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21 February 2018 at 12:50 pm
Selling on Delcampe: EH series (72 pcs.), CPH series (23 pcs.)...
21 February 2018 at 12:13 pm
21 February 2018 at 11:54 am
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25 November 2017 at 7:29 pm
'Wanted for Incitement to Murder' - the Churchill leaflet
3 November 2017 at 3:44 pm
23 September 2017 at 6:27 pm
2 September 2017 at 6:59 am
A draft extract from The Black Art - British Clandestine Psychological Warfare against the Third Reich by Lee Richards.
...For both PWE [Political Warfare Executive] and SOE [Special Operations Executive] the promotion of malingering and desertion were major goals of their subversive propaganda campaign against the enemy. Thornley [Head of SOE German Section] stated:
It has always been the firm conviction of this Section that the main "self-interest" lines on which German troops can be subverted are:
(1) Detailed instructions on malingering (to enable them to evade front line service);
(2) Black incentives and aids to desertion to help them over the various neutral frontiers;
(3) Accurate information (in black form) on the bombing of German towns and the activities of vast quantities of foreign workers inside Germany. 1
Malingering, shirking, feigning illness could be a very tempting way of encouraging a soldier to get himself off active duty or a worker out of the munitions factory. Delmer [Denis Sefton Delmer - Head of PWE Black Propaganda Section] wanted to appeal to the "inner Schweinhund" of the German mind. He wanted him to act in a way that would make his own life more comfortable, a little easier, and less dangerous but in a way that a soldier could consider morally acceptable. If he did not have the opportunity to desert, or would not undertake something so dishonourable, he might think differently about arranging for a few days, or even weeks, in a warm, peaceful hospital bed far behind the frontline. A worker on long, tiring, and dangerous night-shifts in an explosives factory might also welcome a few sick days. To encourage absenteeism and to give potential shirkers the means of putting it into practice, Delmer produced ingenious manuals with step-by-step instructions to fake a wide range of illnesses and ailments from a simple throat infection to a life-threatening disease such as Tuberculosis.
These manuals were produced in a wide range of disguises and forms. The first edition, (H.270), Sportvorschrift für die Kriegsmarine initially appeared to be a German navy manual of sports hints. The first few pages contained legitimate sports text but then the manual diverted into its more seditious content. Five thousand copies were sent to the Free French for distribution in December 1942 and were soon scattered across most of Europe. The German High Command was not amused by Britain's latest propaganda innovation. Wehrmacht officers were warned about this "devilish" sports manual circulating around the Reich:
In several ways the enemy tries to induce a soldier to simulate ailments... Naturally the enemy knows that decent soldiers do not respond to such smart and mean invitations; he is only concerned with the scallywags who are to be found everywhere. None the less, it is a good thing for Section Officers to keep a careful look out for this sort of poison... 2
A second version followed in January 1943 with the printing on fine, thin Bible paper of 10,000 copies of a small booklet purporting to be a ballistics manual published by the German firm of Actien-Gesellschaft of Nürnberg, (H.312). Then came a mock French-German phrase book titled 1,000 Words of French with 72 pages of malingering tips, (H.363). Various other booklets with camouflaged covers were produced throughout the war including soldiers' Catholic Hymn books, (H.547 and H.691); facsimiles of Winterhilfswerk charity songbooks, (H.436 and H.437); a military manual on Troop Hygiene, (H.1298); a Grieben guidebook to the city of Oslo, (H.690), and a Norwegian medical booklet on the prevention of Venereal Disease, (H.1105). SOE's agents were hugely impressed with another edition in the form of a Yearbook for German Soldiers in the North, (H.766). Thornley told Delmer, "They consider it an excellent Multum in parvo and are going to split their guts to get it around." Malingering texts for Italian troops were prepared as well. Due to temporary supply difficulties from London, SOE Switzerland also printed locally their own version titled, Wie erhalte ich mich gesund? Wegweiser für Junge und Alte ("How do I Keep Healthy? A Guide for Young and Old").
The production of the Efka cigarette paper malingering packet, (H.381), was one of the most awkward and time consuming jobs for Howe [Ellic Howe - PWE Forger and Printer] but particularly appealed to Delmer being a non-smoker. These tiny colourful Efka-"Pyramiden" packets, illustrated with camels standing in front of the Egyptian pyramids, should have contained fifty sheets of cigarette paper for the German soldier who preferred to smoke a "roll-up". Instead the packs contained ten sheets of tightly hand-folded Bible paper reproducing the complete malingering text. Delmer originally had the idea in December 1942 of using cigarette packets and cigarette paper packs as camouflage for propaganda and asked SOE to procure examples for Howe to duplicate. By mid March 1943 he had produced 5,000 copies of the Efka pack. These were a perfect item for covert dissemination. Being so small an agent could transport them easily and drop them into the coat pocket of a German soldier or leave on a restaurant table or the seat of a train or tram. In May and June the Admiralty launched aerial bombing attacks on the U-boat pens in the Northern French ports of Brest, La Pallice, Lorient, and St. Nazaire. As part of Operation Bracknell, they wanted subversive propaganda to be dropped on the ports as well to damage U-boat crew's morale and thought the cigarette paper pack malingerer was the perfect item. 3
Another disguise concealed the malingering sheets in a Reichslotterie envelope which should have contained State Lottery tickets, (H.542). The front of the envelope boasted the chance of winning 1,000,000 Reichsmarks but potentially something a great deal more valuable was found within.
One of the most widely distributed booklets was titled Krankheit rettet by Dr. med. Wohltat. This translates to Illness Saves by Do Good and was first produced in this form in May 1943, (H.391). Expanded versions followed, (H.457, H.509, and H.640), and was not only distributed by SOE agents but more extensively by balloon. An enterprising agent in the Middle East came up with a novel method of circulating them. Using a middleman he sold copies of Illness Saves to unwilling Axis conscripts with the story that the booklet had actually been produced for the benefit of cowardly Nazi Party members wanting to evade their military duty. Socialists had stolen and smuggled a quantity of the booklets out of Germany, as they did not see why Nazi Party members should be the only ones to enjoy the advantages of this knowledge. 4 As copies spread across Europe the German authorities became worried about its effect on morale. The Kriegsmarine had this to say to their troops about it:
The enemy is staking his hopes here on man's baser self, on that moment when, finding himself in a difficult situation, his power of moral resistance has been sapped and he may threaten to weaken... This is the enemy's chance. He does not say: 'Desert, then you will be out of all this', but concentrates on those who, lacking in courage or resolution, do not actually become deserters, but only seek to shun their present duties by simulating illness...
Delmer could not have explained his intentions any better. But, the German navy, to scare their servicemen from actually making use of the information, added:
What the enemy does not say and what the victims do not realise is that, quite contrary to the philanthropic pretence, the suggested methods may often produce fatal results. 5
Delmer also had a second objective, regardless of whether potential "skivers" actually carried out the instructions and tried to simulate illness, the German High Command would become suspicious of their own troops and workforce, accusing truly sick people of malingering and therefore increasing friction between the authorities and the people. To some extent this must have happened as military physicians were warned about the contents of the booklets and to be on watch for prospective shirkers. It is possible, as Delmer hoped, that genuinely ill men were sent back to the front certainly resulting in another soldier disenchanted with the Nazi regime; even better if the soldier was returned to active duty with a contagious disease to spread amongst his comrades.
Encouraged by the evident success of the malingering campaign, Thornley thought of a new twist to take the operation a step further. Why not produce a "neat little malingerers' kit" he suggested to Delmer, containing some of the important items needed to fake illness, a tiny gelatine capsule of turpentine, a little picric acid, a few squares of dried foxglove leaves or anything else suitable. With suitable instructions, all could be concealed in what appeared to be a bag of sweets, he recommended. 6
The malingering text was written by PWE's Canadian resident psychopathologist Dr. John T. MacCurdy. According to Howe, a German refugee, René Halkett, also contributed and even tried out some of the potions and procedures on fellow members of Delmer's staff - fortunately without killing them. 7 The final malingering booklet began with an introduction warning the reader of the dangers of Kriegsermüdung (war strain). As a result of total war, the cumulative effect on the body over a number of years of insufficient nourishment, lack of vitamins, physical overexertion, little rest or relaxation, and nervous tension can result in a condition called war-strain, Dr. Wohltat alleged. Due to all these pressures caused by the war, the body can no longer cope, he warned, resulting in a complete breakdown. Unfortunately doctors as well are under physical and political pressure and many fail to notice, or deliberately ignore, the early signs of war-strain in a patient. Consequently it was up to the individual to act in his own self-interest to find a way to get enough rest and to get away from the stress of war before it is too late. "The Saving Illness" is suggested as the way to prevent a total collapse
Sufferers from "war-strain" who are tired, run-down, overworked, who complain about continuous headaches, indigestion, loss of sleep and nerves, are often saved from total breakdown if at the right moment a "proper disease" forces them to relax.
In the same way a small accident, which forces an industrial worker to rest for awhile, will often prevent that person from later becoming the victim of a dangerous accident as the result of over-tiredness.
With this booklet you can find a way of safely simulating an illness and guaranteeing you being put on the sick-list, Dr. Wohltat assures. He continues by persuading the prospective malingerer not to worry about being caught out by a doctor's examination, as long as you follow his medical advice you will be safe. The right attitude is essential when consulting the doctor, "which gives the doctor the impression: Here is a willing worker or good soldier who has the misfortune to be ill very much against his will." Points to follow are: you must not tell the doctor too much; you must clearly show that you have no wish to be ill, and you must make it easy for the doctor to believe there is something wrong with you. The "patient" is encouraged to select an illness from the subsequent chapters, following the procedures described to the letter and not to make up any erroneous symptoms, else you are asking to be caught out. Generally the patient is not told the name of the illness he has selected. A doctor would become suspicious if the patient suggested that "such-and-such" might be their problem thereby revealing intimate knowledge of the medical profession.
Chapter I - "Help for All" gave advice on a range of diseases useful for escaping any type of factory work or military service. How to fake a severe back pain was the first debilitating health problem illustrated. The prospective patient is advised to place a small walnut or large hazelnut against the large muscles to the left and right side of his spinal column. The nut is held in place by the waistband of his trousers. He then practices movements remembering how the nut causes pain by its pressure on his back. He must learn how to move by not using his back muscles so preventing the discomfort, as he would do if in reality suffering from a severe back problem. Once he has learnt this technique without the nut in place he is ready to visit the doctor to complain of terrible sharp pains in the back. He should be guaranteed a few days sick leave, possibly even weeks and whenever resuming heavy work in the future the back problem can recur. "Beware", the advice continues, "Don't be caught off guard. It might be that the doctor tries to trick you into an involuntary movement, by letting something fall to the floor, perhaps, whereupon, as a well-mannered person, you would stoop to pick it up. Never forget that you can only bend over with the greatest difficulty and straighten up again with even more effort."
The next ailment describes how to produce short-lived partial paralysis by the repeated strapping of a piece of rubber to certain nerves in the arms or legs. It is cast-iron way to make you "hors de combat". But do not worry, no lasting damage will be done, or so you are led to believe.
For people over forty years of age a pain in the chest is an excellent illness to falsify, the text recommends. Precise instructions to explain this problem to a doctor are given, whenever you over-exert yourself you get a dreadful pain in the central part of your breastbone - the exact place is identified in a diagram. This pain is so bad you feel as if you are dying and are totally disabled by it, it becomes impossible to do any physical activity. To guard against exposing your lie, a cautionary note says:
You cannot be found out unless you forget that you cannot exert yourself.
A fellow worker in Brunswick used this complaint with great success. He was dismissed as totally unfit for work and went back to enjoy life (As far as life can be enjoyed nowadays!). Then suddenly, in September, there was an air raid and the man got such a fright that he rushed about 200 metres down the street to get to the nearest shelter. Of course some dirty dog was watching and reported him.
So do not attempt the "pain in the chest" unless you are quite sure you have enough strength of will to stay the course.
The next sickness advised is more serious and could result in hospitalisation followed by surgery. Do not worry; a short, painless operation under anaesthetic is much more desirable than being in the firing-line, the patient is consoled. Outlined are the exact things you need to tell your doctor for him to believe you have severe digestive trouble. This procedure also requires the patient to swallow dried blood when the physician puts him on a meat-free diet. Obtaining it is not a problem, he is told, as you can prepare dry blood drawn from a small self-inflicted wound.
If you are a little squeamish but have some acting ability an alternative medical problem is described. With a little practice it is easy to pretend to be suffering from absent-mindedness and is ideal for a factory worker who has to give his undivided attention to a machine. This is simple to achieve, you are told:
In the strictest privacy, practice the following symptom: for one second you should suddenly become "absent minded".
You simply do not know what happens in this short moment. If, for example, you are holding a glass in your hand, or any other object, you let it fall and cannot yourself explain how and why it happened, the thing simply fell out of your hand for no reason at all. Funny wasn't it?
... Or: You want to light a cigarette, and instead you just let the match fall - not because you were holding it clumsily, but because you suddenly were "not there".
Other than these short periods of blackout the patient is perfectly normal but should lead to him being permanently unfit for work or active duty.
A disease that fits nicely into Delmer's plague campaign is now examined. Tuberculosis is so widespread across Germany, the text begins, you will only be listed as temporarily unfit for work but will get a long holiday plus extra rations. To fool a doctor into believing you have it, the first sign is a genuine cough which brings up a lot of mucous. To do this is simple, mix paper with your tobacco and smoke it, alternatively roll your cigarettes with regular paper. After sometime you will develop a nice cough, it is claimed. If you work in a munitions factory it may be possible to obtain a little dinitrophenol. A tiny amount of this chemical, used in explosives manufacture, taken orally every day will cause weight loss and a high temperature.
Now visit the doctor, tell him you had the flu some months ago but the cough has persisted since then. Recently it has got worst and you notice blood in the mucous that you bring up in the mornings. The doctor will want to analyse a sample of the mucous. To persuade him you have the disease it must contain a little blood and the tuberculosis bacilli. Providing the blood is easy by making a small cut on your finger then sucking and mixing it with the mucous. Supplying the tuberculosis bacilli, actually substitute bacilli, is not for the weak-stomached. The patient should not wash for a few days, allowing for a cheese-like deposit to form under his foreskin, a small amount must be combined with the mucous in the mouth. This substance to an over-worked doctor can easily be mistaken for tuberculosis bacteria under a microscope. Following these instructions will soon lead to your hospitalisation with very good rations, is the promise.
Alternatively an infectious inflammation of the throat is another illness worth faking, particularly if a group of soldiers or workers want to appear ill. All patients must still have their tonsils, as the procedure requires administering silver nitrate directly onto them. After applying the silver nitrate onto the tonsils, gargle with mustard or ginger dissolved in water. Half an hour before visiting the doctor, the patient must swallow a small quantity of gunpowder or other explosive material. This really will make you ill, the instructions warn. Following this technique should result in a week in hospital and can be extended by the occasional gargling with mustard.
Chapter I ends with advice on contracting violent diarrhoea. The introduction begins:
Various kinds of severe, often bloody diarrhoea (dysentery) are now so prevalent in Germany, indeed all over Europe, that it would be sure not to attract attention if you were to go to the doctor with similar symptoms.
The symptoms can easily be simulated by digesting a small quantity of dried seeds from the corn cockle flower that can be found growing wild in cornfields. Mixing the seeds in with your morning coffee is suggested as the perfect way of taking it. An additional devious idea is planted in the malingerer's mind:
The effect on the doctor will be greatly heightened if several of the men in the same unit or factory fall ill as well. This is naturally very easily done, especially if they all take their coffee in the same canteen.
Chapter II of the manual is mainly for workers in chemical and explosive factions. It explains methods of faking numerous types of skin diseases that are likely to be developed when working with hazardous chemicals. It begins by pointing out the dangers of poisoning caused through the handling of the explosive TNT which eventually leads to skin irritation. Frequently washing your hands is no longer any protection because the poor quality wartime soap has too many abrasives in it. The soap actually promotes the skin disease dermatitis, just as the whole grain wartime bread contributes to it too, (See above H.174, Bread booklet).
Guidance on the wrong way to fake skin complaints follows. Causing cuts, scratches, and bruises can be easily detected as self-inflicted. Using acid to burn the skin is also a bad idea because the acid, being liquid, leaves marks were it flows across the skin. An amateur malingerer also tends to only treat skin in easily accessible parts of their body, he will easily be caught out by these non-professional techniques. An example is given illustrating how several Ukrainian female workers were exposed self-inflicting skin blisters by using the juice of the crowfoot plant. The doctor was suspicious because the women only ever had one blister, always on an easily accessible part of the body, where it should not be. The blister was also regular in shape. A naturally occurring one would always be irregular. To give this story credence it was previously broadcast on the black radio station Kurzwellensender Atlantik in July 1943. 8
The text continues to explain methods of reproducing a variety of skin complaints including Oil dermatitis, TNT poisoning, skin blisters on the head and body, shingles, jaundice, and leg ulcers. Each technique involves applying the roots or seeds of various plants and herbs on to the body as well as swallowing other more dangerous substances like picric acid to cause yellowing of the skin and digitalis, a highly dangerous and unstable chemical extracted from the foxglove plant to slow the heart beat. A slight overdose of digitalis could easily kill.
The Appendices show a variety of suitable plants useful for developing skin complaints, with diagrams to aid identification when searching for them in the wild. Help to acquire some of the more specialised medicines are given with details to forge a doctor's prescription by erasing ink if necessary. And if a fake prescription needs a rubberstamp then it can easily be transferred from another genuine document using half of a moist potato.
Perhaps the success of this inventive booklet can be measured by the German reaction to its publication. In retaliation they printed leaflets containing the same malingering instructions translated into English and dropped them from the air over British and American troops in Italy. Also they produced their own disguised miniature version in the form of a book of matches with a letter "V" for "victory" on the cover with the text tightly folded in concertina fashion inside. These books of matches were shelled fired over the British Eighth Army in February 1945. All Divisional and Field Ambulance Medical Officers were warned about its contents. 9 Delmer considered this the ultimate complement.
Another exceptionally clever pamphlet, (H.290), Die NSV heilt... Bombenschock, ("The NSV heals... Bomb Shock"), discussed the effect and treatment of "Bomb Shock" on air raid victims. It appeared to be a publication of the Nationalsozialistische Volkswohlfahrt (NSV), the National Socialist People's Welfare organisation, supposedly written by Doctor Otto Walter. It is subtitled "Bomb Shock - The wartime disease of the home front and how it is fought successfully in the rest homes of the NSV".
The pamphlet begins by explaining the meaning of "Bomb shock":
Medically speaking, bomb shock is a disease of the sympathetic nervous system caused by the detonation of bursting bombs, the impact of their air pressure and the nerve-wearying noise of the anti-aircraft guns. The first signs of this disease are similar to the nervous system problems suffered by soldiers at the front due to near misses by shells, ongoing barrage fire and being buried by explosions.
It claims that there are two types of Bomb shock, acute and latent. The acute form usually occurs during an "enemy terror raid" or shortly afterwards. Its symptoms are unmistakeable, the victim becomes unconscious or vomits, his breath becomes shallow, he has cold sweats, a weak pulse, his hands and feet tremble, his eyes are dilated, he is indecisive, and has an inability to think or reason. It also points out that bomb shock is contagious through suggestive transference, therefore victims with the acute form should be isolated from others immediately. The latent form of bomb shock is not so easy to diagnose, the symptoms are less apparent, it is an "insidious and progressive disease". The signs to be on guard against include irregular or rapid pulse, light trembling of the hands or feet, low body temperature, paleness, loss of appetite, heightened nervous sensibility, elevated blood pressure, confused thinking, and indecisiveness. All the sorts of things that would affect anybody subjected to prolonged bombing, poor diet, and long working hours. It claims that if latent bomb shock goes untreated it can result in a person being plagued by nightmares, being frightened by noise, it can cause constipation in the victim leading to nervous indigestion and stomach ulcers, it can cause impotence, and can upset a woman's monthly cycle. To reinforce the message the text is illustrated with photographs of dead bomb victims, of dazed survivors, and of the destruction caused to German cities.
It is essential for the welfare of the nation that suspected cases of bomb shock are treated as soon as possible, it continues. Bomb shock is a disease that can infect anybody and more likely the most energetic and hardworking people become victims, it is not a disease of just the feeble-minded and cowardly. There is a simple cure for bomb shock once it has been diagnosed; a course of treatment at a NSV rest home located in idyllic countryside far away from the bombing. Here the patient receives professional medical care and increased rations of milk, butter, and freshly baked bread. All treatment and food is free of charge and patients have full use of the gymnasium, library and other facilities these rest homes have. The patient can stay until they are fully recovered, which generally speaking takes from four to six weeks. The text concludes by pointing out that any citizen who has been affected with bomb shock during an air raid is entitled to stay at a NSV rest home. It is their duty to the nation to make sure they are cured.
The propaganda effect of the pamphlet worked on multiple levels. Its main purpose was to appeal to the self-interest instincts of the German population. It described in minute detail the symptoms of latent bomb shock, just the information needed by a malingerer who would welcome a pleasant vacation in a NSV rest home. Alternatively it might provoke hypochondria in civilians fearing air raids, for a German soldier it could increase his anxiety over the well-being of his family back home, and more importantly the Nazi administration might, as a result of the distribution of this pamphlet, falsely accuse genuinely shell-shocked air raid victims of malingering. Of course those applying for a course of treatment at a rest home will be sadly disappointed when their application is rejected.
As the Allies encircled the German homeland in the closing months of the war, a major goal of black propaganda was to cause as much chaos and dislocation as possible within the Nazi administration. With this in mind, Delmer thought up a rather nasty but humorous operation to assist German civilians to disobey official instructions, for example not to observe orders to evacuate areas of the country threatened by imminent Allied attack. He asked Dr. MacCurdy to find a suitable substance which a person could use to make himself seriously ill by causing violent diarrhoea. Delmer amusingly dubbed this operation the "Evacuation against Evacuation" campaign! He outlined its objectives as, to strain the German administrative machine; to make large numbers of Germans temporarily unfit for service; to provide the German population with a physical pretext for disobeying the authorities, especially to avoid compulsory evacuation and the call-up for military or labour service; to provide solders and workers with a physical pretext for absenteeism and general derelictions of duty, and finally to create a neurosis about food.
To carry out this plan, Delmer recommended, SOE should prepare small packets containing a fifty percent mix of ordinary table salt with a chemical recommended by Dr. MacCurdy called Carbachol. One gram of which could cause diarrhoea of "epidemic proportions among 200 people". PWE would supply instructions for its use on the same lines as the malingering handbook, "explaining to the Germans how diarrhoea will help them to avoid evacuation, call-up, factory work, fighting or any other unattractive assignment". These packets would be disseminated by SOE agent and/or by air. Delmer suggested that SOE agents would have two duties, firstly to leave the packets in suitable places to be found by potential German users. "... One man anxious to malinger can put a whole group out of action by adding salt to the 'Eintopf' stew", he speculated. Secondly agents could themselves empty the contents in the cooking pots of communal soup-kitchens and military canteens. Indiscriminate aerial distribution across Germany would also cause huge trouble for the administration. There is no evidence that this nefarious operation ever got past the planning stage, with the German surrender impending it was formulated too late to be put in operation. If it had been carried out it may have been as successful as when, during the First World War, British Intelligence caused mayhem after adding Croton Oil to tins of Norwegian sardines destined for German troops on the Western Front. 10
Apart from encouraging malingering Delmer was also keen to point out the shirking of Nazi officials back home. With this in mind he developed a leaflet titled Drückeberger an die Front, meaning Shirkers to the Front, (H.129). He described to Colin Wintle [Major Colin Wintle, deputy head of SOE D/Q Section] its purpose in depressing the morale of the troops:
It stimulates hostility and contempt for members of the civil service and the party administration, all of them in reality very essential to the sound functioning of the German war machine, and it also stimulates contempt for members of the Propaganda Ministry as unessential slackers. 11
The small four-page leaflet began by calling attention to the new call-up of German woman, girls, and mothers to work in the war industry. The hard manual work they are expected to do will result in premature aging and infertility, the leaflet explains. Meanwhile four and half million Party "drones" evade military service and stay at home. It reproduces, as "incontrovertible evidence", two secret regulations formulated to protect "these sacrosanct, high-minded malingerers" from being called-up. The leaflet not only draws attention to these Nazi shirkers but also encourages the belief in the soldier's mind that his wife's, or girlfriend's, health will be ruined as a result of heavy labour in the factories. This line of propaganda was reinforced in GS1 broadcasts and other black leaflets like the Sauckel Wanted Poster (examined later in the book). Delmer considered Drückeberger an die Front a top priority leaflet and pushed SOE for widespread distribution, going as far as requesting Thornley to arrange for one to be posted inside Germany to a specific recipient, Frau Hanna Solf of Partenkirchen, after he obtained her address from a censor report.
For a soldier to give up fighting and desert his duty is, no doubt, the most successful conclusion of a propaganda campaign but conversely one of the hardest objectives to accomplish. Generally even a non-willing conscript will not contemplate desertion until he is in mortal danger and has an opportunity to do so. A soldier still loyal to his government and country is much harder to break through psychological warfare. Despite this difficulty, sponsoring desertion was a key aim of British black propaganda. Long before the Allied invasion of Western Europe desertion propaganda was disseminated to persuade German troops to escape the approaching battle.
The first signs appeared at the end of 1942 of the possibility that the Allies may defeat Germany. From Norway a trickle of deserting German soldiers attempted to cross the border into Sweden. Previously these deserters were prohibited from entering the country and faced certain death when returned to the German authorities. The Swedish administration reversed its policy and gave asylum to the absconding soldiers. When news of this change of heart reached SOE Stockholm, they suggested a pinprick operation to publicise in Norway the Swedish government's new attitude.
In April 1943 PWE prepared a proclamation notice allegedly in the name of General von Falkenhorst, commander-in-chief of the German occupational forces in Norway, (H.373), but was cancelled because of a "technical 'itch". 12 A new version was printed by Howe at the end of May (H.448). The notice, addressed to German soldiers, denounced in the strongest terms the disgraceful increase in incidents in which enlisted men and even officers of the units under Falkenhorst's command renounced their military obligations by crossing into Swedish territory. Falkenhorst continued:
Unfortunately, the Swedish government no longer recognises its agreement with our government regarding repatriation of deserters, which had been in force hitherto. Making reference to irrational regulations of international law, members of the German Armed Forces who have deserted are now offered right of asylum in Sweden, even if they cross the Swedish border in uniform.
I am confident that this incomprehensible attitude of the Swedish government will not be a temptation for honourable German soldiers to commit the shameful crime of desertion.
The notice was signed, dated, and rubberstamped. Copies were sent from London to SOE Stockholm and then smuggled across the border by the Norwegian resistance. The resistance proceeded to post-up the notice around Oslo and other parts of the country on the required date. The press reaction was immediate and many newspapers in both Sweden and Norway, believing it to be genuine, reproduced the proclamation in full. The next day the Germans fuelled its public debate by feebly condemning the proclamation as a forgery. The Swedish authorities also got themselves in a muddle. Their Foreign Office claimed that the Swedish government gave asylum to refugees but not deserters. This was contradicted by the Social Affairs minister who maintained that no deserters had been refused entry since December 1942 and that a camp had been established for their reception.
SOE were extremely pleased with the success of the operation as not only had it put "desertion on the map" but embroiled the German and Swedish authorities. When other regional sections of SOE learned of the operation's success they were enthusiastic to try the same ploy. Thornley requested PWE to produce versions of the proclamation suitable for France and Belgium. "I do not think we have got anything to lose, do you, if we develop this desertion drive and force the Germans to come out with a whole series of denials stating that the proclamations are forgeries, etc.", he asked Delmer. A version for German forces in France signed by General Field Marshal von Rundstedt was produced which condemned the "shameful" desertions into Spain, (H.504 and H.549). The French resistance were entrusted to distribute it on 4 September. At least one example was pasted-up on the Town Hall at Tournus in the Saône and Loire district of France but it did not generate the same controversy as the previous operation. A Belgium version was never printed.
As a companion to the Falkenhorst proclamation, Howe produced a leaflet, (H.449), instructing German soldiers on the procedure to adopt when deserting from Norway to Sweden. This was the first of a large number of leaflets that would follow informing German troops on how to escape to neutral countries. The leaflet appeared to have been created on a typewriter by a fictitious German anti-Nazi resistance organisation known as the Red Circle. Howe joked that he was the President of the "Red Circle Society", his assistance Kitty was the Secretary, and Elisabeth Friedlander the Treasurer. 13
Other versions invited Germans to desert from France to Switzerland and Spain, from Norway and Finland to Sweden, and from Italy to Switzerland. Sometimes the leaflets would carry the Red Circle rubberstamp, other times their origin was anonymous. The text of a desertion leaflet for forces stationed in France gave advice and encouragement for a successful getaway to Switzerland, (H.520). It began:
You needn't worry any more that the Swiss will send you back. Switzerland is not giving up any more German deserters, whether they are in uniform or not.
If you, as many others, have no desire to remain a corpse-aspirant in France, then you have only one trouble: how to get yourself over the frontier with the least trouble. As soon as you are in Switzerland, everything will be all right and you can peacefully and comfortably wait for the end in a respectable Swiss internment camp.
The leaflet continues with three rules for a successful desertion, firstly after crossing the frontier give yourself up to the nearest Swiss police or army post. Do not hang about the countryside. Secondly, state simply and clearly why you have come, "because you have no desire to sacrifice your life for Hitler's last and useless struggles". And lastly make sure you are unarmed and show your papers to prove you really are a German soldier.
The final paragraphs reassure the deserter that his family back home will be safe from Gestapo reprisals, simply because the German authorities have no idea which soldiers have been murdered by the French resistance, and which ones have slipped away. The Swiss will keep your name secret if you desire. "When you come to us you will be amazed at the number of "living corpses" residing perfectly happily in Swiss internment camps", he is told. This reinforced the rumours circulated by Operation Tuckbox that a large number of German soldiers listed as being killed in action were actually alive and well having a peaceful and prosperous existence interned in a neutral country.
The advice for deserting to Spain was quite different. The deserter should only wear old, worn-out civilian clothes and carry no identification papers. He should get as far into Spain as possible and when picked up by the Police claim he is an Alsace-Lorrainer who can only speak German. He should refuse to see any German official.
The leaflets as well as being covertly distributed by SOE were given much wider dissemination by the RAF. Nearly 1.3 million copies of the Swiss version for German forces in France, discussed above, were dropped between November 1943 to December 1944. It was disseminated both by RAF aircraft and the "M" Balloon Unit. Such wide scale distribution caused problems keeping the real origin of the leaflets secret. In February 1945 PWE received a half-hearted complaint about the leaflet from the Swiss Minister to the United Kingdom, protesting that his Government very much objected to large numbers of German troops entering Switzerland. The Foreign Office wanted to know how the Swiss Minister knew the leaflet was British, considering its secret nature. PWE had to admit that due to faulty balloons accidentally releasing leaflets over Britain it was not hard to discover the true source of the leaflet. Especially because in the past the Spanish version of the desertion leaflet had been accidentally dropped in the Spanish Ambassador's London home by a malfunctioning balloon! 14
Later Howe developed Desertion Packs containing all the necessary forged documents to assist deserters to travel. The paperwork, for example, might be contained in an innocuous envelope appearing to be a loving gift from home, (H.1209). Inside was a fake travel warrant, train tickets for military personnel, and ration coupons, all of which had been pre-rubberstamped and signed. The deserter just had to fill in his details using the enclosed instructions so he could travel anywhere he wanted across the Reich. These were then dropped by the US air force packed with Nachrichten für die Truppe.
Bombed Towns Lists, (H.489, H.600, H.697, H.693, et al)
According to Delmer, listeners of GS1 were enormously impressed by one of the stations regular features, the fast and accurate reporting of which streets in major German towns and cities had been destroyed or severally damaged by the Allied bombing raids of the previous night. Apparently so precise and swift were these reports, the German intelligence service concluded the British must have agents in the cities covertly transmitting back the results of the bombing. The truth, however, was much more prosaic. Delmer's intelligence section, headed by Clifton Childs, liased with the RAF to obtain details of their raids over Germany, how many bombers had dropped what tonnage of high explosive or incendiaries on which cities. As soon as the aerial reconnaissance photographs, taken by the special squadrons of fast flying Spitfires and Mosquitoes, had been processed copies were rushed to Milton Bryan. On the photographs' arrival at MB, they were analysed by Peter von Schlabrenhorst, a German émigré and Rhodes scholar specially trained by the RAF to read them. On his insistence, he then broadcast the list on GS1.15
Howe's Unit also reproduced the lists as multi-folded leaflets, with the Red Circle resistance group claiming to be its author. Marion McFadyean [Later Mrs. Whitehorn - Graphic Designer in Howe's Unit with Elizabeth Friedlander] recalls the dreadful time she had proofreading them because of the tiny typeface used. The leaflets began by reminding German soldiers of the Armed Forces High Command order, dated August 1942, that states:
Home leave of ten days, or in special cases up to twenty days, is to be granted to all members of the Armed Forces whose homes or families have been subject to enemy bombing.
Around a dozen different editions were produced in large quantities from September 1942, (H.489) until the end of war, several being disseminated by the "M" Balloon Unit. Their purpose was to show German soldiers the terrible extent of bomb damage to the homeland, to stimulate fears for the safety of their family, and also to give soldiers reason to demand home leave. If the home leave was denied, then one more soldier potentially becomes disaffected with the war and might consider malingering or desertion.
SOE considered the Bombed Towns list to be of immense value:
This item has been a great inducement to desertion and has been found in the possession of deserters crossing into neutral countries. German troops, who were not allowed to listen to Allied wireless reports, were thirsting for real news of their homes and it is only reasonable to suppose that once one of these leaflets came into their possession, they did not hand them in or destroy them until they had glanced through to see if their own towns and streets were damaged and if they could therefore claim compassionate leave. 16
A full English translation of Illness Saves is available <here>

subset: commoncrawl


text:
BOST: I'm great thanks. Happy to be here and talk with you.
E.H.M.P.: How long have you been rapping?
BOST: I've been rapping for about four years but a little over a year ago I really started to take it seriously and record as well as study rap and treat it like a full time job. Before rapping I was producing, something I still do. I've been making and producing my own beats for about 5-6 years.
E.H.M.P.: Who and what inspires you ?
BOST: I'm inspired by a lot of rappers who not only rap but also produce there own music. People like Dr. dre, Pharrell, timberland, Kanye west, Taylor Bartholomew and j cole all really inspire me. But I also get a lot of inspiration just from my surroundings and my family.
E.H.M.P.: Where can we listen to and or download your music?
BOST: You can listen to my music on YouTube, hotnewhiphop and soundcloud. It's available to download on hotnewhiphop and soundcloud for free.
E.H.M.P.: How can we stay in touch with you?
BOST: Easiest way to stay in touch with me is to check out my Instagram and twitter feel free to follow me on both!
Twitter @graffbost1
Instagram @graffbost1
E.H.M.P.: Any last words and or shout outs?
BOST: First off a big shout out to eleganthoodnessradio and the amazing A.D. The General. Thanks to everyone who supports me and what I do. Shout out all the braves. If anyone wants to Colab hit me up on the above social network sites or email me (firstname.lastname@example.com) always looking to work with new artists.
Written by A.D. The General


text:
Design and Construction Standards
About the Standards:
Carnegie Mellon's Design & Construction Standards are intended to assist architects, engineers, contractors, and other design professionals in understanding the university's preferences in the development and renovation of its facilities. These standards are intended to be used as guidelines and not as specifications.
Please Note: These Design and Construction Standards are for use by Carnegie Mellon University, its consultants and contractors, and they remain the property of Carnegie Mellon University at all times.
To access the Standards on the FMCS website, click here: Design and Construction Standards


text:
(I thought I saw you in my head
How'd you slip away again?)
He's clearly not over her, and he's troubled by the fight. She's still on his mind all the time.
(Where did you go?
Where did you go?)
She left him, and he's not sure where she's at. All he wants is to have her back.
(We came so close so many times
Even almost lost my mind
Trying to find you
Trying to find you)
They've gotten in fights almost this bad in the past, and any time that they were apart, he did anything in his power to find her and get her back.
(How could this city feel so lonely?
It's hard to believe when people tell me)
He feels so alone without the girl that he likes, and it's difficult to see anything positively.
(Don't give up when it all comes down
Only things that get lost are found
Just around the corner
Just around the corner
When you don't think you can take no more
You might find what you're searching for
Just around the corner
It's just around the corner, yeah
It's just around the corner)
Even though his relationship is in a bad place, and he feels unhappy and alone, he'll find her. He'll be able to fix things and mend the wounds that were made, thus making him happy again.
(If I knew where you are somehow
I'd be running there right now
No matter how far
No matter how far, yeah)
If he knew where the girl was, he'd go to her, regardless of the distance.
(Chorus remains the same)
(I swear the stars look like they're crying
Waiting for love can feel like dying, whoa)
He sees everything in a sad, negative manner. Even stars. And waiting for love hurts, a lot, and that's what he's doing. Waiting for her, his love.
That's my grasp on the song at least.
thexbiggestxfreakon February 08, 2011 Link


text:
Every OpenStack summit there's more and more to talk about with EMC and the Federation. I'm sure much of the hallway chatter will be around welcoming our potential new private equity overlords.
The real meat of the conference will be inside the sessions, and here is how you can find EMC at the summit:
We are excited to announce that EMC is a Headline sponsor at OpenStack Tokyo! Team OpenStack @ EMC will be present, ready to engage and collaborate on our OpenStack contributions, integrated solutions and industry-leading software-defined infrastructure.
How to find EMC at the event:
- Come by our EMC booth to chat with our experts, see live demos (i.e. watch ScaleIO trump Ceph time and again), schedule customer meetings, and get lots of EMC gear.
- Set up some time to meet with an EMC subject matter expert, email firstname.lastname@example.com or your EMC account manager with any inquiries or questions.
Attend one of EMC's sessions:
Battle of the Titans: Real-Time Demonstration of Ceph vs. ScaleIO Performance for Block Storage
Orchestrate ALL The (Storage) Things: OpenStack Data Availability with CoprHD
Operating at Web-scale: Will Containers Crush the Openstack Ecosystem?
Cloud Storage in your datacenter: Geo-scale SWIFT, S3 and more for Exabytes of Multi-tenant, Hadoop ready data
For complete and most up to date information on EMC at OpenStack Summit Tokyo, follow our ECN Community Page.


text:
George Mason Creates 'Sept. 11–Ongoing Updates' Web Site
Posted: September 20, 2001 at 1:00 am, Last Updated: November 30, -0001 at 12:00 am
The Electronic Publications Office has created an all-encompassing web site related the tragic events of Sept. 11. Divided into four sections, the site includes information on campus activities, useful contacts, and ways to help. The web site address is www.gmu.edu/sept11.
In the Campus Messages section, users can access updated messages from President Alan Merten, Provost Peter Stearns, and a number of George Mason faculty members regarding the terrorist attacks and the aftermath. The Campus Activities section lists upcoming events relating to the tragedy, including today's blood drive.
Useful Contacts provides users with a list of phone numbers and web sites within and outside the George Mason community, including the Police Department, University Life, and the governor's terrorism victim helpline. The final section, Ways to Help, gives contact information for the American Red Cross and the Salvation Army, among others.
For more information, or to submit a campus activity, contact Paras Kaul at email@example.com.


text:
July 17, 2011
The Family Resource Center is accepting applications for its
"Back-to-School Clothing Program" beginning Monday, July 18
through Wednesday, July 27.
Applicants must call Winnie at (903) 519-2934 for requirements
and a time to fill out the application.
Rootseekers Society
The Rootseekers Genealogy Society meets at 7 p.m. Monday, July
18, at the Tri-County Library, Mabank. Margaret Ann Trail and
Faith Gilbreath will discuss displaying your genealogy work.
Meetings are open to the public. The genealogy room at the
library is open from 9:30 a.m. to noon Tuesdays. Volunteers are
on hand to assist researchers.
FBC Eustace VBS
Vacation Bible School, "The Big Apple Adventure," is set for
6:30 to 9 p.m., Monday through Friday, July 18-22, for ages 4
through entering sixth grade at the First Baptist Church in
Eustace.The week of fun, food and learning opportunities is free
of charge. For more information, call (903) 425-2261 or visit on
the web at FBCEustace.net.
Free kids movies
The Tri-County Library offers free children's movies at 1 p.m.
every Thursday in the community room of the library at 132 E.
Market Street, Mabank. July 21, "Garfield: The Movie." For more
information, call (903) 887-9622.
MHS Varsity Choir
The Mabank Varsity Choir is holding a garage sale from 8 a.m. to
5 p.m. Friday-Saturday, July 22-23 at 104 South Rye, Gun Barrel
City. Proceeds fund the choir's trip to Disney World in Orlando,
Fla. Items include clothing, Christmas decorations, massage
chairs, and much more. For information, call Marsha Sanchez at
the Fine Arts Department at
(903) 880-1820.
Children's book drive
Christian Cheer Company and The Library at Cedar Creek Lake are
pairing up from 9 a.m. to noon, Saturday, July 23, to hold a
children's book drive. Books will be donated to local children
in order to promote reading.
Red Hot '18' tourney
The annual Red Hot "18" Golf Tournament is set for a shotgun
start at 8:30 a.m. Monday, July 25, at Kings Creek Country Club.
Check-in is at 7:45 a.m.. Featured is a hole-in-one contest
sponsored by Tri-County Ford. Cost includes light breakfast,
golf, cart & lunch. For information call Tiffany Lilly at (903)
887-6001, Robbye Grissom at (214) 926-1395 or Debra Davis at
(903) 887-2870.
49er's Senior Club
The Cedar Creek Lake 49er's Senior Citizens Club is hosting a
Hawaiian Luau from 7 to 9:30 p.m. Thursday, July 28, with
dancing to Chuck & the 49er's every Thursday. Friendly
atmosphere, no smoking or alcohol. Small donation at the door.
Located two blocks south on Arnold Hills Road, off SH 334, Seven
Points. For information call or fax to (903) 432-3552.
Aggie picnic
The Aggie Scholarship Auction and Picnic is set for 5:30 p.m.
Saturday, July 30, at Reunion Ranch, Terrell. Silent and live
auctions Proceeds benefit local Aggie Scholarships that will be
presented that night. All are welcome. For information contact
Tori Lucas at (214) 863-6068 or e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.com.
2nd season garden
"Second Season Vegetable Gardening," will be presented at 9:30
a.m. Saturday, July 30, at East Texas Arboretum, by Patty
Leander, Vegetable Gardening contributing author, Texas Gardener
Magazine. The Arboretum is located at 1601 Patterson Road,
Athens. Refreshments, door prizes and upcoming class schedules.
For informaion call (903) 675-6130 or visit http:/henderson-co-tx-mg.org.
News & Brief Policy
News in Brief is a venue in which nonprofit organizations can
promote their services and/or fundraising events at no cost.
These articles should include only basic information – who,
what, when and where. Articles must include publishable contact
information and a phone number.
The deadline for submission is 4 p.m. Monday for each Thursday's
issue and 4 p.m. Wednesday for each Sunday's issue.
Announcements will run for four issues (two weeks).
Organizations needing to relay more information on services or
events, or who seek a longer promotion time, are encouraged to
call our advertising staff at (903) 887-4511.
MediaOne LLC considers nonprofit organizations to be groups
operating primarily on a volunteer basis providing a service for
others. Organizations with paid employees cannot use this venue
to promote their services.
main sports news obits lake life events views classifieds
Gaming room raids yield
Monitor Staff Reports
ATHENS–The Henderson County District and County Attorney teamed
up to successfully prosecute the first of four defendants from
gambling raids conducted on six Henderson County gambling
locations March 31.
According to a press release from the District Attorney's
Office, Leslie Hipp, 54, agreed to plea guilty and received
convictions on all three misdemeanor charges filed against her,
including keeping a gambling place, possession of a gambling
device or equipment, and gambling promotion.
Hipp received the maximum sentence of confinement for 365 days
in jail on each offense with the sentences running concurrently.
Hipp has a lengthy arrest record including arrests for
aggravated assault with a deadly weapon, money laundering, two
minor drug charges and driving while intoxicated.
"This was a good outcome of the work done back in March,"
Henderson County Attorney Clint Davis commented.
The Henderson County Sheriff's Department coordinated and
conducted the raids on six gambling places, with the assistance
of various other participating law enforcement agencies, Davis
Assistant county attorney Daniel Cox handled the plea
negotiations on behalf of the County Attorney's office and was
responsible for obtaining the convictions and sentences.
In speaking about the case, Davis pointed out that, in addition
to the convictions, we were also able to secure the forfeiture
of just over $3,000 in cash, two computers, and approximately 35
motherboards used to operate the illegal gambling devices. "I am
pleased with the job that Danny did on this case and the results
obtained," Davis said.
In addition to the misdemeanor cases, Hipp was sentenced to five
years in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for the
unlawful possession of a firearm which turned up during the
March 31 raid.
First assistant District Attorney Mark Hall prosecuted the case.
"This is a great example of how our offices along with the
Sheriff's Department work together to investigate and prosecute
crime in the County" DA Scott McKee said. He added that he
expects more joint prosecutions and investigations in the
Wrong number results in arrest
Monitor Staff Reports
GUN BARREL CITY–Reaching a wrong number resulted in a drug
arrest for 18-year-old Mabank area resident Jack Steven Jackson
According to the Henderson County Sheriff's Office, Jackson
attempted to make a drug sale with a lake area citizen who
wasn't the person he thought he was.
The citizen reported the incident to the Sheriff's Office and
Deputy Kevin Adair, using the caller's ID, called Jackson back
using the citizen's phone.
Pretending to be a potential buyer Adair allowed Jackson to sell
him some marijuana and prescription pills. They agreed to meet
in the parking lot of a gas station in Gun Barrel City.
Adair, a uniformed deputy, described one of the undercover
narcotics officers to Jackson along with the vehicle he would be
driving. Surveillance was set up on the meeting place.
Jackson and a female juvenile arrived and met with narcotics
investigator Wick Gabbard. After beginning the transaction,
Jackson was arrested and charged with a Class A misdemeanor,
punishable up to a year in jail. The girl was released to a
Jackson was released from the Henderson County Jail the next day
on a $5,000 bond.
Deputies and investigators located four bottles of various
prescription pills and a baggie containing the pills Jackson was
to deliver to his customer.
Copyright © 2011, MediaOne, L.L.C.


text:
Defcad.com creates controversy at SXSW
Updated 9:41 pm, Tuesday, March 12, 2013
Three-dimensional printing often is seen as a key component for a new economy in which consumers simply "print" off products, rather than ordering them online or trudging through the aisles of the store. The idea of both customizing and producing new goods from the comfort of the home suggests a different world of shopping.
Yet, that long view also has been met with resistance. Many fear that the technology could decimate key industries such as manufacturing, retail and shipping. In other cases, as with any new technology set loose, critics fear that it could have other dire consequences, especially without proper regulation.
Those concerns found a poster child at the SXSW Interactive festival in Austin this week.
A UT law student named Cody Wilson used the SXSW showcase to present a new website, Defcad.com — a search engine designed to provide unfettered access to files that dictate 3-D designs. The site, he said, will provide an unrestricted channel to the designs of any potential product, from a hammer to a prosthetic limb (though the technology to actually produce many is often a ways off).
What raised eyebrows about Defcad was Wilson and the group behind it. Called Defense Distributed, the Texas group is home to the "Wiki Weapon Project" — an effort to develop files to print off weapons, such AR-15 assault rifles, the model used in the Newtown, Conn., massacre.
Business Channel
- FOX Business Beat: Twitter news streaming; President's Day sale Fox5DC
- Elderly Man Learns How to Use Phone Jukin Media
- Airline Passenger Quickly Changes Tune When Threatened With Explusion Marissa Rundell, Storyful
- Role of Security technology in active shooter situations Fox 26 Houston
- Elon Musk's 'Starman' Has a Lot of Hidden Easter Eggs Fortune
- Emily Chang, author of 'Brotopia' Fox5
- This App Allows You To Bid on Last Minute Unsold Plane Tickets Buzz 60
- Volkswagen Sets Record for January Sales Wibbitz
- Neighbor Of Shooting Range Tied To Trump Family: 'It's Like You're In A War Zone' Buzz 60
- Council passes paid sick leave policy Fox7
The files for printing guns are among those being made accessible via Defcad.
Wilson views Defcad and his activism as steps toward a utopian society, free from constraints of intellectual property laws and government regulation. The point is not guns for everyone, he says, but the freedom of knowledge and creation for everyone.
"I can't tell you exactly what that new world will look like, but I see features that it will have," he said. He notes that for all the government's talk, Congress is short on action — and that has allowed what he believes to be more enlightened views to take hold. "Crypto-anarchist logic is bleeding into the world."
When confronted with the notion that many people would not see their utopia involving assault rifles, he points to the country's current laws and how easy it is to acquire a gun already.
3-D printing is accomplished in a number of ways. The most common is a process called "additive printing" where a nozzle emits layer on top of layer of substrate — say liquid plastic or aluminum — and eventually constructs a new object. With the proper file type, usually a format called CAD, a computer tells the printer how to make the object.
The technology is one of the key components of the burgeoning "DIY" or "Maker" culture. As costs have plummeted for circuitry and other hardware, and the Internet has allowed anyone, anywhere to share files, tools available for closet inventors have flourished.
On the Defense Distributed site, Wilson says, files for parts of its "Wiki-Weapon Project" have been downloaded 400,000 times.
In December, Wired named Wilson one of the 15 most dangerous people in the world, a title he shared with Syria President Bashar Assad.
Yet, so far, Defense Distributed's actions are legal, since it is giving away the designs, not selling any parts.
The model of an open network of 3-D printable designs isn't the first. MakerBot, which sells 3-D printers, operates a site full of 3-D designs called Thingaverse. It removed designs for parts of weapons in December.
Wilson makes it clear that Defcad won't censor designs.
"There will be no takedowns. Ever," he says.


text:
Thanksgiving 2,000
Somewhere in the
Ocala National Forest, Florida
Brooke, Brother Ray, and Brother Cooper enjoying the pies.
All the pies where made by the students of Mrs. Ritchason's Teen Challenges class at Windy Hill Middle School in Clermont Florida.
Thank you kids! We love you!
Come and get it!
The Phat News of Mark
The Gospel of Mark KJV in Hippie language
Sylvia, Elaine, Pat, Judy and Caroline all did a wonderful job.
This is God's tent; food, clothing, blankets, shoes, and suppies were available here.
Joe helping to unload.
There is nothing like a good Thanksgiving dinner. Thank you Logos!
Nick and Caroline carving the turkeys.
Rita, Sylvia, and Elaine cutting the pumpkin pies from Windy Hill Middle School.
Click Here to Email 2 Hawks
Number of Hippie Visitors:
Home Page
This Counter
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Turkey Feather Trading Post


text:
New subscription
Active within 3562 Days
I am from Mesquite, NV and I've been a Club Horse member for 10 years, 4 months and 19 days
Nicknames: At first I couldn't decide on a name for him. At first I thought of naming him lightning, but it didn't suit him. Then I thought about "Cowboy" but that didn't suit him either. I couldn't think of a name for him and one day my finace' and I were goofing off and he said "Were off to the Rodeo" and the instant he said that, I knew that Rodeo was the perfect name for him! It's a unique name and he's a unique horse. :)
Age: 11 years old
Gender: Gelding
Breed: Paint Horse
Height: He just turned 2, he is 15.2 hands and is well over 1200lbs!
Color: Registered black and white paint, with a medicine hat, and he has 2 gorgeous blue eyes!
Type of Riding: Rodeo is actually under going 60 days professional training as we speak. For now since we are just doing arena ridding on the soft arena dirt and since there's a ton of sand where we live he'll be getting used to trail rides in the fall. :)
My Horse's Achievements: Rodeo is VERY smart and eager to learn new things. He catches onto something and remembers it, I can leave the lesson sit for a few months, and go to work with him and he picks up right where we left off. He's such a good boy!
My Horse's Favorite Treat: ANYTHING! Recently he just discovered Watermelon, he LOVED it
My Horse's Favorite Things To Do: Learning new things, getting baths and playing with the hose. He also loves being turned out with the horses in the pasture next to him, and they play and play for hours.
Pet Peeves: He HATES being told "No" but is slowly getting over not being so spoiled now that he is older. He also hates it when you shoo him away, he always has to be RIGHT there next to his "MOM" and gets mad if I push him out of my space.
My Horse's motto: Oo, what's that? I need to chew on it! Gimme gimme gimme!!
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Actually bought him when I saw his add on Dreamhorse.com. He's been in my life for a little over a year but it feels like it's been so much longer than that. He's part of my reason for living and has helped me through so much. Our bond is a life long bond, he's more than just a horse to me. He's my best friend..
I've had 923 friends visit me.
I'm the 5,638th member on HorseChannel.com.
32 friends have voted for me since I joined Club Horse!
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Come visit me, Fresca.
Come visit me, Lexie, Pauwni, Hurricane & IN LOVING MEMORY OF MARIA.
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Come visit me, Zoey, Western Saddle Needed!! & Zion *I miss you*.
Come visit me, Gazelle, Fox & Lynx & 2012 Foals.
Come visit me, Thunder, Sassa Frass & My Dream Horse.
Come visit me, Catch A Falling Star aka Leroy.
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Come visit me, Red R.I.P., Spiderman R.I.P., Babe R.I.P., Boogie R.I.P., ♥ Stormy ♥, Acorn R.I.P., Prize R.I.P. & Sienna R.I.P.
Come visit me, Shadow(aka Shadows Whisper).
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Come visit me, in loving memory of star & ~*Sampson*~.
Come visit me, Rosy THANKS SO MUCH FO HOTD!!, Lena's lil Renegade, Foxy's gambler & Gypsi.
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Come visit me, A.C.E.R.R gone, but not forgotten & A.C.E.R.R.
Come visit me, Rafi, Dude, Chloe & Tango.
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Come visit me, Norway ♥.
Come visit me, Zubrimo Majestic Drummer & Emily.
Come visit me, ~*In Memory of Secretariat*~, Mack, Baby Girl & Cool Dude.
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The Kensal medium zip top backpack is a cool and contemporary addition to your wardrobe, bringing practical functionality to a trend-led design.
Finished in a soft, subtly grainy leather, this backpack features a statement zip, with a metal coin charm and elongated zip puller, below an embossed Radley logo. Unzip it to find a roomy, grosgrain-lined interior with two slip pockets and a zipped pocket for keeping your phone, keys or purse safe. The exterior front of the bag also offers two slip pockets with seam detailing. The top of the bag is decorated with tab and stud detail, and a carry handle adds extra versatility to the adjustable shoulder straps.
Kensal is a coveted collection of beautifully soft, textured leather bags for relaxed luxury, accentuated with glossy metal details.
- Made from Belmar Leather
- Features zip fastening with front and back pockets and adjustable strap
- The inside features a zipped pocket, slip pocket and phone pocket
- Strap Length: handle 7cm, strap 85cm
- Please note this style does not come with a dog tag
- Comes with a Radley dust bag to keep your purchase in
- Dimension: W24.5 x H31 x D10 cm
- Weight: 0.7 kg
- Product code: 64111


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How would you describe Aquarius sign and all whose Sun is in Aquarius?
Aquarius is the sign of children of light. They bring light in all that captures their attention, and they fight the darkness, like Bob Marley, Lincoln, Mozart and many others. The Aquarius keyword is "Discontent" and they will tell you in length and very analytically what they don't like and how to change things. Aquarius people have the innocence of children who can always see something in a new way. Here is more in depth description: http://www.astrology-online.com/aquarius.htm
Many decent articles on Aquarius on this page:
Sharp Intellect In astrology, Aquarius is often referred to as the sign of genius. Boredom is the biggest malady of people born under this sun sign. An Aquarian has a very fertile mind that needs to be constantly fed with new knowledge, be it about people or machines. A large number of Aquarians are seen to prosper in the field of technology. They are good in computers and machines, and are often found to have an eclectic collection of gadgets. Artistic inclination is one of the predominant Aquarius sign characteristics. They specially excel in drama. In fact, 70% of individuals in the Hall of Fame either belong to this sun sign or have a strong Aquarian ascendant.
It is again his hunger for knowledge that makes an Aquarian interact with people. He might be keenly interested in you. But as soon as he has quenched his curiosity he might move on. He is like the winter gale that is hard to be fettered. He has to move on as there are greater mysteries for him to unravel. The Aquarian need for constant interaction with people is often viewed as a lack of commitment, and you may be surprised at how many acquaintances and how very few real friends an Aquarian has. However, once he has scanned you under his intent analysis, and you have captured his interest, your Aquarian friend could startle you with his loyalty.
A Rebel and Reformist Almost every Aquarian comes by as a soft-spoken, courteous individual. However, don't be fooled by this tranquil exterior. Aquarians are essentially rebels and non-conformists. For an Aquarian there is always a scope for change. He is a born thinker who can visualize the future with amazing clarity. In the world of astrology this is common refrain – 'Aquarians see today what the world sees 50 years later'. The universal water bearer that represents this sun sign, comes a person for the masses. He stands for revolution for the greater benefit of mankind. From his jug, the water bearer pours out water like ideas that come out of an unrestrained mind that can see tomorrow and beyond, while the rest of us are still struggling with the travails of today. Aquarians are idealists, however, without blind faith. They are people with original ideas and strong convictions. One of the negative Aquarius characteristics is their stubbornness. Though they might not jump into the revolutionary war with a sword as a Scorpio or Leo would, an Aquarian would ensure that despite bitter opposition his convictions are realized. This is best reflected by Abraham Lincoln and Franklin Roosevelt who brought about the reforms they believed in despite lack of support.
Humanitarian Leanings It is their ability and need to interact with people that helps them develop a keen understanding of the plight of the ostracized and the elite alike. This gives individuals of this air sign strong humanitarian leanings. As they go about mingling with the masses with enviable ease, and soaking up all information that comes by with their keen senses, their desire to improve the plight of the downtrodden becomes stronger. Often seen as tactless and rebellious, it is here that their love for freedom comes in great use. In their quest to question authority and set norms, we see the Aquarians unparalleled zeal and courage to stand against injustice and fight the cause of the underdog.
Apparently good places for Aquarius to live: New Mexico (been there and yeas, very out of this world), Abyssinia, Bremen (Germany), Brighton (England), Circassia, Cyprus, Hamburg (Germany), Ingolstadt (Germany), Lithuania, Piedmont (Italy), Prussia, Russia, St. Louis (Missouri), Salzburg (Austria), Sweden, Syria, Trent (Italy), Turkey.
Aquarius appearance Aquarius imageHow to spot an Aquarian
Detachment and a hint of peculiarity. What to remember is that strongly Aquarius-influenced people are always hard to pin down. They can be enthusiastic and open, socially expansive, but tend to keep their distance, seldom making a complete emotional investment. Always "cool". While the reputation of Aquarian unconventionality is quite true, it is seldom a striking feature of their appearance. In spite of the bursting release-energy of their ruling planet Uranus, Aquarians are frequently humble and relatively quiet persons. Sure, there are many utterly extrovert and bizarre representatives for the sign. And yes, many match their inherent aloofness with a markedly bohemian (or unusually formal or classic) style of clothing or some other striking accessory or ornament. But these sorts of things are commonplace today and hardly original. Look for a tolerant, civil, shock-proof, very friendly and amiable attitude.
Notice also the suspected Aquarian's group-behaviour. Aquarians relate ambivalently to group activity, crowds and associations. While naturally equipped with a collective "feel" and attraction to the dynamics of human interplay, Aquarians are essentially loners and individualists, intent on not being swayed by public opinion and attitudes. They usually don't aim for the center of attention, and probably because of this gravitate towards it anyway. They have a relaxed yet electric charisma that attracts because of its lack of eagerness, and also by the Aquarian's interest in other people and wide-ranging humanity. Often strongly built; wide shoulders and clear eyes, an intellectual, impersonal air that can seem (and be) quite unemotional. A decidedly, cool, buzzing radiation, but at a low frequence. Aquarian men are masculine in an androgynous way, quietly paradoxical and calm. Women are open and progressive, quite alluring in their distance and indifference. If attractive they're usually very attractive, but in quirky, originally glamorous way.
Celebrity examples include Geena Davis (Sun in Aquarius exactly opposite Uranus by the Midheaven), with that highly charged, erratic charisma and sharp intellectuality, Tom Selleck (Aquarius Sun in the first house exactly trine Uranus); essentially Aquarian with his calm, friendly and humane yet detached and individualistic demeanor, and Mena Suvari (Sun, Mars and Mercury conjunct in Aquarius) whose off-beat, alluring beauty and glowing intelligence is characteristic.
My own impression about Aquarians is (contrary to popular opinion) that a large percentage of them don't actually give a damn about groups. I think that what they are doing is infiltrating groups with the express intention of encouaging the members to be individuals, and either stay in a group if that's what they want – or escape when they can stand as individuals.
When you stop and think about it – why would an individualistic Aquarian feel a need to attach themselves to a group?
Aquarius Careers
In careers, some suitable options for Aquarians are Inventors, Communications, Airlines or any Technical area of Radio or Television, and Social workers etc. Some other good careers for Aquarians are Scientist, Photographer, Astrologer, Singer, Social Worker, Inventor, or Writer.
People born under the Sign of Aquarius tend to have successful careers in the fields of communications, electronics, and aviation. They dislike being tied to a routine, and might do well out in the community working for the benefit of their fellow man in some way. Aquarius people shine in any career that offers them the scope to apply their ideals and utilize their unusual talents.
Aquarius men may discover that they can't do a 9-to-5-job. They look for unique and unusual professions that give them the freedom which they need. They may decide to work as freelancer. Adventure, creativity, independence, need to be part of their career choice, otherwise they may not waste much time with it.
Aquarius women may not find their kind of occupation for a long time and they switch from one profession to another. Professions that allow you to be free and creative may be best for them, so at one point, they may consider working as a stewardess, do special effects for the film industry, or choose a profession that has to do with the occult.
As an employee Aquarians are very progressive and hardworking. They are of friendly nature but sometimes seem to be detached and impersonal. Aquarians have a gift of being at ease with their colleagues, and are often active members of societies and clubs in their spare time.


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- 5 horror
- 5 paranormal romance
- 11 nonfiction
- 5 short story
- 6 scifi
- 14 fantasy
- 1 memoir
- 3 mystery
- 21 paranormal/urban fantasy
- 6 thriller
- 5 YA fantasy
- 5 poetry
- 1 parody
Definitely heavy on the braincandy reading; most of the nonfiction were education and LIS books related to my coursework and research, with a few essay collections and books on writing thrown in. favorites included Kevin Wilson's short story collection Tunneling to the Center of the Earth, discovering Cathrynne M. Valente, Peter V. Brett and Scott Sigler as new-to-me fiction writers (fantasy, fantasy and sci-fi/thriller, respectively), and Karen Marie Moning's Fever series in the paranormal/urban fantasy genre. The lowest points were Meyer's Twilight series and Janine Cross's Dragon Temple Saga series, whcih I would heartily recommend steering clear of.
For 2012 I'd like to make sure I get a lot more poetry in (I have no excuse not to, given what's on my shelves waiting to be read). There are also a number of Kindle shorts and novels that didn't make it to this list, since I'm less good about tracking what I've read electronically. 2011 I kept on a Googledoc spreadsheet; for 2012 I'm trying to keep up with my Goodreads account.
Merry reading to everyone for 2012! Whatever your reading goal is - or even whether or not you have one, try to read at least one book this year. Interesting things live between book covers.


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These rolls have been a huge hit in my house!
For roughly the last month and a half, my husband and a friend of his have been doing a cleanse of sorts. Now, it is not one of those hardcore juice cleanses. My husband would never survive on one of those, he loves food way too much. I'm not even sure if I should actually call it a cleanse, but a food challenge. It is pretty similar to the Paleo lifestyle, or even the Whole 30 challenge. They have cut out all grains, dairy, sugar, processed foods, and starchy carbs from their diet. Kenny and I both needed to cut down on our sugar consumption anyway, so I half-heartedly decided to join them in this endeavor.
Since I already don't eat gluten or dairy, it really hasn't been too hard. I haven't had too many cravings for chocolate. Well, who am I kidding, I always crave chocolate. I have to admit though, I have eaten rice once or twice when I've gone out to eat. And we both have been more lenient about consuming honey. Whatever, call the food police.
Back to the dinner rolls. I made this recipe for the first time on Easter Sunday, when my husband so generously invited several co-workers over for an "Easter feast" without running it by me first. He knew I would be fine with it because because I love to cook for people. But feeding 5 grown men that can eat their weight in turkey is no simple task. The entire meal was gluten and dairy free, and this little roll/muffin/bread concoction was included. The very first time I made them, I followed this recipe exactly. They were really good, and everyone loved them, but I think I realized that I'm not a huge rosemary fan. So I wanted to play around with the recipe a little and maybe use a different herb in the mixture.
I'm pretty sure I've made about 6 batches so far in the month of April. The husband is a machine and can go through these babies so quickly. Each time I've tweaked the recipe a little, and I think I figured out the perfect ratio!
So, without further ado…
Recipe adapted from Multiply Delicious
- 1 1/2 cups almond flour
- 2 tbsp coconut flour
- 1 1/2 tsp dried sage
- 1/4 tsp salt
- 1 1/2 tsp baking soda
- 1 tbsp honey
- 1 tbsp apple cider vinegar
- 1/4 cup + 1 tbsp coconut oil (melted)
- 4 large eggs
- Preheat oven to 350 degrees. In a large bowl, combine almond flour, coconut flour, sage, salt, and baking soda. Whisk to combine.
- In a medium sized bowl, combine honey, vinegar, oil, and eggs. Whisk to combine.
- Pour wet ingredients into dry ingredients and combine evenly. Spray muffin tin with non-stick cooking spray.
- Bake rolls at 350 degrees for 12-15 minutes, depending on your oven.


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Cavanagh Perham Lakeside Club Champion
PERHAM — Bob Cavanagh was named the 2014 Perham Lakeside Golf Club Champion after winning the end of season tournament.
Cavanagh's title follows up a run at the Pine to Palm tournament in which he garnered the runner-up trophy in the Mid-Am division.
2014 Perham Lakeside Golf
Club Championship Payouts
Championship Flight
1st Gross – Bob Cavanagh
2nd Gross – Jeff Tweeton
3rd Gross – Wayne Caughey
4th Gross – Kim Anderson
President's Flight
1st Gross – Dave Schultz
T-2nd Gross – Steve Hietala
T-2nd Gross - Dean Bahls
Senior Flight
1st Gross – Murry Rafferty
T-2nd Gross – Tom Maleitzke
T-2nd Gross – Dwight Olson
1st Net – Dudley Butts
2nd Net – Steve Melgard
Super Senior Flight
1st Gross – Duane Engebretson
2nd Gross – Chooch Johnson
1st Net – Ron Bleich
2nd Net – Art Riepe


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Men masturbate just as surely as the sun rises and sets, both celestial creatures of habit in a world where not a lot makes sense. For the sun, its purpose is to provide warmth. For men, our purpose is to procure that warm feeling that comes along with pulling on oneself until all of our worries melt away like icicles in the spring. But what if the worst possible scenario were to occur? Forget a nuclear scenario, we're talking Defcon Zero type shit; what if masturbation were made illegal? Your "white" would suddenly be a punishable offense much like cocaine is. But what would actually happen?
Photo credit: isforinsects, Flickr
Professional sports are already drenched in testosterone and machismo. Without the ability to blow off a little steam at home while mired in a hitless streak, I'm fairly certain that sporting events would become bloodbath showcases. Take a sport like football, which is already a violent display, then tell Ray Lewis or Brian Urlacher that he can't jerk it anymore. They'd count the fatalities on the scoreboard and they'd be scored like safeties.
Men don't masturbate only because it feels like Christmas morning. They also do it because it's a stress reliever that doesn't involve lighting anything on fire (from candles to Sour Diesel Kush). Without the ability to do that, marijuana would have to become legal. Did you ever wonder why people in Southern California were so docile; it's because they can smoke weed and tug on their skin boards legally.
I've never been one to protest anything, not because I consider myself a nihilist, but because I often times don't feel informed enough spout off at the mouth. In the case of an outlaw on jerkin' off, I'd go to the God-damn end of the Earth to tell someone about my displeasure with the decision. I could just picture a bunch of unshaven guys sitting in front of the lotion factory, using that greasy opus, Lubriderm, as their rallying cry. "Hell no, we must stroke!"
Masturbation is better than a throat-full of Ambien chased by a bottle of Two Buck Chuck. Without the ability to go "nighty-night" with a little "fisty-dick," men would walk around like fatigued zombies.
Ten. Nine. Eight. Seven. Six. Five. Four. Three. Two. One… blast off. Without the ability to rid the body of all that sticky rocket fuel, when given the opportunity to release the propellant in a more traditional fashion (with another person), it would be over in a matter of seconds, and probably cause the other person to be shot clear across the room.
Conventional wisdom tells us that a 99 percent of a man's thought revolve around sexual maneuvers, and whether he could pull them off on every single woman of age that crosses their path. That leaves only 1 percent to concentrate on things that keep him alive; eating, sleeping, bathing, working etc. Without the tool necessary to stave off those sexual desires, men would essentially be a one trick pony like a GPS device. Where as that tells you where something is, a man would only be good for telling women that "he has a penis, and he needs to use it."
Ask any man the first thing he thinks about when that person in his life who is really in charge of his daily routine (girlfriend, wife, mother) (fix this, hold this, eat this) leaves for an hour or two. I'll help you out. "I'm gonna work myself over for at least twenty-minutes, then I'm going to make a sandwich." Without the ability to make masturbation an appetizer, guys don't really need any free time. In all honesty, a guy's whole life is just tiny moments in between whacking off.
(Originally published on December 14, 2011.)


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Ottava Rima Poems. Below are examples of ottava rima poems. This list of poems in the ottava rima form of poetry is made of PoetrySoup member poems. PoetrySoup is a great resource for examples of ottava rima poems or a list of ottava rima poetry. These examples illustrate what ottava rima poems look like and its form. There is also a link below to the definition of ottava rima and a page where you can discuss it.
The ottava rima poem sub-topics listed below include many popular topics of ottava rimapoetry.
The poem(s) are below...
Note: The forms for these new poems were selected by the poet. Often poems are assigned the wrong form. Please confirm the accuracy of the poetic form before referencing the poem.


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On a bitter afternoon, beside a crackling log fire, conversation turns to the pressing matter of wood deliveries. The middle room of The Royal Oak at Fritham is so snug that the enormous fireplace feels like an extension, yet this modest room has come to be known as the unofficial Parliament of the New Forest.
The Verderers, guardians of the forest since the 13th century, chew the fat – and award-winning pork pies – with the Commoners whose livestock roams the land. With the on-off privatisation of English forests in the news, the discussions will surely become more heated, although the pub couldn't be any toastier.
The Royal Oak, a free house dating back to the 1600s, is part of a 50-acre working farm, also run by landlords Neil and Pauline McCulloch.
A thatched cottage with 19th-century red-brick additions, its diminutive dimensions – three small rooms with low-beamed ceilings – are surprisingly light and airy.
Cyclists, dog walkers and horsey types intermingle and the beer garden looks out over undulating pasture.
They don't serve fancy food here – and none in the evenings – but the ploughman's lunch (£7) has been elevated to an art form.
The cheeses are local, with the honest exception of the Stilton; home‑cooked gammon comes from Wiltshire; mackerel fillets from fishmongers in Salisbury; coarse pâté is home-made, as is the crusty bread, plum or real-ale chutney, horseradish and cider mustard.
There's no chef-ing as such, just the freshest, local ingredients lovingly assembled. Duck breasts, cured and smoked over cherry wood at the pub are the most expensive item on the menu at £7.50. Destination pork pies from Uptons of Bassett have light melting pastry and properly porky pork, and are served with red-cabbage coleslaw and sliced pickled onion.
It's the perfect food to show off the seven cask-conditioned ales, mostly from within a 40-mile radius. Three quaffable regulars are all from Hampshire; fruity Ringwood Best and citrusy Double Drop (both 3.8%), the latter from the new Flack Manor Brewery, and malty Bowman's Royal Oak (4%), named after the pub.
The upscale wine list is short and to the point, featuring crowd-pleasers plummy Los Boldos merlot from Chile and grapefruity Selaks sauvignon blanc from New Zealand.
When a pub is this far off the beaten track yet this busy, it's trying to tell you something. "We like to keep things simple," Pauline says.
In 2009, The Good Pub Guide deemed this unpretentious hostelry the best country pub in Britain.
- The Royal Oak, Fritham, Lyndhurst, Hampshire (02380 812606)


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As the first full trading week in 2013 began, investors decided to cash in some of the gains made in last week's rally.
But despite the FTSE 100 suffering a bout of profit taking, banking shares were heading higher after winning concessions from regulators over the amount of capital they must hold.
They have been given four more years to build up their cash buffers against another Northern Rock-style collapse, as well as being granted more flexibility over the range of assets they can include, the Basel committee of banking supervisors announced on Sunday. Gary Greenwood at Shore Capital said:
UK banks had already built up very strong liquidity buffers over recent years in response to local regulatory pressure and, as such, were well positioned to meet the original requirements. Indeed their position had become so strong that the UK regulator recently relaxed its own liquidity requirements for UK banks in a bid to boost lending. As such, we think the extended timeframe will not have a significant incremental impact on them. However, the change in asset eligibility should allow UK banks to hold more higher margin liquid assets, thereby bolstering profitability and return on equity.
Overall the relaxation of Basel III liquidity rules will be helpful to UK banks in terms of their ability to lend and their profit generation capability, in our view.
So Barclays was 10.5p better at 287.2p, the biggest riser in the leading index, while Lloyds Banking Group was lifted 0.64p to 50.5p and Royal Bank of Scotland rose 0.1p to 333.9p.
Overall though, after touching a near two year high last week, the FTSE 100 finished 25.26 points lower at 6064.58. Angus Campbell, head of market analysis at Capital Spreads, said:
Banking stocks were in demand today following the postponement of the Basel liquidity rules despite a small sell off in the wider market. It is certainly a sigh of relief for the banks who've been worrying for years about the impending implementation of stricter capital requirements and is actually quite encouraging for the wider economy as it should improve the flow of credit to businesses and consumers.
But with many investors back from their long festive holiday, it was the turn of the bears to bring a little reality check to what has so far been a very strong start to the year for equity markets.
Analyst downgrades were responsible for a number of fallers. National Grid led the FTSE fallers, down 17p to 694p as Deutsche Bank repeated its sell recommendation although it raised its target price from 580p to 600p:
We believe National Grid will be required to give up part of its dividend or growth expectations in 2013.
Commodity companies across the board came under pressure, with Randgold Resources down 100p to £58.75 as precious metal prices fell and Davy Research cut its price target on the company from £83.40 to £82.30.
Elsewhere Rolls-Royce lost 13.5p to 904.5p after further corruption allegations while Centrica closed 7.1p lower at 333.9p after reports that the managing director of its British Gas subsidiary was to step down.
But British American Tobacco added 19.5p to £31.94 after Deutsche Bank moved from hold to buy, while the bank was also positive on Imperial Tobacco, up 11p to £24.54. It said:
Though BAT and Imperial made good underlying progress during 2012, the stocks came under pressure from an increased investor focus on regulatory matters. Now that plain packaging is a fact in Australia, and the main elements of proposed EU changes are known, we think important overhangs should clear. Imperial Tobacco, where we see signs that an increased focus on organic growth is starting to work, remains our top pick. We also upgrade our recommendation on BAT to buy (with a price target of £33) as we consider the current price an solid entry point to a high-quality stock.
Morrisons lost 0.8p to 256.1p as it reported a 2.5% fall in Christmas sales, but managed to avoid a feared profits warning.
ITV ended 1.1p higher at 109.6p after Liberum Capital lifted its share price target from 145p to 155p and its earnings forecast for this year and next by around 5% and 8% respectively. Analyst Ian Whittaker said:
Significant 2013 earnings growth [is] already in the bag. Even with no TV advertising growth and £20m of extra investments, ITV should see an estimated £80m uplift in adjusted pretax profit growth in 2013 from further efficiencies, savings in sports rights and interest costs already secured and higher profit contribution from non-TV advertising sources.
ITV should benefit from the Group M/Channel 4 dispute. WPP's Group M unit (which is the umbrella unit for all of WPP's media buying) has pulled virtually all of its direct advertising from ITV's main rival Channel 4 over a dispute over pricing. As ITV1 (and ITV Family in general) is Channel 4's main rival for mass market audiences, we expect ITV to be a major beneficiary of the dispute. To put in context, Group M spends an estimated £300m annually with Channel 4 sales.
Among the mid-caps Bumi Resources, the Indonesian coal miner in the middle of an internecine battle, bounced 19.8p to 288.5p despite saying weak prices had forced it to cut back spending plans. It said Berau, which will be its main subsidiary once the founding Bakrie family exits the business, was on track to reach 21m tonnes in 2012 with a 30m tonne target in the medium term. Meanwhile financier Nat Rothschild continued his dispute with the Bakrie family by calling for a general meeting to remove 12 of the 14 current directors. Bumi said it had no obligation to call such a meeting but would do so to allow shareholders to make their own minds up.
Engineering group Renishaw, a supplier to Apple, fell 72p to £19.50 after UBS moved its recommendation from buy to neutral. The bank said:
We think Renishaw's machine tools have been a beneficiary of Apple's latest product developments, specifically the re-modelled iPhone and iPad. Equipping Apple with the required tooling has been a boon for Renishaw but this activity is lumpy and we suspect Renishaw enters a 'quiet' period between product cycles. This may make it difficult to repeat the 15% plus upgrades seen in 2012 in our view.
Having been the best performer in UK capital goods in 2012 we think Renishaw's shares may struggle to make further ground without clarity on its end-markets. We find judging momentum at Renishaw more difficult than normal. On balance, we think the absence of further electronics project orders in the near term will outweigh the potential broad-based improvement in industrial demand that may be seen elsewhere in sector. We downgrade to neutral but this is one to revisit later.
Soft drinks group Nichols, best known as the maker of Vimto, bubbled up 33p to 858p after it said full year sales had risen 9% to £108m. The company, which is also behind Sunkist and Panda, said profits and earnings for the year would be ahead of market expectations. Investec raised its target price from 725p to 800p, saying:
The group has continued to drive distribution of the core Vimto brand, as well as successfully launch a range of WeightWatchers soft drinks which has added around £2m to UK revenue.
Investec said the company's shares were likely to have benefited from takeover speculation following the recent merger announcement from rivals Britvic and AG Barr.
Finally oil and gas company Ruspetro slumped 15.5p to 68p after a late update on Friday, after the market had closed. The company warned of production delays due to unexpected technical problems at its West Siberian sites.