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Take This Advice And Succeed With Article Marketing
Many people enjoy writing a little on the side. From people that want to write books, to people that blog, writing can really help you to express yourself. Writing can also be a good business if you know how to utilize article marketing correctly. Read on to find out how article syndication can benefit you.
Freebies are great to use. Freebies make customers like you. This also allows you to market your product, where people can see it easily. Choose proper products, and you can be quite successful.
An important tip for success in Internet marketing is filling out your website title tag correctly. Also, try to incorporate as many keywords as possible in this tag. Also, it must describe that page in your website in a manner that is set apart from other websites title tags.
Controversy is a great way to boost readership. Stick to well known brands that everyone can relate to when doing this. Readers will share your content with their friends if they feel like you are using some valuable arguments. If your content is high quality, which it should be if you edit it properly, injecting controversy will revive your blog and boost your reputation as an authority in your field.
Writing a blog engages your creativity in order to attract customers' interest in your business. Blogging is typically free, and a great way to engage customers. Setting up a successful blog as a way to do your article marketing is an easy way to boost business.
Use short paragraphs, like this one. People generally tend to lose interest when reading long paragraphs. Keeping your article short and to the point will keep your readers happy.
Working Links
A competitive strategy for article marketing will result in a wide coverage of the Internet. This is positive since articles will have working links that go back to the original author's site. Working links improve search engine indexing and draw in new readers. If your links are broken or missing, though, you might as well not even send out the articles.
Avoid inundating indexes with endless copies of exactly one article. There are lots of article indexes that you can use in article promotion. One common mistake that is made is that one article is posted many times over hundreds of indexes. However, you should stay away from this as search engines can penalize this strategy.
In addition to submitting to article directories, use blog networks to publish your work. People love to read blogs and they tend to have large readerships. Each article should include all relevant details to ensure that readers will be able to locate your website and blog.
Word count is important. Use common sense to figure out an appropriate length for the article. It is possible to trim the article during editing, and you may even find two articles can come from one.
Unless sites delete your articles for some reason, they will be forever viewed by readers, and will always serve to drive visitors to your site. It is also possible to write articles that in turn will promote other articles that you've written. This tactic can help grow your network and increase the number of visitors to your work.
Ensure that you know exactly who you are trying to target with your writing. If your target is casual blog sites, make sure your content is short and personable. If your content is supposed to be educational, make sure it is factual and well thought out.
Include relevant information in every article you write. People read your article to gain knowledge. Have a lot of facts written into your articles. Doing so leaves the reader feeling as though they learned something.
If you write them like you are speaking to one of your buddies, it will make them easy to read. A friendly tone will make your articles easier to read. A more relaxed, informal tone will make it easier for readers to relate to your content.
Quality Content
You can get back-links by writing quality content that will make your readers want to share your work. While it's tempting to fill your website with spun articles, it is not recommended. Providing low value articles will leave you doing a lot more work in the long run. High quality content is the way to go, because other webmasters will link to it just because they think their readers will get use out of it too.
Market your published articles. A good way to start is put them on free article directories. Submit articles to every free directory you can find, and soon you'll see a lot of free traffic out of it.
Make sure your articles are formatted properly. You should check to ensure your articles comply with formatting guidelines of the directory you plan on submitting to prior to actually submitting your article. These guidelines will let you know where you can put links or HTML in your article as well as informing you how much a keyword can be used.
The Internet and article advertising go hand in hand for promoting businesses. That said, it isn't always successful. Without access to the article submission advice presented in this article, many people end up making mistakes that render their article syndication campaigns useless. Use what you've read here to ensure you have the best chances at reaching your goals.
I really hope that you realized help and value inside of this brief article about marketing with articles. I know it can assist you when you set it into practice. Visit this website consistently to remain on top of this area of interest together with a number of key Web marketing subjects you have got to have to accomplish high profit online business systems., but many also do not have the knowledge necessary on the topic. Thankfully, this article contains excellent tips to help you move ahead. Get out there and implement this information.


text: Hand-painted and triple sealed cornhole (bean bag) boards. The logos themselves are also hand-painted. These are NOT decals or stickers. The boards are regulation 2′ x 4′ size with 2″ x 4″ frame construction and in the rear are approximately 12″ from the ground to the top of the board. These are custom built so please allow 10 days build, paint and seal time.

subset: commoncrawl


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tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26815645.post5726520198702745181..comments2016-12-09T11:52:06.137-05:00Comments on Gluten A Go Go - Gluten-Free: Braided Challah (B&P17)Natalie, aka "Sheltie Girl"http://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-26815645.post-73742768448675715092009-08-17T06:53:56.928-04:002009-08-17T06:53:56.928-04:00I'm so excited to see that you actually braide...I'm so excited to see that you actually braided it--I hadn't gotten around to trying the braid GF (I always just use a faux-braid mold). I think I even have everything I need for the recipe here in Tbilisi so I'll give it a shot next week!Gluten Free In the Greenshttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-26815645.post-45056072561331075702009-08-17T03:21:48.130-04:002009-08-17T03:21:48.130-04:00I recently came across your blog and have been rea...I recently came across your blog and have been reading along. I thought I would leave my first comment. I don't know what to say except that I have enjoyed reading. Nice blog. I will keep visiting this blog very often.

Sara

http://pianonotes.infoSaoirsehttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-26815645.post-79277643890723921462009-08-15T22:04:41.240-04:002009-08-15T22:04:41.240-04:00Hey Cheryl - Thanks for stopping by to visit and c...Hey Cheryl - Thanks for stopping by to visit and chat.

This is my own opinion, but I don't think any gf bread tastes like one made of wheat. To me, there is so much difference in the taste of wheat versus any gf flour blend.

When I up a gf flour blend, I shoot for the spirit of the bread. For Challah, I was looking for something rich with egg and a slightly denser texture that has a wonderful crust. This recipe hits that goal. It has a nice texture and lovely crumb. Slices easily and makes a great gf BLT.

Take care!

NatalieSheltie Girlhttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-26815645.post-20494768178324757892009-08-13T22:04:07.842-04:002009-08-13T22:04:07.842-04:00challah is my next challenge...love to see what yo...challah is my next challenge...love to see what you did with it! I have no doubt that it's delish, but does it taste like real challah?Cheryl Harrishttps://firstname.lastname@example.com


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India's commerce secretary said that he would meet the U.S. deputy trade representative in June or July, after the country's general election, to discuss protection of intellectual property rights.
Rajeev Kher also said India did not see compulsory licensing as a routine instrument for importing technology. The practice was compliant with the agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). (Reuters)


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Information Please
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November 11th, 2001, 11:52 AM
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Join Date: Jan 2001
Posts: 283
Re: Information Please
Most prices now days include portcharges but not always. There is also Goverment fees and taxes that not usually included. On the ships you will pay for all alcoholic drinks ,on Explorer soda was free at meals in the restuarant but your were charged all other places and times .You pay in the casino ,Bingo and in the gift shops .They are always taking pictures of you that is extra as well if you want to buy them . when you are in port The Shore excursions can get expensive if you buy from the ship .You can do most things on your own for cheaper if you do a little research before you leave ( I go to the library or to a book store where I can sit and read for a hour and takes notes guides books can get expensive and are soon outdated) Also ask questions on this board people will help .YOu can view the excursions on the RCI site and know what they offer and their price before you go . Somethings it is just easyier to book with the ship .then you have tipping most of the people taking care of you that is how they make their money from your tips . the shop recommends$3.50 a day per person for your cabin person also for your waiter .$2.00 a day for your busboy then the materde(sorry don't know how to spell that) for the explorer for the week was $69.00 per person suggested tipping of course if you get excellent service you can up that or down it if service was not great it's up to you . Hopes this helps I just got back yesterday from my 4th cruise and it is the best way to travel .JUst remember to take loose fitting clothes you eat all the time on board !!!!! E-mail if I can help more . Doreen
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Serie A: Napoli edge past Catania, Juventus see off Parma to turn heat up on Roma
Napoli and Juventus both won on Saturday to keep the pressure up on Serie A leaders Roma ahead of their trip to Torino.
Last Updated: 02/11/13 11:03pm
Rafael Benitez's Napoli made it four successive wins in all competitions since their loss to Roma last month with a 2-1 home triumph over Catania.
All three goals came in the opening 25 minutes with Jose Maria Callejon (15) and Marek Hamsik (20) putting Napoli in control before Lucas Castro quickly pulled a goal back.
Catania could not find an equaliser though as Napoli remained narrowly ahead of Juventus, who also boast 28 points from 11 games after beating Parma 1-0 away from home.
Paul Pogba scored the only goal as Juventus enjoyed a winning start to what could prove to be a key week as they play host to Real Madrid in the Champions League on Tuesday before welcoming Napoli in Serie A next weekend.
Both Napoli and Juve are two points behind Roma as the capital city club look to make it 11 successive league wins this season on Sunday.
In Saturday's other game, Fiorentina climbed into the top four with a 2-0 win over AC Milan that is likely to heap more pressure on Rossoneri coach Massimiliano Allegri.
Juan Vargas gave the Viola the lead in the 27th minute with a deflected free-kick before Borja Valero wrapped up victory midway through the second half with a tap in.
The result was another blow to Milan, who are now winless in their last four games in all competitions and have won just two of their past nine league games to lie 10th in the standings. The defeat leaves them 16 points adrift of third-place Juventus and the last Champions League qualifying spot.


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From an individual standpoint, birthdays are the biggest and most special celebrations we have each year. While Christmas is a big day, this is a day we share with everyone else and that has little personal residence, whereas a birthday is a day that's entirely devoted to us and that ensures we get all of that attention.
While birthdays are very special and a great excuse to celebrate with friends/ receive lots of lavish gifts though, some birthdays are even more special than others – and the 21st birthday is perhaps the most important of them all marking the point at which you truly become an adult and start living your life.
This is your big day, and it's a big day that you will only get once in your life, and as such you've probably been building it up in your mind rather. Making the most of it then so that you aren't let down and so that you don't squander the opportunity is very important . Here are some ways to ensure your 21st is everything it's meant to be.
Have a Huge Party
The best and most effective way to mark this special occasion is with a huge blowout that you can enjoy with all your friends and family that tops every other birthday party you've had up until this point. Some other things can add an edge to your 21st party too – for instance this is a great opportunity to hire a limousine, and you should order some good champagne too. And of course your parents should be willing to help you fund all this…
Make sure you make an extensive guest list, make sure that everyone is in great spirits, organize some games, find a good DJ, and make sure you look at the very best 21st birthday venues that will be big enough to house all the chaos.
Do Something Exciting
To mark your 21st birthday you should look at doing something unique and exciting that you wouldn't normally. This doesn't necessarily have to be on the day, as you should aim to make the whole year 'big' rather than just that one day, but it does need to be big enough to last in your memory whether that means going bungee jumping or going on an amazing holiday. Chances are that most of your friends will turn 21 this year too, so why don't you all go somewhere amazing together?
Ask for Something Special
For your 21st birthday party people are likely going to be willing to spend a little more money on you than they normally might. You should make the most of this by asking for meaningful gifts that will stand the test of time rather than things you 'need' or impersonal gadgets. This might mean for instance asking for a nice watch, a nice piece of jewellery, keys to the house (though in this day and age you probably got your first set when you were four), a photo album or your first car/money toward it. This way you'll have something that really marks your transition into adulthood and that will remind you of your big day for years to come.
Attached Images:
- License: Creative Commons image source
- License: Creative Commons image source
- License: Creative Commons image source
Henry Washington is one of the most reputed and highly sought after party planner. He also owns a blogging site where he post tips, advice and ideas for arranging an entertaining party.


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Most folks who read this blog probably are aware of the story of Salman Kahn and the Kahn Academy. The TED talk version of the story with my embellishments follows – so Kahn, a hedge fund manager, begins creating short YouTube videos to tutor his nephews who are struggling with math. Others stumble across this content, find it quite helpful, and encourage Kahn. The viral avalanche continues, money people such as Bill Gates notice and contribute, and Salman ends up with an online success.
Some object. Just what is the focus of the concerns. Salman did not begin to subvert teachers or their role. He began because kids were not getting it based on their classroom experiences. To my knowledge, no claims were made about the teachers. Kahn is obviously very bright and entertaining. I think the style ends up being repetitive, but I also understand the research on worked examples and would suggest that at least the math content fits within this approach.
Kahn does have a more complex model than I think most realize – take a look at the site and you will find the videos (now in many content areas), problems to work, and opportunities to volunteer to be a coach. So, if you are critical based on some notion that this is about replacing humans with video, click the volunteer button and be a human.
The Kahn video content has become somehow mixed together with the "flip the classroom" movement. Students could prepare from watching video and then come to class prepared to discuss, request help, etc. I suppose video could be used in this fashion.
Perhaps the point is that these are just resources and tools. There is the opportunity for flexibility here. You are not paying for an approach that locks you into a given strategy. Wait – come to think, you are not paying at all. No one is after your job. You are in control. Make your own video content students can use when they are at home attempting to complete the problems you assigned. Too much work?
There is this online site that offers video content some students find helpful (but this is where I began)


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Perfect for social media campaigns and blogs. Web photos (up to .5 MP). 1 Seat.
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grass, red, green, pathway, lawn, crimson, herb, plant, field, path
red pathway beside green grass lawn


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Meanwhile, Giancarlo Pedote, Benoît Marie (benoitmarie.com), Nicolas Boidevezi (Nature Addicts) and Bertrand Delesne (TeamWork) are leading the dance masterfully, which speaks to their extensive offshore experience. Other competitors have chosen to temper their approach, for example Stan Maslard (Sefico Group) has clearly opted to stay closer to the Portuguese coast to to take advantage of the calmer sea and a less strong wind. Renaud Mary (www.runo.fr) is taking the same strategy. It's a choice that may pay off, since Renaud is credited with the biggest gain over 24 hours from noon to noon. And the fight between Aymeric Belloir, Justine Mettraux (TeamWork) and Simon Koster (Go4It) remains spectacular ....
For still others, the race has been put on hold for the duration of a technical stop. In Porto, Clement Bouyssou (No War) and François Guiffant (Scidiam) are due to leave tomorrow morning. This is also the case for Pip Hare (The Potting Shade), François Lamy (Guadeloupe Espace Océan) and Diane Reid (One's Girl Ocean Challenge) who have all called in near Lisbon. Others, like Carlos Lizancos (Reyno de Navarra) or Pilar Pasanau (Peter Punk) have not yet confirmed their intention to continue the race. They will sleep on it ...
Cegelec / Eurovia Ranking (prototype) at 16.00 (fr)
1. Giancarlo Pedote (747) with 3099.7 nm to finish
2. Nicolas Boidevezi (719) + 43.4 nm
3. Benoit Marie (667) + 53.8 nm
4. Bertrand Delesne (754) + 60.7 nm
5. Julien Pulve (802) + 65.4 nm
Yslab Ranking (series boats) at 16.00 (fr)
1. Aymeric Belloir (810) with 3171.4 nm to finish
2. Justine Mettraux (824) + 7.8 nm
3. Simon Koster (819) + 11.5 nm
4. Renaud Mary (535) + 18.3 nm
5. Jean-Baptiste Lemaire (607) +39.1 Mini Transat


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The Solution for Seagate 7200.11 HDDs
underwurlde replied to Gradius2's topic in Hard Drive and Removable MediaOrignal solution still holds true. Subsequent discussions are people asking specific questions, how they did it and use of different types of serial interface hardware to get the RS232 connection between HDD and PC running HyperTerminal. I think you have the BSY error too. See cyberguytr's post 2nd post above your post on p116 for very good overview. Correct. Need to get drive back BEFORE updating firmware unfortunately! Seagate have recovered drives that display this fault in the past so worth perhaps tracking them down in your country. GL Andy
The Solution for Seagate 7200.11 HDDs
underwurlde replied to Gradius2's topic in Hard Drive and Removable Media^ good points. Thanks for correcting. Andy
The Solution for Seagate 7200.11 HDDs
underwurlde replied to Gradius2's topic in Hard Drive and Removable MediaOK, for drivers for your RS232 device, see wacio's post above your's - he has kindly provided a link to suitable drivers for the Nokia CA-42 cable. I wonder if wacio can help with GND connections. I have no experience of using this Nokia cable so now I'm only guessing: but the GND connections must go somewhere, at the very least to the GND connection on the HDD. The loopback test (where Rx & Tx wires are connected) will work REGARDLESS of whether there is a good GND connection to any subsequent hardware (such as your HDD in this case), so in some respects is quite a poor OVERALL test of connectivity to the HDD. In other words the loopback test tests ONLY the funtionality of the connection from HyperTerminal to the TTL output levels of the RS232 level shifting hardware and back again. Cheers, Andy PS reason for so much confusion is that there are many different ways being suggested (all of which do work) of connecting an RS232 level shifter to the HDD and power supply configurations - what I see therefore is some tips for one suggested kind of connection being incorrectly applied or assumed for another type of connection. The biggest confusion is that of power supplies and GND referencing of all the hardware. To me there are 3 kinds of connection being recommended: 1) Using COM port 1 and a mobile phone 'cable' (such as the Nokia CA-42) - these cables use a built in RS232 level shifter. 2) Using COM port 1 and a homebrew RS232 level shifter based on a chip (IC) such as the MAX232 or MAX3232. 3) Using an RS232 to USB converter 'cable' from eBay. Notes: o) Regardless of the cable being used, Power the HDD using a spare 15-pin SATA power cable from the PC that you intend to run HyperTerminal on. o) There is no actual power supply avaiable from the 9-pin DIN sockets found on PC serial COM ports *. Therefore any RS232 level shifting hardware (options 1 & 2 above) must be powered somehow and this power referenced to GND - hence the suggestion of using 3V button cells to do this. o) Unlike the serial COM ports, USB ports DO provide power, hence no need to provide an extra power source for these types of cables. o) For all 3 types of connection, the loopback test will ONLY test the RS232 level shifting hardware and HyperTerminal communication (turn echo off to test). It does not test that same connection to the HDD, i.e. correct GND connection, Rx and Tx connectivity. Based on this, I'd say the easiest cables to use would be those that are plugged into the USB port - these cables do however need software drivers to be installed such that the USB connection appears as a COM port for use in HyperTerminal. * Some of you may argue that there is a power source available from the COM port - this is not entirely true but these COM ports can be 'tricked' into providing one - hence the source of more confusion. A weak supply can be taken from the RTS & DTS pins of the COM port SO LONG AS THE SOFTWARE THAT DRIVES THE PORT IS CONFIGURED TO DO SO.
The Solution for Seagate 7200.11 HDDs
underwurlde replied to Gradius2's topic in Hard Drive and Removable MediaLOL. Obviously I meant the TTL end of the RS232 level shifter. Duh! SMPS = Switched Mode Power Supply. I will say it again: Using an external power supply to power up the HDD won't [easily] work. Use one of the spare Sata Power Connectors from the PC that is using HyperTerminal to communicate to the HDD. Keep It Simple! Can you re-phrase that as it does not make much sense. Andy
The Solution for Seagate 7200.11 HDDs
underwurlde replied to Gradius2's topic in Hard Drive and Removable MediaRe: Powering the HDD questions. For this to work, the HDD should be powered up and the best way to do this is using the standard PC's SATA power supply cable. Using an external single supply rail power supply didn't work for me. But why go to the lengths of using a different power supply anyway? There is one for free sat inside the PC all ready to be used! So, with PC on, connect power to the RS232 electronics and then connect RS232 interface to COM1 (or USB port), connect RS232 to HDD - INCLUDING the gnd connection, i.e. 3 wires. Connect PC SATA power to bricked HDD - it should spin up. Set up HyperTerminal, turn Caps Lock ON and press and hold CTRL key down then hit the Z key. Now turn Caps Lock OFF before entering any commands. If all is working you may (or may not) get a message back from the HDD (I get the message RequestResumeSaveSmartFrame appear in the HyperTerminal window), but you should at least see the command prompt characters appear, i.e. see F3 T>. Now enter your command and WAIT!! GL, Andy


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Sears Hometown Store60 E Main Street
Norwalk, OH 44857
Phone: (419) 668-0262
Store is currently closed
Store Hours: Mon: 9:30 am - 7:00 pmTue: 9:30 am - 7:00 pmWed: 9:30 am - 7:00 pmThu: 9:30 am - 7:00 pmFri: 9:30 am - 7:00 pmSat: 9:00 am - 6:00 pmSun: 11:00 am - 4:00 pm
Sears Hometown Store60 E Main StreetNorwalk, OH44857US(419) 668-0262
Norwalk, OH 44857
Phone: (419) 668-0262
Store is currently closed
Sears Hometown Store
We are your locally owned and operated appliance store. Find great deals on refrigerators & freezers, cooking appliances, washers & dryers, dishwashers, tools, hardware, and lawn mowers. Sears Hometown Store in Norwalk, OH offers the best in quality, brand name appliances like Kenmore, Samsung, LG, Whirlpool and GE. Shop 900 Hometown Stores located in smaller communities across the country and serving many areas, including Norwalk.
Sears Hometown Store in Norwalk, OH is the local destination for all your home appliance and mattress needs as well as a great selection of lawn and garden products. Sears Hometown Store in Norwalk offers the best in quality, brand-name washers, dryers, refrigerators, microwaves, ranges, stoves, power tools, lawn mowers, fitness equipment, and more! So come by and get to know us!
At the Norwalk Sears Hometown Store, you'll find everything you need for your home and outdoor space, all at great prices and with the support of our friendly and knowledgeable staff who can expertly guide your projects and purchases. Norwalk Sears offers a personalized shopping experience tailored to our community, with the support of the Sears name you know and trust!


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My name is Jose Vilson and I have a confession to make: I hadn't read the entirety of Jonathan Kozol's seminal work Savage Inequalities: Children in America's Schools. I read so slow that I'm often drawing pictures line by line, making connections between every experience I've ever had with that sentence, and branch out into some reflective wondering before I get back into the text. At times, I zone out wondering if the phrase I just read applies to me, has anything to do with what I'm doing now, or if I could ever imagine myself doing what I just read. Often, it's little things that can trigger it. The use of the word "differentiation." The implication of alcohol-induced nights. The name Schomburg.
The first time I picked up the book was in 2007, during my most disappointing year in the classroom in my career. A couple of months into the 07-08 school year, and I knew I had already done a disservice to the kids by not being absolutely prepared for the worst scenario. While I won't go into the composition of the class or the personal parts of my life during that period, I will say it was the best and worst time to pick up Kozol's work. For the normal reader reading such a text, they can disconnect from the narrative and see the manuscript for the set of facts and narratives laid out before them with little judgment on the person themselves. I'm not that. If anything, every other page infuriated me on a globally conscious level.
When I got to page 83 of Savage Inequalities, I already found myself tightening up even worse. In a serene setting, like a waiting room, I thought I could breeze by the chapter without the usual distractions like Facebook and my own desperate classroom situation that year. Then I came across settings I recognized. New York City. District 10. Riverdale. The Bronx. The funeral home on Jerome Avenue. White. Black. Hispanic. New York Post. The wringing of this paperback must have been noticeable to any observer as I scrolled through these words. Then, I came across this:
While we talk, three children who look six or seven years old come to the door and ask to see the nurse, who isn't in the school today. One of the children, a Puerto Rican girl, looks haggard. "I have a pain in my tooth," she says. The principal says, "The nurse is out. Why don't you call your mother?" The child says, "My mother doesn't have a phone." The principal sighs. "Then go back to your class." When she leaves, the principal is angry. "It's amazing to me that these children ever make it with the obstacles they face. Many do care and they do try, but there's a feeling of despair. The parents of these children want the same things for their children that the parents in the suburbs want. Drugs are not the cause of this. They are the symptom. Nonetheless, they're used by people in the suburbs and rich people in Manhattan as another reason to keep children of poor people at a distance."
Soon after reading the paragraph, I smacked the book to the ground and wondered what the hell I was doing. For 2 out of my 3 classes, I was at least an adequate teacher, but for my most needy class, I felt only a little better than nothing. What am I even doing in the classroom if the problems are so much deeper than my class? How can just one infuriated individual make a change that might make conditions even workable for relatively new teachers like me?
The book was such an emotional investment at the time that I literally stopped reading it that very moment. I kept it around, collecting dust on various bookshelves. I looked at it with a certain sense of fear every time I walked by it, hoping it wouldn't take me to those dark places when I picked it up again. A few weeks ago, I noticed it there, but this time, I felt differently. For one, there was a certain march on the horizon where I'd get a chance to ask Kozol about this and his subsequent works.
But, more importantly, I had just enough time to separate myself from the 2007 edition of me that I forgave myself for the things I couldn't possibly do on my own.
I picked up from the aforementioned paragraph and finished the book 3 days ago. Without interruptions or anxiety. I felt an equal amount of passion after reading the book, but now I know how to channel it. Now, the only thing drawing my anger is the fact that it's been 19 years since this book was published. And very little has been made equal since.


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GRAND RAPIDS, Mich. (WOOD) — One common mistake made by people driving in snowy conditions is forgetting to turn on the car's headlights — even during the day.
Headlights make it much easier for other drivers to see you in any conditions, but are particularly important when visibility is decreased.
"The biggest problem is the automatic headlights," mechanic Tom Toft said. "When you start your car, your lights may come on in the daylight but then they will immediately turn off. So you need to manually turn your headlights on."
Toft admitted even he forgets from time to time to turn on his lights — but it's important.
He showed 24 Hour News 8 the manual override to turn the headlights on. All cars have one. A switch or knob is usually located on the dash to the left of the steering wheel or on the turn signal column. If you can't find the switch, Toft advised consulting your owner's manual.
It's also important to brush the snow off both your headlights and taillights.
In 15 states, it is illegal to drive without the headlights lights on anytime the windshield wipers are activated. That is not the case in Michigan, but is probably a good rule of thumb. Michigan — along with 31 other states — does have a law that mandates headlight use in "limited visibility."


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Karen Thompson Walker's enchanting debut novel, The Age of Miracles, follows the life of a young girl in the suburbs beginning with the day the earth's rotation mysteriously begins to slow, throwing the world as we know it into a kind of controlled chaos.
We didn't notice right away. We couldn't feel it.
We did not sense at first the extra time, bulging from the smooth edge of each day like a tumor blooming beneath skin.
As the slowing becomes more severe, and days stretch to sixty hours, humans must decide whether to follow their circadian rhythms or obey a government mandate to live on "clock time," going on as if nothing has happened. Reminiscent of the 2011Lars von Trier film Melancholia, The Age of Miracles is a kind of pre-Apocalypse story, as opposed to the post-Apocalypse novel (an excellent example of which is Julianna Baggot's terrific novel, Pure).
Unlike most end-of-the-world stories, there is no violence here. Instead, Thompson focuses on an 11-year-old girl's perception of unfolding events: her coming-of-age angst, her love for a boy with a dying mother, the disintegration of her own family life. The global chaos is only hinted at, as the narrator's life goes on much as it had before. She goes to school, faces bullies, and anxiously watches her neighbor, who has chosen to follow the ever-changing rhythms of the sun instead of the increasingly meaningless clock time. The Age of Miracles is a very sweet, engaging story, one which stayed on my mind as I went about my day. What is missing in terms of concrete information about the slowing (the changes in the magnetic field, as well as "the sickness" and shifts in weather and the , are dealt with in a vague, dreamy way) is made up for in the narrator's voice–innocent, full of wonder. We don't know how the world will end; what we do know is that the narrator survives to adulthood (she tells the story from this vantage point), in a world irreversibly altered from the one that she knew as a child.
The most interesting idea of The Age of Miracles is this: we prepare for all sorts of contingencies. We worry about global warming, warfare, chemicals in our water. And yet what destroys us may turn out to be something we never imagined.
We had rockets and satellites and nanotechnology. We had robot arms and robot hands, robots for roving the surface of Mars…And yet, the unknown still outweighed the known. We never determined the cause of the slowing…
SFJB: Highly recommended
Buy the book: Indiebound Amazon
Visit Karen Thompson Walker's website
Random House Trade Paperbacks, Jan. 2013


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How to Become a Professional in the Network Market Industry?
Network marketing is about networking, it is about word of mouth advertising. I just came to understand this over the last couple of years. Network Marketing is about connecting, telling and selling. The reason so many people fail in network marketing is because they haven't a clue on how to network or market. They believe or are lead to believe that all they need to do is talk to all of their friends, introduce those friends to some of the products and their business will explode. After all it is just math – 2 people lead to 4 people that lead to 8 people and so on a d so forth. It's nice to think that way, but as you know it does not happen that way.
There is allot more factors at play. A while back I had been struggling with the fact that there are many people in my organization that are not doing as well as I was. Not only was I struggling with that I was also having a rough time generating enough leads to match my goals. I realize that many in the industry have the same difficulty so I decided to study networking. Os here is a quick summary of some of the things that I have gathered and maybe they will able to help you.
Don't just network within your company. Go outside of your company and find the best in the industry to learn from. Not only should you be looking to learn from them you should be figuring out how to grab their attention. Conditions in the market change, companies come and go, people change. Some of these movers and shakers you meet to day might become your best distributors.
Master the art of loose connections- Malcolm Gladwell has done a great job at explaining networking in his book Tipping Point. He writes about connectors, the people that are masters at forming weak links. Tomas Stanley the author of the Millionaire Next Door would describe these people as affluent. One of the things that stood out for me the most was that those that are considered connectors are not looking at everyone as a large investment of time and money. In other words they are not trying to make best friends with everyone they like meeting people and have just find interacting with people pleasant. I have been blessed with several of these people in my life. Have you ever hear about the the six degrees of separation, I had but I did not really know how it worked. Gladwell explains the way that the six degrees of separation works. He goes over the experiment by Stanley Milgram did in the 1960′s that started the whole idea of the six degrees of separation. What I did not know is that it is not that we are connected by six individual people to everyone. We seem to be connected by what he calls connectors. Those central hubs of networking that keep us connected. If I think about it in my own life I am someone that likes to make close connections but I have been exposed to several connectors in my life. People that seem to know everyone. Gladwell alludes to the fact that being a connector is an inborn ability. Because some of my first studies into success where from Anthony Robbins and NLP I refuse to believe that Gladwell is correct in his assessment. I believe anyone that is truly willing to study those people can emulate their metaprograsm. Gladweel does a great job in describing these metaprograms. I personally will be working on becoming more of a connector. So he is what I have been able to extract so far about connector.
- They are curious about people, they are interested in human interaction. Instead of just being people watchers there are a little more involved they are more like collectors of not necessarily friendships but connections.
- They are confident enough to talk to anyone and everyone it seems as if they are great conversationalist and like to gather information about others.
- They are sociable they are not only willing to start conversations it is a draw for them to talk to others.
- They have a positive energy about themselves.
- They are givers not takers they are not there to find out how this person can give to them they are learning about the person for the sake of interest. – This is an important distinction, I see so many Network Marketers being as Ryan B would call it desperate.
For futher information I suggest that you read Malcolm Gladwell's book "The Tipping Point. To be able to learn how to make connections with these people there is a great book by the author of 'The Millionaire Next Door" called Networking with the Affluent. Connect with me on facebook or work with me by filling the form to the right.
Tagged with: how to network market • loose connections • malcolm gladwell • millionaire next door • movers and shakers • network marketing • networking • time and money • word of mouth • word of mouth advertising
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by Alexis Leanna Henshaw
While the decision to lift the combat exclusion and allow women in combat roles in the U.S. military has provoked considerable debate, women are already present and active in armed rebel groups around the world. Using data collected on 72 rebel groups active in the post-Cold War era, I show that women are acting as combatants in approximately one-third of present-day armed insurgencies. Using examples from selected cases, I discuss what lessons the U.S. armed forces might draw from the experience of women combatants in rebel groups, including the organizational pressures that may result from combat exclusion, the impacts of female advancement on organizations, and the potential strategic benefits of female combatants.
The recent decision by outgoing Defense Secretary Leon Panetta to open combat roles in the U.S. military to women has provoked considerable debate, even within the pages of this journal. While some believe that the incorporation of women as combatants will lead to reduced productivity and readiness as well as higher turnover rates,[1] others have argued that the continuation of past exclusion policies will lead to understaffing and a lack of flexibility in a military environment that requires forces to be adaptable.[2]
In this piece, I seek to highlight the ways in which women are already acting as combatants in small wars and civil conflicts—but on the side of rebel groups. I start off with a brief discussion of the complexities involved in defining who is "in combat," using the U.S. and other militaries as an example, and I then outline the definitions and methods I employ in assessing women's participation in the 72 different rebel groups I examine in my dissertation.[3] I discuss the results of that data collection, employing examples from selected rebel groups. Overall, I find that while women act as combatants less frequently than men in armed rebel groups, women are still acting as combatants in about one-third of rebel groups active in the post-Cold War era. Furthermore, women's combat participation is often gendered, by which I mean that women's experience as combatants—how they earn those positions, what they do, and the recognition they receive—is distinct from the experience of their male counterparts. I conclude this essay by returning to the debate over women in the U.S. military and discussing what U.S. military leadership may learn from the experience of women in insurgencies.
Defining "Combatants"
Regular forces often make a clear distinction between the categories of combat and noncombat roles. The U.S. Army groups combat roles under four overarching headings:
- Armor Branch. This includes tank and cavalry operations, scouting, and operation of armed vehicles including tanks and amphibious vehicles.
- Field Artillery. Includes the operation of specialized missile systems, the operation of surface weapons equipment, and "target designation" or the set up and operation of computer and radar systems associated with weapons systems.
- Infantry. The "main land combat force," with wide-ranging training and duties including: operation and mobilization of weaponry, hand-to-hand combat, scouting, communications from the front lines, weapons recovery, and processing captured persons and materials.
Special Forces. Specializing in areas where "conventional military operations" are inadequate. This includes: direct action/short strike, counterterrorism ops, foreign internal defense, special reconnaissance, unconventional warfare/guerilla warfare. There are four specialties offered within the overall category of special forces.
- Weapons sergeants. Includes weapons specialists, foreign light and heavy infantry operations, and maintenance.
- Engineer sergeants. Individuals who carry out construction and demolition of fortifications in the field, as well as surveying.
- Medical sergeants. Includes first response and trauma medical technicians.
- Communications sergeants. Includes those operating satellite, video, and radio communications, as well as encryption technologies.[4]
These descriptions by the U.S. military generally seem to align with the descriptions used by other national armed forces. However, they are not the last word in defining combat roles. Some of the duties outlined here are not roles we might expect a need for in insurgent groups. For example, many rebel groups will not have access to high-tech missile and guidance systems and will therefore not require specialized personnel to operate them. More importantly, though, any attempt to define combat roles according to these descriptions should also take into account how the definition of "combat roles" has changed over time, and specifically how the definition of combat roles has evolved in relation to women and conflict.
In the United States, the 1994 "Aspin policy" on women in combat represents an important moment in the definition of combat roles. The "risk rule" adopted by the Defense Department as part of this policy stated that positions could not be closed to women just because they are dangerous, but this did not end restrictions on combat roles. On the one hand, as a result of these changes, about a quarter of a million new military jobs were opened to women by re-classifying them as "noncombat."[5] On the other hand, though, the policy continued to exclude women from assignment to units "whose primary mission is to engage in direct combat on the ground."[6]
The result of these changes has been widespread confusion, as identified in a Rand Corporation report issued in 2007. The authors of this report found, based on discussions with military personnel, members of Congress, and DoD officials, that many did not understand the "point" of the policy, and that there was no "shared interpretation" of it. They also found that the policy resulted in a strange patchwork in which some jobs within the same Career Management Field (CMF) may be open to women, while others may be closed. For example, within the Mechanical Maintenance CMF, women may hold the position of light-wheel vehicle mechanics, track vehicle repairers, and maintenance supervisors, but they may not be mechanics on vehicles used in combat.[7] Likewise, a woman can be a gunner on a Humvee, but not on larger armored fighting vehicles that are commonly used in combat.[8]
The realities on the ground in Iraq and Afghanistan further exposed weaknesses in the way combat roles are currently classified and in the exclusion of women from certain roles. With women comprising over 10% of the personnel in Iraq and Afghanistan, creative classification techniques have been employed to get women into combat zones while skirting the restrictions on having women fill actual combat positions. For instance, regulations allow women to be "attached" to or "embedded" in units, rather than "assigned" to them. "Attachment" implies that these women's service is limited to a specific assignment for a specific period of time, but officers can and do frequently extend or renew the attachment once the specified mission or time period has ended. Therefore, while "attachment" may seem like a different type of service on paper, practically there seems to be no difference in the duties being performed by these women and those performed by their male, combat-classified counterparts.[9]
The case of Monica Brown is one example of the ongoing confusion in the U.S. military surrounding the role of women in combat. In 2007, as an Army medic with only four months of training, Brown was attached to a combat unit in Afghanistan when their convoy was ambushed by insurgents who set off a roadside bomb and opened fire on the group. Brown acted as a human shield in the ensuing fight, making her way through enemy fire to a vehicle full of injured men and throwing herself over the bodies of her badly injured and unconscious companions until they could be transported to safety. For her efforts, she was awarded the Silver Star, the country's third-highest award for valor. The award also came with controversy, however. Following the attack, Brown was removed from her unit and reassigned to a nearby base. In later interviews with the media, her commanding officer, while praising her actions, admitted that officers bent the rules by having her travel with the combat unit in the first place.[10] Her companions, including some of those whose lives she saved, also questioned whether her actions received special attention because she was a woman. One of the men she saved refused to be interviewed for a televised piece on Brown, reportedly stating that he believed Brown never should have been in a combat setting in the first place.[11] Brown herself, who continues to serve as a medic in the U.S. army, has stated that she did not want to be removed from the combat unit with which she served. In an interview after receiving the Silver Star, when asked for her opinion about the Army's restrictions on women in the front lines in Iraq and Afghanistan, she said, "There is no front line… you never know what's going to happen."[12]
The U.S. is not the only military that has struggled with issues regarding women in combat. While many U.S. allies have no legal restrictions in place to keep women from serving in combat, in practice officers in some militaries, such as the Netherlands, maintain a de facto system of separation where women who volunteer for combat roles often find themselves assigned instead to noncombat/support roles. In Israel, a quota system is in place that limits how many women get assigned to combat units. Even when those units are deployed, the women often do not go with them.[13] In the UK, women are legally restricted from several areas of service, a policy that has come under scrutiny because of EU anti-discrimination laws.[14] Canada, on the other hand, opened all of its combat roles to women in 1989. Initially, Canadian forces faced an uphill battle to recruit and train their first women for combat positions, facing little interest from women and a high failure rate on physical tests. By 2006, however, about 2% of Canada's combat troops were women, with over 1100 women total serving in either the regular or reserve combat forces.[15]
Regarding the role of women in paramilitary groups and insurgencies, similar questions exist regarding how to define who is "in combat." Luciak performs a comparative study of women in Latin American insurgencies and notes that various agencies and authors utilize different definitions of "combatant." While some sources limit the use of the term to arms-bearing combatants, other sources apply the label to those who play roles that are exclusively supportive.[16] In their typology of women's participation in terrorist organizations, Griset and Mahan use the term "Warriors" to apply to those women who engage in direct combat with the enemy. Their conceptualization is also exclusively limited to arms-bearing women.[17]
Overall, I would argue that the discussion here proves that official classifications are not reliable indicators of whether a woman (or a man, for that matter) is serving in combat. Rather, it is an examination of actual duties performed that should be used for classification purposes. A common theme among combat positions, which I include in my working definition, is that they represent an individual working in support of one side in a conflict and being exposed with regularity to a front-line environment, meaning one where they engage in or are directly supporting those who engage in close combat.[18] Close combat, as I define it here, involves hand-to-hand combat or the use of short-range weaponry. Support of those engaged in close combat, based on the foregoing discussion, can include maintenance of weapons and communication equipment in use on the front lines, scouting locations, building and dismantling fortifications, and front-line medical response.
Patterns of Female Combat Engagement in Post-Cold War Rebellions
Applying these criteria to 72 rebel groups identified by the Peace Research Institute of Oslo, Norway (PRIO) as active in civil wars for two or more years since 1990,[19] I explored the extent to which women have been involved in combat roles within these groups as part of my dissertation.[20] I again reviewed several sources related to each movement that was sampled, looking specifically at those sources which documented women's engagement with the rebel group.[21] Although women's participation in some rebel groups has been widespread enough to warrant significant scholarly attention, most of the movements included here have received little or no attention from scholars--especially as it concerns women's roles in the conflict. The sources I used to code women's participation were therefore a combination of scholarly works, NGO reports, and journalistic sources. A minimum of five sources was consulted for each movement, and at least three sources indicating women's participation in a combat role were needed to determine that women were present and acting in such a capacity.[22]
What the data reveal is that women's participation in armed rebel groups is far from being a rarity or a novelty, as it is so often portrayed. In combat roles, those associated with direct armed attacks, women clearly participate at a lower level than their male counterparts but they are active and participating in this capacity in nearly a third of all rebel groups in this time period (23 of the total 72). Looking at the contemporary organizations that feature women in combat roles, a gendering of these roles is clearly present. While women frequently perform support tasks like cooking, cleaning, teaching, and other domestic work similar to the historical role of "camp followers," they often do not receive the full recognition or status of membership in groups they support. Women have, in some places, been excluded from formal membership despite their role in providing crucial noncombat services like cooking, propaganda, espionage, and even riskier activities like recruitment and running safe houses. I found this to be the case in movements within Latin America, Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa.[23]
Women have sometimes used their support roles to lobby for status or expanded responsibilities within a group. In all but one of the organizations where I found women acting as combatants, women were also taking part in support or noncombat tasks, suggesting that there is a "stacked" nature to participation where women start as supporters, but push for greater advancement. This was certainly the case in the Eritrean People's Liberation Front, where women were denied any formalized status in the early years of the organization, but later pushed for inclusion in combat and leadership roles. By the later years of the revolution women had "broken the chains," leading units and making up more than half of the constitutional committee.[24] Likewise, in El Salvador women of the FMLN state that it was their own advocacy that won them prized positions in the organization, such as combat and leadership roles. The discrimination faced by women is demonstrated by statements like the following, from a female FMLN member interviewed by Kampwirth:
"It was not like they would say, since you are a woman you can't do that… But perhaps women did not rise up to the same leadership positions… If a man was punished they would not send him to the kitchen and in a woman's case they would."[25]
By the end of the conflict, however, it is estimated that women comprised 40% of the revolutionary council of the Democratic Revolutionary Front, the political arm of the FMLN; 40% of the commanders in the People's Revolutionary Army; and between one-third and one-half of the comandantes in the Popular Forces for Liberation and the Popular Revolutionary Bloc.[26] While it is certainly true that women in many of the organizations I examined never rise beyond support roles, these examples show that women often advocate for their own place within insurgencies, including positions where they are directly involved in armed combat.
Sexuality is also linked to the roles of women in armed rebellion worldwide. In India, female fighters in the All Tripura Tiger Force (ATTF) were told that part of their job would be to act as "honey traps" for those targeted by the organization.[27] In other instances, the strategic use of women as embodied women is implied, if not stated outright. The use of women in intelligence gathering, communication, and in smuggling people, arms, and goods is a recurrent theme and suggests a perception that women are more likely than men to evade suspicion and capture. This perception has also been widely discussed and speculated upon in relation to the phenomenon of female suicide bombers.[28]
The pattern of female service in combat roles also shows significant regional variation. While women are most frequently active in combat in Latin American and European rebel movements, women are combatants in less than half of all movements in the Middle East/North Africa, as well as in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Table 1 shows these regional patterns.
Table 1.
These cross-regional differences have partially been masked in the past by studies on women in armed conflict that are case-study or regionally focused. Among the existing cross-national literature, though, the findings on regional trends are mixed. One possible explanation for the regional differences among these post-Cold War movements is the overlap between regional and ideological difference. For example, insurgencies active in Latin America during this time period overwhelmingly adhere to Marxist ideology, and some of these groups appear to have cooperated or at least influenced one another.[29] Groups in Sub-Saharan Africa, on the other hand, are more likely to be "cult of personality"-type movements, led by warlords and lacking a clear ideological focus. While the effect of ideology is examined further elsewhere,[30] at present these data suggest that regional interactions and ideology may impact the extent to which women act as combatants.
What Can the U.S. Military Learn from Women in Insurgencies?
What is the relevance of this data for the U.S. military? I believe that there are several lessons here that should be taken into consideration in the ongoing policy debate over lifting the combat exclusion. First, even if women are not fighting for us, they may be fighting for the other side. While I do find lower levels of female engagement in theaters where the U.S. military is most active, such as the Middle East/North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Central Asia, the participation of women as combatants in this region is still noteworthy. Furthermore, the dynamic of "advancement by pressure" that is present in some of these groups I examine suggests that, over time, the many groups where women are currently present in support roles may eventually incorporate women into the ranks of combatants. A related point is the strategic element involved in utilizing women. In particular, the increasingly frequent deployment of women as suicide bombers and the widespread use of women as couriers and smugglers suggest that women are deployed by rebel groups to fill the roles where men can't or won't go. These challenges mirror elements of the strain and fatigue expressed by the U.S. military in recent years.[31] If rebel groups are able to successfully rejuvenate their ranks through the strategic deployment of women, should our military consider doing the same?
A final connection between militaries and insurgencies that may be worth considering is the "gendering" of combat roles, as referenced above. Those who express opposition or hesitancy regarding the elimination of combat exclusion policies often reference the physical abilities or limitations of women. While some national militaries like Canada's have been successful at incorporating women while requiring them to meet the same standards as men, the present study illustrates how some rebel groups have responded to gender by recognizing distinctions between the sexes and using them to the organization's advantage. While a male kidnapper may take his mark at gunpoint, a female kidnapper can act as a "honey trap" or lure. Likewise, the appeal of women as suicide bombers stems partly from their ability to penetrate spheres that have become more or less off-limits to men. A similar adaptability may be required in opening combat roles to women. The military has already shown its willingness to gender noncombat roles with the use of Female Engagement Teams in Afghanistan. In what ways might female difference be leveraged to our forces' advantage, particularly in areas such as front-line communications, scouting, or reconnaissance? Ultimately, creating a fully integrated force may require creative solutions to the anticipated and unanticipated issues that come with this change.
[1] Martin van Crevald, "To Wreck a Military | Small Wars Journal," Small Wars Journal (January 28, 2013), http://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/to-wreck-a-military.
[2] Traci Swanson and Sheila Medieros, "DoD's Combat Exclusion Policies Limit Commanders and Strain Our Current Forces | Small Wars Journal," Small Wars Journal (November 20, 2011), http://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/dod%E2%80%99s-combat-exclusion-poli....
[3] Alexis Leanna Henshaw, "Why Women Rebel: A Cross-National Analysis of Female Participation in Intrastate Conflict" (University of Arizona, 2013).
[4] U.S. Army, "Career & Job Categories," Www.goarmy.com, 2010, http://www.goarmy.com/content/goarmy/careers-and-jobs/browse-career-and-....
[5] Jake Willens, "Women in the Military: Combat Roles Considered," Center for Defense Information, 1996, http://www.cdi.org/issues/women/combat.html. Positions that were opened with the policy change included military intelligence (MI) collection, engineer companies, certain reconnaissance positions, and various headquarters positions. Margaret C. Harrell et al., Assessing the Assignment Policy for Army Women (Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2007).
[6] Michele Norris, "Roles for Women in U.S. Army Expand," NPR.org, October 1, 2007, http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=14869648.
[7] Harrell et al., Assessing the Assignment Policy for Army Women.
[8] Lizette Alvarez, "G.I. Jane Breaks the Combat Barrier," The New York Times, August 16, 2009, sec. US, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/16/us/16women.html?pagewanted=3.
[9] Ibid.; Norris, "Roles for Women in U.S. Army Expand"; Tom Anderson and Jeff Newton, "The Silver Star," 60 Minutes (CBS, 2008), http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=4639029n&tag=related;photovideo. To further heighten the confusion about women in combat, in 2010 the U.S. Army announced that it was testing its first-ever female combat uniform. This new uniform is designed to have a more comfortable fit for female soldiers and eliminates some "excess material" on the unisex uniform, which female soldiers had complained made the uniform bulky and uncomfortable. While the introduction of this uniform did not represent any official change in Army policy regarding women in combat, it was seen as a tacit recognition that women more often find themselves in combat situations "when having well-fitting clothing… can suddenly prove critical." Virginie Montet, "Finally, U.S. Army Makes Progress for Women in Uniform," Yahoo! News, October 16, 2010, http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20101016/ts_afp/usmilitarywomenuniform.
[10] Ann Scott Tyson, "Woman Gains Silver Star -- And Removal From Combat - Washingtonpost.com," May 1, 2008, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/30/AR200804....
[11] Anderson and Newton, "The Silver Star."
[12] Ibid.
[13] Norris, "Roles for Women in U.S. Army Expand."
[14] UK Ministry of Defence, "UK to Review Women in Ground Close Combat Roles," Defence Talk, May 26, 2009, http://www.defencetalk.com/uk-to-review-women-in-ground-close-combat-rol....
[15] CBC News, "Women in the Canadian Military," CBC News, May 30, 2006, http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/cdnmilitary/women-cdnmilitary.html; Molly Moore, "Canada Puts Women on Front Line," The Washington Post (Washington D.C., 1989), http://articles.latimes.com/1989-11-23/news/vw-402_1_women-recruits.
[16] Ilja A. Luciak, After the Revolution: Gender and Democracy in El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Guatemala (The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001).
[17] Pamala Griset and Sue Mahan, Terrorism in Perspective (Sage Publications, Inc, 2002).
[18] As Monica Brown points out, there may be some conflicts in which there is no literal "front line." In drafting this definition, I am open to the possibility that there will be some conflicts where all participants could rightly be considered combatants.
[19] As a starting point, I consulted the PRIO data set on intrastate armed conflicts from 1990-2008 and, using this data, I identified 140 organizations involved in armed conflict for at least two consecutive years during this time period. I then chose a random sample of 85 of these groups. Availability of data and organizational changes affecting the coding left me with a final sample of 72 groups. "Organizational changes" generally refers to the merger or splitting of groups, which occurs rather frequently. Where my research indicated that a group merged or split during the time period under investigation, I established the date of the merger or split. If a group remained unified for the majority of the period under investigation by PRIO (1990-2008), I coded it as a single group. If the group was operating as multiple organizations or factions, they were coded separately. Overall, this served to reduce rather than increase my number of cases. A complete list of cases is available as an online appendix at http://www.u.arizona.edu/~henshaw/Arizona/Research_files/Ch%205%20Append....
[20] Henshaw, "Why Women Rebel: A Cross-National Analysis of Female Participation in Intrastate Conflict."
[21] "Engagement" should not be read to indicate that I looked only at sources where women were identified as working with the rebel groups. Sources documenting women's engagement with the group also includes those sources where women were victims of attacks by a group, where women were working within civil society groups engaged with the rebels, etc. Thus these sources offer an opportunity for "positive" as well as "negative" observations.
[22] The requirement of at least three sources ensures not only a higher level of accuracy in scoring, but it also introduces an element of unimportant variation. Under these coding rules, for example, a single woman acting as a combatant in a movement is not sufficient to recognize that women are serving in a combat role within an organization.
[23] See, e.g., Vivienne SM. Angeles, "Women and Revolution: Philippine Muslim Women's Participation in the Moro National Liberation Front," The Muslim World 86, no. 2 (1996): 130–147; Amrit Wilson, The Challenge Road : Women and the Eritrean Revolution (London: Earthscan, 1991); Nana Rosine Ngangoue, "Angola-Women: Living with War in the Forests of Cabinda," Inter Press Service Newswire, May 27, 1996, http://www.ipsnews.net/1996/05/angola-women-living-with-war-in-the-fores....
[24] Worku Zerai, "Organising Women Within a National Liberation Struggle: Case of Eritrea," Economic and Political Weekly 29, no. 44 (October 29, 1994): WS63–WS68; Wilson, The Challenge Road.
[25] Karen Kampwirth, Women & Guerrilla Movements Nicaragua, El Salvador, Chiapas, Cuba (Prnnsylvn Sttr U P, 2003).
[26] T. David Mason, "Women's Participation in Central American Revolutions," Comparative Political Studies 25, no. 1 (April 1, 1992): 63 –89, doi:10.1177/0010414092025001003.
[27] SATP, "All Tripura Tiger Force, Tripura, India," South Asia Terrorism Portal, 2001, http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/tripura/terrorist_o....
[28] Among the many who have written on the topic, Bloom (2007) and Eager (2008) each devote an entire chapter to discussing women and suicide attacks. In a discussion of Palestinian suicide bombers, Bloom points out that "[s]ince the mid 1990s, it has been almost impossible for unmarried men under the age of 40 to get legitimate permits to cross the border into Israel—for any reason." Women have therefore become a valuable asset not only because they can "pass," but because they can blend in by wearing "modern hairstyles and short skirts" to suggest that they belong. Mia Bloom, Dying Dying to Kill: The Allure of Suicide Terror (Columbia University Press, 2007), 143–144.
[29] Consider, for example, the influence of the Sandinista movement in Nicaragua (not included in this sample) on groups like the FMLN in El Salvador and the UNRG in Guatemala, which are analyzed here.
[30] Ideological differences and their effects are discussed further in my dissertation, cited above.
[31] Swanson and Medieros, "DoD's Combat Exclusion Policies Limit Commanders and Strain Our Current Forces | Small Wars Journal."


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Look no further - you just found the right DJ. We worked with Paul, and he's AMAZING. He's an amazing professional, and so much fun to work with. Source 1 is great because it's a team of DJ's - so in the event something happens, they are absolutely prepared. After we met... Read More with Paul, I no longer stressed about the ceremony music or reception music - because I knew we were in good hands. I can't say enough good things about Paul. My grandfather fell at the reception. Paul was one of the first responders and it was our beloved DJ that immediately called an ambulance. Paul, if you read this, thank you, you are amazing, and we loved having you be a part of our special day!!
Thank you so much! You and Todd are two of my favorite people...EVER! I will remember Princess Peach and Mario forever!
Outstanding DJ!!! Super fun - the dance floor was packed all night! Paul is experienced, professional and absolutely outstanding. Paul works with you from the first inquiry to initial first meeting to the planning one month before and the day of the event. Source 1 DJ ROCKS!!!... Read More The owner Paul has over two decades of experience and is an amazing person. Truly, Paul is such an awesomely refreshing individual! We were so blessed to have crossed his path on our wedding journey. He's great to work with and made us smile from the first email inquiry reply to the final musical note and goodbye on May 28, 2016! Our reception was an amazing, extraordinary event that we will cherish for the rest of our lives thanks in part to Source 1 DJ!!! It was a BLAST! The dance floor was packed the entire night. They also provide up-lighting at a very reasonable prices and will even design a monogram or logo that spins around the dance floor with you. The lighting was amazing too! Paul truly is the BEST! Check out their services, you will be so happy you did!!!
I cannot say enough about this company. On April 8th (the day before our wedding) our original DJ called to say that he would not be available due to a schedule conflict. I was shocked and nearly hysterical. I spent hours crying with my fiance. It was too late to even start... Read More calling for a replacement. I thought for sure that my dream wedding was ruined. On the morning of my wedding i called the hall to tell them what happened and asked if they could recommend someone on such short notice. They gave me a list of DJs that they worked with, but at the end of the conversation she told me to call Source 1 first because they had just done her cousin's wedding and she thought they were really good. I called them at 9 in the morning even though their website said they didn't open til noon. To my surprise the phone was answered. I explained everything to Paul (the owner) and he was so calm and cool about everything. He told me they could do my wedding and gave me some options. We spent only 20 minutes on the phone and I felt so relieved. He got all of our preliminary info and said he had enough to get everything done and then he gave me the price. I was prepared for the worst and nearly screamed when his FULL price was $300 LESS than the original DJ! I went to the church feeling so much better. When we arrived for the reception they were set up and playing music for the cocktail hour. My husband and I spent a few minutes going over some minor details (specific songs and things we wanted) and that was it. From that minute on they handled everything. Paul was funny and engaging and even my grandparents danced and had a great time. When it was all over people couldn't stop telling us what a great time we had. If you want to know how I really feel about them, I am writing this on my honeymoon in the Dominican Republic instead of laying on the beach. If you need a great DJ, HIRE THEM!!
Fun DJ!Reviewed on 11/08/2015 Laura
We really enjoyed having Source 1 for our wedding ceremony and reception DJ. The value was excellent and he really listened to our music style and stuck to it while reading the crowd throughout the dance and keeping the party going. Highly recommend!
I cannot say it enough, Rich was absolutely amazing! He was our officiant and our DJ, we got so many complements on how wonderful the service was and beautiful! He also had people on the dance floor from the time he started after dinner until our very last dance. Both Paul and... Read More Rich were awesome to work with and very easy to get ahold of! Rich came up on Thursday for our rehearsal and stayed until Saturday morning, plus drove up from Illinois to Green Bay to be there! Can't say enough, would recommend them for years to come!
Paul did a wonderful job on our wedding! I got to hear all the music I had requested and my new husband even got to dance with my 89 year old grandmother to the tune of "You Make Me Feel So Young". The uplighting created an incredible ambiance and we even had a spotlight with... Read More our names and wedding date on it! Everything came together beautifully and Paul was a huge part of that! I'd highly recommend his services to anyone in the market!
Great Music-Excellent DJReviewed on 2/06/2015
Don't look any further, Paul and his crew are the BEST! Everyone knows the life of a party comes from the music and Source 1 DJ knows how to breathe life into a party. The music selection was outstanding and the staff works with you to make sure you get exactly what you... Read More want. I couldn't have wanted any more that I got. The lights set the mood, the music kept the party going strong and every detail was attended too. Source 1 DJ, by far, is an outstanding company to work with and to service your event!
Great music, great priceReviewed on 10/19/2014 Alexandra S
We went with Source 1 DJ for our wedding Sunday, Oct 12, 2014. They were able to do the music for our outdoor ceremony, cocktail hour, and indoor reception. Source 1 had every song we were looking for. Paul was very helpful, and has great taste in music. Our guests, even those... Read More that did not dance, asked for the wedding's playlist because all the songs were great. I would recommend him to anyone looking for a DJ.
Ask about discountsReviewed on 10/04/2014 L S
They have a discount for military or if referred by a wedding professional. Great lighting selection.
Paul is the best!Reviewed on 7/20/2014 Holly F
If I were to ever need a DJ again, I would hire Source 1 DJ and have Paul without hesitation. He was accommodating, very flexible in when and where we met, he was so much FUN the day of, and he is very understanding. A glass of water got dropped on one of the uplights and per... Read More the contract he found the groom to let him know (and not me as to not stress me out!). One of our guests with the groom was quite rude to Paul and he kept his cool and was very professional and respectful still!! He ended up fixing the light on his own and did not charge us for the light! He treated the bride (me) like such a queen it made my night! THANKS SO MUCH PAUL!
BEST DJ SERVICESReviewed on 3/19/2014 Melissa J
Paul was great! Everything was handled professionally from before the contract to the end of the wedding night. All our questions were answered quickly. He even came to our home for our final meeting. He played everything we requested and did not play anything off of our do not... Read More play list. Everything was amazing from the sound to the lighting to the price.
Great price - Nice employeesReviewed on 9/19/2012 Nicolet C
Everone I spoke to treated us with respect. Affordable price. They were set up and ready to go for the reception before we even walked down the aisle. He kept our guests entertained and helped us to stay on time with everything we wanted to do for the evening.
Review for Source 1 DJ ServicesReviewed on 5/10/2010 Tammy S
He played a little of everything. The selection was perfect. I will use him again. Best of all he made us a cd with some of the music.
Review for Source 1 DJ ServicesReviewed on 9/22/2007 Becki E
The owner of the company was great to work with, especially after we had our original DJ fall through. However, he was unable to do our wedding and we had another DJ from the company.;Certain traditions that we requested didn't happen, such as the bridal party dance & the... Read More dollar dance (a specifically requested family tradition). Also, the father-daughter dance was announced at a time when my father had stepped out to use the washroom and when we were waiting for him, the DJ couldn't find a backup song to play.... there was dead silence as I was standing on the dance floor while we tried to find my dad :(


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On Mon, 7 Apr 2008 12:49:01 -0700 "Richard Broersma" <richard(dot)broersma(at)gmail(dot)com> wrote: > On Mon, Apr 7, 2008 at 12:38 PM, Joshua D. Drake > <jd(at)commandprompt(dot)com> wrote: > > Did you have any ideas that you wanted to float? > > LAPUG is working on developing the group. We are contacting the local > universities and colleges with invitations to our meetings. I think > the invitation that we a sending is fairly decent. However, I think > that it would be nice if the local PUGs along with USPUG could develop > a press kit that we all could use. This would give us a formalized > way of presenting ourselves to those that we are trying to stimulate > interest. This is an excellent idea. We actually have a template flyer we could modify for EAST I think. We just need to get it into a open format. > > Also, (If practical) It would be nice if we could develop some sort of > system to allow/encourage volunteers to present their topics for other > PUGS. > Oooh... that is a great idea. Something like a talks repository and contact info for speakers. I like that. Sincerely, Joshua D. Drake -- The PostgreSQL Company since 1997: http://www.commandprompt.com/ PostgreSQL Community Conference: http://www.postgresqlconference.org/ United States PostgreSQL Association: http://www.postgresql.us/ Donate to the PostgreSQL Project: http://www.postgresql.org/about/donate
Next: From: Josh Berkus Date: 2008-04-10 22:27:25 Subject: Anybody out three? Previous: From: Richard Broersma Date: 2008-04-07 19:49:01 Subject: Re: Relationship between regional PUGS and USPUG


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SEATTLE, WA and READING, UNITED KINGDOM--(Marketwired - Jul 25, 2013) - Global supercomputer leader Cray Inc. (
ARCHER is the next generation of a national high performance computing (HPC) facility in the UK, and is the follow-on to the High-End Computing Terascale Resource (HECToR) project. The new Cray XC30 supercomputer will provide nearly four times the scientific throughput of its predecessor, HECToR, which is a Cray XE6 supercomputer. It will also be an essential system for scientists in the UK, in particular those funded by EPSRC and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC).
"One of our primary goals is to increase the ability of UK researchers to make valuable contributions to the solution of important, grand-challenge problems, and the Cray XC30 supercomputer will be a powerful tool in support of these efforts," said Professor David Delpy, Chief Executive EPSRC. "The ARCHER project advances HECToR's initiatives to assemble the computational resources necessary for breakthrough research in a broad range of disciplines, and we are pleased that Cray will continue to be a strategic partner for UK research."
The ARCHER project is focused on an overall vision to build on the existing investments in national HPC facilities so that the UK is a recognized leader on the international scene for computational science and engineering. The project provisions high-end computing resources for use in a wide range of scientific and academic research in fields such as climate, oceanography, life sciences, aerospace, and many others.
"The HECToR and ARCHER programs are the premier supercomputing facilities in the UK and widely respected across Europe, and we are honored that EPSRC will once again provide researchers and scientists with a world-class supercomputer from Cray that is highly scalable, energy efficient and reliable," said Dr. Ulla Thiel, Cray vice president, Europe. "We are very pleased to continue our collaboration and joint research initiatives with our partner institutions in the UK."
Previously code-named "Cascade," the Cray XC30 supercomputer is Cray's most advanced HPC system and is engineered to meet the performance challenges of HPC users. The Cray XC30 supercomputer features the Aries system interconnect; a Dragonfly network topology that frees applications from locality constraints; an innovative cooling system that utilizes a transverse airflow to lower customers' total cost of ownership; the next-generation of the scalable, high performance Cray Linux Environment that also supports a wide range of ISV applications; Cray's HPC optimized programming environment; and the ability to handle a wide variety of processor types, including Intel® Xeon® processors, Intel® Xeon Phi™ coprocessors, and NVIDIA® Tesla® GPU accelerators.
The Cray scalable storage solution to be deployed at the University of Edinburgh includes the Cray Sonexion scale-out Lustre system. The solution includes nearly five petabytes of capacity and 100 gigabytes per-second of applications performance. Cray Sonexion vastly reduces deployment time and simplifies Lustre for petascale solutions. Cray Sonexion provides performance scalability from five gigabytes per-second to one terabyte per-second in a single file system -- and performs optimally at scale. Management is simplified through component reduction, by over 50 percent for petascale systems.
Consisting of products and multi-year services, the contract is valued at approximately $30 million in total revenue and the system is expected to be delivered and put into production in 2013.
Additional information on the Cray XC30 supercomputer and Cray Sonexion storage system can be found on the Cray website.
About EPSRC
The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) is the UK's main agency for funding research in engineering and the physical sciences. EPSRC invests around £800 million a year in research and postgraduate training, to help the nation handle the next generation of technological change. The areas covered range from information technology to structural engineering, and mathematics to materials science. This research forms the basis for future economic development in the UK and improvements for everyone's health, lifestyle and culture. EPSRC works alongside other Research Councils with responsibility for other areas of research. The Research Councils work collectively on issues of common concern via Research Councils UK.
About NERC
The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is the UK's main agency for funding and managing world-class research, training and knowledge exchange in the environmental sciences. It coordinates some of the world's most exciting research projects, tackling major issues such as climate change, food security, environmental influences on human health, the genetic make-up of life on earth, and much more. NERC receives around £300m a year from the government's science budget, which it uses to fund research and training in universities and its own research centres.
About Cray Inc.
Global supercomputing leader Cray Inc. (
Safe Harbor Statement
This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, including, but not limited to, statements related to Cray's ability to deliver the system required by EPSRC when required and that meets EPSRC's needs. These statements involve current expectations, forecasts of future events and other statements that are not historical facts. Inaccurate assumptions and known and unknown risks and uncertainties can affect the accuracy of forward-looking statements and cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated by these forward-looking statements. Factors that could affect actual future events or results include, but are not limited to, the risk that the system required by EPSRC is not delivered in a timely fashion or does not perform as expected and such other risks as identified in the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013, and from time to time in other reports filed by Cray with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. You should not rely unduly on these forward-looking statements, which apply only as of the date of this release. Cray undertakes no duty to publicly announce or report revisions to these statements as new information becomes available that may change the Company's expectations.
Cray is a registered trademark of Cray Inc. in the United States and other countries, and Cray XC30, XE6, Cray Linux Environment, and Sonexion are trademarks of Cray Inc. Other product and service names mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners.


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Otitis Media (Secretory)
(Serous Otitis Media)
Patient Education
- Middle Ear and Tympanic Membrane Disorders
- Introduction to Middle Ear and Tympanic Membrane Disorders
- Mastoiditis
- Myringitis
- Otitis Media (Acute)
- Otitis Media (Secretory)
- Otitis Media (Chronic)
- Otic Barotrauma
- Otosclerosis
- Traumatic Perforation of the Tympanic Membrane
Secretory otitis media is an effusion in the middle ear resulting from incomplete resolution of acute otitis media or obstruction of the eustachian tube without infection. Symptoms include hearing loss and a sense of fullness or pressure in the ear. Diagnosis is based on appearance of the tympanic membrane and sometimes on tympanometry. Most cases resolve in 2 to 3 wk. If there is no improvement in 1 to 3 mo, some form of myringotomy is indicated, usually with insertion of a tympanostomy tube. Antibiotics and decongestants are not effective.
Normally, the middle ear is ventilated 3 to 4 times/min as the eustachian tube opens during swallowing, and O2 is absorbed by blood in the vessels of the middle ear mucous membrane. If patency of the eustachian tube is impaired, a relative negative pressure develops within the middle ear, which can lead to fluid accumulation. This fluid may cause hearing loss.
Secretory otitis media is a common sequela to acute otitis media in children (often identified on routine ear recheck) and may persist for weeks to months. In other cases, eustachian tube obstruction may be secondary to inflammatory processes in the nasopharynx, allergies, hypertrophic adenoids or other obstructive lymphoid aggregations on the torus of the eustachian tube and in the Rosenmüller fossa, or benign or malignant tumors. The effusion may be sterile or (more commonly) contain pathogenic bacteria sometimes as a biofilm, although inflammation is not observed.
Symptoms and Signs
Patients may report no symptoms, but some (or their family members) note hearing loss. Patients may experience a feeling of fullness, pressure, or popping in the ear with swallowing. Otalgia is rare.
Various possible changes to the tympanic membrane (TM) include an amber or gray color, displacement of the light reflex, mild to severe retraction, and accentuated landmarks. On air insufflation, the TM may be immobile. An air-fluid level or bubbles of air may be visible through the TM.
Diagnosis of secretory otitis media is clinical and uses pneumatic otoscopy. Tympanometry may be done to confirm middle ear effusion (ie, by showing lack of mobility of the tympanic membrane). Adults and adolescents must undergo nasopharyngeal examination to exclude malignant or benign tumors.
For most patients, watchful waiting is all that is required. Antibiotics and decongestants are not helpful. For patients in whom allergies are clearly involved, antihistamines and topical corticosteroids may be helpful.
If no improvement occurs in 1 to 3 mo, myringotomy may be done for aspiration of fluid and insertion of a tympanostomy tube, which allows ventilation of the middle ear and temporarily ameliorates eustachian tube obstruction, regardless of cause. Tympanostomy tubes may be inserted for persistent conductive hearing loss or to help prevent recurrence of acute otitis media.
Occasionally, the middle ear is temporarily ventilated with the Valsalva maneuver or politzerization. To do the Valsalva maneuver, patients keep their mouth closed and try to forcibly blow air out through their pinched nostrils (ie, popping the ear). To do politzerization, the physician blows air with a special syringe (middle ear inflator) into one of the patient's nostrils and blocks the other while the patient swallows. This forces the air into the eustachian tube and middle ear. Neither procedure should be done if the patient has a cold and rhinorrhea.
Persistent, recurrent secretory otitis media may require correction of underlying nasopharyngeal conditions. In children, particularly adolescent boys, a nasopharyngeal angiofibroma should be ruled out and, in adults, nasopharyngeal carcinoma must be ruled out. Children may benefit from adenoidectomy, including the removal of the central adenoid mass as well as lymphoid aggregations on the torus of the eustachian tube and in the Rosenmüller fossa. Antibiotics should be given for bacterial rhinitis, sinusitis, and nasopharyngitis. Demonstrated allergens should be eliminated from the patient's environment and immunotherapy should be considered.
Because environmental pressure changes can cause painful barotrauma, scuba diving and air travel should be avoided or delayed when possible. If air travel cannot be avoided, chewing food or drinking (eg, from a bottle) may help in young children. A Valsalva maneuver or politerization may help older children and adults.
Key Points
Secretory otitis media is noninflammatory middle ear effusion usually following acute otitis media.
Diagnosis is clinical; adults and adolescents must undergo nasopharyngeal examination to exclude malignant or benign tumors.
Antibiotics and decongestants are not helpful.
If unresolved in 1 to 3 mo, myringotomy with tympanostomy tube insertion may be needed.
Resources In This Article
- Middle Ear and Tympanic Membrane Disorders
- Introduction to Middle Ear and Tympanic Membrane Disorders
- Mastoiditis
- Myringitis
- Otitis Media (Acute)
- Otitis Media (Secretory)
- Otitis Media (Chronic)
- Otic Barotrauma
- Otosclerosis
- Traumatic Perforation of the Tympanic Membrane


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Thanks to SEJ colleague Sharon Guynup
The blistering summer and ongoing drought conditions have the prompted the U.S. Agriculture Department to declare a federal disaster area in more than 1,000 counties covering 26 states. That's almost one-third of all the counties in the United States, making it the largest distaster declaration ever made by the USDA.
The declaration covers almost every state in the southern half of the continental U.S., from South Carolina in the East to California in the West. It's also includes Colorado and Wyoming (which have been hit by devatasting wildfires) and Illinois, Indiana, Kansas and Nebraska in the Midwest. However, it does not include Iowa, which is the largest grain and corn producer in the U.S.
via U.S. Declares the Largest Natural Disaster Area Ever Due to Drought – National – The Atlantic Wire.


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I'm preparing some slides for a talk I'm doing on Monday about MWBP, POWDER and all that sort of stuff [1]. In doing so I wanted to include a screenshot of the checker. Notice anything about the title of http://validator.w3.org/mobile/ ? Not Basic, not Pro, just mobileOK. Does anyone else feel we should ask the Checker TF to amend this? Phil. [1] http://www.iir-events.com/IIR-Conf/Telecoms/EventView.aspx?EventID=1388Received on Thursday, 6 March 2008 16:39:16 UTC
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