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What is your favorite way of researching a new tool purchase? (magazines,internet,friends,etc...)
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Originally posted by jrcard:
What is your favorite way of researching a new tool purchase? (magazines,internet,friends,etc...)
Don's right...I learned the same thing (after I bought the Delta) and sold mine immediately before the trouble started...still haven't bought the Ridgid due to a couple of cancelled jobs, but I'll get it soon....
I use the forums at various woodworking sites including this one for the info and the mags and websties for pics of the tools...until retailers set up usable displays to test tools (kinda like the test drive at your local automall) this is by far the best way to get feedback. (BTW, I really don't expect any tool retailers to do this)...Kelly C. Hanna
Hanna Woodworks
As far as I'm concerned, I use both magazines and the internet, but base the majority of my decisions on information from the net. I use the magazines to put together a list of those items I am interested in checking into a little further and then do my in-depth research on the net. The magazines can give you good basic input, but there is absolutely nothing better than getting information on the various tools directly from folks who have had the opportunity to use them.Bill
- Dec 2000
- 83
Hampton, VA
US Navy (RET)
It's both magazines and the net. I feels you can get the most information from sights that have customer reviews, Your able to get an over all feel for the product. But there too you have weigh the good and the bad. I have noticed on one sight that there is a person who puts down every product he reviews. I own 2 of these products and found them to be to notch. But I like to be able to get my hands on the product and test it out for my self.
[ 11-29-2002, 11:32 PM: Message edited by: danomal ]Dan
 http://community.webshots.com/user/pepaw101
Senior Member
- Dec 2006
- 116
self employed
The net is great for starting but to have actual people inform you of tools is the best for me.Honest word of mouth has worked more than not for me over the years. People who use and abuse the tools really know the tools as compared to a printed out review can tell me. You can hear the tone in words as you cant tell anything in black/white.
Senior Member
- Dec 2006
- 666
Bay Area California
remodeler, cabinet refacer
The net is like a bigger jobsite
When I first started I had a foreman who was a makita man and a coworker who was a dewalt man. Never the twain shall meet. I ended up getting the first dewalt 18v hammer drill recip saw combo and took much flack. The drill lasted like a champ, the first generation cordless recip was pretty crappy (electric drywall cutter) but the point is my foreman tried to prove my dewalt was crap until it outlasted his bluster. He was convinced, probably even to today that yellow tools are crap.
A lot of guys on the jobsite are full of crap about a lot of things, skill with carpentry, skill with women etc. I think it may be a case where people are more likely to put up fronts in person than they would anonymously. It sort of carries over to tool talk too, everybody likes theirs best.
Of course I find the same attitudes on the net as well, but also find thoughtful buyers who are not fanboys to a certain brand, so it is very valuable. I like looking at amazon to see the reviews and this forum is good too. The problem is I end up seeing more tools as I surf that I didn't previously know I needed!A good carpenter makes few mistakes, a great carpenter can fix his own.
It's best to be open to all brands. Each tool company makes a few good tools, some that are so-so and now and then some real (*&^% tools. What counts is to find out which ones are the great tools regardless of brand and buy those. Finding the info takes time, but it's great learning. I've found that in many cases what works for one person may not be the best choice for another. Read up all you can and do ask lots of people about what they have and currently use. Please think about parts and service too.
The Web Is The Best Source Of Info Ever, But Nothing Takes The Place Of Putting Your Hands On The Tool. I Research As Much As I Can And When I Settle On A Tool I Buy It From A Dealer Like Home Depot Or Amazon, Someone That Has A Good Return Policy.
As Soon As I Get It Out Of The Box I Preform Some Accuracy, Performance, And Quality Tests. If The Tool Passes It's Added To My Bag Of Tricks, If Not It Goes Back And I Drop Back And Punt. I Dont Mean To Abuse A Stores Return Policy, But If You Fork Over Big Bucks For A Tool You Should Be Able To Expect To Get A Quality Machine.
My very first point of research for any tool is the manufacturers website. Its very important that the product specifications are kept up to date and must have information as detailed as possible no matter how minute or seemingly insignificant as well as clearly listing accessories included with the tool. It can be frustrating at times to be looking for info on a tool only to not have the specific bit of information you need listed. Second I'll try to google up reviews of the specific tools to see what comes up. Last I'll browse forums such as this to see what people are saying. I'm usually a bit more carefull about reading user reviews because while many are inmensly useful one needs to be careful to understand when the user experience is really relevant. A lot of those reviews can be from people from limited experience with a tool or simply don't have enough experience on other brands to compare them to for it to really be worthwhile. Most people claim to be neutral when it comes to tool choice but the truth is brand loyalty always exists to some degree with everyone. While I have tools of almost every brand I'd be lying if I didn't say my first stops for anything I buy are the Dewalt, Makita, Ridgid, and Bosch sites.
Also forgot to add, one thing thats nice to see are lots of product pictures from different angles. Pictures can really speed up research particularly when you either don't have the option to to see the tool in person or its just a lot of trouble to go and see every single model you're considering at a store. Its nice to clearly see how its designed, where switches are located, etc. There is one thing in particular I like about Dewalt's website and its that they many times have pictures of the tools IN USE. It sounds silly but when you need to research tool types you are not very familiar with, seeing them in action can be a huge help. I can't telly you how many times I'm not sure if a tool can do what I ned it to and seeing it pictured doing just that makes all the difference. An effective tool comarison system is also important. Not so much with Ridgid since their lineups are mostly one tool in each category but for brands that make a bunch of different models for the same job it can be daunting to figure out exactly what is different or better between each model.
I start with good ole Google with a general search to see what is out there.
When I have the sites bookmarked in a folder for that particular tool I review each site looking at the tool specs.
When narrowed down I go to the forums (like this one) to get direct information from those who use them.
I then visit the retailers to view the tools and play with them for a while. I generally nab someone and grill them on their product knowledge. By this time in my research I end up knowing more. I actually sold a brad nailer to a lady just before christmas and I did not even work at the store. I was actually waiting for the guy to serve me and seen this lady in complete confusion. HD owes me one.
Then its back to the internet for price comparisons (local and mail order)
Then its purcahse time
I usually still keep an eye on the market for a couple of weeks after just in case the price drops so I can (hopefully) get a price match.
Pretty detailed . . . but I want to make sure I get what I want an need for my hard earned $$$$.The significant problems we face cannot be solved by the same level of thinking that created them.
Senior Member
- Dec 2006
- 443
It can't be lazy, or you just wouldn't capitalize anything or using other punctuation. It's like you're going out of your way to put an effort into making your post harder to read. Please stop that!


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Trick or Treat – A Halloween Suite for Flutes Download
Our halloween music book, Trick or Treat – A Halloween Suite for Flutes Download is a fun-packed halloween music book suitable for one or two players. It includes 13 spooky duets and solos with special effects, actions and creepy lyrics and also fearsome classical arrangements.
Great for music lessons and playing with friends, entertaining the family and even busking. It is suitable for beginners but some are a little harder so it will be great to play this year and next year. Watch out for wacky slides, squeaks and squawks in the wind books and jittery bows in the string books!
Includes: Witches Round the Cauldron, Trick or Treat, Spooks on the Loose, Dancing Bones, Creeping Up the Stairs, Heavy Footsteps- Monster Dance, Bats and Broomsticks, March to the Scaffold – Berlioz, Ride of the Valkyries – Wagner, The Force of Destiny – Verdi, Toccata and Fugue in D Minor – J.S. Bach, Danse Macabre – Saint-Saens, and The Sorcerer's Apprentice – Dukas.
To order the book, CLICK HERE.
What's inside – Here is the full contents, as well as an easy sample (a duet) and a difficult sample (a solo). Click to enlarge.

subset: commoncrawl


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Hey all you high school Juniors out there! Do you know what's another thing to look forward to, aside from just it being your Senior year — FINALLY!?! Not only do you finally reign over your school but you can also get your Senior photos done!
Yeah, yeah, I'm sure you think "senior photo shoot" are so boring. I mean I can't blame you. Who wants to stand in a studio next to that fake tree like everyone else from your school? Sadly, yes, that's how my senior shoot went. Needless to say, I was left with very boring high school senior photos. In fact, I hated mine so much, I didn't even buy a package. I'm left with just my high school senior yearbook. Hooray… I'm in there a total of 2 times (-_-).
Well enough of that buzzkill, let me introduce you to a new way of taking your senior photos. A whole hour, or more, devoted to just you by David, aka: Kingpin, so that you can remember you high school years not just being as one of the masses from your school, but as the unique you! We're currently looking for Juniors that are about to be Seniors (so all of you "Year 2013" folks… that's you!) to join our Senior Collective. By being a member of this elite group of Seniors allows for you to get better deals on your senior shoots and you can even win another photo shoot, a designer book, and even a FREE TRIP TO LONDON!!
Yes… that's right a photo shoot in London on us. If that's not worth it, I don't know what is. If you're interested, send me an email and ask about our Senior Collective. I'll be sure to shoot you an email back with all the information that you need.
Don't settle for this as your senior picture. Let Real 2 Reel give you that experience that lasts a life time as we capture the real you.


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I'm glad L will try anything I put in front of him; the one time I recall him not liking something it was some kind of stuffed acorn squash that I hated too; I don't remember but the seasoning WAS weird and not very good once all was said and done. It's funny, though, his oldest niece who is 24 and her husband never eat ANY veggies except potatoes, and very little of anything else. They eat
1) hamburgers
2)boneless chicken breast (might have certain brands of bbq sauce or seasonings)
3)mac n' cheese
4)chicken tenders
5)potatoes, but only the brown kind--mashed or french fries
6)cake, any kind
7)ice cream
I can't even think of ANYTHING else those 2 will eat. It is extremely weird to me,and yes, she was 'big' at 18, but now has got to be pushing 350 and he's not far behind. I could not stand to have such a limited menu.
I have found the Truth and it doesn't make sense.
My thoughts exactly. Oh, and I left off that they will eat steak and corn! It's kind of funny, but very sad at the same time, and I am not kidding one bit about the list. She will even come right out and tell you that 'we don't eat anything green...eeeewww"
I have found the Truth and it doesn't make sense.
Now that you mention it, you are exactly right, except that they don't eat hot dogs , because pork is really bad for you.
I have found the Truth and it doesn't make sense.
My cousin's son ate like that for most of his young life.
Chicken fingers, cheese, more cheese, more chicken fingers, etc. Never ate any vegetables.
About a year or 2 ago, he decided to go to WW, lose weight and exercise.
He's lost more than 40 pounds so far.
He's in college now.
To Thine Own Self Be True
All my life, I have felt destiny tugging at my sleeve.~ Thursday Next
I don't want to "go with the flow". The flow just washes you down the drain. I want to fight the flow.- Henry Rollins
All this spiritual talk is great and everything...but at the end of the day, there's nothing like a pair of skinny jeans. - Jillian Michaels
That's rich!
My kid hated hamburgers, hot dogs, grilled cheese. She did eat Mac and cheese and chicken fingers. But when we went out, she wanted shrimp or lobster or something else expensive. She never wanted anything off the kids menu. And she only ate canned green beats and canned corn.
I'm pleased to say now that her tastes have expanded, she has been both a vegetarian and vegan and eats quite a variety of vegetables now.
Que me amat, amet et canem meum
(Who loves me will love my dog also)


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A judge has dismissed felony child cruelty charges against a former Fairfax County special education teacher after a prosecutor failed to disclose evidence to the defense until the evening before the trial.
Jennah Christine Billeter, 34, of Fairfax, was facing a two-count indictment after she allegedly used Clorox wipes to clean two autistic boys, ages 4 and 5 at the time, in her classroom at Deer Park Elementary School in Centreville last year.
Defense Attorney Peter Greenspun moved to have the charges dropped after the Commonwealth Attorney's office made detective's notes from interviews with nine witnesses from Billeter's school available just before 5 p.m. on the day before the trial, according to court records.
Greenspun said in filings the witnesses described Billeter and her teaching methods favorably and they revealed that some of the prosecutor's key witnesses did not like Billeter personally.
"Only hours before the beginning of trial, the Commonwealth has now provided a baseball team of witnesses who show motive and bias against Commonwealth witnesses," Greenspun wrote.
Greenspun declined to comment on the case.
The Supreme Court has ruled prosecutors are required to disclose to defendeants all evidence in their possession that could be exculpatory.
Assistant Commonwealth's Attorney Mark Sullivan, who was handling the case, did not return a call for comment.
The dismissal comes after a Fairfax judge previously dismissed a three-count indictment over the same accusations in July. The judge found the indictment drafted by the Commonwealth Attorney's office used language deemed unconstitutional by the Virginia Supreme Court.
The Commonwealth was allowed to re-file ammended charges.
Billeter came under scrutiny in July 2010 after an a classroom aide accused her of treating one of the boys roughly while trying to calm him during a tantrum, according to court records. The boy was left with scratches on his neck and chest area.
During a probe that followed, a witness said Billeter called one of the kids a "(expletive) retard" and used a Clorox wipe to clean him when he soiled himself, according to court records. The witness also said Billeter used Lysol on the boy.
Billeter was later suspended and then fired. She had been a teacher in Fairfax County schools since 2002.


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IMPORTANT! Some of the information in this post is not correct. I will be updating it soon.
Updated: See section on serving the update.xml file
OK, now that we have MAR files, how do we get them to our users?
Setting Up a Firefox Update Server
A Firefox update server is actually not that complex of a setup. Basically a Firefox update server takes a URL that describes a particular Firefox version, and if there is an update available, it returns an XML file that identifies the location of the update. So let's take a look at this URL.
If you are to go into about:config and search for app.update.url, you would see the following:
When Firefox 184.108.40.206 looks for an upgrade (English on Windows), the URL looks like this:
Most of this URL is self explanatory. The only part we need to explain is BUILD_ID. The build ID of a Firefox is a unique identifer that conveys the exact date down to the hour when a build was created. For the build above, that data is March 9, 2007 at 7:00 PM. You can see the build ID for any Firefox build by type about: in the URL bar. Note that selecting Help->About does not display the complete build ID. If you build a custom version of Firefox, you can see the build ID by looking in the file
mozilla/obj/config/nsBuildID.h. If you see a build ID of 0000000000 in this file, it means that you forgot to set MOZILLA_OFFICIAL and BUILD_OFFICIAL before building.
If we look at the URL that is served, it ends in update.xml. So what do these update.xml files look like? Here's the update.xml to upgrade from Firefox 188.8.131.52 to Firefox 126.96.36.199. (https://aus2.mozilla.org/update/1/Firefox/126.96.36.199/2007021917/WINNT_x86-msvc/en-US/release/update.xml)
<?xml version="1.0"?> <updates> <update type="minor" version="18.104.22.168" extensionVersion="188.8.131.52" buildID="2007030919" detailsURL="http://en-US.www.mozilla.com/en-US/firefox/126.96.36.199/releasenotes/"> <patch type="complete" URL="http://download.mozilla.org/?product=firefox-220.127.116.11-complete&os=win&lang=en-US" hashFunction="SHA1" hashValue="bc64376c13867b5524d71e87f7ad98e727f2d3f4" size="7617299"/> <patch type="partial" URL="http://download.mozilla.org/?product=firefox-126.96.36.199-partial-18.104.22.168&os=win&lang=en-US" hashFunction="SHA1" hashValue="2555dcad94c9bc1c7327cb3699844f633888ea4a" size="270514"/> </update> </updates>
Rather then go into a lot of detail here about this file, I'd rather point you to wiki.mozilla.org which has a great explanation of this file. (Incidentally, the wiki you can lots of other great information about the Software Update process) One thing you might be wondering is how to generate the hashValue. Microsoft has a tool available called FCIV that can be used to generate the hashes.
OK, we know the URL and we have the update.xml file, so how do we serve it to the browser?
Update: as Benjamin Smedberg pointed out, I am doing a lot of work for nothing. mod_rewrite can be used to accomplish this task. Create a file called "noupdate.xml" that contains
<updates></updates>Then put this in a .htaccess file:
RewriteEngine on RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteRule ^(.*) noupdate.xml
What this says is if you find the file, serve it, if you don't, serve the file that represents the empty update.
At first, it looks like we can just setup directories that correspond to the URL, but this won't work since we need to send an XML file that looks like:
<updates> </updates>
If there are no updates available. So I'm going to use a simple PHP file to function as our update server. We'll need to do some changes to our web server configuration as well. Note I am using Apache.
First go into httpd.conf and make sure that mod_rewrite is available. Then go into your main web directory and add or edit the file
.htaccess with this:
RewriteEngine on RewriteRule ^/?update/(.*) /update.php/$1 [L]
What this rule says is whenever you see a URL that begins with "update" send it to update.php. The actual update.php file looks like this:
<?php header("Content-type: text/xml"); $url_array=explode("/",$_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"]); $noidea=$url_array[2]; $product=$url_array[3]; $version=$url_array[4]; $build_id=$url_array[5]; $build_target=$url_array[6]; $locale=$url_array[7]; $channel=$url_array[8]; $filename=$url_array[9]; $updatefile = "$noidea/$product/$version/$build_id/$build_target/$locale/$channel/$filename"; //echo "$updatefile"; if (file_exists($updatefile)) { $handle = fopen($updatefile, "r"); $contents = fread($handle, filesize($updatefile)); echo "$contents"; fclose($handle); } else { echo ''; echo ''; } ?>
This PHP simply looks for the presence of an update.xml directory structure specified by the URL and if it is available, it returns it, otherwise it returns
So how do we publish updates then? We simply create an update.xml file and place it in the appropriate subdirectory.
The last step is updating the browser to point to our new update URL. Your first thought might have been to simple update app.update.url in about:config, but that will not work. When app.update.url is queried by Firefox, it always looks for the "default preference" which means that even if a user changes the preference, it won't be used. For testing purposes, you can add a new preference called "app.update.url.override" that will work, but when you go to deploy your updates, you should set app.update.url in an extension like the CCK. That will cause it to become a "default preference."
One more installment to go. I'll try to address some general deployment issues, and if you have questions (any questions), PLEASE let me know.


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Terrence Malick Speaks
Alright, so he may not have directed the film but Noah Baumbach has sole screenwriting credit on the third film in the Madagascar saga. The Greenberg director has helped out on studio films like Tower Heist, but he must have had a good experience on Fantastic Mr. Fox, because he is back for animation seconds here.
The crew went back to Africa last time and now they head to Europe in this incarnation. I actually found the first films to have a fun, off-kilter vibe and Baumbach may be the one to push it a little further here. Directed by Eric Darnell (who gave us the others & Antz), one can see the trailer below via Yahoo for the film featuring voicework by Ben Stiller, Chris Rock, Jada Pinkett Smith, David Schwimmer and Sacha Baron Cohen.
Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted arrives on June 8th, 2012.
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Amanda Gefter, CultureLab editor
(Image: Mark Cornelison)
Neurologist Kevin Nelson explains how the brain slips into a strange state of hybrid consciousness during a near-death experience
How common are near-death experiences (NDEs)?
A 1997 survey reported that 18 million Americans had had one. When my team surveyed people who have had them, we found that some occurred during cardiac arrest but the vast majority were during fainting. Thirty-seven per cent of all Americans will have fainted at one point in their life, so I suspect NDEs are common.
In your book The Spiritual Doorway in the Brain you talk about borderlands of consciousness. What are they and how do they relate to NDEs?
We have three states of consciousness: awake, non-REM sleep and REM sleep. But there aren't absolute dividing lines between them - they can blend with one another, most commonly REM and waking. Twenty to 25 per cent of people at some point experience some kind of blending, a borderland of consciousness. What I have discovered is that the switch in the brainstem that regulates these three states functions differently in people who have had NDEs. These people are more likely to get stuck between the REM state and waking. So it looks like some people are prone to having these kinds of experiences. Interestingly, it tends to run in families.
Does that mean NDEs are a kind of lucid dream?
Lucid dreams are among the closest things we know of to an NDE. They are very similar. Brainwave measurements show that lucid dreaming is a conscious state between REM and waking. During REM consciousness, the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex is turned off. As that's the executive, rational part of the brain, this explains why dreams are so bizarre. But if the dorso-lateral cortex turns on inside a dream, you become aware that you are dreaming. It is like waking up in your dream. When the body is in crisis during an NDE and the brain is slipping from consciousness to unconsciousness, it can get momentarily stuck in a borderland between REM and waking, just like a lucid dream.
But unlike dreams, NDEs tend to feature some specific images, such as seeing a tunnel with a light at the end.
The tunnel actually has nothing to do with the NDE - it's to do with what's happening to your vision. During fainting, for instance, there's a blackout because the eye isn't getting enough blood, so the eye begins to shut down even though the brain is still going. As it shuts down first from the sides and then into the centre, it's like looking through a tunnel.
The light that people tend to see has a few sources. To start with, the eye might only be capable of seeing smudges of light because of the tunnelling and lack of blood flow. Then, as the brain enters REM consciousness, the visual system becomes strongly activated - that's the rapid eye movement that defines REM consciousness. When the visual system is activated, you get light.
People often report having out- of-body experiences during NDEs.
These come about because the temporoparietal region of the brain is turned off, so the brain is no longer able to map the body's position in space. A Swiss researcher named Olaf Blanke was able to use electrodes to turn the temporoparietal region of a woman's brain on and off, making her feel like she was floating up out of her body and then returning. It was like flipping a light switch.
REM consciousness turns the temporoparietal region off, so if you are semi-conscious in a borderland between waking and REM, you can easily have an out- of-body experience. These are extremely common during lucid dreams, narcolepsy, fainting and sleep paralysis - all borderland states. I have never had one, though. I wish I could!
You often hear people claim that
these experiences happened during minutes when they were declared
clinically dead. How could that be?
This is an incredible misconception that has arisen because people use the term "clinical death" when they really mean cardiac arrest. When your heart stops and you lose blood flow, you don't lose consciousness for another 10 seconds and brain damage doesn't occur until 30 minutes after blood flow is reduced by 90 per cent or more. So when experiencing an NDE, you are not dead.
People like to say that these experiences are proof that consciousness can exist outside the brain, like a soul that lives after death. I hope that is true, but it is a matter of faith; there is no evidence for that. People who claim otherwise are using false science to engender false hope and I think that is misleading and ultimately cruel.
Do your findings undermine religious belief?
There's no conflict. I'm interested in how the brain works during spiritual experience, I'll leave the "why" to others. I'm a "big tent" guy. I think a dispassionate, non-judgemental view is important.
Kevin Nelson is a neurophysiologist at the University of Kentucky. His book The Spiritual Doorway in the Brain is published in December in the US by Dutton, and will be published in the UK as The God Impulse by Simon and Schuster in March


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CANBERRA, Australia Australia will issue its first formal apology to its indigenous people next month, the government announced Wednesday, a milestone that could ease tensions with a minority whose mixedblood children were once taken away on the premise that their race was doomed.The Feb. 13 apology to the socalled stolen generations of Aborigines will be the first item of business for the new Parliament, Indigenous Affairs Minister Jenny Macklin said. Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, whose Labor... (continue reading)
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Andrew Baumann
Andrew is a PhD student in the operating systems research group (http://www.disy.cse.unsw.edu.au/) at the University of NSW. He has been using and hacking on open source software for about eight years. His research interests include component- and microkernel-based systems, hot-swapping, and distribution. Projects he has been involved with include K42, the Mungi single-address-space OS, the L4 microkernel, and the Linux Trace Toolkit.
Andrew Baumann is presenting:


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The State Organization Index provides an alphabetical listing of government organizations, including commissions, departments, and bureaus.
Top-requested sites to log in to services provided by the state
The conflict of interest law, Chapter 268A of the General Laws, applies to all municipal employees, whether elected or appointed, full-time or part-time, paid or unpaid. The law, however, creates a category of employees called "special municipal employees" to whom the law in some instances will apply in a less restrictive way.
Questions have been raised as to:
* whether members and employees of agencies that operate independently of city or town governments, whether within the boundaries of a single municipality or as regional agencies, are also covered by the law,
* whether such members and employees may be made "special municipal employees," and
* if so, by whom.
Typical examples of municipal agencies that operate independently of city and town governments are local housing authorities, local water and fire districts and regional school districts. The above questions take on added importance because often members and employees of such authorities or districts have contracts with or hold other appointive positions in the same authority or district. Moreover, members or employees of authorities and districts sometimes also hold positions in other city or town agencies. The propriety of their doing so will turn on whether they are covered by the conflict law and, if so, whether they may be considered "specials."
"Municipal employee" is defined as anyone "performing services for or holding an office, position, employment or membership in a municipal agency." See G.L. c. 268A, § 1(g). "Municipal agency," in turn, is defined as "any department or office of a city or town government and any council, division board, bureau, commission, institution, tribunal or other instrumentality thereof or thereunder." See § 1(f). Given these broad definitions, local housing authorities and local water and fire districts are municipal agencies for purposes of the conflict law, and their members and employees are municipal employees. They perform governmental functions at the municipal level.
The Legislature has explicitly provided that certain agencies that operate independently of city and town governments will be considered municipal agencies for purposes of the conflict of interest law. See, e.g., G.L. c. 121B, § 7 (housing authority is a municipal agency for purposes of the conflict of interest law).
The Ethics Commission has also considered the application of the conflict of interest law to regional entities and their employees. The most common example of a regional entity is a regional school district. In 1992, the Appeals Court affirmed a Commission decision finding that members of a regional school committee are municipal employees for purposes of the conflict of interest law. In doing so, the Court concluded that a regional school committee is an instrumentality of each of the member municipalities. McMann v. State Ethics Commission, 32 Mass. App. Ct. 421, 428 (1992). In other words, for purposes of the conflict of interest law, the Commission will not consider regional districts to be independent of their member municipalities. Therefore, the employees of the regional entity will be municipal employees of each of the municipalities that make up the regional district.
May members and employees of these authorities and districts be designated as "special municipal employees"? Whether a member or employee of an authority or district is classified as a "special" will affect his or her eligibility to hold, and be compensated for, some other position within the supervision of that authority or district or to otherwise contract with the authority or district (or any of the cities and towns that comprise the district).
Section 1(n) of G.L. c. 268A provides that municipal employees are classified as "specials" by the Board of Selectmen or City Council (or Board of Alderman if there is no City Council) in that municipality. Thus, the law gives the appropriate Board of Selectmen or City Council the designating responsibility and makes no distinction as to which agencies might be involved. Simply put, the Selectmen or Council has this authority, regardless of the degree to which the Board or Council supervises the work of the agency. Accordingly, members and employees of an authority or district may be designated as "specials" just as any other municipal employees. In making its decision, the Board of Selectmen or City Council will use the guidelines set out in the statute. That is:
1. the person must either:
a. receive no compensation,
b. work less than 800 hours a year, or
c. occupy a position which "permits personal or private employment during normal working hours."
2. the Board or Council must be consistent, i.e., treat people who hold equivalent positions in the same way.
The Legislature has explicitly answered the question of special municipal employee status with regard to members and employees of local housing authorities. The statute establishing such authorities states that "each member of a [a housing and redevelopment authority] . . .shall be considered a special municipal employee." Additionally, any person who performs professional services on a part-time, intermittent or consultant basis (such as architect, attorney, engineer, planner, etc.) for a housing or redevelopment authority shall also be a special municipal employee. See G.L. c. 121B, § 7. In so doing, the Legislature was careful to point out that the Board of Selectmen, Board of Alderman or City Council was not precluded from making other employees of such authorities "specials."
Similarly, with regard to local fire districts, the Legislature has determined that part-time fire fighters and any person who performs professional services on a part-time, intermittent or consultant basis shall be considered a special municipal employee for purposes of the conflict of interest law. See G.L. c. 48, § 90. As for those employees who are not specified as special municipal employees by statute, the guidelines set out in the definition of "special municipal employee" will be applicable.
With regard to employees of regional entities, the Commission has decided that an employment position or a board position within a regional entity may be designated as a special municipal employee position if so classified by vote of the Board of Selectmen or City Council of all of the member municipalities.
A district or authority employee, whose position is not a "special municipal employee" position, would violate § 20 of G.L. c. 268A if that individual held another position with that same authority or district or any of the municipalities that comprise a district. (1) However, as a special, an employee or member will be eligible for an exemption from § 20 (2) as long as:
1. he or she files with their city or town clerk a statement making full disclosure of the other employment relationship; and
2. the City Council or Board of Selectmen give its approval to having that position.
Here again, the Board of Selectmen or City Council has a crucial role to play. And, here again, it does not matter whether the Board or Council otherwise participates in any aspect of the authority or district. As for regional entities, the above exemption will require approval from the Board of Selectmen or City Council of all of the member cities or towns.
In summary, we provide you with the following examples:
If you are a member or employee of a local housing authority:
1. you are automatically a "special municipal employee" if you are a member, or if you are providing professional services on a part-time, intermittent or consultant basis; otherwise you will not be considered a special unless the City Council or Board of Selectmen designates your position as such; and
2. as a special, you may hold another position with the authority provided your City Council or Board of Selectmen approves, and you file the required disclosure statement with your City or Town Clerk.
If you are a member or employee of a local fire district:
1. you will be considered a special employee if you are a part-time firefighter or if you provide professional services on a part-time, intermittent or consultant basis; and
2. if you are a special, you may hold another position with the district provided:
a. you file the required disclosure statement with the district clerk, and
b. the district prudential committee approves.3
If you are a member or employee of a regional school district:
1. you are not a "special municipal employee" unless the City Council or Board of Selectmen of all of the member municipalities designates your position as such; and
2. if so designated, you may hold another position or contract with the district provided:
a. you file the required disclosure with the school district clerk, and
b. the City Council or Board of Selectmen of all of the member municipalities approves. (4)
This advisory does not attempt to explain all the provisions of the conflict law applicable to "special municipal employees." You are advised to call the State Ethics Commission's Legal Division if you seek to contract with or be employed by a municipal agency in addition to your position with an authority or district.
This Advisory is intended to summarize the State Ethics Commission's advice concerning compliance with the conflict of interest law and is informational in nature. It is not a substitute for advice specific to a particular situation, nor does it mention every aspect of the law that may apply in a particular situation. Public employees can obtain free, confidential advice about the conflict of interest law from the Commission's Legal Division by submitting an online request on our website, by calling the Commission at (617) 371-9500 and asking to speak to the Attorney of the Day, or by submitting a written request for advice to the Commission at One Ashburton Place, Room 619, Boston, MA 02108, Attn: Legal Division.
Date Authorized: May 29, 1994
Revised: November 5, 1992
1 If an employee or board member holds a position in another municipal agency of any constituent city or town, the exemption provided in § 20(c) may be applicable. This requires only that a special municipal employee make a written disclosure to the municipal and district clerk.2 Section 20 prohibits a municipal employee from having a financial interest in a contract with his or her city or town. Other employment contracts are included within this prohibition. The § 20(d) exemption outlined above would also be available to members and employees who are specials and who have other kinds of contracts with their authority or district (for example, contracts to provide services, to sell equipment, etc.).3 There are additional restrictions on district boards or authorities concerning their ability to appoint a member to a position under the supervision of that board or commission. See G.L. c.41, § 4A; c. 268A, § 21A.4 If you hold a position with an agency of one of the constituent cities or towns, this approval may not be necessary.


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safty glasses er island sunglasses are much more worth it, hence I am in process of returning them. great finally came today a few days past estimate delivery date but glad there hear now and wife loves them, over the moon... This sunglasses are very beautiful and I would have loved if they actually fit me! The frame is very wide and it falls off my face when I bend forward. It's beyond ajustments, though... also because vertically these su New York best fridge freezer ralph lauren cap n idea how they will look on you - as long as you have a webcam. This review is for the gunmetal framed silver/smoked mirror, polarised lenses. Absolutely flawless quality, excellent glasses. I am extremely pleased with them. I say Ray-Ban I say class; this model definitely caught my eye. If you wonder how these will look on you try their virtual mirror. The recipient was gobsmacked when he tried them on!! Prompt delivery ( 2 days after I placed the order) andKuwait ray ban kids sunglasses best sales .
thing of trying a size on in-shop and then buying cheaper online. I really wanted polarised but didn't appreciate the ˇę170 price tag. I was anxious about buying as typically online fakes are ubiquitous, but I took a risk and it definitely backfired. However quick delivery was and well packaged the product was. It doesn't make up for the quality.
Initially the weight of the unopened package made me question my purchase. Secondly, the silver box appeared to be real or a good copy at least, albeit from a lack of serial numbers, compared to a ralph lauren jackets use 1.3GB for a 30 minute usage. No issues with delivery, arrived on-time.
Would be interested in a pair for cycling in with clear class too but none available for a similar price currently.
They took over 3 weeks to eventually arrive. An email to the seller revealed they had come from China and were held up in a Belgian port.
The construction isn't too sturdy, but they come in a slightly hardened case, which helps.
The controls are easy to use. One switch is on/off, the other is a quick press for a photo and a longer press ray ban avatar I ordered these and I was right to not get my hopes up! They arrived with one lens missing! Awful, just awful!
I have purchased Oakley sunglasses in the past and always found them to be well made and good quality In searching for 'Frogskins' I was dismayed at the huge number of counterfeit products on the web. Some are clearly fake by the price but others are not so obvious. When I found these on Amazon at an amazing pric.


text: [Federal Register: July 21, 1998 (Volume 63, Number 139)] [Notices] [Page 39167-39170] From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov] [DOCID:fr21jy98-110] [[Page 39167]] _______________________________________________________________________ Part III Department of Education _______________________________________________________________________ Special Education--Technical Assistance and Dissemination to Improve Services and Results for Children With Disabilities; Inviting Applications for New Awards for Fiscal Year 1998; Notice [[Page 39168]] DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Special Education--Technical Assistance and Dissemination to Improve Services and Results for Children With Disabilities; Notice Inviting Applications for New Awards for Fiscal Year 1998 SUMMARY: On June 4, 1997, the President signed into law Public Law 105- 17, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997, amending the Individual with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). This notice provides closing dates and other information regarding the transmittal of applications for fiscal year 1998 competitions under one program authorized by IDEA, as amended: Special Education-- Technical Assistance and Dissemination to Improve Services and Results for Children with Disabilities (one priority). This notice supports the National Education Goals by helping to improve results for children with disabilities. Waiver of Rulemaking It is generally the practice of the Secretary to offer interested parties the opportunity to comment on proposed priorities. However, section 661(e)(2) of IDEA makes the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. 553) inapplicable to the priorities in this notice. In order to make awards on a timely basis, the Secretary has decided to publish this priority in final under the authority of section 661(e)(2). General Requirements (a) Projects funded under this notice must make positive efforts to employ and advance in employment qualified individuals with disabilities in project activities (see Section 606 of IDEA); (b) Applicants and grant recipients funded under this notice must involve individuals with disabilities or parents of individuals with disabilities in planning, implementing, and evaluating the projects (see Section 661(f)(1)(A) of IDEA); (c) Projects funded under these priorities must budget for a two- day Project Directors' meeting in Washington, D.C. during each year of the project; and (d) Grant recipients funded under this notice must carry out activities that benefit, directly or indirectly, children with disabilities of all ages (see Section 661(a)(4) of IDEA. Note: The Department of Education is not bound by any estimates in this notice. Special Education--Technical Assistance and Dissemination To Improve Services and Results for Children With Disabilities Purpose of Program: The purpose of this program is to provide technical assistance and information through such mechanisms as institutes, regional resource centers, clearinghouses and programs that support States and local entities in building capacity, to improve early intervention, educational, and transitional services and results for children with disabilities and their families, and address systemic-change goals and priorities. Eligible Applicants: State and local educational agencies; institutions of higher education; other public agencies; private nonprofit organizations; outlying areas; freely associated States; Indian tribes or tribal organizations; and for-profit organizations. Applicable Regulations: (a) The Education Department General Administrative Regulations (EDGAR) in 34 CFR parts 74, 75, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82, 85, and 86; and (b) The selection criteria included in regulations for this program in 34 CFR 320.30. Note: The regulations in 34 CFR part 86 apply to institutions of higher education only. Priority: Under section 685 of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and 34 CFR 75.105(c)(3), the Secretary gives an absolute preference to applications that meet the following priority. The Secretary funds under this competitions only those applications that meet this absolute priority: Absolute Priority--National Clearinghouse on Careers and Professions Related to Early Intervention and Education for Children With Disabilities (84.326P) Background During the last ten years, significant changes have had an impact on professional development programs. The characteristics of children with disabilities have changed and in many ways have become more complex. Today, there are more children who have entered life with marked disabilities, who are expected to continue to thrive, and who require interdisciplinary approaches that provide them with essential support. Additionally, the cultural and linguistic characteristics of the student population have changed significantly. In order for educational programs to be effective, the Nation's schools need a work force of educators, related services providers, and early intervention personnels that is more culturally and linguistically diverse than in the past. Professional development programs have significantly changed as well, through new developments in assistive technology, changes in financial support for students entering special education fields, and, in particular, changes in Federal legislation. The IDEA Amendments of 1997 direct the Secretary to provide technical assistance through clearinghouses and other means in order to build capacity for improving early intervention, education, and transition services and results for children with disabilities, and their families. The National Clearinghouse on Careers and Professions Related to Early Intervention and Education for Children with Disabilities supported through this priority will be responsible for identifying and responding to exigent issues, emerging trends, and strategies for ensuring an adequate supply of qualified professionals and paraprofessionals available to meet the needs of children with disabilities. It is essential that the Clearinghouse establishes and maintains varied paths for the dissemination of a wide array of critical information, and provides information to a broad base of individuals, including students, parents, administrators, and researchers. It is also necessary for the Clearinghouse to coordinate its services with individuals and professional organizations and disseminate comprehensive materials related to the recruitment, preparation and effectiveness of professionals and paraprofessionals who provide services to children with disabilities and their families. For the purposes of this priority, ``professionals'' include early intervention personnel, special education teachers, general education teachers, adapted physical educators, and related services providers such as psychologists, occupational and physical therapists, orientation and mobility specialists, and speech-language pathologists. ``Paraprofessionals'' include paraeducators, teachers' aides, instructional assistants, occupational and physical therapy assistants, and speech-language pathology assistants. Priority: The Secretary establishes an absolute priority to support a national clearinghouse that works toward ensuring the availability of an adequate number and the high quality of personnel to improve services and results for infants and children with disabilities. In order to accomplish these purposes, the clearinghouse must: (a) Conduct nation-wide, outreach activities to encourage individuals to [[Page 39169]] pursue careers in special education. To accomplish this objective, the clearinghouse must develop, implement and maintain comprehensive and coordinated communication campaigns that: (1) Utilize the full range of media outlets; (2) Reflect cutting edge formats and designs; (3) Are customized in design and communication approach to promote the full range of career opportunities in special education and related services and early intervention services; (4) Are customized in design and communication approach to attract individuals from culturally and economically diverse backgrounds and individuals with disabilities, across varying age levels and professional experiences. (b) Conduct activities that assist State educational agencies (SEAs), local educational agencies (LEAs), institutions of higher education (IHEs), agencies that administer the Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities program under IDEA, and other appropriate entities in improving the quality of professionals and paraprofessionals who serve children with disabilities, including children with limited English proficiency and children from culturally diverse backgrounds. To accomplish this objective, the clearinghouse must: (1) Collect, synthesize, and disseminate information on emerging approaches to professional preparation and career development for special education, related service, and early intervention personnel; (2) Collect and disseminate information on current national, State, and professional standards, competencies, dual certifications, and reciprocity agreements applied by States and professional organizations to the credentialing or licensing of professional and paraprofessional personnel; (3) Identify and disseminate information on effective strategies, through collaboration with appropriate entities, to identify and promote the credentialing of current early intervention, education, transition, and related services personnel who are lacking permanent certification or license; (4) Develop and disseminate, through collaboration with appropriate entities, guidelines for instituting standards or certifications for paraprofessionals, where such standards do not exist; and (5) Develop and disseminate periodic highlights or reviews of pressing issues, trends, and emerging research regarding professional development programs for special education, related service, and early intervention personnel. (c) Conduct activities that would promote an adequate supply of qualified professionals and paraprofessionals who serve children with disabilities. To accomplish this objective, the clearinghouse must: (1) Collect and disseminate information on the ongoing and emerging areas of personnel needs identified by States, LEAs, and other entities; (2) Collect and disseminate information on the availability of qualified service providers, including those from traditionally underrepresented populations (e.g., persons from culturally or linguistically diverse backgrounds, and persons with disabilities); (3) Collect and disseminate information on preservice professional development programs that prepare both professionals and paraprofessionals, including programs that provide special education preparation for general educators. At a minimum, this information must include, for each program: the areas of preparation and their academic level, the program head or chair, telephone, e-mail, FAX, mailing address and web address, if available, the number of full or part time faculty, tuition costs, and the availability of stipends or scholarships. Programs that receive Federal support for students should be identified with the source of those funds, particularly if from the Office of Special Education Programs or other offices in the U.S. Department of Education. Preservice professional development programs that provide specific services for students with disabilities, and the description of those services, must also be included. The Clearinghouse is also encouraged to collect information on the numbers of students enrolled, and graduating from, each of the identified programs; (4) Arrange with producers of scholarship publications to include in such publications information on scholarship opportunities available through OSEP-supported professional development programs; and (5) Identify, synthesize, and disseminate information on effective strategies used to recruit and retain both professionals and paraprofessionals who provide services to children with disabilities. Effective strategies should be identified for use by States, LEAs, and IHEs. Special emphasis should be placed on identifying recruitment and retention strategies and materials that have been particularly effective in urban and rural settings, and with traditionally under- represented populations (e.g., minorities and persons with disabilities). (d) In order to satisfy the objectives in paragraphs (a), (b), and (c), the clearinghouse must also: (1) Conduct timely updates of all information and data bases to ensure that information disseminated is accurate and current; (2) Establish advisory groups to provide recommendations to the clearinghouse relative to the activities or products described above and to ensure that all constituency needs are met; (3) Employ multiple dissemination mechanisms and approaches, including the establishment and maintenance of a user-friendly web site that permits the downloading of all clearinghouse information bases and incorporates hotlinks to available training programs and other relevant information sources; and (4) Establish and implement a comprehensive system of evaluation to determine the impact of the clearinghouse activities. Evaluations should be conducted at least annually, identify strategies for improvement, and include relevant achievements. Under this priority, the Secretary will make one award for a cooperative agreement with a project period of up to 60 months subject to the requirements of 34 CFR 75.253(a) for continuation awards. In determining whether to continue the clearinghouse for the fourth and fifth years of the project period, the Secretary, in addition to the requirements of 34 CFR 75.253(a) will consider: (a) The recommendation of a review team consisting of three experts selected by the Secretary. The team's review, including a two-day site visit to the clearinghouse, is to be conducted during the last half of the project's second year. Costs associated with the services to be performed by the review team must also be included in the clearinghouse budget for year two. These costs are estimated to be approximately $4,000; and (b) The timeliness and effectiveness with which all requirements of the negotiated cooperative agreement have been or are being met by the clearinghouse. Project Period: Up to 60 months. Maximum Award: The Secretary rejects and does not consider an application that proposes a budget exceeding $700,000 for any single budget period of twelve months. The Secretary may change the maximum amount through a notice published in the Federal Register. Page Limits: Part III of the application, the application narrative, is where an [[Page 39170]] applicant addresses the selection criteria that are used by reviewers in evaluating the application. An applicant must limit Part III to the equivalent of no more than 70 double-spaced pages, using the following standards: (1) A ``page'' is 8\1/2\'' x 11'' (on one side only) with one-inch margins (top, bottom, and sides). (2) All text in the application narrative, including titles, headings, footnotes, quotations, references, and captions, as well as all text in charts, tables, figures, and graphs, must be double-spaced (no more than 3 lines per vertical inch). If using a proportional computer font, use no smaller than a 12-point font, and an average character density no greater than 18 characters per inch. If using a nonproportional font or a typewriter, do not use more than 12 characters to the inch. The page limit does not apply to Part I--the cover sheet; Part II-- the budget section (including the narrative budget justification); Part IV--the assurances and certifications; or the one-page abstract, resumes, bibliography, and letters of support. However, all of the application narrative must be included in Part III. If an application narrative uses a smaller print size, spacing, or margin that would make the narrative exceed the equivalent of the page limit, the application will not be considered for funding. For Applications and General Information Contact: Requests for applications and general information should be addressed to the Grants and Contracts Services Team, 600 Independence Avenue, S.W., room 3317, Switzer Building, Washington, D.C. 20202-2641. The preferred method for requesting information is to FAX your request to: (202) 205-8717. Telephone: (202) 260-9182. Individuals who use a telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD) may call the TDD number: (202) 205-8953. Individuals with disabilities may obtain a copy of this notice or the application packages referred to in this notice in an alternate format (e.g. Braille, large print, audiotape, or computer diskette) by contacting the Department as listed above. However, the Department is not able to reproduce in an alternate format the standard forms included in the application package. Intergovernmental Review: This program is subject to the requirements of Executive Order 12372 and the regulations in 34 CFR Part 79. The objective of the Executive order is to foster an intergovernmental partnership and a strengthened federalism by relying on processes developed by State and local governments for coordination and review of proposed Federal financial assistance. In accordance with the order, this document is intended to provide early notification of the Department's specific plans and actions for those programs. Individuals With Disabilities Education Act Application Notice for Fiscal Year 1998 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Application Deadline for Maximum Estimated CFDA No. and name Applications deadline intergovernmental award (per Page limit number of available date review year) * ** awards -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 84.326P National Clearinghouse on Careers and Professions Related to Early Intervention and Education for Children with Disabilities.................................................. 7/24/98 8/24/98 9/22/98 $700,000 70 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * The Secretary rejects and does not consider an application that proposes a budget exceeding the amount listed for each priority for any single budget period of 12 months. ** Applicants must limit the Application Narrative, Part III of the Application, to the page limits noted above. Please refer to the ``Page Limit'' section of this notice for the specific requirements. The Secretary rejects and does not consider an application that does not adhere to this requirement. Electronic Access to This Document: Anyone may view this document, as well as all other Department of Education documents published in the Federal Register, in text or portable document format (pdf) on the World Wide Web at either of the following sites: http://ocfo.ed.gov/fedreg.htm http://www.ed.gov/news.html To use the pdf you must have the Adobe Acrobat Reader Program with Search, which is available free at either of the previous sites. If you have questions about using the pdf, call the U.S. Government Printing Office at (202) 512-1530 or, toll free at 1-888-293-6498. Anyone may also view these documents in text copy only on an electronic bulletin board of the Department. Telephone: (202) 219-1511 or, toll free, 1-800-222-4922. The documents are located under Option G--Files/Announcements, Bulletins, and Press Releases. Note: The official version of a document is the document published in the Federal Register. Dated: July 14, 1998. Judith E. Heumann, Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services. [FR Doc. 98-19342 Filed 7-20-98; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4000-01-P


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Purchasing Coffee Makers Online
Coffee makers are widely available in local store such as K-mart or Target. However nowadays you can certainly find them in several retailers online. There are lots of sites on the internet that specialise in marketing coffee makers. Selling prices of coffee makers online differs from one store to another. Right now there are some merchants that offers less expensive price than other store. Additionally, there are overstock websites, discount store sites, as well as auction websites you can browse around before making a decision.
When purchasing a coffee machine as well as other items over the Internet, you would want to make sure you're dealing with a reputable company before you give your credit card information. Be sure you understand the companies procedures, their shipping details and return policy. A customer feedback or knowing someone who used the website is definitely a huge plus. One popular company that sells coffee makers online is buy.com which also provides free shipping to some of the products.
Types of Coffee makers
Some coffee makers merchant online will provide you with a gift along with your order. It could be a free sample of their coffee or perhaps a subscription to a coffee of the month club. Coffee makers bundled with gourmet coffee makes wonderful gifts for friends and family on any occasion especially during chilly time of year. When purchasing coffee makers online make sure you know the various types of coffee makers; for example if you are alone you might want to purchase the pod coffee makers. The drip coffee makers are excellent for serving the entire family and guests or get-together party or even just yourself. Do you love esspresso? Then you might want to choose esspresso coffee makers instead.
Coffee Maker Brands
Some of the most popular coffee makers brands are: Cuisinart, Krups, Keurig, Mr. Coffee, Capresso, D'Longhi, Kitchen Aid, Tassimo, Breville, Hamilton Beach and more.
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One Direction's Niall Horan arrived at Dublin's airport Monday, where he was (obviously) greeted by tons of fans. I could only imagine the excitement and fan-girling going on amongst all the girls, but maybe Niall's comment went a little too far.
As he passed through the group of girls he said to them: "Remember the last time I walked out here? You shower of c**ts!" Wait, did we hear that right? Celebs, let alone anyone these days should know that pretty much everyone owns a camera phone that can easily capture the moment. Being a teen heartthrob, millions of girls look up to you and can take anything you say completely literal. After Niall's comment, he seemed to be completely cheerful, happily wishing one of the girls a happy birthday on camera, followed by a thumbs up!
It wasn't long before the video went viral and there was mixed feelings all over Twitter. Niall tweeted: "really sorry if I caused any offence. It was just banter with fans who I think of more as mates." He also said in another tweet: "but I understand that it's not a word I should be using at all."
We want to hear from you directioners, do you take offence to Niall's comment or do you think it was out of humour from a slang term?
Watch here:


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Programmer, fashion enthusiast launches design-your-own clothing site
Published 12:00 am, Monday, September 28, 2015
Months or years in the making—depending on whether one counts a startup's launch from the moment of inspiration or perspiration—the founder of Tree's Clothing has launched a website that allows women to design their own clothes using online templates, which are then made to order by local seamstresses.
Founder Tree McDermott entered the idea last April at a startup weekend at the Stamford Innovation Center, partnering with Christine Abbate to stitch together a business plan and present it to a panel of judges. On Sept. 21, Tree's Clothing debuted online and on the Kickstarter crowdfunding site with a campaign to raise $5,000 to fund early costs.
Each piece, or outfit, as the case may be, comes with a "birth certificate" listing the customer-designer, that individual's hometown and the seamstress who brought the creation to life.
"They're unique," McDermott said. "It's a piece of art that reflects their ideas."
A career website and applications programmer, McDermott to date has funded Tree's Clothing out of her own savings, finding a local designer in Westport named Alissa Jane who helped her pull together design concepts into transferable templates. She also received advice from fashion designer Chandni Thawani, founder of Stamford-based Chaandu; as well as advisors at the Stamford Innovation Center and Fairfield County SCORE in Norwalk.
Peter Propp, chief marketing officer at the Stamford Innovation Center, first met McDermott two years ago when she started attending entrepreneurship "how-to" workshops.
"The thought in the back of my head was that ... if she could get the design right and the brand right, she would have such a leg up because she's a coder," Propp said. "That's one of the hardest parts, getting that part together—and she can do that for free."
Tree's Clothing ended up losing the top prize at April's startup event to SlipShare, whose founders envisioned an app to help boaters find slips or moorings in harbors they visit while on cruises. As was the case with SlipShare, which discovered that Rhode Island company was offering a similar service, Tree's Clothing is not the first to explore its online niche—a Portland, Ore. company called Olivia Luca offers a sophisticated dress design website, and another called eShakti lets women choose from a large collection of trendy dress styles, then allowing them a high degree of customization to come up with their own uniquely tailored outfit.
The Tree's Clothing website allows women to work with digital fabrics and an avatar to design outfits, with the ability to choose fabrics, colors and styles. Delivery times range from two to six weeks.
Given the custom-designed nature of the clothes, returns are not allowed, but adjustments can be made if a fit is not correct or to fix a sewing flaw. At present, Tree's Clothing has two seamstresses on retainer in Fairfield County, and is soliciting others, as well as fashion designers, textile experts, and artists.
To be profitable, McDermott estimates the company would have to sell 25 outfits a week. She has made Tree's Clothing her full-time job, while also spending time volunteering at the Laurel House Treasure Hunters Thrift Store in Stamford, where she used to live, and as an emergency medical technician in Wilton alongside her husband, after he suffered a near-fatal accident and the couple realized the importance of EMTs in communities.
McDermott hopes to build a company where employees will enjoy a four-day work week, on the belief that it can spur creativity, happiness and ultimately productivity. And with daughters Reina and Aliyah approaching their tween years, McDermott hopes to pique their interest in the company as they get older. Her own inspiration for fashion came after seeing "The Princess Bride" as a girl and trying to duplicate the title character's hand-beaded, embroidered top.
"In 10 years, they're working for me," McDermott said. "That's my goal, to have a mother-daughter store … My hope is to establish something to hand down to them so they don't have to leave the area (to work)."
Kickstarter funding
If the Kickstarter campaign works— fundraisers must hit their stated goal to actually receive the money from donors—Tree's Clothing will build its inventory of fabrics, have samples photographed, and continue building out its website. Depending on the size of their pledge, backers would receive items such as branded flower clip for a $10 contribution, to granting clothing designers permission to market three of their creations on the Tree's Clothing site and getting a cut of commissions for infusions of $1,000 or more.
If Tree's Clothing allows women to create clothing distinctly their own, McDermott wants her company to be one that is distinctly Fairfield County—employing local moms who hope to re-enter careers, offering meaningful internships and create a growing company.
"I really want to keep everything local," McDermott said. "It's really about creating an alternative to off-the-rack styles … I honestly believe that wearing something that you created makes you feel more self confident."
firstname.lastname@example.com; 203-964-2236; www.twitter.com/casoulman


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When the Common Core State Standards were being drafted, many Arizona teachers provided input and feedback which were incorporated into the actual standards that were adopted by 45 states. I know because I was one of them, working alongside other Arizona educators, ultimately helping our state to leave a footprint on the standards themselves.Read More »
From drought to land degradation — UofA focuses on challenges facing an arid environment
Most Arizonans know that our water supply is low. We face this challenge, along with climate extremes, political and policy relationships with other states and the federal government over water, as well as the need to balance our state's natural wonders with effective resource use.Read More »
Retirement system steadily climbing back to financial health
As the chairman of the Public Safety Personnel Retirement System's Board of Trustees — and as a Phoenix firefighter since 1983 — I've watched closely for years as politicians and pundits have "debated" the health of PSPRS and the state's public worker retirement system.Read More »
Lawmakers missed crucial chance to raise liability limits
As a personal injury lawyer with offices in Glendale and Phoenix, my staff and I represent thousands of injured people every year, the majority of whom were injured in car accidents.Read More »
We must stay the course with Arizona's College and Career Ready Standards
I've been implementing Arizona's College and Career Ready standards for three years in my fifth grade classroom. But I'm going to let you in on a secret: it hasn't changed my teaching very much. In fact, the standards finally caught up with what many good educators have been trying to do for a long time –move away from rote memorization and isolated skills and return to creativity and in-depth learning in the classroom.Read More »
Colorado River shortages could occur by 2016 or 2017
Central Arizona Project (CAP) is the primary steward of Arizona's Colorado River water supplies and places paramount importance on the health and sustainability of the river.Read More »
Christian principles: A pastor's view in the aftermath of the SB1062 debate
As an ordained pastor in the United Methodist Church, I was very troubled by SB1062, the so-called "religious freedom bill," and much of the rhetoric surrounding it. While many argued that this bill would have strengthened religious, particularly Christian "freedoms," I believe it sought to do the exact opposite — it would have used religion as a license to discriminate against anyone of one's choosing.Read More »
For many reasons, it's time to get rid of Common Core
Arizonans must reclaim sovereignty over our children's education. SB1310, which would prohibit the implementation of the Common Core standards and test in Arizona, is a good start. Governor Brewer willingly handed over control of our state's education to the Common Core group for 30 pieces of silver offered by the Obama Administration in exchange for changing our state's education policies in 2010.Read More »
Cancer patients deserve the best medical choices
As a young wife and mother, I endured the devastating effects of watching my beloved mother die of cancer. My mom was diagnosed with stomach cancer when I was expecting my second child. I attended her funeral with my 5-month-old baby in my arms.Read More »
Kavanagh bill: An assault on transparency and the people's right to know
For the eighth year in a row, the Legislature has once again introduced a bill to eliminate public notices in newspapers. This bill is an assault on transparency and your right to be notified of important information, all while promoting the growth of government bureaucracy at the expense of local Arizona jobs and businesses.Read More »


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November 12, 2012 — Scientists may have found a way to cripple the ability of the deadly SARS-coronavirus to cause disease in animals. The key lies in actually using the virus' rapid mutation abilities against itself.
The findings by researchers at The University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill and Vanderbilt University were published in the Nov. 12 issue of Nature Medicine.
The study demonstrates that a SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) coronavirus, altered to lack the ability to "proofread" (correct mistakes in replication), begins to mutate much more rapidly and becomes unable to cause disease in mouse models. In effect, the alteration results in a profoundly weakened or attenuated SARS virus. The finding may allow scientists to explore a new option for creating safer live vaccines.
Rapid mutation long has been considered a key to viral adaptation to environmental change. However, in the case of the coronavirus responsible for SARS, the researchers found that accelerating the rate of mutations disables the virus's ability to cause disease in animals.
"We originally thought that the virus might find a way to fix the mutations we engineered or work around them as viruses often do," said Rachel Graham, PhD, postdoctoral research associate in epidemiology at the Gillings School of Global Public Health at UNC, who led the research. "That didn't happen, and in this case, the attenuated viruses replicated well enough and long enough to generate a protective immune response, even in immunocompromised animals, so it works wonderfully as a vaccine in an animal model."
This work may offer reassurance at a critical time. Public attention was recently heightened regarding a novel human coronavirus that sickened at least two with respiratory and kidney disease, killing one in the Middle East. The SARS outbreak in 2002 and 2003 caused 50 percent mortality in older adults. A rapid and effective international response ended the outbreak in just four months. The final tally: 8,422 cases of SARS, resulting in 916 deaths.
The study is the culmination of more than a decade of collaboration between the laboratories of Mark Denison, MD, Craig-Weaver Professor of Pediatrics and professor of pathology, and microbiology and immunology at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, and Ralph Baric, PhD, professor of epidemiology at the Gillings School of Global Public Health at UNC and of microbiology and immunology in the UNC School of Medicine. The researchers' aim is to better understand how coronaviruses, which also cause the common cold, evolve and spread between species.
Denison's lab developed the attenuated SARS virus by disabling a unique exoribonuclease (or ExoN) protein, referred to as a proofreading protein. Previous Vanderbilt studies had shown that disabling ExoN knocks out the virus's ability to correct mistakes, increases mutations twentyfold, and stops its ability to cause disease, at least in the laboratory setting. Graham, formerly a graduate student in Denison's lab, was able to continue the work in animal models as a postdoctoral scientist in Baric's lab.
Coronaviruses are RNA viruses known to have the largest genomes in the RNA viral world. It is now understood that the ExoN proofreading protein allows coronaviruses to maintain their expanded genomes, with many proteins evolved to help them survive and spread. But deactivation of ExoN creates a particularly enticing potential approach to vaccine design.
"Live vaccines in general confer broader and longer-lasting immunity, but the risk of live vaccines is they could potentially revert back to virulence as happened with the live polio vaccine in immunocompromised people," Baric said. "Our evidence is exciting because a more permanently attenuated virus might be safer. We believe that related approaches can be applied to other important human and animal viruses, resulting in safer vaccines."
To test the likelihood of reversion to virulence, researchers allow a virus to grow in a host that lacks immunity. In the current study, even in very young, very old and immunocompromised animals, the virus did not kill and could persist for a long time without showing signs of a return to virulence.
"In contrast to science fiction, where mutations are evil and endanger the world, our studies demonstrate that viruses have evolved to tightly control their mutation rates, and changing that rate is detrimental to virus survival and disease in nature," Denison said. "Since all coronaviruses have the ExoN protein, this method for attenuation could be broadly applicable in coronaviruses."
"If we can't have a vaccine ready to administer that works for all coronaviruses, then we at least have a strategy for fast production of a functional vaccine for any new epidemic coronavirus that might arise," Graham said. "That's a key take-away point of our paper and what makes it so important in the face of current events," Graham said.
UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health contact: David Pesci, director of communications, 919-962-2600 or email@example.com.


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Red Bud
Manor Inn Bed and Breakfast
Eureka Springs, Arkansas
Red Bud Manor Bed and Breakfast Inn
is the perfect place for a small intimate wedding or marriage proposal. The formal parlor and dining room with its keyhole arch doorway provides a beautiful setting for your special day. A Chippendale table and sideboard and other French and English antiques lend a romantic and elegant atmosphere to your ceremony.
Weddings may also be held outside in the Red Bud Manor Gardens with a decorated arbor. Fresh or silk flowers can be added to provide even more elegance.
For a more casual setting you may choose to have your ceremony on the rear deck nestled in the trees or select from many of Eureka Spring's finest locations for your special day.
Simple Yet Elegant Wedding and Honeymoon
Intimate ceremony for the two of you and up to 6 guests
* Choice of setting in formal dining-parlor area or gardens
* Licensed wedding official and ceremony with candlelight and music
* Use of wedding/reception area for 30 minutes
* Bridal bouquet, boutonniere and elegant wedding cake
* Bottle choice of beverage for toasting
* 2-night stay in one of our romantic Jacuzzi rooms
* Healthy sumptuous breakfast each morning
* Printed keepsake copy of your wedding vows
* Elegant wedding cake
$449.00 plus tax
Garden Wedding and Honeymoon
For the two of you
and up to 18 guests in the beautiful Red Bud
Manor Gardens
* 2-night stay in one of our romantic Jacuzzi rooms
* Flowers in room
* Plush micro-fiber robes to relax in during your stay
* Gift certificate to your favorite restaurant
* Healthy sumptuous breakfast each morning
* Bottle choice of beverage for toasting
* Decorated Garden Arbor
* Printed keepsake copy of your wedding vows
* Use of wedding reception area for one hour
* Photographer and personal picture CD
* Hand-tied rose bouquet and matching
* Elegant wedding cake
$749.00 plus tax
Photographer Available for Weddings -$70
Red Bud Manor is pleased to offer the services of an excellent 'amateur' photographer with professional quality equipment and skills. Receive professional quality photos that include a mix of photojournalistic and traditional wedding photos. Price includes up to one hour of photography and a CD of photos to take home with you. The CD and all rights to the pictures becomes yours allowing you to choose the printing service. This service must be scheduled and is dependent on the availability of the photographer.
Wedding Package Policies
Deposit of 50% of package selected is due at time of the reservation. The deposit is non-refundable and non-transferable to other dates/reservations. Balance is due 14 days prior to the event.
In order to provide personal attention and make sure your day is as special as you dreamed Red Bud Manor will not host more than one wedding on a given day. If one of the packages above does not satisfy your plans please ask us how we can personalize one for you.
Arkansas Wedding License Requirements
A valid Arkansas marriage license is required and licenses may be purchased, in person, at the Carroll County Courthouse in downtown Eureka Springs. Both parties must be present and have a valid photo ID and social security card. Licenses are valid for 60 days and cost $60 (exact change required, cash only). For more information contact the County Clerk at 479-253-8646.
Red Bud Manor Inn
Kingshighway, Eureka
Springs, Arkansas 72632
and Rates |
Breakfast |
About the Manor
About the Area
Weddings/Romance |
©2015 Red Bud Manor
Inn all rights
website by
Spider Woman


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Vancouver's EcoDensity initiative strives to reduce environmental footprint of growth
Posted August 4, 2008 at 1:02PM
I'm getting to be a fan of Canadian land use planning. While Canada has sprawl just as the United States does, my country's neighbors (or should I say "neighbours") to the north are less timid about addressing it than most American regions are.
I've already written about the great work in Ontario. Farther west, Vancouver has adopted an "EcoDensity" initiative to engage the city's residents in planning how to absorb growth while maintaining livability and reducing environmental impacts, including carbon emissions. As the name suggests, much of the conversation has involved how to make more intensive use of land for the environmental benefits, but without sacrificing quality of life.
The discussion has been under way for two years, and earlier this summer the city council unanimously approved the basic principles. It also approved two immediate actions: new construction that involves rezoning must include green buildings that meet LEED silver standards or better; and development of two acres or more must include a range of housing types and tenures (no more cookie-cutter development) to further affordability and meet additional sustainability standards.
Under the leadership of former planning director Larry Beasley and current director Brent Toderian, Vancouver has already made progress toward sustainability using EcoDensity principles. The initiative's web site reports:
"Although the city has been growing, there are fewer vehicles entering the city than there were 10 years ago, and average distances being driven by Vancouver registered passenger vehicles were down almost 30% between 1993 and 2002. When density is well-located close to shopping areas and community amenities, more people can travel without a car to obtain goods and services. These non-work trips are the fastest growing types of trips. And, while not everyone can live close to their work, locating more housing close to transit increases the number of work trips that are not by car."
Not all Vancouver residents are on board. Toderian acknowledges that some fear giveaways to developers and more high-rise towers without any additional amenities. [I think, to an extent, that skepticism is healthy. Sustainability should not only mean high-rises, whether in Vancouver or elsewhere, and it absolutely must be accompanied by parks and neighborhood amenities to help make density livable.] But a lot of the city is on board, at least in principle, and wants to help shape the vision.One of the features of Vancouver planning that I especially like is what Toderian calls "gentle, hidden or invisible density" such as row houses, basement suites, or units in alleys ("lanes" in Canadian vocabulary) such as coach houses or rental units above garages (see photo from a development in Florida), that maintain a neighborhood's existing scale. This approach is slated for priority attention by the city council, along with removing any barriers to green building and updating zoning.
There is a lot of great information on the concept, the discussion, and the city's progress on its EcoDensity web site.


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I am not getting a whole lot of sleep lately watching the winter Olympics until the wee hours. All the icy events are cutting into my REM sleep, but "Oh Canada" is worth it.
There's way too much stuff to manage in skiing— skis, boots, hat, poles, gloves and ski pass. It's exhausting.
See and purchase more work from Frederic Larson
Mystical San Francisco Photography book with Herb Caen
Questions about photography? Ask Frederic Larson, a professional photographer


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The Game of Murder (tour – Ilford)
Anne Morley-Priestman • Brighton, Bromley, Bury St Edmunds, Canterbury, Chelmsford, Chichester, Colchester, Eastbourne, Guildford, Ipswich, Newbury, Norwich, Reading, Southampton, Southend, Stevenage, Watford • 6 Nov 2009
WOS Rating:
All the actors take their characters very seriously, though the outstanding performance in Bruce James' production is that of Nick Dutton as Billy, wordless child choking in a frustrated adult's body. You can feel for the way he is both looked after and looked to be used by everyone around him, a double-edged tool in fact. His main manipulator is Mark (Ross Hugill), a frightening drifter whose dream fantasies and belief in reincarnation are ultimately destructive as well as inspirational.
Perry James (Charlie Kemp) is the fulcrum of the drama, a fashionable hairdresser caught between a bitch of an actress wife and her younger, prettier sister whose in the process of turning from decorative kitten into sharp-clawed cat. Gemma Bissix manages the transition very well, which eases Kemp's need to make Perry's journey from a business man more or less in command to everyone's patsy credible. Julia Binns makes Anne into a bitch of the first water, secure in her monetary dominance and thus riding for the most lethal of falls.
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See how decisions about the vice presidential candidates unfold with this video and educational resources from PBS NewsHour from July 11, 2016.
Check out our Daily News Story collection, or find more at PBS NewsHour Extra.
© 2018 PBS & WGBH Educational Foundation. All rights reserved.
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Executing a Command
After the connection to a data source is established, the consumer calls the IDBCreateSession::CreateSession method to create a session. The session acts as a command, rowset, or transaction factory.
To work directly with individual tables or indexes, the consumer requests the IOpenRowset interface. The IOpenRowset::OpenRowset method opens and returns a rowset that includes all rows from a single base table or index.
To execute a command (such as SELECT * FROM Authors), the consumer requests the IDBCreateCommand interface. The consumer can execute the IDBCreateCommand::CreateCommand method to create a command object and request for the ICommandText interface. The ICommandText::SetCommandText method is used to specify the command that is to be executed.
The Execute command is used to execute the command. The command can be any SQL statement or procedure name. Not all commands produce a result set (rowset) object. Commands such as SELECT * FROM Authors produce a result set.
See Also
Creating a SQL Server Native Client OLE DB Provider Application


text: One thing I cannot stand is the basic tribal tattoo. I like intricate Maori patterns but the spikey thick lines that people seem to get over their shoulder and bicep are hideous. Sorry if any of you are unfortunate enough to have one of these, but they are inexcusable. I also can't stand people with no creativity or artistic ability designing really bad tattoos for themselves. If you're not good at design then leave it to someone who is. Apart from these two peeves of mine I am a big fan of ink, I think if it's done right it can be a great way of expressing yourself.


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Skirting the edge of the north east coast, an ancient city awaits. We may call it the Granite City, but Aberdeen's heart definitely isn't made of stone – how could it be, with such a vast tapestry of culture, charms and places to go?
Perhaps you'll find yourself speaking a little Doric, the ancient Scottish dialect which is still spoken here. Fit like? Or, you might get lost in the nooks and crannies of a 12th century castle, or spot a dolphin rise from nearby waters?
Yes, there's a lot to say about Aberdeen, and we thought it was best to ask our fans on social media. Browse below for the most popular suggestions. Thanks everyone!
1. St Machar Cathedral
Photo by Gordon Robertson via Flickr | Creative Commons
If there's one thing you can count on in Aberdeen, it's unbelievable architecture. And it doesn't get much better than the St Machar's Cathedral, a striking place of worship. From the curious question of whether William Wallace's arm remains within the walls to the age-old debate over whether it is a true cathedral, this building is full of mystery. All we know is, it's beautiful, beguiling and breathtaking.
2. Books and Beans
For a quiet moment to yourself, head to 22 Belmont Street and settle down inside this quirky second-hand book shop. Use your imagination and write a story, catch up on some reading or find a new book to get lost in, all with the help of free wifi and a tasty lunch menu.
3. Seaton Park
Let the stresses of the modern world drift away with a trip to the chilled-out Seaton Park, one of Aberdeen's most tranquil hideaways. Lose yourself amid the leafy pathways and grassy expanses. Forget about your smartphone, turn off those pesky notifications and recharge your batteries for a little while.
4. Footdee
Photo by Ryan Woolles via Flickr | Creative Commons
Wander through the charming streets of Footdee, known locally as 'Fittie' – try saying it with your best Aberdeen accent! A former fishing village exuding 19th century allure, these clusters of charming cottages and atmospheric cobbled lanes were originally built to rehouse an influx of fishermen to the city. Fresh seafood is still a local speciality here, so why not try out the menus at Moon Fish Café or Silver Darling?
5. Brig o' Balgownie
Photo by Gordon Robertson via Flickr | Creative Commons
This medieval crossing is somewhat legendary in Aberdeen, and there are a few reasons for this. It dates back to the 13th century, it lies over a mystical deep pool known as the Black Neuk and it was famously immortalised in Lord Byron's poem Don Juan. Nowadays, it's a fierce contender for the title of the 'oldest bridge in Scotland'.
6. The Lemon Tree
Photo by STV Photos via Flickr | Creative Commons
A good tune never goes unsung in Scotland. For a night of toe-tapping tunes and hearty laughs, your evening shenanigans should begin at the Lemon Tree on North Street. The downstairs lounge plays host to talented musicians, so open up your ears to some new music and hilarious comedy, or kick back with a pint of Brewdog, the local ale.
7. Old Aberdeen
The weaving, windy streets of Old Aberdeen have seen their fair share of Aberdonian politics, education and culture throughout the ages. Besides the incredible imposing buildings (did I mention, Aberdeen's architecture is incredible?), you'll find an array of student haunts, budget eateries and numerous places to indulge in an artisan coffee. Find out more about Scotland's third oldest university.
8. Aberdeen Beach
Photo by Nick Bramhall via Flickr | Creative Commons
Only a short distance from the city centre lies a classic beachfront, complete with an esplanade featuring shops, cafés and an art-deco style ballroom. Stop for an ice-cream and look out towards the swirling North Sea, or embrace the salty sea air on a brisk walk or jog along the promenade, all the way from Footdee to the River Don.
9. King's College, University of Aberdeen
The King's College Chapel is a hauntingly beautiful, with its stained glass windows, tall ceilings, sloping archways and intricate carvings. Follow the Old Aberdeen Heritage Trail to see more classical period features of the city.
Of course, there are plenty of other Aberdeen gems to discover. Check out our Aberdeen City & Shire pages for more inspiration. Do you have a favourite place in the city that we've missed out? Let us know in the comments below.
Are you a talented snapper? We love seeing your pictures, so don't forget to share them with us on our social media channels.


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Welcome to the US Youth Soccer Tournament Database. This database is useful for all approved US Youth Soccer Tournaments across the country. If you would like to add your tournament to the database please contact your State Association regarding the proper notification to US Youth Soccer of your event. If you do not see your tournament listed below, please ask your State Association to contact US Youth Soccer for posting.
This is a free service to US Youth Soccer members.
Contact information: US Youth Soccer State Association Directory
Tournament Name : 17th Annual First Strike
Tournament Location :
Tournament Start Date : 4/23/2016
Tournament End Date : 4/24/2016
Tournament Host: FC Carolina Alliance
Tournament Dead Line Date : 4/1/2016
Tournament State Association: 28
Tournament Website : www.fccasoccer.com
Tournament City : Cabarrus, Iredell, Meckenburg
Tournament State Name : NC
Tournament Team Count : 150
Tournament Long Description :
Tournament Contact Name : Peter Broadley
Tournament Contact E-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com
Tournament Contact Phone : 910-231-0372
Tournament Type : Select and Recreation
Tournament Age Group : U9 Boys,U9 Girls,U10 Boys,U10 Girls,U11 Boys,U11 Girls,U12 Boys,U12 Girls,U13 Boys,U13 Girls,U14 Boys,U14 Girls,U15 Boys,U15 Girls,U16 Boys,U16 Girls,U17 Boys,U17 Girls,U18 Boys,U18 Girls
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