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Short sample of the full dvd. Excellent for seniors who cannot stand for long periods of time. Stretches those hard to reach muscles and brings flexibility to the back, which lessens back pain. Strengthens muscles for balance, bending and turning which makes every tasks easier. The benefits of Tai-chi and Yoga from a seated position. For more information on the full dvd:
Short sample of the full dvd. Excellent for seniors who cannot stand for long periods of time. Stretches those hard to reach muscles and brings flexibility to the back, which lessens back pain. Strengthens muscles for balance, bending and turning which makes every tasks easier. The benefits of Tai-chi and Yoga from a seated position. For more information on the full dvd:
Animal Push Hands
When I studied Tai-chi-Chuan with Grandmaster William Chen I was a zoologist. One of my jobs was to import animals from around the world for captive breeding programs. Most of my time was spent working with hundreds of species of animals.
They were often much stronger and quicker than I and were sometimes in a bad mood. I had to learn the dynamics of their movements, attention and their body energy to survive day to day. There was something they all did that took me a while to understand. That dynamic is the basis of what I teach in the Tai-chi exercise of "push hands". This makes my push hands different from that of other teachers.
We talk about "energy" in Tai-chi. The animals were doing something with that energy. In most push hands interactions you will see each partner trying to keep the other partner away from them. Hands are flying and each tries to impose their force on the other. In some cases a partner may be mechanically well grounded and very fast and so it goes well for him. Their attention is always on counteracting the partner and imposing their will.
The animals were doing something very different. They were extending their energy into me, and allowing my energy to enter them. They were certainly not trying to "keep me away" in the normal push hands sense. Yet they were very powerful and I could do nothing with them – until I learned their method.
When I watch push hands competitions, my main interest is in the "orientation" of the joints of the body. If each joint was an arrow, pointing in the direction of its energy, to which direction would the arrow be pointing? What I see in most push hands is that the orientation is downward into the partner. It is as if each partner is falling onto the other.
When I worked with the animals, the orientation of each of their joints was upwards, in an approximately 45 degree angle. In addition, they seemed to absorb my force, which in turn, was fed back to me. With further study, I found that they were absorbing my force into their ligaments and tendons, which they used like a bowstring. My own force, stored in their bodies, was then released back into me.
My degree in "ethology" (the evolution of animal behavior) came in handy, as I had learned how to study animal behavior in a systematic way. My training in Tai-chi-Chuan, including push hands, gave me another approach to understanding this behavior, that of thinking in terms of energy flow.
I realized that they were manipulating my energy within their bodies, and their energy within my body to control me. We became in essence, a single energetic system and their attention was at the center of that system. Mine was not. It was only on my side. Furthermore, they could place the fulcrum of interaction at any point that was must beneficial for them. The fulcrum in this case, refers to the reference point their joints use to pivot around. For example, I can move my body pivoting around my tai-tien (about an inch and a half below the navel at the center of the body) or around my sternum. Just by placing my concentration at such a point, the joints function with that point as their reference.
As I fought or played with the animal (depending on its disposition), it could constantly change that fulcrum point which confused the heck out of me. Tayras and grisons were my favorite. These Central and South American weasel-like mammals are about eight to fifteen pounds. They are like little wolverines. There were many species of cats, monkeys, honey bears, coati mundis, anteaters, as well as pythons up to thirteen feet, monitor (dragon) lizards up to eight feet long, many birds and others. Each had its own way of using energy and I had to learn them all.
When I practiced push hands with the other students, I would use these methods of using energy, and push hands became more fun than competition. Many of the animals could throw me off just by using their breath and I brought this into class. When I learned something in class, I brought it back to the animals. Eventually, the animals all learned to do push hands with me and their moods were always good.
So now when I teach push hands to my students, I substitute for the animals, using one dynamic in one class and another dynamic another day. When I still had the animal importing set-up, I used to bring the animals themselves into class. Now I just bring in the energy so my students can get a similar experience.
I found dozens of energy dynamics in the many species and integrated them into what Grandmaster Chen taught me. Today my push hands is not so much about how many times a student can push over another student to get points. It is about learning these energy dynamics, which can then be used in everyday life. These dynamics don't necessarily require physical contact. They can be done even in a verbal interaction, because there are always energy dynamics going on underneath.
My students regularly tell me how they used a particular dynamic in an interaction, often at work. Translating push hands dynamics into everyday life is the greatest benefit of this exercise. It is also humbling to realize that animals are so much smarter in certain ways, than people.
To many people, these attitudes are their identity. They are how we feel who we are. But they lock us into a set of behaviors that limit our ability to grow and be creative. Tai chi frees us from being locked into attitudes. It allows the creative person, who you truly are, to become the core of your life.
When you are locked into a posture, energy cannot flow through the body. Blood cannot flow freely. The inter-cellular fluid, which brings nutrients and oxygen from the capillaries to the cells, cannot move. The lymph, which takes waste from the cells to the bladder and lungs for removal, does not move. The body then deteriorates.
A body locked in attitude is a fearful body. It is afraid to let go of that attitude because that attitude is the only place it feels safe. Relaxing feels like jumping off a cliff. Yet if you take the chance and relax, you find that the cliff is only a few inches high.
I believe that most people are locked into these attitudes and that is destroying our health and our ability to enjoy our lives. Tai chi can be a lifesaver if you are willing to go beyond merely memorizing the movements of a form. Tai chi has been described as "investing in loss". This means that you put time and effort into letting go of your locked attitudes. You stop investing in tightening up your muscles to express fear or "strength".
Invest in health and relaxation. Invest in making the rest of your life the most enjoyable life you can imagine. Learn Tai chi.
This saying is a clue to the real relationship between Mind (attention) and body. There are two aspects of Mind when you are practicing. One is knowing the movements and mechanics behind the movements. The other aspect of Mind is the ebb and flow of attention, its expansion and relaxing. This aspect is like the ocean currents. The "knowing" aspect is like a scuba diver who wants to get from here to there and get things done. He still has to yield to the ocean currents, which are much stronger than him.
The flowing aspect of Mind is not fixed at one spot, such as in the head. It does not give orders to the body. It flows, and the body responds because that is its nature. I also want to make clear that I am NOT talking about imagining the movement in your head first and then doing it. Attention simply flows here or there, it sinks or expands. It is Yin. It is the job of the other aspect of Mind, Yang, to exert influence on the body so that the movements are specific. But Yang Mind does not interfere or overcome Yin Mind.
Another saying is that "The one begets the two, the two begets the three and the three begets the ten thousand things". At a beginners stage of training, the two aspects of Mind and the body are fused. Everything is tight. There is no relationship among these parts of us. In order to have a relationship, each member of the relationship must be free and independent yet coordinated with the others. If any one member is frozen, there is no relationship. If each is completely independent, with no connection, there is still no relationship. When all three are fused and locked, there is certainly no relationship.
Yet that fused, locked state is the condition of modern people. In order to develop relationship you can practice the form in this way: First allow your attention to move towards where your body will go, and then move the body there. The attention will be like a bungee cord, pulling the body, or like a boat, pulling a water skier. The attention will create a pathway that the body will follow.
You will gradually become aware of the Yin and Yang aspects of attention and their relationship with the body. In fact, everyday the Yin aspect of attention tries to "break its chains" and flow but we are so unused to that that we tighten up right away to stop it. If you know this, and look for it in your everyday life, you can attempt to extend the time that Yin attention is free by not reacting against it. Then you will have a chance for a real relationship between the parts of attention ("Mind") and the body. (Don't do this while driving).
When you first begin your Tai-chi practice you bring to it the state of Mind you have. But that frozen state makes it hard to learn Tai-chi. So you either do Tai-chi stiffly, or you struggle to do it in a flowing way. The only way you can really do Tai-chi well is through a transformation of Mind itself, allowing for the relationship described above. That new state of Mind then stays with you all day. You bring it into your everyday interactions and you find that, not only does this new Mind help you in your Tai-chi practice, but in your everyday life as well. And that is one of the great benefits of Tai-chi.
My main job as a Tai-chi teacher is to develop an even distribution of attention in the student. The modern human is trained to withdraw attention from the body and concentrate it in the head. This weakens the body and over stimulates the head. The result is an "empty cleverness".
We are taught to rely on the thinking process to interact with our world and to depress other means of interaction. The Tai-chi teacher's job is to remind students of their original state of attention and of the ways we can connect with and interact with the world around us, rather than just thinking about it.
When we do push hands, for example, we have to be able to feel the state of readiness of every muscle and joint in the partner and the ever-changing pattern of attention from moment to moment. In this two-person game of "pushing" each other off balance, using tension by just shoving with the arms puts you at a disadvantage. The only way we can be this aware is by keeping our own attention completely calm and even, even though we are being pushed and shoved around. We then use this awareness to easily take advantage of the partner's inefficiencies.
The Tai-chi forms teach us to generate all movements from the center of the body, and then, like a wave, allow each joint and muscle to flow out from that wave. The initiation of that wave is a relaxation – just like a pebble dropped into still water, creates circular waves.
It is very difficult to bring the student to this natural state of attention but it is the basis of healing in this system. As long as the attention is "trapped" in the head and thinking process, all the drugs and surgeries in the world, will not bring him to great health.
Yet, even these ideas about attention seem meaningless to someone who has not experienced them. You have to be brought to that experience by a teacher in order to even understand what it is and how powerful the experience is. It has been described as feeling like you jumped off a steep cliff. We are, indeed, standing high up on a steep cliff, struggling to stay on top of it and wearing ourselves out.
It is this struggle that wears out our minds and bodies and leads to disease. Yet the student asks, "If I let go of the dominance of my mind, how can I function?" In reality it is the even balance of mind and body that is required for true creative functioning, rather than just robotic functioning.
Tai-chi practice leads you to this very gently, yet it is a tough practice – very exacting and specific. The journey leads to freedom from fear and stress and a healthy way of interacting with people and situations, which in turn, results in a joy filled life.
Suggested training aids:
The books, "Movements of Magic – the Spirit of Tai-chi-Chuan" and "Movements of Power – Ancient Secrets of Unleashing Instinctual Vitality"
The dvd series: "How to Learn and Teach Tai-chi"
Tai-chi teaches us that we are more effective in defending ourselves when we are relaxed. Let the opponent fight a vapor rather than a solid object. When relaxed you can be quicker and more effective.
If the situation is not physical, such as a verbal argument or a life situation, staying relaxed will keep your mind clear and you will react more creatively. But how can we learn to stay relaxed when we are so programmed to tense?
Imagine a "black hole" (a collapsed star) that is so dense that even light cannot escape from it. If the entire earth were as dense as a black hole it would be the size of a peanut. So in comparison to a black hole, we are not very dense. We are almost not even here.
We tense (become more dense) in order to "feel more here" so we can be more formidable. Tai-chi teaches us that our vaporous nature also has power. It teaches us how to use the power of relaxation to get through life more easily.
The nature of a black hole with its immense gravity, is to pull everything towards it, to grab, to own. The nature of vapor is to merge with everything around it and to become part of the world.
Chi-gung, forms, push hands and Tai-chi bodywork are all designed to teach you the value of fluidity, the value of empty space within you, the value of merging. Internal space is defined as the ability of each joint and muscle to move. Even though the form is quiet, with minimal external movement, there is a free flow of internal movement, like waves flowing through the body.
This is the healthiest state of the body and it allows a relaxation of the mind and emotions as well. Embrace your fluid state and learn about its power.
Our dvd series, "How to Learn and Teach Tai-chi" discusses these ideas in detail. (See http://store.movementsofmagic.com/howtotetavo1.html for more information).
Tai-chi practice is a way of introducing into the modern world, the concept that each of us is an ecological environment, completely connected to the larger ecological environment. How we balance the internal ecology with the external ecology should be a large part of our "personal culture". If we can experience our bodies as living and conscious, rather than just a machine that carries our head around, we can begin to restore our health.
Our modern culture is based on the isolated individual, each of us fighting against all the others. To maintain this feeling of isolation we "condense", that is, we tighten ourselves physically and mentally, turning ourselves into a walled city. We feel that, as long as our lawns are green, the rest of the environment doesn't affect us.
According to Tai-chi principles, the destruction of the natural world and the destruction of our own physical health, arise out of the same mind-set. When we practice the two-person exercise of push hands, for example, there is a tendency to use physical strength to push the "opponent" over. It is common for someone, being pushed, to grab the arms of the pusher to avoid getting pushed and thereby be able to say that he didn't really get pushed.
Push Hands is a game of transformation. It is based on not using tension but fluidity. It is based on allowing the push of your partner to be absorbed by your body, the force distributed among all the muscles and joints, and then transformed to go back to the pusher. Your role is to transform the force that comes to you. In this way you learn the connection between your inner self and its connection to the forces around you.
When you learn Tai-chi forms, it is not just a question of memorizing movements. You learn to generate movement from the relationship of the hips and legs to the root (your connection to the ground). The rest of the body then expresses that relationship. So forms teach you how to express your relationship to the earth.
There is a tradition, in Zen practice, of expressing your feelings at the moment of enlightenment. One student expressed it this way, "The inside and the outside – they are made of the same flesh".
Every time you tense up and isolate yourself, you damage not only yourself, but also your connection to the earth, and even the earth itself. Every time you set yourself against others in anger, you do equal damage.
Tai-chi practice teaches you how to live an ecological life in the modern world. Practicing Tai-chi this way is a powerful way to transform your life.
This creates an emotional tension. You don't want your partner getting into your space to push you, yet you want to move into his space to push him. The unique Tai-chi resolution to this tension shows the genius of Tai-chi's creators and also explains many of our society's modern problems.
Some push hands players will tighten up and spend most of their energy keeping you out. They are not really paying attention to you (your balance, movements and state of attention) but just to their own mental strategies. When they push, the movement of the push is disconnected from the flow of movements that came before. This reflects their internal state, that of the thinking mind ordering the body around but keeping the body at "arms length" from their own thinking mind. It is similar to the politics of isolating people according to their differences and setting them against each other.
The Tai-chi approach to push hands is to consider the partner's actions and your responses as one single unit. You allow the partner to make the decisions of movement and you stay connected with them, but offering little resistance. Whatever position they put you into, you are happy to be in that position, but you concentrate on being properly aligned and centered in that position. Part of that alignment is that you are in a good position to push the partner off balance. You use his movements to set up your body in proper alignment, rather than trying to take control and force his body to move according to your will.
The forceful, disconnected approach gives you the feeling you are strong and in control. But if you are partnering with a good push hands player, your own feeling of strength and control always leads you to being in a weak position. The good push hands player fills the spaces within your power, preventing you from functioning. Yet he does this lightly.
When two good push hands players are partnered, each tries to bring the forces within his own body. When his partner pushes, he absorbs the force, distributes that force among all his joints and into his root to empower his own response. In this way, the forcefulness of the partner is experienced as "raw material" you can use to add to your own power and return the combination back to your partner.
Push hands then becomes an attempt to connect to, and transform forces rather than to build barriers to those forces. You become part of the flow of forces rather than a blockage to that flow.
We are living in an increasingly "external" culture, in which we see each other as isolated physical objects battling against each other. We see the natural world around us as a store, providing products on its shelves, rather than as a living system that we are part of.
When I practice push hands with most people and softly merge into their "space", they harden up and resist, desperately trying to maintain their isolation and to them, Push Hands is a game of maintaining your isolation and feeling physically strong (tight).
If the two partners can both merge, then Push Hands becomes a game of integration balanced with the attempt to push. It is a balance of merging and being an individual, a skill needed in any kind of relationship. Push Hands used to teach people that skill, but in a world of increasing isolation, this game too often reflects its host culture.
If we can embody that skill in our everyday lives, then we can begin to heal the rift between the body and mind, allowing them to merge, which brings us internal peace.
Remember the "Principles of Tai-chi Forms with Applications to Push Hands" workshop on Sunday April 17th 2016. Call (631) 744-5999 for more information. At the Tai-chi-Chuan School in Sound Beach, Long Island, N. Y.
So the teacher must decide how much he or she asks of the students. The less he asks, the more students he has. The more he asks, the higher quality of students he has. Sometimes the decision rests on how many bills he has to pay each month, unless he has a "real job".
To the degree that the decision is based just on paying the bills, the students get a "make-believe" version of Tai-chi and that version is passed down, as that teacher's students themselves become teachers, believing that they are really practicing Tai-chi. That teacher may defend himself by saying, "If I didn't dilute Tai-chi, these students wouldn't come to class. At least they are moving. That has to help them a little".
These are the issues in the back of each teacher's mind. I bring this issue up now because I have been hearing the same issue raised in the field of Pilates exercise. Some Pilates teachers say that they don't mind if a teacher changes the training as long as they don't call it Pilates.
My choice is to require that my students learn Tai-chi. They sometimes complain that I keep teaching new principles and they can't keep up with the pace of learning. Yet I am teaching the same thing all the time even though I may explain it differently. They may ask, "Why didn't you ever say that before" even though I say it all the time. When you are presenting the deeper aspects of Tai-chi training, the body of the student has to learn. The brain may feel that it is not "getting it", but the brain doesn't have to get it. The body learns and the student has to become comfortable with and learn to perceive that level of learning. Yet the brain always feels that if it hasn't learned something then it hasn't been learned.
When you really teach Tai-chi you bring the student through a transformation in the learning process. The student learns about his body and attention (how they work), then learns from the body and attention and then body, attention and the world around him all become connected.
Make-believe Tai-chi, of course, is just memorizing as many forms as you can and learning to say spiritual clichés. This may seem like a cynical attitude but the schools that emphasize this approach really irk sincere teachers. While the students of these schools certainly enjoy their classes, the downside is that the reputation of Tai-chi as transforming peoples' lives just comes down to parroting phrases and movements.
Is there a danger that Tai-chi will become a cartoon of itself? If this is happening to other disciplines as well, are we all simply slipping into cartoon lives?
I have heard the argument that during most times in history, a few people really practiced each art and the rest practiced a shallower version and yet these arts survive. These times are no different from any other. I hope that is true. What do you think?
MORE TAI-CHI LEARNING TIPS by Bob Klein
2. When you breathe out and the upper body settles downward, its weight sinks through the hip area and into the feet and "root". When you breathe in and expand upward, that expansion has to pass through the hip area. If the hips are rigid, these transfers of energy cannot take place. Keep the hip level open, like an open pipe, so that momentum can flow through it.
3. The head is part of the body. We do not consider it to be the "seat of consciousness". The whole body is the seat of consciousness. There is a tendency to keep the head and neck rigid, as if it were a stone throne that the king sits in, ordering the body around and judging the results. "Think" with the feelings of the whole body and allow the momentum, created by your form or chi-gung, to flow through the neck and head. While the head does not flop around, it moves in circles about an inch in diameter. If the head is rigid, the body will be rigid.
4. Release energy at the beginning and end of each breath. If you are not yet familiar with the experience of "chi", think of energy as momentum. At the end of the in-breath, when the momentum flows up and out, let that momentum go, never to return. Then allow the body to begin sinking back down, drawing into it "new" energy until the end of the out-breath as you sink into your root. At that point, allow the chi (or momentum) to be released into the ground, never to return. When you begin to breathe in again, expanding upward, allow new energy to fill the body from the bottom. If you hold energy within the body, you will not get the health benefits of Tai-chi.
5. At the end of each in-breath, expand the palms and feet. Allow them to relax as soon as you begin to breathe out.
6. Once you are comfortable with the sequence of movements, don't think of the movement before or the next movement. Allow the form to unfold, as the mainspring of old watches, unwind during the day to move all the little gears of the watch, allowing "time" to unfold. If you have been trained how each part of the body participates in each part of the form, your form will have been imbedded into each part of the body, like a mainspring ready to unfold.
7. Practice one thing at a time. Your teacher may have presented you with a hundred principles and you can't keep them all in your mind at the same time. Practice just one or two for a while and then switch to another one or two principles. Trust that such practice will add up; that the body will store skill you have gained in each practice session.
8. Don't "hold yourself together". Most of us start all bound up, tied up in knots, as if we would fall apart if we relaxed. For each posture, notice which muscles are "holding" more than they have to. Can you allow that muscle to use less tension? Even less? Use the minimum tension possible just before the arm or the whole body starts falling down.
9. There is an intelligence within your body that is greater than your thinking mind. Yield to it. It may be hard to notice at first. The forceful, thinking mind is like the sun, overpowering all the stars in the sky. Yet those stars are still there, even during the day. The "Body-mind" is always there but requires inner quiet to be noticed.
10. Don't forcefully try to quiet the thinking mind. That is only the thinking mind trying to quiet itself. It is just a trick. Rather, pay attention to the flow of momentum and allow your attention to ride the flow of momentum like a surfer rides a wave. Yield to the momentum. Yield to the breath that helps to create the momentum. Yield to the relaxation that helps to create the momentum. Yielding to life quiets the thinking mind and strengthens the Body-mind.
These principles are described more fully in the dvd series "How to Learn and Teach Tai-chi" by Bob Klein available at:


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Showcase 2002 Discusses Drug Delivery Systems
|Irwin Lerner, retired chairman and CEO of Hoffmann-La Roche, spoke of benefits of unit-of-use packs.
Innovative drug delivery systems and packaging can help strengthen pharmaceutical sales during a slow economy, despite drug pricing pressures and sluggish research and development pipelines. Presenters shared this view with attendees at Showcase 2002, held September 17–18, 2002, at the Morristown, NJ, headquarters of Honeywell.
The event, also sponsored by PMP News, the Healthcare Compliance Packaging Council (Falls Church, VA), the Institute of Packaging Professionals (Naperville, IL), the PDE Pharmaceutical Trade Association (West Chester, PA), and Drug Delivery Technology, underscored some of the opportunities that lie in drug delivery systems and their packaging.
"Companies have to come up with more products, and they can take their existing portfolios and make them better through drug delivery," said David R. Savello, PhD, senior vice president and chief scientific officer of RP Scherer, a division of Cardinal Health Inc. (Dublin, OH). Savello was one of the event's keynote speakers. He noted that introductions of new drugs are at the lowest point in recent memory; at the time of the event, only 16 new drug applications (NDAs) had been filed in 2002. Factors in the downturn include improvements in drug discovery technology that have enabled more projects with weak potential to be killed before they get to the NDA phase and much of the industry devoting more effort to genomics-based research, which is not expected to pay off for another decade or so. While the downturn in NDAs does not necessarily spell doom for the pharmaceutical industry, it does mean the sector is looking for new ways to make profits in the short term, and providing better delivery systems for existing drugs is a way to accomplish that.
One area with strong potential is pulmonary drug delivery, said another keynote speaker, Ganapati Mauze of Aradigm Corp. (Hayward, CA). The reason, he said, is that pulmonary delivery is precise and efficient for small molecules, because it occurs through the lungs and can get the medication to the heart quickly. It also does not cause the inconvenience and pain associated with injectable delivery systems. One such product, the AERx, he noted, has even taken some of its technology from the blister-packaging arena, as it employs a blister cavity made of Honeywell's Aclar-brand polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) where the medication is stored before dispensing.
Better packaging and delivery systems can also be a way for pharmaceutical companies to differentiate their products and establish brand identities with consumers, said Irwin Lerner, retired chairman and CEO of Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. (Nutley, NJ). Direct relationships with consumers are becoming an important key to success in the industry, he noted. In 2000, the 50 most heavily advertised drugs had six times more new prescriptions written than other drugs.
By that token, Lerner said, it might be an advantage for a pharmaceutical company to put its ethical drug in a unit-of-use "patient pack" that provides direct information to the consumer and has graphics that promote the brand, rather than relying on the pharmacist to fill the patient package and provide information on the drug. These efforts could also prevent some of the lost sales the industry suffers as a result of patient noncompliance, he said. However, he noted, it will take a lot of effort to make third-party payers aware of the value of better packaging and delivery systems. Currently they tend to frown on anything that adds cost.
The event's other presentations were from packaging suppliers and others who had insight into technological, market, or regulatory trends in packaging and drug delivery. Following is a sampling of them.
Ed Hancock, president of American Health Packaging (Columbus, OH), the packaging arm of AmerisourceBergen, explained that there are five major considerations in package design: medication function and characteristics, patient medication management behaviors, medication administration settings, manufacturability, and cost. He noted that while cost is often the first of these considered during the design process, it should be the last, after the design team has figured out the best ways to make the package meet the needs of the product and its audience.
David J. Gibboni, PhD, Honeywell's market manager for pharmaceutical flexibles, discussed how film-strip technology could be the wave of the future. He discussed Honeywell's successful collaboration with Pfizer on the Listerine Pocket Pack, a film strip that dissolves on the tongue. It is packaged in Aclar because the substance is so sensitive that it needs very high barrier protection.
Stefan Schmid, marketing manager for Constantia Packaging (Weinburg, Germany), discussed the properties of the "pure Alu" blister, an alternative to trilaminate cold-formed foil. He said that because it is a monomaterial, it is easier to recycle and has no potential for delamination. It is also 7% lighter and has a 35% thinner gauge than traditional cold-formed foils. Another advantage, he said, is that it does not produce pinholes. When there is a breach, it produces a visible crack, and thus there is no need for a sophisticated pinhole detector.

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What does ruse mean?
Definitions for ruseˈru seɪ
Here are all the possible meanings and translations of the word ruse.
Princeton's WordNet
ruse, artifice(noun)
a deceptive maneuver (especially to avoid capture)
a trick
a town in northeastern Bulgaria
Webster Dictionary
an artifice; trick; stratagem; wile; fraud; deceit
Origin: [F., fr. OF. reser, rehuser, to turn aside, to shuffle, retreat, fr. L. recusare to refuse; pref. re- again + causa cause. See Cause, and cf. Recusant.]
Ruse is comic book concerning detectives Simon Archard and Emma Bishop, that was originally published by CrossGen and was revived in 2011 by Marvel Comics as part of its acquisition of CrossGen titles.
Chambers 20th Century Dictionary
rōōz, n. a turning or doubling, as of animals to get out of the way of dogs: a trick, fraud, or the use of such.—n. Ruse-de-guerre, a stratagem of war. [O. Fr. ruse—ruser, reūser, to get out of the way—L. recusāre, to decline.]
Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms
In military deception, a trick of war designed to deceive the adversary, usually involving the deliberate exposure of false information to the adversary
Anagrams for ruse »
rues, sure, user
Chaldean Numerology
The numerical value of ruse in Chaldean Numerology is: 7
Pythagorean Numerology
The numerical value of ruse in Pythagorean Numerology is: 9
Sample Sentences & Example Usage
Russia is a ruse. I have nothing to do with Russia. Haven't made a phone call to Russia in years.
Russia is a ruse, I have nothing to do with Russia. To the best of my knowledge, no person that I deal with does.
Images & Illustrations of ruse
Translations for ruse
From our Multilingual Translation Dictionary
- حيلةArabic
- úskočnost, lest, úskokCzech
- ListGerman
- astucia, truco, artimaña, ardidSpanish
- juoni, temppuFinnish
- ruseFrench
- mealladh, innleachdScottish Gaelic
- tipuIndonesian
- stratagemmaItalian
- dolumLatin
- schijnbeweging, truuk, afleidingsmanoeuvre, trucDutch
- artimanha, truquePortuguese
- уловкаRussian
- varkaSerbo-Croatian
- avledningsmanöver, knep, trick, skenmanöverSwedish
- เล่ห์เหลี่ยมThai
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Women's Brown Gandia 2 Mary Jane Court Shoes
Pikolinos's Gandia 2 Mary Jane court shoes exude contemporary cool. Accented with a square toe, adjustable front strap and cone heel, this leather pair is guaranteed to help you make a style statement. Team yours with distressed denim and a luxe oversized blazer.


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Many people have heard of dental insurance but do not understand the concept of discount dental plans. So what are these plans? Discount dental plans have been designed for the convenience of individuals, families and organizations looking for affordable rates on dental plans and care.
Dentists that accept these plans have agreed to receive lesser payments for their services in return for getting new patients. Members save on dental care and dentists are assured more business, a win-win for both! To receive service as a member of a discounted dental plan, simply show proof of membership when you visit the dentist.
Discount Dental Plans and Dental Insurance
So what are some differences between traditional dental insurance and discount dental plans?
To receive a dental insurance plan you have to first apply for one. After the application, the company will determine whether you are eligible to be covered. With this type of insurance, people who have existing dental problems or conditions have a higher chance of their applications being disapproved or having to wait to receive treatment for pre-existing conditions. Additionally, traditional insurance coverage will have a limit on the benefits per year. With discount dental plans from AlphaDentalPlan.com, there are no limits on using the plan and the discounts are between 20% and 70%.
So how do discount dental plans work in relation to employees and groups of people?
Companies have the opportunity to offer their employees money-saving dental care options without having to take out insurance. This means, the employees get a chance to choose a dental plan that suits their specific needs and not be subjected to annual limits. Since these are discount dental plans and not insurance policies, there are no health restrictions that apply. Also, the paperwork tends to be much less than when applying for a traditional insurance coverage.
Discount dental plans are not only beneficial to the employees, but they are also cost effective to the business. Discounted dental plans can greatly reduce the cost of dental coverage compared to dental insurance. Another benefit for both employee and employer, is that dental plans are available to all ages of people ranging from retirees to part time workers.
To learn more about discount dental plans for companies or individuals, go to AlphaDentalPlan.com. Get started with a great dental plan that works for you and start saving money on your dental coverage today.


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Every now and then, a baseball team finds itself in serious financial trouble.
Under the ownership of leveraged buyout specialist Tom Hicks, the Texas Rangers became mired in financial difficulties so deep the team was taken into bankruptcy and eventually sold at auction.
Complex entanglements from the collapse of the Bernie Madoff Ponzi scheme are threatening the financial core of the Wilpon family, the owners of the New York Mets. This subject is seemingly in the national news every day.
Just this morning, I read an article at Fangraphs about potential options for the Wilpons. In it, author Alex Remington investigates the idea of public ownership of a baseball franchise, specifically the one that currently plays at Citi Field.
Referenced is The Institute for Local Self-Reliance, a liberal think tank, which published a list of the six minor league baseball teams believed to be owned by the public.
The Memphis Redbirds of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League is among the six, but the situation and description, referencing local leadership with a strong civic and charitable orientation, is out of date.
If you thought the Memphis Redbirds Baseball Foundation was still in control of the team, you would not have been alone. You would be in the same boat the Fangraphs author and the Institute referenced above.
It is no longer the correct answer, though.
Fundamental Advisors LP, a private-equity firm, gained control of the Redbirds franchise and AutoZone Park through the purchase of tax-exempt bonds after they went into default. The bonds were backed by the franchise and the ballpark. AutoZone opened in 2000, with its $80.5 million cost the record high for a minor league stadium.
Bloomberg.com sees these investor takeovers of distressed situations, specifically municipal debt, as a new wave.
In their own words, "Fundamental Advisors is an alternative investment platform focused on special situations and distressed opportunities – primarily in tax-exempt municipal securities." The limited partnership is led by Chairman and CEO Laurence Gottlieb and calls Fifth Avenue in Manhattan home.
As the Memphis Redbirds Baseball Foundation headed toward a 2009 default of its $72 million tax-exempt bond issue used to fund the construction of AutoZone Park, their relationship with their original bondholders became "adversarial," according to the Foundation's treasurer, John Pontius. The debt caused a lack of working capital which the Foundation blamed for the club's operational problems.
Pontius' words in the Bloomberg article are positive with respect to Fundamental Advisors' judgments in funding the baseball operation since taking control. Those previously managing the Redbirds on a day-to-day basis, Blues City Baseball, were cleared out, with a unit of media giant Comcast, Global Spectrum, awarded a facilities management contract for the team. That change began in July 2009 with naming of Ben Weiss, a long-time Global Spectrum employee, as Memphis' new general manager.
For some time during the bumpy period, the Redbirds had been on the market. In fact, in September 2008, the parent St. Louis Cardinals signed a letter of intent to purchase their top farm team and rent AutoZone Park.
That did not come to pass. By January 2009, the Cardinals withdrew the letter of intent. Not surprisingly, the amount of debt, the impact of back taxes and future revenue projections were represented as major factors in the parent organization's decision to walk away from the opportunity.
It is not known whether the club and ballpark are currently actively being shopped. Given the current environment, it would appear to depend on what Fundamental Advisors views to be its most advantageous business opportunity.
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Man admits murdering his fiancée
A man has pleaded guilty to the murder of his 17-year-old fiancée in Co Londonderry in 2007.
Terry Phillip Whiting (31), who is originally from England but has an address at Robertson Crescent in Limavady, was charged with murdering Wendy McAteer on Wednesday, November 21, 2007. The couple shared a house together.
Ms McAteer's body was found in a laneway at Blackburn Path in Limavady, hear St Mary's High School, where she had been a pupil.
She had sustained serious head injuries. Whiting pleaded guilty to the murder on the first day of his trial yesterday in Londonderry. The case has been adjourned for sentencing in April.
Belfast Telegraph


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Citrus Spritzer
A refreshing and festive (but non-alcholic) drink option perfect for any warm weather get-together. Also try our recipes for Strawberry Iced Tea and Lemon Julep.
Level: Easy
Yield: about 10 cups
- 4 c. orange juice
- 4 c. lemon-lime seltzer
- 2 oranges
- 2 limes
- In large pitcher, stir together orange juice, lemon-lime seltzer, sliced oranges, and sliced limes. Refrigerate at least 30 minutes. Serve over ice.
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text: James Morris a écrit :> > Do you have any performance measurements?Yes, as I said in the first mail : >In oprofile results, ipt_do_table() was at the first position. >It is now at 6th position, using 1/3 of the CPU it was using before. >(Tests done on a dual Xeon i386 and a dual Opteron x86_64)On the dual opteron machine, with 40.000 packets coming per second, and 35.000 sent per second, the numbers were : 12.8 % before the patches, 4.4 % after the patches.I dont have separate perf measurements for each patch.Considering the fact that I inlined the read_lock_bh() call (not displayed in oprofile results, probably because of the special .spinlock.text section) that should have increased the profile of ipt_do_table(), thats a lot of CPU cycles and mem bandwitdh that are available for other jobs.Eric-To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" inthe body of a message to firstname.lastname@example.com majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.htmlPlease read the FAQ at http://www.tux.org/lkml/


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Hello Harvesters
As the cooler weather approaches, we are going to start seeing an influx of root vegetables into the harvest boxes. Whether it's beet, celery root, turnip, or rutabaga, these hardy foods thrive in the winter because of their resistance to cold. Some of our less adventurous friends express some disappointment when root veggie season rolls around- "awww, rutabaga again?" – but here at PCH we think root veggies are awesome. All it takes is a bit of root veggie know-how to keep these foods interesting over the long winter. Let's start with the basics.
The Beet
Beets are sweet, juicy root veggies that have the consistency slightly thicker than a potato, but with a much sweeter taste. Beets are the primary ingredient in the traditional Ukrainian soup called borscht, a stew-like dish with beets, potatoes, carrots, and beef or pork broth. Boiled, cubed, and chilled beets also make excellent additions to spinach salads in the fall, and beet greens can also be eaten sautéed. They come in many varieties, including red, gold, and "Chiogga", the type that exhibits beautiful red and white spirals when sliced in cross-section. Be careful when cooking with red beets, as the juice can put bright magenta stain on your clothing.
The TurnipThe turnip is a white and pink taproot of Brassica rapa. It grows partially under and above ground, with the underground part remaining white and the above ground part turning colors, usually pink. In southern cuisine, turnip greens are sometimes eaten boiled like collard greens. Turnips have a spicy kick to them, almost like a radish, and this can be a great addition to a beef stew.
The RutabagaRutabagas look quite similar to turnips, but the colored top of the root tends to be a darker, more muted purple rather than pink, and the white subterranean part of the root tends to be a more yellowish cream color. The flavor of a rutabaga is milder than a turnip, with less radish-like kick. Rutabagas are good for adding substance to soups and stews, or for roasting on their own.
Celery RootCelery root (or celeriac) is a variety of celery that is grown for its large edible root. It has a spicy, bitter celery taste, but a texture more like a turnip or a rutabaga. Celeriac makes an excellent addition to stocks, and tastes great sliced thin and roasted with salt.
Let us know which is your favorite root veggie!


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Authorities on Thursday booked a case against a hospital in Kukatpally under provisions of the Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act for allegedly disclosing the sex of an unborn child. In a decoy operation carried out by the Ranga Reddy DMHO officials, Kavya Nursing Home was found to be revealing the sex of the foetus, contrary to the provisions of the Act.
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The 2009 September Meeting was held on September 17th at the Long Island Maritime Museum.
1. Local Waterfront Revitaliation Plan (LWRP)
The W.S.C.A. was forwarded a copy of the grant application submitted to New York State by the Town of Islip
for the funds to explore the possibility of rezoning the West Sayville working waterfront. The adoption of such a plan is to develop a general land and water use plan. Such a plan would protect the waterfront from inappropriate development in the future and would loosen the usage restrictions for the current tenants. It might also open up the possibility for capital improvements in the neighborhood, ie: new sidewalks or repaving.
While this plan may seem like a great ideas, there does appear to be some resistence to the plan and certainly a lot of questions as to what the possible usages might be. West Sayville Boat Basin owner, Mark De'Angelis was emphatic that residential usage not be allowed. He cited the fire hazards of apartments located over businesses.
It was decided that more research on the uses allowed under LWRP's is needed.
2. West Sayville resident, Joe Burns attended the meeting to discuss the problems of ingress and egress at the Matthews Road property (the former Kurt Weiss Greenhouses). The current plan is for Suffolk County to acquire the property and turn it over to the Sayville Lacrosse Club who will lease it from the County. Ginny Fields has procured a grant for the club to turn the property into much needed fields. This would be contingent upon the land being sold to the County. Because the parcel was for used for greenhouses, soil remediation is necessary before the purchase can go through. Unfortunately the parcel is land locked. Possible suggestions were a bridge over the LIRR tracks or an easement from Locust Avenue.
3. Brendan McCurdy updated the group on the Article 78 proceeding. Court papers were filed on both sides. We are waiting from word from the courts on our next step.
The necessity of publicity was confirmed. Plans for a "Trees Not Trucks: Grow Brookside Park" bumper sticker were discussed as the decision to have a table at the upcoming Fall Festival to be held Saturday, October 24th at Gillette Park.
4. Plans for the annual Christmas Party were discussed. A date of December 2nd has been confirmed.
The West Sayville Country Club will be the venue. Unfortunately, the price of the tickets will be increased.
Look for invitations in the mail.
On Wednesday, August 19th, Islip Senior Planner, Dave Genaway and staff members hosted a public meeting with the W.S.C.A. to begin discussing the possibility of a LWRP (Local Waterfront Revitalization Plan) for the West Sayville working waterfront and a Cultural District designation for the entire neighborhood. Reactions by businesses owners was mixed, some in favor and some not. A lot of different ideas were debated. The next step in this long process is another meeting where we take the results of the last meeting and start to hammer out a plan. We'll keep you updated and inform you of the date and time of the next meeting.


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Dennis and I review Spartacus: Gods of the Arena for Think Hero TV, and both the Starz Network and Executive Producer Steven DeKnight have been watching (and retweeting)!
Watch more of my TV reviews here.
Watch the Spartacus: Gods of the Arena trailer
If you haven't been watching this show, you're missing out!
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3 Responses to "Spartacus Reviews Get Noticed by Starz"
[…] This post was mentioned on Twitter by Tamás Polyák, Kristen Nedopak. Kristen Nedopak said: Latest News! Spartacus: Gods of the Arena Review: Think Hero TV: Kristen and Dennis review… http://goo.gl/fb/lxlYu […]
Such a cool series to watch. I only saw 1 episode but it already caught my attention. I tried to find a downloading site to download everything about Spartacus. Instead I found this link http://games.meegoh.com/spartacusgods-of-the-arena/ which leads me to a game review about Spartacus. Funny because I never thought that the Spartacus series has a game dedicated to it.
If some one desires to be updated with latest
technologies afterward he must be go to see this web site and be up to date every day.
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The U.S. economy has slipped into a growth recession. The final revision to the second quarter GDP report downgraded real growth to 1.3%, a rate insufficient to produce an adequate number of jobs for a growing labor force.
The economic consequence will be either higher unemployment, a further decline in the labor force participation rate, or a combination of the two. The political consequence will be increased scrutiny of each Presidential candidate's economic program during the debates and through the final days of the campaign.
The economy is on a downward trajectory. The three months ending June is the second consecutive quarter of significant deceleration in economic activity. Real GDP growth peaked at a 4.1% annual rate in the fourth quarter of last year, but then fell to only 2% in the first quarter before slowing even more in the June quarter. In addition, early data on the third quarter point to a further slowdown in economic activity.
The components of the revised second quarter GDP report paint a picture of an economy at risk of slipping into a full-blown recession. Consumption growth of 2.0% during the first half was actually somewhat stronger than during 2011. And, a triple in the growth of residential investment – to a 14.3% annualized rate during the first half -- failed to lift the overall economy onto a stronger growth path.
The rate of decline in government spending also slowed. In the arcane world of GDP calculations, less of a negative made the overall growth rate higher than it otherwise would have been.
Yet, in the face of these positives, which all who worship at the shrine of consumption would argue are signs of a stronger economy, growth slowed. The reason: the growth in capital spending – the most sensitive area of the economy to the future – fell precipitously. Non-residential fixed investment decelerated from a 10.5% rate of advance in 2011 to 7.5% in the first quarter and 3.6% in the second quarter. At the same time, inventory investment slowed, subtracting 0.4 percentage points of growth from both the first and second quarters.
The 13.2% decline in August durable goods orders – the biggest monthly drop in more than 3-years – points to an even weaker third quarter. Although the drop was concentrated in the volatile orders for commercial aircraft, the report showed little strength in other segments of manufacturing economy. Shipments, too, declined in August, dropping 3.2% below their July levels. Both durable goods orders and shipments are now below their June levels.
Consumer spending in August stalled as well, advancing only 0.1% in real terms as rising prices subtracted 0.4 percentage points of the 0.5% nominal increase in sales. Higher prices also knocked real personal income down 0.3% in the month, pointing to weaker demand in the months ahead.
The first data on September provide a mixed picture of business activity. The Institute of Supply Management's reported today that its national manufacturing index indicates business activity expanded in September after three months of contraction. However, ISM's Chicago's Business Barometer fell decisively to 49.7, down from 53 in August. That is the first time in more than 3 years that this regional index has been below 50, the dividing line between expansion and contraction.
The Business Roundtable's Survey of CEOs released last week also points to slower growth ahead. In the past two quarters, its CEO Economic Outlook Survey Index has dropped to 66 from 96.9 – its steepest decline since the begining of the Great Recession. A bare majority of CEOs now expect higher sales, and only 30% expect to increase capital spending compared to 19% who are reducing investment. Even worse, only 29% expect to add jobs compared to 34% who expect to reduce head count in the next six months.


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Blogger tells unmarried, black women to marry each other. What?!
We know marriage numbers are declining across the country and when it comes to black women, their numbers are even worse. In the 1950s, black women were the most married of all races, today they are the least married.
So I thought I heard it all until I came across a blog by Demetria L. Lucas, the author of "A Belle in Brooklyn: The Go-to Girl for Advice on Living Your Best Single Life," who said the solution to the single black woman crisis is for black women to marry each other.
Lucas asks:
"So why aren't you married yet? Because your standards are too damn high like rent in New York City. You have nerve to be employed, think for yourself and as desperately single as you are, the audacity to scoff at broken men, cheating men, weak men, men you have to support, down-low men, and even your last resort for marriage, bi sexual men. You out here acting like being single is something to celebrate. .... Black men alive and even not yet born have, are now or will be planning to marry white women. And because in the history of mankind no desirable man of any other color has ever been really interested in a black woman as a wife, you're left only with one hope for marriage: women. Yeah I said it. Single Black women should marry each other."
Her blog is mostly tongue-in-cheek, but we do need to have a serious conversation about marriage in our community. National Black Marriage Day will be celebrated March 17, so let's start talking.
- Being black in America is stressful
- Barnes will take on Taylor at July forum
- Means resignation disappointing
- Eric Von suffered a heart attack
- Why was this kid released?
- Documentary on poorest ZIP code needed more
- Why don't we speak to each other?
- Man arrested in connection with fatal crash
- Things looking bad for America's Favorite Dad
- Another racist cartoon of the first lady


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Watch a whale jump for joy after being freed from a net
It's worth watching a guy scramble around in a Speedo to see this boatload of conservationists save a humpback whale caught in a net. If you don't want to sit through tense Speedo-clad net-cutting, though, you can skip ahead to about 6:30 and watch the newly freed whale repeatedly leaping into the air in what looks like a show of joy and gratitude.
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On Wed, 2004-04-07 at 19:45, Matt Zimmerman wrote: > Certainly there are things which could be done to help. I didn't say that > the problems were insoluble, but they do exist, and you haven't even begun > to consider them all (many different pieces of infrastructure are affected). Ok, I admit I haven't considered all the related problems. I probably know too little to be able to find them all. However, I'm then left with only one way to look at this: either this is a problem that cannot be solved, or the flaws that lead to this go deeper than I thought. If you're right and the problems are solvable, then this sure is one mammoth of a problem. Let me put it this way: disregarding the particulars of any package management system, doesn't it sound silly that you can't split packages when it would fit a purpose? If there is a non-technical reason, then there's no problem and the package shouldn't be split. But if the reason, however large and complicated, is technical, then that's no reason at all -- it's a challenge to be solved. Well, I realize that the next thing I'd have to do is to stop whining and write the code to solve all these problems and remove any technical obstacles to split every single file in all the Debian packages into a package per file. Maybe I will. Maybe someone else will. But I doubt it will be done as long as the approach is to value what we have more than what we could have... Anyway, interesting discussion. If anyone has any further information, I'd be glad to learn more about it! Cheers, -- Fabian Fagerholm <firstname.lastname@example.com>
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Before Robin Thicke and Paula Patton's separation announcement this week, the lovebirds enjoyed many years and many happy memories together.
In an E! News flashback video from the 2009 Grammy Awards, the 38-year-old actress couldn't be happier about walking the carpet with her soft-singing hubby, who was performing during the show that night.
"I'm not performing with him, but I am with him!" Patton joked to E!'s Giuliana Rancic.
When asked about her custom Grammys gown for the night, Thicke gushed, "I like her when she wears anything and nothing at all."
Flash-forward to 2013. The gorgeous duo were at the E3 Expo where Thicke gushed about their family, "I think we're both very grateful. We've been together for a long time and we've been through a lot of ups and downs and there's still a lot more to come. But you try to enjoy some of these moments when they're happening because you gotta see the good in your life. So we're very grateful right now."
Patton echoed, "Very grateful."
Thicke and Patton announced their split yesterday after nine years of marriage. "We will always love each other and be best friends; however, we have mutually decided to separate at this time," the pair said in a statement.
The two have one child together, son Julian, 3.


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JERUSALEM (Sep. 2)
U.S. Assistant Secretary of State Richard Murphy left here for Amman Tuesday morning in order to meet Jordan's King Hussein before he leaves on a private trip to Great Britain.
Murphy flew into Israel Monday evening and met late into the night with Prime Minister Shimon Peres. Murphy is due back here Wednesday for talks with Vice Premier Yitzhak Shamir and other officials and is expected to shuttle to Cairo and perhaps again to Amman for further talks.
Murphy's visit is seen as preparatory to the anticipated meeting between Peres and Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, tentatively scheduled for next week.
Israeli and U.S. officials are not divulging substantive information on Murphy's mission, but informed observers believe he is seeking common ground between the three nations on terms for an international preparatory conference on the Middle East.
Such a conference, with protagonists and major outside powers participating, would lay ground rules for an eventual peace conference. This method was tried in Cairo in December 1977. Following President Anwar Sadat's visit to Jerusalem, the U.S. and the UN sought to convene a preparatory conference designed to pave the way to a resumption of the short-lived 1973 Geneva peace conference. The meeting, however, was boycotted by all Arab parties save Egypt.
Among the issues believed to be under discussion with Murphy is the decision-making process at such a conference. Israel insists that no decision be forced upon her by a majority vote, as the majority would be weighted against her.
Another unresolved issue is Palestinian representation. As for the past two years, the key lies with Hussein: Is he prepared to cooperate in the creation of a Jordanian-Palestinian representation not necessarily approved by the PLO?
Some observers in Israel believe Jordan's reinvigorated interest in West Bank Affairs reflects a determination to cultivate an alternative Palestinian leadership, following Hussein's open rift with PLO Chairman Yasir Arafat in February.
But there has been no sign on the diplomatic front that Jordan is finally prepared to enter the peace process — even in a preparatory forum — with Israel.
Meanwhile, Minister-Without-Portfolio Ezer Weizman is preparing to meet with Premier Bettino Craxi and other Italian figures on the second leg of a briefing mission in Europe on behalf of Peres. On Monday Weizman met for 90 minutes with Chancellor Helmut Kohl of West Germany.
While the Israeli envoy insisted to reporters in Bonn that his purpose was purely to familiarize Israel's friends with ongoing Mideast developments, some observers here believe Weizman is also seeking European financial support for economic projects in the Mideast which Peres believes would aid the prospects of political progress.
Jordan's five-year development plan for the West Bank is certainly one such project.
Shamir, speaking to reporters Monday night, said the prospects of a preparatory conference actually taking place were remote, as were other ideas that Peres had been floating.
Shamir said he was sure that Peres would not veer from the agreed coalition guidelines during his summit discussions with Mubarak.
As for Weizman's mission — which was apparently arranged without Foreign Ministry involvement — Shamir was thickly sarcastic and disparaging, saying he knew nothing of the mission's purpose.