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The Phases of the moon are caused by?
The reason for the Phases of The Moon can be hard to grasp for anyone. We are at quite a bad vantage point here on Earth to see exactly what causes them, this is the reason that it took humans several thousand year to figure out exactly what was going on.
On this page i will show you two different images, each one giving a different vantage point of the various stages of the moon cycle. One image from Earth, one from just outside the orbit of the moon and one from above – looking down on both the Earth and Moon, with all of these images you will be able to understand how the phases of the moon occur.
This first image shows the full moon as seen from Earth
Everyone knows what the full moon looks like……it looks like the full moon.
This next image shows the full moon looking at the earth and moon from above, as if we were in a spacecraft (the moon is at the bottom of the image) .
As you can see it shows both the Earth and Moon illuminated by the sun from the same direction. However, looking down from this view you can also see that half the moon is unlit, as is the earth, this can be a difficult concept to grasp from our normal vantage point here on Earth. But no you can understand that as the moon orbits around the earth, the way it looks from our vantage point change, and this is what causes the phases of the moon – the rotation of the moon around the earth and the change on the sunlight hitting the moon. Hopefully the video below should help you grasp the concept fully and you will understand what the phases of the moon are caused by –


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* Check out [better yet buy and support the magazine industry] the Jul-August issue of Cottages & Bungalow to see some of our items featured,like the Sepia pillows & Arboretum trays.
* The wedding I helped style was featured in Style Me Pretty. It stated "Event Styling: The Inglenook Decor." That's pretty cool! Here's our post about it too!
* I had some epiphany about the shop and will roll out *amazing* changes soon!
* The fabulous Deborah Main is making exclusive pillows for us. How sweet is that?
* I have a few items at Plain Ivey Jane on Second Street displayed and more to come…thanks Sarah!
* I just found Raina's blog through Jessica and she is amazing. You should totally follow her!
Happy, happy weekend!
Have you read our decorating tip of the week? Visit our site at http://www.theinglenookdecor.com.

subset: commoncrawl


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I Have 2 Best Friends
Personal Stories, Advice, and Support 12 People
I Have 2 Best FriendsSo this is my story, I Have two best friends one tht i have known for like 12 yrs and the other one 4 four yrs. Me and my best friend kenlyn faught for two yrs over our other best friend stephanie but it is cool were all besties now so it's cool.
badpast18 18-21, F 0 Sep 5, 2009


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County residents will have the opportunity to eat both breakfast and dinner this weekend to help out three of the county's fire departments.
The Shipshewana Fire Department will have a Benefit Pancake and Sausage Breakfast from 6-10 a.m. on Saturday, April 20, at the department on SR 5 north of Shipshewana. Proceeds will be used to purchase new or replace outdated fire equipment.
The LaGrange Fire Department will host its 4th Annual All-You-Can-Eat Fish and Chicken Dinner from 4-7 p.m. on Saturday, April 20, at 1201 N. Townline Rd. in LaGrange. The dinner will be dine-in or carryout.
The Topeka Fire Department will be hosting a fish fry at its station on Main Street Saturday evening. The dinner will be from 4-8 p.m. and will be dine-in or carryout. Topeka will also have a bake sale during the fish fry.


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Never in 100 years did I imagine I'd come to the following conclusion: Mike Strickland is just as bad as Lane Kiffin.
Strickland, the Belmont University director of athletics, is an undeniably nice man without any outsized sense of self or all-consuming professional aspirations. He's in his 15th year at his post and seems completely comfortable to continue for the long haul.
But his actions in relation to the recent firing/resignation/mutually agreeable departure (it depends on whom you believe) of women's soccer coach Lisa Howe lead to the inevitable comparison with the former University of Tennessee football coach.
Strickland has hidden behind press releases — some of which, by the way, were only available by request. He's refused to answer questions from the media or even the players who were directly affected by what took place. It was obvious from the get-go that he and the rest of the Belmont community hoped to execute the coaching change in a non-revenue sport without anyone paying notice. (In case you missed it, Howe recently revealed to her team that she and her same-sex partner planned to start a family, and a little more than a week later she was out of a job.)
Strickland's actions since are reminiscent of the "press conference" Kiffin conducted when he decided to leave UT after one season and go to USC, which he called his "dream job." Kiffin gave a brief statement — he only did that begrudgingly — and then skulked off into the night.
Based on the released statements, Strickland initially contended that Howe resigned. Several days later Belmont's story changed: The parting was mutually agreed upon. Howe's former players insist she was fired, but even they can't be sure. After a meeting with Strickland, they said he refused to answer any questions about exactly what took place.
It's interesting to note that the most mature people throughout all of this have been the players. They have not necessarily said whether they thought Howe should or should not have kept her job. All they have sought is the truth, and Strickland and other Belmont officials have stonewalled them in that pursuit.
Yet any individual who gives this situation a minimal amount of thought can pretty much figure what is actually the truth.
In its own little Don't-Ask-Don't-Tell drama, Belmont forced out Howe when she revealed something that university leadership wished had been kept quiet. For all intents and purposes, she was fired, although she agreed to go quietly (probably with some sort of severance package to ease the blow).
Here's the thing, though. Based on Tennessee labor law, it seems the university was well within its rights to take whatever action it did. Therefore, there seems to be no legal reason for Strickland to duck the truth.
He should have stepped up and been honest from the outset. He should have said that while the university, which is rooted in the Baptist tradition, respects Howe's right to live as she chooses, it was agreed upon — after much reflection — that the way she lives her life is not consistent with the university's overall religious mission, and therefore they agreed to part. He should have added that he would lend his unqualified support to help her get another job because her record as a soccer coach is of undeniable quality.
People would not have liked it, but they would have had to respect the decision.
As it is now, Howe's supporters are not happy — we know that because of the numerous forms of protest that have taken place in recent weeks. It's hard to believe that those who back the university's stance are happy either, because Strickland and Co. have shown a complete lack of conviction in their actions.
Finding someone in this state who respects Kiffin is like to trying to find life in outer space. It's equally tough to respect Strickland at the moment. Chances are, he's banking on the fact that the fall semester has ended and students have gone home for the holiday break, meaning this issue will die down.
Not that he would ever say so, of course.
They think the less that is said that this situation will go away. Fisher will not let anyone talk, and he will not rehire Howe. There needs to be so much pressure on Fisher that he has to get off his high horse and do somehting that is right.
We are all entitled to our personal thoughts. While you demean Fisher, I would show a great respect for 'going by the rules' of the university.
Its like out Constitution, if it doesn't mean anything anymore, why keep spending money on it? Just put it in the 'outhouse'.
It has been brought out before; Howe knew their rules when she applied for the job. Did she not know of their anti-homosexual attitudes. It was known by the public when they opened their doors. Knowing they did not accept her sexual preferences, why did she apply? Thinking they should consider her as someone special?
In essence, the main question here is; Did the administration know of her homosexual life and still hire her? If they did, I would agree, they should not have brought it up later as a reason to fire her.
Then the next question is: Why did she throw it out to the public?
seriously,this article is relevant how? What does the City Paper cost? Oh, nothing! Which is exactly what you are getting in quality from Tennessean light! By the way, who is this writer, never heard of him? How many articles has he written about Belmont?
This all happened at a very convenient time for BU.....just before the Xmas break.
This gives BU a good excuse for no comments. They can easily say we were all on Xmas break so we could not address the issue. Bottom line......BU officials think if they do not make any comments the situation will just go away but it will not. The students are smart enough and ethical enough that when classes start again the students will bring this issue back to the forefront. BU was just wrong and there is no getting around it. I wonder how many other faculty and staff members are fearing for their jobs and the right to live their personal lives with freedom. Nitzche it does not matter who wrote this article. You don't write about anything unless there is an issue or something to talk about. Now BU has given us all something to talk about.
Loretta Bridge,
It is obvious we all agree or disagree on this subject. Rules are rules. If you take a job with a company and don't feel you need to follow their rules, do you think you are justified in making your own rules... for the company that is paying your salary? You would be justified only if they hired you to re-write their company rules.
Please consider this as my re-writing my 12/27 2:51 post on this subject.
there is NO issue!! What part of Private is complicated? Bringing out your sexual preference is private, she works for a private institution, sometimes it is "get out of my bedroom", this time it is "come into my bedroom"...make up your mind!


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Diamond Rewards Terms and Conditions
These terms and conditions govern all aspects of participation in the Monte Carlo Inn Diamond Rewards Program (sometimes referred to as the "Program"). They first went into effect May 23, 2007 and later revised on December 2nd, 2013.
- The Diamond Rewards Program is offered by Monte Carlo Hotel-Motel Innternational Inc. ("Monte Carlo Inns"). These Terms and Conditions are subject to interpretation by Monte Carlo Inns in its sole discretion and are governed by the law of the Province of Ontario.
- Monte Carlo Inns and its participating partners have the right to change, modify, limit, delete or add new terms and conditions, procedures, point values, redemption levels, conversion ratios, conditions for active status, regulations, list of participating hotels and partners, rewards, and reward levels at any time without notice. That includes increasing levels or number of points received for a stay or required for a reward, changing rewards, adding blackout dates, limiting rooms available for a reward at any participating hotel and changing redemption options due to the lack of availability of certain prizes. In the event that any of these conditions occur, members may not be able to obtain certain rewards. To view or obtain the most current Terms and Conditions, visit www.montecarloinns.com or call Diamond Rewards Program member services at 1.888.564.6194 or locally at 905.564.6194.
- Monte Carlo Inns has the right to terminate the Diamond Rewards Program, or any variation of the Program, by providing written notice to members' three months in advance of Program termination, without further obligation to the members. In such event, the right to earn additional points and rewards under the Program may be terminated and all accrued Program points in your account cancelled three months after notification, no matter the extent of member participation in the Program.
- Diamond Rewards Program points and redemptions earned through participating in the Program may be subject to tax liability. Any tax liability, including disclosure, connected with the receipt or use of the Program points is the sole responsibility of the member.
- Fraud or abuse of the Diamond Rewards Program by members is subject to administrative and/or legal action by Monte Carlo Inns, including, but not limited to, termination of the member's account, forfeiture of all accrued Program points, and/or cancellation of any previously issued rewards.
- Membership in the Program, accumulated points, or any redemption rights that may have been issued to or accrued by a member, will be revoked or suspended at Monte Carlo Inns' sole discretion if a member fails to pay any Monte Carlo Inns bill when due.
- If any laws prohibit the accumulation and redemption of Program points, all rights and privileges as they pertain to the Diamond Rewards Program, shall be revoked.
- Monte Carlo Inns has the sole discretion to amend the list of participating hotels and partners that participate in the Diamond Rewards Program at any time without notice.
- Points and or redemptions that are accrued by a Program member are for the member's benefit only and may not be transferred or assigned to anyone.
- Points in a member's account do not constitute property of the member and have no cash value. You can not sell, transfer, assign, or barter points or redeem points for cash.
- Certain black out dates apply, as determined by Monte Carlo Inns in its sole discretion, and no member shall be permitted to redeem points in the Program during such date(s).
- A member's account shall be terminated and all accrued Program points cancelled or forfeited if the member has no account activity for a period of 730 consecutive days. Account activity is defined as the earning or redemption of Program points. A terminated account cannot be restored and will not retain any Program point balance.
- Only individuals who are 18 years of age or older may enroll in the Diamond Reward Program. Members cannot maintain more than one account or share accounts. Corporations, groups, and other entities are not eligible for membership. When traveling on business, it is the member's responsibility to comply with his/her company's policy concerning travel programs. If a company or corporation choses to redeem points on behalf of all paid stays under their corporate account agreement, individual members within that company or corporation will not be eligible to receive points. For example, if a corporation is paying for a room but not occupying the room, the corporation will have eligibility to earn points but the occupant of the room will not.
- Employees of all Monte Carlo Inns and Monte Carlo Inn's subsidiaries, and associated and related corporations of all of the foregoing, including all restaurants and administrative departments, are not eligible to participate in the Program.
- After applying to the Diamond Rewards Program, a membership number will be assigned to each applicant. Upon receiving this membership number, an individual becomes eligible to earn Diamond Rewards Program points.
- Diamond Rewards Program points may only be earned on certain qualifying rates at participating hotels only.
- Participation in the Program and/or the rewarding and redemption of points is void where prohibited by law.
- Members are responsible for communicating name and address change information to Monte Carlo Inns. Name and address changes must be sent to Diamond Rewards Program (Attention: Membership Changes), 5th Floor, 7045 Edwards Boulevard, Mississauga, Ontario, L5S 1X2 and each request must include supporting legal documentation, member's signature, date, and membership number.
- Subject to the restrictions set out in the point structure found at the end of this paragraph 1, a Program member will earn 1 Program point for each $5.00 (Five dollars) that is paid to Monte Carlo Inns in room rates and/or meeting room rentals only, when the member pays qualifying room and/or meeting room (collectively, "Room") rates, exclusive of all applicable taxes, at any participating Monte Carlo Inn and is a registered guest. The purchase of Monte Carlo Inn gift certificates, any restaurant charges, and any other sundry services incurred by the member, including, but not limited to, catering or banquet functions, food charges, beverage charges, and audio visual rentals charged to the Room account do not qualify for points.
- The Program member is eligible to receive points for staying at any Monte Carlo Inns participating hotel if the Room is reserved in his/her name, the Room is personally occupied (Unless being paid for by a corportation or organization) and paid for by the member, and the member has presented their Program membership card at the time of check-in or check-out. Failure to show the membership card during the payment process, either at check in or check out, will result in points not being honoured and or posted in the Program for that particular stay. A "stay" means one or more consecutive nights that a member stays at any Monte Carlo Inns participating hotel.
- Points in the Program will not be earned for any reservation(s) made and/or any accommodation stay commenced prior to the date the member's application was processed and a membership number issued as shown in our records. No retroactive credit will be given.
- If a Program member at check-in chooses to earn Diamond Rewards Program points, the member may not qualify to participate in any other discount program offered by that hotel or Monte Carlo Inns during the same stay.
- A Program member is not eligible to receive points for Rooms that may be booked and paid for by a member that are in addition to the member's own personal guest room.
- You can not earn Program points for complimentary Rooms or any third party accommodation.
- No other person except the member may earn points for his/her account. Program points for a Room shared by two members will only be awarded to the actual member who pays for the Room; for example, if two members share a Room and split the costs of the Room, then points for the amount paid by each member will be issued to that member; if on the other hand, a member and non-member share a Room that is paid for by the non-member, then the member is not able to obtain any Diamond Rewards Program points for that stay.
- Point accrual is limited to individual accommodation only. If a member attends a convention or group meeting and individually pays Monte Carlo Inns directly for the Room, he/she will be eligible to receive points for the stay. However, contract Rooms, Rooms reserved by corporations on an ongoing basis and/or master-billed Rooms are not eligible to earn Diamond Rewards Points. Wholesale packages and series tours booked through a travel agent are not eligible for points.
- If a Program member's individual hotel bill is billed directly to a company and the member is are responsible for the authorization of settlement at check-out, your stay is eligible for points under the Program. Group master-billing arrangements where charges for multiple Rooms are placed on one hotel bill and or billed to a company or settled at check out by one individual are eligible for points by the company or group master (whomever is taking care of the charges).
- When a Program member chooses to earn points, if eligible, through our sales office for a group reservation, group meeting contract Rooms, master-billed Rooms, or a reservation made through an online travel agency or referred to as a third party site he/she forfeits the option of earning points for his/her personal Room.
Point Structure:
• Each $5.00 of the Room rate = 1 point
• Minimum Purchase per Transaction = $50.00
• Maximum Purchase per Transaction = $5,000.00
• Minimum Points per Transaction = 10 points
• Maximum Points per Transaction = 1,000 points
• Initial Point Balance on issuance of Diamond Rewards Card = 0 points
• Point Balance upon online registration = 0 points
• Point Balance upon linking and liking the members Diamond rewards account to the Monte Carlo Inn Facebook page (www.facebook.com/montecarloinns) = 20 points
Points will not be given, nor rewards or redemption coupons honored, at any subsidiary or affiliate of Monte Carlo Inns, unless otherwise advertised. If a Monte Carlo Inns property ceases to be a participating hotel, all stays (including those previously booked on Program points) subsequent to such date will not be eligible to earn Program points and redemption coupons used for any such stay will not be honoured regardless of when the reservation was made. A member can not use Program points and/or a redemption coupon for a stay at a participating property that was a participating property at the time of such booking but is not a participating property at the time of the scheduled stay; all such redemption coupons to expire one year from the date it is printed.
- A Program member will receive a transaction statement with each qualifying stay; the statement will include the number of points earned on the current transaction and the updated point balance that the member has accumulated.
- A Program member must register to view his/her account activity online at the Monte Carlo Inns website. Once registered, a member may view his/her account earning activity online. Please note that once the Program is active and available online, a Member must wait approximately 10 to 14 business days after checkout in order for their stay to be posted onto the online system.
- If a proper point credit does not appear on the member's statement, the member may send the original paid hotel receipt, his/her Program membership number, and a letter to Monte Carlo Inns requesting missing points to: Diamond Rewards Program (Attention: Diamond Rewards Administrator), 5th Floor, 7045 Edwards Boulevard, Mississauga, Ontario, L5S 1X2. Please allow approximately four to six weeks for accounts to be reviewed and adjusted if necessary. Requests to add, modify, or change Monte Carlo Inn stays and or points to the member's membership number that are more than one year from the date of the receipt issued in connection with the stay in question cannot be accommodated.
- If more than one membership number is assigned to an individual, he/she will only receive points for only one account. Duplicate accounts will be canceled by Monte Carlo Inns and all points accumulated under such duplicate accounts will be lost. Enrollment bonuses (if applicable) are only given to Program members for one account.
- Program points can only be redeemed by Program members for a free stay(s) by the member at participating Monte Carlo Inn properties. Redemption coupons (or any other rewards) are not otherwise transferable or redeemable for cash. No redemption coupons will be issued to Program members until such time as the Program member has registered their account online. Once a member elects to receive or redeem his/her Program points, a redemption coupon is issued to the member and the redemption coupon expires one year from the date it is printed. A member must present the redemption coupon at the time of the redemption of the reward.
- Program points will be deducted from the member's account at the time the redemption request is made and all rewards will be received based on the availability of the redemption. All redemptions are final and rewards may not be returned for credit. Members may not be able to combine rewards with other discounts or special offers of Program members.
- When using Diamond Reward Program points for a hotel stay, the Program member must either make a reservation in advance by calling the hotel property directly, calling the Monte Carlo Inns Central Reservations number (1.800.363.6400), making a reservation on-line at www.montecarloinns.com, or by walking in to any participating Monte Carlo Inns participating property. Some restrictions and or blackout dates apply to the availability of hotel stays through the Diamond Rewards Program at the sole discretion of the Monte Carlo Inns.
- Payment for hotel stays using Program reward points must be confirmed with the hotel or with Monte Carlo Inns guest services agent at the time of reservation or check-in. Reservations can only be made if availability for Program-based stays exists at the time of making the reservation. All rewards are subject to availability and certain conditions and limitations established by Monte Carlo Inns that are in effect at the time of redemption, which are incorporated by reference into these Terms and Conditions. Blackout periods or increased point requirements may apply for certain dates. To make a reservation, the member must provide their membership number and other relevant personal information for verification. After confirming a reservation, the member must show their Program membership card upon check-in.
- Diamond Rewards Program reservations may only be made in the manner described herein and if the required number of Program points are present in the member's account at the time of booking.
- When checking in to a participating hotel, the Program member must present their Diamond Rewards Program membership card and their redemption coupon, the member must also indicate that he/she intends to pay for the Room in full or partially with the points associated with such card and the redemption coupon. Additionally, all members redeeming Program points and/or redemption coupons must present government issued photo identification at the time of check-in.
- Rewards will not be replaced, refunded, or reissued, nor points re-credited to a member's account for any reason, including if the reward is lost, stolen, defaced, mutilated, or otherwise destroyed. If is the member's responsibility to report any lost or stolen membership card to the Diamond Rewards Program member services at 1.888.564.6194 or locally at 905.564.6194 immediately to avoid unauthorized use of the card. Monte Carlo Inns is not responsible for any lost, mislaid, or stolen membership card. If your membership card is lost or stolen, the accrued Program points to date may, at our sole discretion, be transferred by us to a replacement Program account.
- Rewards are valid only for the individual noted on the member card and are not transferable, unless otherwise noted in these Terms and Conditions.
- All Program points redeemed for hotel rooms are for standard 1-bedroom suites and standard Jacuzzi Suites. The Monte Carlo Inns property has the right to exercise limitations on room availability based on special event days.
- All complimentary redemptions do not include incidental charges and taxes, which charges are the sole responsibility of the member.
- No commission shall be paid to any third party, including travel agents, on any complimentary redemption(s).
- All redemption rewards are based on availability and can be substituted at the sole discretion of the Monte Carlo Inns.
- You may only redeem Diamond Rewards Program points in the following amounts: 200,300,400,600,5000,6000,7000. Rewards may change from time to time. For the most up to date list of rewards, see the rewards schedule found on our web site at www.montecarloinns.com
- All redemption merchandise must be retrieved at one of the participating Monte Carlo Inns. All costs (including, without limitation, government fees and taxes, service charges, Canadian federal inspection fees, or any other fees, surcharges, or taxes imposed by foreign governments for international travel) attributed to the shipping of any redemption merchandise is the sole obligation of the Diamond Rewards Program member and must be paid for in advance of receipt of the merchandise by the member.
- Monte Carlo Inns reserves the right to change, cancel and or remove any redemption options at their sole discretion without further notice to the Program Member. 11. All Program members are responsible for understanding the Program rules, these Terms and Conditions, tracking their Program points, and maintaining the security of their Program membership account.
Monte Carlo Inns maintains a privacy policy that is applicable to a member's participation in the Program. The privacy policy is outlined below.
What is Personal Information?
Personal Information is deemed as any information, factual or subjective, recorded or not, about an identifiable individual. This includes information in any form such as:
• Age, name, ID numbers, income, ethnic origin or blood type
• Opinions, evaluations, comments, social status or disciplinary actions
• Employee files, credit records, loan records, medical records
• Information regarding a dispute between a consumer and merchant.
What Information is Not Personal Information?
Information, which is found, on a business card, is typically NOT considered personal information. Therefore this would include the name, title, business address or telephone number of an employee of an organization. Privacy legislation in the Province of Ontario (the "Act") generally prohibits the collection, use or disclosure of personal information in the course of commercial activities, without the consent and knowledge of the customer. However the Act does not apply to the hotel industry in regards to personal information about an employee of the organization where the collection, use or disclosure of such information relates to his/her employment, or to an individual in regards to information which is required to protect the interests of the individual or hotel (i.e., "need-to-know" basis). Therefore, the Act does not apply to information collected on an individual if it is used strictly and only for personal benefits to the guest and is not used anywhere else. Our Privacy Policy and Responsibility to Protecting Your Privacy
We value your business and thank you for your confidence in choosing the Monte Carlo Inns as your hotel of choice. Due to the nature of the hospitality industry your personal information is processed on an ongoing basis. We respect the trust you have in us and want you to be aware of our commitment to protecting the information you share with us in the course of doing business.
How We Collect, Use and Disclose Your Information
When you make a reservation, check in or use any other service at the Monte Carlo Inns including but not limited to our Diamond Rewards Program, you share personal information with our organization, therefore allowing us to provide you with a more efficient product. We assume that by contacting us you consent to the Monte Carlo Inns using this information in the manner disclosed in this policy. The Monte Carlo Inns may use and disclose this information for the following reasons:
• Customer Service - the information will be used to facilitate your next check-in, process any payment for services provided by the Monte Carlo Inns and, wherever possible, to meet your personal preferences in accommodation.
• Marketing - the information will be used to advise you of goods and services offered by or arranged through the Monte Carlo Inns.
• Market Research - the information will be used to improve the offering of goods and services.
What We Will Not Do With Your Information
The Monte Carlo Inns does not sell personal information to anyone. The Monte Carlo Inns does not share personal information with other organizations within the hospitality industry or elsewhere, except as it may be required to process any payment for services provided by the Monte Carlo Inns.
We Strive To Protect Your Personal Information
All of the employees of the Monte Carlo Inns, who are granted access to the personal information of our customers, understand the need to keep your personal information protected and confidential. Our employees know that the personal information should be used only for the purpose intended. These expectations are clearly communicated to our employees. The Monte Carlo Inns have also ensured that our customers' personal information is properly stored, therefore protecting our customers' personal information from unauthorized access or use.
Your Privacy Choices
You may withdraw your implied consent at any time (with reasonable notice) by contacting any of our Chief Privacy Officers. Please be aware that withdrawing your consent may prevent us from providing you with the requested product and or service.
From time to time we may send you general information about new services and products provided at the Monte Carlo Inns. If you would rather not receive this type of information, please contact any of our Chief Privacy Officers.
Diamond Rewards Program Privacy Issues
- The Monte Carlo Inns respects the privacy of its Program members and is committed to protecting your personal information. When you become a member of the Diamond Rewards Program, Monte Carlo Inns and its affiliates collect information that you supply, such as your name, address, telephone number, e-mail address, room preference and general billing information. The Monte Carlo Inns and its affiliate's use and share personal information about members in order to administer member's accounts and to offer and provide rewards, benefits, products, goods, and services to members in connection with the Diamond Rewards Program.
- The Monte Carlo Inns and its affiliates may share personal information with third parties engaged to assist them in providing services to you or to carry out one of the business intentions described above in Section 1. These services providers are prohibited from using your personal information for any purpose other than to provide the assistance described above.
- If required or permitted by law, Monte Carlo Inns and its affiliates may collect, use and disclose your personal information in connection with security related or law enforcement investigations or in the course of cooperating with authorities.
- By becoming a Program member, you authorize Monte Carlo Inns and its affiliates to contact you via postal mail or e-mail in respect to transactional or administrative program information, program promotions, specials, discounts, bonuses, or contests. If you wish not to be contacted, you may instruct Monte Carlo Inns to remove your name and address, by contacting us at the address information described above or by email at email@example.com
- Monte Carlo Inns and its affiliates may share your personal information for marketing purposes to companies that are business associates. You may instruct Monte Carlo Inns to remove your name and address, by contacting us at the address information described above or by email at firstname.lastname@example.com
Dealing With Complaints and/or Inquirers
Any complaint, which is received by the Monte Carlo Inns will be brought to the attention of the Chief Privacy Officer, who upon receiving the said complaint will investigate and review the matter and respond accordingly to the person making the complaint, generally within 30 days. Furthermore, if any inaccuracy Monte Carlo Inns has about the said individual is brought to the attention of one of our Chief Privacy Officers, the Chief Privacy Policy will ensure that the personal information is corrected. If for some reason the Monte Carlo Inns dispute any of the inaccuracies brought to our attention, the Chief Privacy Officer will inform the party making the complaint.
If You Need More Information
Monte Carlo Hotel/Motel Innternational Inc. has appointed a Chief Privacy Officer. Effective January 1, 2004 all matters related to privacy issues at the Monte Carlo Inns can be forwarded in writing or phone or by e-mail, to:
Monte Carlo Hotel/Motel Innternational Inc. 7045 Edwards Boulevard, Mississauga, Ontario L5T 2H8
Attention: Justin Meffe, Chief Privacy Officer
Phone: 905.564.6194
Fax: 905.564.2860


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Email marketing is sometimes considered the Holy Grail of online marketing—people actually giving you permission to market to them! It's so coveted that sometimes the terms used to describe it are a little . . . aggressive ("Capture their addresses!" etc.).
But really, once someone gives you permission to contact them, they are that much closer to a real connection with you. Marketing isn't just about shouting down from the rooftops. Unless it's about building a connection, connecting with people who already like you, and helping new people to like you—all very personal, social things—your marketing will probably talk right over your subscribers' heads.
And guess how long they'll subscribe to that.
Today we'll look at two sides of email marketing: how to get started and get email addresses, and then what to say in your emails!
Since we're talking about email marketing, I'll go ahead and tell you: I'm starting an email newsletter! You can sign up in my blog's sidebar or on this form for free, exclusive updates and goodies—including a FREE plotting roadmap just for subscribing!
I know, I know, I said I was going to do offline marketing. And then I remembered two really important topics I haven't covered for Internet marketing yet. So, soon.
Getting started with email marketing: set up
Let me put it bluntly: even if you're a devout DIYer (which I am), you'll want to use some sort of service to help you get email addresses, manage your list and create pretty emails (which I also am). Personally, I went with MailChimp—free for the first 2000 subscribers and/or 12,000 emails a month, with paid tiers. There are lots of other services out there. AWeber is another popular one. From what I hear, they are pretty much the best out there, but they're also a paid service.
I'm not going to lie: this takes time. And even for someone who's fairly computer savvy (i.e. me), it took several hours to really start to get the hang of MailChimp. Of course, some of that's because I'm a devout DIYer and refused to watch the how-to-start videos. . . .
If you sign up with MailChimp, for example, you'll want to create a list (where it will collect your email addresses—you can have more than one if you'd like), and probably customize your forms. You can do both of these from the Dashboard. I also spent some time creating the default template for my newsletters—and several hours creating the custom subscription form I'm using on my site.
Which leads us to . . .
Getting started with email marketing: finding subscribers
Your blog or website is probably going to be the main place you'll find subscribers for your email list, so it's important to have a subscription form somewhere. You might want to put it on a separate page, or prominently on the sidebar. It's up to you—but if you want subscribers, make your sign up easy to see and find.
As I was thinking about how to implement my own subscription form, I instantly thought of one I'd just succumbed to. They offered a great incentive to subscribe: a freebie! When I went back to examine their signup form, as a marketer I definitely liked what I saw at SelfPublishingTeam.com:
What does this title and copy say? Benefits, benefits, benefits. This box in the sidebar not only catches your eye, but it tells you why you want to sign up and how signing up will help you.
It's very easy to sink into a marketing trap of only thinking about the features—what we want to put in there, what's in it for us, why we're doing it. But remember, people like your subscribers are thinking about what's in it for them. Show them by focusing on benefits instead of features.
And, hey, if you've got a freebie—a first chapter, a short story, or an informational product—sitting around, you can use it to sweeten the deal.
I also think it's a good idea to tell your subscribers how often and when to expect your emails. (Monthly, at the beginning of each month, etc.)
Now, what do I say to these people?
That's the hard part, huh? I subscribe to several author newsletters largely to try to figure out what kind of content I want in mine!
Remember your subscribers are most likely readers (and possibly also writers), so try to think about what you'd like to see as a reader. Here are some things I've seen in my friends' email newsletters which seem like good ideas. Several of these can also double as the thing to "sweeten the subscription."
- Book releases and reviews. Even just a list of what you're reading or looking forward to can keep your subscribers interested.
- Sales, coupons and specials. These can be especially fun or useful if you're self-publishing and have more control over these things.
- Giveaways. Who doesn't like free books (your own or others'), or useful items that tie into your book (a scarf like one your character wears, for example)?
- Highlight (but don't repeat!) your blog content. Many of your newsletter subscribers already read your blog. You can highlight specific posts or the discussions in the comments, but don't make your newsletter a cut-and-paste recap of your blog!
- Upcoming events. Of course you'll want to highlight upcoming signings, launches, parties and speaking events. You may not have these in every issue—or you might!
- Progress on your latest novel. Many of your subscribers may also read your books, if they're published. Personally, I enjoy hearing about how the process is going for an author's next work. But I'm a writer, so YMMV.
- Sneak previews. You might also use your mailing list for sneak previews of content coming up on your blog, your latest project, your next cover, etc.
- Freebies! Remember who your audience is. Right now, my blog audience is mostly writers, but once I'm published, I anticipate more and more of my blog audience will become readers. Over time, I'll probably adjust what freebie I offer to appeal to readers rather than other writers.
- Deleted scenes. Again, this focuses on your readers. It's like watching the bonus features on a new movie—fun!
- Polls and questions. Your email subscribers are often your most dedicated fans. If you need input from someone who cares about your characters and your books, this is where you should turn. Generally, however, lengthier discussions are better on more social fora like your blog or Facebook page.
What do you think? How do you see authors using email marketing well? What do you like to see in an author newsletter? Have you started your mailing list (or signed up for mine yet?)? Come join the conversation!


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Ignorance and Hardness
Sin affects our entire being, including our ability to love, our capacity to reason, and our physical bodies. The longer we persist in sin, the harder it is to see and do the will of God, so we must endeavor ...Read More
In the Beginning
These opening two verses of Scripture introduce us to the One for whom and by whom all things were made. The self-existent Lord of the universe existed before everything was created, and He alone has the ability to create freely ...Read More
Life After Death
In many ways, the world teaches us to dread the day of death. Yet while death in and of itself is an intruder in the created order and an enemy to the people of God, there is a sense in ...Read More
The Lord Returns to His People
Verse 5 of today's passage indicates that in God's salvation of His people after the exile, His glory is revealed and all flesh sees it. God does not save us simply for our own sake, even though that is certainly ...Read More
The Lord's Answer to Habakkuk
God's answer to Habakkuk reminds us of the limitations of our perspective. To us, it sometimes seems as if the wicked will prosper forever. However, since the Lord uses even the wicked to achieve His purposes, one day they will ...Read More
Making Known God's Manifold Wisdom
A church unified in the truth and in love is one of the most powerful displays of God's glory to all of creation. We should therefore strive to bear with one another's failings and endeavor to study the ...Read More
Our Glorious Future
Christ's work of salvation is comprehensive, involving not only rescue from the penalty and power of sin but also from sin's corruption. We who are in Jesus can look forward to the day when even our bodies will ...Read More
Our Heavenly Citizenship
We are justified by faith alone but not by a faith that is alone. Everyone who believes in Jesus alone for salvation will immediately and inevitably prove this faith through good works of service to God and neighbor (James 2 ...Read More
The Primacy of God's Glory
Dr. John Piper writes: "God's own glory is uppermost in his own affections. In everything he does, his purpose is to preserve and display that glory. To say his glory is uppermost in his own affections means that he ...Read More
Recognizing the Earth Is the Lord's
Spend some time today enjoying the beauties of nature, remembering that the earth is the Lord's. Read More
Reflecting God's Glory
Today's passage is being fulfilled even as it is also yet to be fulfilled. The Gentiles are coming to serve Israel's God, and many of us are proof of that. However, we are still waiting for the day when there ...Read More
Suffering and Glory
We are not discouraged when we suffer, not because we deny our hurt and pain, but because we know that suffering for Jesus proves our faith — the path to ultimate glory. Each time we endure scorn or injury for being ...Read More
Transformation into Glory
The glory that surrounds God is seen as beautiful colors, a wash of amazing sounds, a perfume of wonderful smells. That God adorns Himself with beauty is a sign to us. Do not settle for paltry architecture, advertising-jingle music, or ...Read More
‹ Previous 1 2 Next ›


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Shoes & Footwear
Listing Joblots 1 to 12 of 120 in total.
Shoes & Footwear
Wholesalers of Wholesale Shoes Boots And Trainers
We supply Wholesale shoes boots and trainers to the trade and public. We are wholesalers of clearance and surplus footware. We buy from highstreet well know shops so you can be assured of the quality. Clearance shoes, boots, bankrupt shoes and Surplus trainers are sold from as little as 5% of there retail value so theres room for large profits. We do from time to time have wholesale trainers available that contain top brands such as Nike, Adidas, Converse etc. Your welcome to buy wholesale shoes from as little as 5 pairs of a style. Ex-Highstreet shoe's and Traniers will come mostly de-branded, we buy shoes from most of the High Street stores, from Grade A to slight seconds. We check all pairs before dispatching so you can be assured of top quality Shoes Boots and trainers. Our adverts show clear pictures of the pairs you will receive , we highlight any problem with the shoes and promote all positive aspects of the footware. We provide the original RRP for you to use as a guide in your resale, and evey style is given its own unique EAN number for ease of adding to market places such as Amazon
Wholesale shoe parcels and tranier pallets of mens, ladies and kids shoes, boots and wholesale trainers supplied to the trade and public at below cost price. Including surplus bankrupt and clearance from the UKs top high street shops. All our wholesale footware is in stock and ready for next day delivery if requested. We are a well know and trusted Shoe wholesaler and Trainer Wholesaler.
Frequently Asked Questions
- Can I sell my stock on Wholesale Clearance UK?
- Why buy surplus stock from Wholesale Clearance UK Ltd?
- Who benefits from buying surplus, end of line and clearance goods?
- How is it so cheap? Is it good quality?
- Do you deliver outside the UK?
- Who do you sell to?
Yes, we have a sellers portal that you can create your own adverts and place them for sale on our website. We do not charge you any upfront fees and the account is free to set up. Please click here to set-up a selling account.
You can purchase high quality wholesale goods at much lower prices than you normally would, in order to increase your all-important profit margin. Each job-lot on our website has an excellent resale value. With years of experience as high quality distributors, we can offer advice if needed as to what will sell best where.
Everybody! Our low prices allow businesses and traders to buy goods at a fraction of trade price, and pass on these savings to the consumer. Companies we buy from also have the chance to gain space and improve cash flow for idle stock.
Our goods are bought in bulk, usually thousands at a time, from bankrupt liquidated companies or straight from the UK wholesalers, manufacturers or distributors. This means we can buy high quality, branded stock at the lowest price whilst maintaining the highest standards possible.
Yes. We have sent orders to almost every part of the world, and can send anything we have listed on our site. The countries we send to most often are Ireland, France and Poland, but we can send parcels, pallets and full containers to any country. Please phone or email for a shipping quote.
We can sell to anyone! We supply market traders, party plan and sole traders, car-boot sellers and shops including discount stores and department stores. We also supply to Ebay traders, Amazon Traders and website owners.
There is no account needed. We even have customers buy job-lots to sell to friends, as they want a few items for themselves. Here's a quick tip: The quickest and best profit is wholesale clothing.
If you have any other questions, please don't hesitate to contact us. Our friendly advisers are standing by.
You can also find us on Facebook and Twitter.


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lafferriere History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms
Britons. It was a name for a person who equipped horses. The ferrier was involved in the equipping of horses, from harness to shoes. This occupation was similar to that of the English blacksmith, however, the ferrier also fashioned the leather pieces of the harness. This occupation was extremely important in the Middle Ages, as horses were the primary mode of transportation. lafferriere is therefore, an occupational surname, which belongs to the category of hereditary surnames. Occupational surnames were derived from the primary activity of the bearer. In the Middle Ages, people did not generally live off of the fruits of their labor in a particular job. Rather, they performed a specialized task, as well as farming, for subsistence. Other occupational names were derived from an object associated with a particular activity.
Early Origins of the lafferriere family
Forfarshire part of the Tayside region of North Eastern Scotland, and present day Council Area of Angus, where they held a family seat from early times.
Early History of the lafferriere family
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our lafferriere research.
Another 301 words (22 lines of text) covering the years 1301 and 1st are included under the topic Early lafferriere History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
lafferriere Spelling Variations
Prior to the first dictionaries, scribes spelled words according to sound. This, and the fact that Scottish names were repeatedly translated from Gaelic to English and back, contributed to the enormous number of spelling variations in Scottish names. lafferriere has been spelled Ferrier, Ferriers, Ferrair, Ferryar, Feriar, Ferier and many more.
Early Notables of the lafferriere family (pre 1700)
More information is included under the topic Early lafferriere Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Migration of the lafferriere family to the New World and Oceana
In such difficult times, the difficulties of raising the money to cross the Atlantic to North America did not seem so large compared to the problems of keeping a family together in Scotland. It was a journey well worth the cost, since it was rewarded with land and freedom the Scots could not find at home. The American War of Independence solidified that freedom, and many of those settlers went on to play important parts in the forging of a great nation. Among them: Roger Ferrier who settled in Virginia in the year 1700; Charles Ferrier settled in Maryland in 1774; Arthur, Henry James, and Lewis Ferrier all arrived in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania between 1799 and 1866..
The lafferriere Motto
The motto was originally a war cry or slogan. Mottoes first began to be shown with arms in the 14th and 15th centuries, but were not in general use until the 17th century. Thus the oldest coats of arms generally do not include a motto. Mottoes seldom form part of the grant of arms: Under most heraldic authorities, a motto is an optional component of the coat of arms, and can be added to or changed at will; many families have chosen not to display a motto.
Motto: Diligentia ditat
Motto Translation: Industry renders rich.
lafferriere Family Crest Products
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text: Eclipse Community Forums - RDF feed https://www.eclipse.org/forums/ Eclipse Community Forums CVS checkout to remote project folder fails https://www.eclipse.org/forums/index.php/mv/msg/180297/571957/#msg_571957 2. I created a new empty folder "foo" on remote host via sftp browser. 3. I used right-click option to "Create Remote project" on the new empty folder "foo". This created a project called mavis_foo in my eclipse workspace 4. I changed to CVS Repository Explorer view and selected a module "tas" for checkout. The cvs server is connected via extssh. I right clicked on "tas" module and selected "Checkout as" option which opens the project wizard 5. I selected "Checkout into existing project" and clicked on next 6. I then selected "mavis_foo" project name and clicked on next/finish. It tries to checkout the tas module into remote folder but fails with the following error in popup window: ---------- Errors saving CVS synchronization information to disk. Please fix the problems listed below and then update the affected resources from the CVS repository. Could not get input stream Could not get input stream Operation failed. File system input or output error ---------- The cvs console logs show: *** cvs co -d "tas" -P -A "/mavis_foo/tas" cvs server: Updating tas U tas/VERSION failed due to an internal error (took 0:04.203) Error: The file store does not exist Error: The file store does not exist *** I am running eclipse on windows platform and remote ssh connection is to solaris host. Version details are: Eclipse SDK Version: 22.214.171.124 Build id: M20071023-1652 RSE: 2.0.2.v20071030 Has anyone tried to do this or know what is the issue here? Hemang.]]> Hemang Lavana 2008-01-12T16:38:26-00:00


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Leaving flowers at the graveside is a meaninful ritual that can help you remember your loved ones, celebrate their lives and continue to heal. Trigard Memorials offers two types of vases to complement your memorial.
Trigard Bronze Vase
Our bronze vase features unmatched detail and beautiful hand finishing. It is the perfect, modern complement to any of our memorials. You may choose from two vase rings: the highly textured pine ring and the sleek plain ring.
The ring helps secure the vase in the upright position to hold flowers as well as when the vase is inverted without flowers.
AlumaBronze Vase
Trigard's AlumaBronze vase includes the same beautiful detail as our Bronze Vase. But this special vase is made of aluminum, but finished to look like bronze. When they are side-by-side, the only way to tell the difference is to see which one is heavier.
We understand the importance of visiting the graveside in the days that immediately follow the loss of a loved one. Our AlumaBronze Vase is designed specifically for our Memorial Security temporary marker system. The temporary marker can be ready in 24 hours, ready to mark the grave until the permanent memorial is selected. The AlumaBronze vase includes a large nut and bolt to affix the temporary marker's steel plate.


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Toyota Motorsport GmbH has recently released the very first details and images with the Sports 650 Concept, ahead of its Essen Motor Show debut.
After it leaked a few weeks ago, the TMG Sports 650 Concept is ending up in our news once again, this time in an official manner, with the Japanese based automaker releasing the very first images and details with the model, ahead of its public debut scheduled for the 2012 Essen Motor Show. According to the car manufacturer, the TMG Sports 650 Concept is actually based on the pre-facelift Lexus LS and the model is coming with an aggressive body kit, highlighted by the ventilated hood, revised grille and new front bumper.
Besides the features mentioned above, the TMG Sports 650 Concept is also getting a new rear bumper with an integrated diffuser, new carbon fiber side skirts and a four-tailpipe exhaust system. Power to the TMG Sports 650 Concept is being provided by a 5.0 liter twin-turbo V8 engine, which is producing a total output of 650 HP (478 kW) and 710 Nm of torque (524 lb-ft) of torque. The unit is mated to an eight-speed automatic transmission which is allowing the sedan to sprint from 0 to 100 km/h in 4.2 seconds, before reaching a top speed of 320 km/h. Additional details on the model will be announced during the 2012 Essen Motor Show.


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Canadian government demands answers about reverse osmosis project
As Barbados' water woes continue to mount, a Canadian government official is demanding to know if Government has abandoned plans for the construction of a $40 million reverse osmosis project to improve the island's dwindling supply of potable water.
Marc Parisien, head of the commercial section at the Canadian High Commission in Bridgetown, said the plant was earmarked to be built at the Belle pumping station with loan financing from Canadian agencies.
The solution was first examined by the Barbados Water Authority (BWA) in 2008 with the objective of ensuring dilution and reduction of contaminants in local water. At a 2012 media conference, officials reported that in some areas of the island, nitrate levels were approaching the threshold of ten milligrammes per litre set by the World Health Organization (WHO).
At the time, Minister of Water Resources Management Dr David Estwick had expressed concern about the levels of contaminants that threatened the island's water supply as he announced Government's intention to construct the facility.
Taking part in yesterday's Barbados Chamber of Commerce and Industry (BCCI) business luncheon at the Lloyd Erskine Sandiford Centre, Parisien expressed disappointment that the project had not yet started. He also warned that the funding, which was being provided at a "very low" interest rate, would not be available forever.
"There is issue with climate change now; there is less rain in general, but basically we have been discussing for a long time about the Belle reverse osmosis project with Barbados and this is a $40 million project," Parisien disclosed, addiing that only about 30 per cent of the island's water was drinkable.
"But the level of pollution is rising rapidly as you are aware. Now it is still under what you call the World Health Organization standards, but if it reaches that standard . . . it means that suddenly 30 per cent of people in Barbados wouldn't have water to drink. This could be a real disaster and this could be also [a disaster] for the tourism sector, and all that," Parisien added.
"So we have put together a package to help Barbados actually to do the project. Basically, we sent a letter even to Prime Minister [Freundel] Stuart, I think to Minister Estwick also and it was approved by Parliament to our knowledge, but when it goes to the Ministry of Finance for the funding to do the project, it gets stuck.
"The issue is that we have a package together now. We work with Canadian Commercial Corporation, we work with Export Development Canada and we have a very, very low interest rate average for Barbados to do that now, but we cannot hold this package forever because otherwise they may want to go to other islands with these types of projects also," he cautioned.
Directing his question to Minister of Finance Chris Sinckler, Parisien said while he understood Government was currently struggling with its fiscal and debt challenges, he wanted to know if the project was still important for the country, "because we just feel like if it is not done, we would like to know why".
"Certainly the pollution level is too high and the people [in Canada] are asking what is the Barbados Government doing about it," he said. "So we just want to know what is the position of Government and is it still important for the Government? . . . . But we expect that this would be approved and we can start the project as soon as possible, so you don't get a surprise in six months, a year or two with this big issue in Barbados."
Sinckler opted, however, not to respond to the matter.
"Unfortunately, I am incapable of responding to that question in this forum. I actually think it is not the type of question you ought to have asked in this forum and therefore I am not going to [respond]," he said.
"I have a very perfect response to what you are saying but it is not for this occasion and therefore I am going to do, unlike our compatriots on the West Indies team, I am going to let that ball pass outside the off stump and go to the wicket keeper," he stressed.
11 Responses to Stalled!
Lol and the minister refuses to answer a direct question. Such a critical issue. A bunch of idiots running this country right into the ground. Not another vote from this once supporter.
If we do the project and take your loan for 40 million dollars, would S&P and Moody and the likes effect the loan by raising the interest every time they do their foolishness ?
Can you wait for at least 7 years before you get your first payment for the loan with out any interest added ?
If yes then I say that project can start tomorrow but if no then what do you expect a country with external financial issues to do ?
You all really got Barbados as a cash cow, despite knowing our woes, you still want the country to go into more debt to prove that we really stupid over here right?
The Mof was in his rights to not answer you there but I am sure that if you did ask other folks here outside of a national meeting, that you would have been privileged to some bajan explicits .
Project conceptualized in 2008 and estimated at 40mil, since then they built a new building and refused to repair the mains, they could have build the reverse osmosis plant, although I wouldnt be drinking any of that water and secured a loan one time for mains upgrades.
Brien King, we know gov cash strapped but since you so smart, explain to us why they spent $ they didnt have on a new headquarters when their water distribution architecture rotted away?
Why ar Canadians interfering with our internal affairs. Are we a Canadian colony? The Foreign Minister should invite the high commissioner in for a good talking to.
These people disrespect us – of all people Canadians.
Hal, for an intelligent person, you surprised me with your comment.
Would you prefer to deal in monkey business where kickbacks are the order of the day.
The only reason why this $40 million project is not off the ground is because the leaches cannot figure out how deal with CCC and EDC and still get the cutbacks which is the norm in Barbados.
You offer to help a developing country maintain the safety of its water and that is interfering in its internal affairs.
Wow. We must be the most intelligent people on earth.
Day after day the people of our Barbados is seeing the display of the ignorance and the non functioning behaviour from our non productive government…What our clowns fail to understand we are open to the world everything ,which happens or said goes global. In certain governments around the world politicians like our lot would have been sacked..
Everything is a failure the politicians didn't like this (Canadian ) gentleman asking question that bajans frighten to ask of the politicians , thats why they are upset because nobody should ask the politicians any question as they do what they like…
Our country can recover and do a lot better, but we must rid the country of this lot of (wan,,,,s ) our politicians are the ones who is preventing our island from moving forward and prospering. They are destroying our island what ever they touch is failure its time we stop paying them.
See how they behave the biscuit , rum and cornered beef mentality still running through they veins.
My take its going to take a bunch of white people to save our island from disaster…. but they did before way back in (1650,s)….
F.G.I. (for general information): The Canadian Government, and though its executing arm, C.I.D.A., has over the last 40-50 years, funded the building of components of our infrastructure , both here and in the wider Caribbean. Just check out the numerous schools, airports, fishing -markets etc, which C.I.D.A. has created. There should be no rocks thrown at such fine folks…unless you have just recently arrived from Mars.
Yes, they do not like to be involved in "funny-business", which so often accompanies large building contracts. So one might see the main contract go to a Canadain contractor of proven capacity to deliver on-time, and within budget, and good local sub-contractors also getting a bite at the cherry. Bottom line: we taxpayers get value for loans/grants received.
Rather than the rubbish here associated with pure ignorance,
knowledgeable commenters should support the need for our own "Relevant Authorities", to answer the question raised by the diplomat. Whenever I am in Canada, and turn on a tap, water comes out; ditto throwing a light-switch, or turning on central heating.
Canada works, plain and simple; they are trusted and consistent friends.
A very important matter I should say regarding the Barbados water quality and national health. We are in the process of producing more produce and farming; this requirement introduces a rise in nitrate leaching into our aquifers. The B W A has a responsibility to daily monitor our potable water and record bio-hazards and heavy metals if existent. Location of these reports will give analysis as to types of fertilizers and concentration of formulas being used on our agricultural lands. Farmers must invest in mulching machines and propagate this process which keeps the natural minerals of the soils from being leached by solar penetration!
The Canadian Govt has done a lot for Barbados over the years and usually without much fanfare … E.W. Barrow kept a very close relation with them but as someone said today on Brass Tacks (and a confessed DLP supporter at that) the party is no longer anything like what it was or represented years ago.
Is just goes to show how arrogant some have become if all they can complain about or be concerned is the loan, the interest based on S&P/Moody 'foolishness' – when it was reported that this project "we (Canadians) have a very, very low interest rate average for Barbados to do that now" and MORE important NONE of the Govt defenders here had anything to say about the potential health issues regarding the "nitrate levels were approaching the threshold of ten milligrammes per litre set by the World Health Organization (WHO)", not to mention all the money spent on the new HQ and what is happening in the country parishes or not happening with regard water supply. Wunna should hang your heads in shame along with the MoF as you seem to be more concerned about the Govt than the people. The MoF was obviously embarrassed and put on the spot – if he can't take the heat then get out the kitchen.
Dumbfounded and ashamed of a Minister of our Government's answer, or non-answer to be accurate, at a meeting of our business chamber. Why was the MoF unwilling (hopefully not unable) to answer the question? The concern as to why a long-approved project that is clearly needed as our water contamination level for nitrates approach the unacceptable, toxic world standard seems a valid reason to ask these questions. Why has this vital-to-our-population's-health project not been started by this administration despite favorable loan interest rate and other conditions and despite it being approved by our Cabinet years ago? Is there some hidden reason that is obstructing the realization of this project that we should be apprised of?


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The Saratoga Performing Arts Center reports that it raised more than $150,000 — a 56 percent increase over last year — from its annual Saratoga Food and Wine Festival. The three-day event included wine-pairing dinners at Saratoga-area restaurants, a gala dinner on the SPAC stage and, on Saturday afternoon, a wine tasting on the SPAC grounds that attracted 1,544 people, or a full third more than in 2006.
Some of the proceeds came from the auctioning of items from the singer Madonna, whose winemaking father, Silvio Ciccone, introduced his Madonna Collector's Series wines (right) at the festival. Six magnums of Ciccone's wine, with labels featuring photos of Madonna with her children and signed by her, went for $600 apiece at auction (retail value: $56), and jackets worn by Madonna brought in $2,000 (a Chanel number) and $1,300 (a more casual one). Income from the jacket sales will be divided between SPAC and Madonna's Raising Malawi charity.
During a converation Saturday evening at a reception at the hotel 74 State in Albany, Ciccone (right) told me he was delighted to be part of the festival and compared it favorably with his home region, in Suttons Bay, Mich., about 15 miles north of Traverse City (basically, at the tip of the ring finger of the mitten that is Michigan).
It's not that Michigan wines have a bad reputation, said Ciccone, who has 40 acres of grapes and has produced wine commercially since 1995; the problem, he said, is that outside of their region, they have no reputation at all. Ciccone analogized Michigan's wine industry, now with 37 wineries, to New York's in the 1960s and '70s: conventional wisdom holds that the climate isn't hospitable for the great European vinifera varietals, and assumes any wines made from them in colder climates couldn't be any good.
"They're wrong. We make world-class Rieslings and gewurztraminers, and other grapes grow just fine, too," said Ciccone. Calling his area of Michigan the "cherry capital of the world" — Traverse City hosts the National Cherry Festival every July — Ciccone said, "If we can grow apples and cherries, we can grow grapes."
SPAC, naturally, was thrilled by the festival's results.
"We are thrilled" — see? — "at the success of this year's Wine & Food Festival and gratified that the visibility of this wonderful event continues to grow throughout the industry and among wine and food enthusiasts. With three distinctly unique events over three days, the weekend was a festive toast to our recently concluded 'Celebration Season' and an extravaganza of fine wine, exquisite food and great fun," said SPAC's president and executive director, Marcia White. (Pronounced, if you're the City Ballet's announcer, Mahhhr-seee-ahhh Hwyyyte.)


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Shunyata Research
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New Member
Join Date: Sep 2008
Location: PA
Posts: 4
Re: Shunyata Research
Bringing this post back from the dead to provide some info on my experience with this brand.
I recently purchased a Hydra 6 from Shunyata and have been very happy with the improvements it has made in my system. The Hydra 6 is only servicing my front end components as I believe it's not really meant to handle high current amplifiers being hooked up to it. Along with the Hydra 6 I am also using a Shunyata Python Helix power cable, a dedicated 20amp circuit with 10 gauge wiring and an AV Grade PS Audio receptacle. Also to note, these upgrades were introduced into the system independent of each other. The dedicated 20amp circuit, wiring and receptacle came after the Hydra 6/Python combo.
The Hydra 6/Python combo has successfully revealed new details in every song that I have played thru my system so far; even before the dedicated line came into play. I never thought that the sound of silence would be so noticeable but when the music passages become quite I can hear finite details that were certainly missing/masked before.
The benefits of introducing a dedicated circuit into your system are well documented and in my case this upgrade has done wonders in firming up bass response and adding more volume to the system on musical transients. During a very unscientific test I noticed that having the volume control set to the same position on my preamp as it was before the dedicated line now seems to produce a higher SPL in the listening room after the upgrade. I guess those results aren't too much of a shocker considering the fact that I now have a 10gauge wire going from the power panel in the basement all the way to the Hydra 6. This is possible thanks to the Python Helix cord also using a 10gague internal wire.
Based on my experience with the Shunyata products I would highly recommend them to anyone who is looking to extract those last few musical details that were there all along but are going unnoticed in their system.
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text: Module Name: src Committed By: he Date: Tue Aug 9 22:16:19 UTC 2005 Modified Files: src/share/mk: bsd.sys.mk Log Message: Disable the C++ warning -Wold-style-cast for sh3 as well, because that CPU's headers' va_start() uses a cast. Discussed with christos. To generate a diff of this commit: cvs rdiff -r1.122 -r1.123 src/share/mk/bsd.sys.mk Please note that diffs are not public domain; they are subject to the copyright notices on the relevant files.


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A Sobriety Date represents the awesome accomplishment of one-day-at-a-time living
without alcohol or drugs (nicotine counts) for one year. This page will fiercely protect the anonymity of all participants who choose to share Sobriety Anniversary Dates.
We have surpassed our first-year goal … to exceed in total sobriety time the 25 years my sister, Laura, struggled unsuccessfully with alcohol and drugs. We will update the
number of participants and Sobriety Dates monthly. This page affirms a special sober community and the collective accomplishment these
remarkable individuals are achieving on a daily basis throughout the world! Our 2018 goal is to surpass 20,000 collective sober years. Our new long-term goal is to
document and affirm 25,000 sober years by 2025. You now number more than 1000, and 10% of all Sobriety Dates are offered on the actual day. Your response has been overwhelming.
Thank you for your participation, and … Congratulations!
Anniversary #1
March 9, 1993
24 years


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Elimax anti-lice shampoo and slow 100ml
Elimax anti-lice shampoo and slow, as recommended in prevention. Elimax protects hair against re-infestation by lice, for example, when the school reports an invasion or siblings have lice.
The advice of your pharmacist
Partners with: Lavender essential oil BIO true or fine PRANAROM 10ml, ESSENTIAL OIL Lavender Lavandula officinalis true 10 ml PRANAROM, Elimax anti-lice lotion slow Prevention & Treatment 100ml, COMB ASSY 2000 ANTI-LICE & SLOW, Five Of Five Natural Anti Lice Kit
In stock
Warning: Last items in stock!
Availability date: 03/6/2013Preview the Shipping Fees - Free Shipping from 99€*
Elimax anti-lice shampoo and slow 100ml Removes lice and nits
Avoid the risk of new lice
Quick: is in just 15 minutes. No need to keep the product for a longer period in the hair or sleep with.
Without silicones: rinses easily
Without insecticide
Easy-to-use applicator for easy distribution on the hair
Washing hair: leaves hair soft and shiny
Read the leaflet carefully before treatment.
VERY EASY TO USE, THE SHAMPOO IS ALSO IDEAL preventively.
- Elimax anti-lice shampoo is also recommended to protect the hair against lice, for example, when the school reports an invasion or siblings have lice.
- WASHING HAIR, so no need to use another shampoo
Description lice shampoo Elimax
Elimax® LPF ™ contains a factor that makes hostile hair lice in three ways:
- neutralization of charge of the hair, so that lice spend less easily from one head to the other
- odor that repels lice but feels good for us
- unfavorable hair texture that lice avoid the treated area and do not lay eggs
Directions for use
How to use the Elimax® shampoo?
STEP 1: Apply and spread the dry hair shampoo
Put a towel over the shoulders and around the neck to prevent the product from being in contact with skin and clothing. Use the applicator to spread the Elimax • shampoo directly on the scalp. Ensure that all of the hair and scalp are covered. Perform a massage from root to tip with particular attention to the area that lies behind the ears and neck. Leave on for 15 minutes without covering the hair. In case of long hair, tie them on top of the head.
STEP 2: Wash hair
First, wet the hair treated by adding a small amount of water and lather by massaging. Then rinse the foam with water. The product is easy to rinse with warm water .See that the product does not come into contact with the eyes. No need to re-wash hair with regular shampoo. Then carefully comb the hair with a lice comb closely spaced teeth which will further increase the success rate of treatment. li is advisable to dry the hair using a
towel because hot air from the hair dryer is likely to increase the irritation of the scalp. Check the hair after 7 days. In most cases, a single treatment is sufficient. If lice are still present after 7 days, repeat the treatment.
The nits that may have escaped the treatment then became lice and are easier to spot.
Composition of the anti-lice shampoo Elimax
Oligodécène oil, foaming agents, LPF (sesame oil, acrylate copolymer), perfume.
Precaution of use
Do not use this product if hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients. Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes (mouth and nose) and aspiration into the lungs. For external use only. Keep out of reach of children.
100 ml bottle.
Our pharmacy expert advice
What is the LPF ™ and how does it work?
LPF ™ is the ingredient that makes Elimax® a revolution in the treatment of head lice.
LPF ™ or LICE PROTECTING FACTOR is a combination of ingredients that is added to the lotion and Elimax® shampoo for "condition" hair physically against the new lice. LPF present in Elimax® ™ greatly reduces the risk of new lice settled through a dual action (2):
LPF ™ a layer on the hair and reduces the attractiveness of hair for lice. This is achieved thanks to the innovative combination of a polymer and an oil. The hair is less statically charged, and this is essential. Indeed, the hair carries inherently attracted to the lice as they can not jump or fly, they move only through a static attraction. Hair treated with Elimax® attract fewer lice (passive avoidance).
LPF ™ conditions the hair so that the structure and smell of its surface becomes repulsive to lice. For humans, by cons, Elimax® has a pleasant smell, which also pleases children.
to. Lice avoid treated areas (passive avoidance).
b. And if he could still be present only lice in the hair, it will be less inclined to lay eggs in the treated area (inhibition of oviposition). A new invasion is avoided.
CONCLUSION: Elimax® is a new and unique way to effectively remove lice and nits and avoiding at the same time the arrival of new lice (double effect).
Look here what LPF ™ made with lice.
How long does the effect of the LPF ™?
In other words, how many days are you protected after application of the product?
Controlled studies of active outbreaks of lice infestation show that the LPF ™ provides effective protection up to 72 hours after application. (3) The duration of protection will of course depend on external factors (such as the hair type and the environment), it is therefore difficult to specify a time to exact efficiency. But the Elimax® composition is harmless - no conventional insecticides - the product can be applied regularly (if necessary).
Anti lice: Find the best brands of anti-lice products! ANTI LICE COOPER , POUXIT , PARANIX , LP PRO DUO , APAISYL , ... Lotions, sprays, shampoos, repellents
Our pharmacy doctors also recommend these products
Lavender essentia...8,89 €
ESSENTIAL OIL Lav...7,90 €
Elimax anti-lice ...13,90 €
Five Of Five Natu...15,95 €
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We have the best Camisole coupon codes, Camisole discount codes and free shipping offers for shoppers looking for a great bargain. Using our coupons is as easy as pie. Deals and offers are coupons without coupon codes and are usually just discounts or sales on products which you can simply activate by clicking the coupon and just checking out. On the other hand, coupon codes are redeemed by entering the code in the coupon box when checking out at the store. We are always looking to add more high-quality coupons to our website so you can submit coupons you have found to us or contact us to remove any coupons that may not be working.
Coupon Code: GET CODE & OPEN SITE
YogaClothingForYou: 15% Off Coupon neverr expires!


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Sam Cullman
King Corn
- type
- Movie
- Current Status
- In Season
- mpaa
- Unrated
- runtime
- 88 minutes
- Limited Release Date
- 10/12/07
- director
- Aaron Woolf
- distributor
- Balcony
- genre
- Documentary
We gave it an A-
Aaron Woolf's we-are-what-we-eat documentary King Corn is a lively introduction to the corn industrial complex. Like Michael Pollan's The Omnivore's Dilemma, it's about how corn, raised on vast corporate farms, has become the starchy DNA of American diets, whether it's fattening up cattle or processed into the high-fructose corn syrup that greases everything from soft drinks to spaghetti sauce. Woolf follows two college chums as they go to Iowa to harvest one acre of yellow ears, which they then trace through the system. You'll be amazed to learn how much corn is in your system. A-


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So today i stumbled across the data of a friend, where the price/hour seemed a bit high. I dont know how you calculate the price/hour so i began calculating it for my own account. Good thing i only have a few games and only 3 of them cost something. Here is the Calculator for my account.
So there are 3 games i paid for:
If you combine all of those you get
76€ - 513h - 0.14€/h
Now lets take all games together even the ones i didnt pay for
76€ - 1100h - 0.07€/hour
So can you explain to me why does the Calculator tell me i paid 7.60€ for 1 hour ??
I don't quite understand how the previous code was supposed to work correctly. I've shipped a fix, and I think it should calculate better now, but need to look at more profiles to be sure.
It doesnt seem like its fixed. My account seems to be right now, but i found another pretty small account that i can do the math on. (THIS ONE)
Lets check it then:
So for all the paid games it would be
29.98€ - 35h - 0.83€/h
Now for all games
29.98€ - 123.2h - 0.24€/h
But the calculator says 0.28€/h... Could you tell me how you are actually calculating the price/hour? Maybe i can help you.
It counts up all prices/hour and then divides by total amount of games. Hours are not counted if the game has no prices.
So what it ends up doing is:
1.67 / 6 = 0.278
I can't remember what was the reason to do it this way, but it probably should be diving it by games that have prices (2 in this case).
You are currently replying to another tree, would you like to make a top level comment?
In order to reply to this thread,
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Wondering how to get your baby to take longer naps?
Want to know what's causing those 20 minute power naps? (Although she isn't seeming completely rested after that short nap, so it isn't really a "power nap"!)
Do you want to know how to fix these mini naps so your baby can get the rest she needs – and you can have some time to get something done, play with your older child or just
One of the moms I worked with recently said it felt like Groundhog Day everyday because her baby's naps were predictably short and he was crabby when he woke up. (Sound familiar?)
So she would try to extend the nap – feeding, rocking, laying down in her bed with him – to get a little more sleep for him. The problem was, she did this routine ALL DAY. She had very little time to play with him – or get anything done around the house – because when he woke up, he always seemed tired, so she'd start the whole thing over again.
If you're in the same situation and know your baby needs to sleep for longer periods during the day, keep reading!
Here are 5 tips to make those short naps longer:
1. Stop rocking or feeding to sleep!
If you've got a baby who still needs you to rock or nurse to sleep, that priority #1 to fix. Why? Because if your baby wakes herself up mid-nap, she's going to want you to recreate how she originally fell asleep. Every. Single. Time. It'll be a vicious cycle of short naps and you needing to get her back to sleep.
And just for the record, you want to cut out anything your baby needs to fall asleep – the swing, driving in the car, bouncing, etc. I see feeding and rocking as the two primary culprits, which is why I mentioned those first!
The solution is to teach her strategies to fall asleep on her own, so she can self-soothe back to sleep. Need help getting your baby to fall asleep on her own? It'll only take a few days to get your baby falling asleep on her own!
2. Eliminate the 5 minute snoozes
Does your baby fall asleep for a few minutes in the car coming home from errands – right before naptime? Or getting super drowsy while feeding – right before naptime?
These little snoozes will make it harder for you baby to fall asleep AND stay asleep.
Need help with this? I wrote a blog post: How to Keep Your Baby Awake in the Car.
3. Make sure your baby isn't overtired
When babies are overtired, they will typically fall asleep quickly – because they're so exhausted! – but wake up shortly after. That's why a late bedtime and getting overtired is typically associated with night wakings and early wakeups. But it holds true for naps as well.
Make sure you're watching for tired signs and getting her into the crib for the nap before that overtiredness starts!
4. Be consistent
Babies will learn pretty quickly when you're teaching them something new – like falling asleep independently – but you have to be consistent so they know what's expected of them. So the schedule and timing, routine, and how your baby is falling asleep are all important to do the same way for each nap. Having a predictable nap routine will help your baby learn that sleep is expected soon!
5. Set up the nursery to promote sleep
Is the room dark enough? Many "blackout shades" don't address the perimeter light around the shades. Make sure it's pitch black, even for naps.
Is the room too hot? The best temperature for sleeping is 68-70°. And take a look at what your baby is wearing to sleep and the season.
Is the neighbor's dog quite vocal in the mid afternoon when the UPS guy is delivering packages on your street? Consider using a white noise machine to block out the outside noise.
Did you find this post helpful? Please SHARE!
Photo credit: Deposit Photos | tankist276


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Bill Lucchini (our general manager) posted on the Intuit Partner Platform blog about 10 great things that he heard at the 'Startups and the Cloud' event we hosted last week.
News & Events | Tagged cloud computing, PaaS, Platform-as-a-service
At the end of the event (or at least the part before the cocktails) I gave a closing where I recapped ten great things I heard. Several people came up to me afterward to request that I publish the list… so, here it is…(in the order I heard them during the day):
- Vishy Venugopalan from Longworth Ventures set a great baseline for the day with this overview of cloud computing.
- Scott Cook shared some great stories about the early days of Intuit from failed ads and trouble meeting payroll to the breakthrough insights that helped Quicken take off…


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Now that CMOS sensors are incredibly common, even on ultra-compact cameras, many digital cameras can quickly capture multiple frames to produce a single image which cannot be captured in a single shot. Even if the camera cannot do it, software exists to combine multiple images together in different ways.
An exposure is what happens in the camera from the time the shutter opens to the time it closes. Most images are produced from a single exposure which takes a slice of time and dynamic-range and captures it. By taking multiple exposures and combining them, one can produce an image which shows more than what an exposure can capture.
Multiple images can be combined in a number of ways:
- Panorama Stitching – This produces an image with a wider field-of-view than any individual image can, up to 360-degrees actually.
- Exposure Fusion – This averages out pixels from different exposures to produce directly a low-dynamic-range image, so there is not need to do the tone-mapping like for HDR images. Tone-mapping is the delicate operation where, without a subtle hand, you end up with the types of images you are talking about.
- HDR Blending – This takes images from multiple exposures to produce an image which stores more dynamic-range than what the camera can normally capture. These images are often used in 3D rendering to make simulated reflections more realistic.
- Focus Stacking – Takes images focused at different distances to produce and image with an impossibly deep depth-of-field. Often this is used for macro photography to show entire subjects in focus.
- Image Stacking – This is one most often used with astrophotography. This creates a long exposure by adding up short ones. You would need to take 525 consecutive exposures and the Image Stacking software will blend them into one.
- Multi-Frame Noise-Reduction – Averages a number of images to produce one which is less noisy. This can also be used for astrophotography to reduce the noise in long low-light exposures.
- Multiple-Exposure – Overlays multiple images to artistic effects. This is what layer-blending in Adobe Photoshop essentially does. It shows images as if they were super-imposed.
Note that you can combine techniques which requires even more images. For example, to produce an image which captures a wide dynamic-range and infinitely deep depth-of-field, one may use 5 shot brackets at each focus distance. With 5 such distances, one would need 5 x 5 = 25 shots.
Some artists take this to the extreme by using different combinations of multi-exposure techniques for foreground, middle-ground and background elements and then blending the results together which is yet another similar technique. Images combined from hundres of exposures have been produced!


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When it comes to Christmas decorations, nothing says last year more than red bows and glass ornaments.
This year only decorations with a bird motif will do for the well-dressed Christmas tree, if the Holiday Home Tour in Portland's West End on Saturday is anything to go on.
The tour, which featured five West End Victorian-era homes decked out for Christmas, was organized to show off the skills of interior designers and chefs and to raise money for Gary's House, a Federal-style West End home that provides low-cost housing for relatives and friends of hospital patients. The owners of the homes donated their living quarters, which were decorated for Christmas by interior designers, while chefs offered cookies, cakes and other holiday treats. Birds, birds' nests and feathery things were a common theme.
While most of the homeowners stayed away during the tour, Dan Kennedy, owner of Minott's Flowers, Harmon's & Barton's and Sawyer & Co. flower shops in Portland, said he was happy to talk to the lines of people entering his 130-year-old Pine Street home, which he had decorated with garlands and two soaring trees. One tree was covered in peacock feathers and the other in pheasant feathers.
"It is a bit over the top, but we figured it would be what people coming in would want to see," said Kennedy, who owns the home with his partner, John Hatcher.
The home, built in 1876, was the summer residence of Howard Soule, a Boston flour merchant.
Hatcher said opening the home to a holiday tour wasn't a big deal since he and Kennedy open their doors to 500 to 600 every Halloween when they turn the carriage house into a haunted house.
The bird theme cropped up at some of the other houses on the tour. Interior designer Kim Corwin created a dining table centerpiece that featured a flock of papier-mache birds complete with birdseed candlestick holders. A snowy owl peeped out from the branches of a tree created by Lisa Hincher, also an interior designer.
Attendees said the tour, which cost $30 per person, gave them ideas for their own living spaces.
"I have been doing the same (old) thing for 20 years," said Kristy Esposito of Falmouth of her holiday decorating efforts.
Patricia Neja of South Portland attended the tour, her first, with a friend.
"We are interested in decorating, looking for new ideas and I love the West End," Neja said.
Karen Hruska said the tour was worth the drive up from her home in Ipswich, Mass.
"They are a little more creative than I am," Hruska said.
The tour was one of a series of three, with the Portland Kitchen Tour last spring and an upcoming tour in Scarborough, organized by event planners Lana Wescott and Marcy Boynton.
Beth Quimby can be contacted at 791-6363 or at:


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Meet sweet baby Luke.
It's really such fun watching friends of ours become parents. Their lives change dramatically but the happiness and love beaming from their
hearts is infectious. And a complete blessing to photograph.
So excited for this beautiful family and their new bundle of joy. xoxo
"Whatever is good and perfect comes down to us from God our Father,
who created all the lights in the heavens. He never changes or casts a shifting shadow."
James 1:17


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The Technical Development of the Modern Motorcycle
When I was a young I learned that when engines older than myself were disassembled, you could expect to find a wear ridge at the top of each cylinder. This ridge was several tenths of a millimeters high – often enough to prevent the piston and rod from being pushed out the top of the cylinder. It was then necessary to use a ridge reamer – a kind of crude manual boring device – to cut down the ridge enough to allow the piston rings to pop over it as the piston was pushed up.
Today, this ridge is greatly reduced. Why? Today, wear is slowed dramatically by the presence of anti-wear additives. In the late 50s this took the form of tricresyl phosphate, but today it is 'zinc' – a mouth-filler abbreviated to 'ZDDP'. Such additives form a metallic phosphide on the ring and/or cylinder surfaces. This low-friction layer sacrificially protects the metal beneath fro contact wear, and it re-formed from additive in the oil if scraped away.
The reason the ridge was there at the top of a worn cylinder was that as the piston ring nears TDC, it slows to a stop, then re-accelerates, offering an opportunity for the oil film beneath it to be squeezed out – especially when high temperature drastically reduced oil viscosity. Without the presence of additives, lubrication would then break down, allowing metal-to-metal contact, local welding, and the plucking of wear particles from both surfaces.
Another contributor to reduced wear has been the use of materials of differing hardness. Increasingly, cylinder surfaces are hard coatings deposited directly on light aluminum, replacing the traditional iron cylinder liner. When iron is still used as a cylinder material, the wear faces of rings may be rendered hard by chromium plating or by molybdenum filling. This process began during WWII, when traditional cast iron piston rings wore at a frightening rate in aircraft engines. The reason? High temperatures thinned lubricant films, permitting metal-to-metal contact. The practice of hard chrome-plating at least top piston rings thereafter became widespread.
Ball and roller bearings were widely adopted, first, to make possible the 'safety bicycle' of the 1890s, and automatic machines for their manufacture were soon developed. Yet even with improved bearing steels of the later 20s, one commentator remarked that: 'such were the defect levels in these materials that the failure of ball bearings began in the first seconds of their use.' Stress in such bearings concentrates just below their contact surfaces, and increases as the radius of ball or roller decreases. It was for this reason that quite large rollers were originally used in connecting-rod-big-end bearings.
The big improvement came when, in the late 50s, special steels began to be re-melted in vacuum, allowing impurities to boil out. Such extremely clean steels improved the life of rolling bearings.
Heavy con-rd roller-and-cage assemblies limited maximum rpm, for as the rod swings forward and back, its swing alternately adds to and subtracts from big-end bearing instantaneous rpm. At some high rpm the result was combined rolling and skidding of the rollers – a recipe for overheating, lubricant boiling, and seizure. Rollers shrank in diameter, and higher manufacturing precision made it possible in the late 60s to use a single row of wide but slender rollers in place of the traditional multiple rows of narrow, large-diameter ones.
In similar fashion, every part on your motorcycle has a long history of evolutionary change – even lowly bolts and studs. In early days, fasteners broke constantly, driving research into how to cheaply produce strong steels of high fatigue strength. And it came to pass. Lighter, higher-performing machines stress their parts harder, so there can be no end to this evolutionary developing process.