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The Innate Immune Response of Equine Bronchial Epithelial Cells is Altered by Training
Frellstedt, Linda ; ; et al
in Veterinary Research (2015), 46(3), 1-12
Respiratory diseases, including inflammatory airway disease (IAD), viral and bacterial infections, are common problems in exercising horses. The airway epithelium constitutes a major physical barrier ... [more ▼]
Respiratory diseases, including inflammatory airway disease (IAD), viral and bacterial infections, are common problems in exercising horses. The airway epithelium constitutes a major physical barrier against airborne infections and plays an essential role in the lung innate immune response mainly through toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. The aim of this study was to develop a model for the culture of equine bronchial epithelial cells (EBEC) in vitro and to explore EBEC innate immune responses in trained horses. Bronchial epithelial biopsies were taken from 6 adult horses during lower airway endoscopy. EBEC were grown in vitro by an explant method. The innate immune response of EBEC was evaluated in vitro by treatment with TLR ligands. TLR3 is the most strongly expressed TLR at the mRNA level in EBEC and stimulation of EBEC with Poly(I:C), an analog of viral dsRNA, triggers a strong secretion of IFN-β, TNF-α, IL-6 and CXCL8. We further evaluated the EBEC innate immune response in horses that underwent a 4-month-training program. While training had no effect on TLR mRNA expression in EBEC as well as in bronchial biopsies, it increased the production of IFN-β after stimulation with a TLR3 ligand and decreased the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 after stimulation with a TLR2 and TLR3 ligand. These findings may be implicated in the increased risk for viral and bacterial infections observed in sport horses. Altogether, we report a successful model for the culture of EBEC that can be applied to the investigation of pathophysiologic conditions in longitudinal studies. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 45 (12 ULiège)
Training alters the innate immune response in the lower airway of horses
Frellstedt, Linda
Doctoral thesis (2014)
Many human and animal studies have examined various markers of the innate and/or adaptive immunity in association with exercise and have come to the general conclusion that exercise, either acute or ... [more ▼]
Many human and animal studies have examined various markers of the innate and/or adaptive immunity in association with exercise and have come to the general conclusion that exercise, either acute or chronic, modifies the immune response. Regular moderate exercise has beneficial and protective effects on immunity because it results in a balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. This balance may be disturbed during exhaustive exercise, such as that experienced during competition and overtraining, resulting in immunosuppression. Humans frequently suffer from upper respiratory tract infections after prolonged intense exercise, whereas horses suffer primarily from lower airway inflammation and/or infection. The underlying mechanism for this difference remains unknown at this time. The sampling of different cell types is limited in humans and therefore, these studies focus on the evaluation of cells in peripheral blood or markers in saliva. Two groups of researchers in human sports medicine have compared populations of sedentary and regularly exercising people. The expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 1, 2, 3 and 4 was decreased in peripheral blood monocytes in exercising subjects. This altered expression of TLRs was also associated with a lower production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1α, TNF-α). Regular exercise induced circulating anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-6) and, therefore, limited the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The first line of defense in the airways is provided by pulmonary alveolar macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells. Strenuous exercise impairs the viability of bronchial epithelial cells, reduces the viral defense mechanisms, and decreases oxidative burst activity of pulmonary alveolar macrophages. The altered immune response in association with exercise/training does not only lead to an increased risk for infection but may also cause the development of allergies and chronic inflammation in the lower airway. This may explain why young equine athletes frequently suffer from Inflammatory Airway Disease (IAD). The etiology of IAD remains unknown but an association with subclinical viral infections as well as inflammatory stimuli from the environment has been suspected. The objective of this work was to increase our knowledge of immune mechanisms in young equine athletes by evaluating the effect of acute exercise and training on the innate immune responses of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM), bronchial epithelial cells (BEC) and monocytes. The hypothesis was that exercise and training modify the TLR mRNA expression as well as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferons in these three cell types. Eight Standardbred horses were studied over a period of 9 months during which they were acclimatized, trained and deconditioned. Standardized exercise tests were performed regularly and biological samples (blood, bronchoalveolar lavages, and biopsies of the bronchial epithelium) were taken at defined intervals in order to allow a longitudinal evaluation of the different parameters. Monocytes, PAM and BEC were harvested and analyzed. The expression of TLR3 was decreased in equine PAM and monocytes after a period of training, but not after a single strenuous exercise session. In addition, the expression of TLR4 was increased in equine monocytes after training. The production of TNF-α and IFN-β was also examined in PAM and monocytes ex vivo after the stimulation with different TLR ligands. The production of these cytokines was reduced in PAM after a defined period of training and remained decreased for three months thereafter. In contrast, the synthesis of TNF-α was increased after a period of training in equine monocytes and remained increased thereafter. In a second study, a model for the culture of equine bronchial epithelial cells (EBEC) was developed which allowed us to evaluate the effect of exercise and training on the innate immune response of these cells. Acute exercise or training did not alter the TLR mRNA expression in EBEC. The production of IFN-β was increased in EBEC from trained horses after stimulation with a TLR3 ligand. Concurrently, the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 was impaired in EBEC from trained horses after the stimulation with TLR2 and TLR3 ligands. This study focused on a single aspect of the innate immunity in horses, gaining knowledge of the TLR expression in three cell types and their response to specific TLR agonists. These results have to be considered in the global context of the innate immunity remembering that they represent only a small part of the complex immune system. Only one type of training (Standardbred race training) and one model of acute exercise (standardized exercise test on a treadmill) were evaluated in this study. This should be considered when drawing conclusions, because it is currently understood that the effects on immune responses vary with different types, intensity and duration of exercise and/or training. Nonetheless, this work has established that a local immunosuppression develops within the lungs in trained horses, and may explain the increased susceptibility of exercising horses to pulmonary viral infections. This local immunosuppression is associated with an increased potential of monocytes to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines when challenged with pathogens. The effects of exercise on innate immunity are complex and further studies are needed to continue the work in this field. In addition to the response to training in young sport horses, a number of environmental factors associated with their nutrition and housing may play important roles in the development of pulmonary infections and inflammation (e.g. IAD). To confirm the significance of the presented results, it would be interesting to investigate the innate immune response in trained horses when challenged with equine pathogens, such as equine influenza and equine herpesviruses. The ultimate goal of this work and other studies in the future is to develop immuno-modulating molecules that could be used for the prevention and treatment of equine respiratory diseases. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 71 (14 ULiège)
Training Modifies Innate Immune Responses in Blood Monocytes and in Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages
Frellstedt, Linda ; ; et al
in American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology (2014), 51(1), 135-142
In humans, strenuous exercise causes increased susceptibility to respiratory infections associated with down-regulated expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), co-stimulatory and antigen-presenting ... [more ▼]
In humans, strenuous exercise causes increased susceptibility to respiratory infections associated with down-regulated expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), co-stimulatory and antigen-presenting molecules. Lower airway diseases are also a common problem in sport and racing horses. Because the innate immunity plays an essential role in lung defense mechanisms, we aimed to assess the effect of acute exercise and training on innate immune responses in two different compartments. Blood monocytes and pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) were collected from horses in an untrained, moderately and intensively trained as well as deconditioned state before and after a strenuous exercise test (SET). The cells were analysed for TLR mRNA expression by real-time PCR in vitro and the cytokine production after in vitro stimulation with TLR ligands was measured by ELISA. Our results showed that training, but not acute exercise, modified the innate immune responses in both compartments. The mRNA expression of TLR3 was down-regulated by training in both cell types, whereas the expression of TLR4 was up-regulated in monocytes. Monocytes treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and a synthetic diacylated lipoprotein (FSL) showed increased cytokine secretion in trained and deconditioned subjects indicating the activation of cells at the systemic level. The production of TNF-alpha and IFN-beta in non-stimulated and stimulated PAM was decreased in trained and deconditioned horses and might therefore explain the increased susceptibility to respiratory infections. Our study reports a dissociation between the systemic and the lung response to training that is probably implicated in the systemic inflammation and in the pulmonary susceptibility to infection. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 56 (28 ULiège)
Training modifies the innate immune response both in the airways and in blood in horses
Frellstedt, Linda ; ; Desmet, Christophe et al
in Proceedings of the ICI (2013)
Lower airway diseases are common problems in sports and racing horses. In humans, exercise has been associated with upper respiratory tract infections due to down-regulated expression of Toll-like ... [more ▼]
Lower airway diseases are common problems in sports and racing horses. In humans, exercise has been associated with upper respiratory tract infections due to down-regulated expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), costimulatory and antigen-presenting molecules on monocytes. The objectives of this study were 1) to examine the expression of TLRs in equine bronchial epithelial cells (EBEC) and blood monocytes in untrained and trained horses; 2) to stimulate EBEC and monocytes in vitro with TLR ligands, in order to mimic bacterial/viral infections; 3) to compare the cytokine production of EBEC and monocytes in untrained and trained horses. Bronchial biopsies were taken from 8 horses during lower airway endoscopy at rest and 24 hours after a standardized exercise test (SET). Bronchial epithelial cells were grown in vitro and activated with TLR ligands. Blood monocytes were collected at rest and after the SET. TLR1-TLR9 expression was evaluated via real-time PCR and cytokine production was measured via ELISA. TLR3 and TLR4 expression was modified by training. The expression of TLR2, TLR7 and TLR8 was modified only by strenuous exercise in trained horses. Training had local immuno-suppressive effects shown by a decreased production of TNF-alpha and IFN-beta in EBEC in response to TLR2 and TLR3 ligands. Training also caused a systemic pro-inflammatory response evidenced by increased production of TNF-alpha in monocytes in response to TLR2 and TLR4 ligands. These findings suggest that training and strenuous exercise in trained subjects may result in an increased susceptibility of the lower airway to infections associated with systemic inflammation. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 42 (2 ULiège)
Exercise modifies the innate immune response in equine bronchial epithelial cells
Frellstedt, Linda ; ; Pirottin, Dimitri et al
in Proceedings of the 3rd Scientific Meeting of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (University of Liege - Belgium) (2013)Detailed reference viewed: 50 (4 ULiège)
Training-induced decrease of cytokines production by equine alveolar macrophages
Waldschmidt, Ingrid ; Frellstedt, Linda ; Art, Tatiana et al
in Proceedings of the 6th Congress of the European College of Equine Internal Medicine (ECEIM) (2013)Detailed reference viewed: 38 (6 ULiège)
Characterization of T-helper lymphocytes in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage of healthy horses and in horses with recurrent airway obstruction
El Abbas, Sophie ; Frellstedt, Linda ; Art, Tatiana et al
Poster (2012, October 19)Detailed reference viewed: 96 (25 ULiège)
Investigation of the effect of exercise on the innate immunity in horses
Frellstedt, Linda ; ; Desmet, Christophe et al
Poster (2012, October 19)Detailed reference viewed: 44 (15 ULiège)
Study of TLR-7 and TLR-8 in equine pulmonary alveolar macrophages at rest and after exercise
Tosi, Irène ; Frellstedt, Linda ; Pirottin, Dimitri et al
Conference (2012)Detailed reference viewed: 34 (9 ULiège)
Methacholine bronchoprovocation test:a useful ancillary test for diagnosis of hyperresponsiveness in horses ?
Frippiat, Thibault ; Frellstedt, Linda ; Bustin, Jean-Clément et al
in Proceedings of the European Veterinary Conference - Voorjaarsdagen (2012)Detailed reference viewed: 68 (2 ULiège)
Les tests de bronchoprovocation à la métacholine dans le diagnostic de l'hyperréactivité bronchique chez le cheval asymptomatique
Frippiat, Thibault ; Frellstedt, Linda ; Bustin, Jean-Clément et al
in Proceedings de la 38ème Journée de la Recherche Equine (2012)
The clinical examination and the ancillary tests at the disposal from the veterinarian may be poor diagnostics in horses suffering from subclinical inflammatory airway disease or in clinical remission of ... [more ▼]
The clinical examination and the ancillary tests at the disposal from the veterinarian may be poor diagnostics in horses suffering from subclinical inflammatory airway disease or in clinical remission of recurrent airway obstruction (RAO). The objective of this study was to determine whether the methacholine bronchoprovocation test -which is daily used for diagnosis of asymptomatic human asthma- may be used as an applicable and repeatable method for the diagnosis of an increased susceptibility to bronchospasm in horses. The test, realised on 8 horses (6 with RAO history and 2 controls) presents a good feasibility and significant repeatability. Dust exposure increased the bronchoreactivity, while it did not affect other clinical and functional parameters or inflammatory markers. In the future, the bronchoprovocation test could therefore find its place in clinicat practice for the detection of asymptomatic horses which are susceptible to develop bronchospasm in poor environmental conditions. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 103 (20 ULiège)
Investigation of the innate immunity in the lower respiratory tract in exercising horses
Frellstedt, Linda ; ; Desmet, Christophe et al
in Proceedings of the 1st Scientific Meeting of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (2011)Detailed reference viewed: 38 (8 ULiège)
Methacoline bronchoprovocation test in horses: relationship with lower airway inflammation
Frippiat, Thibault ; Frellstedt, Linda ; Bustin, Jean-Clément et al
Poster (2011)Detailed reference viewed: 18 (3 ULiège)


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I had almond butter left over from the last time I made Baked Tofu in Almond & Cilantro Sauce, so I thought I'd use it in muffins today. (I'd made a dozen Chocolate Chip Banana Bread muffins yesterday, and they were gone by this afternoon — G. is on a big muffin kick again.)
I used Baking Bites' Peanut Butter and Chocolate Chip Muffins as a starting point, subbing my almond butter instead of peanut and using 1¼ cups of whole wheat flour, and 1 cup of all-purpose. I also used the semi-sweet chips I had in the pantry instead of milk chocolate.
The boys enjoyed them, but not as much as they like the banana ones (I can't believe I just typed that!). I thought they were just OK — I think it may be the fault of the almond butter, which I find to always have something of a dusty or raw flavor that I don't love. The nut flavor was very subtle overall. I slightly prefer the PB & Banana Chocolate Chip Muffins I made last fall over this recipe.

subset: commoncrawl


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Prime retail or office space available for lease, with high visibility and exposure to high traffic counts on Central Street in a modern building with good parking and access. The vacant space is approximately 4800 square feet with a dividing wall making one space a little over 3000 square feet and another close to 1500 square feet. Owner is open to reconfiguring the space and working with the new tenant to make it suit their needs.


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Katie is a poet, educator, and freelance writer originally from St. Louis, Missouri. She graduated in 2003 with a degree in English from Yale, where she had the opportunity to study with poet and Yale Review editor J.D. McClatchy. In 2008, Katie moved to Boston to get her M.F.A. in Creative Writing at Emerson College. Her thesis, a poetry manuscript titled The Speed of Skin, was a nominee for the Dean's Prize and earned a commendation from the Academy of American Poets.
Since 2010, Katie has taught creative writing, composition, research writing, and rhetoric at various secondary and higher education institutions including Emerson College, Roosevelt University, and St. Paul's School. She has also led poetry workshops at the Cambridge Center for Adult Education, the Newberry Library, and the Loft Literary Center. Currently she is a Visiting Assistant Professor at the University of Wisconsin in Eau Claire.
As a freelancer, Katie has contributed essays, articles, and reviews to the Star Tribune, The Verge, Time Out New York/Boston/Chicago, The Establishment, Role Reboot, and Smithsonian's The Torch. Her poetry has appeared or is forthcoming in a number of journals including Measure, Unsplendid, The Raintown Review, and Poetry Quarterly. Most recently, her poem "How to Explain Death to Your Daughter" was selected by the Saint Paul Almanac to be featured on Metro Transit buses and trains in the Minneapolis/St. Paul region in 2017. She hopes to publish her first book of poems in the near future.


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A mere nine months ago, Colorado's prospects for getting a huge federal grant from the newly announced Race to the Top education effort were bright.
After all, the state already had made progress on many of the goals that Education Secretary Arne Duncan had laid out, including broader charter school opportunities and performance pay programs.
We're afraid, however, that Colorado has blown its lead, and the real losers may end up being the state's children. What a shame.
Gov. Bill Ritter and Lt. Gov. Barbara O'Brien on Tuesday announced with fanfare that the state had turned in its Race to the Top application for $377 million.
The trouble is, the application didn't include a key reform that most people consider to be essential. That measure is legislation to overhaul the K-12 teacher tenure process by tying teacher evaluations to student achievement.
The draft legislation is out there, but there was never a serious push to get it approved. It would tie a favorable teacher review to progress in student achievement and would allow the revocation of tenure for teachers who have poor evaluations and substandard student growth.
The state also has the data tracking system necessary to enact such reform. Rich Wenning, associate commissioner at the Colorado Department of Education, has devised a data system that can determine which schools and teachers are most effective at getting students to achieve.
It's exactly the type of system Secretary Duncan has said he supports.
Yet, when push came to shove, this administration and the Democratic majorities in the state House and Senate failed to even try to get a bill passed. O'Brien told The Post, in a story published Tuesday, that educators were worried about kinks in the tracking system.
"It's more important we go forward trusting each other," she said.
More important than what? Getting something done for the good of the state's children? We have to wonder whether this is really the teachers unions exerting their influence in the waning days of the Ritter administration to block an initiative they find distasteful.
Back in April of last year, O'Brien assumed control of the Race to the Top effort from a phalanx of legislators who were on fire to get a piece of the newly announced grant program. She told us Tuesday that if Colorado loses out on the first round, and she thought that likely, there would be time to get buy-in from educators and compete for a second round of funding.
O'Brien said educators convinced her that creating such a system would be a much smoother process if collaboration were involved.
"I don't think we're out of options at all," she said.
We're not convinced the political dynamics are going to change much in the next few months to get such changes through the legislature for a second go at the money.
Missing out on the first round would be an opportunity lost. And it would be a potentially devastating loss for Colorado's school children.
Colorado shouldn't be in this position. While many other states are pushing to the finish, it feels as though Colorado didn't even get suited up for the game.


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"Being a Constitutional authority, the CAG (Vinod Rai) feels that it would be improper on his part to join a public debate on this issue. It is hereby stated that the organisation of the CAG would clarify on the report at the appropriate forum when required," an official statement from the CAG office said.
The statement said the CAG office has been getting repeated calls from the media for reactions to the news stories on the allocation of coal blocks and augmentation of coal production presented in Parliament on August 17 and subsequent clarifications in this regard.
On Monday in the Parliament, Dr Singh questioned the CAG findings on coal blocks allocation describing them as "disputable and flawed".
"The policy of allocation of coal blocks to private parties, which the CAG has criticised, was not a new policy introduced by the United Progressive Alliance. The policy has existed since 1993 and previous government also allocated coal blocks in precisely the manner that the CAG has now criticised," he had said.
In a 32-point rebuttal of the CAG findings on the coal blocks allocations Singh said, "The observations of the CAG are clearly disputable."


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Michael Wolff has called Tony Blair a "complete liar" after Blair denied having ever talking to Jared Kushner. Video: BBC/ The Andrew Marr Show
A cold snap nicknamed the "beast from the east" is expected to hit Ireland on Tuesday meaning plummeting temperatures and heavy snowfall throughout the country.
Trump's tweets as a private citizen often contradict his actions as US president and helped create the internet meme "there's always a tweet".
Ireland's Joe Schmidt and Rory Best speak to the media as Ireland defeat Wales 37-27 in Dublin's Aviva Stadium.
Wales head coach Warren Gatland addresses the media as his team loses 37-27 to Ireland in the Six Nations.
Gerry Thornley and Liam Toland report from Dublin's Aviva Stadium as Ireland defeat Wales 37-27 in an enthralling Six Nations encounter. Video: David Dunne
US president Donald Trump returned to his campaign style speech at the CPAC conference, referencing the border wall, 'crooked Hillary' and his bald spot. Video: The White House
The author of an explosive book on Donald Trump has said he believes the US president's son-in-law and senior adviser, Jared Kushner, will be indicted. Video: Waterstones
Representatives from UCD won both the winning team and overall winner of The Irish Times Debate 2018 grand final. Video: Corish Productions
British actor and TV presenter Stephen Fry has announced that he has had his prostate removed following a cancer diagnosis in late 2017. Video: stephenfry.com
US president Donald Trump performs a dramatic reading of the words to "The Snake", a song written by Oscar Brown, asking the audience to think of immigration to the US as he did so. Video: The White House
Speaking at an informal gathering of EU government leaders in Brussels, Taoiseach Leo Varadkar has called on "radical Brexiteers" to respect the Good Friday Agreement. Video: EU Council
Humanitarian agencies are calling for an urgent ceasefire in the besieged Syrian enclave of eastern Ghouta after several days of bombardment by pro-regime forces. Irish Times Middle East analyst Michael Jansen reports. Footage: Syria Civil Defence, Reuters
For the second consecutive day US president Donald Trump reiterated that arming teachers is a solution to classroom gun violence. Video: The White House
Keith Earls on the training required to take high balls and welcoming "the monster" Chris Farrell into the squad.
The armed sheriff's deputy assigned to the Florida high school where 17 people were shot dead has resigned after an internal investigation showed he failed to enter the school to confront the gunman during the attack. Video: Reuters
Several facts used to promote her Planet Woman initiative are wrong or have been largely discredited. Video: Planet Woman initiative
Australian deputy prime minister Barnaby Joyce, a practising Catholic, has been married for 24 years and has campaigned on family values. He said he decided to quit after an allegation of sexual harassment emerged on Friday.
Gerry Thornley and Gavin Cummiskey look forward to Saturday's Six Nations clash with Wales. Video: Enda O'Dowd
Colion Noir, an 'urban gun enthusiast' and presenter on NRATV claims that the media love mass shootings. NRATV is the online channel of the National Rifle Association. Video: NRATV
Joe Schmidt's Ireland side hope to make it three wins out of three when they take on Wales in the Aviva stadium this Saturday. Video: Enda O'Dowd
Join Caithriona Hallahan MD of Microsoft Ireland for a tour of the beautiful new Microsoft Ireland Campus in Leopardstown. The building features five restaurants, a gymnasium and yoga room and many other unique features. Video: Bryan O'Brien
At the BRIT Awards in London last night performer Stormzy challenged the UK government's handling of the Grenfell tragedy during his set. Video: BRIT Awards Limited
Squaddies on the Frontline tells the story of the British Army's experience during the Troubles. Video: BBC Northern Ireland
Official trailer for Mute, directed by Duncan Jones.
US President Donald Trump voiced support for the idea of teachers having access to guns during an emotional White House meeting with students who survived the shooting. Video: The White House
Andrew Pollack discusses the death of his daughter Meadow in the Parkland school shooting as he and his sons attend a listening session on school safety and shootings with US President Donald Trump at the White House. Video: The White House
Expressways surrounding Beijing were jammed with vehicles as the Chinese New Year holiday came to an end. The city received over 7.7 million tourists during the week-long Spring Festival. Video: Reuters
In this archive video, thousands of people watched American evangelist Billy Graham at Wembley Stadium during his world tour in May 1954.
US President Donald Trump said on February 20th that he had signed a memorandum directing the attorney general to draw up regulations banning devices that turn "legal weapons into machine guns," like the bump stock used in October's mass shooting.
Michael McAleer of the Irish Times test drives the Tesla Model S in Dublin. Can its battery can hold up on Irish roads. Video: Enda O'Dowd
Taoiseach Leo Varadkar congratulates new Sinn Fein leader Mary Lou McDonald on her new role at Leaders' Questions. Video: Oireachtas TV
A rare atmospheric optical phenomenon, commonly known as a "sun dog", has created the illusion of three suns appearing in the sky above Harbin City in northeast China. Video: CCTV
An Taoiseach Leo Varadkar says it is the intention of his Government to hold a referendum on the repeal of the Eighth Amendment in late May.
Catherine Nevin has died. In 2000 she was found guilty of the murder of her husband Tom Nevin at their Co. Wicklow pub, Jack White's Inn in March 1996. Report: Conor Gallagher / Video: Bryan O'Brien.
Bodycam footage from the Syria Civil Defence, also known as the White Helmets, shows women and children being evacuated as pro-government forces bomb the rebel-held enclave of Ghouta. Video: Syria Civil Defence
UK Brexit minister David Davis says there will be no regulation-light "Mad Max" economy that will aim to undercut rivals after Brexit. Video: Reuters
Director and writer Martin McDonagh, whose second home was in south Connemara, has been honoured for his success at the Baftas using inspiration from his winning film, Three Billboards in Ebbing, Missouri. Video: Joe O'Shaughnessy
Fastfood chain KFC said on Monday (February 19) it had been forced to close hundreds of its British stores because of a shortage of chicken. Customers in Bristol, England, were asked about their alternative lunch options.
Bodycam footage captures New Quay RNLI rescuing a dog, which had been missing overnight, from a three metre-high cliff. Video: RNLI
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This wonderful chair has been copied from an original 1950's design and is a great addition to living rooms and bedrooms. The generous curved shape of the back makes this chair extremely comfortable. Upholstered with customers own fabric.
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Frontier Community College criminal justice major
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Learn about Frontier Community College criminal justice major, and registering for discussion sections and departmental electives. As a student, your first stop should be the registrar's office, where you can pick up a free copy of both the academic calendar and course catalog, in order to find available credit classes that you may be interested in taking. Then get a copy of the schedule of classes, so you can plan a workable weekly schedule for yourself. Finally, check with your major department for assistance with prerequisites, tuition payment deadlines, and Frontier Community College criminology information. Please use the form above to request admissions info for Frontier Community College.
To keep your GPA as high as possible, study the schedule of classes carefully, and note the add/drop deadlines, as well as the requirements for changing a grade. If you get an incomplete, or worse a low grade, you can still retake the class, as some schools allow you to average the two grades on your final transcript. Challenge yourself by taking some courses outside your major to fulfill breadth requirements.
By purchasing lecture notes from a reputable source such as the student union, you can save time by not taking notes in class, and concentrate on paying better attention. You also can audit courses that you're interested in, but would prefer to skip exams and just listen in. Beyond consideration for Frontier Community College criminal justice major, you may think about Colorado School of Mines supplements for complementary electives to your primary course of study.
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Dark Souls All Saints Day Trailer Video - PS3
Dark Souls - All Saints Day Trailer Video
It's the glory of death. What, think there's no glory in death? You aren't quite familiar with the intimidating world of Dark Souls, are you? The spiritual successor to Demon's Souls is bound to be brutally difficult, but if you can manage to survive, you will be ranked among the elite. You will be one of the few hearty, steadfast souls to see this adventure through! Talk about incentive...
9/28/2011 Ben Dutka
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I am slowly walking away from all of that. I save my energy and love for the ones can see my beautiful soul. ~ Esmeralda Daniella
When you do that you always have a happier life with God by your side. No worries and real peace of mind. ~ Micheline Biamby
You must love yourself enough to know when you need to walk away. There is no point in staying in any relationship or relationships that don't value you or lift you up or treat you well. Only a fool or someone that likes to be treated badly would stay. ~ Beverly Nelson
Respect yourself enough to walk away from anything that no longer serves you, grows you, or makes you happy.
Be alone in a solitude place is good, to experienced inner peace and self relax!
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Watford eyeing up Saddlers swoop?
Watford`s ever roaming eye for a bargain basement signing might be about to come up trunps again with the Hornets linked to a pair on Walsall youngsters after 'spies` were seen at a Saddlers reserve game.
The Express & Star have suggested that Watford are rumoured to be preparing a summer swoop at the Banks Stadium with full backs Netan Sansara and Richard Taundry the little known targets.
Given the tight purse strings we`re ruling nothing out and on the face of it both players, no matter how far under the radar they sound, actually sound like Brendan Rodgers type of players…
Left back Sansara, 19 is out of contract in the summer and has only managed 10 games in League One but has all the attributes that would have the gaffer wetting himself with excitement. Described as "adept in possession" and with an England U18 cap to his name the boy can play a bit - and the lad`s not short on confidence either, insisting he wants to make the England U20 squad for this summers` World Cup in Egypt.
Then there`s the small matter of Sansara`s 3 A-Levels and we know just how much of a sucker Rodgers is for "footballers with intelligence".
20 year old Taundry on the other hand has versatility in spades - another of Brendan`s penchants! The lad only turned pro in May 2007 but has chalked up over 50 appearances for the Saddlers - despite only managing 5 starts in 2009.
The pair seem so unlikely that there`s bound to be quite a lot of truth in this.
And, in all fairness to the Midlands finest local rag, the Express & Star usually are pretty reliable as a source in truth - just ask their sports desk who first broke the news that Jordan Stewart was off to Derby last summer?


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Tinker Bell And The Great Fairy Rescue (Giveaway – 2 Winners)CONTESTS | Nirasha Jaganath | October 6, 2010 at 7:18 pm
Congratulations Katie and Laurie!
would have read my review of Tinker Bell And The Great Fairy Rescue, so now I am sure you want to watch it. Well lucky for you it is NOW AVAILABLE ON BLU-RAY™ & DVD! How about winning a copy of that DVD? Well Mommy Niri has something special, 2 winners will win the Tinker Bell And The Great Fairy Rescue on DVD.
Want to win Tinker Bell And The Great Fairy Rescue? (There will be 2 Winners)
To win tell me why you should win it? Contest closes 14th October 2010 . To earn extra entries, after you have left a comment, do one of the following, but make sure you leave a separate comment entry for each extra thing you do (please don't leave your email address in the comment). This gives you additional ways to win the contest.
- Subscribe to Mommy Niri (and verify the subscription to be valid) and leave a separate comment that you did. Already a subscriber (thank you) then leave a comment stating you are
- Retweet (use the green retweet button, on top of the post, for easy access)
- Fans of the Mommy Niri Facebook Page get an additional entry. If you are already a part of it leave a comment below.
Don't forget to visit out other fabulous giveaways on MommyNiri.com
Disclosure: I received the DVD screener for reviewing purposes!


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Leigh Hornbeck from the TU's Saratoga Bureau snapped a photo Tuesday of what's left of the house that stood at 23 Greenfield Ave. in Saratoga Springs.
The house was the subject of a long battle between owners Ron and Michelle Riggi and those who wanted the 152-year-old building preserved.
Pretty obvious who won the battle, right?
The five-bedroom house was on the National Register of Historic Places. A pre-demolition photo is after the jump.


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Wimbledon tennis is "live" and well on ESPN.
For the first time in 43 years, NBC isn't serving up coverage of the Grand Slam tournament in England.
Beginning today, the ESPN networks, armed with a 12-year contract, take over full high-definition coverage of Wimbledon after playing second fiddle to NBC for the last 12.
A lot of money was involved in the switch, but ESPN's sales pitch made sense to the All England Club, which was frustrated with NBC's inability to consistently televise matches live.
ESPN also promises "cross-court coverage" — simultaneous matches on ESPN and ESPN2 — at least three times during the nearly two-week event.
Here's a suggestion for tennis fans equipped with ESPN 3-D screens: You may have to move out of the way when Rafael Nadal moves in quickly to swat the ball in the backcourt.
ESPN also is providing live online streaming for computer users during its 140-plus hours of coverage.
"It was abundantly clear, during the negotiations, that being live and bringing live matches to viewers was of paramount importance to both the All England Club and ESPN," Jason Bernstein, ESPN's senior director of programming, said during a conference call.
Bernstein said "the immediate need of fans and the importance of the 'here and now' made it very difficult to ever imagine how we could take a world-class event and deliver it on tape."
NBC's longtime use of tape-delay coverage, particularly during weekday mornings, was designed primarily to protect lucrative network programming such as the "Today" show.
When asked about the dwindling number of U.S. households without basic cable service, Bernstein said those viewers will have to be satisfied with taped updates and replays of Wimbledon.
The men's and women's championship matches (July 7 and July 8) will be presented on a tape delay on ABC in Saturday and Sunday afternoon time slots, following live coverage.
"From my perspective, I'd rather not make this an NBC or an ESPN thing as much as this is a fan thing," Bernstein said. "Fans deserve live coverage."
John McEnroe and Chris Evert are among the broadcasters working Wimbledon for ESPN, which continues to control non-Olympic major sports events. It has golf's British Open, college football's Bowl Championship Series and worldwide soccer coverage.
Olympic movement. NBC and the NBC Sports Channel (formerly Versus) are in the midst of 56 hours (45 live) of U.S. Olympic trials coverage through July 8.
The focus this week is on the swimming trials in Omaha, where 17-year-old Missy Franklin of Centennial will compete for a berth in the London Games.
Good job by Van Gundy. During pregame coverage of the NBA Finals on ABC, analyst Jeff Van Gundy stared unblinkingly at the camera, reminding me of Peter Sellers in "Dr. Strangelove." But there was nothing strange about Van Gundy's analysis during the Heat- Thunder championship series.
He was crisp, to the point and at times controversial, particularly about referee calls around the basket. Was it an offensive charge or a defensive block?
He also admitted he made a mistake, which is rare among network sports personalities. In the fourth quarter of Game 5, with Miami leading by 21, he told viewers: "At the start of the series, I thought Oklahoma City was the better team. Obviously, I was wrong."
Women's fab 40. Former soccer star Mia Hamm leads the ESPN list of the "Top 40 Female Athletes of the Past 40 Years," created in connection with the 40th anniversary of the signing of the landmark Title IX legislation.
Tennis' Martina Navratilova, track and field's Jackie Joyner-Kersee, golf's Annika Sorenstam and basketball's Lisa Leslie round out the top five. The survey was conducted by women sports officials and male and female members of the media.
Longtime Denver journalist Dusty Saunders writes about sports media Monday in the Denver Post. He is the author of "Heeere's Dusty: Life in the TV and Newspaper World." Contact him at firstname.lastname@example.com.
ESPN consumed with Major League Eating
It's routine for networks to work out new and extended contracts with sports organizations, but here's one that's really important.
ESPN has extended its agreement with Major League Eating to televise the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest through 2017. The event, live from Coney Island on July 4, will air at 1 p.m. Last year's telecast drew more than 1.5 million viewers — the largest in the nine-year televised event.
The reigning champion is Joey Chesnut of San Jose, Calif., who last year consumed 62 hot dogs and buns in 10 minutes. He will be seeking his sixth title. The defending women's champion is Sonya Thomas, who ate 40 hot dogs and buns in 2011.


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Current three-time nominees Coldplay and five-time nominee Bruce Springsteen have been added to the performance lineup for the 48th Annual Grammy Awards, airing live from Los Angeles' Staples Center on CBS on February 8th.
Springsteen, who has already taken home twelve Grammys over the years, will battle it out with Martin and Co. for Best Rock Song (his "Devils & Dust" and their "Speed of Sound").
Other Grammy show highlights will include a special tribute to legendary funk outfit Sly and the Family Stone, with a musical salute from Maroon 5, Joss Stone, Black Eyed Peas' Will.I.Am, Aerosmith frontman Steven Tyler and guitarist Joe Perry, Robert Randolph, funk artist Devin Lima and John Legend, who is up for eight awards himself. The San Francisco band, headed by singer-songwriter, producer and multi-instrumentalist Sly Stone, are widely known for the Sixties and Seventies hits "I Want to Take You Higher," "Dance to the Music," "Family Affair" and "Everyday People."
Previously announced Grammy show performers include the pairings of Jamie Foxx and eight-time nominee Kanye West, on Record of the Year nominee "Gold Digger"; U2 and Mary J. Blige; country stars Faith Hill and Keith Urban; and Christina Aguilera and Herbie Hancock. Another eight-time nominee, diva Mariah Carey, is set to sing, joined by Brooklyn's Love Fellowship Tabernacle Church Choir.


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As I looked out the window this morning, the sky immediately caught my attention. Higher up and farther in the distance I could see clear, blue sky with a few fluffy, white clouds. As I focused on that which was far off, I noticed how beautiful a scene it was and that I was grateful for the coming day and for God's creation. Continuing in my study of the sky I could see that closer to me and lower in the sky, dark storm clouds had gathered and, depending on where I focused, they sometimes completely obscured the clear blue sky that was beyond. And soon enough, the dark clouds opened and it began to rain.
As the rain started, everything turned grey and visibility out my window was quickly reduced. Within moments I could no longer see the blue sky in the distance but only a hazy grey curtain of falling water. My attention was now completely focused on the downpour and it didn't take very long for me to completely forget about the beautiful picture I had witnessed earlier and the clear, blue sky and white fluffy clouds that awaited me in the distance.
And it's only now, when I've had some time to sit down and think, that I realize the significance of what I saw. God has given me eyes to see the multitude of blessings that He has bestowed upon me and upon this world. He has given me physical eyes to see the beauty of his creation and spiritual eyes to perceive the eternity that waits for me. I am so blessed; we are so blessed, to be called Children of God!
But, as I go, do I choose to focus on the circumstances and the storm that is close around me or do I choose to see that which lies beyond? Am I a person of the here and now or a person who, by his actions, chooses to have eternal significance through the power of the Holy Spirit? This is a choice that has to be made every day and, sometimes, on a moment by moment basis.
That which is eternal versus that which is temporary and the consequences to each is something that we all have to face. This is the dichotomy (a big word that means a division or contrast between two things that are or are represented as being opposed or entirely different) of our existence; that we occupy a specific space and time within temporary bodies and have relatively short life-spans while also possessing eternal souls that will last forever. We are temporary and transient yet we are also eternal.
How do we best reconcile those two, completely different natures? How can we live as eternal beings while still residing in temporary bodies? Is it even possible to do so?
Yes, it is possible and we have actually been given all of the tools that we need to do so if we will follow the instructions that God has given us in His word. Only by living our lives in accordance with God's word can we make a difference in this temporary world while also having eternal significance. Although our residence here on earth is temporary, God asks us to be involved and to love His creation and to always, with everything that we do, acknowledge Him and give Him glory and honor. If we do this then we take that which is temporary and we give it eternal significance by offering it up to the Father, in Jesus' name. A kindness that we bestow on someone today, although we may forget it by tomorrow, will be written in the annals of heaven and celebrated and we will be rewarded for those deeds by the Father, in due time.
"When the Son of Man comes in his glory, and all the angels with him, he will sit on his glorious throne. All the nations will be gathered before him, and he will separate the people one from another as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats. He will put the sheep on his right and the goats on his left.
"Then the King will say to those on his right, 'Come, you who are blessed by my Father; take your inheritance, the kingdom prepared for you since the creation of the world. For I was hungry and you gave me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was a stranger and you invited me in, I needed clothes and you clothed me, I was sick and you looked after me, I was in prison and you came to visit me.'
"Then the righteous will answer him, 'Lord, when did we see you hungry and feed you, or thirsty and give you something to drink? When did we see you a stranger and invite you in, or needing clothes and clothe you? When did we see you sick or in prison and go to visit you?'
"The King will reply, 'Truly I tell you, whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers and sisters of mine, you did for me.' Matthew 25:31-40 (NIV)


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The Best All-White Looks to Jumpstart Your Summer
Some people often say "you can't wear white before or after Memorial Day." I say why not? Who came up with that rule anyway? Since I am not one who tends to follow the fashion rules, I intend on wearing… Continue Reading


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State the function of Amylose, Amylopectin, Cellulose, and Glycogen in a couple of words?
- print Print
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Amylose, Amylopectin, Cellulose, and Glycogen are all polysaccharides: compounds containing many sugars linked together into large molecules. They are formed by glycosidic bonds (which are analogous to peptide bonds which join amino acids to form proteins).
The primary functions of Amylose, Amylopectin, Cellulose and Glycogen are energy storage and food reserve. One example of this is Starch which is %10-20 amylose and %80-90 amylopectin. Starch is the main energy store for green plants and starch is the most important carbohydrate that humans eat.
Cellulose is the main component in cell walls which gives plants their structure.
Glycogen is the main polysaccharide in animals that's used for energy storage.
Amylose, amylopectin, cellulose, and glycogen are polysaccharides. Amylose, amylopectin are storage polysaccharides whereas cellulose and glycogen are structural polysaccharides.
Amylose and amylopectin: are found in plant as starch.Amylose starch is less readily digested than amylopectin. However, it takes up less space so is preferred for storage in plants.
Cellulose: cellulose is a common carbohydrate found in plants which allows the plant to stand upright by forming the basic structure of its cell wall through the process of photosynthesis. It is made up of oxygen, hydrogen and carbon as well as a derivation of glucose.
Glycogen: It is made primarily by the liver and the muscle, but can also be made by glycogenesis within the brain and stomach.


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Index finger feels hot
Common Questions and Answers about Index finger feels hot
It is actually on the opposite side of my
from my nail. It's more on the area of my
that you see when you turn your hand palm up, the part with which you touch things. I don't know if that changes anything or not. It went away and I thought it was gone but here it is again. Strangest thing.
Read More
First phallange of
is swollen. Inflammation on handling dusty objects. Advise.
Read More
I have just started getting this burning sensation, like I just touched something hot, in the tips of my thumb,
and middle
. The worsens when I close my hand tightly but gets better if I soak it in water. What could be causing this?
Read More
Hi, I'm 11 eleven years old and while I was doing my hair, I felt my left
shaking from left to right. It was painful, so I looked at it while it continued to happen. It then stopped, but I'm very worried. I don't know what caused it and what I should do. My mom said it may have been a muscle spasm, but she's not sure. Can anybody give me some insight into this? Thank you.
Read More
I have been getting a sudden hot feeling that starts at my knuckle and travels down my
and lasts few seconds. It
like something has just released some
liquid ( like a bubble popping) in my finger and travels all the way down my finger. I happens very often throughout the day and has been happening for several months. Its a very strange feeling.
Read More
I am 33 and in very good health. The 1st knuckle on my
is pretty swollen, stiff and has a fair amount of pain when I bend or touch it. I have already been to urgent care, and was told it was not infected due to no heat or redness. I was given Ibuprofen and a splint, told to follow up tomorrow if no improvement. They sugest bloodwork to test for uric acid or arthritis. he said possibly gout, but that is usually more painful.
Read More
Numbness in tips of thumb,
, and sort of middle
. Ibuprofen and Naprosyn didn't touch the pain. Neither
nor cold helped. Went to the MD and the xrays show the disk spaces are ok. The MD diagnosed it as cervical myalgia and prescribed Ultram for the pain and made a referral to physical therapy. The thinking is it will resolve on its own, but PT would help "move it along.
Read More
can ya'll help me i have a similar problem but it is only in my ring finger on my right hand. it
like its burning and
. it hurts when i hit my hand on the table, hit enter one the keyboard. can ya'll help me understand i am only 15 years old.
Read More
Yesterday I was pruning my Berberis (it has very hard and long thorns), wearing gloves. A thorn pierced my glove and went into the joint at the base of my
. I took my glove off and could see a small red mark where it had pierced the skin. It hurt but similar to getting a bad splinter. There was no sign of anything in the skin. By a few hours later the joint was aching quite a bit but I could still use it.
Read More
to your hand he said again that it is from doing repetive motion with my hands all day. In my
on my left hand I have a knot where the
attaches to my hand. The doctor said this is a very tight tendon that can come and go. Maybe that is all yours is and it is swelling and cutting off the circulation causing it to go numb. I have a friend who had wrist surgery I think she had that fusion. It was recent though. Has your surgery been long ago?
Read More
I have the same problem on the pad of my right thumb and the side of the middle joint of my right
. it started as only the thumb but then it appeared to spread to the index finger and now it's worse there. It does not itch though; just very dry, hard, and flaky, and eventually cracks. no matter what lotions I use it does not go away.
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I've had the burning, like it's been scraped raw, in the arches of my feet and and the web of my hand between the thumb and
. I do have lupus. Is this a symptom of that?
Read More
It began on my left thumb, then right pinky. Then right middle
, right
, left middle
, left index finger, and finally left pinky. The only 2 fingers unaffected are my ring fingers. I have seen a multitude of dermatologists and have tried steroid creams. Nothing seems to help. I have not met anyone else that has this condition and many doctors look at my fingers like they have never seen anything like it before.
Read More
i can say im getting very used to not doing anything with that
utilizing my middle
instead(that includes the typing im doing now!!
Read More
I have been getting a sudden hot feeling that starts at my knuckle and travels down my
and lasts few seconds. It
like something has just released some
liquid ( like a bubble popping) in my finger and travels all the way down my finger. I happens very often throughout the day and has been happening for several months. Its a very strange feeling.
Read More
i have suffered from a similar condition. problem started with what looked like tiny blisters on my thumb and
(left hand). this has progressed to wrinkly look on thumb and first three fingers (left hand). apart from the fact it looks at bit funny it hadnt caused me any problems until two weeks ago when i started to lose sensitivity in those finger tips. spoke to my dermatologist when i was in gettin my moles checked and he tried to tell me i had excema. not likely!
Read More
It is a big problem for me because it is the
on my right hand. It
sensitive whenever I pick up a glass or hold a computer mouse or when I am typing and my job involves computers. I wonder if I could return to my doctor and request a visit to a hospital professional and maybe they could cut it open and fix whatever is going on in there. I read that scar tissue can sometimes be fixed in a hospital. Hope someone can help with this. Thanks in advance! Photo: http://i.imgur.
Read More
sharp pain right elbow, burning in left thigh. Pinky toe on left foot suddenly red and
; other 4 normal.
of right hand frequently freezing cold, yet other 4 normal. Trouble with dexterity in right hand; hurts. Teeth chatter, then stop on and off daily. Hard time focusing on words while reading; page looks funny (like coming inside on a bright day and trying to focus immediately). Exhausted.
Read More
We while swinging my hand forward we collided and my right
became the victim. It felt like it went back too far as it happened. Afterward it tingled and feels hot from within. There also seems to be a clicking in my palm beneath the finger when I move the finger back and forth that is not found in any other finger. Also, when I shake my hand at all or try to grip anything the pain is much more intense. There is no noticable swelling.Any thoughts on what's going on?
Read More
Which is weaker, the index finger or the little finger?
Read More
I had a nerve block 2 weeks ago for hand surgery. My thumb, middle
, and
are still numb. I can feel pressure, but not pain. It feels like my hand is asleep. I cant tell if something is cold or hot, but cant tell how hot or cold. I have put an ice cube on my fingers and it hardly feels cold. Every once in a while i have shooting unbearable pain that shoots through my hand.
Read More
I had a nerve block 2 and a half weeks ago for hand surgery. My thumb, middle
, and
are still numb. I can feel pressure, but not pain. It feels like my hand is asleep. I cant tell if something is cold or hot, but cant tell how hot or cold. I have put an ice cube on my fingers and it hardly feels cold. Every once in a while i have shooting unbearable pain that shoots through my hand.
Read More
I'm a 28 year old female and I have been having swelling, stiffness and pain of my right
knuckle for over 2 years. It started off as a little right itchy bump on my knuckle (it kind of looked like a welt) and it felt like it was on fire. I noticed it would flare up when it would rain and there was high humidity. From there it has progressed to swelling and it is usually stiff. It has been swollen for so long now that it has started to deform my joint.
Read More
They are mostly on the pads of the fingers with a couple on the sides and one on the top of my
that feels and almost looks like a hangnail. These spots are limited to my right hand only. On my middle finger the red spots almost form a ring. Ideas? I also notice that they are especially sensitive to warm/hot water and if I happen to bump them, it really hurts.
Read More
Where ever you can reach, rub. (put your
and middle
together and massage using the pads of your fingers, going in small circles) Maybe this can give you a little more in depth help. http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4884163_stretching-relieve-neck-shoulder-pain.
Read More
had it before, it passed in 5 mins no problem. - BUT, after about 10 mins, the tip of my right
became numb, from to tip to the first knucle. not full numbness, nor mild, i can still feel hot water or pain if i press on it a little.
Read More
The dry patches on my hands are located between the thumb and the
and it
dry ,rough,Itchy and on some occasion it burns and then once it feels burn the area that is burning Turns red. The same Applies to the neck but the neck does not bother as much as the ones on my hands But instead the neck looks purple ish but it looks similar to a hickey but it feel dry and is very wide ..
Read More
I did find out that when your hands are ice cold (like mine) it is just about impossible to get any blood out no matter how high that thing is turned up. LOL So I guess I have to soak them in
water first.....live and learn. A lot to learn yet. Food is no biggy really because I don't care much for sugar and most all of my food I eat is on the low glycemic index. Still planning on a class though to understand all of this a little more.
Read More
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I just finished interviewing Paul McCord about his latest book, "Bust Your Slump: A Dozen Slump Busting Strategies to Fill Your Pipeline in 30 Days."
We had a really good conversation that included:
- The 3 things you need to do RIGHT NOW to improve sales
- The proper way to network (hint: it's NOT BNI Groups & Chamber meetings!)
- How to get more referrals
- One thing you can do immediately to resurrect your pipeline and add sales
- The biggest mistakes being made by sales reps and sales managers today
You don't want to miss out on this episode especially if you're mired in a sales slump.
About Paul McCord
If you're looking to learn more about Paul, visit his website at http://McCordTraining.com or check out a copy of his book at Amazon.com.


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The Pearlman Cancer Center understands that nutrition plays an important role before and after treatment. We have registered dietitians who are nationally credentialed and licensed through the state of Georgia, who provide comprehensive nutrition care for our patients before, during and after cancer treatment.
To reach the dietitian by phone or to schedule an appointment, please call 229-259-4630.


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Click here to print the obituary below
In Memory of
Boyd L. "Buster" Kean III
July 6, 1953 - February 26, 2013
Boyd L. "Buster" Kean III, age 59, of Greenville, Ohio, passed away on Tuesday, February 26, 2013 at 5:10 AM at the Dayton VA Medical Center. He was born on July 6, 1953 in Union City, Indiana, to the late Boyd L. & Lucille V. (Cash) Kean II.
He is survived by his son and daughter in law, Boyd L. & Cherry Kean IV of Manila, Philippines; sister and brother in law, Sue & Bob Koons of Georgetown, Indiana; half sisters, Beverly Rush of Greenville; Leslie Vicedo of Chula Vista, California; and Audrey Walther of Port Charlotte, Florida; nieces and nephews, Virginia & Doug Long, Donald Koons and Melody Koons; great nieces and nephews, Robert Long, Jennifer Long, Ashley Long and Kinder Long; as well as numerous cousins.
Boyd was a member of the United States Marines.
Family will receive friends on Monday, March 4, 2013 from 1-3 PM at Zechar Bailey Funeral Home, Greenville, Ohio. There will be a graveside service held immediately following the visitation in the Greenlawn Cemetery, Versailles, Ohio, with Pastor Todd Reish officiating.
It is the wishes of the family that memorial contributions be given to the Dayton VA Medical Center.
Condolences for the family may be sent to
Monday, March 04, 2013 | 1:00pm - 3:00pm
Zechar Bailey Funeral Home
1499 N Broadway PO Box 337, Greenville, OH 45331 | (937) 548-4141
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Climate of Japan — Dr. Hepburn's tables — Hottest and coldest months — Monsoons — Gales of wind — The rainy season — Earthquakes — Agriculture — Rank of the farmer — Rocks and soil — Cultivation of winter crops — Seed-time and harvest — Curious mode of harvesting — Summer crops on dry land — Mode of planting — Manures — Crops requiring irrigation — Cultivation of rice — Other crops — Animals few in number — Waste lands — Crops and seasons.
IN the preceding chapters of this work I have noticed, from time to time, the operations of the Japanese husbandman. But the agriculture of Japan is a subject of considerable interest, and one which is worthy of more than a passing notice. In order that it may be better understood I shall first endeavour to give an account of the climate of the country.
The empire of Japan covers a space of about 15 degrees of latitude, and is placed between 30° and 45° north. It consists of four large islands, namely, Kiu-siu, Sikok, Nipon, and Yesso, and occupies a position on the eastern side of Asia not unlike that of the British Islands on the west of Europe, only considerably further to the south. Like China it is liable to extremes of temperature — to excessive heat in summer and great cold in winter — such as are unknown on our side of the world within the same degrees of latitude. But the sea, surrounding and running between the various islands, prevents the extremes of heat and cold from being so great as they are on the mainland. Hence Japan is a much more healthy and agreeable place of residence than China, at least for the English and other inhabitants of the more temperate parts of Europe.
My remarks on climate, and the tables of temperature, &c., which I shall bring forward, apply more particularly to the island of Nipon, near the capital and centre of the empire. At Nagasaki, on the island of Kiu-siu, in the south, the winters are less cold than at Yedo; while at Hakodadi, in Yesso, they are longer and more severe. The Russian traveller Golownin tells us that at Hakodadi the first snow fell about the middle of October, but soon melted; winter set in about the 15th of November, with deep snow, which lasted until April. But making these allowances for the differences of latitude, the information which I shall give of the climate of Nipon will present a fair idea of that of the country generally. I am indebted for the following tables to Dr. Hepburn, an American medical missionary in Kanagawa, and they may, I am confident, be fully relied upon.
In looking at the annexed table it will be seen that July and August are the two hottest months in the year, having a maximum temperature of 92° and a minimum of 63°. In January and February, which are the two coldest months, the temperature ranges between 18° and 59°. In some seasons it probably sinks considerably lower than it did in 1860, and no doubt it may usually be marked much lower than this in the more northern island of Yesso.
The heat of the summer months tempered by sea breezes is easily endured, while the cold of midwinter has a bracing effect upon the constitutions of both natives and foreigners. The latter seem peculiarly healthy in Japan, and instances are not rare in which invalids from China, who have visited the country on account of their health, have been speedily cured. In March, April, and up to the middle of May (the commencement of the rains), the climate is very delightful. The autumnal months are generally of the same description; although the sun is sometimes hot in the middle of the day, yet an umbrella is not required; the air is cool and agreeable, and the evenings are most enjoyable. At this time of the year the sun, for days, and sometimes for weeks together, rises in the morning, runs his course, and sets in the evening in a sky on which not a cloud has appeared.
The monsoons which blow steadily along the eastern coast of Asia are not so decided in their character in Japan as they are in China. Still, however, northerly and easterly winds prevail from September to April, and southerly and westerly during the remainder of the year. Like China this country is frequently visited by those fearful hurricanes or cyclones, commonly known as typhoons, which unroof houses, tear trees out of the ground, and wreck many a goodly vessel at sea. It is also remarkable, more than any country known to me, for the suddenness with which gales come on. The morning may be calm and beautiful, yet long before noon it may be blowing a furious gale of wind.
In Japan the rainy season is much more decided in its character than it is in China. The hearty way in which the rains come down reminded me more of the season in Upper India, amongst the southern ranges of the Himalayas, than of' that in China. But the rainy season in Japan is short when compared with India. It usually commences about the middle of May and lasts to the middle or end of June; and a glance at the table will show that these two months are by far the wettest in the year. This is the time when the monsoon is changing from north to south. The southerly winds come up loaded with moisture which they have acquired in their passage over the sea through warm latitudes. This moisture is suddenly condensed into thick fogs as it comes in contact with the land, which has been cooled down to a low temperature by the long-continued northerly winds.1
In 1860 but little snow fell on the low lands, although it was plentiful upon the adjoining mountains. But if Dr. Hepburn's table shows little snow, it is most prolific in earthquakes. In June there were no less than eleven shocks, and during the year the total number felt was thirty-two! When we take into consideration the number that occurred during the hours of sleep, which were not felt and registered, we may have some idea of the activity of the volcanos which lie under this extraordinary country.
Having thus given some idea of the climate of Japan, of "its summer and winter, its seed-time and harvest," I shall now endeavour to give a description of its agriculture. As a profession agriculture does not hold the same rank in Japan as it does in China. The Tycoon does not here mark his sense of its importance by putting his hands to the plough and throwing the first grains of rice into the ground, as is done by the "Son of Heaven." In social rank the farmer is said to be below the Buddhist priest, the soldier, the merchant, and even the petty shopkeeper. We are told that he is but the serf of the great landed proprietor, and that he is heavily taxed and kept in a state of complete degradation. I am not in a position to deny these statements, but I can affirm, from personal observation in many parts of the country, that the farmers and their families live in good comfortable-looking houses, are well clothed, well fed, and appear to be happy and contented. It is just possible, however, that they may be a wealthier class in the territory adjoining the Imperial cities, such as Nagasaki and Yedo, than in that of the vassal princes and feudal lords of the soil.
The geological formation of the country and the composition of the soil vary greatly in the different districts. In the island of Kiu-siu, in the south, and also in Sikok, the upper sides of the hills are generally barren, with rocks of clay-slate and granite protruding. On the lower sides of the hills and in the valleys, where cultivation is carried on, the soil consists of clay and sand mixed with vegetable matter. On the south side of Nipon, Mr. Alcock informs us, the hills are formed of "sandstone and sand, and the valleys and plains seem little else." About three days' journey to the south of Fusi-yama, "the dark rich soil of the volcanic regions first appeared." In the country round the capital the soil is of a blackish-brown colour, composed chiefly of vegetable matter, and bears some resemblance to that which is found in the peat-bogs of England. This description of soil, as I have already noticed, is not confined to the low valleys, but is also met with on the tops of the hills.
The agricultural productions of Japan may be divided into two great classes, namely, the winter and the summer crops. The winter crops consist of wheat, barley, cabbage oil-plant (Brassica sinensis), and other cabbage for the table, together with buckwheat, peas, beans, onions, and English potatoes. The three first-mentioned may be considered as the staple winter productions. All these crops are cultivated on land which is above the level of the rice valleys. The wheat and barley are sown in the end of October or beginning of November; these soon vegetate, and cover the hill-sides with lively green during the winter months. The seed is sown in rows, about two feet three inches apart, and is dropped in the drills by the hand in patches, each containing from, twenty-five to thirty seeds, these patches being about a foot apart from each other in the drill. As the land has been carefully cleaned and prepared previously to sowing, scarcely any further labour is necessary during the winter and following spring.
Early in the month of April the hill-sides are yellow with the flowers of the cabbage oil-plant, and the air is filled with its fragrance. About the 10th of May the wheat and barley are in full ear, and the seed-pods of the cabbage are swelling and coming fast to maturity. The latter ripens near Yedo about the end of the month, and the oil harvest begins. The plant is not cut like corn, but is pulled up by the root, and laid on the field where it has been growing. When it has lain for a few days to dry, a convenient space is cleared in the middle of the prostrate crop, upon which mats are laid, and the labourers (women chiefly) take the stalks, handful by handful, and tread out the seeds upon the mats. In the beginning of June fires are seen all over the country, and smoke fills the air. The rape-seed has been harvested, and the farmers are now engaged in burning the stalks and other refuse on the land, with the view of getting the ashes for the summer crops which are now being sown to take the place of the rape.
The barley harvest commences in the first days of June, and in 1861 was in full operation on the 5th of that month. The corn is cut with a small hook exactly like that which is used in China. A portion of this is carried home to the farm-houses at once, in order to be secure from the weather, which is rather moist at this period of the year. Here the heads of corn are separated from the stalks by beating them over a bamboo grating. The bamboo, being flinty and sharp, cuts off the heads at every stroke, and leaves them to fall through the grating to the ground. In the court-yard of every farmhouse there is a broad flooring of chunnam, hard and smooth, on which the corn is laid and thrashed out with a flail, in the same way as in the olden time in England.
Another portion of the crop was harvested in a most curious way, which I think must be peculiar to Japan, for I have neither seen .it nor heard of it in any other country. On the 10th of June — so says my journal — fires were observed blazing all over the country, and dense masses of smoke were seen rising from every cornfield. This time it was not the burning of rape-stalks, for they had all disappeared, having been converted into their elements of earth and air, the former of which was already entering into another form and was supplying food for the summer crops. It was the bearded barley which was now going through the crucible, the object being to separate the heads of corn from the straw and awns. This was done in the following way: — The corn, having been tied up in small bundles or sheaves, is removed to a convenient spot on the edge of the field. When the burning is to begin the workman takes a sheaf in one hand, and with the other applies fire to the upper or corn end of the sheaf. It immediately ignites, the awns go off in a blaze, the heads of corn snap from the stalk and fall to the ground. Lighting another sheaf, the workman throws the first away in a blaze, regardless apparently of the value of the straw, and so the operation goes on. As the beardless heads fall to the ground the fire goes out, leaving them slightly browned by the operation, but with the grain unharmed.
Straw is largely used for the flooring of rooms, and is laid under the matting, but, judging from the quantity which is burned in this way, it cannot be so valuable to the Japanese as it is to us. The object in thus burning the barley is, no doubt, to economise the space which is available for shelter, for, if the grain were left exposed to the rains which fall at this season, it would soon germinate and spoil. Every evening these heads of corn are packed up in baskets and carried home to the farmstead, where they are threshed out by the flail on the chunnam floor, as I have already described.
The wheat harvest is later than the barley, and became general about the 23rd of June. The varieties of both wheat and barley did not appear to me to be first-rate, but probably they may be more suitable to the climate of Japan than those of the higher qualities cultivated in Europe. There were two or three varieties of wheat, one of them a red kind, said to have been imported from the United States of America. By the 1st of July both barley and wheat harvests were over in Nipon, and the summer crops were already progressing rapidly on what had formerly been cornfields.
The summer crops consist of two classes, one which is cultivated on the dry hill or corn land, and another which succeeds best in the valleys which can be irrigated. The first of these consists of soy and other beans of that class, French beans, hill rice — a kind that does not require irrigation — cotton, oily grain (Sesamum orientale), the eggplant, turnips, radishes, carrots, onions, gobbo (Arctium gobbo), cucumbers and melons, ginger, yams, and sweet potatoes.
No time is lost in getting these crops into the ground. The corn, I have already observed, is grown in rows, and some time before it is ripe the spaces between the rows are carefully weeded, stirred up, and manured with burnt ashes. The summer crops are then sown or planted between the rows of the ripening corn, and have made considerable progress in their growth before it is harvested. In this way a longer season of growth is secured. When the corn has been cut, the stubble, after a short time, is hoed up and drawn to the side of the new crop, where it rots and forms manure.
The manures which are used for these crops consist chiefly of burnt ashes at the time of sowing, and of night-soil diluted with water during the period of growth. Night-soil and urine are carefully collected and deposited in large earthen jars, which are sunk on the sides of the fields.
Sweet potatoes are preserved during winter in a square plot of ground in the farm-yard. This is surrounded with a straw fence, and covered over with paddy husks and straw when the weather is cold. Early in May, — the winter covering having been removed, — the potatoes begin to grow rapidly, and send out numerous young shoots, which are made into "cuttings," and transplanted at once into the fields. This transplanting commences about the end of May, and continues all June. When these cuttings are put into the ground, they seem to form roots and grow as easily as couch grass. But then this operation takes place during the rainy season, when the sky is often cloudy, and when the air is charged with moisture, — a circumstance which fully accounts for its success.
The second class of summer crops are those which grow chiefly in the low valleys, and require irrigation during the period of their growth. Rice, the staple food of the people, is one of the principal of these, and by far the most important. The variety in cultivation is, I think, superior to the kinds met with in China and in India, and is probably the best in Asia.
The rice-lands generally lie fallow all the winter, and consequently yield only one crop in the year. In the last days of April, or about the first of May, little patches of land are prepared in the corners of the fields as seed-beds for the young paddy. Here the seed is sown thickly, sometimes having been steeped in liquid manure previously to its being sown. It vegetates in a wonderfully short space of time — three or four days, if the weather be warm and moist, as it generally is at this season of the year. In the mean time, while this is vegetating in the seed-beds, the labourers are busily employed in preparing the land into which it is to be transplanted.
In China the rice-land is usually prepared by the plough and harrow, drawn by the bullock or the buffalo. These animals are rarely seen in Japan employed in this way; at least, they did not come under my observation. The rice-lands are prepared almost entirely by manual labour. A strong three-pronged fork, having the prongs bent like a hoe, is used for this purpose. The land is then flooded, and manured with grass and weeds cut and brought from adjacent waste ground, and used in a fresh state, as I have already described. The surface of the fields is then made smooth, and is considered ready for the young rice in the seed-beds.
The transplanting of the young paddy commences about the 8th of June. About three inches of water cover the surface of the fields, and the planting goes on with the most astonishing rapidity. The work is performed exactly in the same way as it is in China. A labourer takes a load of plants under his left arm, and drops them in little bundles over the surface of the land about to be planted, knowing, almost to a plant, what number will be required. Others, both men and women, take up the bundles which are thus thrown down, and the planting commences. The proper number of plants are selected and planted in rows, by the hand, in the muddy soil. When the hand is drawn up, the water rushes in, carrying down with it a portion of the soil, and thus the roots are covered instantaneously. Cranes, or herons, follow the labourers in the fields, and pick up the worms. The planting season is at its height about the 21st of June, and is generally over by the 10th of July. On some lands the seed is sown thinly, broadcast, and here, of course, no transplanting is necessary; this sowing takes place from the 15th to the 20th of May.
As the rice valleys near Kanagawa are intersected and surrounded by hills from which streams of water are continually flowing, it is not necessary to irrigate the fields by water-wheels, as in China. The streams are led, in the first place, into the fields near the foot of the hills, where the land is highest. Little ridges of earth or grassy embankments surround the different fields, each having a small space for the ingress and egress of the water. In this manner the hill stream first floods one field to the desired depth, then flows into the next at the point of egress, and so on, until the whole valley is irrigated. Natural or artificial watercourses, with channels lower than the fields, run through these rice valleys, and when the water is no longer required it is led into these, and carried out to the sea. By this means the water is kept always under the most perfect control; and in the autumn, when the ripening crops no longer require its aid, the little points of ingress are closed up, and the stream is allowed to flow in its natural channel.
During the remainder of the summer and autumn the paddy requires little more than attention to the irrigation, and now and then loosening and stirring up the soil between the rows, and removing any weeds. It is ripe and is harvested in November.
Amongst other agricultural productions which grow in the valleys of Japan, may be mentioned, Arum esculentum, Scirpus tuberosus, and Juneus effusus, the latter being used in the manufacture of mats which are so common in the country. In the lakes and ponds large quantities of nelumbium-roots are grown, and are used as a vegetable and also in the production of a kind of arrowroot.
Such is a short account of Japanese farming as it presented itself to me in the autumn and winter of 1860, and spring and summer of 1861. The farms are small in extent when compared with those in western countries, and the homesteads also present a very different appearance to ours. They have no "lowing of oxen or bleating of sheep;" a stray pack-horse, or a solitary ox, may sometimes be seen, but these are only used as beasts of burden. Pigs may sometimes be met with, but they are generally kept in the background out of view; pork, however, is abundant in the butchers' shops. Goats and sheep do not appear to be indigenous; some of the latter have been imported from China, but the experiment of acclimatising them has not yet succeeded. They invariably become diseased, and die off. Cows or oxen are little used in agriculture, and it is probable that the Japanese, like their neighbours in China, have religious scruples as to using such animals for food.
It has been frequently repeated, by writers on Japan, that "hardly a foot of ground, to the very tops of the mountains, is left uncultivated." I have already shown in a previous chapter that such is not the case; that thousands of acres of fertile land are lying uncultivated, and covered with trees planted by nature, and brushwood, of little value. One naturally asks why these lands, which are capable of cultivation, should be allowed to lie in this unproductive condition. Is it because there is more than enough to supply the wants of a people that, for ages past, have been shut out from the rest of the world, and have therefore, while they have not contributed to the wants of others, been accustomed to rely entirely upon themselves for food and clothing?2
I cannot conclude this description of Japanese agriculture without noticing the remarkable connection which exists between the climate and the productions of the country, and how well they are suited to each other. The rainy season does not come on until the dry winter and spring crops are ripe, and ready to be harvested. When the rice-planting begins, and when the cuttings of the sweet potato are being put out, the air becomes loaded with moisture, and the rain comes down in torrents. Every hill stream is filled with water, and thus the means of irrigating the rice-fields are ready to the hands of the husbandman. Such excessive moisture would have been fatal to the wheat and barley and rape, but it gives life and vigour to the paddy and sweet potatoes, and is necessary for their health and luxuriance. The tea-plant, too, which, at this season, has had its first leaves plucked, is revived by the moist air and frequent showers, and is enabled to push forth with renewed vigour, and to yield fresh supplies. And when excessive moisture is no longer necessary to these summer products, the rain ceases, the sky becomes clear, and the, air comparatively dry: Then the process of ripening begins, and a sunny autumn enables the husbandman to gather into his barns the fruits of his anxious labours.
1 Sir John Davis's 'Chinese.'
2 The land in question is suitable for the dry crops only — not rice-land. Rice in considerable quantities is brought from the Loo-choo islands to Nipon.


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|Lying on the banks of the River Brue, glorious Glastonbury is a curious amalgam of Christianity and paganism, the reputed burial place of King Arthur and the hiding place of the Holy Grail. During the medieval period, the Benedictine Abbey of St Mary was one of England's richest monasteries. According to legend it was founded by Joseph of Arimathea who brought a sacred chalice containing the blood of Jesus from the Middle East. The 'grail' chalice is, supposedly, secreted in the Chalice Well at the foot of Glastonbury Tor, a 500ft hill. The Tor dominates the town and is topped by St Michael's Tower.
The abbey was largely destroyed on the orders of Henry V111 during the Dissolution of the Monasteries. It is said to contain the tomb of St Patrick, not to mention the re-interred bones of both King Arthur and his queen, Guinevere.
The area also hosts the annual Glastonbury Music Festival which has now been running for approximately 40 years.


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In Stark September, we find Captain Kira Riley, new graduate of medical school, stationed at Fort Carson. Her world turns on a dime when she literally runs into Sergeant Owen Stark. Kira strives for success as a doctor and Owen's life is his team. Kira and Owen have issues and tragedies in their past which they hold close to the chest and heart. The attraction between the higher ranking Captain and Sergeant is immediate and intense. The emotional scars, fraternization, a multitude of other women, alternate life styles, and issues will make their journey a long twisted road. Kira discovers a dark side to Owen's love life. Can the dark lover and the vanilla woman find happiness?
Come along with Owen and Kira as they journey through the many twists and turns of villains, mysteries, military service and life.


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COPENHAGEN — Never mind: Bob Dylan won't be coming to Stockholm to pick up his 2016
The Academy says Dylan told them that "he wishes he could receive the prize personally, but other commitments make it unfortunately impossible." The Academy did not detail these other commitments.
The 75-year-old American singer-songwriter was awarded the prize on Oct. 13 "for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition."
The literature prize and five other Nobel Prizes will be officially conferred upon winners in Stockholm next month on the anniversary of award founder
The Academy said it "respects
Literature laureates have skipped the ceremony before. In 2004, Austrian playwright and novelist
"The award is still theirs, as it now belongs to Bob Dylan," the Academy said. "We are looking forward to Bob Dylan's
Dylan's response to the Nobel award, the first-ever literature prize to go to a musician, has been unusual. For two weeks after it was announced, he was silent in public and to the Academy, leading to some harrumphing about "arrogance" and rudeness from miffed members of the Nobel committee.
Then, in a rare interview with The Telegraph's Edna Gundersen in late October, he explained his silence as surprise. "It's hard to believe," he said. When he first heard the news, it was "amazing, incredible. Whoever dreams about something like that?"
Moreover, he said he planned to attend the awards ceremony in Stockholm.
"Absolutely," he said. "If it's at all possible."


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