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Hopefully, Assistant Secretary of State, Arturo Valenzuela's June 1 visit to La Paz will jumpstart efforts to reach and sign a new bilateral framework agreement between Bolivia and the U.S. A central point of contention continues to be broader transparency and ownership of development aid programs. However, it is not necessary to start from scratch to define how the two countries should structure, implement and monitor development assistance. Key international agreements—ratified by both Bolivia and the United States—including the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness (2005) and the Accra Agenda for Action (2008),[i] provide clear and pragmatic guidelines for agencies' relationships with host or "partner" countries. Most importantly, these accords guarantee host countries' ownership and decision-making power over of development policy within their borders. The Bolivia-U.S. bilateral framework agreement should respect and directly reflect these principles.
Key elements of the Paris Declaration and the Accra Agenda:
- Programs should be implemented through agreements between the donor and the recipient (partner) country;
- Donors should not support or fund separate initiatives that could undermine the partner nation;
- Donors and recipients should reach consensus on who will carry out and monitor development initiatives;
- Cooperation should be carried out through existing host country institutions, not parallel structures formed by donors;
- Hiring, procurement and implementation should comply with national legislation and procedures;
- Development assistance should be made more efficient through improved "codes of conduct," untying aid[ii] and greater "harmonization"[iii] or cooperation between host countries and donors;
- Specific goals to be met by 2010.
The U.S. actively participated in the development of the Paris Declaration and the follow-up Accra Agenda, and heralded their approval:
"USAID Administrator Andrew Natsios — endorsed the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness. The Paris Declaration commits donor and developing countries and institutions to continue and increase efforts in harmonization, alignment, and managing aid for results." [iv]
"The United States is pleased with the new Accra Agenda for Action. It is a realistically ambitious agenda. It seeks to change the face of poverty and help developing nations to manage aid more effectively. […] Our President and our Congress demand […] that we use these precious taxpayer funds effectively."[v]
Furthermore, Bolivia is part a special group of nations selected for monitoring progress towards compliance of the Declaration. An in-depth study, conducted in 2008, provided detailed indicators to facilitate implementation of the accords within Bolivia. [vi]
U.S. non-compliance out of step: It's time to rejoin the international community
Although the great majority of international donors to Bolivia have significantly revamped their procedures and practices to comply with these new development norms, USAID, once on the cutting edge of innovative development policy, has lagged far behind. As a result, U.S. development policy is out of step with the rest of the international community. Continuing to insist on unilateral determination of development initiatives and granting predetermined project implementation units to private contractors – often U.S. based – violates the terms of the Paris Declaration and Accra Agenda and impedes collaboration with other international donors. Furthermore, U.S. adherence to principles already accepted at the international level in a formal framework agreement with Bolivia would go a long way to mitigate the mistrust of the Morales administration. The Bolivian government perception that USAID promoted a political agenda supporting opposition departmental governments contributed to the decision to expel Ambassador Goldberg in 2008.
Although new framework for bilateral relations would obligate USAID to significantly modify its operations in Bolivia, this request would bring the institution into compliance with pre-existing international norms, long ratified by the United States and long implemented by other international donors in the country. The Bolivian government must also continue to strengthen internal mechanisms to plan, implement, monitor and evaluate international aid. In short, it's time for both the United States and Bolivia to sign a framework agreement that reiterates and confirms mutual commitments from the Paris Declaration, Accra Agenda and other international initiatives. Both nations must continue to work towards meeting the goals they committed to complete by 2010.
Other important principles in the Paris Declaration and Accra Agenda:
- Partner countries exercise effective leadership over their development policies and strategies and coordinate development actions. [Paris Declaration.]
- Country ownership is key. Developing country governments will take stronger leadership of their own development policies, and will engage with their parliaments and citizens in shaping those policies. [Accra Agenda for Action 8.]
- Donors' support for capacity development will be demand-driven and designed to support country ownership. To this end, developing countries and donors will i) jointly select and manage technical co-operation, and ii) promote the provision of technical cooperation by local and regional resources, including through South-South cooperation. [Accra Agenda for Action 14.b.]
- In determining the most effective modalities of aid delivery, we will be guided by development strategies and priorities established by partner countries. [Paris Declaration I.5.]
- Increasing alignment of aid with partner countries' priorities, systems and procedures and helping to strengthen their capacities. [Paris Declaration I.3.ii.]
- Reforming and simplifying donor policies and procedures to encourage collaborative behavior and progressive alignment with partner countries' priorities, systems and procedures. [Paris Declaration I.3.v.]
- Partner countries commit to exercise leadership in developing and implementing their national development strategies through broad consultative processes.
- Partner countries commit to translate these national development strategies into prioritized results-oriented operational programs as expressed in medium-term expenditure frameworks and annual budgets.
- Partner countries commit to take the lead in coordinating aid at all levels in conjunction with other development resources in dialogue with donors and encouraging the participation of civil society and the private sector. [Paris Declaration II.14.]
- Donors commit to using a country's own institutions and systems, where these provide assurance that aid will be used for agreed purposes, increases aid effectiveness by strengthening the partner country's sustainable capacity to develop, implement and account for its policies to its citizens and parliament. [Paris Declaration II.17.]
- Partner countries and donors jointly commit to: Work together to establish mutually agreed frameworks that provide reliable assessments of performance, transparency and accountability of country systems (Indicator 2). [Paris Declaration II.19.]
- Donors commit to use country systems and procedures to the maximum extent possible. Where use of country systems is not feasible, establish additional safeguards and measures in ways that strengthen rather than undermine country systems and procedures. [Paris Declaration II.21.
- The capacity to plan, manage, implement, and account for results of policies and programs, is critical for achieving development objectives – from analysis and dialogue through implementation, monitoring and evaluation. Capacity development is the responsibility of partner countries with donors playing a support role. [Paris Declaration II.22.]
- Donors commit to rely to the maximum extent possible on transparent partner government budget and accounting mechanisms. [Paris Declaration II.26.]
- Untying aid generally increases aid effectiveness by reducing transaction costs for partner countries and improving country ownership and alignment. [Paris Declaration II.31.]
- Donors commit to align to the maximum extent possible behind central government-led strategies or, if that is not possible, donors should make maximum use of country, regional, sector or non-government systems.
- Avoid activities that undermine national institution building, such as bypassing national budget processes or setting high salaries for local staff. [Paris Declaration II.39.]
- A major priority for partner countries and donors is to enhance mutual accountability and transparency in the use of development resources. [Paris Declaration II.47.]
- Donors commit to provide timely, transparent and comprehensive information on aid flows so as to enable partner authorities to present comprehensive budget reports to their legislatures and citizens. [Paris Declaration II.49.]
- Donors will support them by respecting countries' priorities, investing in their human resources and institutions, making greater use of their systems to deliver aid, and increasing the predictability of aid flows. [Accra Agenda for Action 8.]
- Developing countries determine and implement their development policies to achieve their own economic, social and environmental goals. [Accra Agenda for Action 12.]
- Developing country governments will work more closely with parliaments and local authorities in preparing, implementing and monitoring national development policies and plans. They will also engage with civil society organizations (CSOs). [Accra Agenda for Action 13.a.]
- Donors agree to use country systems as the first option for aid programs in support of activities managed by the public sector. [Accra Agenda for Action 15.a.]
- Donors will align their monitoring with country information systems. They will support, and invest in strengthening, developing countries' national statistical capacity and information systems, including those for managing aid. [Accra Agenda for Action 23.c.]
- We will make aid more transparent. Developing countries will facilitate parliamentary oversight by implementing greater transparency in public financial management, including public disclosure of revenues, budgets, expenditures, procurement and audits.
- Donors will publicly disclose regular, detailed and timely information on volume, allocation and, when available, results of development expenditure to enable more accurate budget, accounting and audit by developing countries. [Accra Agenda for Action 24.a.]
Appendix: Paris Declaration List of Participating Countries and Organizations in 2005.
Updated list: www.oecd.org/dac/effectiveness/parisdeclaration/members
Participating Countries
|Burkina Faso
|Congo D.R.
|Czech Republic
|Dominican Republic
|European Commission
|Gambia, The
|Kyrgyz Republic
|Lao PDR
|New Zealand
|Papua New Guinea
|Russian Federation
|Saudi Arabia
|Serbia and Montenegro
|Slovak Republic
|Solomon Islands
|South Africa
|Sri Lanka
|United Kingdom
|United States of America
*To be confirmed.
Participating Organizations
|African Development Bank
|Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa
|Asian Development Bank
|Commonwealth Secretariat
|Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest (CGAP)
|Council of Europe Development Bank (CEB)
|Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)
|Education for All Fast Track Initiative (EFA-FTI)
|European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
|European Investment Bank (EIB)
|Global Fund to Fight Aids, Tuberculosis and Malaria
|Inter-American Development Bank
|International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
|International Monetary Fund (IMF)
|International Organization of the Francophonie
|Islamic Development Bank
|Millennium Campaign
|New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD)
|Nordic Development Fund
|Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
|Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)
|OPEC Fund for International Development
|Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat
|United Nations Development Group (UNDG)
|World Bank
[i] Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness and the Accra Agenda for Action. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/30/63/43911948.pdf. Other important international documents include the 2003 "Rome Declaration on Harmonization." http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/54/50/31451637.pdf.
[ii] According to the European Union, "Tied aid is aid given on the condition that the beneficiary will use it to purchase goods and services from suppliers based in the donor country."Untying aid" therefore means opening up those purchases to suppliers based elsewhere than just in the donor country."
[iii] Harmonization includes Implementation, "where feasible, common arrangements at country level for planning, funding (e.g. joint financial arrangements), disbursement, monitoring, evaluating and reporting to government on donor activities and aid flows. Increased use of programme-based aid modalities can contribute to this effort" (Indicator 9 of the Paris Declaration).
[iv] USAID, "Guidance to USAID Field Missions Frequently Asked Questions: Delivering Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Assistance Committee (OECD/DAC) Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness." (Washington, D.C.: March 2006). http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pdach113.pdf.
[v] This press statement continues, "The United States delegation succeeded in inserting into the Accra Agenda for Action (AAA) several concrete actions to significantly advance the implementation of the Paris Declaration so that partner developing countries would assume more ownership, accountability and partnership with U.S. foreign assistance….Broad country ownership, including governments, civil society and the private sector, is critical to aid effectiveness. […] The Accra Action Agenda recognizes the importance of country ownership and transparency in ensuring governments are accountable for their development outcomes," stated U.S. Deputy Delegation Leader, Maureen Harrington of the Millennium Challenge Corporation. USAID Press Release: "Accra Action Agenda Finalized: A Realistically Ambitious Development Agenda" September 4, 2008. http://www.usaid.gov/press/releases/2008/pr080904_1.html.
[vi] Better Aid.2008 Survey on Monitoring the Paris Declaration MAKING AID MORE EFFECTIVE BY 2010. OECD Full report: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/58/41/41202121.pdf.
Bolivia Chapter (in Spanish): http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/34/40/42622450.pdf.


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When the bombs fall on London, the elderly Duke de Richleau is forced to consider a problem of the utmost urgency. What methods are the Germans using to discover - with sinister effect - the secret routes of the Atlantic convoys? His answer is bizarre and fantastic. Could it really be that the enemy are in touch with supernatural powers? Can these powers only be overcome by those who have the knowledge and courage to join battle with them on the Astral Plane? The Duke and his supporters face the terrifying challenge from the Powers of Darkness.
Dennis Yates Wheatley (1897 - 1977) was an English author whose prolific output of stylish thrillers and occult novels made him one of the world's best-selling writers from the 1930s through the 1960s. His Gregory Sallust series was one of the main inspirations for Ian Fleming's James Bond stories.
Born in South London, he was the eldest of three children of an upper-middle-class family, the owners of Wheatley & Son of Mayfair, a wine business. He admitted to little aptitude for schooling, and was expelled from Dulwich College. Soon after his expulsion Wheatley became a British Merchant Navy officer cadet on the training ship HMS Worcester. During the Second World War, Wheatley was a member of the London Controlling Section, which secretly coordinated strategic military deception and cover plans. His literary talents gained him employment with planning staffs for the War Office. He wrote numerous papers for the War Office, including suggestions for dealing with a German invasion of Britain. Dennis Wheatley died on 11th November 1977. During his life he wrote over 70 books and sold over 50 million copies.
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Strange Conflict.
- Jan Davies
Really good detailed occult fast paced mystery
I love the story and the the audio translates it very well
Pan, only a bit part but brilliant
I think all of it but I'm guessing the best part is when Saturday lets slip he knows why he is being kept awake is cool. The animal fight from the ship is well portrayed too.
- Kindle Customer

subset: commoncrawl


text:
September 5, 2008
Effect of the Surface State of Steel on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Metal Lap Joints of Aluminum and Steel By Friction Stir Welding
By Chen, Y C Nakata, K
Friction stir lap joints of AC4C Al alloy (top sheet) and steel (zinc-coated steel, brushed finish steel, and mirror finish steel) were produced when the friction stir welding tool did not touch the lower steel surface. For zinc coat steel, the strength of joints could reach 97.7 pct of that of steel; for brushed finish steel, the strength was 63.2 pct of that of steel; for mirror finish steel, Al alloy and steel could not be welded. The effect of the surface state of steel on the microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar metal friction stir lap joints of AC4C Al alloy and steel was discussed. DOI: 10.1007/s11661-008-9523-4(c) The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2008
AS a solid-state welding technology, friction stir welding (FSW) process[1] can join Al alloys and steels and get higher quality joints than fusion welding technology. It is also possible that good welds can be produced when FSW is used to join dissimilar materials.[2-18] The need of light weight in automotive body construction leads to the increasing use of the lap joining of aluminum alloy and steel in the fabrication of vehicles.[19,20] Therefore, the development of reliable joints between aluminum alloy and steel is required.
Elrefaey et al. studied the feasibility of friction stir lap welding (FSLW) a commercially pure aluminum plate to a low-carbon steel plate and investigated the effects of welding parameters on joint strength.[14] It was reported that joint strength depended on the depth of the probe tip into the steel surface. When the probe tip did not reach the steel surface, the joint failed under low applied loads. However, slight penetration of the probe tip to the steel surface significantly increased joint strength. Kimapong and Watanabe reported the results about FSLW of 5083 aluminum and SS400 steel.[15,16] They showed that the joint shear strength decreased with an increasing tool tilt angle and a probe diameter due to the formation of a thick A15Fe intermetallic compound layer at the joint interface. The weld quality of FSLW of aluminum and steel was difficult to control because of the formation of some intermetallic compounds at the weld interface. However, some recent attempts at joining aluminum and zinc-coated steel using FSLW turned out to be successful.[17,18] The adoption of zinccoated steel evidently improved the friction stir weldability of aluminum and steel and made the full-strength joints possible. Chen et al. investigated the FSLW feasibility of AC4C cast aluminum alloy and low-carbon zinc- coated steel.[17] They reported that welding speeds had a significant effect on the tensile properties and fracture locations of the joints. With appropriate welding parameters, full-strength joints could be obtained and joints fractured at the zinc-coated steel base material side. Elrefaey et al. investigated the weldability of 1100H24 Al alloy and zinc-coated steel using FSLW.[18] They found that the Al/zinc-coated steel joint exhibited considerable fracture load, while Al/steel joints were so weak that they fractured at the same probe depth during preparation of the specimen for metallographic analysis.
Current reporting literature distinctly shows that the surface state of steel has a significant effect on the weldability of Al and steel in friction stir lap joints. So far, systematic research about the effect of the surface state of steel on the weldability of Al alloy and steel in friction stir lap joints has not been reported. Studies on this topic are important for us to reveal the friction stir weldability of Al alloy and steel.
In this study, 3-mm-thick AC4C cast aluminum alloy and three types of 0.8-mm-thick steel sheets (zinc-coated steel, brushed finish steel, and mirror finish steel) are selected as the experimental materials for friction stir lap welding. The aluminum alloy sheet is put on the steel sheet. In order to eliminate the effect of the insert depth of the tool and to highlight the effect of the surface state of steel on the weldability, a 2.8-mm-length probe is selected. That is, the probe tip of the tool does not touch the surface of the steel sheet during welding. The present study examines the tensile properties of joints and microstructural features in the lap interface and discusses the effect of the surface state of steel on the weldability of Al alloy and steel in friction stir lap joints.
The base materials used in this study were a 3-mm-thick AC4C cast aluminum alloy sheet and a 0.8-mm-thick low-carbon steel sheet. For comparison, three kinds of steel sheets were selected, i.e., zinc- coated steel, brushed finish steel, and mirror finish steel. The chemical composition and mechanical properties of the base materials are shown in Table I. Rectangular welding samples, 300-mm long by 100-mm wide, were lap welded using an FSW machine. The welding parameters are rotation speed of 800 rpm and welding speed of 80 mm/ min. The upsetting force of the welding tool (made of SKD61 steel) is 5.88 kN. The shoulder diameter and probe diameter of the tool are 15 and 5 mm, respectively. The length of the probe is 2.8 mm, and the welding tilt angle is 3 deg.
After welding, the joint was cross sectioned perpendicular to the welding direction for the metallographic analysis and tensile tests using an electrical-discharge cutting machine. The cross sections of the metallographic specimens were polished with a diamond polishing agent, etched with Keller's reagent (1 mL hydrochloric acid, 1.5 mL nitric acid, 2.5 mL hydrofluoric acid, and 95 mL water), and observed by optical microscopy. The mechanical properties of the joint were measured using tensile tests. The tensile tests were carried out at room temperature at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min using a tensile testing machine, and the mechanical properties of the joint were evaluated using three tensile specimens cut from the same joint. The shape of the test specimen is rectangular, and the width of each specimen is 20 mm.
The welding thermal cycle histories along the interface during FSW were measured with an array of K-type thermocouples (0.2-mm diameter) at various locations from the weld center. Microstructure characteristic and element distribution along the interface were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis system. The fracture surfaces of joints were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) after the tensile test.
Table II shows the tensile strengths and fracture locations of lap joints of AC4C aluminum and three kinds of steels. Tensile test results show that the surface state of steel has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of lap joints welded at the same welding parameters. For zinc-coated steel, the failure load of joints can reach 5.02 kN, which is equal to 97.7 pet of that of the steel base metal. The joints fracture at the interface. For brushed finish steel, the failure load of joints is equal to 63.2 pet ofthat of the steel base metal. The joints fracture at the interface. For mirror finish steel, the joints split during preparing the tensile test samples. These results indicate that the presence of zinc coat greatly improves the friction stir lap weldability of aluminum and steel.
The macroscopic views of traverse sections of three kinds of joints are shown in Figure 1. It can be seen that aluminum and steel are joined tightly, and the microstructure characteristic in the aluminum side is similar to that of the friction stir- welded aluminum alloy. In this case, we are mainly interested in the structural features of the interface. Microstructure is observed in the region from the center of the weld to the base material. The typical details of the microstructural variations from position A to position F are demonstrated in Figures 2 and 3.
Figure 2 shows microstructural variations at the lap interface of aluminum and zinc-coated steel. It can be seen from Figure 2(a) that the joint consists of a fourlayer structure, i.e., microstructure in the stir zone (SZ) of aluminum alloy, a new intermetallic compound (IMC) layer, a residual zinc layer, and the base metal of steel. Aluminum alloy and steel are joined through the intermediate reaction zone. Figure 2(b) shows the microstructure of the B region shown in Figure 1(a). This region is far from the SZ but still under the shoulder. The four-layer structure mentioned previously is still present. Figure 2(c) shows the microstructure of the C region shown in Figure 1(a). From this position, aluminum alloy and zinc-coated steel are in unbound state. A typical eutectic structure (ES) is found. The ES fills into the clearance between aluminum alloy and zinc-coated steel. As shown in Figure 1(a), this position has slightly exceeded the domain of shoulder diameter of the tool. In the current experimental condition, the ES region locates at the position of 8 mm from the weld center.
Figures 3(a) and (b) show microstructural variations at the lap interface of aluminum and brushed finish steel. It can be seen from Figure 3(a) that no significant IMC layer was found at the interface in SZ. Aluminum metal is pushed into the concavities of the brushed finish steel surface. Aluminum alloy and steel are joined through some kind of mechanical joining, and the joining region is only under the domain of the probe diameter (Figure 3(b)). However, AC4C aluminum and mirror finish steel cannot be welded at the same parameters. Aluminum and mirror finish steel split during preparing the metallographic sample. Figure 3(c) shows the smooth surface of the mirror finish steel. The representative concentration profiles of Al, Si, Zn, and Fe that cross the interface at different positions (positions A, C, and D shown in Figure 1) between aluminum alloy and steel are shown in Figures 4 through 6. For zinc-coated steel joints, a layer involving Al, Fe, Zn, and Si is formed at the interface of the joint in position A. The following XRD results show that a new IMC layer is produced at the interface; results from position C show that the concentration profiles of Al and Zn are detected in the ES layer, which indicates that this region is an Al- Zn eutectic structure region. For brushed finish steel joints, no significant concentration profiles of elements are detected at the interface (position D), suggesting that no new IMC layer is produced during welding.
In order to determine whether intermetallic compounds are formed at the interface, X-ray diffraction patterns from fractured surfaces of the aluminum and steel sides are analyzed. The XRD analysis results from the fractures are shown in Figure 7. For zinc-coated steel joints, diffraction lines that are attributable to intermetallic compounds of Fe2A15 and Fe4A113 are detected at the aluminum side and steel side. At the same time, elements of Si, Al, and Fe are also found. This discovery means that the new IMC layer mainly contains intermetallic compounds of Fe2A15 and Fe4A113. For brushed finish steel joints, only elements of Si, Al, and Fe are detected. This result shows that no IMC layer is produced at the interface when the brushed finish steel is selected as the base metal. The joining mechanism between aluminum and brushed finish steel is mechanical joining.
To further clarify the joining mechanism, welding heat cycle histories are measured with an array of K-type thermocouples during welding, as shown in Figure 8. It is notable from the preceding interface structure analysis results that the position of 8 mm is the location of ES when zinc-coated steel is selected as the base metal. The peak temperatures are shown in Table III. The peak temperatures in the interface center are 455 [degrees]C to 479 [degrees]C. Such temperature range is lower than the melting points of the Al and Fe base metal (660 [degrees]C and 1538 [degrees]C, respectively), but higher than those of the Zn melting point and Al- Zn eutectic point (420 [degrees]C and 381 [degrees]C, respectively).21 Moreover, the peak temperature in the position of 8 mm is 385 [degrees]C (zinc-coated steel), which is almost the same as the eutectic temperature of Al-Zn. This finding means that the liquid Al-Zn eutectic structure can be formed because of a high peak temperature at the center interface and can be pushed aside. From the viewpoint of peak temperature, the eutectic structure can reach the position of 8 mm in the current welding condition.
Microstructure analysis and mechanical property test results show that the surface state of steel has a significant effect on the friction stir lap weldability of Al alloy and steel. For the solid- state bonded joint of dissimilar metals, there are two main factors controlling the joining performance.1221 One is the intimate contact between aluminum and steel, and the other is the microstructure, particularly the formation of intermetallic compounds. In our experiment, the surface of steel does not receive any surface treatment before welding in order to focus on the effect of the original surface state of steel on weldability. No fresh metal surface is exposed before welding so that there is no intimate contact between aluminum and steel. Therefore, Al/mirror finish steel and Al/brushed finish steel joints will not exhibit considerable fracture load. For brushed finish steel, there are lots of concavities on the rough surface and large deformation aluminum metal is pushed into these concavities during welding. Aluminum alloy and steel are joined through mechanical joining, and the joining region is only under the domain of the probe diameter. For mirror finish steel, the steel surface is quite smooth and the joint cannot be successfully produced even through the mechanical joint method. The joint is so weak that it fractures during preparation of the specimen for metallography. However, for zinc-coated steel, the joint exhibits considerable failure load compared with the two kinds of no-zinc-coat steel joints. Obviously, the presence of zinc coat significantly improves the weldability of aluminum and steel.
It should be pointed out that the zinc-coated steel is produced using a hot-dip galvanizing process. Therefore, actually, the zinc coat on the surface of steel is composed of iron-zinc intermetallic compounds. The zinc coat firmly joins with steel through iron-zinc intermetallic compounds, but its surface composition approaches pure zinc.[23]
During friction stir welding, the metal in the lap interface undergoes the synthetic effect of the thermal cycle and the mechanical cycle because of the action of friction, stir, and extrusion of the tool. Thus, high temperature and high pressure are generated at the interface. High temperature first leads to the melting of pure zinc on the surface of the zinc coat, and high pressure simultaneously results in the rupture of surface oxide films at both sheet surfaces, which promotes the formation of low- melting Al-Zn eutectic reaction prod- ucts. High pressure extrudes the liquid phase of Al-Zn eutectic reaction product with broken oxide films and surface contamination far from the weld center, which spreads along the interface until it piles into the natural clearance between two sheets. The final position of the liquid Al- Zn eutectic phase can reach near the position of the edge of the shoulder, where the peak temperature is almost the same as the Al- Zn eutectic temperature. In this way, the fresh interfaces of Al and the residual zinc layer are exposed, and they are tightly extruded together after the liquid eutectic phase is pushed out. Mutual diffusion of aluminum and iron occurs in elements, which leads to the formation of a new intermetallic compound layer adjacent to the lap interface of the weld. Finally, during cooling after welding, liquid Al-Zn eutectic phase transforms to solid eutectic structure.
AC4C aluminum alloy and three kinds of steels were lap welded using friction stir welding technology. The effect of the steel surface state on the weldability of aluminum and steel was investigated.
The AC4C/zinc-coated steel joint showed higher fracture strength than the AC4C/brushed finish steel and AC4C/mirror finish steel joints, suggesting that the presence of zinc coat significantly improved the weldability of aluminum and steel. From the viewpoint of microstructure, the appearance and extrusion of lowmelting eutectic phase at the interface led to the exposure of fresh metal surface and increased the mutual diffusion degree between aluminum and steel.
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18. A. Elrefaey, M. Takahashi, and K. Ikeuchi: Q. J. Jpn. Weld. Soc, 2005, vol. 23, pp. 186-93.
19. G. Kobe: Chilton's Automotive Industries, 1994, vol. 174, p. 44.
20. S. Ramasamy: Weld. J., 2000, vol. 79, pp. 35-39.
21. Alloy Phase Diagrams, vol. 3, ASM Handbook, ASM, Materials Park, OH, 1993, pp. 2.44-2.56.
22. K. Kobayashi, K. Nishimoto, and K. Ikeuchi: Introduction to Joining Engineering of Materials, Sampo, Tokyo, 2002, pp. 182-88.
23. A.R. Marder: Progr. Mater. Sci., 2000, vol. 45, pp. 191-271.
Y.C. CHEN, Researcher, and K. NAKATA, Professor, are with the Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan. Contact e-mail: [email protected]
Manuscript submitted October 21, 2007.
Article published online May 17, 2008
Copyright Minerals, Metals & Materials Society Aug 2008
(c) 2008 Metallurgical and Materials Transactions; A; Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science. Provided by ProQuest LLC. All rights Reserved.


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Niche #7: "We Understand Your Customer" Focus
Posted by Ilise Benun on
Today I'm sharing the seventh niche in my blog series focusing on the 10 niches featured in the new Pick A Niche Kit (available now in the Marketing Mentor Online Shop). Read the series here.
Niche #7: "We Understand Your Customer" Focus
Definition: This is like the umbrella focus with a twist: the common denominator in this case is not the client but the client's customer, such as women, enthusiasts or boomers.
Saltworks Inc.
Enthusiast brands (i.e. luxury goods, outdoor adventures, high-performance gear and exclusive experiences)
Enthusiast branding
Homepage message:
Brand enthusiasts aren't just customers. They're discerning buyers who feel compelled to express their values, look for substance, and do their homework on purchases and relationships. And once they find brands they love, they become loyalists — and ambassadors. Saltworks is a branding and design firm where enthusiast brands find their following.
Positioning message:
Since 1984, Saltworks has partnered with purveyors of luxury goods, outdoor adventures, high-performance gear and exclusive experiences to engage and mobilize the enthusiasts who live and breathe their brands. And, as different as their offerings may be, Saltworks intensifies the essence that makes each brand legendary.
The homepage message here serves to both educate prospects and demonstrate this firm's understanding of the client's customer. With the idea of "enthusiast branding" they draw parallels among industries that wouldn't otherwise see them, providing a larger pool of prospects for themselves.
There are 9 more niches featured in the new Pick a Niche Kit – download it now for the pre-sale promotional price AND you'll get the BONUS ebook from FlauntMyDesign.com. To Specialize or Not to Specialize: How 5 Happy Freelancers Found Their Niche. And sign up for the free 30-minute mentoring session with Ilise Benun.


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The cold, dark months of winter have hidden away our fighters as they practice and hone their skills, waiting for the bright light and warmth of spring. Come, and join us in welcoming our novice Heavy Fighters to the list fields!
But fighters aren't the only novices that winter has hidden away. Join us also as novices in Rapier, Thrown Weapons, Archery and Arts and Sciences display their talents.
The day will hold competitions for all our novices, as well as an Unbelt Tourney. A limited seating feast will be prepared by a Novice cook and there will be an A&S display area for those who are not novices to inspire and delight the populace. There will be bardic in the evening in the camping area.
Martial Activities: Novice Heavy, Rapier, Archery, and Throw Weapons tourneys. Fighters authorized less than a year may enter. Unbelt Tourney - fighters who are NOT Knights are eligible to enter. Contact Lord Carlyle Jamesson, (Josh Wells) Marshal in Charge, Email: NoviceMIC[AT]storvik.atlantia.sca.org.
Arts & Sciences Activities: There will be two planned competitions along with an open display. As is tradition we will host a Novice Competition for those working in an art for one year or less. Documentation is encouraged but not required. Contact Lady Aaradyn Ghyoot (Erika Morton), Email: NoviceArtSci[AT]storvik.atlantia.sca.org.
Adult, Member: $12.00 Day-Trip $10.00 Feast $5.00 Camping
Adult, Non-Member: $17.00 Day-Trip $10.00 Feast $5.00 Camping
Youth (6-17): $10.00 Day-Trip $10.00 Feast $0.00 Camping
Child (0-5): $0.00 Day-Trip $10.00 Feast $0.00 Camping
Make Checks Payable To: SCA-MD, Inc., Barony of Storvik
Site: Patuxent River Park 16000 Croom Airport Road, Upper Marlboro, MD 20772. Site opens 4pm Fri, closes 12pm Sun.
Site Restrictions: Dogs are welcomed but must be leashed at all times. Please clean up after your pet.
Feast Information: There will be a limited number feast available for Saturday night. If you have any questions or concerns please contact Devan Riley, Email: NoviceCook[AT]storvik.atlantia.sca.org.
Merchanting Information: Merchants are welcomed! Please contact Autocrat, Lady Rayhana bint Yusuf (Lea Alonso), rayhana.bint.yusuf[AT]gmail.com
Other Information: Reservations will also be accepted through ACCEPS.
Autocrat's Information: Lady Rayhana bint Yusuf NoviceAutocrat[AT]storivk.atlantia.sca.org
Reservations: Lady Tirzah McCrudden E-mail: NoviceRes[AT]storvik.atlantia.sca.org
From The Capital Beltway, 495 either direction. EXIT 11A Rt. 4 South/East toward UPPER MARLBORO (6mi). Exit right on Old Crain Hwy Take the ramp toward US-301/ WALDORF. Turn SLIGHT RIGHT onto OLD CRAIN HWY. Turn LEFT onto CROOM STATION RD. Turn LEFT onto CROOM RD/ MD-382. Turn LEFT onto CROOM AIRPORT RD. End at 16000 Croom Airport Rd Upper Marlboro, MD 20772-8395


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This example uses an iSCSI SAN server. Replace the information here for that of your own SAN server.
To discover a SAN server:
Click the Storage tab.
Click Discover SAN Server in the toolbar.
The Discover SAN Server wizard is displayed. Enter a name for the iSCSI server. Select iSCSI Storage Server from the Storage Type drop-down list. Enter the IP address, and the access port. If you are using a SAN server, select SAN Storage Server from the Storage Type drop-down list, and enter the host name, and login credentials. Click Next.
Assign one or more Oracle VM Servers to perform any required administration on the server. Click Finish.
The storage elements or physical disks only appear in the management pane when at least one Oracle VM Server has been granted access once to the SAN server. Access is configured through access groups. The generic iSCSI storage arrays have a single access group available by default, where you can simply add or remove storage initiators from your Oracle VM Servers. In the navigation pane, select the SAN server. Select Access Groups from the Perspective drop down in the management pane. The default access group for this storage array is already present.
Select the Default access group in the table and click Edit Access Group in the management pane toolbar.
The Edit Access Group dialog box is displayed. Select the Storage Initiators tab. Move the required initiators to the Selected Storage Initiators box. Click OK.
Select Physical Disks from the Perspective drop-down list in the management pane. The list of presented physical disks is listed in the table. All these disks are all automatically presented to the selected Oracle VM Servers.


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Andrea Stramaccioni hailed Udinese as "a factory of great players," backed Luis Muriel and assistant Dejan Stankovic.
The former Inter Coach took over last month after Francesco Guidolin retired to become a sporting director at the club.
"This is a club that finds players with an incredible scouting network, signing promising figures who are ready to explode," Strama told Sportitalia.
"We are a factory of great players, so there are always great talents behind the first choice members of the squad. Of course, before accepting the Udinese job I made sure Antonio Di Natale was still here!"
Among the talents who have come through the Stadio Friuli are new Arsenal signing Alexis Sanchez and Fiorentina's Juan Guillermo Cuadrado.
"This is the Udinese world, very different to that of Inter, but still at the vanguard in Italy and Europe. I didn't expect 4,000 people to attend our presentation, but there is such passion for this long-term and solid project.
"If I am a Serie A Coach at all, then I owe it to Massimo Moratti and will always be grateful. I hope now to repay the Pozzo family for their faith in me."
There is plenty of Inter at Udinese, as Stramaccioni brought in recently-retired Stankovic to be his assistant manager.
"When we play at San Siro, the whole stadium will be there for Stankovic, while part of my heart will always cheer on the Nerazzurri.
"I chose Stankovic because of his presence in the Inter locker room. He was already more than a player there and I am convinced he'll do very well.
"There was a special rapport between us. The best thing about Dejan is that, despite having won so much, he still wants to win more with this club."
Muriel had been a candidate to leave Udinese this summer, but Stramaccioni is betting on the Colombian.
"I read unfair criticism of him after a difficult season. He has a special physique and that means he needs to be at 100 per cent. Udinese are focusing on him, as we all know he can do very well with this jersey."
See the latest Serie A predictions and betting tips with Eurotips.co.uk [12]


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I'm sorry, but it is true, there are no "begginner" spells, and that's because all spell require some knowledge.
It's best to start on the basics with: Meditation, visualization, centering, grounding and reality vs fantasy. (List can change from person to person). You could try the Starting Out and Basics Expanded forums of this site to get a grasp of things, then it's all about books, books and more books. It can take time, but it's worth it.
Also Cynic Rose, enery maniptilation is not a spell, it is a practice, as is chakra balancing, and not every practitioner chooses to use divination methods, etc...
Well, if you're serious about learning how to do magic and with starting from the rock-bottom then you don't start out by casting spells, you start out by learning how and why magic works.
You see, there is no such thing as an "easy" spell or a "beginner" spell. One either understands how magic works and has mastered the basics...in which case the magic will work..or you haven't done that sort of work..and no spell will work no matter how "easy" it seems.
Casting a successful spell involves much more than finding some spell on the internet or in a book, saying some words, lighting a candle, waving a wand of any of that sort of thing. In order for magic to work you need to understand how and why it works in the first place. Grounding and centering, visualization, focus and intent, energy manipulation, etc are all necessary first steps to even begin to have a chance at a spell actually working...and more importantly to prevent a spell from back-firing on you.
So, my advice for anyone who is truly serious is to start by reading a few books and practicing the exercises those books will give you. Once you have mastered the basics you won't need anyone to give you spells, you'll be able to create your own spells that will be far more effective than anything you find on the net. Here's the books I suggest:
"Before You Cast a Spell" by Carl McColman
"Spells and How They Work" by Janet and Stewart Farrar
"The Veil's Edge" by Willow Polson
"Modern Magick" by Donald Michael Kraig


text:
Click here to print the obituary below
In Memory of
Irena (Manuel) Ardoin
August 24, 1923 - January 10, 2011
Irena M. Ardoin, 87, died at 10:17 p.m. Monday, January 10, 2011, in her home.
Mrs. Ardoin was born August 24, 1923, in Durall, La.. She lived in Sulphur most of her life.
Survivors include sons, Gerald Anthony Ardoin and Darrell Wayne Ardoin and his wife Anita; and Daughter Lorris Ann Ardoin; sisters, Leola Saunier Porche and Lou Anna Vellion; 9 grandchildren, 18 great grandchildren and 3 great great grandchildren.
Mrs. Ardoin was preceded in death by her husband Hardine Joseph Ardoin, parents Delmon and Eva Manuel; brother Suliy Manuel; and 3 sisters, Laurice Duplechin, Beulah Dugas and Stella Langley.
In lieu of flowers the family request memorial donations be made to Odyssey Healthcare of Lake Charles, 814 W. McNeese St, Ste 100, Lake Charles, La. 70605.
Her funeral will be at 11:00 a.m. Thursday, January 13, in Hixson-Sulphur Memorial Funeral Home. The Rev. Charles J. White will officiate. Burial will be in Mimosa Pines Cemetery South in Carlyss. Visitation will be from 4-9 p.m. Wednesday with a rosary at 7 p.m. and from 9-11 a.m. Thursday, all at the funeral home.
Funeral Service
Thursday, January 13, 2011 | 11:00a.m.
Hixson-Sulphur Memorial Chapel
Sulphur, Louisiana
Driving Directions
Thursday, January 13, 2011
Mimosa Pines Cemetery
Carlyss, Louisiana
Driving Directions
Wednesday, January 12, 2011 | 7:00p.m.
Hixson-Sulphur Memorial Chapel
Sulphur, Louisiana
Driving Directions
Wednesday, January 12, 2011 | 4:00p.m. - 9:00p.m.
Hixson-Sulphur Memorial Chapel
Sulphur, Louisiana
Driving Directions


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Micah Would Take Arsenal Opportunity
Manchester City whizkid, Micah Richards has expressed his desire to one day wear the red and white of the Gunners and play for the team he supported as a boy.
Speaking with lads titty magazine 'Nuts', Richards also revealed his reasons for being a Gooner.
'I was a big Ian Wright fan when I was younger, so I supported Arsenal,' he told Nuts magazine.
'Wright and Patrick Vieira were my idols so yeah, if the opportunity came to play for them one day I'd take it.
'But right now I'm concentrating on trying to keep City in the top half, and we've got the players to do it.'


text:
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text:
NEW YORK (Aug. 29)
Eight Jews from Sverdlovsk sent a cable Friday to the Soviet Committee for Peace in Moscow asking that they be allowed to discuss with six Israelis now in Russia the case of Valeriy Kukui, the 33-year-old engineer sentenced in June to three years imprisonment for alleged anti-Soviet activities, informed Jewish sources reported here today. The Israelis–members of the Israeli Committee for Improving Relations with the Soviet Union-were invited by the Peace Committee, a government-sponsored unit, to spend two weeks in Russia. The Sverdlovsk Jews wrote in their telegram that Kukui's only crime was his struggle for the right to go to Israel. They asked the Peace Committee to do its utmost to convince the authorities to grant exit visas to Israel to Kukui, his wife, Ella, his child and his friends who struggled together with him for their right to emigrate. The signers of the telegram to the Peace Committee were his wife, Valadimir Aks, Vira Voitovietsky, Ilya Voitovietsky, Bina Zeevina, Rita Kiselman, Yuli Kocherovsky, and Vladimir Markman.


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"I am a 29yr old female who plays soccer three to four times a week (with training and matches included). After every session or match (its worse after a match!) i get intense stomache cramps. It affects me that much that i'm affraid to ..."
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text:
- From Ghoulia's diary: her wonderfully sarcastic mock-letter directed at a Teen Monster magazine's advice column.
Dear Relationship Know-It-All,
I am totally head over tombstone with the most engaging zombie boy, but I am too nervous to talk to him. Please send me your most generalized reply with a solution so diluted that it has no possible application to my current situation.
Thoroughly Flummoxed in his Presence
- In one webisode, the gang finds Cleo polishing her fearleading trophies and sobbing.
Clawdeen: I never thought I'd find Cleo like this.Frankie: Crying?Clawdeen: No. Cleaning.
- Abbey has some of the funniest lines in the webseries and specials.
(winning an arm wrestling match against a giant) Abbey: Ha! Am winner! In your grills!(Breaking up a fight between Draculaura and Howleen) Abbey: Enough! You are like baby yaks at meal time. NYEEEEH!
- In the webisode "Creepfast Club", Mr. Rotter (the Dead Languages instructor) sentences the gang to detention to try to get one of them to confess to causing the latest bit of mischief.note Cue the mistaken confessions.
[Clawdeen is in the confession seat.]
Clawdeen: I'm tellin' the truth. My brother did eat my homework.
Rotter: [exasperated] NO!
[cut to Heath in confession seat]
Heath: Is it because I burned my book?
Rotter: No.
Heath: Burned my locker?
Rotter: No.
Heath: [counting off his fingers] The bathroom? The theater? The pool?
Rotter: No, no, and NO! [beat] Wait...how did you burn a pool full of water?
Heath: [shrugs] It was an accident.
Rotter: NO!
[cut to Draculaura sitting on desk]
Draculaura: And then he was all like, "You know?" and I was all like "Whatever!" and he was all like, "For real?"
Rotter: [holding head] I have no idea what you're saying, but no.
[Draculaura shrugs and hops off desk.]
- Escape from Skull Shores was pretty funny, especially Gil's reluctance about entering the sea. A highlight includes:
Lagoona They're leaving. Now's our chance, let's hurry!
Gil: Good idea, I don't wanna be in the sea any longer than I have to.
Lagoona: *Glare*
Gil: Whales go to the bathroom in here, Lagoona!
- Werewolf families are weird.
Clawdeen: Tomorrow we're supposed to go visit grandma at the farm we sent her to last year.
- In Ghouls Rule, when normie Claire sees a picture of Holt:
Claire: Hm. He's kinda cute.
Lilith & Jackson: Ewww.
- Even the villain gets one at the end where we see him using a laser pointer on Toralei as if she was a normal house cat.
- One of Lagoonas lines (also in Ghouls Rule) was unintentionally hilarious to Australian viewers. When describing the male ego to Abbey, Lagoona avoided the typical Monster High descriptions of something related to either fear or fish. Instead, she said their egos can be as fragile as a kookaburra egg. Not only did Lagoona reference a bird, its not a real Australian saying. While Monster High characters making up phrases is pretty commonplace, its funny to see one so out of the usual style.
- Frankie going full-on Mad Scientist in "Home Ick" is hilarious, as is Jackson as her Igor (including almost throwing out his back carrying a heavy sack).
- The end of the webisode "Honey, I Shrunk The Ghouls"
Mr. Hack: That's it! Detention for the lot of ya!
Various students: What? Who told?
Giant spider: Wasn't me.
- In Haunted:
Draculaura: Hello? Is anybody here?Draculaura: Uh, is anybody else here?
- When Sirena sics Vandala's pet cuttlefish Aye on Porter for ratting out the ghouls and Spectra to Principal Revenant, causing Spectra's capture... he just slaps Porter's ankles. The ghouls enthusiastically cheering him on really makes it.
- The hauntings at the beginning of the movie are slightly creepy, but it later turns out that the ghost is acting more like a gigantic Troll, considering that it tries persistently to feed Draculaura a carrot at lunchtime for no discernible reason once you know Kiyomi's subplot.
- When the ghouls first arrive on the yacht of the dead.
Principal Revenant: Oh, I'm told tomorrow is haunt dog day at the creepateria.''' *students cheer*
- Principal Revenant gives a dramatic speech about stopping the solid invasion at Haunted High and signs out, only for Present to give her a reminder, forcing her to reappear.
- When Kiyomi demonstrates her portal power to show Monster High, it turns out to show Hoodude scratching his butt. Kiyomi assures the group that it's usually been more interesting.
- When the Hall Moanitors steal River's yacht, they can be seen firing off the confetti cannons for fun.
- In "Freak Du Chic Act 1", after Frankie suggests a fundraiser to save the school arts programs:
Toralei: Eww! What's this...positive...flowery feeling I'm having inside?Jinafire: I think it means you agree with Frankie.Toralei: I don't like it!
- The framing device of Cleo's G2 "Meet the Ghouls" video is that Cleo is hosting a talk show. Who is her guest? Herself.
- In Welcome to Monster High, Moanica's zomboys have turned on the ghouls, and one's about to attack Cleo! She strikes a Bring It pose in preparation... only to realize it's going to be a while until he gets to her. The scene cuts away to another part of the fight...
- And comes back. He's still going while Cleo sits, bored, on a tombstone. The scene cuts away again...
- And comes back, with him right behind her! Only to be instantly tied up with her wraps.
Boo York, Boo York
- The sections with Abbey and Ghoulia following the "comet" (spaceship actually) are generally adorable. But then there's Manny and Heath, who see hacked satellite footage showing a comet hurtling towards the planet... and they think it's a videogame and hijack the computer. And they generally help, too!
- Nefera's reaction to Toralei losing the Comet Crystal to the ghouls and jeopardizing her plan.
Nefera: THEY WHAAAAT ?!
- When the ghouls are stuck in blackout-induced traffic and running out of time to get to the gala, Catty takes inspiration from Seth and states they'll have to travel like mummies. Deuce's interpretation of traveling like a mummy is very funny.
- Abbey thanking the ghouls on the phone for unwittingly giving her and Ghoulia a clue on how stop the comet from crashing into Boo York.
Abbey: Thanks for helping, Ghoulia will fix everything. World not be destroyed...this time. Bye now!


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You're not a traditional couple. Why have a traditional wedding?
A Unification Ceremony is a non-traditional approach to the traditional wedding ceremony. During your Unification Ceremony you'll form a "Love Alliance"
A Love Alliance focuses on the long term unification of the families, friends and lives of the two individuals through which a new love collective emerges.
This new love collective that we refer to as a Love Alliance is guided to completely support the unity throughout the marriage. The collective will encourage love energy and focus on resolutions in times of intense contrast that threaten to undermine the integrity of the unity (marriage).
A Moore Center Officiate will teach the members of your love alliance how to access their connectedness and broadcast whatever energy is needed to be your beacon back to well-being.
This new love collective will be guided on how to properly celebrate your successes and bring perspective to perceived losses and failures in an effort to promote healing. Although the members of your Love Alliance are held accountable as a support system, each member will be instructed on how to be involved in your healing without attachment and judgment of the outcome.
We believe that by releasing any resistance to the ultimate outcome the members of your Love Alliance are free to be completely honest and respectful of your eventual decisions as a couple. Even if your decision does not resonate with their advice they can provide a renewing place for you while
trusting that your overall healing and well-being will be achieved in a way that is just right for you.
During times of personal discord that may not involve your partner (spouse) the members of your Love Alliance will serve as sponges to absorb and release any negative energy that you might inadvertently attempt to transfer to your partner in the day-to-day energy sharing that is customary with married couples.
The Unification and Love Alliance Process, Ceremony Description & Benefits:
Couples will be invited to meet individually for your questionnaire debriefing. Then couples will meet together with their Moore Center Officiate to discuss specific ideals and to create a plan for well-being.
Couples will list the members of their Love Alliance. Similar to a best man or brides maid your Love Alliance will be a group of people who will take an active role in preserving the well-being and promoting healing within the unity.
Unlike a bride's maid or best man the members of your Love Alliance will not passively stand next to you during the ceremony. The members of your Love Alliance will be active during the ceremony and throughout the unification.
We do not believe that the wedding day is just a day for everyone to get dressed up to attend a massive party. That's only part of the fun! The Unification Ceremony is the joining of families, loved ones and friends through the couple who has chosen to unify their lives. It's not just the bride and groom who are getting married. Their families, friends and pets are also being joined as an extension of this union.
We recommend at least 3 individuals in your Love Alliance but optimally 9 men and women is a complete Love Alliance.
The Unification Ceremony will be a similar to a traditional wedding but with many distinct differences.
-The members of your Love Alliance will create a physical and spiritual sacred sphere of love surrounding the couple and the Moore Center Officiate.
-The Officiate will begin the ceremony with the tapping of the tuning fork or pipe at the Love frequency of 528 hz. This will tune the space and everyone in it to a love frequency. The Officiate will then lead everyone in a short meditative session (or prayer) to speak to the Universe with and on behalf of the new community/union.
-Next, each member of your Love Alliance will speak their vows of support, healing and protection for the couple.
-Then, (just like the couple presents gifts of rings to one another) each Love Alliance member will present the couple with 3 cherished, symbolic gifts (of their own choosing). One representing energy/passion, one representation of abundance/prosperity and one for emotion/feelings. This will be followed by the couples own vows to one another and exchange of rings or other symbolic gifts.
-The Moore Center Officiate will tap a tuning fork or pipe to the vibration of 639 hz (relationship harmonization) and present the new couple after which, will begin the celebration of this new community/union.
We also offer traditional wedding services. Please contact us for more information.


text: Hotel Hacienda Real is just 0.9 mi (1.4 km) from the airport and offers a free shuttle (available on request). Guests can indulge in mani/pedis and enjoy Mexican cuisine at Los Vitrales, which is open for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. An outdoor pool and a bar/lounge are other highlights, and rooms offer room service and free WiFi.


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"There has actually been recovery since 2009, but there's probably nobody in this room who believes that," said economist Bob Berg during a luncheon presentation at the Northeastern Retail Lumber Association's (NRLA) 2012 LBM Expo.
He added to the positive news by suggesting that banks are starting to lend money again, as the nation's financial institutions slowly realize that one of the few ways for them to make money is to lend it the old-fashioned way.
New products and new-product-knowledge took center stage earlier this month at Do it Best Corp.'s New Product Expo held in Woodburn, Ore.
New products and new-product knowledge took center stage earlier this month at Do it Best Corp.'s New Product Expo held in Woodburn, Ore.
Among the hundreds of new products added to inventory were more than 100 exclusive Channellock items, the company said.
Some 300 contractors helped celebrate the 50-year anniversary of Blue Ridge Lumber, based in Blairstown, N.J.
Founders Grace and Donald Ackerson were also on hand, with live entertainment and a vendor expo. Some 25 vendors took part in the event as well.


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This past Tuesday, September 23, marked the beginning of the 100 day countdown until the end of the year. This means that as of this evening you have 97 days left to finish out the year strong. Decide right now what you want to accomplish until then in your business and/or personal life, and you'll be doing yourself a much bigger favor than if you were waiting around to making New Year's resolutions on December 31.
These are extraordinary times, and it could be easy to become or stay sucked into the 2008 Campaign, the Wall Street crisis and proposed bailout, and all the end of year holidays from now until then. Unless, that is, you make a time-bound and realistic plan right now, push aside the distractions, and get going.
There is a little known "law" of human psychology, Parkinson's Law, that predicts that "work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion." What this means is that if you tell yourself that something can only be accomplished by say 6 months from now, then your inner clock as well as outer circumstances are very likely to conspire to make it take at least that long.
And since most deadlines are rather completely arbitrary in nature, it can greatly benefit you to set more aggressive deadlines and thereby shorten the time to arrive at completion. If you decide today that you will finish Project XYZ by December 31, and then it turns out that it really took you until January 20, you still come out way ahead compared to having set a much later target date of say March 31, which you STILL might miss!
Is a "100 Day Countdown" an arbitrary time frame? Sure it is. But it also happens to be one of the numbers that our minds assign significance to, as in when we speak of the first 100 days of a new administration, or of the tenure of a new CEO. We have "100 best/worst/biggest/most infamous" countdowns for all manner of things in popular culture.
And 100 also lies within the realm of "overseeability" that is expressed for example in Malcolm Gladwell's chapter in The Tipping Point on "the magic number One Hundred and Fifty": There appears to be roughly a limit of 150 people for the maximum group size at which the individuals can sustain enough of a social relationship to function as a group. By implication we might say that we can still have a meaningful enough mental "relationship" with the next 100 days and what to do with them.
100 somehow feels a lot more tangible than 180 or even 365 days. Which is precisely the reason why most people's New Year's resolutions don't work out too well for them: By making (usually vague) plans for too large a number of days (the resolutions for the whole year!) to be immediately meaningful, their resolutions disappear into a seeming black hole as quickly as they appeared on December 31.
Don't fall into that trap. Seize the power of the moment, and make outstanding use of the next 97 days for yourself, your business, and your dreams.
Best wishes – Alex Schleber


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Aside from our regular weekly services throughout the month, St. Peter and St. Paul's holds a number of other services throughout the year.
On special days within the Christian calendar we hold the appropriate services, for example our Patrolal service for St. Peter and St. Paul saints day; Ash Wednesday; Maundy Thursday; Good Friday and Easter Sunday services.
During the lead up to Christmas Day we also have our annual Carols by Candlelight; Crib; Christmas Eve Midnight Mass (although it may not be at midnight); and Christmas Morning services.
St. Peter and St. Paul's also has the honour of holding the Mayor of Graveshams' Civic Service each January as well as special services for associations and our local Church School, Holy Trinity.


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Dinosaurs, the monstrous behemoths that roamed across the globe some 65 million years ago are finally being recognized and given a posthumous glory, as the fossils and bones of these gigantic pre-historic animals have taken the shape of uber luxury. Taking this latest trend one step fruiter is Liverpool based Stuart Hughes, who has now come out with a magnificent new creation that is arguably the world's most expensive iPad. Mr. Hughes, who is globally renowned for his remarkable ability to turn ordinary gadgets into extraordinary objects of luxury, has now yet again applied his creativity to the world's most cherished tablet device. The all new iPad 2 Gold History Edition carries not only the technology of the 21st century, but also stunning remnants of a time long lost. The front frame of this Gold edition iPad 2 has been designed using the world's oldest rock called, Ammolite, which was especially acquired from Canada and dates back to an astounding 75 million years.
Creating a perfect blend of prehistoric times and modern day tech, the iPad 2 Gold History Edition features 53 individually set sparkling gems that adorn the Apple logo, which in turn has been crafted from 2,000 grams of 24ct solid gold. However, the main attraction of this gold plated iPad 2 is the bone shavings of a 65 million year old T-REX Dinosaur, which have been mixed with Ammolite. To make the iPad 2 Gold History Edition all the more enticing, Mr. Hughes finished the revamping process with a gorgeous single cut 8.5ct flawless diamond encased in Platinum. Overall, this magnificent creation took about 750 grams of Ammolite stone, 57 grams of T-REX bone and 16.5 ct diamonds. The iPad 2 Gold History Edition carries an astronomical price tag of $8 million and there will be only two pieces of this marvelous creation in existence. Since its launch last year, Apple iPad 2 has been at the center of numerous luxury variations such as the Swarovski crystalled iPad 2 and has even spawned the luxury iPad 2 case.
Via Engadget


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Perfect for the autumn holidays, this Old-Fashioned Pumpkin Gingerbread will fill your home with the scent of the season and your tummy with delicious goodness.
This post may contain affiliate links, but don't worry – they won't bite.
By the time Thanksgiving rolled around last year, I swore I'd never read, make, post, or eat another "Pumkin+anything" recipe as long as I lived. And yet, here we are. Why? Because a year has past, and like bad breakups and childbirth, time has a way of softening the sharp edges of our memories. Plus, I had a brand new beautiful Pumpkin Loaf Pan and a serious hankering for some pumpkin gingerbread (my favorite of the spiced-breads-made-with-vegetables).
I'm one of those bakers who is always fiddling and tweaking my recipes, so of course I made a few changes to my old standard recipe this time too – most notably the substitution of coconut oil for butter. Wow, what a difference that made! All those sweet spices danced across my tongue with whole new level of rich, gingerbready goodness! Just to make sure it wasn't just my imagination, I made two more batches (all for you, my friends), with equally delicious results. In fact, when I shared it with the family, my mother-in-law Carol even told me I was (and I am quoting her word-for-word here), "A damn good cook." That's high praise indeed!
- 1½ cups flour
- ¼ cup powdered milk
- 1 teaspoon baking soda
- ½ teaspoon baking powder
- 2 teaspoon ground cinnamon
- 1 teaspoon ground ginger
- ½ teaspoon ground cloves
- ½ teaspoon ground allspice
- ½ teaspoon salt
- 4 ounces unrefined coconut oil (or butter) [1/2 cup melted]
- 2 eggs
- 1 cup canned pumpkin
- ¾ cup packed brown sugar
- ¼ cup molasses
- ¼ cup warm water
- 1 teaspoon vanilla
- Preheat oven to 325° F. Spray loaf pan with non-stick cooking spray and set aside.
- In a medium bowl, combine flour, powdered milk, baking soda, baking powder, ground spices, and salt. Set aside.
- In a small, microwave-safe bowl, heat coconut oil in microwave for 30 seconds to melt. Set aside.
- In a mixing bowl, beat eggs until the are lemon colored. Add pumpkin, brown sugar, molasses, warm water and vanilla. Mix on low to combine. Add coconut oil and mix thoroughly.
- Stir in dry ingredients until well combine. (You can also mix this by hand.)
- Pour batter into prepared loaf pan. Tap pan on counter a few times to get out the air bubbles, and then bake in preheated oven for 1 hour and 15 minutes. Loaf is done when a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean.
- Allow loaf to cool in the pan on a wire rack until he pan is cool enough to touch; at least 10 minutes. Turn out onto a wire rack to cool completely.
- Dust loaf with powdered sugar if desired.
Hint: Spray your measuring cup with non-stick cooking spray before you measure the molasses, and it will slide right out. Or you can do what I do and just use the same measuring cup that you used for the melted coconut oil and eyeball the molasses.
I love it when things look as good as they taste! To create this lovely harvest-themed loaf, I used the beautiful Pumpkin Loaf Pan. Perfect for pumpkin bread, fall-themed cakes and more, this attractive loaf pan is made from durable cast aluminum for superior baking performance.
Disclosure: This post may also contain affiliate links, which means we may receive a commission if you click a link and purchase something that we have recommended. While clicking these links won't cost you any extra money, they will help us keep this site up and running – and (relatively) ad-free!! Please check out our disclosure policy for more details. Thank you for your support!


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Missing in action
Feb 8th, 2009 by Monique
Dear Blog Readers,
Yes, I am still alive.
No, I don't have as much time to write these days as I might wish. What precious little writing time I do have is mostly spent working on my book.
No, the book is not coming along as quickly as I would like. Finding the time has been a significant challenge. However, I'm encouraged by the response to what I've presented so far to the Christian writer's critique group I have joined. The chapter that was critiqued yesterday made the group member who was reading it aloud cry, and I hope not because it was so shockingly bad. It touched her at exactly the point I hoped would have an emotional impact, so I am satisfied that I am on the right track.
Yes, I plan to continue blogging. To the two readers I have left, please do not give up on me!


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I LOVE the blue dress!! I would save wearing white for your DW ceremony!
Which dress for our legal wedding??
Started by LisaG, Jul 26 2007 06:29 PM
38 replies to this topic
Posted 27 July 2007 - 01:00 PM
Posted 27 July 2007 - 02:12 PM
I know you already decided...but just wanted to say they both look really cute on you! Also, nice tan! LoL! :-)
Posted 27 July 2007 - 02:14 PM
The first one is really cute and will look good with you being so tan!
Posted 27 July 2007 - 03:40 PM
BLUE rules for sure, it looks so classy~
COUPLES ~Swept Away, JAMAICA
Posted 27 July 2007 - 04:02 PM
I love you girls!! Y'all are the absolute best~
Posted 27 July 2007 - 04:12 PM
I love the first dress, but I think the white one feels right for a wedding, even if it is your legal one, I think a little tradition would be nice.
Posted 27 July 2007 - 05:22 PM
Blue dress all the way!!!
Posted 27 July 2007 - 05:26 PM
I LOVE the blue! Looks fantastic on you!
Posted 27 July 2007 - 05:43 PM
You're cute! Blue Blue Blue all the way! Save the white for dinner during your wedding week.
0 user(s) are reading this topic
0 members, 0 guests, 0 anonymous users


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Don't be fooled by its lipstick appearance because this is a concealer stick. This has a very smooth consistency so it is easy to apply, and blend on your skin. Plus, this can cover up any imperfections you may have on your face. This is very portable as well. Get this for only $1.
We hope you enjoyed this Starry Concealer Stick article!
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text: Featuring cross-country skiing, Hotel Hahnenblick is a great choice for your ski vacation in Engelberg. For a bite to eat, guests can check out Restaurant Hahnenblick, which is open for breakfast, lunch, and dinner and offers garden views. A bar/lounge and a terrace are other highlights, and rooms offer up nice touches like deep soaking tubs and pillowtop beds with premium linens. Ski storage is also available.


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I have some exciting news to share, but let's talk food first!
When you see the phrase "Happy Hour" that tends to mean cheap, unhealthy food and lots of alcohol. A sure fire way to nix all the work hard you've put in.
But, it doesn't have to be that way, does it? Kona Grill in Omaha, has a stellar happy hour.
No doubt, there are some calorie killers on the menu below:
Anytime you see crunchy or tempura next to a sushi description, steer clear. That usually means fried.
And, though the portions may be small, it can add up!
I got the California and veggie rolls (ordered round 2 of these). I really never tire of sushi–even when I "stuff" myself, it's never an uncomfortable full.
I love nuts.
Nutty Chicken Salad from Jason's Deli.
Geez, this is more than I have eaten out in months. I usually love their salad bar, but wasn't quite hungry enough for my multiple trips!
I first tried Picky Bars during the Hood to Coast Relay. They are a gluten & dairy free designed by athletes, elite athletes.
I really like the chewy texture, and they are not overly sweet. Have you tried them? If you like Lara Bars, I bet you'll dig these!
Finally. My hair is always in a ponytail making it easy to neglect. But, it needed a some care–I think I cut it back in March? I never do anything too drastic, I mean, what would my blog be called?! Blonde Bob, Blonde Nub?
One Week:
I am so thankful to be a part of FitFluential. Not only have a met some outstanding individuals both in person and virtually, I have had the opportunity to participate in brand campaigns and take amazing trips as a result.
A week from today, I get to visit Reebok Headquarters in Canton, MA! I'm so excited to visit HQ and meet more of my fellow FitFluential ambassadors! I'm not sure what else is in store for us, but I will be sure to keep you guys posted! On twitter, you can follow the hashtag #RBKFITBLOG
At least I know what I'm wearing!
Reebok Real Flex cross training shoes in grey & Vitamin C. I'm in love with these.
Notable news:
Amanda at Run to the Finish is hosting her 3rd annual HBBC (Holiday Bootie Buster Challenge). Sign up here. Great prizes and challenges for a busy time of year!
Cait at Arty Runner Chick has some amazing shirts that she designed herself–hence her blog title! The shirts rock: "Run Your Fortune" and "You Just Got Chick-ed!". Check them out!
Active.com recently shared an article on Optimal Post-Marathon Recovery Nutrition. Some helpful tips for those of you with upcoming races on the calendar!
NEW Winners
GNC Live Lean Challenge: Two NEW winners were selected when 2 others failed to claim their prizes. Was it you?!


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I'm a newbie and I want to make a 3D adventure game but I don't have any game concept, gameplay ideas tho. So could you give some ideas that would help me to make this happen. The theme would be all about history. thanks
Unity Ninja Unity 3D Forum
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Quantum Attunement Video # 1
In this video Dr. Lynn Sereda speaks about truly attuning oneself to one's quantum inner core of awareness. He explains exactly how to fully operate your full potential from within whilst transcending the unwanted both internally and externally.
Moreover Dr. Lynn Sereda does not only believe in what he knows to be true, he actually lives what he knows to be true!
We invite you to watch one of Dr. Lynn Sereda's video. Thank you


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Make an Enquiry
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Enquiry from Online Galleries regarding "Early 19th Century Mahogany Sewing Box"
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Early 19th Century Mahogany Sewing Box
c. 1840 United Kingdom
Offered by Graham Smith Antiques
£675 gbpRequest Information Call Dealer Favourite Item
An early 19th century continental mahogany sewing or needlework box.
The box has a domed lid that has flamed mahogany and rosewood cross banding, while the interior has a lift out fitted tray to hold sewing instruments and threads.
The compartment below the tray is to hold materials and ribbons, while the front of the box has an arcaded recessed panel and stands on brass ball feet.
The box is in good condition with a small chip to the lid. (Circa 1840)
Height 13.7cm (5.4 inches)
Width 28cm (11 inches)
Depth 19.5cm (7.7 inches)
Stock Code1440
Graham Smith Antiques
Graham Smith Antiques
Leadgate House
Newcastle upon Tyne
Tyne & Wear
Contact Details
+44 (0)1661 852 122
+44 (0)7836 251873
Opening Hours
Showroom open Monday-Friday 10am to 5pm, Saturday 10am to 4 pm, Closed Sundays
Mr Graham Smith, Mr Simon PhillipsonView Dealer Location


text:
February 5, 2013
Working Elephants Experience Soaring Death Rates In Face Of Climate Change
April Flowers for redOrbit.com - Your Universe Online
Climate change models are predicting higher temperatures and months without rainfall, which could negatively impact populations of already endangered Asian elephants.Led by scientists from the University of Sheffield, the research team, matched monthly climate records with birth and death data to track how climate variation affects the survival rate of elephants.
The results of this study were recently published in the journal Ecology. The team, which included members from the Berlin College of Science and the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research in Germany, hopes their findings will highlight the importance of protecting vulnerable elephant calves in captivity from the effects of climate change.
Researchers collected data from rare birth and death records of more than 8,000 Myanmar elephants, spanning three generations and almost a century. The animals described in this database are semi-captive, working in the timber industry to push and drag logs.
PhD student Hannah Mumby from the University of Sheffield said, "Our results show that the optimal conditions for elephant survival correspond to high rainfall and a moderate temperature of 23ºC (73 F), but that further from those optimal conditions, elephant survival was lower.
"Overall, switching from good to bad climatic conditions within an average year significantly increases mortality rates of elephants of all ages. The most dramatic example comes from baby elephants, whose risk of death before the age of five approximately doubles in the hottest weather in comparison to the optimal moderate temperature for elephant survival," she explained.
The Sheffield team also found heat stroke and infectious diseases account for the larger number of deaths during the hot months. Because of their large size and the fact they do not sweat like humans or pant like dogs to cool down, elephants are particularly vulnerable to heat stress.
"These results could have important implications for Asian elephant populations both in western zoos, where they may experience unfamiliar climate, and in range countries where climate may be changing faster than elephants can adapt to it," added Mumby. "It also highlights the importance of protecting vulnerable calves from extremes of temperature because more calves will be needed to maintain the dwindling population of endangered Asian elephants."


text:
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DataDirect XQuery allows you to update relational data and XML documents from within XQuery. This is useful for applications that need to insert, update, or delete data in relational tables, and makes DataDirect XQuery very well suited for ETL application scenarios, where it provides efficient XML shredding and transparent relational updates. Support for the XQuery Update Facility (XUF) allows making changes to data that are manipulated inside the XQuery so that you can easily update individual XML documents, XML streams, and file collections from within your XQuery applications.
DataDirect XQuery provides special query optimization and mediation for optimal performance when accessing relational data. The product is designed to move the minimum amount of data out of the database and leverages indexes and tuning defined on the database server, thus providing the best performance possible.
DataDirect XQuery utilizes optimization techniques including document projection and document streaming to provide the performance, scalability and reliability required to process very large XML files. This significantly reduces development efforts and processing time by eliminating intermediate processing of XML data files.
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Application developers can write one easy-to-maintain application regardless of the databases and versions they are
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Copyright © 2018 Progress Software Corporation and/or its subsidiaries or affiliates.
All Rights Reserved.
Progress, Telerik, and certain product names used herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of Progress Software Corporation and/or one of its subsidiaries or affiliates in the U.S. and/or other countries. See Trademarks for appropriate markings.


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Today, at the grocery store..
Much of our lives are spent shopping for the foods we intend to use in our recipes. I often find myself offering (un-asked for)advice when I see someone looking slightly confused at a myriad of offerings regarding a specifc product like tomatoes for example..Other times I find myself asking questions about certain foods I see others buying that I know little about. Some of my favorite recipes were gained in this very manner..I have haggled with the butcher... bantered with the deli-slicers and enjoyed the refreshing cool air on hot days..we all have our grocery store stories.. what's yours?


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secondary school appeals(7 Posts)
My daughter did not get into our first choice of school and we are going to appeal against the decision. She has no medical issues but we are looking to use various social issues to help win the appeal
My daughter comes from a broken home and the last few years have been traumatic for her as there have been a series of issues involving her father who subsequently has had a drink problem. This unsettled family life has been very upsetting for my daughter and has affected her behavior at school. She has had issues in the past with chatting during lessons which went on for several years and this has meant that she has missed on on vital learning at school and therefore has missed out on some essential building blocks of the school curriculum. The school that was her fist choice has a reputation for a rigid structure in terms of its discipline education and it has proven results in helping those that are under achieving reach their full potential and beyond.
Her friendship group at her current school have got into the school she didn't get into also and my daughter is upset that she will no longer be with her friends. As an only child she suffers from loneliness and has self confidence issues. The fact that she is going to be separated is making her very anxious.
The school that she has got into is a girls school. My daughter is adamant that she does not want to go to a single sex school and has been very distraught by this.
I am looking for advice on how I can make a good case to the appeals panel and what evidence I would need to support my case and make it strong.
Many thanks
The appeal will be decided on the balance of prejudice. That means you have to prove that the disadvantage your daughter will suffer through not attending this school outweighs the problems the school would face through having to cope with an additional pupil. You therefore need to make as strong a case as possible that this is the right school for your daughter. You also need to attack the case for refusing admission and try to highlight any weaknesses.
To take the case for refusing admission first, it is worth checking if the school has been over PAN in previous years. If they have that will suggest that they can cope with additional pupils.
It is unlikely yours will be the only appeal so attacking the case for refusing admission is unlikely to be enough on its own. You therefore need to show that this is the right school for your daughter. Looking at the reasons you give, the argument about friends isn't terribly strong. The panel may well take the view that children of this age form new friendships fairly quickly. Similarly the fact your daughter wants a single sex school won't count for much. Your first point about the ethos of the school may help. Try to get whatever evidence you can to support that. But you should also look for any other features of your preferred school that are missing from the offered school and that would be of particular benefit to your daughter.
You say she chats but then she needs to be with her friends - a bit contradictory I would imagine!
mitsbits, you may have a case but what you have written makes me believe that the school will say that in order to admit your daughter, there will be a strain on the existing teachers largely because you yourself have said that she talks which can be disruptive to an over-subscribed class.
I am also going through the appeals process and have had to look really hard at building a strong case (I don't know if I have) but at first glance you case at the moment does not appear to be strong enough to convince the panel that the school would benefit by having your dd and that your dd must attend that school. Is there anything that your preferred school has which only that school offers and has a direct impact on your dd e.g. a specialism, academic excellence, is it nearer etc
I would not try to build a case that the school would benefit from having your daughter. That is very unlikely to fly. Academic excellence is not a factor the appeal panel can take into account. Whether or not the appeal school is nearer than the allocated school is also irrelevant unless the child has a disability that means they need a school near to home.
The school's specialism, ethos, extra curricular activities and the like are the things around which you should try to build your case.
You're going to struggle with an appeal on the grounds of a broken home I'm afraid- that's something plenty of children have to deal with. An appeal panel is very unlikely to take the point about friends seriously too- she can just make new ones, same for the curriculum point- why should your child have more of a right to that than all the others appealing? Plenty of only children go to secondary school without knowing anyone and get on just fine. Sorry to sound harsh, but that's how the panel will respond.
You might have a case on the single sex front if your daughter's friends are mostly boys- if you can prove she mixes better with boys than girls (Eg letter from school).
An appeal case does not have to prove a child will be an asset to a school.
Parents must demonstrate that the prejudice (harm) of the child being denied a place outweighs the prejudice (harm) of the school being forced to take one more child. So they must show that the child needs a place even though the school is correctly saying it is full.
Academic ability or behaviour is of no relevance unless you are not talking about grammar schools or special needs and associated needs.
Some circumstances like a difficult home life or recent upset can be relevant for some children more than others eg if a divorce has upset a child to the point of having counselling or intervention then it could be argued that the child needs greater peer support and to stay with their friends. You would need a medical / professional opinion to back that up.
As prh says what you mainly need to focus on is the school's specialism, ethos, extracurricular activities and the like.
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-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1 Otavio Salvador ha scritto: | Rick Thomas <firstname.lastname@example.com> writes: | |> On Jan 2, 2008, at 9:47 PM, Colin Watson wrote: |> |>> On Wed, Jan 02, 2008 at 06:38:37PM -0500, Rick Thomas wrote: |>>> On Jan 2, 2008, at 12:03 PM, Otavio Salvador wrote: |>>>>> On Wed, Jan 02, 2008 at 12:38:51PM -0200, Otavio Salvador wrote: |>>>>>> Personally, I'd like to know what is the increase on space and |>>>>>> memory for adding bzcat on busybox-udeb. However, as said in |>>>>>> another mail, I see no point to support different set of features |>>>>>> on installed and d-i environments (from debootstrap POV). |>>> It could actually improve the space situation in the installer if it |>>> allowed some packages to be compressed smaller than their present |>>> size. |>> The worst (and most relevant here) constraint is on initrd size, and |>> that is unaffected by .deb size. |> Good point. Along those lines, another constraint that's important |> is the RAM footprint of the installer -- for small memory machines |> (same audience as for small initrd size). How much does adding bzcat |> to busybox increase it's RAM footprint when executing? | | If people wants, I can produce two installer mini.isos and test it. | I'll test in the week end if you point me to the mini.isos. Bye sc - -- Stefano Canepa aka sc: firstname.lastname@example.com - http://www.stefanocanepa.it Three great virtues of a programmer: laziness, impatience and hubris. Le tre grandi virtù di un programmatore: pigrizia, impazienza e arroganza. (Larry Wall) -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1.4.6 (GNU/Linux) Comment: Using GnuPG with Mozilla - http://enigmail.mozdev.org iD8DBQFHflxbl8XQY46MbvERArzUAJ46+BaPp3ssTr0eHdlOMrYNJKvgggCeNXca DYaB+dE+a/2hgrfhEPNFrEE= =g9Sq -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
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