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I highly recommend this music to get you into the Spirit of Advent! You can download it now and listen or you can order one of those old fashioned CDs:)
To Download the CD Click Here
To order the CD Version Click here:
Here's some good YouTube videos too for your enjoyment:
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Friday, November 30, 2012
Thursday, November 29, 2012
The Saint Andrew Novena... from Advent until Christmas
What do you really want for Christmas?
Can it really come in a box? Is there something more that you want? Maybe it is for healing in your marriage... for a closeness to God... for a son or daughter who has lost their way... for a loved one who is addicted to drugs or alcohol to find freedom... for inner peace... for freedom from a particular sin or temptation... for Christ to come into your heart... to really believe in God.. these are real Christmas Miracles.
You can ask God for any of these!
One popular Advent devotion always begins on November 30, the Feast of Saint Andrew the Apostle. On this day, we begin the Saint Andrew Christmas Novena, also known as the Christmas Anticipation Prayer or simply the Christmas Novena. While a novena is technically a nine-day prayer (the word comes from the Latin word for nine, novem), the name is sometimes applied to any prayer that we say repeatedly over a series of days.
In this case, Catholics pray the Saint Andrew Christmas Novena prayer 15 times each day from the Feast of Saint Andrew until Christmas. The prayer is addressed to God the Father and asks Him to grant us our request in honor of the birth of His Son on Christmas. It's an excellent prayer to pray with children, because it heightens their anticipation of Christmas, while keeping them focused on the fact that Advent is a time of preparation, and not an extension of the Christmas season.
You can pray the text of the prayer 15 times all at once, or you can spread it out throughout the day. One convenient way to pray it is to recite it five times at each meal, or five times during your morning prayers, five times during your evening prayers, and five times at supper. Be sure, when you begin the novena, to have a particular intention or request in mind, and recall it each time you say the prayer.
Here is a good article on this from the Catholic Universe Bulletin.
Posted by Fr. Michael Denk at 11:29 PM
1 comment:
Monday, November 26, 2012
FrMichael J. Denk
But those who enjoy the things that are above and eternal rather than earthly and perishable, possess an incorruptible, hidden store of which the prophet speaks: Our treasure and salvation have come, wisdom and instruction and piety from the Lord: these are the treasures of justice. Through these, with the help of God's grace, even earthly possessions are transformed into heavenly blessings; it is a fact that many people use the wealth which is either rightfully left to them or otherwise acquired, as a tool of devotion. By distributing what might be superfluous to support the poor, they are amassing imperishable riches, so that what they have discreetly given cannot be subject to loss. They have properly placed those riches where their heart is; it is a most blessed thing to work to increase such riches rather than to fear that they may pass away. -office of readings
Posted by Fr. Michael Denk at 10:21 PM
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Friday, November 23, 2012
Thursday, November 22, 2012
"My prayers are with you and your loved ones this day."
Happy Thanksgiving!
Love, Fr. Michael
Come, let us sing to the Lord *
and shout with joy to the Rock who saves us.
Let us approach him with praise and thanksgiving *
and sing joyful songs to the Lord.
Here is some more scripture to pray with:
From the new testament:
From the Old Testament
Happy Thanksgiving!
Love, Fr. Michael
Come, let us sing to the Lord *
and shout with joy to the Rock who saves us.
Let us approach him with praise and thanksgiving *
and sing joyful songs to the Lord.
Here is some more scripture to pray with:
From the new testament:
From the Old Testament
Posted by Fr. Michael Denk at 10:27 AM
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Monday, November 19, 2012
Sunday, November 18, 2012
Photos from the Holy Land
So there are a LOT of pictures here! This is really so all of the pilgrims can have access to all of the pictures especially the ones that I took of them. Enjoy!
On the top right you can sort by "Date Created"
Also to download the entire folder (Which will make it easier to access) on the top you will find a tab that says "Folder Actions" Click on that end then select "Download Folder."
You can also click "Order Prints" if you would like to have them printed and mailed to you.
(Thanks to Betty Jean and David Gantz for snapping a couple of me... they are memories I will treasure).
Boarding the ship on the Sea of Galilee.
With Jareer overlooking the Sea of Galilee and Capernaum where Jesus multiplied the loaves and the fish, taught the beatitudes and said to Peter: "And so I say to you, you are Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church, and the gates of the netherworld shall not prevail against it." (Matthew chapter 16)
Taking in the amazing Sites.
Praying morning prayer as we went by boat across the Sea of Galilee. It was very moving to pray the psalms on the very water where Jesus calmed the storms, walked on water, and taught the people.
Praying before mass at the "Church of St. Peter's House."
Praying on the shore of the Sea of Galilee:
After this, Jesus revealed himself again to his disciples at the Sea of Tiberias. He revealed himself in this way.
Together were Simon Peter, Thomas called Didymus, Nathanael from Cana in Galilee, Zebedee's sons, and two others of his disciples.
Simon Peter said to them, "I am going fishing." They said to him, "We also will come with you." So they went out and got into the boat, but that night they caught nothing.
When it was already dawn, Jesus was standing on the shore; but the disciples did not realize that it was Jesus.
Jesus said to them, "Children, have you caught anything to eat?" They answered him, "No."
So he said to them, "Cast the net over the right side of the boat and you will find something." So they cast it, and were not able to pull it in because of the number of fish.
So the disciple whom Jesus loved said to Peter, "It is the Lord." When Simon Peter heard that it was the Lord, he tucked in his garment, for he was lightly clad, and jumped into the sea.
The other disciples came in the boat, for they were not far from shore, only about a hundred yards, dragging the net with the fish.
When they climbed out on shore, they saw a charcoal fire with fish on it and bread.
Jesus said to them, "Bring some of the fish you just caught."
So Simon Peter went over and dragged the net ashore full of one hundred fifty-three large fish. Even though there were so many, the net was not torn.
Jesus said to them, "Come, have breakfast." And none of the disciples dared to ask him, "Who are you?" because they realized it was the Lord.
Jesus came over and took the bread and gave it to them, and in like manner the fish.
This was now the third time Jesus was revealed to his disciples after being raised from the dead.
Jesus and Peter.
When they had finished breakfast, Jesus said to Simon Peter, "Simon, son of John, do you love me more than these?" He said to him, "Yes, Lord, you know that I love you." He said to him, "Feed my lambs."
He then said to him a second time, "Simon, son of John, do you love me?" He said to him, "Yes, Lord, you know that I love you." He said to him, "Tend my sheep."
He said to him the third time, "Simon, son of John, do you love me?" Peter was distressed that he had said to him a third time, "Do you love me?" and he said to him, "Lord, you know everything; you know that I love you." [Jesus] said to him, "Feed my sheep.
Amen, amen, I say to you, when you were younger, you used to dress yourself and go where you wanted; but when you grow old, you will stretch out your hands, and someone else will dress you and lead you where you do not want to go."
He said this signifying by what kind of death he would glorify God. And when he had said this, he said to him, "Follow me." (John 21)
Posted by Fr. Michael Denk at 8:30 PM
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Back safe and sound
Back safe and sound from the Holy Land. My family was there to greet me there at the airport. I look forward to sharing the pictures and the stories with all of you!
Posted by Fr. Michael Denk at 8:42 AM
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Monday, November 12, 2012
Mass in Bethlehem
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Sunday, November 11, 2012
Holy Land - The Holy Sepulcher
Today we entered the City of Jerusalem to pray the stations of the cross. We entered through Herod's gate. I most enjoyed walking through the city streets, alley ways, and paths. It was dirty and grimy, but these were the streets that Jesus once walked on, maybe layer upon layer upon layer below, but it was here in this city of Jerusalem that he carried the cross onto his death. As we walked the "Via Dolorosa" (The way of suffering literally, or the way of the cross). I most appreciated that it was in this setting that Jesus was forced to carry his cross, through the market place, through the middle of the city, I noticed the church of the flagelation had a large stone outside of the front of it with a round center and two square wholes on either side... I wonder if it was this stone that Jesus was bound to as he was whipped and mocked. Over and over again I had the image of Jesus being tied up, trapped, helpless, no going back... for example when he was in prison in the cistern, when he was bound and tied, whipped and beaten, and finally when he was bound by nails to the cross.
There was a mosaic on the ceiling in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher where they have the large piece of the true cross. The mosaic showed Jesus tied up and on the bottom left was a ram caught in a thorny bush. (like the ram that Isaac found to replace the sacrifice of his son).
After reaching down a dark hole and touching the relic of the cross we proceeded to the place of the empty tomb.
When we finally reached the center of the basilica they have an area that holds the burial stone (bed) that they laid the body of Jesus on. After waiting in line for a half an hour we finally reached it. As we climbed into the back of the grotto and our eyes adjusted to the candlelight there was a stone bed worn, stained with blood, and smooth. This was the final place that Jesus' body would ever lie. I found myself wanting to lie upon it... so I laid my face down and my arms and rested. I had a unexpected sense of peace. Peace... Peace... Peace.... "Peace be with you."
Reflecting back on it I can hear the words of Jesus saying: "Come to me all you who labor and are burdened and I will give you rest, take my Yoke upon you and learn from me for I am meek and humble of heart." I felt rest, I felt a moment of Surrender which I so long for and yet find it so difficult to do. With that came the sense of "learn from me." It's ok if you suffer, it's ok if you don't get everything that you want, it's ok if you are mistreated, it's ok if you are abadoned, it's ok if you are rejected, it's ok if you are persecuted because you preach what I teach you, it's ok to try and stop manipulating life, and people, and events... come to me, stop wrestling life, stop fighting people, stop trying to make it all your way and learn from me. Be meek and humble of heart... accept it all, everything, everyone, all of it.... and you will find rest. You do not have to fear the cross, you do not have to fear suffering, you do not even have to fear the dark night. My yoke is easy and my burden is light... surrender to me and you will be the good priest that I have created you to be. Let go of your attachments... let go of your idols, Let go of those who disappoint you, let go of those whom you are too dependent on, and I will provide you with the Father's love. I am where you will find rest and this is the only way to peace. You do not, nor should you every think to provide for yourself, take what life gives to you, take it all without trepidition, for you can have this rest.... this peace... this unburdening... that is the freedom that comes with accepting the cross... that is the lightness of my burden.. And when you lay your life down that final time, because I have risen, you too shall rise.
Celebrating the Eucharist was amazing because again the words in the Roman Missal indicated that the mystery is and was here... in this holy place...
HERE, I have risen, and I am with you still, Alleluia.
You have laid your hand upon me, alleluia.
Too wonderful for me, this knowledge, alleluia, alleluia.
"Very early when the sun had risen, on teh first day of the week,
they came to THIS tomb.
"Do not be amazed!
you seek Jesus of Nazareth, the crucified,
He has been raied, he is not HERE.
behold the place where they laid him.
There was this sense that we are visiting this place that Jesus was... right here in this tomb, on that rock which my hands have touched... but because of the Resurection he is NOT here. What I mean is that Jesus is NOT limited to this place anymore. He is with us wherever we are and wherever we go.
We each came on this pilgrimage with our own struggles, our lives are not perfect, there are people and relationships that are not the way that I would like them to be, but all of it is very providential. There are boulders in my life, in yours, in my spiritual life and yours, in my personal life and yours, and in my priestly life that I of my own accord cannot move... these boulders seem seem so big. But it was here that the women came worried about how they were going to move such a heavy stone because they wanted to see Jesus one last time. They wanted to anoint His body and give him a proper burial after the unproper death He had just endured.
Perhaps there is a heavy stone in your life right now that you can't seem to move. Maybe it seems like you will never be able to move it. But when we least expect it, early in the morning Jesus will remove that boulder. As he did on the Resurrection.
The greatest mystery of our faith happened because Jesus WASN'T there. It was actually in His physical absence, the empty tomb, the bed of stone with no body, that they came to believe in the Resurrection. So it is with us. It often seems in our lives that when God seems absent, when we face what seem to be insurmountable challenges, when we try to remove the boulders in our lives and can't... it is then... after we have exerted all of our enegery, when we have used up every last resource, when we have finally tried moving it ourselves and surrendered, when we have come to the point that we realize we cannot do it on our own... it is then that God, not us, moves the boulder.
Sometimes in our lives all we can do is... give up... give up our own wills, our own desires, our own way.
All we can do is behold the place where they laid him. All we can do is trust and believe in the promise of our faith. In those moments we must stay with the emptiness, stay with the darkness, remain at the empty tomb, lay our heads, our arms and our hearts upon the stone bed and only then will God reveal to us the Resurection. At that moment of mystery, our stones will be rolled away, what seemed impossible becomes possible, our burden's will be made light, our crosses will be acepted, our surrender will be full and without amends, our will will be Yours and not ours. Whatever it is that we struggle with, we don't have to reject it, we don't have to try to get rid of it, we don't even have to remove it or avoid it. We just simply need to surrender, accept the cross, and then and only then will we experience the freedom of this Resurected Life.
Enjoy the pictures!
The tree of Zaccheaus
Archway in Jerusalem.
Hand print of Christ in Agony.
Angel outside the Holy Sepulcher.
Swimming/floating really in the Dead sea
The Burial Stone where Jesus' Body was laid.
Cannon Ball into a pit of mud at the "Dead Sea". Quite possible the first person/priest to do this.
I have to say I felt like a million bucks after this mud bath!
Mosaic of the Ram caught in the thorn bush.
Group Shot on the stairs outside of the Holy Sepulcher.
Icon of Christ Crucified above the relic of the "True Cross."
Celebrating Easter Mass at the Empty Tomb.
The "Pool of Bethesda"
The Garden of Gethsemane.
Entering the Church at the Garden of Gethsemane... "Silence."
The Stone inside the Church that Jesus wept upon and said "Father, not my will but yours."
The Mount of Olives.
Sunset from the Mount of Olives overlooking Jerusalem.
Riding a camel.
The moment of Consecration at the Holy Sepulcher.
Posted by Fr. Michael Denk at 8:09 AM
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Forums → Games → [necro] Frontier 2?
Since everyone is talking about the upcoming games. I might as well add my opinion to a new game hopeful.
Frontier 2 would be really cool
That is the link to the real first game
- 57 Replies
i would love a frontier 2 the first was awesome but too short. it has alot of things that could make it better
Dear Developers please develop a second version for Frontier, eg Frontier 2.
I feel that a longer gameplay with greater depth in storyline as well as the options for players to be say both a buccaneer and enforcer at the same time, eg stealth missions.
The weapons available in the game are highly simplistic, was hoping something with greater similarity to that of Feudalism 2
Frontier 2 should make so that your own guild doesn't attack you, like if you are the Buccaneer Guildmaster and a Buccaneer attacks you and if your a high level Enforcer and other enforcers take it into their heart to search you for illegal cargo... Frontier 2 should fix that up.
frontier two would be so awesome it could have online and many more weapons and stuff and have a larger map
YES YES YES that would be super awesome
someone knows how my character in frontier would be healed????
Frontier 2 should have unique upgrades to the interface of the game as well as an in depth storyline to bring it to the next level. Currently it possesses outstanding objectives for players but with improvements on the game it would attract moregamers
I'm still waiting on this game. The current game is riddled with bugs for me and it has officially made the game unplayable. I have a quest and every time I leave the city, I get stopped by buccaneers and it doesn't give me any options at all. It says that buccaneers are trying to prevent me from delivering a package, and that's it, that's all that shows up on the screen. I can't flee, I can't fight, nothing. There are no options at all, and every time I go back into the game, the same thing happens. I ignored all the other bugs in this game, but now that it's unplayable for me, I really want Frontier 2 to happen.
Larger map would be a great idea with more cities that you can role.Furthermore more than two guides would also be perfect.In addision I thing that there must be more weapon and armor in the shop so you would be able to be better and better.Finally more different goods for sale would be also great
I really want Frontier 2 to be released too!
Don't revive threads older than a few months, especially if there is no good reason to it. This thread has been necro'd twice now, hence locked.
Thread is locked!

subset: commoncrawl


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Texans Notes: Schaub receives accolade
Published 6:30 am, Thursday, December 11, 2008
Texans quarterback Matt Schaub was named the AFC Player of the Week for his 414-yard performance against the Green Bay Packers last Sunday. It marks the first time in team history that a quarterback has won that honor.
"It's an incredible honor, but that's not possible without a whole lot of other guys playing really, really well," Schaub said.
Constant companion
Texans wide receiver Jacoby Jones fumbled two punts last week, including one that was lost. The team has started him back on the regimen of carrying a football with him wherever he goes.
"He needs to carry two of them right now," said coach Gary Kubiak. "It's just been frustrating, because he can help us win. Just putting that ball on the ground like that is going to get us beat."
Injury report
Safety Nick Ferguson returned to practice on a limited basis Wednesday. The Texans are hopeful he can return to his starting role this week after missing last week with a knee injury.
Guard Chester Pitts (ankle) was held out of practice, as was defensive end Jesse Nading (knee).


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Any email app worth mentioning can send newsletters, so let's look at which ones make email marketing easy and effective. We dug into 25 of the most popular apps that send email newsletters, picked out their best features, and put it all together in this roundup. If you're looking for a great way to send emails to all of your contacts, this is the article for you.
Via Meg Appleby


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- UFC Joe Rogan Says Transgendered Fallon Fox Shouldn't Fight Women
- P.J. Carlesimo Says he Doesn't Know why Latrell Sprewell Choked him
4 thoughts on "High School Kid Asks Kate Upton to Prom (Video)"
March 19, 2013 at 4:21 PMPermalink
White boys really think they can do anything, don't they?
March 19, 2013 at 4:49 PMPermalink
Ms Upton has some nice boobs…
March 19, 2013 at 7:39 PMPermalink
miss upton has responded, job well done
April 14, 2014 at 12:11 AMPermalink
Damn it im 14 and id do anything to meet her for 1 minute anything damn
Comments are closed.


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Running drush on windows (I know...) Tried reinstall of drush, msysgit and wamp. It started after running sql-sync and rsync. Incidentally that led to permissions problems on the new files so that sql sync never actually worked but that's a separate problem now.
** EDIT: So, several reinstalls later and I've narrowed the problem. I haven't seen this exact error on Google at but there are variations on it ('git' is not a recognized command for example) and it appears that it is a windows error when the .bat file or executable cannot be found. I have poured over the environment variables several times and tried the windows installer (5.8 just released for windows) leaving it to install the variables in their default locations. Drush works fine in the drush window and it even works in the msysgit window but with this error constantly before it
'mode' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
operable program or batch file.
Drupal version : 6.26
Site URI : http://default
Database driver : mysql
Database hostname : localhost
Database username : dev
Database name : mydevdb
Database : Connected
Drupal bootstrap : Successful
Drupal user : Anonymous
Default theme : my_theme
Administration theme : seven
PHP configuration : C:\Program Files (x86)\Drush\Php\php.ini
Drush version : 5.8
Drush configuration :
Drupal root : c:/wamp/www/dev_testulearn
Site path : sites/default
File directory path : sites/default/files
Temporary file directory path : tmp
Appreciate any help you can give!
Comment #3jonhattan CreditAttribution: jonhattan commented
It seems you don't have the path to those commands in the PATH env variable.
Tagging a reference to #1820166: Add command(s) to check if external commands are available.
Comment #7friesk CreditAttribution: friesk commented
Hi, there. Learning the ins and outs of a the various ways to upgrade from D6 to D7 here. I get stuck in stage 12-a now instead of just getting stuck at the status report point. I *think* I am having similar or same difficulties, but a little flummoxed when it comes to naming the mysql and php file path variable in the environment variables on an winXP system. I am at the right place, but if I call it "PATH" it overwrites it (the old one from the Drush install) rather than adding one. What did you call your wamp-specific variables? So, while it seems Ok to overwrite the PHP path, what would I name the mysql path, which is what *appears* to be the problem? I am hoping the file path I have (C:\wamp\bin\mysql\mysql5.1.36\bin) will work, though it does not look like the php path from the install (C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\Drush\;C:\Program Files\Drush\GnuWin32\bin;C:\Program Files\Drush\Php)--for better or worse. I think I tried calling it 'mysql' w/o luck. Any and all help is most appreciated!
Comment #9friesk CreditAttribution: friesk commented
This really helps. MOST appreciated!
Comment #9.0friesk CreditAttribution: friesk commented
More info


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text:
|Related Sections:
|Manatee County
|Sarasota County
Oak Ford Golf Club - Lakes Course5601 Country Club Way
Sarasota, FL 34243
Phone: (941)355-9738Fax: (941)351-4537
This club has two championship courses. The Lakes Course lives up to its name by having water hazards in play on every hole. There are more than sixty well-positioned sand bunkers on this flat layout, and there are more trees that come into play here then on the Championship Course. The Championship Course is a traditional design with water hazards coming into play on at least thirteen holes. The club plans to enlarge the greens on both courses, which presently are slightly sloped and medium speed. Both courses are home to an abundance of local wildlife, including many species of birds and alligators. The signature hole is #18 on the Championship Course. This hole is a 400-yard, par 4, which requires an approach shot over water to an island green that includes a beautiful fountain just to the left of the green.
|Holes: 18
|Greens: Bermuda Grass
|Fairways: Bermuda Grass
|Greens Fees:
|Course Type:
|Dress Code:
|No denim, collared shirt and bermuda shorts required
|Guest Policy:
* Update this Course: Update/modify the details for this golf course's listing.
*All Greens Fees provided are subject to change. Please call the golf course to confirm the current fees.


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Teen boot camps are institutions that deal with helping troubled teenagers get over their problems. Without the help of these institutions, many teenagers would have been lost to their problems. The programs of boot camps have saved more lives than can be counted and they helped countless teens to regain their lives. The most common problems that can be found in teen boot camps are:
• An excessive abuse of alcohol
• Overeating until it leads to obesity
• Obsessing about one's weight until it turns to anorexia
• Use of drugs
These problems are correct by introducing the teens to a strict military type program and helping them get over their problems with exercise. Everything starts from achieving a healthy body and with it the kids will go on to have a healthy mind. Presented next are some of the most important aspects of the teen boot camps.
The teenagers with problems will be surprised by the relaxing environment that they will find at these institutions. Because they will be surrounded by kids with similar issues, they will stop feeling self-conscious about their problems and start forgetting about them. They will socialize and start making friends, which will be very easy because they will not be judged by the other teens, since they all came there to solve problems. The personnel assisting these teens will focus on their needs and nothing else, being available to listen and offer advice at any time of day or night. Thus, with this relaxed atmosphere, teens will be able to begin their healing process and start getting better.
These programs usually last between 28 and 35 days, rare being the cases when they have to be longer than 35 days. Because of their short period of time, they are extremely intensive and strenuous for the body. In this period the kids will have to learn how to evict their issues from their bodies and minds through the power of exercise and conversation.
Some of the most common reasons why parents decide to send their children at boot camps, to solve their behavior problems, are because they feel overwhelmed with the situation. Teenagers can lose their way considerably and they may even place their life in harm's way due to various dangerous activities.
The efficiency of boot camps has been proven in various instances and through many reports and statistics. Boot camps have the greatest chance, out of all rehabilitation institutes, to actually achieve their goals and help the attending kids. Through their methods and by employing only experienced professionals, boot camps can give a lost teen its life back.
As you were able to see above, the service done by teen boot camps is invaluable for mankind. The families that were saved and made whole once more by these types of institutions can attest to the quality of services that are delivered at teen boot camps. Of course, like in any domain, the best institutions are quite pricy, but how can money be considered when a human life is at stake.


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Facebook Covers
Welcome to F-covers here you can find high quality Facebook covers for your fb profile, you can choose your new fb cover photo by clicking the cover that takes your fancy! You can either choose from our wide range of category menus found on the top and the bottom of our site or simply click on the cover you would like to use. All our facebook covers are uploaded by our users, please feel free to signup and share some of your own with us!
Disclaimer: F-covers.com is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by Facebook, Inc. This site is 100% user uploaded. Have a complaint? Please see our DMCA


text:
Enter a topic and watch the tweets stream in:
Or sign in with Twitter to view a personalized show
TweetBeam visualizes Twitter in a unique way. Experience what people around the world are sharing about any topic you care about. Sit back and relax as the Tweets slide in!
Engage with your audience! Use TweetBeam to visualize the conversation around your event.Pictured above are Jim Carrey and Eckhart Tolle supported by a TweetBeam show.
Erg mooie twitterwall. Kwam 'm toevallig tegen….
Sorteer of filter op hashtag of gebruiker of lijst.
Geef aan wat je echt niet wilt zien.
See full story on tweetbeam.com


text:
Do you find it a challenge to buy boots that fit your calves correctly? We have discussed wide calf boots but as some of you pointed out, it is also a challenge to find narrow-calf boots. Too much space in the calf area leaves a sloppy look and feel.
Here are some tips when shopping for tall boots that will help you find your correct calf width.
- Measure the largest part of your calf with a soft, flexible tape measure. Measure in both inches and centimeters. US sizes will be labeled in inches; European sizes will be labeled in centimeters.
- Armed with your measurement, shopping will be easier. When shopping online, just Google "Narrow Calf Boots," "Slim Calf Boots" or "Boots with 13 inch circumference" (substitute your personal calf circumference).
- Good websites will have the calf circumference measurement.
- Look for styles that have adjustable buckles or ties at the calf that allow you to customize the calf width.
- It is also important, especially for petites, to make sure that the shafts of tall boots aren't too high. A boot can fit the calf but still gape because it's length is too long for your leg. If this is true for you, look for boots with a shorter shaft height, like a couple of the styles featured below.
- Expect to pay more. Inexpensive boots (under $100) are made as "one size fits many". For a more customized fit, you'll need to shop more expensive brands with higher quality craftsmanship. Look for styles that are classic, with little detail that might date them, so you can wear your boots for years to come.
- Two great sites to shop for narrow calf boots are Nordstrom and Duo Boots. Sign-up for their newsletters and watch for sales!
Freebird Phoenix Boot
Munro American Ann Boot
MICHAEL Michael Kors Hamilton Boot
UGG Jardin Boot
Vince Camuto Kamino Boot
Earth Chinook Boot
Charles by Charles David 'Beyond' Boot
Vince Camuto Vacilla
Good luck on your search. When you find your perfect pair, care for them well so they last you many, many years!
If you found this post helpful, please share with your friends! xo
*This post contains affiliate links that generate commissions for A Mom in Red High Heels.
TAMMY GIBSON, founder of A Mom in Red High Heels, is a Fashion, Beauty and Lifestyle Blogger | Red Heel Lover | Personal Development Enthusiast. Her personal motto is to live life with style and confidence! Become a VIP to stay in touch with Tammy and stay up-to-date on the latest beauty and style advice on A Mom in Red High Heels!


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Can a US green card holder bring his wife to america within six months? 5 Answers as of June 08, 2011I have recently heard that under a particular immigration rule an American green card can holder bring his wife to the United States within six months of legal marriage. As I am an American green card holder I got married after I got the immigrant visa to the US. I received the permanent resident's card later when I came to the US. I would like to know if there is any chance to bring my wife to America within six months and if there is any what are the legal procedures?
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World Esquire Law Firm | Aime Katambwe
I don't know that this is generally feasible but I may be wrong (I doubt it). Because you are a LPR who married after you became one, you will have to file an I-130 visa petition just like everyone else and follow the steps that will lead your wife to immigrate to the US. It will not be 6 months. The way to kind of have an idea how long it might take is to look at the visa bulletin online and look at the F2A category and her country of origin. That will tell you generally what kind of time frame you should have in mind. Good luck!
Answer Applies to: California
Replied: 6/8/2011
Verdin Law Firm, LLC | Isaul Verdin
You have to naturalize if you want to bring your wife within 6 months.
Answer Applies to: Texas
Replied: 6/8/2011
Law Office of Christine Troy | Christine Troy
Processing times vary all the time, so once you start the immigrant visa process-which is three steps- then it may be possible. However currently, it is taking DHS about six months to complete the first step so I think adding a few months on to that is more realistic.
Answer Applies to: California
Replied: 6/8/2011
Pacifica Legal Services | Floyd Fernandez
Since you are a legal resident, not a citizen, your wife, once you file for her petition and it is approved, your wife is assigned a priority date, and only when it is reached by USCIS or the U.S. Dept. of State (runs consulate/embassy applications). Right now, for a spouse of a legal permanent resident, the wait is a little less than 4 years. If you wish the help of an attorney (and you should), please feel free to give me an appointment by phone or e-mail, to set up a meeting for consultation with an attorney.
Answer Applies to: California
Replied: 6/8/2011
Immigration Law Offices of Misiti Global, PLLC. | Nicklaus Misiti
No they cannot it takes approximately 3 years. If you are a US citizen it may take approximately 6 months.
Answer Applies to: New York
Replied: 6/7/2011


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I really found this infographic on the ROI (Return On Investment) of a college education to be enlightening.
And slightly annoying. Costs have gone up 4 times faster than other consumer prices? Not cool.
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An Essay, an Interview, and a Pep-talk
November, home of great events like Thanksgiving, NaNoWriMo, and Veteran's Day, is drawing to a close. This is fine, because December is next, and it's where we find Hanukah, Christmas, New Year's Eve, and Let's All Go See The Hobbit.
You probably recall the 2013 Calendar I wouldn't shut up about all month. Sandra is sorting the pre-orders for that right now, and we hope to ship those out at the very beginning of Hobbit-Month. Meanwhile, perhaps you'd like to read about what goes into writing mercenary maxims? I've written a guest-post over on Jennifer Brozek's blog in which I talk at length about how difficult it can be to write the right 95 words. The article is called "Nothing But Pith," and I'm quite pleased with it.
I was also interviewed by The Webcomics Alliance during November. They have a ten-question boilerplate which I did my best to respond to. You be the judge. In fact, you can be the judge AND post a comment to that effect.
Finally, with NaNoWriMo wrapping up, I have recorded a "slipped deadline" pep-talk for all of you novel-writing participants. It includes a dirty secret! If you like writing, you can hear me talk about stuff like this every week on the popular, award-winning, Hugo-nominated Writing Excuses podcast.
That's all for now. You have fun things to read, or listen to. Me, I need to take down all of these turkey decorations and start painting hair on my feet.


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It's fall and a perfect time to study pumpkins!
First I read the class Pumpkin Circle: The Story of a Garden by George Levenson and Shmuel Thaler, a lovely book about the life-cycle of a pumpkin. The photos in this book are gorgeous. We talked about the circularity of life.
Next I cut open a pumpkin at school and had the children identify the rind, the pulp, the stem, and the seeds. We then made little Montessori "Parts of the Pumpkin" books.
I explained to the children that we would not waste our pumpkin and we would be eating the pulp and the seeds. Several of them seemed somewhat aghast at the prospect.
I roasted the seeds in the oven at school so the children could enjoy the lovely smell and hopefully be more encouraged to try them! Only one child out of a class of twenty-five did not wish to try one, and of all those who tried, only two did not clamor for seconds and thirds. This was a huge hit!
I took the rest of the pumpkin home and made pumpkin bread with the pulp. That will be going to school tomorrow and I think all will enjoy it.
In the interest of scientific research we put some of the pulp and a few seeds in a tightly sealed jar. I labeled it with the date and placed it on the science shelf. I asked the children to predict what, if anything, would happen to it. A few predict it will stay exactly the same forever. A few said it would grow mold. I told them to inspect it every day to see for themselves.
(Next year we might try this clever version of the decaying pumpkin experiment!)
We also cut the top of a second pumpkin and filled it with dirt. We watered it and set it in a sunny window to see if the seeds would grow. I'll report back on the results.
NOTE (added March 4, 2012): This turned out wonderfully! Please see the next post, What We've Been Up To for details and a photo of it now!
I dyed some pumpkin seeds red, orange, yellow, and green and set them out in bowls on a tray with some black construction paper. They have been making pictures and designs with them.
Finally, I put this simple pumpkin color-by-number on the shelf along with a laminated completed one to use as a guide. It has been popular.
(Oh, and we also painted pumpkins at our school's annual Fall Festival!!)
Growing in Pre K – Post: Pumpkins
Rinse the seeds thoroughly and remove all pulp and strings. Spread them out and let them dry on paper towels. Put in the seeds in a bowl and add just a TEENY TINY bit of olive oil to make the seasonings stick (not too much, or they will be greasy). Toss to coat them in oil, then add seasonings and toss again. I use Jim Baldridge's Secret Seasoning (yum!) but you can use anything you like, even just salt. Some people do cinnamon and sugar, however I like mine savory and have never tried this. Spread them on a cookie sheet lined with parchment paper. Try to spread evenly so very few overlap. Bake in a 250 degree (Farenheit) oven (this is fairly low heat for those who do not use Farenheit). Check them after 45 minutes, but they might take an hour to an hour and a half at this temperature to be done. They are done when crispy seeming and crunch loudly when bitten. NOTE: They might not brown much, but as long as they crunch, that is OK!
Ingredients :
- 1 and 2/3 cups all-purpose flour
- 1 teaspoon baking soda
- 3/4 teaspoon ground cinnamon
- 1/4 teaspoon ground ginger
- 1/4 teaspoon ground cloves
- 1/4 plus 1/8 teaspoon kosher (ie. course) salt
- 1 and 1/3 cups sugar
- 1/3 cup canola oil
- 1 cup plus 1 and 1/2 tablespoons canned, unsweetened pumpkin (or fresh pumpkin pulp that has been boiled, or roasted in water and removed from the skin)
- 1 large egg
Preheat oven to 350 degrees (Farenheit, a medium setting for those who do not use Farenheit). Grease and flour an 8.5 x 4.5 inch loaf pan. Sift together first 5 ingredients then stir in kosher salt. Combine sugar, oil, and pumpkin in a large bowl. Beat at medium speed with an electric mixer until smooth. Add egg, beating until well-blended. Gradually add dry ingredients, beating at low speed until blended. Pour batter into pan. Bake for about 1 hour and 5 minutes or until loaf is golden and a wooden pick inserted in the center comes out clean. (NOTE – I start checking on it early. It will be dry if you over-bake.) Let cool in pan on wire rack for 15 minutes, then remove from pan. Serve warm or at room temperature.
6 Responses to "Pumpkins"
Sounds like a wildly fun time! I like all the pumpkin based activities and I'll bet most kids never even had a clue you could eat pumpkin seeds. ;) Love it!
We are wondering if the pumpkin with the seeds and dirt grew anything?
With Care and Thanks,
The Johnson kids, Ethan and Emma
I do pumpkin activities with my 2nd graders each year. We make a hypothesis about which pumpkin will have the most seeds. Each group has a pumpkin and we measure the circumference, weigh the pumpkins, scoop and count the seeds. Each group chooses a different flavoring for the seeds. Some flavors have been chocolate (dry hot cocoa mix) cheddar, ranch, cinnamon and sugar, butter and salt, etc. Once we taste them, we take a poll and create pie graphs about our favorite flavor.Each year I learn something unique about how children approach tasks and how the dynamics of groups can affect the learning process and outcomes. Your blog is very informative and encouraging.
A friend of ours makes a meal in a pumpkin (sort of like a stuffed pepper). They have done it for 40 years and the kids all still look forward to it every year.


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While inflation has begun to impact the U.S. economy, peripherals pricing has remained steady, making them an increasingly strong bargain compared to other non-IT goods and services.
Out of this environment there emerges a picture of a healthy margin structure for peripherals, which the Test Center details in this 2008 Margin Makers special report. And it's a picture that should hold while the market continues to adopt the new technical breakthroughs and usage patterns.


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The CBB continues our countdown for the 2010 College Baseball season by checking in on the Top 100 Players in the country. We will be providing one player per day until we reach number 1.
We continue the list today with number 13 in our countdown with junior outfielder Michael Choice from UT-Arlington. He is from Arlington Texas and attended Mansfield Timberview High School. He hit hit .506 as a senior with 42 hits, 17 stolen bases and six home runs while hitting .443 as a junior with 35 hits, nine stolen bases and two homers en route to earning first team All-District 15-4A honors as a junior second baseman. He was also a first team All-District 15-4A pick as a sophomore catcher.
Michael decided to continue his baseball career at nearby Texas-Arlington. He made an immediate impact in the lineup as he appeared in 50 games as he led the Mavericks in the three triple crown categories with a .376 average, seven homers, and 51 RBI. He picked up several awards including Rivals.com Freshman All-American, National Collegiate Baseball Writers Association First Team Freshman All-American, Baseball America Second Team Freshman All-American, Louisville Slugger/Collegiate Baseball Newspaper Freshman All-American, while picking up Southland Conference Freshman of the Year and Second Team All-Southland Conference.
Choice continued his strong college career during his sophomore season in 2009 when he finished third on the team with a .413 average as he played in all 56 games. He led the team with 11 homers while finishing second on the team with 52 RBI. He won two awards as he was named 2009 American Baseball Coaches Association Second Team South Central All-Region and to 2009 First Team All-Southland Conference team. He played the summer of 2009 with the USA Collegiate National Team where he played in 23 games including starting 18 of them. He had a .350 average while hitting three homers and driving in 13 runs. Baseball America rated him as the 8th best prospect from the 2009 USA Collegiate National Team.
Choice already picking up awards for the 2010 season as he has been named a Louisville Slugger/Collegiate Baseball Newspaper second team preseason All-American and NCBWA third team preseason All-American.
You can check out our Top 100 countdown by clicking here.


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EU scientists approve life-saving meningitis vaccine
17/11/2012 - 11:50:48Back to Ireland Home
A life-saving vaccine against the deadliest form of meningitis has been approved by EU scientists.
However, it is likely to be at least another year before it is available in Ireland.
This new vaccine, called Bexsero, fights the most common strain, Meningitis B.
Around 17 people here die from the illness every year, making Ireland the country with the highest incidence rate of the disease in Europe.
Ireland's leading meningitis charity Meningitis Research Foundation has welcomed the news that the potentially lifesaving vaccine is one step closer, but said the vaccine is unlikely to be available in Ireland until the end of 2013, at the earliest.
The new vaccine will require a licence from the European Commission before governments can consider it for implementation.


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The Gorgon released October 18, 1964
The Gorgon is a 1964 British horror film directed by Terence Fisher for Hammer.
It stars Peter Cushing, Christopher Lee, Barbara Shelley and Richard Pasco. The film was photographed by Michael Reeves, and designed by Bernard Robinson. For the score James Bernard combined a soprano with a little-known electronic instrument called the Novachord. The film marks one of the few occasions when Hammer turned to Greek mythology for inspiration; this time it is the legend of the Gorgon that is respun for the Hammer audiences.
Tagline: A Monster With the Power to Turn Living Screaming Flesh Into Stone!
- Prudence Hyman's snake-filled wig was worked by five wires which were attached to a box that was about 25 feet behind her.
- Although the UK cinema version was uncut some shots of the Gorgon's decapitated head were slightly darkened by the BBFC.
- Actress Barbara Shelley, who played the possessed heroine, Carla Hoffmann, wanted to play the part of the gorgon as well for continuity, and suggested to producer Anthony Nelson Keys that she use a special wig with live green garden snakes woven into it for a more realistic effect. Her idea was rejected by Keys due to budget and time considerations. When Keys saw the abysmal gorgon effects in the finished film, he told Shelley that he should have listened to her suggestion. As Christopher Lee quips, "The only thing wrong with "The Gorgon" is the gorgon!"
- The name of the Gorgon character is "Megaera", supposedly taken from mythology. But Megaera ("jealous") in ancient myth is one of the three Erinyes, or Fates – the goddesses of revenge – not a Gorgon. According to Hesiod, the three Gorgons were Stheno, Euryale, and Medusa.
- Prudence Hyman was nearly decapitated for real. She was supposed to duck when Lee swung the sword but forgot to do so at the critical moment. The assistant director pushed her aside just in time. The scene was then redone with a dummy.
- Michael Goodliffe who plays Richard Pasco 's father in this film is only 12 years older than Pasco.


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Georgia's far-reaching plan to stabilize groundwater consumption in four Savannah-area counties will place more demands on the Savannah River, according to the director of Georgia's Environmental Protection Division.
"It's going to require us to look at all other demands and uses - both upstream and on both sides of the river," Carol Couch told members of Savannah River committees appointed by Georgia Gov. Sonny Perdue and South Carolina Gov. Mark Sanford.
The committees were formed last year to improve communication between the states and ward off the growing likelihood of conflict over shared resources such as the Savannah River.
The groups met Tuesday in North Augusta.
The topic that dominated a two-hour discussion involved Georgia's Coastal Water Withdrawal Permitting Strategy, which Dr. Couch said is designed to reduce the 24-county coastal region's growing consumption of groundwater from the upper Floridan aquifer, which provides groundwater to coastal Georgia, South Carolina and Florida.
Currently, she said, 75 entities - from cities and industries to golf courses - hold state permits to extract groundwater in Chatham, Bryan, Liberty and Effingham counties alone.
The Environmental Protection Division hopes eventually to cap total withdrawals in that area at 130 million gallons a day. To accomplish that, state authorities will encourage water users to turn to the Savannah River and explore ways to conserve and re-use water to avoid demand for more volume.
"Most of the communities in that four-county area have had all their eggs in one basket: the upper Floridan aquifer," Dr. Couch said.
Under a planned re-evaluation of all permits, each user will have to justify the need for their allotments and some permit limits could change.
Braye Boardman of Augusta, a member of Mr. Perdue's committee, said the conservation efforts needed in coastal counties will translate to the need for better management of the river and its water in the Augusta area and upstream, where the Army Corps of Engineers manages three large reservoirs.
One reason Georgia wants to reduce pressure on the coastal aquifer is to slow the advance of saltwater from the Atlantic.
The withdrawals create "cones of depression" that can encourage saltwater to break through the surface and further contaminate subterranean reserves.
Such problems already are plaguing Hilton Head Island, S.C., causing officials in that state to wonder whether Georgia's consumption is a partial cause. South Carolina officials also have expressed concerns that Georgia's plan merely proposes a cap on current groundwater use, not a mandatory reduction.
The U.S. Geologic Survey is in the final stages of two new studies that could be helpful in evaluating future aquifer management plans, Dr. Couch said.
Mike McShane, the chairman of the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources and a member of Mr. Sanford's committee, urged future meetings to enable both states to review and interpret the pending reports.
Reach Rob Pavey at 868-1222, ext. 119, or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Saltwater Studies
Georgia is awaiting two crucial studies by the U.S. Geologic Survey that will be used to form new strategies to reduce saltwater intrusion into groundwater reserves in coastal counties. Those studies are due for completion in late February.
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China policy on Tibetan freedom of religion may face change as self-immolations continue
By Carla Friedman, Women News Network
August 31, 2012
(WNN) Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA: A Tibetan woman has died after drinking acid and performing self-immolation in the Tibetan region of the western Chinese province of Gansu after she was accused of embezzlement at the bank where she worked, a source close to the family said.
Jamyang Metok, 25, died on Saturday after drinking sulfuric acid and setting herself on fire at the front entrance of the ICBC – Industrial and Commercial Bank of China in Kanlho (in Chinese known as the Gannan) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, said sources close to the family.
Despite increases in self-immolations in the region, the exiled spiritual leader of Tibet, the Dalai Lama, has been reluctant to respond to queries regarding the rising tide of self-immolations in the Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. In lieu of the delicate political ramifications on the issue, the Dalai Lama has chosen to remain visibly neutral, but he has acknowledged the suffering of Tibetans under the system as it exists today. He has also formally relinquished his political duties to the elected Tibetan leadership in exile.
"I will not give encouragement to these acts, these drastic actions, but it is understandable and indeed very, very sad," said the Dalai Lama in a recent interview with Reuters news. "Now the Chinese government, they should investigate what are the real causes. They can easily blame me or some Tibetans but that won't help solve the problem," added the Dalai Lama. Continue reading


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Varakdar calls for LRC solution to Aer Lingus dispute
20/05/2014 - 15:52:01Back to Ireland Home
The Transport Minister Leo Varakdar wants both sides in the latest dispute at Aer Lingus to attend the Labour Relations Commission.
Cabin crew, who are members of the IMPACT trade union, are to stage a 24-hour work stoppage on the Friday May 30.
The airline claims this action will affect up to 40,000 passengers.
The union wants radical changes to rosters, however Aer Lingus has said that would amount to an extra 32 days of unpaid leave per year for flight crews.
Minister Varakdar added it is the third strike threat at the former national airline this year and he wants to see efforts made to find a lasting resolution.


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Hello friends!
How's everyone doing? Finally this is the day for the announcement of our JAKARTA STAYCROWNED Workshop 2015! Yes, after our first and second successful workshop in Bandung and Semarang, today we are announcing our JAKARTA STAYCROWNED Workshop, and will be held in Rancamaya-Bogor, on January 27th and 28th, 2015.
There are 12 spaces left for today and sold fast! And once it's sold out, that's it. We exclusively open the early bird for our mailing list member for 10 days ago, and today we start to open the early bird price for public until January 7th 2015.
This STAYCROWNED Workshop gonna be our most comprehensive wedding workshop! Two days workshop covering creativity in wedding photography and business-related topics, you are guaranteed to go home inspired and motivated to have more sustainable business for many many years to come. We will change the way you see, shoot and look at the world of wedding photography!
If you have anything to ask before make a decision to invest on this workshop, please don't hesitate to email us : email@example.com
These are the preview on our previous workshop in Bandung, behind the scene photos, the participant's showcases and also the video. And also our STAYCROWNED Workshop in Semarang.
For registration, please email us to firstname.lastname@example.com with subject : REGISTER FOR STAYCROWNED complete with your Full Name, Email Address, phone number and Studio Name and also t-shirt size, and we will assist you to proceed your seat.
If the investment payment already paid and you have a change of plans and can't attend, there are two options available, hand over to a friend or save it as credit and can be applied to our future STAYCROWNED Workshop.
We reserves the right to cancel or postpone our STAYCROWNED Workshop if attendance doesn't meet the minimum 20 participants requirement. In the event of a cancellation, all STAYCROWNED Workshop payments will be refunded.
Thanks for your interest in this workshop and we hope to see you in January 2015!


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A KITTEN born with his legs back to front was given a new lease of life after
a vet turned them around in pioneering surgery.
Corky suffered from bilateral arthrogryposis, which meant his legs were the
wrong way around and crisscrossed like a corkscrew.
A little boy found the seven-month-old animal dragging himself along the
pavement and the cat was brought to an animal shelter where he was due be
put down.
But Gail Ventzke and Carol Stefonek, who run a cat sanctuary in Fargo, North
Dakota, US, heard of his case and were determined to save his life.
They took him to vet Dr Dan Burchill, who came up with a method to fix Corky's
legs and strengthen them with steel pins.
During the five-hour operation, Dr Burchill also cut Corky's Achilles tendons,
so his legs would uncurl, finally allowing him to walk.
Corky recovered slowly on heavy painkillers and needed to stay in the hospital
for several days.
He underwent hydrotherapy, acupuncture, physical and laser therapy several
times a day to try to get his back legs working.
Now, Corky is still in brightly-coloured bandages, but is already using his
legs like a normal cat. A Facebook page in his honour has 6,500 fans.
Gail said: "Dr Burchill is our hero. He basically invented this surgery for
Corky. He's fallen for Corky, too. He comes in on his days off to personally
change Corky's bandages because he doesn't want anyone else to touch him.
"I don't think there's anything I've done in the last four years of rescuing
that's been more worth it. This little guy is amazing."


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With a menu that's stacked with more vegetables than their fresh juice bar, I hope I can be forgiven for not knowing quite what the deal was with the Plant Cafe Organic. "You thought it was vegan, didn't you?" I was asked when I came to sample the chefs' favorite desserts, and when I hesitantly nodded, I was gently corrected. "The Plant actually does fish and poultry. It's just about using fresh, organic ingredients, and local when possible."
One look at the dessert menu quickly proved the point. There was ice cream made with Blue Bottle coffee and cake made with TCHO chocolate—both Blue Bottle and TCHO are the Plant's neighbors on the Embarcadero. That's not to say there isn't a raw cashew cheesecake on the menu, because there is, and it's one of Executive Chef Sascha Weiss and Pastry Chef Susanne Stampke's favorite desserts.
What other sweets do the chefs recommend? From a Strawberry Napoleon to a Lime-filled Coconut Cupcake, see their 6 favorites in the slideshow above.
Note: Plated desserts are all $8, cupcake is $3.25.
The Plant Cafe Organic
3 Pier #108, San Francisco, CA 94105 (map) (415) 984-0437; For other locations visit theplantcafe.com


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Following the Arnold Grummer Paper Making method I made several different types of sheets of paper and stashed them away for whenever I am inspired to work on a project. I had made this lovely shade of pink with the dried flowers after the Christmas holidays. I had some used red tissue and white tissue paper and shredded them and made this paper. I also added the dried flowers (available through the Arnold Grummer store).
To make a cone similar to this one all you need is a sheet of handmade paper and some glue. I formed the cone shape and found that using my hot glue gun was the easiest method to get the cone to stay together with our unrolling. Make sense?
I decorated the cone with some pieces of vintage lace and gold rick rack. I found the gold rose in my stash of vintage knick backs and the handle was made of an up cycled piece of ribbon from a past gift.
Such cones can be filled with treats and small gifts. I like to add some filler in the form of shredded vintage music sheets and basket filler.
These are fun and fast to make, once you have the beautiful handmade paper. I hope I have inspired you to make something pretty. Thank you for stopping by. Please visit my blog (http://annmakes.blogspot.com) for more crafty goodness.
Please use this coupon code and save on your next purchase at the Arnold Grummer Online store:
April code: 20Four


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The City of London and the Opposition to Government, 1768-1774: A Study in the Rise of Metropolitan Radicalism
University of London, The Athlone Press, 1959 - London (England) - 33 pages
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Step 1 to promoting diversity: Avoid the 'lying, crying, and denying'
The human resources team plays a key role in promoting diversity within an organization. After all, it's HR that works to recruit and retain people from diverse backgrounds. And it's up to HR to communicate—not just to executives but to the rank and file as well—just why diversity is important. But how does HR sometimes end up being the problem rather than the solution? And when that happens, how can it be overcome?
Nicole Price, CEO of leadership-development consulting firm Lively Paradox, says it starts with recognizing that dealing with differences is tough.


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I Asked Santa For A Guy For Christmas....he Got Me Socks.Every time I start to get those butterflies for a guy the first thing I picture is bringing him home for the holidays. Its stupid soooo stupid. right? but it happens everyyyy time. I was joking around with my cousin and he asked me on thanksgiving what i wanted for christmas and I told him I wanted a dude. lol so then I stuck with that and was hoping and wishing lol Christmas day finally came and well I text over 50 people Merry Christmas!!! the majority men. I got tons of responses and just one of them text me the whole day. I do love him a lot he is my best friend. But I feel like I physically needed someone there. I picture "him" and i at my grandmas house, on the couch with his arm around me, him in a suit and tie and me in a pretty dress, talking quietly and smiling at each other while tuning out the Christmas chaos :) Kissing under the mistletoe. Ive always wanted to do <3 and Every single year when I hear "Last Christmas by WHAM!" I think of the current guy I like and picture next christmas singing the song about him. I hate that I do it but its like I know what the outcome will be. And no one to bring home for Christmas.......means no one to kiss on new years :/
This wish of mine is also part of the reason I get depressed around the holidays.
Don't get depressed.... Call me nest time.
Well.... Take it from this 54 year old that felt like you for the first 30 years of my life!..... Ummmm... Stop. Yes, stop. You are looking for someone to impress your family at Christmas, Albeit that Christmas is MY favorite holiday... I did this same thing you are doing for YEARS!!! And guess what? It never worked..nobody EVER liked whomever I brought home and do you know WHY???? Because it wasn't anyone my family knew I would be serious about...and you know WHY??? because I was so worried about what my family and friends thought of the guy I chose that I wasn't choosing the guy I wanted.... the guy I WANTED..... and the Christmas I Wanted... and the Life I Wanted..... So just an observation honey.... don't picture "HIM" at your grandmas house.... Picture "HIM" making YOU happy and that's that..... Yeah? .
Oh bs... I seriously doubt you are not gf material.. you got a lot to read so gimme a while
Hope this year it's stockings,hope you wear them and your prince gives you a foot massage before trying the slipper on!
Would you consider adding me?
You're lucky. He brought me underwear
So, we have that much in common at least.
I never had a gf either
All I read was "BLAH, BLAH, BLAH I'm sexy as hell and as soon as guys stop being douche bags and treat me like the princess I am, you can all go to hell" :) hehe
OOOOHHH BURN!!!! haha... but if you're a queen, you can't be waiting for "prince charming"...cause you'd have a king...and he'd be an old grumpy shrivelled man... so stay a princess and your prince will find you :)
WOW...PLAYA IN DA HOUSE!!!! ... "...like a few guys" haha... so do you just get to pick which one is the best???...
sos???... what is that...like Son Of a Stud :P haha ← I don't know what I just said...that is totally awkward :P ... you need to talk to said man and be straight with him..."Listen here dummy. Either you make me your princess, or bugga off" :) That is how guys need to hear it...straight to the point...no beating around the bush...
You bug me, I poke you with my finger in your forehead while you sleep :P haha ... STOOPID guys right...maybe he is only 18 years old mature...but wait...we're 18 right :P haha...you naughty cougar you :) ;)
What would I have said other than finger???... What else could I poke you with? :P What does a cougar chase? And if I chase younger girls, does that make me a cougar too???... :-o
They "just seem to like you"...sure, sure... I bet you have a T-shirt that says "I'm a cougar...come and get me" And yes I am sure that is it...you're the only 26 year old in this world :P haha... And I'm only a PERV if I get caught :-o OOOHHH that is bad!!!!
hahaha...where would you be if you knew other 26 year olds???... And wearing that T-shirt to the bar makes it not count as a sports T-shirt anymore :P ... and how do you know I'm not 26? My age range says 26-30...
BLAST!!! I forgot I told you that...must be my old age :P Exploring the world...been there done that. It isn't as much fun as home...and NOT NEARLY as much fun as EP :)
If I think like an 18 year old there'll be no blood going to my head ;) haha...naughty, naughty...HOLD ON...that's all guys :P haha. Oh well...I'll just stay on EP till I get kicked out...or like you say, till the sun comes up and it is boring :)
Chow for now...have a good sleep...
I feel for you. Have you told this guy how you feel? Maybe he has feelings for you also
I feel the same way. It's been like that for me for the past 3 years )): feel you girl! Hope things work out for us in this upcoming year!
I know exactly how you feel. Every holiday, I hope that I will have found someone, but I tend to just come up empty handed. If you ever need someone to talk to let me know.
Yeah I didnt get anyone in time for christmas either :/
My girl and I broke up 2 days before Christmas and I spent all of Christmas alone in my Apartment while LA was partying. I know how you felt.


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234 pages. Soft cover. 2010.
Reviewed by Rolly King Kohansky
In the preface to his book, the author states that his goal is to give the reader a personal feeling for contemporary Israel, while not neglecting its tumultuous past. He succeeds on both counts.
This is not your usual tourist guide but an unusually interesting one that takes the armchair traveller on an historical, archaeological, biblical and cultural tour of Israel in a very individual way. While Kramer hikes through the country covering a lot of territory and thousands of years, he tells us fascinating vignettes about all the threads that were woven together to create the unique tapestry that is Israel.
The Zionist motivation and spirit is pervasive throughout the book, totally integrated with all the information that captures the essence of the country. Kramer, who hails from the USA, is the Israel correspondent for the Jewish Times of New Jersey, made aliyah with his wife and children in 1991.
Reading "Encountering Israel," is akin to flying through the country on a magic country, pausing along the way to admire, appreciate and marvel as we discover yet again its biblical roots and history while finding its contemporary heartbeat.
From the majesty of the Golan Heights, home to Israel's famous vineyards, from where we can almost see our Syrian neighbours to the Hula Valley where the pioneers drained the swamps, Kramer takes us through the amazing landscapes as we wend our way to Jerusalem and its myriad treaures, the spiritual heart of the Jewish people.
The sites and sights of Jerusalem boggle the mind no matter how many times we may visit the City. Although we are always aware of its deeply religious significance there is always more to see and learn. Along the ancient narrow, cobblestone alleyways, Kramer exrplores the Western Wall, the City of David, and the Jewish Quarter, through to contemporary Jerusalem. We follow along as he takes us through the markets, the Museums, and introduces the now famous annual Jerusalem Film Festival and the theatrical, jazz and classical music performances.
Heading south of Jerusalem is the lowest point on earth, Dead Sea, where the author stirs our imagination with some interesting Biblical highlights and onto Eilat, Israel's year-round resort on the Red Sea, to enjoy some time out for rest and relaxation before taking on Tel Aviv on the Mediterranean Sea.
Tel Aviv, Israel's business and cultural center , has a beautiful green space, a park that stretches over a very large area. Hiking through the Hayarkon Park , Kramer manages to cover several centuries. While children scamper about the grass and families picnic nearby, he explores Antipatris and its remnants of an Ottoman Fortress built in 1571, continues on to the remains of an Egyptian Governor's palace, circa 1200-1500 BC, and takes in the ruins of the ancient Roman Cardo (street) built by Herod the Great.
Throughout this book, the author always strives to convey the pulse of this intriguing country in all its aspects. Whether you travel here in your armchair, in your imagination or in person, "Encountering Israel," would make an ideal companion.
Price and information: 90 Shekels including post
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• Stamp Out Hunger, the 22nd National Association of Letter Carrier Food Drive. To participate, residents are encouraged to leave a sturdy bag containing non-perishable foods, such as canned soup, canned vegetables, pasta, rice or cereal next to their mailbox prior to the time of regular mail delivery. Visit: www.helpstampouthunger.com.
• Conway Farmers Market, 6:30 a.m. to noon, Antioch Baptist Church, 150 Amity Rd.
• Faulkner County Master Gardeners annual plant sale, 8 a.m. to 2 p.m., Conway Expo Center, 2502 E. Oak (Highway 64 East). Admission is free.
• Mother's Day Appreciation Brunch, 10 a.m., Hendrix College's Worsham Performance Hall, 1600 Washington Ave. All proceeds will benefit the Women's Shelter of Central Arkansas.
• CBC Graduation, 10 a.m. to 2 p.m., Burgess Auditorium in Cooper Complex, CBC Campus, 1501 College Ave. Reception immediately following ceremony.
• Story Time, 10:30 a.m., Faulkner County Library, 1900 Tyler St.
• Spanish Story Time, 11 a.m., Faulkner County Library, 1900 Tyler St.
• Artist Steve Griffith will be painting at Art On The Green, 11 a.m. to 1 p.m., 1100 Bob Courtway Dr., Suite 1.
• Women's Self Defense Class, 1-3 p.m, Faulkner County Library, 1900 Tyler St. Sign up requested.
• UCA Baseball vs. University of the Incarnate, 2 p.m., Bear Stadium, 201 Donaghey Ave.
• Night of Distinction, an awards gala celebrating the outstanding achievement and service of UCA Alumni, 6:30 p.m., Farris Center, UCA campus, 201 Donaghey Ave. Tickets available by calling 450-3197 or visit: uca.edu/gala.
• Blackbird Academy presents "Pictures of the Past," 6:30 p.m., Reynolds Performance Hall, 201 Donaghey Ave.
• Festival of Winds Honor Band and the Little Rock Wind Symphony, Dr. Karen Fannin, conductor and Dr. Matthew Roeder, guest conductor, 7:30 p.m., Staples Auditorium, Hendrix Campus, 1600 Washington Ave. Sponsor: Department of Music, 450-1422. Free and open to the public.
• Classic Current, 8:30-11:30 p.m., JJ's Grill, 1010 Main St.
• Mother's Day
• Free Potluck Dinner at the Wesley United Methodist Church, 2310 E. Oak St. (U.S. Hwy. 64). Sunday School at 9 a.m. and Worship Service at 10, with the meal served at 11:30. The public is invited, especially storm survivors, rescue and recovery teams, and volunteers. For more information, call the church, 327-7629.
• UCA Baseball vs. University of the Incarnate Word, 1 p.m., Bear Stadium, 201 Donaghey Ave.
• Faulkner County Singing Club, 1:30 p.m., Centerville United Methodist Church, 76 Blythe Rd., two miles east of Woolly Hollow State Park.
• The Conway Community Chorus regular rehearsal, 2-3 p.m., Conway High School music room, 2300 Prince St. As this is a co-ed choir, everyone age 18 and up is invited to attend.
• Urban Farm Project Workday, 3:30 p.m., Faulkner County Library, 1900 Tyler St.
• Guy-Perkins Baccalaureate Services, 8 p.m., Guy-Perkins Gym, 492 Hwy. 25 N.
(Please send items for Roundabout to Jessica Cole at www.thecabin.net/events and click "Create Event." To view a complete listing of events, go to www.thecabin.net/events.)


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What Does "IQ" Stand For, and What Does It Mean?
Alfred Binet, 1857-1911
| It's
a matter of everyday experience that some people are more intelligent
than others. But what is "intelligence"? And how do we measure it?
In 1905, a French psychologist by the name of Alfred Binet, working with a physician-associate, Theodore Simon, developed the Binet Simon Test designed to measure the intelligence of retarded children, based upon their observations that.
(1) Just as children grow taller as they grow older, they grow more mentally capable as they grow older; and
(2) Some children can perform at age and equivalent-grade levels above their chronological ages, while other children perform at age and equivalent-grade levels below their chronological ages. For example, a few 6-year-olds could perform as well on the Binet Simon mental tests as the average 8-year-old, while a few 6-year-olds could only perform as well as the average 4-year-old.
"Mental Age"
Is "IQ"?
It was also observed that the gaps between children's mental ages and their chronological ages widened as the children got older. The 6-year-old with the mental age of 8 had a mental age of 12 by the time he was 9 and a mental age of 16 by the time he was12. Similarly, the 6-year-old with a mental age of 4 had a mental age of 6 when he was 9 and a mental age of 8 when he was 12. In 1912, the German psychologist, William Stern, noticed that even though the gap between mental age and chronological age widens as a child matures, the ratio of mental age to chronological age remains constant (and, as we will see, remains essentially constant throughout life). This constant ratio of mental age divided by chronological age was given the name "Intelligence Quotient". Actually, the intelligence quotient is defined as 100 times the Mental Age (MA) divided by the Chronological Age (CA).
Age for Adults
At approximately. the age of 16, mental age, like height, stops increasing. Until 1960, it was customary to use 16 as the divisor for mental age among adults. Actually, certain mental functions increase slowly and slightly after the age of 16, peaking in the 20's, with others remaining stable or even rising slightly up to the age of 60 or so. With some individuals, vocabulary may increase over time.
Practical Significance of IQ
The average IQ of the population as a whole is, by definition, 100. IQs range from 0 to above 200, and among children, to above 250. However, about 50% of the population have IQs between 89 and 111, and about 80% of the population have IQs ranging between 80 and 120, with 10% lying below 80, and 10% falling above 120.
For IQs below 120, IQ is the best predictor of socioeconomic status of any psychometric measurement. In more complex jobs, IQ is better than even education or experience at predicting job performance. In her article "The General Intelligence Factor", Scientific American Presents "Exploring Intelligence", pg. 24, 1999, Linda Gottfredson states,
"Adults in the bottom 5% of the IQ distribution (below 75) are very difficult to train and are not competitive for any occupation on the basis of ability. Serious problems in training low-IQ military recruits during World War II led Congress to ban enlistment from the lowest 10% (below 80) of the population, and no civilian occupation in modern economies routinely recruits its workers from that below-80 range. Current military enlistment standards exclude any individual whose IQ is below about 85."
"Persons of average IQ (between 90 and 100) are not competitive for most professional and executive-level work but are easily trained for the bulk of jobs in the American economy. By contrast, individuals in the top 5 percent of the adult population can essentially train themselves, and few occupations are beyond their reach mentally."
"People with IQs between 75 and 90 are 88 times more likely to drop out of high school, seven times more likely to be jailed, and five times more likely as adults to live in poverty than people with IQs between 110 and 125. The 75-to-90 IQ woman is eight times more likely to become a chronic welfare recipient, and four times as likely to bear an illegitimate child than the 110-to-125-IQ woman."
In his book, "Straight
Talk About Mental Tests", The Free Press, A Division of the
Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., New York, 1981, pg. 12, Dr. Arthur
Jensen cites the following four IQ thresholds:
(1) An IQ of 50 or below. This is the threshold below which most adults cannot cope outside of an institution. They can typically be taught to read at a 3rd or 4th grade level. However, they cannot normally function in the customary classroom setting, and they require special training programs.
(2) An IQ between 50 and 75. At this level of intelligence, they generally cannot complete elementary school. Most adults will need smarter help in coping with the world.
(3) An IQ between 75 and 105. Children in this IQ range are not generally able to complete a college prep course in high school.
(4) An IQ between 105 and 115. May graduate from college but generally, not with grades that would qualify them for graduate school.
(5) An IQ above 115. No restrictions.
For IQs in these ranges, the influence of IQ upon socioeconomic sttus is dramatic. 31% of those with IQs below 75 were on welfare, compared with 8% of those in the 90 to 110 IQ interval, and 0% in those with IQs above 125. 55% of mothers with IQs below 75 went on welfare after the birth of the first child, compared with 12% of those with IQs between 90 and 110, and 1% of those with IQs above 125. Income is highly dependent upon IQ up to an IQ-level of about 125.
Table 1 - Practical Significance of IQ
|>1% below 30
|Unemployable. Institutionalized.
|>1% below 50
|1st-Grade to 3rd-Grade
|Simple, non-critical household chores.
|1.5% below 60
|3rd-Grade to 6th-grade
|Very simple tasks, close supervision.
|5% below 74
|6th-Grade to 8th-Grade
|"Slow, simple, supervised."
|25% below 89
|8th-Grade to 12th-Grade
|Assembler, food service, nurse's aide
|50% below 100
|8th-Grade to 1-2 years of College.
|Clerk, teller, Walmart
|100 to 111
|1 in 2 above 100
|12th-Grade to College Degree
|Police officer, machinist, sales
|111 to 120
|1 in 4 above 111
|College to Master's Level
|Manager, teacher, accountant
|120 to 125
|1 in 10 above 120
|College to Non-Technical Ph. D.'s.
|Manager, professor, accountant
|125 to 132
|1 in 20 above 125
|Any Ph. D. at 3rd-Tier Schools
|Attorney, editor, executive.
|132 to 137
|1 in 50 above 132
|No limitations.
|Eminent professor, editor
|137 to 150
|1 in 100 above 137
|No limitations.
|Leading math, physics professor
|150 to 160
|1 in 1,100 above 150
|No limitations
|Lincoln, Copernicus, Jefferson
|160 to 174
|1 in 11,000 above 160
|No limitations
|Descartes, Einstein, Spinoza
|174 to 200
|1 in 1,000,000
above 174
|No limitations
|Shakespeare, Goethe, Newton
Wandering Down to Walmart
To gain a clearer perspective regarding what this means in terms of our daily contacts with people, let's take a trip down to a local Walmart. Let's suppose we're visiting the only Walmart in a small, rural town, so that neighborhood inhomogeneities don't affect the cohort of shoppers we'll find at the store. That way, we'll be seeing a nearly random cross-section of the public on our trip.
OK. Here we are at Walmart. I can already see quite a few people out here in the parking lot.
Let's suppose that we're going to see 100 other customers while we're here shopping, and then consider their breakdown by IQ. On the basis of the law of averages, we'd expect to see one person here with an IQ below 64! There'd be someone else with an IQ between 64 and 68. There should be 3 more with IQs between 69 and 75. In other words, if this is a random crowd, 1 out of 20 people we're going to meet will have IQs below 75, and will be seriously retarded! (I guess we're lucky the world works as well as it does.) Keep your eyes peeled. See if you can spot 'em. About 1 out of 10 people we'll walk past here at Walmart has an IQ below 80, or about 10 of the 100 people who cross our paths here in the store! Hey, look! Does she look kind of sagaciously-challenged to you? One out of 5, or 20 of the 100 people we're seeing have IQs below 87, with about 1 in 10 in the 80 to 87 IQ range. Half the crowd, or 50 out of the 100, has below-average intelligence! And of course, the other half has above-average intelligence. Twenty of them (1 out of 5) have IQs above 113. Ten of them, or 1 in 10, have IQs above 120. Five of them have IQs above 125, and have the potential to become university professors with Ph. D's. Two of them have IQs of 132 or above, and are potential members of Mensa. One of them has an IQ above 136.
Did you spot them? I saw one or two possible candidates, but I suppose we'd better not walk up and say,
"Pardon me, ma'am. You look mentally challenged. Are you?"
She might hit us with her purse.
If we spent time at a large urban mall, we might rub elbows with 1,000 shoppers. In an average, unenriched setting, where we saw 1,000 other shoppers at Christmas-time, IQs might typically be expected to range between 50 and 150. In a blue-stocking suburb like Norcross or Corte Madera, we might expect to find one or more folk with IQs above 150, and perhaps, an individual or two with an IQ above 160. This is a huge range of IQs.
I think that the range of intellects that we walk past in the world is awesome. The span between top and bottom among 100 people chosen at random would be about 75 points of deviation IQ, or more than 80 points of ratio IQ. And we've been walking past them every day.
This isn't the whole story. It's mentioned below that even on culture-fair tests, the average IQ of our African-American population falls about one standard deviation below those of the other components of our population. This means that 1 out of 10 African-Americans has an IQ below 59, and only about 2 Africans in 1,000 can qualify for Mensa. So most probably, on our trip to Walmart, we're going see an African-American with an IQ of 60 or below (mental age of 10).
Until I wrote this up this afternoon, I had never stopped to think just what intellectual diversity awaits us at our local shopping centers. Half the people we meet in cars on the road have below-average intelligence, and 1 in 20 must be seriously retarded, with a mental age of 12 or below. Ouch! I think I'll ride my bike on back streets to the store.
Ethnicity, and Gender
There are significant variations in the distributions of IQ as we switch among races, ethnic groups, and gender. In discussing this area, I'm presently skating on thin ice because I'm relying on recalled information. I'll try to pin this down within the next few weeks, so if you would, please regard what I'm about to say as an unconfirmed "placeholder" for what I hope will be more-reliable information a week or two from now.
Fifty years ago, it was thought that American Indians had an average IQ of about 69, but I have the impression that this is now considered to be a vile canard. American Indians appear to have an average-IQ equal to approximately 100. Sinic people reared in the United States have an average IQ if about 103(?), with an average IQ of the order of 106 when reared in Japan. They consistently show relatively higher mathematical and spatial-visualization scores and relatively lower verbal scores than their Caucasian counterparts. African-Americans have a population-average IQ that has remained consistently about one standard deviation or 16 points below the U. S. Caucasian mean of 100 (for an average IQ of 84).
Having condemned African-Americans to this racially inferior estate, let me bring up the good news.
(1) If the Flynn Effect is real, African-Americans in 2000 have IQs as high as Caucasians in 1950, and hey! we didn't consider ourselves to be slow learners. Today's African-Americans have IQs as much as 15 points above the average Caucasian in 1900.
(2) A year ago, a Johns Hopkins spokeswoman, speaking to the parents of profoundly gifted children, told them that, based upon the nootropic ("smart pill") pharmaceuticals that are now entering the FDA pipeline, it should be possible to boost children's IQs by as much as 50 points by 2010. A memory enhancement pill is on its way to market over the next few years which would allow total memorization in long-term memory over a 3-to-4-hour period.
(3) Genetically engineered boosts in intelligence should be technically feasible within the next decade or two.
As mentioned previously, individuals with IQs of 132 or above may join Mensa upon presentation of qualifying test results. Individuals with IQs of 137+ are eligible to join organizations such as TOPS (Top One Percent Society). Those with IQs of 150+ qualify for membership in the Triple-Nine Society and the One-in-a-Thousand (OATH) Society, those with IQs of 164 or above are potential candidates for the Prometheus Society and the Ultranet, and those rare specimens with IQs above 176 are welcomed into the Mega and Pi Societies. (There is even a Giga--one-in--billion--Society, with two members, plus its founder.) Needless to say, at the one-in-a-million level, the membership roster is somewhat exiguous. These organizations are also open to subscribers. Subscribers are not allowed to vote, but they may participate in the fascinating dialogues that take place within these societies.
from a Bell-Curve
IQs near the center of the range, between about 75 and 125 are well-represented by a bell curve like the one shown below. However, IQs below about 75 don't fit a bell curve well at all. The reason is that there are some individuals who suffer brain damage and who increase the pool of the seriously retarded. Similarly, it was discovered in 1921, when 250,000 California schoolchildren were screened with IQ tests to determine whether they should be included in the Terman Study of gifted children, that there are a lot more very high IQ score than would be predicted by the bell-curve. For example, the Terman Study found 77 children with IQs of 170 or above, where they would only have expected to find 1 or 2. They found 26 children with IQs of 180, where theory would have predicted only one child with an IQ above 180 in 3,000,000 children. They found one child with an IQ of 201, where the bell-curve predicts only one such child out of every 5,000,000,000 children. Part of this is thought to be a result of uneven rates of mental growth. Some children experience temporary spurts of mental growth that are later offset by temporary slackening of mental development--like children that physically-mature relatively early. Part of it is also a function of the fact that, if there are 4 or 5 children with IQs in the mid-190's (because of "growth spurts"), one of them may have an especially good day and score 5 or 6 points higher than he would normally score, while another of them on that same day might score 5 or 6 points lower than she would usually score. The one that scores higher is the one that catches our attention.
Because of these effects, beginning around 1960, psychometrists defined adult scores in terms of percentiles, and then translated those percentiles into the IQ scores that the bell-curve predicts. These percentile-derived scores are called "deviation IQs", and the older (mental age)/(chronological age) IQs are called "ratio IQs". (For a more-complete description of deviation IQs versus ratio IQs, click here.This had the effect of reducing IQ scores, since ratio IQs tend to run quite a bit higher at the higher levels than do deviation IQs. (The highest probably deviation IQ is about 200, since a deviation IQ of 200 would be expected, as mentioned above, to occur only once in every 5,000,000,000 people--the approximate current population of the earth.) The scale shown below the plot presents one approach--(a log-normal conversion)--to estimating the ratio IQs that correspond to given deviation IQs.
The figure below shows the upper half of the "bell-curve"
distribution (Gaussian normal distribution) of human intelligence. As the
plot shows, 50% of the population has below-average intelligence. As the
bell-curve below indicates, 1 person in 10 has an IQ of 120 or above, 1
in 20 boasts an IQ of 126 or above, 1 in 50 is Mensa level, with an IQ
of 132 or above, 1 in 100 possesses an IQ of 137 or above, 1 in 1,100 is
characterized by an IQ of 150 or above, 1 in 11,000 sports an IQ of 160
or above, 1 in 1,000,000 owns an IQ of 176 or above, and so forth.
Is IQ Measured?
There are a number of IQ tests available. Some IQ tests are untimed, individually administered tests such as the Stanford-Binet and the Wechsler tests. (The five Wechsler Performance subtests are timed.) Other tests are timed, proctored group tests, such as the Raven Progressive Matrices, the California Test of Mental Maturity (CTMM) and the Cattell Culture-Fair Test, which are easier to administer but are narrower in scope. (Included in this group would be the Scholastic Aptitude Test, the Graduate Record Exam, the Miller Analogies.) Still a third class of test is the power test, such as the Mega Test, the Titan Test, and the Test for Genius. These are unproctored, open-book tests in which the test-taker lays protracted siege to difficult problems that emulate the kinds of problems encountered in actual research. These tests are not universally recognized as true IQ tests because it is felt that they are susceptible to cheating. and that their scores depend upon collatoral factors such as persistance and library skills as well as sheer intelligence.
IQ tests have been under attack since their inception. It is, perhaps, counter-intuitive and unpopular that a test requiring an hour or two can establish the upper bounds of one's intellect for a lifetime. However, although they're not infallible they do a remarkably good job of generating a score that will remain more or less constant throughout life.
Intelligence Be Measured With a Single Number?
Yes and no. One of the most serious criticisms of using a single number to assess intelligence is that people may be stronger in certain areas such as verbal skills, logical aptitude or spatial visualization than in others. Drs. Richard Feynmann and Albert Einstein would be examples of geniuses who were extremely strong mathematically while being relatively weak verbally. More commonly, though, purely intellectual abilities tend to be uniformly high or uniformly low in a given individual, leading to the concept of an underlying "g" or "general intelligence" that powers all the specialized intellectual aptitudes. Still, this doesn't happen with everyone, and the exceptions, like Richard Feynmann and Albert Einstein, are very important. Tests like the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) consist of a number of subtests that are scored separately and can measure the profile for an individual. (Dr. Howard Gardner has defined seven types of intelligence, while Dr. Robert Sternberg has identified three.)
It's also easier to make an IQ score that's lower than your true IQ than it is to make a score that's higher. Taking a test on a bad day, or spending too much time on a few difficult items could artificially lower one's score. The best results are obtained when more than one test is administered.
Does Adult IQ Mean?
Generally, one's mental age stops rising rapidly when one reaches the latter teens--e. g., 16. Consequently, on some IQ tests, "16" was taken as the chronological-age divisor in an IQ calculation for adults. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale is calibrated for all ages up to 70, with chronological-age divisors appropriate to every age 70 or below.
The average IQ is, by definition, 100. To get an idea what this means, someone with an IQ of 80 or below is considered to be marginally able to cope with the adult world. People with IQ's of 80 or below typically work as unskilled laborers such as lawn maintenance and trash pickup. They generally need help from friends or family to manage life's complications. About 10% of the population has an IQ of 80 or below.
People with IQ's of 80-90 are a little on the slow side but may be found in fast-food restaurants, day-care centers, etc. They may also be found in unskilled jobs. About 16% of the population has IQ's in this range.
People with IQ's of 90-110 generally occupy semi-skilled positions, including typists, receptionists, assembly line workers, and checkout clerks. They are able to keep up with the world, and comprise about 46% of the public.
People with IQ's in the 110 to 120 range fill the skilled trades and include some tool and die makers, teachers, and Ph. D.'s among their ranks. They also make up 16% of the population.
People with IQ's of 120 and above tend to staff the professions as doctors, dentists, lawyers, teachers, and college professors. They fall in the upper 10% of the population.
The average IQ of all college
professors is 130, which lies within the upper 3% of the general public.


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An integrated Research & Development laboratory located in the Mont Saint Michel Bay of France consists of a team of 20 scientists continually searching for new innovations. Their expertise of the marine environment has lead to the registration of numerous patents.
Cultivation of algae in the laboratory:
From the latest scientific discoveries, our cultivation processes enable PHYTOCÉANE to :
- Preserve natural resources
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Numerous tests set up to assure the efficacy of each product:
- In vitro effectiveness tests on cell cultures
- Independent in vivo effectiveness and tolerance tests
- Independent subjective evaluation tests (volunteers)
Integrated production site:
- Management of the entire manufacturing process
- Guarantee of traceability and safety