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The Story of Paul Kammerer, is Lamarckism Dead?
Ellen Myers
Darwinian evolution was already the accepted paradigm when young Paul Kammerer set out to show that not Darwinism plus "Mendelism" but rather Lamarckism, the inheritance of acquired characteristics, was the key to biological progress and transformation of species. With this purpose he carried on experiments with newts, sea squirts and midwife toads (Alytes) at the internationally respected Institute for Experimental Biology of Vienna, Austria, from 1903 till after World War I. Kammerer considered his work with sea squirts most significant, but the scientific community paid more attention to his reported success with growing "nuptial pads" on male midwife toads. These animals normally mate on land and are named "midwife" toads because the males wrap the egg strings laid by the females around their hind legs and carry them about for several weeks until they hatch. Kammerer forced them to mate in water by raising the temperature in his aquarium. He then reported that the males developed small wart-like patches on their normally smooth forelimbs the better to cling to the females during mating. Such nuptial pads are found in many water-breeding toads. In addition, Kammerer claimed, subsequent generations of Alytes males came equipped with nuptial pads by inheritance from their fathers.
His Lamarckist claims sorely puzzled orthodox Darwinians. Had not August Weismann proven Lamarckism wrong in the 1880s by cutting off the tails of 1,592 mice through twenty-two generations without ever once producing the birth of tailless mice. Even when Kammerer published photographs of Alytes forelimbs with nuptial pads and brought a midwife toad specimen to Cambridge where England's scientific elite could see it displayed in 1923, most Darwinists remained uncommitted. To Kammerer's chagrin William Bateson, his most stubborn and outspoken opponent, even contended that the alleged nuptial pad "was no nuptial pad at all, but just a spot of black pigment." (Kammerer, 1924, p 63)
There were some dissidents. Dr Thornton Gardiner. professor of zoology at Cambridge, said that "Kammerer begins where Darwin left off;' Another British scientist enthused that Kammerer might have made "the greatest biological discovery of the century." (Koestler, 1971, p.91) After World War Kammerer, like dismembered and defeated Austria fallen on hard times, resigned from the Biological Institute and went on lecture tours to support his family. These tours, mostly in Europe and two in the United States, were very successful. Newspaper reporters became interested, and sensational headlines appeared in staid England as well as excitable America . B. Watson of Johns Hopkins University and the founder of the behaviorist school of psychology wrote that
Professor Kammerer's work on the inheritance of acquired characteristics has startled the world His results are in the forefront of discussion today in biological circles. We all want to believe his facts if they are true. It means so much to the educator, to society in general, if they are true. (Koestler, 1971, pp.92-93)
Kammerer himself was motivated by the hope the Lamarckian evolutionist model seemed to offer for the education and improvement of mankind (Kammerer, 1924, pp.30-32 and passim). In addition to his lecture tours and the resulting journalistic publicity he wrote a hefty book, The Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics, first published in English translation in New York in 1924 (the German original appeared in Stuttgart in 1925).
This same wishful thinking about Lamarckism also inspired the Soviet government. Because Communism sees man as the product of his environment. in particular economic conditions, the Russian Communist Party elite embraced Lamarckism as its official creed, In 1925 it offered Kammerer a professorship at the University of Moscow. Kammerer, a staunch socialist and atheist, was not loath to accept though not immediately moving to Russia, perhaps for private reasons (a love affair, Koestler, 1971, pp.117-119).
One fact which raised questions in the minds of Western scientists was that Kammerer had never allowed any of his peers to check and verify his actual work directly and personally since it was first published in 1919. Only in early 1926 did he finally permit Professor C Kingsley Noble of the American Museum of Natural History in New York and Dr. Hans Przibram of the University of Vienna and his erstwhile boss or the Institute for Experimental Biology to personally examine the last remaining specimen of his midwife toads. Noble and Przibram mode o stunning discovery While the toad's forelimbs showed no evidence whatever of nuptial pads, they did show a copious injection of black ink under the skin. Noble and Przibram reported their findings in the prestigious international journal Nature on August 7, 1926. setting off an academic bombshell.
In the midst of the uproar over this exposure of fraud Kammerer was busy shipping scientific equipment and personal belongings to Moscow, apparently preparing to move there and assume his new post. However, on September 22, 1926 he wrote a letter to the Moscow Academy of Science in which he resigned his position. In it he also affirmed that he himself had not injected coloring into the midwife toad specimen, nor had he painted a salamander also discovered doctored with black ink. He expressed the hope that he would find courage to end his life which had been hopelessly destroyed by what had happened. He also explained that he had kept sending things to Moscow because, first, he wonted to keep his intention secret from his family, and second, he wanted to leave his library to the Communist Academy after his death in compensation for any troubles he had caused them (Kammerer in Science 64, 1926, 493-494). The next day he shot himself through the head in a Vienna suburb.
Kammerer's suicide confirmed the fraudulence of his experiments and the bankruptcy of Lamarckism to the scientific community in the West. The Soviet Union, however, set out to vindicate him as a hero of the people victimized by villainous capitalists. A Soviet film, Salamandra, was produced under the sponsorship of Anatoly Lunacharsky, then Soviet Commissar of Education. The film featured a brief appearance by the Commissar himself as well as Madame Lunacharsky in the female lead. It ended with Kammerer's triumphant arrival in the Soviet Union, land of the honest and the free. (Goldschmidt in Science 109, June 1949, 220-222) Lamarckism survived in the Soviet Union as its compulsory official doctrine for nearly forty years, until its champion, the inept and dictatorial Trofim Lysenko, was finally dismissed from his post as director of the Soviet Academy of Sciences Institute of Genetics in February 1965 (William Broad and Nicholas Wade, 1982, pp. 186-191).
Interest in the Kammerer story has periodically recurred in the literature. What kind of person was Kammerer? Was he ever a trustworthy scientist? If he himself did not commit the fraud, who did? The last question has never been answered. Even Kammerer's defender Arthur Koestler. whose book The Case of the Midwife Toad is the most detailed study of Kammerer and his work, admits the possibility that Kammerer
might hove done it. Not before the journey into the lions' den in Cambridge, but later on, some time after his return. The possibility cannot be entirely excluded that he did the injecting himself in a moment of despair in the unstable state of mind of his last year [he might not even have thought that to "restore' the pad which had once been there would be a crime. The history of science abounds in examples of correcting nature in a good cause (Koestler, 1971, p 107, p 124).
Lester P Aronson whose survey of what graduate students knew about Kammerer was cited above takes issue with Koestler in his 1975 article "The Case of the Case of the Midwife Toad." He believes that
Koestler's claims and charges should not be taken lightly. They come, unfortunately, at a time when the antiscience movement is growing (Newell, 974), and many young people are searching for arguments to reject the system although they have no realistic alternatives (Aronson, 1975. p.116)
Aronson equates Darwinian / neo-Darwinian evolutionism with science as his reference to N D Newel's 1974 article "Evolution under Attack" (Natural History 33 (4):32-39) makes clear. He then gives specific refutations of some of Koestler's charges and conjectures. For example, he rejects Koestler's attempt to have the India ink stain in the doctored Alytes specimen reproduced in order to show the fraud could not nave been perpetrated before 1926. This was futile, says Aronson. for "I can easily imagine the ink being injected on more than one occasion" (p120). He denies that the scientists at Cambridge who examined the specimen failed to note the deception, quoting a 1959 book by Dr. Graham Cannon cited by Derek Freeman (the Australian scientist who exposed Margaret Mead) in his 1972 offer to the New Scientist. "Bateson, Cannon says, examined the specimen with a hand lens (in April 1923) and remarked, "It looks to me like a spot of ink."' (p. 120) Koestler could nave learned as much from Kammerer himself as shown above. Aronson also refers to unpublished papers in the personal file of Professor Noble to show that while Koestler did not believe Kammerer had committed the fraud, other biologists at the time did. Thus a letter to Noble
from the renowned geneticist of Columbia University, Thomas Hunt Morgan, dated October 11, 1926, reads in part, "Kammerer has done one more dirty trick in trying to put the fraud over on to one of his assistants. Remember that this is not the first time. either, that he has been caught. and all responsible people will, I think, draw the same conclusion.' . From a revealing handwritten note to Noble. dated November 15, 1926. from the Viennese biologist Professor Franz Werner, we read in broken English. `You have no doubt done a good work to have unveiled the true nature of Kammerer at least to science. We have never had confidence in him at all, and myself. who has known him still as a boy. knows best, how many lies he has put in the world during his life. . `(p 121)
Aronson also denies Koestler's charge that the scientific community was remiss in not repeating Kammerer's main experiments, referring to several unsuccessful attempts to do so, one to the "definitive report" by Munro Fox in 1924 [pp. 122-23]. Richard Goldschmidt stands somewhere between Koestler and Aronson in his reminiscences of the Kammerer affair, yet is convinced that Kammerer's work was fraudulent. He tries to excuse Kammerer on the grounds that he was not really a professional scientist but basically an amateur ["Aquarianer"). He writes:
In the discussion of these claims [on the midwife toad], statements were found in Kammerer's papers which did not tally. There had not been sufficient time, according to his own records, for the generations he claimed to have bred [Goldschmidt, 1949, 221)
This statement is not found in Koestler. After telling how Noble found India ink in Kammerer's specimen, and of Kammerer's suicide, Goldschmidt continues:
[Kammerer) then conceived the idea that he could prove the inheritance of acquired characters and became so obsessed with this idea that he "improved' upon his records. I have reason to believe, from what I have seen in his laboratory, that he continued his experiments, which ended by the death of the specimens, by starting again with similar looking animals. His "Aquarianer mind did not consider this wrong. He simply did not know what an experiment amounted to. In later years he probably became so absorbed with the necessity for proving his claims that he started inventing results or "doctoring' them. Though the actual results of all this amounted to falsification, I am not certain that he realized it and intended it. [ibid.)
Alma Mahler-Werfel who worked for a short time as laboratory assistant to Kammerer agreed in her memoirs with Goldschmidt's judgment, reporting that
I kept records, and did so very exactly. But this did not please Kammerer' an inexact record with a positive result would have pleased him more. I do not say that there was something fraudulent in him: no, he desired the results of his research so ardently [to be in his favor) that he could unconsciously depart from the truth. This also explains to me his later procedure and the charge of the English research institutes that "the results of his experiments proved invalid upon being examined further.' On that occasion the mimicry of salamanders was the subject. This experiment, too, which I helped test was published too quickly and not sufficiently observed. [Mahler-Wertfl, 196Q, p.54)
Anyone concerned for honest science must reject both "amateurishness" and especially "obsessive desire for favorable results" as excuses for Kammerer's practices
Though Kammerer failed to prove Lamarckism, many persons of note shared and still share his rejection of Darwinism, quite apart from creationists [who. of course, also reject Lamarckism or any evolutionist theory). Among the older generation Sigmund Freud, Samuel Butler. and William McDougall were staunch Lamarckists. Darwin himself was of two minds about Lamarck: he gave examples of alleged inheritance of acquired characteristics in his 1868 Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication and wrote to Francis Galton in 1875 that
each year he found himself more compelled to revert to the inheritance of acquired characteristics because chance variations and natural selection alone were apparently insufficient to explain the phenomena of evolution if Lamarckism was a superstition, Darwin shared it. (Koestler, 1971, pp.32-33)
Darwin even inserted a new Lamarckian chapter into the sixth edition of The Origin of Species in defense against objections to his original theory raised by Fleeming Jenkin. Only the rediscovery of Gregor Mendel's work in genetics in 1900 shored up faltering Darwinism. Chance genetic viable mutations plus natural selection were accepted as the evolutionist mechanism by neo-Darwinists. This synthesis too, was scorned by notable scientists such as Professor C. H. Waddington who
compared the theory of evolution by chance mutations to throwing bricks together in heaps' in the hope that they would `arrange themselves into an inhabitable house'; and as for natural selection it `in fact merely amounts to the statement that the individuals which leave most offspring are those which leave most offspring. It is a tautology.' (Koestler, 1971, n. 30, taken from The Listener. London, Feb.13, 1952)
William Bateson. Kammerer's nemesis, started his career with Lamarckism but turned to Darwin-plus-Mendel when failing to prove the inheritance of acquired characteristics during a protracted expedition to Central Asia. However, toward the end of his life he came to regret his commitment to "Mendelism" as well, thinking it "a blind alley which would not throw any light on the differentiation of species, nor on evolution in general." (ibid., pp. 121 and 126) Kammerer had said as much, even asserting that Darwin-plus-Mendelism only re-established the hated biblical fixity of species in new dress (Kammerer, 1924, pp. 253-258).
Numerous non-creationist scientists from the 1950s to the 80s have also been skeptical about all forms of Darwinism. They postulate some sort of "holistic" evolutionism as does Koestler, and/or evolution by latent or conscious "upward striving." These beliefs marked the famous "vitalist" evolutionism of Henri Bergson, George Bernard Shaw, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (who combined it with "God-talk"). and also Kammerer (see Kammerer, 1924, pp. 258, 264-265, 281, 284-285 etc.). They are all Lamarckist in that they presuppose a formative impact of the environment upon the organism which carries over into inheritance and transformation of species They all and for that matter non-theistic Darwinist evolutionists as well believe with Kammerer in the "miraculous oneness of living nature" (Kammerer, ibid. p 33). which allows conclusions about man based upon experiments with animals and plants and is "holistic" to the core. As yet the "holistic" evolutionists have not come up with scientific mechanisms plausibly accounting for their views, though they theorize about holistic or regional force fields and/or evolutionary changes in embryonic stages.
The theory of "punctuated equilibrium" proposed as an alternative to Darwinism as well as to holism and vitalism is also essentially Lamarckist in that it proposes evolutionary change by sudden, revolutionary, genetic mega-leaps due to catastrophic environmental changes or events which affect an organism's genetic make-up. Such mega-leaps are thought to "punctuate" normal long periods of "stasis" or absence of evolutionary change. This theory now bids fair to replace obsolescent Darwinism. It is atheistic. It does not violate the well established laws of genetics in that the direct agent of change is still genetic mutation. It takes account of the lack of intermediate evolutionary forms in the fossil record, the great stumbling block far Darwinism. It even agrees with Marxism-Communism in its emphasis upon revolutionary overthrow of existing conditions and, yes, the dependence of organisms including man upon the environment. It is no accident that one of this theory's chief proponents, Stephen Jay Gould of Harvard, is a Marxist, and that today's "New Age" leaders, intent upon the transformation of mankind into one united whole as the next evolutionary leap, favor it (Ferguson, 1980, pp.159 and 162) Kammerer, too, shared this intent. As Martin Gardner said, Lamarckism combines "easily with political doctrines which emphasize the building of a better world" (Gardner, 1952, p 143) Lamarckism, though scientifically impossible even in its new garb (all arguments against evolution by chance mutations would also count against punctuated equilibrium's mega-mutatians), did not die with Kammerer, for if Darwinism cannot account for evolution only Lamarckism is left though it can't either. Truly evolutionism in all its forms is in crisis today and creationists stand vindicated after all.
Aronson, Lester R., `The Case of the Midwife Toad ` Behavior Genetics, Vol.5, No.2, 1975, 115-125
Goldschmidt, Richard B "Resesarch and Politics," Science 109, 1949, 219-227
Kammerer, Paul, "Letter to the Moscow Academy;' Science 64, 1926, 493-494.
Noble. G. K., "Kammerer's Alytes," Nature CXVIII, August 7,1926, 209-210.
Przibram, Hans, "Kammerer's Alytes" (2) Nature CXVIII, August 7, 1926, 210-211.
Broad,William. and Nicholas Wade, Betrayers of the Truth. New York: Simon and Schuster. 1982
Ferguson, Marilyn. The Aquarian Conspiracy. Personal and Social Transformation in the 1980s. Los Angeles, CA: J. P. Tarcher Inc., 1980
Gardner. Martin, In the Name of Science. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1952
Kammerer, Paul. The Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics. New York: Boni and Liveright Publishers, 1924
Koestler, Arthur, The Case of the Midwife Toad. London 1971
Mahler-Werfel, Alma, Mein Leben . Fischer Verlag 1960
Silverberg, Robert, Scientists and Scoundrels. New York 1965


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Hafiz Saeed rears his ugly head, warns of bloodshed
Hafiz Saeed, the Pakistani Islamist leader accused of masterminding the 2008 Mumbai massacre, said India was trying to destabilise Pakistan and predicted violence in the disputed region of Kashmir could get "ugly". Pak silent on request for flag meetingworld Updated: Jan 12, 2013 02:51 IST
Hafiz Saeed, Lashkar-e-Taiba founder and 26/11 mastermind, is at it again. In a telephone interview to Reuters on Friday, he predicted violence in Kashmir could get "ugly" and accused India of trying to destabilise Pakistan.
This comes two days after HT wrote, based on an intelligence report, that Saeed was stirring up trouble at the Line of Control (LoC) just a week before the brutal killing of two Indian soldiers in Jammu's Poonch district. He was inciting Lashkar's border action teams — which are said to extend a helping hand to Pakistani army regulars — to step up activity along the LoC, the report said.
Continuing his tirade against India, Saeed told Reuters: "They want to escalate the violence to avoid a permanent resolution … This border tension can turn into an ugly situation like a war and we want to avoid it."
"We don't want any force to be used or any military operation. But the Indians are opting for the other alternative," he added. He also denied allegations he'd recently visited Kashmir, potentially to incite action against India.
Saeed accused India of trying to disrupt the peace process and dragging its feet on Kashmir. "This is their usual practice. Betraying the international community and destabilising Pakistan. And that's what they are doing this time."
"Whenever the peace process starts, something comes up from the Indian side to disrupt it."
Saeed went on to blame New Delhi for this week's bombings in Quetta that left 82 dead. "Whether it's ethnic problems, provisional unrest, religious target killings and the Sunni-Shia issue, the planning and execution of such attacks have been managed by Indian intelligence agencies," he said.
(Reuters With HTC inputs)

subset: commoncrawl


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Tyler Perry's The Haves And The Have Nots
Featuring Palmer E. Williams Jr., Patrice Lovely, Tony Hightower, Alexis Jones, Maurice Lauchner, Jeffery Lewis and Kislyck Hallsey
This fall Tyler Perry presents a riotously funny and equally poignant stage play - The Haves and The Have Nots. The story follows the life of a wealthy family who has everything they need and most of what they want. The characters are often preoccupied with superficial things, until they are forced to become involved with their housekeeper. When the poverty-stricken maid is forced to ask for help, the family gets a chance to see how the other half lives. While coming to the rescue of the needy, it soon becomes painfully clear, who is really in need of saving. The Haves And The Have Nots stars Palmer Williams Jr. and a supporting cast of powerhouse singers and comedians. The powerful stage play features brand new music written by Tyler Perry, and delivers enough laughs to keep audiences laughing for the rest of the year. Don't miss Tyler Perry's The Haves And The Have Nots, roaring into Richmond this Fall.
- Event Info
- Oct 28 - 30 , 2011
All seats one price!
Friday at 8pm: $34.00
Saturday at 3pm: $34.00
Saturday at 8pm: $41.00
Sunday at 3pm: $37.00
Tickets available at the Landmark Theater Box Office, Richmond CenterStage Box Office, charge by phone at 1-800-514-3849 (ETIX) or online at Etix.com, the Landmark Theater's new ticketing partner.
- $34.00-$41.00
- Buy Tickets »
Event Showings
- Add to cal Friday, October 28, 2011 8:00 PM
- Add to cal Saturday, October 29, 2011 3:00 PM
- Add to cal Saturday, October 29, 2011 8:00 PM
- Add to cal Sunday, October 30, 2011 3:00 PM
Group Sales
Discounts are available for groups of 10 or more for these performances! Why not experience all this fun with 10, 15, 20 or 50 of your closest friends?
Group tickets for October 28 at 8:00pm and October 29 at 3:00pm are $31.00. Group tickets for October 30 at 3:00pm are $34.00. There is no discount for October 29 at 8pm.
Please contact our Group Sales Office at firstname.lastname@example.com or 804.592-3401 to place your order today! We provide preferred seating for your entire group which enables everyone to sit together. We offer discounted ticket prices while avoiding additional ticketing service charges and fees (excluding a one-time $8 processing fee). We offer one-on-one communication and once we receive your order and payment, tickets are sent directly to you.


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Janssen Biotech, Inc., a member of Johnson & Johnson's Family of Companies, is recruiting for an Oncology Sales Specialist, Hematology, to support the Springfield, Illinois territory; which includes: Champaign, Bloomington and Peoria in Illinois, as well as Davenport, Iowa City, Cedar Rapids and Waterloo in Iowa.
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National Board Certification serves multiple purposes for teachers in Washington. Like teachers in every state, the National Board Certification process provides a structure that teachers can use to analyze and reflect about their practice. Unlike every state, in Washington, teachers can enroll and certify through the National Board of Professional Teaching Standards as a way to earn second tier certification, a requirement for thousands of teachers in our state.
The Washington State Senate just passed Senate Bill 5607 and this bill is now in the House. 5607 seeks to meet our state's need to fully fund basic education. Buried on page 51 and 52 of the bill is a provision that eliminates the state paid bonus and instead offers ," A school district board of directors may provide a bonus to a certificated instructional staff person who has attained certification from the national board for professional teaching standards." For the 6000 NBCTs in our state and the hundreds that are currently in process, this single sentence creates serious anxiety. According to data provided by the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards, twenty four states do not offer any state level compensation for National Board Certification. Of those twenty four states, fourteen have 1% or fewer NBCTs in their state. For those states dedicating an annual bonus of $4000 or more, the percentage of NBCTs in the state rises dramatically. In Washington, 15% of our teachers are NBCTs. Two other states rival our percentage. South Carolina offers a similar state wide bonus ($5000 per year) and 18% of their teachers are NBCTs. North Carolina, 21% of their teachers are NBCTs, pairs National Board Certification with their state salary schedule. NBCTs receive 12% above base pay. Simply put, states with higher stipends have a larger percentage of NBCTs.
The removal of the state paid bonus will place pressure on local school districts to pay these stipends. Yet, with lack of clarity around how schools will be funded, it becomes even more unclear how districts will be able to fund stipends. Districts that allocate funds to replace the state stipend will inevitably find themselves with a larger proportion of NBCTs than districts that are unable. This feature will create more inequality between districts, not less. In areas with several school districts to choose from, NBCTs will likely consider whether they can afford to remain in a district that cannot support a stipend. Locally bargained stipends will create competition between districts for these accomplished teachers. Simply put, the goal of lawmakers in our state should not be to create this level of competition between districts.
When I began my National Board journey in 2004, there was a small bonus associated with certification. I was in my first five years of teaching and that bonus absolutely incentivized the large amount of work that the process presented. When the bonus increased, more teachers sought certification. These teachers have demonstrated that they:
- Are committed to students and their learning
- Know the subjects they teach and how to teach them to students
- Are responsible for managing and monitoring student learning
- Think systemically about their practice and learn from experience
- Are members of learning communities*
These teachers ordered their financial lives around the promise that our lawmakers would honor their accomplishments. If the goal is to retain quality teachers in the classroom, then perhaps the legislature should reconsider this provision in SB 5607.
*The Five Core Propositions found at http://www.nbpts.org/five-core-propositions


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Go Beyond Red and Round
Eating our rare and delicious heirloom tomatoes is a vivid, pleasing discovery of colors, flavors and textures.
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Eat healthy food and, more importantly, know the origin of that food. Check out our Seven Tenets for Sustainable Production.
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Police constable and family members booked for harassing wife in Thane
The Thane police have booked a police constable from Mumbai and five of his family members for allegedly torturing his wife and reliving her of Rs 90,000 the police said on Monday.
Based on a complaint by the housewife Manisa Vikas Mali (30) of Ulhasnagar, police sub-inspector N D Otari of Ulhasnagar police station said that since her marriage in 2010, her husband and in-laws had been constantly harassing her under some pretext or the other. They also allegedly took away Rs 90,000 from her, the complaint said.
The police officer investigating the case said that nobody has been arrested in connection with the offence.
The names of the accused are Vikas Mali, Usha Uttam Mali, Uttam Mali, Dighambar Mali and Mithun Mali from Satara.
The other family members lived in the police colony in Mumbai the complaint stated, and added that the victim lived in Ulhasnagar.
The police has booked the five under Sections 498(a), 406, 504, 506, read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code, the police added.


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This Stihl Backpack Blowerservice manual contains detailed descriptions of all the typical repair and servicing procedures for this power tool. As the design concept of models BR 500, BR 550 and BR 600 is almost identical, the descriptions and servicing procedures in this manual generally apply to all three models. Differences are described in detail.
This Service Repair Manual Covers:
Clutch, Chain Drive, Chain Brake And Chain Tensioner
Ignition System
Rewind Starter
AV Handle System
Master Control / Handle System
Chain Lubrication
Fuel System
Special Servicing Tools And Aids
A Download Link will appear after you use one of the buttons below..
File Format: PDF
Compatible: All Versions of Windows & Mac
Language: English


text: Press in Yemen faces the Risk of Eradication On World Press Freedom Day: 17 Yemeni journalists remain behind bars under inhumane conditions, one facing death sentenceImage Gallary The international community should stand by the Yemeni journalists in their distress in which they stand without any supporter against repression and abuse Mwatana Organization for Human Rights – Yemen – May 3, 2017 Mwatana Organization for Human Rights said that the press and its institutions in Yemen have been subjected to horrific violations since the outbreak of the violent conflict in the country after the fall of the Yemeni capital in the grip of the armed group of Ansar Allah (Houthis) and the forces loyal to former President Ali Abdullah Saleh in late September 2014. The patterns of violations and methods of abuse experienced by the press and its staff for more than two years varied between arbitrary arrests, enforced disappearances, raids over media centers, newspaper closures and confiscation, and unfair trials, one of which led to the death penalty. In its statement on the occasion of World Press Freedom Day, "Mawtana" warned that the continuation of systematically violent and repressive practices against journalists and their institutions and means would lead to the extinction of the profession of journalism and the elimination of the remaining margin of freedom of expression that existed in Yemen before the war. The armed group of Ansar Allah (Houthis) and the forces of the former Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh topped the list of violations of press and media freedom in the country. Ansar Alsharea Ansar Al-Sharea extremist group in Taiz governorate also took a repressive and hostile attitude towards the press and its staff in Yemen. Mawtana demanded the authority of Ansar Allah and its ally, Saleh, who has the largest record of violations of press freedoms, to quickly stop its violations against journalists and the press profession. It also urged all parties to immediately cease all repressive practices that threaten the work of journalists and limit their freedom. While it still detains 17 Yemeni journalists arbitrarily, including at least one journalist who remains forcibly disappeared for more than two years, and while those journalists were subjected to torture at varying intervals, the Ansar Allah and Saleh authorities have recently issued a death sentence against journalist Yahya Abdulraqeeb Al-Jubeihi, who has been detained by Ansar Allah in its prisons for more than seven months in Sana'a. On Wednesday morning, 12 April 2017, the competent criminal court in Sana'a, which is under the control of the authorities of Houthis and former President Saleh, released "a death sentence of journalist Yahya Al-Jubeihi for his espionage in favor of a foreign state" after a hearing that did not exceed 15 minutes, and where the lawyer of Al-Jubeihi was denied of pleading and access to any documents, according to information verified by "Mawtana". Mwatana Organization for Human Rights said that it has a sense of increased risks due to this dangerous precedent committed by the authority of Ansar Allah (Houthis) and its ally, former president Ali Abdullah Saleh, by using the judiciary, which is completely controlled by them, for abusing and torturing its opponents of the staff of the profession of journalism and opinion makers. Radhya Al-Mutawakil, the head of Mwatana Organization for Human Rights, said: " Defacto authority of Ansar Allah and Saleh should swiftly halt their violent attitude against press and press staff, and set free all journalists behind their bars without any conditions or delay. Since September 2014, infringements against freedom of expression rapidly and frightfully escalated and Ansar Allah group has been dominant in this race, however this conduct of violations against freedom of expression has become shared by all parties to the conflict and their affiliated various. According to surveys conducted by "Mwatana" in respect of violations committed against the press profession and its staff since early 2015, 17 journalists remain behind the bars of Houthis and Saleh prisons, some of whom remain forcibly disappeared since March 2015. "Mwatana" also documented the killing of three journalists in air strikes carried out by Saudi-led coalition aircraft, two of whom were killed while they were being held in a building used by Houthis and Saleh's forces as a detention center in the governorate of Dhamar, north of Yemen. According to information and statistics, documented and recorded by "Mwatana" the authority of Ansar Allah (Houthis) and its ally, former president Saleh, has blocked access to at least 36 news websites, raided and stormed more than 14 media and newspapers offices, where during these raids, they seized and confiscated a lot of the properties in these offices, most of which owned by opposing media outlets, some of which are linked with the Yemeni Congregation for Reform Party (Islah). Given the scene of the escalating armed conflict accompanied with severely deteriorated security, "Mwatana" expresses its concerns on the general state of press in the country and calls upon all parties to the conflict to immediately cease their repressive practices towards the right of expression and the press freedoms in Yemen. It also calls upon the international community to assume its responsibilities in order to safeguard and guarantee the right of Yemenis to speak and express their views and to take deterrent punitive measures and actions against all parties and groups involved in violations to journalism and its staff in Yemen.\ Violations Leading to Death: "Mwatana" said that the last two years were the bloodiest and most deadly for journalists in Yemen, where journalists found themselves stuck between the fire and shells of various parties to the conflict. "Mwatana" has investigated about five incidents in which journalists and media staff were targeted while covering the news and performing their work in the field. On January 17, 2016, Al-Muqdad Majali, 34 years, a reporter for IRIN, was killed in an air strike by the Saudi-led Arab coalition forces in the Jaref area, south of the capital Sana'a. The journalist Al-Muqdad was wounded by a missile splinters during his field work in the Jaref area, which was hit by airstrikes by Arab coalition warplanes. He died of his wounds before arriving to hospital. The other three, who were with the journalist Al-Muqdad.; two of them were injured: the driver Abdulbari Al-Sama'i, 24, and one of the residents of the area, Omar Sarub, 25, while TV cameraman, Baher Al-Sharabi, 23, survived any injury. TV cameraman, Baher Al-Sharabi, said to "Mwatana": "As we stood on the rubble left by the bombing, and after we had interviewed witnesses from the area, I've moved away from Al-Muqdad to take some photos for the place, while he was writing some notes, and the driver, Abdulbari Al-Sama'i next to him, I heard the sounds of flying warplanes in the area. I was sure that this place could not be bombed again, because it was totally destroyed, but a huge explosion threw me about three meters away, and then I was amazed to find Al-Muqdad and the driver, Abdalbari, both trying to help the other to stand up. Dust and splinters filled the place. We went to the car, which was away from us, and Al-Muqdad requested to be seated on the ground next to the car. He was seated, and I started to check his body, to find out the injury. He asked me to wrap his left hand which was semi-amputated from the shoulder joint, leaving only one vein linking it to the body". The driver, Abdalbari Al-Sama'i, who was also interviewed by us said: "We heard the explosion about 5 or 6 meters away from me and Al-Muqdad, while the cameraman was in a high place far away from us. We ran towards the car and I noticed a bleeding wound in my left thigh, I have wrapped it while running. Al-Muqdad was also running behind me, while bleeding from a small incision in his mouth, and his clothes were all stained with blood, and I noticed that his left hand was badly injured, and the splinters covering all of his body, and this is the reason why he died in the car on the way to the hospital. At 11 a.m. of April 16, 2016, in "Alhaseb" area in the city of Taiz, the journalist Ahmed Abdul-Latif Al-Shaibani was killed with a shot in the back of his head while he was working amid clashes between Houthis and Saleh forces on one hand and a group of popular resistances on the other hand. The journalist, Al-Shaibani (30 years), was working for 14 October newspaper and a reporter for Aden TV channel, and "Arab 24" news website. "When I and my colleagues Na'ayem Khalid and Nabil Al-Khadairi reached to Alhaseb area, we met Ahmed Al-Shaibani and he was accompanied by Abdulaziz Al-Dubhani," said Afaq Al-Haj, a media reporter for Orient News Channel. She added: We were in a mission for covering news on the fire that broke out in the plastic products plant there. We could not capture photos of the fire or to cover the story because of the heavy shelling and direct and constant sniping at everything that moves in the region. We had only one way to return from there through an open street in front of the eyes of the snipers stationed at Alaraneb hill, controlled by Houthis and overlooking Alhaseb area. Ahmed Al-Shaibani kept encouraging us to move quickly, so we crossed the street to the other side, and Ahmad was the last one of us. When I looked back, I saw him lying on the ground, covered with blood. Two of the resistance fighters asked us to hide in a building there, and they went to drag Ahmed, and they brought him with them. I could not look at him, while Na'ayem was calling him and begging him not to die. Ahmed was moved to the Alrawdah hospital in the city, where he died immediately upon arriving there. At the afternoon of 18 November 2016, the journalist Awab Al-Zubairi, 21, and his brother Aazem, 23, and their colleagues Hossam Al-Kulaia and Dawood Al-Wahbani, were documenting the damage to Al-Askari and the Al-Jahmaliah neighborhoods in Taiz caused by clashes that took place there. When Awab, a journalist with Taiz News Network, entered a building in the Al-Askari neighborhood, he trampled over a landmine laid in the building, which exploded and killed him. "Mwatana" interviewed his brother, Aazem, who stated: We were trying to document the damage in the middle of the Al-Askari area. We had to walk a narrow alley between Al-Razi Laboratories Building and Al-Munir Pharmacy Building. Awab moved first and he did not stop at the end of the alley, but ran to cross the main street as well, and when we, I, Hussam and Dawood, decided to cross the street, there was a huge explosion that left a huge smoky cloud that obscured the vision. I could not believe that the explosion led to the collapse of an entire building. I was looking for a Awab, and when I did not find him, I started to scream: Awab! Awab! My brother! ... people started to gather, and after searching under the rubble, they pulled his body out of there, while his blood was mixed with dirt. He paused a little; and then resumed talking: The pain of losing Awab is still hovering over us, particularly my mother. She is experiencing a very bad psychological condition. According to eyewitnesses interviewed by "Mwatana", this incident occurred as a result of the explosion of a landmine network that was laid in the building that Awab entered, which led to the collapse of the entire building. In the same context, the journalist Mohammed Al-Absi died on Tuesday of 20 December 2016, in mysterious circumstances. On February 2, 2017, the report of the Forensic Pathologist revealed that the death of the investigative journalist, Mohammad Abdo Al-Absi, 35, was "caused by the presence of Carboxyhemoglobin substance in the blood with a percentage of 65%, caused by the inhalation of carbon monoxide gas at a lethal amount. "Mwatana", altogether with Al-Absi family, had previously issued a statement with calling on the concerned authorities to start a transparent and independent investigation into the circumstances of his death, in order to reveal all the reasons and circumstances surrounding the incident. Detention and Causing the Death of Two Journalists by Airstrike The two journalists, Abdullah Kabel, 25, and Yosuf Alaizari, 26, were killed on May 21, 2015 in an airstrike by the coalition warplanes targeted the hotel building where the Houthis detained the two journalists over the top of Harran mountain after being detained in the governorate of Dhamar. They were arrested at a checkpoint of the Republican Guard on Wednesday morning, May 20, 2015 in the downtown of the city of Dhamar, north of Yemen, while they were returning from a media coverage of a tribal event opposing to Houthis in Zarajh area, district of Alhada, governorate of Dhamar. Kabel worked as a reporter for Suhail TV Channel, while Alaizari was working as a reporter for Yemen Youth Channel, both of them are local channels opposing to Houthis. One of the detainees who survived the bombardment, and who was with Kabel and Alaizari since the very moment of their arrest until the moment of the airstrike, which left both of them killed with other detainees who were in the place, told "Mwatana" about the incident. He said to "Mwatana" that he was with Alaizari and Kabel at 9 am on Wednesday, May 20, 2015 to cover an event, and upon their return, they were stopped by a checkpoint controlled by forces loyal to Saleh and Houthis located opposite to Dhamar University. He added: "We were forced to step out of the car in a humiliating manner, and they blindfolded our eyes and took us to underground rooms in a building located at Harran mountain, it was around 12 noon. The doors were closed. After half an hour, two persons stepped in the room and saying that we are informers. At 4 pm one of them stepped in the room with a notebook in his hands, and started to record our personal data (name, address, work, codes of our mobile phones), and after that, we saw no one and we were not called for investigation. The next day, Thursday, May 21 2015, at the afternoon, we were knocking on the doors and screaming, but no one replied to us. At 4:30 pm, we heard the sound of warplanes and we were in a terrifying state. I and Kabel elevated Alaizari to take a look through the small window of the basement and he told us that there is no one. After the first airstrike, which targeted an adjacent building, we moved to the door of the room we were in, and moments later, we were hit by the second airstrike. I was under the rubble unable to move, calling on the others but no answer. I was kept stuck under the rubble for more than an hour until I heard the voices of persons who later I knew that they were working at the Red Crescent. They told me that the others had died in the attack. Brother of the journalist Kabel talked to "Mwatana", saying: One of the persons who were with Kabel and Alaizari in the same car; and Houthis allowed him to leave with two others, has called me and he said that he tracked the Houthis military vehicle that took Kabel, Alaizari and another third person until we reached Harran mountain. At the same day, around 2:30 pm, we tried to visit the place of detention in Harran mountain, but the Houthis did not allow us to enter the area as it is a military zone as they said. The Huthis denied the presence of detainees in that area and swore to us that Abdullah Kabel is in a safe place and that he is not detained in this place. There were increasing rumors that the place might be targeted with bombardment, perhaps because it is used for weapons storage, according to news prevailed among the people at that time. I and relatives of Alaizari visited all all police stations and prisons in the city and did not find them. He added: The day after the bombardment, we went to Dhamar Hospital to find out the victims, and we found one of the survivors, who was in a difficult condition. He told us that he was being detained with my brother Abdullah Kabel and Yusuf Alaizari in an underground room in Harran mountain. Consequently, I, with Alaizari family, again went to the place with heavy machinery to remove the rubble and drag the remaining bodies, but the Houthis guarding the place prevented us from entering the place, where from the day of the airstrike on Friday until Monday, they did not allow the heavy machinery to access into the place to remove the rubble, and only allowed the medical crews to reach the place. On Monday, 25 May 2015, after the communication and pressure on the Houthis leaders, and after communication with the governor, heavy machinery was permitted to access into the place to lift the rubble. After searching for hours, I received a call at around 5:30 pm to inform me that they found the body of my brother Abdullah, and that I must go to Dhamar Hospital to identify the body. At the evening, we have identified the body there and took it with us. On Tuesday, 26 May 2015, at 7 pm, the body of journalist Yusuf Alaizari was identified. Both were buried at the afternoon of Wednesday, May 27, 2015. Marwan Damaj, Secretary General of the Yemeni Journalists Syndicate, has confirmed to "Mwatana" that the Syndicate has contacted with some Houthis leaders when it has known about the place of detention of Kabel and Alaizari and asked the Houthis group not to detain them in that place. The Syndicate held the Houthis responsible for the killing of both Kabel and Alaizari. At a time when "Mwatana" expressed its deep regret and shock at the killing of the two journalists, the organization held Ansar Allah (Houthis) and the coalition forces responsible for the killing of the two journalists, calling for an independent and transparent investigation revealing the circumstances of this crime, particularly after "Mwatana" obtained witness statements claiming that the Houthis used the detention facility as a military barracks. Given the serious violations committed against journalists in Yemen, "Mwatana" organization repeats the advocacy of the international community to establish an independent international commission to document and investigate the violations committed in Yemen, which constitute a flagrant violation of international law, particularly the incidents of the killing of journalists. Arbitrary Detention and Enforced Disappearance: "Mwatana" expresses its concerns on the situation of journalists detained in Yemen by various groups and organizations and calls for immediately release of detained and forcibly disappeared journalists without any delay that may endanger their lives. In its report, "They Are Not Here", "Mwatana" documented dozens of arbitrary arrests and enforced disappearances carried out by Ansar Allah (Houthis) and its ally, former president Ali Abdullah Saleh, against civilians in seven Yemeni governorates, including 10 journalists. In the same report, "Mwatana" demanded Houthis and former President Saleh the immediate release of 9 journalists who were arbitrarily detained behind the bars of the prisons run by the authorities of the two allies, and to reveal the fate of the journalist Wahid Al-Sufi, 41, who still remains forcibly disappeared since 6 April 2015. However, Houthis and Saleh paid no attention to these appeals and demands, but maximized their repressive practices towards journalists, where the number of journalists detained arbitrarily in Houthis prisons increased to 17, as documented and verified by "Mwatana". Detained Journalists: Abdulkhaliq Imran (32 years), Hisham Saleh Tarmoum (28 years), Harith Hameed (28 years), Akram Al-Walidi (32 years), Issam Balghith (27 years), Hisham Abdulmalik Saeed Al-Youssefi (26 years) ), Haitham Al-Shehab (26 years), Hassan Abdullah Anab (38 years), Tawfiq Mohammed Al-Mansouri (31 years), Salah Al-Qaidi (30 years), Wahid Al-Sufi (41 years), Hussein Saad Al-Essi (40 years), Abdullah Al-Munifi (39 years), Yousef Hamoud Mohsen Ajlan (28 years), Yahya Abdulraqeeb Al-Jubeihi (62 years), Tayseer Al-Sama'i (40 years) and Mohammed Abdulmalik Al-Salwi (36 years). "The continued arbitrary detention of journalists for more than two years without charge or trial comes in the context of strangling the press and media freedoms by Houthis and Saleh, and the eradication of any voice inconsistent with their public discourse," said Radhya Al-Mutawakil. As documented by "Mwatana", in January 2017, the journalist, Taysir Al-Sama'i, 40, was arrested by Ansar Allah (Houthis) when he was on his way to get his child to school from his home in the village of Dakadek in the district of Dimnat Khadair, the governorate of Taiz. Two masked gunmen took him on a motorcycle to a military checkpoint controlled by Ansar Allah (Houthis). He was held there until evening of that day before he was moved to the "Al-Saleh City" detention center outside the city of Taiz. Taysir was kept in "Al-Saleh City" detention center for two months, and later, he was moved to a detention center in the governorate of Dhamar, where nothing was known about him since then. "Mwatana" has investigated the abduction of Jamil Al-Samet, a journalist in Al-Wahdawi newspaper. On Saturday morning, 18 March, 2017, in the city of Taiz, Al-Samet was abducted by Proponents of Sharia. As he was leaving his house, he was astounded with three masked gunmen in civilian clothes presenting to him a compulsory subpoena order to the office of Proponents of Sharia located in Al-Sameel market in the district of Al-Qahirah, one of the districts of the city of Taiz, against the backdrop of a press report published by him about the closure of the Republican Hospital. Journalist Jamil Al-Samet, 47, said to "Mwatana": They interrogated me for pointing to them in my report as responsible for the closure of Al-Jamhouri Hospital, that I have deliberately defamed their group and that I must disclose the sources of information contained in the report. I have refused to do that, until social and political figures intervened, and I was released after thirty hours of detention. "Mwatana" has documented two cases at least, in which two journalists were abducted by militias and Jihadi groups affiliated with the so-called popular resistance in the city of Taiz. These cases were surrounded by reservations, since the abductees are still at risk, either because they are still in the prisons of the abductors or working in areas under the control of those groups. "Mwatana" calls on all armed groups to release the detained journalists, to reveal the fate of those who have been forcibly disappeared, to lift their hands off press freedoms and not to endanger journalists, as their practices are considered a flagrant violation to the international human rights law and to all international covenants and conventions. Torture: "Mwatana" organization received information from credible sources that some of the journalists detained in the detention centers of the Ansar Allah (Houthis) and its ally, former President Saleh, were assaulted, tortured and otherwise ill-treated, and that the patients were denied access to proper medical care. "Mwatana" has interviewed Tawfik Al-Mansouri, 29, and Abdulkhaliq Imran, 30, at Al-Thawra Remand Prison in Sana'a along with seven other journalists. Al-Mansouri and Imran appeared with very pale, thin and weak bodies, and with deep eyes and long beards, and their voices were too flimsy. On being subjected to torture, they said: Our hands were tied behind our backs, and then we were hung up to the roof for a whole day. The place here is cold and we see the sun only twice every six months. Press reports confirmed the deterioration of the condition of the journalist Tawfiq Al-Mansouri, which require to expeditiously move him to the hospital to receive the necessary medical care. On 3 October, 2015, Mohammed Al-Washei, 30, was abducted by Houthis from the downtown of Dhamar. Al-Washei works as a reporter for some newspapers and news websites and is active in the information department of the branch of Nasserist Unionist People's Organization in the governorate of Dhamar. Al-Washei told "Mawtana" saying: the time was approaching to evening when I left the headquarters of the Nasserist Unionist People's Organization branch in Dhamar to go to my home. As I was attempting to stop a motorcycle to take me home, I was astounded with a gunman putting his rifle in my back and asking the motorcycle driver to go silently to Alwahdah police station, which is under the control of Ansar Allah (Houthis) and the forces of former President Saleh, on the pretext of receiving a communication against me. Al-Washei added: The investigation began with accusing me with many unfair charges against me, such as betraying the country and working in favor of abroad, inciting the revolution, supporting the legitimacy of President Hadi, providing the coalition forces with the coordinates, recruiting fighters to Mareb, having relations with the resistance, and managing pages on social networks that oppose the Houthis and defaming the leaders of Ansar Allah. When I said that these charges are incorrect, the interrogator angrily stood up and closed the record. He then threatened me to move me to a location which could be targeted by the coalition bombardment. He reminded me of the fate of my colleagues Kabel and Alaizari (The press is a black era under Houthis), or to the fighting fronts, or putting me in a cell reserved for lunatic persons.. The journalist Al-Washei was subjected to torture three times, where batons and metal bars were used to hit him. Al-Washei said: My right leg has been crushed, my right elbow has been broken, and there are tumors and black spots after blood clotting in all parts of my body. They have made me bedridden to this day. Judiciary as a Tool for Abuse and Expanding Intimidation: Mwatana Organization For Human Rights said that it has a sense of increased risks due to this dangerous precedent committed by the authority of Ansar Allah (Houthis) and its ally, former president Ali Abdullah Saleh, by using the judiciary, which is controlled by them, for abusing and torturing its opponents of the staff of the profession of journalism and opinion makers. On Wednesday morning, 12 April 2017, the competent criminal court in Sana'a, which is under the control of the authorities of Houthis and former President Saleh, released "a death sentence of journalist Yahya Al-Jubeihi for his espionage in favor of a foreign state" after a hearing that did not exceed 15 minutes, and where the lawyer of Al-Jubeihi was denied of pleading and access to any documents, according to information verified by "Mawtana". "The death sentences based on unfair prosecutions are no different from extrajudicial killings in the event that they were carried out. She added that "Houthis and Saleh authorities must quickly retreat this dangerous behavior through which civil and peaceful activities are treated as crimes punishable by imprisonment and execution." Radhya Al-Mutawakil commented. The journalist Al-Jubeihi, 61, was sentenced to death after spending seven months in prison, along with two of his sons: Hamzah, 34, and Thou Yazan, 25, by order of the Public Prosecution. They were arrested from their home on 6 September, 2016, and they were held in the prison of the Political Security Service in Sana'a. Thou Yazan was released after around three months, while Hamzah is still in detention without prosecution. It is noteworthy that the competent Criminal Court is the judicial platform used by former President Saleh to suppress and crush the journalists and opinion makers opposing to him during his reign. In another incident documented by "Mwatana", revealing the use of the judiciary and its organs as a tool to spread panic and intimidation among journalists, the Prosecution Office for Public Funds in Sana'a summoned 14 journalists and staff members of the Al-Thawra Foundation for Press, Printing and Publishing to appear before it on 29 April 2017, on allegations of corruption-related charges. "Mwatana" obtained a copy of the "subpoena order" memorandum, which was prepared by the Public Funds and Anti-Corruption Prosecution Office on 17 April, 2017. Jamil Mufarah, deputy editor of Al-Thawra newspaper issued by the foundation, and one of the journalists summoned by the public prosecution, said to "Mwatana": The public prosecution has summoned us because we have organized protest sit-ins, in which we demanded the payment of our salaries and financial dues. According to Mufarah, summoning the 14 journalists of "Al-Thawra" Foundation by the public prosecution is not the first arbitrary action taken against the staff of this foundation, where he added: in December 2015, I was dismissed, along with 13 journalists, by Ansar Allah (Houthis) from the main posts at Al-Thawra Foundation, where I was occupying at that time the position of deputy editor, and we were replaced with other staff recruited by Houthis from outside the foundation. They have no experience, either administrative or financial, and they have no press background. Mufarah said: the financial dues we demanded for is only an incentive not exceeding YR 5,000 per employee, that is, we work for YR 130 a day, as it is known that our salaries are suspended similar to salaries of other state employees. The leadership of the Al-Thawra Foundation, appointed by Houthis, had called for military and security forces intervention to break up a sit-in organized by the journalists and employees to demand their rights. It has also suspended more than 25 journalists of their work for the same reason.. In this context, "Mwatana" calls on Houthis and its ally, Saleh, to cease using the judiciary as a means to intimidate the journalists and opinion makers, and to stop their exclusionary measures against journalists. "Montana" perceives that the increased violations against those working in the profession of the press are aligned in a context that goes beyond the oppressive attitude against the freedom of expression to serious planning to prevent any form of press work and the confiscation of any space for expression, which makes the press in Yemen in a dying state. Wed - (03 May 2017) - Press Releasesالعربية Tweet


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Into the Weeds of Station Power for Energy Storage
May 26, 2017
Imagine you run a small business. You incur a number of business expenses, ranging from direct labor, to cost of materials, to freight and others. Normally, these expenses would be deductible since they are part of the cost of doing business. Now imagine you are the only business that is not allowed to deduct these expenses from your taxable income. This is approximately the situation that has been faced by energy storage resources competing and selling services into the wholesale energy markets..... Read more.
Updates from the Frontlines of ESS Safety (Part 1)
March 13, 2017
While the industry should continue to strive to quickly commercialize and deploy energy storage, we also stress the safety and reliability of these technologies. In February of 2017, numerous battery researchers and engineers, codes and standards aficionados, and safety and emergency response industry members descended on Santa Fe, New Mexico, for two and a half days of storage and safety discussions in Sandia National Laboratories 2nd Energy Storage Systems Safety (ESS-S) Forum.... Read more.
The Three S's of Energy Storage… Swift, Shiftable and Scalable
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In 1894, civilization faced a pollution crisis. The London Times newspaper predicted... "In 50 years, every street in London will be buried under nine feet of horse manure." This became known as the 'Great Horse Manure Crisis of 1894'. The terrible situation was debated in 1898, at the world's first international urban planning conference in New York, but no solution could be found. It seemed urban civilization was doomed... Read more.
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Many years from now, historians will likely mark 2017 as a critical period in the fight against (or for) climate change. The election of President Donald Trump has raised the prospect of a backslide on climate change and clean-energy policy. While many pundits expect backsliding to occur at a federal level ... Read more.
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Rental units include the following great amenities Boutique Residences with 22 units per courtyard, 3 distinct private courtyards, Vaulted Beamed Ceilings in upper units, Huge Reflective Privacy Windows, Contemporary European Kitchens, Stainless Steel, Carrera Marble Accent Walls In Kitchen and Baths..
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Posted Mon Sep 1st by Monty
BroncoTalk's week-long Denver Broncos 2008 Season Preview kicks off today. We'll bring you daily articles to get you ready for the 2008 season. Enjoy.
Head Coach Mike Shanahan closed the 2007 Denver Broncos 7-9 season by publicly pinning the blame on himself. Saying the team had the talent to win 10 games, Shanahan indicated he needed to do a better job preparing his players and a better job coaching to exceed that threshold.
"Well, I'm just going back to me," Shanahan said in his season-ending press conference in January. "I'm in charge of this thing and I just think if I would have done a decent job coaching, we would have won 10 games or more. And so it goes back to me."
His actions indicate he didn't consider himself the only one to blame. Two of the top-decision makers for the 2007 Broncos, Assistant Head Coach/Defense Jim Bates and General Manager Ted Sundquist, were shown the door before April. Bates was offered a position as linebackers coach but ultimately resigned after crafting the worst Broncos defense in several years. Sundquist's firing was a surprise at first, but the reasoning became clear as the growing dissonance between he and Shanahan became public.
Vocally, Shanahan may look inward for answers for the Broncos' struggles in 2007, but professionally, he pinned the blame to an even greater extent on these men.
This leaves Shanahan alone at the top. He is solely in control of this team, and the group will only go so far as his coaching can take them. If they fail, only Shanahan is left to blame. If they triumph, Shanahan deserves lofty praise.
Shanahan doesn't shy from this type of pressure. In fact, he embraces it, and at times, places even more upon himself. His training camp declaration that the Broncos "will not miss the playoffs" raised eyebrows – not only for the statement itself, but for the source from which it originated. Mike Shanahan making season predictions? Simply unheard of.
While it isn't accurate to say Shanahan was on the proverbial "hot seat" heading into this year, those comments may have seated him firmly on it. If the Broncos struggle again this season, and fail to make the playoffs, Shanahan's playoff promise will be mourned and echoed across the Rocky Mountains. If they struggle mightily, these comments will lead to proclamations that Shanahan is no longer in touch with his team, and is no longer a suitable judge of talent.
There's no doubt that Shanahan knew all of this when he went on local radio and made that statement. He knew the stakes – it's the very reason he's never said anything similar in the past. His confidence is contagious, sparking something in fans and players and the community in general. Maybe that was his plan all along. While I was hesitant to proclaim playoffs for the Broncos in 2008 throughout the offseason, Shanahan's comments singularly convinced me that Denver will be playing meaningful football in January. I'm on board, Coach. 11-5, here we come.
A return to the playoffs – particularly a deep trip into the contest – will only confirm what I already believe: Shanahan is the right coach for the Denver Broncos, now and for years to come. His bold moves this offseason show he has that same confidence in himself.
He's made his stance; now it's time to deliver.
Photo courtesy Lisa Blumenfeld/Getty Images


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Conventions This Weekend Oct 7th-9th, 2011
Oct 7th-9th, 2011 Akicon Bellevue, WA Central Texas Paranormal Austin, TX Conclave Romulus, MI Council of Five Nations Schenectdy, NY Creation Twilight Baltimore, MD Creation Supernatural Toronto, ON Crisiscon Huntsville, AL Fan Days Plano, TX GardenState Comiccon Cherry Hill, NJ Geek Girl Con Seattle, WA Hollywood Collectors Burbank, CA Pittsburgh Indy Comix Pittsburgh, PA Realms […]
Conventions this weekend 9/30-Oct 1st, 2011
Sept 30th-Oct 2nd, 2011 Anime Weekend Atlanta Atlanta, GA A.P.E. San Fransico, CA Archon 35 St. Louis, MO Brickcon Seattle, WA Cape Kimono Quebec, QB Creation Star Trek Chicago, IL Epiccon Philly, PA Gamecon Memphis Memphis, TN Handmande & Bound Nashville, TN HEXXP Honolulu, HI Horror Weekend Gatlinburg, TN Klingon Feast Daytona Beach, FL Nashville […]
Cosplay Daily
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Cosplay Daily:
Photo Credit
11 con dates added for 2012
Feb 10th-12th, 2012 Hollywood Collectors Burbank, CA Feb 24th-26th, 2012 Marmaladedog Kalamazoo, MI April 13th-15th, 2012 Robocon Denver, CO April 20th-22nd, 2012 Toracon Rochester, NY Hollywood Collectors Burbank, CA April 27th-29th, 2012 Eeriecon Niagra Falls, NY Gamedays Timonium, MD May 4th-6th, 2012 Texas FrightmareDallas, TX May 11th-13th, 2012 Gaslight Gathering San Diego, CA Aug 3rd-5th, […]
Conventions this Weekend Sept 23rd-25th, 2011
Sept 23-25th, 2011 Cogcon Rolla, MO Conception Glen Ellyn, IL Detroit Fanfare Detroit, MI Erie Anime Erie, PA Fantastic Fest Austin, TX (22nd-29th) Fencon/DSC 49Addison, TX Hurricon Orlando, FL Jemcon Rotterdam, Holland Killercon Las Vegas, NV MidAtlantic Nostalgia Hunt Valley, MD Pacific Pinball Santa Clara, CA Portland Retro Gaming Expo Portland, OR Powercon Los Angeles, […]
An Interview with Long Beach Comic-Con
Those of you that have followed me for awhile (and if you're not, please do so now on Twitter, @The_Con_Fluence), know that I've really enjoyed Long Beach Comic-Con (LBCC) the last two years. So, it should be no surprise to you that I'm counting down the days until their next show, this October 29th (which […]
26 dates added ! Wooh!
Sept 16th-17th, 2011 Chicago Entertainment Expo Carol Stream, IL Jan 13th-15th, 2012 Snow Con Orono, ME Feb 17th-19th, 2012 Orrcon Los Angeles, CA March 2nd-4th, 2012 Genericon Troy, NY March 16th-18th, 2012 Wonder Con Anaheim, CA March 23rd-25th, 2012 Midwest Gaming Classic Milwaukee, WI Tekkoshocon Pittsburgh, PA March 30th-April 1st, 2012 Mace West Hickory, NC […]
Cosplay Daily
Photo Credit
10 Reasons to Attend Comikaze Expo
Over the last few weeks, I've had a lot of people asking me why I'm so high on the upcoming Comikaze Expo in Los Angeles, CA (11/5-11/6). With this being the first year of the show, it is a very reasonable question. So, here is my run-down of the 10 reasons Comikaze Expo is a […]
Conventions this Weekend Sept 15th-18th, 2011
Sept 15th-18th, 2011 Atlanta Horror Fest Atlanta, GA Bouchercon St. Louis, MO Constellation Huntsville, AL Faerieworlds Harvest Oregon Foolscap Redmond, WA Grand Masquerade New Orleans, LA G.N.E. Steampunk Fitchburgh, MA Hickory Con Hickory, NC (Sat) Horror Realm Pittsburgh, PA Japan Fest Dultuh, GA Interventioncon Rockville, MD Monster Mania Hunt Valley, MD Montreal Comic Con Montreal, […]
Hasbro partners with NYCC
PAWTUCKET, R.I. – SEPTEMBER 8, 2011 – For the first time at New York Comic Con, Hasbro, Inc. (NASDAQ: HAS) will attend the convention at the Javits Convention Center in New York City from October 13-16 to present many of its iconic brands and meet with fans. Hasbro will have a significant booth presence featuring […]
Cosplay Daily: Deadpool
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Quick update of cons added.
Dec 4th, 2011 The Big Crafty Asheville, NC Dec 2nd-4th, 2011 Steel City ConMonroeville, PA Dec 16th-18th, 2011 Holiday Matsuri Orlando, FL July 27th-29th, 2012 Megaplex Kissimee, Fl
Conventions this Weekend Sept 9th-11th, 2011
Sept 9th-11th, 2011 ACEC Columbus, OH Conjecture San Diego, CA Geekkon Madison, WI Glitchcon Bentonville, AR Indie Craft Parade Greenville, SC Nan Desku Kon Denver, CO No. Mich Anime Traverse City, MI Outsidecon Burns, TN Snafucon Reno, NV SPX Betheseda, MD
He-Man & the ThuderCats Unite at Power-Con/ThunderCon in LA
This September the convention boom welcomes a new member as organizers in Los Angeles, CA are set to launch a brand new show that centers on some of the most iconic characters the 1980's have to offer. So, if you like your chocolate with your peanut butter (and who doesn't???), you need to mark your […]
7 more future dates.
Dec 3rd-5th, 2011 Steel City ConMonroeville, PA Jan 13th-15th, 2012 Albuquerque Comic Albuquerque, NM Feb 3rd-5th, 2012 Owl Con Houston, TX March 30th-April 1st, 2012 Fogcon San Fransico, CA April 6th-8th, 2012 PAX East Boston, MA April 21st-22nd, 2012 Space Columbus, OH June 4th-11th, 2012 Red Stick Baton Rouge, LA
Conventions this Weekend Sept 2nd-5th, 2011
Sept 2nd-5th, 2011 Anime Fest Dallas, TX Animeland Makiba Las Vegas, NV Call of Duty XP Los Angeles, CA Camp Feral Algonquin Park, ON Celestialcon Redwood City, CA Coppercon Mesa, AZ Dragoncon Atlanta, GA Kumoricon , Portland, OR Librari-con Fayetville, NC (Sat Only) Memphit Furmeet, Memphis, TN Sac Anime Sacremento, CA SF Zine Fest San […]« go back — keep looking »


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Suppose H and K are subgroups of a group G. If |H| = 12, |K| = 35. Find
My solution:
By a theorem, I know that |H| and |K| divides |G|, and that the order of every element h in H and k in K divides the order of H and K, respectively. i.e. |h| divides |H| and |k| divides |K|.
Then the element in is an element that is commonly shared by both H and K, meaning the elements must have an order that divides both 12 and 35.
Well, the only number that does that is 1, and the only element with order 1 is the identity. So = 1.
Is that right?