, Iowa | Age 90
Vera Wymore, 90, of Oskaloosa, died Sunday, January 29, 2017, at Crystal Heights Care Center in Oskaloosa. She was born October 5, 1926, in Mahaska County the daughter of Elmer Clifford and Lola Belle Harvey Batey.
Vera graduated from Lacey High School with the class of 1945. Following graduation Vera worked as a Candy Striper at the hospital in Oskaloosa. On October 28, 1947, she was united in marriage to Gordon Wymore at Lancaster, Missouri. Gordon died May 4, 2016.
Following their marriage, Vera went to work at Betty Gay's Clothing Store in Oskaloosa. She then took a break from the working world to care for her family and home. She later worked for Kid's Carousel in Oskaloosa, retiring from there in the mid 1990's.
Vera was a member of King's Daughters in Oskaloosa. Vera was very talented at doing ceramics. She owned Vera's Ceramics and sold her projects at craft shows all over Iowa. She also enjoyed caring for her grandchildren.
Her family includes her two children: Sally Van Zee of Oskaloosa and Michael (& Jeanice) Wymore of Oskaloosa; four grandchildren: Kara (& Eric) Van Zee-Arnold, Ben Wymore, Anna (& R.J.) Knox, and Kelly (& Ryan) Miller; six great grandchildren: Abby Drost, Presley Arnold, Claire Arnold, Addison and Henry Knox, and Houston and Zoey Miller.
In addition to her husband Gordon, Vera was preceded in death by her parents; her sister, Rillamae Allen; and four brothers: Curtis, Mervin, Merrill, and Cecil Batey.
Funeral services will be held Friday, February 3, 2017, at 10:30 a.m. in the Bates Funeral Chapel with Reverend Rodney DeRonde officiating.
Burial will be in the Forest Cemetery in Oskaloosa. The Bates Funeral Chapel is in charge of the arrangements.
Visitation will begin Thursday after 11 a.m. in the Bates Funeral Chapel and the family will be at the funeral chapel from 6-8 Thursday evening to greet friends and relatives.
Memorials may be made to Crystal Heights Activity Fund.


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Unsealed: Alien Files
UFO Photos
Season 4 Episode 11
Photographic evidence of Unidentified Flying Objects helped usher in the modern UFO phenomenon. As the world continues to evolve into the digital age, more and more people are capturing images in the sky that they are unable to explain.
- 20 min
- Premiered 07/07/2016


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This is something I see tossed around on GaG a lot (oddly enough, not in the Fashion topic) and decided to see what the consensus was. I hate them with a passion myself, but we'll see how the poll turns out.
Note that this includes all forms of man-buns, such as undercut man-buns, awkward stage man-buns, "true" man-buns (fully grown hair at an even length), etc.
- Hell yes!46%(12)35%(13)Vote9%(1)
- Eww, they look stupid.15%(4)19%(7)Vote27%(3)
- I don't give a shit19%(5)24%(9)Vote36%(4)
- Cut your hair, Jesus12%(3)16%(6)Vote28%(3)
- Man-buns are too mainstream. I prefer man pigtails.8%(2)6%(2)Vote0%(0)
Most Helpful Girl
The trick is to understand the difference.
This can look great on the right guy:
This basically always looks crappy:
Most Helpful Guy
You need a specific look for them in my opinion. Dark hair + a fullish beard. If you're clean shaven or worse, a clean shaven blonde you should avoid it.
Can't stop laughing my ass off at the second guy. He looks like an ugly female child.


text:
Director: Bruno Riccelli
Screenwriter: Bruno Riccelli
Non-Sexual: Miss Gloria Hole
Country: US
Length: 1 hr 35 min
Year: 2002
Studio : Oh Man! Studios
Cast: Marcelo Reeves, Chad Hunt, Diego Alvarez, Carlos Morales, Scott Matthews, Alex Leon, Ty Lattimore, Rick Gonzales, Jared Scott, Scott Parker, Danny Hunter, Mario Ortiz, Taylor Westin
From what we see in Glory Holes of New York, one of the most unexpected responses to the horrific terrorist attacks of September 11th was gay New York's sudden desire to fuck like the world was about to end. After all, many thought it was about to.
After spending time in San Francisco, Chicago and Lalaland, director Riccelli has triumphantly returned East, paying tribute to that crazed period in time where Manhattanites refused to be terrorized, kept a caring eye on their neighbors, and sucked their cocks to prove these affections.
Brazilian studmuffin Reeves tours the city on Gloria Hole's behalf (apparently, "she has been such a busy hooker"), finding the best holes and the cocks that stick through them. And as for the glory holes themselves…
Duration: 1h 34mn 42s 220ms Length: 1.13 GiB
Video: MPEG-4 Visual at 1 350 Kbps, 720 x 544
Audio: ADPCM at 352.8 Kbps, 44.1 KHz
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