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Group Violence (Part 1)
(Gershon Ben Keren - Sun 25th Sep)
Whilst most of our personal models of violence probably involve single assailants, the reality of modern violence is that we are just as likely to be assaulted by more than one person. If we look at the social settings where violence occurs, such as in bars, pubs, and clubs, etc., it is likely that an aggressor will not be alone, but will be part of a group. It is also true that many predatory criminals work together, such as muggers, who find strength in numbers, and can use members of the group to act as lookouts, as well as to help locate and identify potential victims/targets. Because of this it is worth looking at group dynamics, and how these effect our solutions to violence.
A group can consist of two or more individuals, where there is some form of common bond and possible interdependence e.g. friends, who share a history of experiences together (common bond), and also watch each other's backs/take responsibility for each other's safety (interdependence) i.e. the group has a social relationship. When people come together as a group, they will often act and behave not as individuals, but as a single unit, adopting a certain set of characteristics across its members. If we are to be successful in dealing with group aggression and violence, we need to understand these dynamics.
The term "Groupthink" was first coined by William H Whyte Jr, in 1952, but was adopted by Irving Janis, who conducted many studies on the way that an individual's critical thinking diminishes when they identify themselves as part of a group. Imagine a situation, in a bar or a club, where you accidentally bump into someone who is drinking with a group of friends, and as a consequence, they turn around and start threatening and shouting at you. Other members of the group may think that their friend's behavior is over the top and an extreme reaction to what has just happened. However, if all of the individuals, strongly identify themselves as part of the group, it is likely that nobody will voice their own opinion, as this could possibly see them going against the group.
Irving Janis, identified three main characteristics of groups, these are:
- Overestimations of the group
- Close-mindedness
- Pressures towards uniformity
When we understand these things, we will be better positioned to find solutions to group aggression and violence. Groups tend to make overestimations about their invulnerability, with members believing that they are less likely to get hurt, which means that they are more likely to take risks e.g. a normally reserved and cautious member of a group, may be emboldened to act in ways they wouldn't – such as making threats, and/or acting violently – because they feel that they enjoy the protection of the group, etc. Groups also tend to suppress an individual's possible criticisms of the group's actions, as no one wants to be seen to be offering an opinion contrary to other members of the group (a member's silence will often be taken by members of the group to signify agreement). There is also the pressure of uniformity that makes members see any non-members of the group as an outsider. Just as groups join people together, they can also cause members to look on non-members as a potential threat or challenge to the group; when you are dealing with one member of the group, you are in fact dealing with them all.
Not all members of a group are the same as each other. There are basically three roles that a member of a group can assume when we are addressing a group's violent behavior (identifying who plays which role is important when you are dealing with group aggression):
- Leaders
- Agitators
- Followers
Leaders and Agitators, can be difficult to distinguish between: a Leader is somebody who's decision-making process, influences and directs the group, whilst an Agitator is somebody who tries to influence the way in which the group acts and behaves e.g. possibly acting as a "Mindguard" suppressing any dissent within the group, and vocally encouraging certain actions – "You're not going to let him get away with that", "Hit him!", etc. A Follower, is somebody who will go along with whatever activities the group thinks is appropriate, but will not initiate or encourage.
When you are dealing with a member of the group, you should look to isolate them from the group in some way – when I worked in bar security, we used to refer to this as "sheep dogging", where you – like a sheepdog - try to separate one individual from the group/flock. One way to do this is by relative positioning. By taking a step backwards, you may be able to draw the individual you are talking with away from the group (which will also give you more time to deal with them, if the situation becomes violent, before the rest of the group become involved); without the relative close proximity of the group, they may not feel as sure of themselves, and so be less likely to act violently towards you. If you are able to identify the Leaders of the group, you may want to step back, and at an angle, so the rest of the group and/or the person you are dealing with, are lined up, this puts the Leader (one person) between you and the group, slowing down the others' route to you – if things do become violent, it is the primary aggressor(s) who will be the first individual(s) to try to get involved, so it is better to deal with them as an individual, rather than as one of several members of the group. If it looks as though they are already getting into position, it is worth moving yourself towards them, as if you can pre-emptively take them out of the game, it can cause hesitancy on the part of the group (exposing vulnerabilities), which may allow you a good disengagement opportunity.
It is worth noting, when you are dealing with an aggressor who is part of a group, the reactions and responses of the other members e.g. who appears vocal and nervous, but doesn't move into a position where they could do something (possibly an Agitator), and who looks like they want to get actively involved, (a Leader). It is often easy to get a feel for whether the person you are dealing with is confident in themselves, or seems to be seeking the direction and support of the group.
You should be aware that peer pressure also plays a part in any group and an individual may feel pressure to act violently towards you, if they feel that this is what the group expects. If it feels like the person you are dealing with is forcing themselves to become emotional and aggressive towards you, it is likely that you are dealing with somebody who feels that they have to act violently.
In any group situation where the incident occurred spontaneously and was not premeditated, you should first attempt to de-escalate the situation (if you have an easy disengagement opportunity, take it). If it's a pre-meditated situation, where all the group wants of you are your possessions, you should acquiesce, if they want you, then the fight is about survival, and you should act pre-emptively. In a spontaneous situation, where there is no chance of de-escalating or disengaging from the situation, you should also look to act pre-emptively. Your goal in acting pre-emptively is to get the members of the group to question their invulnerability; to demonstrate that they may get hurt and seriously injured. Your goal is to work with extreme violence against the Leader, or one of the Leaders of the group, causing them extreme pain, so that the rest of the group witness it, and start to have doubts about their invulnerability – that they start to question what might happen to them rather than trust in the invincibility of the group.
If you are unable to dissuade other members of the group from getting involved, and you are involved in a group fracas, your goal should be to exit the scene as soon as possible. It is unlikely you will have the opportunity to spend any length of time dealing with each individual, unless you can line everybody up (which becomes extremely difficult if you are dealing with more than two people, or are not in a situation where the environment prevents access to you). In such instances, disrupting strikes to the groin and eyes, rather than power shots which are hard to perform when moving in certain directions, should be used to help you clear a path/route which will allow you to disengage safely.
In a prolonged fight, where disengagement isn't an option, you will need to look at nullifying each member of the group, and taking each member of the group out of action, one at a time. There will come a point in a multiple assailant assault where you will need to focus your efforts on one individual, rather than having your attention divided by the group, and after dealing with them, moving on to the next, etc. This approach realistically is the only way to successfully conclude the fight, as otherwise you run the risk of prolonging the altercation by only doing enough to disrupt each member of the group, rather than taking any of them out of the picture. This approach will mean that you have to take punches and strikes, and can't retaliate to every attack made. This is where pain management, and an understanding of pain versus danger really comes in.
One of the strange phenomena of group violence is that it is often the Followers and Agitators who inflict the most pain and injury during group violence. Primary aggressors have a fairly distinct role that they play, and a very clear goal to fulfill, which is to prevent the person they are dealing with from being able to threaten them and members of the group, whilst at the same time confirming their social status within the group. This often means that once they have, for example, put somebody on the ground, they will walk away. In many instances, it is the Followers and Agitators who will continue the assault, beating and assaulting their victim, as they try to demonstrate their allegiance and value to the group. Because of this, it is important to keep fighting, however convinced you may be that the main aggressor will back away if you capitulate. Once, when I was working the door (bar security), I came across two guys in a bathroom who were kicking an unconscious man, lying on the floor. At first glance, it looked like they were the primary aggressors, however when we replayed the CCTV footage, it came to light that there had initially been three attackers – the one who had knocked the man unconscious had left after throwing a couple of punches, leaving his two accomplices who then set about kicking and stomping the victim.
Group violence is never pretty and always volatile and unpredictable, this is why it is best dealt with through de-escalation, even if this means taking a hit to your ego. If violence seems inevitable, it is normally best to go pre-emptive, and look to disrupt the group, before they are ready to fight. In my next article, I will look at how groups operate in pre-meditated acts of violence, such as muggings, and coordinated and planned "beatdowns" of victims.
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Training Vs Reality
(Gershon Ben Keren - Mon 19th Sep)
Students who have little or no experience of violence, will often fall into the trap of believing that real-life violence reflects their training environment; this may also get reinforced by watching combat sports such as MMA, as both the training and sport environments of the martial arts and self-defense share many properties that don't exist in the real-world e.g. they both occur in uncluttered environments, where there is a good deal of space in which to maneuver (in fact, a cage or ring is designed to allow combatants to demonstrate what they can do – it is designed to enable, not restrict the athletes). In this article, I want to look at some of the ways in which real-life violence, differs from the typical training environment, and how we can better prepare ourselves and our students, for dealing with real-life violence. I readily acknowledge that these components, factors, etc. are based on my firsthand experiences of violence, and that other individuals may have had different and equally valid experiences. I hope that by sharing these, and possibly encouraging debate, those instructors and students who haven't ever been involved in a fight or confrontation may gain a better idea of what reality actually looks like, and what to expect if they ever have to use that which they have learnt in the studio/dojo. If your expectations are based on wrong assumptions, it is likely that you will be crippled into inaction very quickly when you are confronted with the reality of violence, and suddenly realize how unprepared you are.
The time and distance that you normally have when you practice, is going to be halved and halved again, in a real-life confrontation. In a training environment, partners, even when they come at you fast, will rarely come at you as fast as an attacker in a real-life confrontation. This may be due to the fact that they fear being injured and/or fear injuring you. Also, many training partners don't know how to attack, like a real-life attacker e.g. they don't recoil the knife, they don't attack in a frenzied manner, they don't close distance at speed, etcetera, etcetera. It is hard in the training environment to convey that in real-life scenarios, assailants don't attack - they assault. An attacker with a knife, is not going to try to stop you performing a technique, they don't care, because their intent is simply to cut you and stab you as many times as they can, and this normally sees them moving in to you at a speed, something that is rarely replicated in training – this is why training with resistance, doesn't always replicate reality; attackers will often not resist, they will be focused and completely concentrated on their attack – and this will be the "resistance" that you meet. This is one of the reasons why it is sometimes necessary to look beyond the attack, and at the attacker.
Violence can be multi-phased. Often in training, when a technique is performed, the scenario or situation ends, however this is often not the case in reality. This is probably most clearly typified in the practice of gun and weapon disarming, where once the assailant has been disarmed the "scenario" ends e.g. a gun is disarmed, the disarmer steps back and mimics "tapping and racking" the weapon; end scene. However, reality may not be that clean or clear-cut. What if the attacker, attempts to get their weapon back? What if they pull a knife and charge you? What if their friend or other third party pulls a gun on you? Always training for one outcome, and always achieving the outcome, is simply choreography, and does not represent real-life. Sometimes, solutions don't work, or they are temporary. Do you train what to do, when a technique or tactic doesn't work? I have punched people so hard, that I was sure I'd knocked them out, but I didn't; I've thrown people so hard that it should have ended the fight. In real-life, "that should have worked", doesn't cut it, you need to be able to keep going, and going, and going. If you have only ever trained for success, you will have little/nothing to respond with, when you're not at first successful. I often hear people talk about improvised weapons as if they are a solution in themselves e.g. if somebody has a knife, grab a pipe or piece of scaffolding and start attacking them with it, etc. What do you do when that attacker gets inside the swing of your pipe? What if they aren't particularly affected by its use? Getting an improvised weapon doesn't be default end the fight, though this is often the implication in training.
Most of our training, is conducted in an environment conducive to the practice of our techniques, however in real-life there may simply not be the space in which to execute them. I remember a stabbing in a crowded nightclub, where the victim had hardly any room to move, due to the people around him (many of whom were oblivious to what was actually happening). A friend of mine was mugged on an escalator – his attacker came and stood on the step behind him, and put a knife to his back. If he'd needed to perform a control and/or disarm, he'd have had almost no room to move, and would have been on a different elevation to his assailant. Have you ever trained for such a scenario? Since hearing about it, I've always walked up escalators to avoid such a situation. Predatory individuals, understand how to use the environment against their victims, in a way that gives them the greatest advantage. Have you ever tried and tested your groundwork techniques in the backseat of a car, with the child-locks on? What you have found to work on the mats, and which you are confident that you would use, may fail you in a real-life situation because you find you rapidly run out of the space needed to get it to work.
You can start to combine these things together e.g. maybe you successfully deal with the attacker on the backseat of the car, only to have them pull a knife as you start climbing through the center console to get to the front seat, etc. Is this an extreme scenario? Possibly, but it starts to put some of the real-life components into the training. If we only train the simple scenarios, with "attackers" who give us time and distance, who don't change their attacks, and are always suitably affected by our techniques, etc., we are not training for real-life; we are simply showcasing our systems, and this should not be our goal.
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Why Scenario Based Training Is Essential For Krav Maga
(Gershon Ben Keren - Mon 12th Sep)
Most Krav Maga students will have had little exposure to actual violence (there are also instructors out there who fall into this category). Because of this, students can fall prey to the idea that the practice of techniques and skills in a classroom setting, accurately reflects the real world. There is also the idea that simply practicing techniques, against committed, realistic attacks, replicates real world violence – in some regards it does, but in many it doesn't. It trains, and improves, skills and attributes, and technique execution, but it doesn't actually improve a student's "understanding" of what violent situations look like, and how they should act and behave in them, whether physically or non-physically. Regular class style training rarely prepares students for the "when" of violence – when should they attempt a physical solution, etc? If we don't address these issues, of threat recognition, effective decision making, appropriate information gathering and the like, along with de-escalation methods, we are not preparing our students for the real world; we are simply teaching Krav Maga, as we might a traditional martial art, and not as something that should be relevant to those who come and train with us. In this article, my goal is to demonstrate, from some of the scenarios I used in a seminar this weekend, why scenario-based training, needs to be part of our Krav Maga training.
One of the ways I try to get students to think about how they should act and behave in a situation, is to withhold a vital piece of information from them, and see if they recognize that they might not actually understand (at the outset) the situation in which they find themselves. One scenario I use, is that of a man who is wrestling with a girl on the ground, trying to get control of her, whilst her friends stand by, shouting for him to leave her alone. When the student happens upon the situation, the group asks them to help their friend. Most people do. The missing piece of information, is that the man trying to control the women is a plain-clothes policeman, trying to make an arrest. There is subtle information given out on the scenario, such as one of the group, shouting, "leave her alone, she didn't do anything," etc. -comments and remarks that should prompt the student to try to inquire as to why the man is trying to control their friend. One of the problems that many Krav Maga students have, is that they are taught to be decisive, and act. This can make them enter "fight" mode too early in a situation, where they don't actually understand what is going on around them. Being able to understand what information is missing in a situation, allows you to make an appropriate and effective decision, rather than acting at face value. The woman being controlled wasn't in imminent danger, she wasn't having her head smashed of the concrete, or even being punched. In some situations, there is time available to get a better understanding of a situation, and if this luxury exists, it should be taken. Not every violent situation may be what it first seems.
Another benefit of scenario-based training is that it teaches students, that there aren't always "happy path" solutions, and that when you deal with real-life violence you can be caught in a situation, with ever decreasing circles of opportunity. One scenario I use involves the setup of an express kidnapping (obviously the student in the scenario is not aware of this "intent"). An express kidnapping is one where a person is kidnapped, and taken to a series of ATM/cash machines, and forced to withdraw money – sometimes they are kept overnight, so that the kidnappers aren't restricted by the daily withdrawl limits that most banks place on ATM usage. In South America, a common setup for an express kidnapping, is for a taxi driver to pull over to pick up another passenger (usually explaining that ride-sharing is common in their country), who is an armed accomplice. I use this type of scenario, to demonstrate how options that you may think you had, can easily be taken away from you. When we ran this scenario this weekend, one student participating, offered to pay double if the taxi-driver didn't pull over – the fact that they were refused was a good indication that there was more to this pick-up, than the driver just making an additional fare. This is a good example of information gathering, which allowed for a better understanding of the situation. The student now had to decide whether to stay in the car or get out, and when they get out whether to try and gather more information, run/disengage or engage with the would-be fare. It is worth pointing out that some scenarios are setup to be benign i.e. nothing happens. So from the student's perspective, it could just be a taxi-driver picking up an extra fare, who has no malice or harmful intent. In this scenario, I usually have the location be somewhere remote between two towns. The reason I do this is to get the student to question whether disengagement is appropriate. That is, they may avoid this incident, but there is nothing to stop the taxi-driver and his accomplice from turning the car around and driving after you, etc. Sometimes it may be appropriate to disengage from one incident, recognizing that you may have to face another, other times, it's better to deal with the first incident.
The most valuable part of scenario-based training, that challenges students' threat-recognition and decision-making, is the debrief, afterwards. After each scenario, we sit down and discuss, what happened, what other options may have been available, and how the situation might have played out differently. Training to deal with violent incidents in the real world has a cerebral component to it. One scenario I used this weekend, involved a road traffic accident, that the student comes across whilst driving late at night on a remote road – the scenario is just that, there is no harmful intent in it. It is, however, a situation that could be a setup for something nefarious, so you have a situation where you may feel compelled to help, but still need to ensure your own safety. Debriefing such a scenario, where nothing bad actually happens, is a great opportunity to talk about every day processes and procedures you can employ to keep yourself safe whilst dealing with seemingly "ordinary" situations. I am a firm believer that because Krav Maga is a reality-based self-defense system, our teaching and training shouldn't just focus on skills and techniques, but on improving our students' (as well as our own) understanding of violence.
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Lessons From Competition That Can Be Applied In Real Life
(Gershon Ben Keren - Mon 5th Sep)
If you've ever competed in a martial arts competition, you'll have likely found that certain things that you could successfully, and repeatedly, pull off in the training environment, didn't work so well for you, when the stakes were higher. It took me a lot of competition time, when I was practicing Judo, to get to a stage where I was consistently replicating what I could do back in the Dojo – and at times, even perform better. In this article, I want to look at some of the issues that arise when you are put under stress and duress, whether in a competition setting, or when dealing with real life violence.
One of Judo coaches back in the day, used to remind me that, "time exists to stop everything happening at once". The flip side of this, is that when you panic, you try to do everything at once i.e. you forget the process and the order of doing things. To throw somebody, you first have to break their balance, and then fit in – even seasoned Judokas sometimes forget this when competing, and try to "force" a throw, by moving towards their opponent. When panicked, we seek the outcome the first, and put the process into second place, rather than following the process to get to the outcome. In my early days of competition, when the clock was ticking, I remember the urgency I felt, and the desperation of just needing to get the throw – "how" I got the throw became less important. Invariably, this saw me rush the technique, miss out the crucial steps, and put in more effort than should have been necessary. In this exhausted state, the pressure became greater, and I would repeat the same process again and again, to no avail. I often see this same thing in my Krav Maga classes, when a student is put under stress and duress (and this is class, not real life) and is attempting to perform in an exhausted state; they will rush to the end of a technique, missing out some of the crucial and life-saving components. Understanding the time that you have, and the process that needs to be followed, and committing to it, are key fighting skills for both competition, and survival.
Another issue I faced when competing, was trying to attack, when my opponent was in a strong position, and not first positioning them in a disadvantaged one (a situation that usually arose out of panic), where the attack stood a chance of working. One of the things I used to see a lot of with junior belts who competed in BJJ, was trying to apply arm-bars that were meant to be applied when in mount, when they were in somebody's guard; the more the technique didn't work, the harder they tried. What had happened was that they'd see an opening, such as an outstretched arm, and seize the "opportunity", forgetting that the position they were in wasn't one from which the technique could be applied i.e. their opponent wasn't in a disadvantaged position. Being able to recognize the position you are in, relative to your opponent/assailant, and how to reposition both of you, so that they are in a disadvantaged positon, is a key fighting skill. This is also why it is important to understand all the phases involved in a fight, including the pre-conflict phase, as it is often during the verbal exchange, that precedes most fights, where you have the best chance of altering the positioning.
Under stress and duress, when adrenalized, your movements shrink and become smaller. This can see your techniques lack the "commitment" that is necessary for them to work e.g. the punch becomes shorter, the drag on the arm becomes less, etc. One of the things that we used to do leading up towards a competition was exaggerate our movements in randori (Judo sparring), making them much larger than was actually necessary, understanding that they would "shrink" to normal size, on the day. This is a method of training I still employ when teaching Krav Maga. There is a benefit to training big and with exaggerated movement, especially on certain techniques where there is a tendency to naturally shorten the movements, such as with hammer-fist strikes.
Sometimes when you look at novices compete, it is hard to understand why they are exhausted so quickly, having done very little actual physical work – certainly not enough to warrant their level of fatigue. The two reasons I put down to this (and learnt to manage during my competition days), was 1. Not breathing properly, and 2. Not managing adrenaline. When I first started competing, I'd take a deep breath, and hold it, and I know I am not alone in this. This would then upset my entire breathing rhythm, and put me at a disadvantage throughout the bout. Learning to regulate your breathing in order to avoid exhaustion is as relevant in real-life as it is in competition. Being able to set a regular, steady, aerobic breathing rate when fighting is an essential skill, and it is something that has to be worked on in training. Next time you spar, roll, etc., consciously work on your breathing; this also has the added benefit of giving your techniques their own timing and rhythm. Competition, is adrenalizing, and it should be, but it is important to control and manage your adrenaline, because whilst it does equip you with some major benefits, it can also impede you e.g. giving you tunnel vision, shortening your movements, etc. Also, if you don't control it, and your adrenaline "dumps" on you (within about 15 seconds), when it wears off you will be exhausted, and your body will be wanting to go into recovery mode. The best way to regulate adrenaline is through regular, aerobic breathing (breathe in for a count, hold for a count, breathe out for a count).
Although competition will never reflect reality e.g. there are rules, the environment is controlled, there are designated outcomes, a referee manages the contest, etc., there are certain parallels, and certain lessons that can be drawn. Many of the problems that competitors face and have to deal with, are experienced in real-life encounters, and learning how these problems are dealt with in competition can guide us in our training for reality.
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Prescriptive Solutions Vs Situational Solutions
(Gershon Ben Keren - Sat 3rd Sep)
When dealing with armed assailants (whether with a knife, gun, etc.), there are a number of approaches that you can take; which you select depends on certain situational factors – do you have an easy disengagement route, are there third parties with you, does your assailant look conversant with the weapon they are using, are there objects (improvised weapons, obstacles, etc.) in the environment that you could use to your advantage? The various combinations of such factors and components, means that only having one approach to dealing with an armed assailant, such as controlling and disarming, is extremely restrictive and limiting, and could see you trying to employ a tactic that in a particular situation is sub-optimal and potentially dangerous. It should always be remembered that it is the situation that ultimately determines the solution, rather than a rigid set of rules. A system of self-defense should empower us, rather than restrict us. If you find yourself in a real-life assault, you are not there to demonstrate your knowledge and understanding to your assailant, but rather deal with them in the most efficient and effective manner possible.
In a violent encounter, you need to be able to act decisively, and this means being able to reach decisions quickly – the faster, the better. Unfortunately, you don't have time to consider the best option (using a rationalistic decision making model that sees you compare the relative merits and demerits of each available option) and instead must select the first effective option available to you. At the very top of your decision tree, should be disengagement – if you're not there, they can't harm you. If this option is available and would work as a solution to the situation, you should take it. It may be that you need to create time and distance in order to disengage safely, which could see you throw a pre-emptive strike before you quickly exit the situation (something referred to as "Stun and Run" in the British Military). You may have to clear the weapon in order to do this, such as knocking it to the side, so that you have the opportunity to strike and run. This may also be a strategy you want to employ, if you are in a multiple attacker situation, where you may not have the time to control and disarm your primary assailant, before the others in the group would be able to engage with you (though based on the situation, you may choose to take that risk and disarm your attacker, in order to equip yourself with a weapon, that you can use against the group). Because of such situational factors, it is necessary to look at solutions that don't require you to spend time "engaging" with your assailant(s).
If you have distance between yourself and an assailant – especially if they are in the process of drawing the weapon – using a forceful push/stomp kick to the torso, to disrupt their movement, and potential attack, so that you have the space and time to disengage safely, may well be an effective option. In a confined space, such as an elevator, such a tactic may be employed to initially keep somebody, armed with a knife, back and "soften" them up, before either disengaging (when the doors open) or controlling them and/or their weapon. To believe there is only one course of action available to you, rather than simplifying your decision making abilities, may turn your models of violence into simplistic ones, where effective solutions are discarded in favor of a prescribed, dogmatic approach. One of the skills I try to equip my students with, is how to quickly interpret the situation they are in, and select an effective solution. My goal is to enhance their creativity and allow them to effectively assess what is actually happening to them. I have found that scenario-based training is the best way to do this, and in the debrief phase where we talk about different ways a situation could have been handled, you start to see people thinking laterally, rather than in a blinkered way. Violence doesn't happen in a vacuum, and sometimes regular training, can make it seem sterilized.
Sometimes it is not possible to directly control the weapon, and you have to control the weapon-holder instead. It may be due to your position that the assailant is accessible, but their weapon isn't e.g. you are positioned behind them. In such situations, pickups, throws, and takedowns become an effective way of dealing with an armed assailant. The weapon itself isn't directly controlled, but the person controlling it is. Would it be better to directly control the weapon? Possibly. However, in an active shooter situation where the barrel of the weapon is hot, after repeated firing, taking control of the weapon may be extremely difficult; something that is exacerbated if the assailant is using a sling or harness. In such instances, it may be difficult to effectively control the weapon (although there are of course ways of doing this), and opting for a solution that requires less skill, especially in such a high stress situation, may be preferable.
The skill level of the practitioner should also be taken into consideration e.g. I can teach somebody how to knock a weapon away and run, in about 30 seconds, and with 5 minutes of practice, they will be fairly confident in their ability to do this. Teaching and practicing effective controls and disarms, takes much more time, and much more practice. Sometimes you don't have that time with a particular audience, and this limited time means you're not able to teach them every technique and solution; not everyone will dedicate the time and the practice to make it to Black Belt and beyond, and we have to accept this. An effective system of self-defense should be able to accommodate everyone, and this sometimes means we teach simple approaches, that although not covering every base, equip people with something that can work in a lot of situations, if not every.
I would argue that for a student to have a comprehensive set of solutions, for dealing with armed assailants, they need to be proficient in five basic solutions (I would also argue that they should be proficient in the use of the weapons they face – and be aware of the fact that any weapon they disarm is not their weapon, and may not be truly operable e.g. a gun they disarm may not be loaded or operational, etc.). These five basic approaches are:
1. Disengaging from your attacker
2. Controlling your attacker (rather than the weapon)
3. Combatively assaulting your attacker whilst controlling the weapon
4. Disarming your attacker, after controlling the weapon
5. Using the weapon against your attacker whilst they still hold it, and you control it
Obviously these approaches can be combined e.g. you can combatively assault an assailant and then perform a disarm against them, or use their weapon against them as they still hold it etc. Just as you can control the attacker, before controlling the weapon and disarming it. Different situations, require different solutions, and the principles we use to direct us, must be firm and solid enough to offer a true direction whilst at the same time not restricting us from choosing and deploying the most effective solutions.
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A prominent gun-control organization is sharply taking issue with a reported Democratic deal that would exempt one of the nation's largest, and most influential, pressure groups from new campaign-spending disclosures.
The Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence is attacking a move by the House leadership to potentially shield the National Rifle Association (NRA) from the DISCLOSE Act, legislation designed to counter the Supreme Court's Citizens United ruling.
As first reported by Politico, the House Democratic leadership is considering an exemption for the stridently pro-gun NRA as a means to secure the support of pro-gun Democrats to vote in favor of the bill, which would create a new disclosure system that would let the public learn which corporations or groups are spending money to influence elections. The bill would force organizations to reveal their top donors if they ran TV ads, or paid for direct-mail pieces, in the months leading up to an election.
Rep. Chris Van Hollen (D-Md.) and Sen. Charles Schumer (D-N.Y.) proposed the DISCLOSE Act in response to the January decision by the conservative wing of the Supreme Court which struck down decades of regulation that limited the ability of corporations to influence U.S. elections. While corporations and other groups now have much wider latitude to spend on election influence, the DISCLOSE Act was meant to at least bring some transparency to that situation.
But now House negotiators are working on language that would, in effect, exempt the NRA, with revenues of more than $322 million in 2007, from having to reveal the sources of funding it spent on election efforts. The NRA has, for decades, spent heavily to influence elections, and specifically has strenuously opposed any attempt to regulate firearms of any kind.
The new deal would exempt the handful of groups with more than a million members who raise 15 percent or less of the funding from corporations from disclosing their larger contributions, but would require smaller groups to disclose their contributions. Unions, however, would not be eligible to use the NRA exception.
Rep. Heath Shuler, the conservative Democrat from North Carolina, reportedly is behind the NRA exemption.
According to Politico, NRA officials will review the new legislative language. If they sign off, House leaders could bring the DISCLOSE Act up for a floor vote as early as this week.
"It also appears there is now a new condition that must be met before almost any legislation is allowed to proceed in the Democratic Congress: make sure the legislation doesn't upset the gun lobby bosses," says Paul Helmke, president of the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence. "This so-called compromise is a shameful one, and we urge House members to oppose such legislation."
The publisher of the news site On The Hill, Scott Nance has covered Congress and the federal government for more than a decade.


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{ Fridays }Friday, January 22nd, 2010
Happy Friday! We will be returning to session postings shortly, but I'm taking a quick intermission to share a little recap of last Friday (before these days of rain and hail and STORMWATCH 2010! arrived upon us).
The first main event of the evening was The Wedding Clique mixer, hosted by two amazing people, Henry Chen and Trini of Nozza Studio. I am so honored to know them & be part of a great resource like The Wedding Clique, and had a wonderful time seeing old faces & making new friends! If you're a vendor & making friends is your idea of a good time, be sure to follow The Wedding Clique on Twitter to stay updated! Word is, these mixers will be a quarterly happening!
The second event of the evening was Scott's band's show at the Good Hurt. I've posted about Potential Difference before and like always, came along with my camera in hand. Some snaps from the set, mixed with fun portraits we shot afterwards are below. You can hear their tunes via myspace here! This was their first show at the Good Hurt which is a cool venue – partially because of the neat space and vibe, and partially because of the fact that they have JARS OF CANDY on every table. JARS! of CANDY!


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A look back at 2013
As Fauna & Flora International (FFI) celebrates its 110th anniversary, we reflect on what we've accomplished in conservation this past year alone: from the seven wonders of endangered species, to the discovery of a new genus of bat, to a rare sighting of the Iberian lynx in Portugal. Here are some of the highlights.
Scientists capture first Liberian mongoose records in Sapo National Park
In January 2013, a research team led by scientists from Fauna & Flora International (FFI), in partnership with the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) and Liberia's Forestry Development Authority (FDA), captured the first records of the Liberian mongoose in Sapo National Park in south-east Liberia.
These animals are thought to be important 'ecosystem engineers', because their foraging behaviour, which turns over large areas of forest, helps to create a more varied and diverse landscape that can benefit other species.
Scientists capture first Liberian mongoose records in Sapo National Park 23.01.13
Rosewood burning: a symbolic sacrifice to stop the destruction
Also in January 2013, the Government of Belize burnt a stockpile of illegally-harvested rosewood timber, sending a message to all of Belize – as well as the international community – about the importance of forest sustainability and the need to put an end to illegal logging.
Rosewood burning: a symbolic sacrifice to stop the destruction 22.01.13
Seven wonders of endangered species named
In February 2013, a poll conducted by the Alliance for Zero Extinction (a network of 88 conservation groups including FFI) revealed 'seven wonders of endangered species,' as voted for by the global community, ranging from the unusually-named snake-necked turtle from Roti Island in Indonesia, to the handsome long-whiskered owlet from Peru.
Seven wonders of endangered species named 15.02.13
Two new salamander species discovered by Colombian researchers
In the same month we also learned of two new salamander species, discovered by a team of young researchers from Colombia during a project supported by the Conservation Leadership Programme and Save Our Species.
Two new salamander species discovered by Colombian researchers 08.02.13
A little hope after rhino poaching incident at Ol Pejeta Conservancy
In March, a female black rhinoceros was slaughtered by poachers for her horns in Ol Pejeta Conservancy in Kenya, leaving behind a 3-week-old calf. Thanks to the help of staff at Ol Pejeta and neighbouring Lewa Wildlife Conservancy, as well as the generosity of one donor, the calf, named Hope, received excellent care and a new chance at survival.
A little hope after rhino poaching incident at Ol Pejeta Conservancy 29.05.13
Striped like a badger – new genus of bat identified in South Sudan
In the April 2013 issue of the journal ZooKeys, scientists described an entirely new genus of bat. The genus was identified after researchers from Bucknell University and FFI discovered a rare specimen while conducting field research with wildlife authorities in South Sudan.
While the species they found had been first documented in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1939, this year's find prompted researchers to assign it to a genus all its own: Niumbaha, meaning "rare" or "unusual."
Striped like a badger – new genus of bat identified in South Sudan 10.04.13
Flagship species fund supports eight conservation icons in 2013
April saw FFI's Flagship Species Fund announce eight grants to be given to species conservation projects in 2013. The Fund, a partnership between FFI and the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), is supporting a range of species – from the pygmy three-toed sloth, to the Magnolia tree, to the orang-utan and the land crab – through this year's grants.
Flagship species fund supports eight conservation icons in 2013 22.04.13
Whitley Fund for Nature announces 2013 award winners
Zafer Kizilkaya, President of the Mediterranean Conservation Society, FFI's partner in Turkey, was announced winner of the prestigious Whitley Awards in May 2013. The £35,000 (approx. US$ 57,000) award will support work to create Turkey's first community-managed marine protected area in Gökova Bay.
Whitley Fund for Nature announces 2013 award winners 08.05.13
Cause for celebration as Iberian lynx caught on camera in western Portugal
June marked a rare sighting of an Iberian lynx in Portugal, in an area where the Critically Endangered cat had not been seen for decades. Photos of the two-year-old male, which had journeyed 250 kilometres from Spain, bring good news for FFI's work in securing a landscape corridor for the world's rarest cat species.
Cause for celebration as Iberian lynx caught on camera in western Portugal 07.06.13
Comedy legend and ardent conservationist Betty White takes on new role
In the same month, we were thrilled to have renowned actress, author and comedy legend Betty White join FFI as Honorary Director. As an animal lover and passionate conservationist, Betty plans to engage more people in understanding and conserving wildlife and natural habitats through her new role.
Comedy legend and ardent conservationist Betty White takes on new role 26.06.13
Rangers destroy 40 active tiger snares in Sumatra's Kerinci Seblat National Park
The 2013 Great Kerinci Snare Sweep, an annual competition to protect Sumatran tigers by removing active snares from Kerinci Seblat National Park in Sumatra, Indonesia, yielded a record 40 active tiger snares. Despite an enormously successful five week sweep by Tiger Protection and Conservation Unit rangers, the effort uncovered a huge rise in threat to Sumatran tigers from the previous two years.
Rangers destroy 40 active tiger snares in Sumatra's Kerinci Seblat National Park 06.08.13
Fauna & Flora International launches the Good Scrub Guide
In September 2013, FFI launched the Good Scrub Guide, an easy reference tool to help UK consumers find plastic-free exfoliating scrubs, to help tackle the growing problem of marine microplastic pollution. The guide features the most common facial exfoliators on the UK market and will specify which brands are taking positive steps toward removing plastic microbeads from their products.
Fauna & Flora International launches the Good Scrub Guide 18.09.13
Royals and conservationists are United for Wildlife
On 12 September 2013, an unprecedented, 10 year alliance was formed between seven of the world's most influential conservation organisations to combat global conservation crises: United for Wildlife. Led by the Royal Foundation of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and Price Harry, the collaboration aims to unite the best minds in conservation, together with the skills and expertise of global leaders in business, communications, technology and the creative industries, to better respond to major conservation challenges.
Royals and conservationists are United for Wildlife 12.09.13
Sir David Attenborough in conversation
On 15 October 2013, guests gathered at the Royal Geographical Society in London to celebrate Fauna & Flora International's 110th anniversary with a very special event.
Before a 700-strong audience, FFI vice-president Sir David Attenborough and BBC compatriot Libby Purves discussed the wonders of nature and Sir David's incredible career in wildlife broadcasting.
Talk also turned to the threats facing our natural world today, and the reasons for conserving biodiversity.
Sir David Attenborough in conversation 15.10.13
Conservation milestone for baobabs in Madagascar
FFI and local organisation Madagasikara Voakajy hit a conservation milestone for Madagascar's iconic Grandidier's baobab in October 2013, when a local community was granted management rights for 6,453 hectares of forest hosting 400 adult trees. With support from FFI's Global Trees Campaign, Madagasikara Voakajy has worked with the community to set up a village forest management organisation, define zones within the forest and develop rules for the use of forest resources within each zone.
Conservation milestone for baobabs in Madagascar 23.10.13
East Africa's largest black rhino population hits 100
The birth of Ol Pejeta Conservancy's 100th black rhino in October made the Kenyan sanctuary the most important in East Africa for conservation of this Critically Endangered species. Although the threat of poaching remains high, as evidenced by a tragic loss earlier this year, the new birth has brought renewed hope for black rhinos.
East Africa's largest black rhino population hits 100 28.11.13
New populations of Indochina's rarest deer discovered in Cambodia
In 2013, a joint team from the Royal University of Phnom Penh's Centre for Biodiversity Conservation (CBC) and FFI discovered three previously unknown populations of the Endangered hog deer in Cambodia. The discovery is significant as Cambodia is home to the only known wild populations of one subspecies of the deer and because the new populations were found outside Cambodia's protected area network.
New populations of Indochina's rarest deer discovered in Cambodia 08.11.13
Fauna & Flora International celebrates its 110th anniversary
FFI marked its 110th anniversary on 11 December 2013 and took the chance to look back at some of our remarkable achievements since our beginnings – captured in an interactive timeline. Today, our work spans over 40 countries, contributes to the conservation of more than 43.8 million hectares of important habitat and supports the management of over 204 sites. As 2013 draws to a close, we look forward to a new year of challenges and milestones!
Fauna & Flora International celebrates its 110th anniversary 11.12.13


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Juneau Rep. Beth Kerttula on Tuesday made quick work of a question that seemed to flummox House Majority Republicans.
"Is the caucus supportive of the idea of having legal same-sex unions in Alaska?" asked Mark Miller of the Juneau Empire.
"This is really a civil rights question," Kerttula said. "And people deserve to live with whomever they want, and yes, I think that people deserve that right."
The issue came up in the House Democrats' press availability. Kerttula is Minority Leader in the House. While the caucus has not discussed introducing such legislation, she said she would "personally would be happy to do that. I strongly, strongly believe in this right."
Rep Beth KerttulaD-JuneauDownload
Miller asked House Majority leaders on Friday the same question; on Monday they had to apologize for the laughter.
The Republicans had called the press availability to talk about their guiding principles, and same sex unions are not one of them. House Majority Leader Lance Pruitt stumbled through the answer, finally noting the issue had never come up.
Rep. Lance PruittR-AnchorageDownload
As KTOO previously reported, Pruitt and House Speaker Mike Chenault sent out a news release on Monday, apologizing for the laughter, noting it was in response to who had to answer the question, and not the issue. They did not say if the caucus would address the issue at a later date.
See the original article


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Adjustable benchtop units used for product design testing and development.


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Style your home in contemporary flair with this modern area rug.More Details >
An area rug can set the mood for great home décor. This rug features a contemporary pattern inspired by the knots found in wood. Made for indoor and outdoor use, this piece is made from 100% polypropylene acrylic, a material that is fade resistant, antibacterial, and durable.
Rug Notes: Images of the standard rectangular rug are displayed when other sizes and shapes are not available; in some cases patterns and colors will vary by size and shape of rug purchased. Colors online will also vary due to differences in computer monitors. Please note that variations may exist between the actual product and what you see online.


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You are invited to come to one of our family salons!
To find a location near you, please use our Salon Locator.
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You can also fill out this form and send us your comments and we will respond promptly.


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THE SNP government's plan to write a constitution for an independent Scotland without providing the details of how the country would be set up is like "framing and hanging a picture that is yet to be painted", Scottish Secretary Michael Moore has claimed.
A day after First Minister Alex Salmond unveiled his plan for a written constitution to underline a series of rights that would accrue after a Yes vote, Mr Moore warned the SNP against "fast-forwarding" over the nuts-and-bolts practicalities of an independent Scotland.
His remarks came as the Scotland Office confirmed it would publish the first in a series of papers backing the Union next month.
The SNP also has plans to unveil elements of its own white paper on independence, setting out details of its proposals.
A major report is expected from a Fiscal Commission led by former Scottish Enterprise chief Crawford Beveridge before the end of February.
But Mr Moore said the public wanted clarity from the SNP now, rather than a focus on more process. He also criticised Deputy First Minister Nicola Sturgeon who, earlier this week, released letters she had sent to Mr Moore calling for talks about how negotiations after a Yes vote should proceed.
Mr Moore said at the weekend there would be no discussion of a post-referendum deal until after Scots voted.
Speaking in Edinburgh yesterday, Mr Moore said that with Westminster having agreed to hand over control of the running of the referendum to Holyrood earlier this week, that the debate should now turn to the "substantial issues".
He added: "Over the last few days, we've had the First Minister speculating about the constitution of an independent Scotland and the Deputy First Minister wanting talks about talks in the event of a Yes vote."
He went on: "This is not where the debate should be. People don't want an esoteric conversation between politicians about constitutional law, or how they will deal with one another in the event of an outcome that the polls say they don't even want."
He added: "Planning the summits and designing the constitutional apparatus is like framing and hanging a picture that is yet to be painted. No matter how gilded and fancy the frame, the missing image is the essential part."
However, the SNP yesterday reiterated its call for discussions between Edinburgh and London prior to the referendum, saying that talks could proceed between officials similar to those that take place between the civil service and opposition parties prior to a general election.
Mr Moore was speaking after Mr Salmond used a speech in London on Wednesday to say the SNP favoured a written constitution in Scotland which enshrined the right to a free education, to a home and to a ban on nuclear weapons.
He said he believed an independent Scotland would be up and running by the summer of 2016.


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I have done a little digging through the Pangolin forum and came across a post where a member was talking about a midi translator, so done a bit of searching with the old friend Google and came up with a piece of software that allows me to leave the settings as they are in my controller then the translator give me the output that I require.
I have now set my Apc20 to fire all the cues without the need of the keyboard, I can assign any of the fader to the live controls in QS, I've just started to set thing like starting QS from a midi command and basically I think I can access nearly any of the main controls from the controller.
Im very please with what Ive managed to get working with it, now the only downside I have at the moment is I dont have any control over the leds in the controller, Im still searching for advice if there is a way to get them to work.
I think the Apc20 will work out to be a great controller when I've finished.
If anyone has information to help would still be appreciated.
Thanks Tony


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Trinidad and Tobago coach Kelvin Williams is hoping for improved batting performances from his players after their low-scoring 50-over trial match at Queen's Park Oval in Port of Spain, yesterday.
It was the first outing for most of the players since the Champions League Twenty20 ended in October and Williams believes the players will raise their game in the next trial match, which bowls off tomorrow at the Oval from 9:30 a.m.
Yesterday, the match was reduced to 40 overs with Team B being dismissed for 108. Team A cruised to 109 for three in 25.5 overs to clinch an easy victory.
Speaking about the performances, Williams commended Team A on the win, but insisted that he wanted to see more runs on the board.
"I thought the A team played well. They won the toss and bowled well, knowing the conditions would have suited their bowlers. They bowled the other team out for 108 with the wickets shared, which was quite good and (Nicholas) Pooran took five catches behind the stumps, so it was a good game for him as well," the T&T coach explained.
"Then they went and did another demolition job. They lost three wickets to knock off the runs with about 15 overs to spare so all in all I thought it was decent run for them," said Williams.
"For the other team I think they have to regroup and think about what their plans will be for the next game," he added.
As for the reason for the low total of the Team B, Williams said: "We have not been out in the middle for quite a while so that could be a reason and also the shot selection was poor at times."
Looking ahead Williams wants to see bigger totals and closer games.
"I always love to see the batting take control of things. Sometimes we depend on our bowlers to do the work for us but once our batting clicks I think the bowlers will have an easier job," he said.
"So I would like to see the batsmen do better than what they did in this game and put decent scores on the board because at the end of the day it is performances we will be looking at.
"It was a good wicket. We had just one or two dropped catches, but we also had some good ground fielding so I thought all it all it was a good outing," the coach concluded.


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The buzz about it became so deafening, Ariana decided to tweet a little clarification on the matter. In a nutshell, she said she was misquoted.
In a recent interview with Attitude magazine, Ariana explained her song "Break Your Heart Right Back," saying, "It's about a boy who cheats on a girl with another boy. That's a very fun concept. Well, originally it was going to be about a boy who cheats with a girl, but then I was like, 'No, I want it to be about a boy who cheats on a girl with another boy.'"
Additionally, she told Metro, "It's one of my favorites on the album and it's really funny because I believe it has happened to me. I'm not 100 percent positive but I'm 99.9 percent positive."
Ariana added, "I would rather he cheats on me with a guy than with a girl any day! If I found out my boyfriend was gay, I would be like 'OK!' I'd be so relieved."
She quickly hopped on Twitter to clear things up (kind of), writing: "people loooove twisting my words lol. I never said "my ex". so don't trip. It was a a looooong time ago.... and it made for a great song."
Ari added, "just thought I'd clear that up before any unnecessary drama takes place haha"
Too late.
Update: Jai has responded on Twitter, shooting down any buzz that Ariana's comments are about him: "I'm 100 % straight. I like t**ties." Alright then.
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Gallery | Ariana Grande Out and About!


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text:
Auto driver takes in runaway from Surat, rapes her over months
Alone in Mumbai, the survivor asked an auto driver to help her find a place to stay; the driver stationed her in a rented room and forced himself on her for months, before abandoning her
A young girl who ran away from her home in Surat and made her way to Mumbai was allegedly raped several times by a 45-year-old auto driver, who she had asked for help.
The driver has now been arrested by the Malwani police. According to police sources in Malwani, the survivor had run away from her hometown three months ago, after an argument with her family members. She arrived at Dadar station, and then took a taxi to Bandra.
Having no acquaintances in the city, she hailed an auto and asked its driver to drop her to a lodge where she could stay for a few days. Realising that she had no support system in the city, the driver, who has been identified as Pandu More, took her to a relative's residence in Versova.
After she had spent a few days in Versova, he took her to Madh in Malwani, where he rented a room for several months. Unwilling to return to her family, the girl started staying with him. "He forced himself on her several times under the influence of alcohol," said an officer, on condition of anonymity.
Three days ago, More suddenly went off the radar, switching off his mobile phone and cutting off all contact with the girl. Alarmed, she tried to call him several times. She finally reached the residence of his relative, where More had taken her earlier.
At the residence, More's relatives could not provide her any information of his whereabouts. Desperate, she consumed poison right in front of them. The relatives rushed her to Cooper Hospital, and also got in touch with the police. During her medical examination, the girl revealed to the doctor that More had forced himself on her several times. Based on this information, authorities at Cooper Hospital contacted Versova police station.
Based on the survivor's statement and the doctor's confirmation, the Versova police lodged a case against More under Section 376 (rape) of the IPC and subsequently transferred the case to Malwani police station, where the crimes took place. The Malwani police, with the help of an informer, arrested More from Malwani and produced him in court.


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2015 Ford F-150, will it be at Detroit Auto Show?
An unnamed source inside Ford has already started talking about the 2015 Ford F150. It doesn't come as a complete surprise. With the recently released 2014 Silverado, Ford wanted to grab some media attention too. The Source touts a a 15-20% fuel economy improvement. So how will Ford accomplish this goal? The source says there will be major technological advancements under the hood. He goes as far as to call them "game-changing technology".
Ford will start with major weight savings. Looking at every major component, like brakes, engine, axles and frame. All of these will likely need go on a diet.
Even more amazingly, there have been rumblings that we may see this truck at the 2013 Detroit Auto Show (NAIAS). Which seems crazy, but if you think about how competitive Ford and crosstown rival GM are, I wouldn't rule it out. With GM releasing its new Silverado, Sierra and Corvette, we are sure Ford would love to do anything to steal the spotlight from them. A surprise visit from the 2015 Ford F-150 would sure do the trick. But I reiterate, this is pure speculation at this point.
With upcoming fuel regulations forcing higher and higher MPG's we are also very curious how Ford will deliver the numbers in 2016 and 2018. Would they do something as crazy as putting the new baby powerstroke 3.2 liter 5 cylinder diesel in the F150 (it is currently slated for the Ford Transit/T Series).


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Truett-McConnell College nutrition program
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Learn about Truett-McConnell College nutrition program, and registering for elective seminars and lectures. Which college degrees give you the best chances of finding employment after graduation? You can enter nursing with either an associates degree or BSN. As a licensed vocational nurse (LVN), you may provide patient care under the supervision of a registered nurse (RN). Concentrating on Truett-McConnell College nutrition program, for example, you may gain an advantage in job recruiting on-campus. Check with the nutrition department for course registration deadlines, and dieting program requirements. Please use the form above to request admissions info for Truett-McConnell College.
The science of nutrition extends beyond a biochemical analysis of food, assimilation, and digestion within the body. Whole foods provide the energy and nutrients you need to maintain health. Required nutrients include proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water in abundance. Healthy eating isn't hard in fact, but it's a skill that must be learned. The key to nutritional science is to eat a variety of foods, including vegetables, fruits, and whole-grain products. Further, rehydrate with lots of alkaline, ionized mineral water, and limit your intake of salt, sugar, alcohol, saturated fat, and trans fat in your diet. The high water and fiber content in most fruits and vegetables makes them hard to overeat.
Start your morning by skipping high-sugar, processed cereals, and replace the eggs and some of the cheese in your omelet with vegetables. Swap out some of the meat and cheese in your sandwich with healthier veggie choices such as lettuce, tomatoes, sprouts, cucumbers, and avocado. Instead of a high-calorie snack, such as chips and dip, try baby carrots with hummus, or crunching on a fresh apple. Soft drinks including soda and energy drinks are a huge source of calories in many poor diets. One can of soda contains between 10-12 teaspoons of sugar and 150 calories, so a few soft drinks can quickly bloat your daily calorie intake. Switching to diet soda isn't the answer either. Instead, try switching to water with lemon, unsweetened iced tea, or carbonated water with a splash of juice. Beyond major requirements within the nutrition department, you may consider Hazard Community College marine biology major as a complementary elective to your primary course of study.
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Today, I'm going to share my favorite recipe for brown sugar body scrub.
It's actually a recipe that I shared in my ebook a while back, but since my ebook has been around for quite some time now, I thought I'd share it here and include a video to show you just how easy it is to make.
And it is easy. And worth the small amount of effort it takes to whip up — very, very worth it. 🙂
Here's the video tutorial on How to Make Brown Sugar Body Scrub:
Here's the Printable Recipe:
- 1¼ cups brown sugar
- ¼ cup raw turbinado cane sugar
- 7 tablespoons coconut oil
- Mix the ingredients together in a medium-sized bowl. Then transfer the body scrub to a jar or container with a lid for storage.
Benefits of Using Sugar Scrubs
I've used both my own DIY sugar scrubs as well as organic scrubs purchased (on clearance) from the store. I like both. But there are some benefits to making your own.
For one thing, it's cheaper to do-it-yourself. Another plus is that you know exactly what's in the scrub you create. And finally, the possibilities for the different types of scrubs you can come up with are seemingly endless.
All of these benefits are in addition to the benefits you get after you apply the sugar scrub to your skin. Scrubs are awesome for exfoliating your skin and making it feel clean, soft, and smooth. Tough skin? It's no match for a sugar scrub!
What's Coming Up Next
In my next video, I'm going to show you how to make another one of my favorite homemade health and beauty recipes. This time it'll be for hair conditioner. Stay tuned for that. 🙂
Do you make your own sugar scrubs? What are some of your favorite DIY recipes?


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Case Types/ Jurisdiction
Territorial Jurisdiction
All misdemeanor cases originating in the territorial jurisdiction of Miamisburg Municipal Court are processed through this court and remain here until sentencing or until redirected to a higher court such as the Montgomery County Common Pleas Court. Miamisburg Municipal Court also facilitates probationary procedures for the entire jurisdiction. Cities within MMC's jurisdiction are:


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Enjoy it Live with Fabrizio!
There's nothing better than live music at an event, and Fabrizio has been performing live for over 40 years. Fabrizio doesn't use any sequencers or pre-recorded tapes. The bass line, chords, leads, horn punches and vocals are all performed LIVE! Fabrizio is well known in the entertainment circuit and has performed internationally with groups and as a solo act. With his unique instrumentation and style, Fabrizio is an excellent musician and true entertainer, covering Rock, R&B, Light Jazz, Reggae, Country, and 50's & 60's. At your next event, enjoy it live with Fabrizio!
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5 Kommentare
>>> A Swiss-Indian company, Colayer started developing a platform using this concept almost 10 years ago.
There are many email replacement initiatives that started a decade or so ago, but non of them managed to replace the broad adoption that lame SMTP has achieved. Lotus Notes attempted this 20 years before Colayer and they were relatively successful in the US within enterprises. But neither company has managed to change the model.
Google's research in this field has the capacity to replace global dependency on SMTP while also getting some degree of business and enterprise adoption. But Google will ultimately lock horns with Microsoft in this segment.
Bill – I don't think they talk about an email replacement initiative. After all, as I see it, the concept is not competing against email but the way humans would communicate in a knowledge driven enterprise and in future. From my understanding, email was built for 'simple' communication and not for knowledge sharing/dissemination – the key ingredient for a knowledge based ecosystem. Are discussion forums built on email tool ? Similarly are blogs based on email platforms? Same case is with micro-blogging services & wiki's. Why are their backbone not based on 'email'?
Just like snail mail has least relevance in the 21st century, email will have least acceptance in knowledge centric enterprises:
– which needs continuous doping in the form of innovation,
– which is eager to tap the (tacit) human capital to stay competitive,
– to have a seamless culture of transparency and openness. Hence, I agree, the need & time to change the model for those inclined to capitalize on their human potential.
BTW: did Google compete with Youtube? They tried with Google-video but miserably failed. Finally they gave up and acquired youtube (like a frustrated giant) and other companies in which they were not able to compete! There are similar examples of (underdog) Microsoft and other giants too. Hence I don't think it is prudent to say that only the biggies will compete.
Thanks a lot for superb post. But I had difficult time navigating past your site as I kept getting 502 bad gateway error. Just thought to let you know.
,..] blog.internet-briefing.ch is one useful source of tips on this topic,..]
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Want to bet on your mobile phone, but not sure how to do it or which site to use?
Then look no further than WAP Betting. We explain the jargon and review all of the major bookmakers WAP sites, to find out the best places for placing bets on a mobile phone.
Almost all mobile phones can access what are called WAP sites. Essentially these are streamlined web sites with a simple text based interface suitable for a mobile phone.
On our bookmaker review pages you'll find pictures of how each of the WAP sites would look on your phone, and a large number of the pages also contain WAP emulators which allow you to actually try out the WAP betting sites on your PC, and see how easy it is to bet on your mobile phone.
We also have sections explaining the technical details of WAP betting and some advice on the best mobile phones to use, and have recently added a section specifically on betting Iphone Apps. Betting on a mobile phone has never been easier!!


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The speaker's skillz
Had a discussion late night about the Health Care Reform bill and Nancy Pelosi's role in getting it through.
Not a lot of people seem to know her background. This WaPo story from when she became speaker is a good backgrounder.
Critics deride Pelosi, 66, for a presumed lightweight liberalism they attribute to her latter-day home in San Francisco. But her liberalism — and the keen political instincts and skill at the inside parry of the game — can be traced more deeply and more precisely back to Albemarle Street, to the political empire that grew there when her father held court through decades of an intensely political life.


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There be mountains in them there hills
Posted by Scott LaPierre August 15, 2008 11:35 AM
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This isn't usually breaking news, but as you may have read in John Powers's post a couple entries below this one, we had breathtakingly blue skies in Beijing today. Local Beijingers very rarely get to see the Western Hills (more like mountains, in my book), and when they do it means it's a truly clear day (you can see, they're not even that far away). And that's what we finally had today, from sunrise to sunset.
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Olympics bloggersLook for updates, news, analysis and commentary from the following reporters:.
- Dan Egan, Boston.com blogger
- John Powers, Globe staff
- Shira Springer, Globe staff
- Scott Thurston, Globe staff
Follow the Olympics on your phone at m.boston.com
Get updates


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It's been a little while since I've posted so here are a few thoughts on the Orange rolling past Providence, the one Siena game I'll miss all season, and a few words on the event that I missed the game for.
Providence came into last night's game at the Dome winners of four Big East games in a row. After 20 minutes, Syracuse had dashed the Friars hopes of a fifth straight win.
The Orange broke open a close game with a devastating and frankly awesome 27-2 run to close the half and rolled to their nation-leading 38th straight home win.
The end of the first half was SU at its best, baiting the opponent into tough shots, cleaning the glass, scoring in transition and executing in the halfcourt both close to the basket and from long range.
James Southerland did what he does, providing a nice scoring spark off the bench. C.J. Fair continued to be the most consistent player on the team and Michael Carter-Williams posted a double-double by playing under control and utilizing his height advantage.
All in all, it was a solid performance and a nice way to head into the most important stretch of the regular season. A record 35,012 fans are set to pack a sold-out Carrier Dome for Georgetown's arrival on Saturday.
The Orange are going to retire Carmelo Anthony's jersey during the game. I understand that he brought the program its only national title, but doesn't all-time leading scorer Lawrence Moten have to be thinking what do I have to do to get my jersey in the rafters?
The Orange then hit the road to take on another co-leader in the conference, Marquette, on Monday followed by another highly-anticipated home date with Louisville next Saturday. Syracuse will play each of the other teams in the top four of the Big East in the next three games.
This stretch will say a lot about whether or not Syracuse is a legitimate national title contender. With Southerland back, there are really no excuses. I don't think there is a "superteam" this year, but if Syracuse is going to compete with teams like Indiana (I think the best and most complete team in the country) and others, this closing stretch of the season will say a lot.
I missed the Siena game against Loyola on Saturday and it's the only game I anticipate missing all season. Unfortunately, it sounded like too many other games I have been in attendance for this year.
Loyola is the most complete team in the league in my opinion with a strong outside shooting game and more importantly, players inside who can score and rebound.
Siena is really scuffling again, having dropped five in a row as it heads into the season's final weeks. The offense is not clicking, the defense is increasingly porous and the results are not what the team wants.
Next up is the final installment of the Bracketbuster series against Radford. Like the Saints, the Highlanders are very young. Among their top 10 scorers, Radford has only one senior, four sophomores and five freshmen.
The player to look for is 6-4 sophomore Javonte Green whose stats and stature bear a resemblance to Niagara's similarly named Juan'ya Green. Javonte Green leads the team in scoring (15 ppg), rebounding (8.3 rpg) and steals (2.1 spg). Green and fellow soph R.J. Price (14.2 ppg) were both named to the league's all-Freshman team last year.
Coach Mike Jones took over a downtrodden program and went 6-26 and 2-16 in conference play last year in his first season. The team is now 12-16 overall and 6-8 in the Big South so things are definitely going in the right direction for Radford.
If the Highlanders keep the roster intact, they will be a handful for the Saints two years from now down in southwestern Virginia.
I missed the Loyola game on Saturday because one of my wife's close friends from college got married in New Jersey. A good time was had by all, but the really memorable aspect of the wedding was the food at the reception.
The festivities were held at the Venetian in Garfield, N.J. It had been described to me as a "wedding factory" and that was pretty accurate.
The cocktail hour had, and I'm not exaggerating here, EVERYTHING you could possibly imagine. The highlights for us were the king crab legs that were cut in half so you could just peel the meat out (last experienced at the Bellagio buffet in Vegas), whole lobster tails cut in half also and the most delicious lamb chops I've ever had. But that was just the start, I mean the family must have gone to this place and said "give us everything you got" because I can't imagine they offered anything that wasn't available for us.
After a delicious and somewhat unnecessary dinner course, the "Viennese Extravaganza" was in full effect for dessert. Again, anything and everything you could ever want was there. From two chocolate fountains (white and dark) to fresh cotton candy to a waffle sundae station and a regular sundae station to just "normal" desserts, it was outrageous.
I think I gained about ten pounds that night alone, but it was worth it.
Congratulations go out to Tara and Diego!


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Jesse C. Tannehill
TANNEHILL, JESSIE CORNELIUS (1797-1863). Jessie Cornelius Tannehill, early settler, was born in Kentucky on December 30, 1797. He was married to Jane Richardson in 1823 near Nashville, Tennessee. They came to Texas with their two children in 1827 and settled near Caney in Matagorda County. In the latter part of 1828 or early in 1829 they moved to Bastrop County, locating near the Old San Antonio Roadqv at the river crossing. With the pioneer families of Stephen F. Austin'sqv "little colony" they lived for a time in tent structures of pine poles and buffalo skins. After the town of Bastrop was laid out, Jessie Tannehill purchased five acres of land and built one of the first houses there. Little is known of the family from 1829 to 1836. Tannehill acquired the title of "judge," and records show that on November 7, 1831, he was defeated by one vote for the office of síndico procuradorqv by Moses Rousseau. In the early spring of 1836, when invading Mexican forces threatened the settlements along the Colorado, the Tannehills, along with other families, fled in their wagons along the Old San Antonio Road. Afterwards they lived in Huntsville, then moved to La Grange, where they purchased property and lived until 1839. The last of their seven children was born there. Tannehill had secured a headright of 4,428 acres (possibly in the late 1820s) on the Colorado River above Bastrop in what is now Travis County, and in 1836 Capt. Robert M. Colemanqv built his stockade outpost on the northern part of the survey. The fort was abandoned in 1838, and the next year the Tannehills moved onto their headright and built a two-story home of Bastrop sawmill lumber on a rise overlooking the river valley. They used logs from the fort (see FORT COLORADO) for barns and outbuildings. Although the house was moved 200 feet north and east of the original site, it was still occupied in 1971. Tannehill was active in the land development of Travis County, and with several others he laid out the townsite of Montopolis at about the same time Waterloo was selected as capital of the Republic of Texas.qv In July 1839 lots were being sold for the new town, and sites were designated for churches, "seminars of learning," and other public buildings. The town did not develop as expected, and the area reverted to farmland. Tannehill sold the east half of his league in the 1840s, and at his wife's death in 1855 he divided his holdings among his children. He probably continued to live in the Fort Prairie settlement outside Austin until his death on March 18, 1863. He was buried in the family cemetery near his home, and he and his wife were reinterred in the State Cemeteryqv in 1965.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: Mary Starr Barkley, History of Travis County and Austin, 1839-1899 (Waco: Texian Press, 1963). Bastrop Historical Society, In the Shadow of the Lost Pines: A History of Bastrop County and Its People (Bastrop, Texas: Bastrop Advertiser, 1955). History of Texas, Together with a Biographical History of Milam, Williamson, Bastrop, Travis, Lee and Burleson Counties (Chicago: Lewis, 1893). Vertical Files, Austin History Center. Vertical Files, Barker Texas History Center, University of Texas at Austin.


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Goldstar Member
Goldstar Member's Event Journal
Saturday, Feb. 9, 2013 / 10:00am to 6:00pm (Last Entry at 5:00pm)International Spy Museum: The Permanent Exhibit
2 tickets
General Admission
How was your experience?
You choose a new spy identity. And try to remember it for some checkpoints.(it's part of the fun) there are various interesting artifacts


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thanks gilly. do you think it will make the OED
i like them like emma does them as well
21 to 25 of 25 replies
Too many, too big!Jump to latest post
21 to 25 of 25 replies
17 Aug 2013 20:49
thanks gilly. do you think it will make the OED
i like them like emma does them as well
17 Aug 2013 20:51
GillyL wrote (see)
We could start a recipe forum with all these great ideas
Nutcutlett.............love the word "cougetteness"
The link I posted earlier takes you to a Foodie Forum started by an ex member of the BBC food messageboard - anyone's welcome to join or just to have a look and get some recipes
17 Aug 2013 20:55
Thanks Dove
18 Aug 2013 08:43
Have just filled my freezer half my with many individual portions of ratatouille- great recipe from Hugh Fearnly Wittingstall's Veg every day book, also adapted his aubergine parmigiana to use courgeettttes, remaining space in freezer taken up with this.
19 Aug 2013 21:11
We're waiting for our courgettes to get marrow size. Found a recipe for marrow wine.
It's easy,just cut the top off, scrape out seeds and fill with demerara sugar and suspend.


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Big thanks to our attendees, volunteers, speakers and vendors for such a great event… Stay tuned for details on the next one by following us at: facebook.com/worldvegansummit and joining our email list.
Find solutions to our greatest global challenges – climate change, world hunger, disease, deforestation, poverty, drought, energy crises, resource depletion, war, violence – and the suffering and massacre of billions of innocent animals. Coming July 29-31, 2016 to the University of California at Berkeley, one of the world's leading institutions of higher learning – in one of America's most progressive communities – Meet today's most provocative movers and shakers, thinkers and doers – college professors, medical professionals, ethicists, environmentalists, social justice activists, authors, athletes, chefs, and vendors – in a positive, informative, and entertaining environment – indoors and outdoors – and enjoy extraordinary discussion, fantastic food, and exhilarating music.
Festivities for the World Vegan Summit & Expo begin with the first-ever "VEGAN (Because We Care!) Walk", 1-mile stroll from historic People's Park to the Berkeley Campus.