text:
Blame Kevin Ogletree. He accepts it.
Tony Romo's second interception came in the third quarter when the Cowboys were driving to cut the Bears' lead to one score. With Dallas on the Chicago 18 yard-line, Romo found Ogletree in the middle of the field, but the ball bounced off Ogletree's hands and into strong safety Major Wright's hands.
"I just didn't reach out for it," Ogletree said. "I let it get on my chest. It was a bang-bang play. I can't do that down in the red zone."
The Cowboys have eight turnovers in the last two games. Their minus-7 turnover ratio is second-worst in the NFL next to the Chiefs, who are minus-13.
"That's what wins and loses ball games in the NFL," Ogletree said. "We've got to do our best to get to the plus-side in the turnover ratio."
-- Charean Williams
Twitter: @NFLCharean


text:
An insatiable appetite for ancient and modern tongues
An insatiable appetite for ancient and modern tongues
Name Origin. Derived from saṃskṛta, meaning 'polished', 'elaborate', 'perfect'.
Classification. Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Old Indo-Aryan. Sanskrit is the only documented language of the Old Indo-Aryan stage.
Overview. Sanskrit is, with Hittite and Mycenaean Greek, among the oldest attested Indo-European languages. It is one of the two classical languages of ancient India (Tamil is the other) with an extensive religious and philosophical literature playing an important role in linguistic studies.
Sanskrit is noteworthy not only for the numerous sound changes that words and morphemes experience as a result of their environment but also because they are reflected in writing (sandhi). It has a complex nominal and verbal morphology preserving to a great extent that of the ancestral Indo-European language and it freely uses nominal compounds, that may consist of several words, adding to an already very large lexicon. Passive constructions are very frequent as well as participial ones, the latter tending to replace the finite verb.
Varieties. Vedic or Archaic and Classical. Vedic Sanskrit (preserved in the Vedas and Brāhmaṇas) is the most ancient form of the language; it is closely related to Avestan, the Old Iranian language of the Avesta. Classical Sanskrit begins with the magisterial grammar of Panini (c. 500-400 BCE).
Status. Extinct. Vedic Sanskrit was prevalent in the northwest of the Indian subcontinent while Classical Sanskrit spread eventually to the whole of ancient India being understood mainly by the brahmanical class and the upper echelons of the warrior class. It was also a prestige language employed in inscriptions by the elites of southeast Asia. Today, it is still used in religious ceremonies.
Oldest Documents
1380 BCE. A treaty between the Hittite and Mitanni empires, inscribed in a clay tablet, mentions the Vedic gods Mitra, Varuna, Indra and Nasatya (Aśvins).
1350 BCE. A horse training manual, written in Hittite by Kikkuli 'the Mitanni', includes numerals and several technical terms in Sanskrit.
1300-1200 BCE. Rig Veda (books 2-8) containing hundreds of hymns to the Vedic gods composed in northwest India and transmitted orally during a millennium or more.
500-400 BCE. The superb grammar of Panini which was so authoritative that became normative, freezing the evolution of Sanskrit and marking the beginning of Classical Sanskrit.
150 CE. First Sanskrit inscriptions by Rudradaman I, a king of northwestern India.
Vowels (13). There are 13 in total, including 8 monophthongs, 3 vocalic liquids, and 2 diphthongs:
a) Monophthongs (8):
b)Vocalic liquids (3): ɽɪ ɽɪ: ɭə
c)Diphthongs (2): ai, au
The vocalic (or syllabic) liquids are a combination of a liquid consonant with a brief vowel (ɪ, ə). In spite of the consonant component, they behave like vowels from the prosodical and grammatical viewpoint. Two of them (ɽɪ:, ɭə) are infrequent, specially the last one which is limited just to one verb and its derived words.
Long vowels have double duration than their short counterparts. Vowel length is phonemic.
Consonants (33). Sanskrit has 33 consonants in total including 20 stops, 4 fricatives, 5 nasals, and 4 liquids/glides. The stops and nasals are articulated at five different places, being classified as labial, dental, retroflex, palatal and velar. The palatal stops are, in fact, affricates. Every series of stops includes voiceless and voiced consonants, unaspirated and aspirated, this four-way contrast being unique to Indo-Aryan among Indo-European languages (Proto-Indoeuropean had a three-way contrast only). The retroflex consonants of Sanskrit, articulated immediately behind the alveolar crest, are not from Indo-European origin. They are, probably, the result of Dravidian language influence.
[w] is realized as [v] after vowels. The voiceless glottal fricative [h], called visarga, is restricted to word-final position and it is transliterated as ḥ.
While virtually every consonant may be at the beginning of a word, final consonants are restricted to k, ʈ, t, p, ŋ, n, m. Besides, words may end in a vowel or visarga.
Sound changes at the juncture of words and between morpheme boundaries are widespread, a process known as sandhi.
Vowel gradation (ablaut) is ubiquitous particularly in conjugation and word-derivation. Different forms of the same verb, or related words, may differ in the length or quality of a vowel. In Sanskrit, vowels are classified into three strength grades: weak, middle, strong. Comparative philology shows that the normal grade is the middle one from which vowels are weakened or strengthened, as shown in the table. Vowel gradation occurs within each column e.g. the middle grade of i is e and its strong grade is ai.
Stress. A pitch (musical) accent existed in Vedic Sanskrit but disappeared in Classical Sanskrit in which only stress accent remained. Stress falls on the penultimate syllable if it is heavy (long vowel or short vowel followed by more than one consonant). If the penultimate is light, the stress falls on the antepenultimate if it is heavy, failing which it falls on the fourth syllable from the end.
Script and Orthography. The first Sanskrit inscriptions (2nd. century CE) were written in Brāhmī, the ancestor of all South Asian scripts. Later, Sanskrit was written in a variety of scripts but from the 11th century Devanāgarī ('[the script] of the city of the gods') is of standard use. It is alphabetic but with some features of a syllabary, namely every consonant has an inherent vowel a [ɐ]. To represent other non-initial vowels, diacritic vowel signs are added before, after, above or below a consonant.
The Devanāgarī alphabet consists of 46 letters ordered according to phonetic principles (below each one the standard transliteration is shown followed by its International Phonetic Alphabet equivalent).
‣First come the simple vowels, then the syllabic ones followed by the diphthongs (e and o derive from ancient diphthongs and were considered so by the native grammarians). Only the characters for the initial vowels (those at the beginning of a word) are independent, being different from the internal ones (which are diacritics dependent on a consonant).
‣After the vowels come the stops and nasal consonants divided into five groups (each of five letters) according to their place of articulation (from back to front). Within each group the order is: voiceless unaspirated stop, voiceless aspirated stop, voiced unaspirated stop, voiced aspirated stop, nasal.
‣After these five groups, follow the semivowels (liquids and glides) also arranged according to their place of articulation.
‣Finally, the fricatives starting with the sibilants.
Nominal. Sanskrit is an inflective language employing a variety of grammatical cases to indicate the relative function of nouns, adjectives and pronouns, a process called declension. All adjectives agree with their nouns/pronouns in case, gender, and number. There are three types of declension: nominal (nouns, adjectives), pronominal and numeral.
•gender: masculine, neuter, feminine. It is indicated through declension (see below).
•number: singular, dual, plural. The dual is obligatory when reference is made to two persons, things, or concepts. Number is indicated through declension (see below).
•case: nominative, vocative, accusative, instrumental, dative, ablative, genitive, locative.
The nominative marks the subject, the vocative is used to address somebody, the accusative marks the direct object and the object of verbs of motion ('entered the city'). The instrumental marks the instrument of an action, company ('came with the children'), and the agent in passive constructions ('the palace was built by the king'). The dative marks the indirect object or expresses purpose ('works to earn money'). The ablative indicates source ('came from the city') or cause and it also marks the second element of a comparative clause. The genitive indicates possession ('the son of the neighbor'). The locative marks location in space or time and also the object of a feeling ('compassionate to all animals').
Nominal declension consists in the addition of a suffix, marking case, gender and number, to an essentially invariable stem (however sandhi changes may occur at the juncture). Different paradigms exist according to the final sound and gender of the stem (there are about 30 declension paradigms).
The full declension of words ending in a/ā is exemplified with masculine noun kāma ('desire'), neuter noun dāna ('gift'), and feminine noun senā ('army'):
Declension of words ending in consonant is illustrated with masculine noun suhṛd ('friend'), feminine noun vāc ('word'), and neuter noun manas ('mind'):
Masculine and feminine consonant declensions are identical. Their suffixes (highlighted in red) are more representative, and more clearly discernible, than those employed in a/ā declensions. Masculine/feminine nominative and vocative singular, as well as the first three singular neuter cases, have zero suffix but the final consonant must change into a permitted one or visarga.
•pronouns: personal, demonstrative, interrogative, indefinite, relative, reflexive.
Personal pronouns are genderless and do not have a specific form for the 3rd person which is provided by demonstrative pronouns. They are inflected in all cases except the vocative. Some cases have shorter, enclitic, forms that are those most frequently used (shown below between brackets).
Demonstrative pronouns distinguish gender and are also fully inflected. There are five of them (three proximal and two distal). The most frequent are ayam ('this') and sa ('that').
In the dual, nominative and accusative are identical; instrumental, dative and ablative have also a common form, and the same happens with genitive and locative.
There is just one interrogative pronoun ('who?/what?') whose nominative singular is: kaḥ (masculine), kim (neuter), kā (feminine); except the nominative/accusative neuter singular (kim) it is inflected like the demonstrative sa. Indefinite pronouns and adverbs are derived from the corresponding interrogatives by adding the particles cit, cana or api.
The relative pronoun has the following nominative singular forms: yaḥ (masculine), yat (neuter), yā (feminine). It introduces relative clauses and, like all other pronouns, is declined in seven cases and three numbers (it follows the declension of the demonstrative sa).
The reflexive pronouns are ātman and svayam. The first one is declined in masculine singular for all genders, numbers and persons. The second one is invariable.
•articles: Sanskrit has no articles but demonstrative pronouns can function as definite articles, and indefinite pronouns as indefinite ones.
•compound words: Vedic Sanskrit had, like Indo-European, the capacity to form compound words, joining two, or at most three, words (usually nouns). Classic Sanskrit expanded this capacity by combining all sorts of nouns, adjectives, pronouns, adverbs, particles and verbal roots in compound words that can be very long (from 2 to 15 members or more). In a compound only the last word is declined, the others appear in their stem form.
There are four main compound types:
a)copulative, or dvandva in which two or more nouns or adjectives bear a relationship between them as it would be expressed by 'and' in English:
A teacher and a pupil.
This compound is declined in the dual number indicating that there is one teacher and one pupil. If there were more than one of them the compound would be in the plural.
b)descriptive or karmadhāraya in which the first element stands in an attributive relation to the second:
A black bird.
c)dependent or tat-puruṣa in which the head is involved in a relationship with the other members of the compound as it would be expressed by an oblique case (from accusative to locative):
The world of the gods.
Here, the relationship is a genitive one.
d)exocentric or bahu-vrīhi in which the whole compound qualifies a word outside itself:
aśva-mukhaḥ naraḥ
horse-face man
A horse-faced man.
This type of compound usually ends in a noun that behaves like an adjective agreeing in case, gender and number with the word it qualifies. In the example, even if mukha is a neuter noun it is declined as masculine to agree with naraḥ.
Verbal (Classical Sanskrit)
There are three conjugation types: primary, secondary, and periphrastic. Primary conjugations are the standard ones. Secondary, or derivative conjugations, add a particular sense to the verb. Periphrastic conjugations use auxiliary verbs.
Copulative verbs are frequently omitted and often the verbal function is conveyed by participles. Verbal roots are often preceded by one or more inseparable prepositions, called preverbs, that can change their meaning.
•person and number: 1s, 2s, 3s; 1d, 2d, 3d; 1p, 2p, 3p. The use of the dual is obligatory when the subject consists of two persons, animals or things. Gender is not distinguished except in participles.
•voice: Sanskrit is exceptional among Indo-European languages for having three voices, active, middle, and passive (Ancient Greek also distinguished three voices, but only in the aorist and future). The active and middle voices have their own personal endings. The passive voice is formed by adding the affix -ya- to the root plus middle personal endings.
In the active voice the subject of the verb is the one that performs the action (the agent). In the middle voice the subject performs the action and is, at the same time, the recipient of the action (it is the agent and the patient). In the passive voice the subject is the patient (the recipient of the action) while the agent (if it is mentioned) is usually expressed by the instrumental case.
Frequently, the passive voice is agentless (the agent is not mentioned because it is not relevant) or impersonal (it lacks a subject and uses always the 3rd. singular). Passive constructions with a known agent tend to rely on the past passive participle (see below).
•mood: indicative, optative, imperative, subjunctive (only in Vedic Sanskrit), injunctive (rare), precative (rare).
The optative expresses possibility, capability or (less frequently) wish. The injunctive is more common in Vedic Sanskrit than in Classical Sanskrit; in the latter it is usually restricted to express prohibition (accompanied with the negative particle mā). The precative or benedictive is used to express wishes and prayers.
•tense: present, future, conditional (extremely rare), and three past tenses, namely imperfect, aorist, and perfect. In spite of their names, the three past tenses do not differ in aspect and there is little or no functional difference among them. The optative and imperative moods have (in classical Sanskrit) only present tense.
The present has ten different conjugations, four of which are 'thematic' (they are marked by an infix ending in the thematic vowel a) and six are 'athematic' (they have no infix or have an infix ending in another vowel). In thematic conjugations the stem is the same for all persons and numbers, in the athematic ones there are vowel changes (ablaut) in the root or in the infix in the singular persons of the active voice. All classes have the same personal endings (called 'primary') with a few minor differences. Let's see the conjugation of the 10 classes in the active voice of the present indicative:
A) Thematic (classes 1, 4, 6, 10): bhū ('be'), nṛt ('dance'), viś ('enter'), kath ('narrate').
black: root
red: class infix
blue: personal endings.
The a of the infix is lengthened before m/v (in the 1st persons).
In classes 1 and 10 the root adopts the middle grade; in classes 4 and 6 the root remains in its weak grade.
B) Athematic (classes 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9): dviṣ ('hate'), hu ('make an offering'), su ('press out'), chid ('cut'), tan ('extend'), jñā ('know').
black: root
brown: reduplication of the root
red: class infix
blue: personal endings.
Classes 2 and 3 have no infix; in class 3 there is reduplication of the root (h reduplicates as j); in class 7 the infix intercalates within the root. The root in classes 2-3 and the infix in the remaining classes adopt the middle grade in the singular persons of the active voice.
The imperfect of the indicative, the optative and the imperative derive from the present stem. The imperfect is marked by the prefix a, the optative by the infix ī or yā, the imperative has no marker. The imperfect and the optative use 'secondary personal endings', the imperative has its own personal endings.
The future, the perfect and the aorist are not based on the present stem; they have their own stems, instead. The future is marked by the infix -(i)sya- and uses 'primary endings'. The aorist, like the imperfect, is marked by the prefix a and has 'secondary endings', but it has a different stem. The perfect is distinguished by reduplication of the verbal root and by having its own set of personal endings.
The conjugation of bhū ('be') is as follows:
black: root, brown: marker of imperfect and aorist, red: class I infix
green: optative infix ī fused to the class marker (a + ī = e), and future infix
purple: reduplication, blue: personal endings.
•secondary (derivative) conjugations: causative, desiderative, intensive, denominative.
Secondary conjugations add an infix to the root (accompanied in some of them with reduplication of the root) to extend its meaning.
The causative, marked by the infix -aya-, conveys the idea of 'to cause to', 'to make to'. For example, the causative of the verb gam ('to go') means 'to make go', 'to lead', 'to conduct', 'to send', and that of the the verb dṛś ('to see') means 'to cause to see' i.e. 'to show'.
The desiderative, marked by reduplication of the root and the infix -sa-, expresses the desire to do something.
The intensive, marked by reduplication and the infixes -ī- or -ya-, indicates a repeated or intense action.
Denominative verbs, which derive from a nominal root by adding the affix -ya-, confer to a noun the notions 'to be or act like', 'to make', 'to practice'. For example, from the noun tapas ('austerities') derives the denominative tapasyati ('he practices austerities').
•periphrastic conjugations: periphrastic perfect, periphrastic future.
Periphrastic conjugations require an auxiliary verb. The periphrastic perfect is a specialized tense used as the past tense of a secondary conjugation (causative, desiderative, intensive); it is formed with one of three possible auxiliary verbs: as ('be'), bhū ('be'), or kṛ ('make'). The periphrastic future, formed with the auxiliary as, is not widely used; it should indicate a precise occurrence in the future and is usually accompanied by an adverb of time.
•non-finite forms: infinitive, gerund, participles.
The citation form of the verb (the one found in dictionaries) is not the infinitive but the verbal root. The infinitive, formed by adding the suffix -(i)tum to the root strengthened to the middle grade, is used in conjunction with verbs expressing possibility, desire or obligation. It may be also used with other verbs to express purpose as an alternative to the dative case.
The gerund is formed by adding the suffix -tvā to the root, or by adding -ya to it when it is preceded by a preverb. It signals than an action happened before another one and is, thus, generally followed by another verbal form (finite or non-finite).
Each tense and voice has a participle. All participles are declined like adjectives. There are ten participles though some are seldom used:
past perfect active (rare), past active, past perfect middle (very rare), past passive
present active, present middle, present passive
future active, future middle, future passive (gerundive)
The past passive is the most important participle. It is formed by adding -(i)ta or, sometimes, -na to the root. It frequently serves as an adjective but it can also function as a verb, most often in passive constructions though some participles can have an active meaning and replace a finite verb.
The past perfect active participle is infrequent in Classical Sanskrit being replaced by a new formation, the past active participle (derived from the past passive participle by adding the suffix -vat).
The present participles express an ongoing action or an action that is simultaneous to another.
The future passive participle, known as gerundive, expresses obligation or necessity.
Word order is quite free though not totally random. There is a tendency to Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order, though OSV is also fairly common. Genitives and adjectives usually precede their nouns. For example, in the poem Buddha Carita (2.2):
dhanasya ratnasya ca tasya tasya
wealth jewel and varied
blue: genitive neuter singular
kṛta-akṛtasya eva ca kāñcanasya
wrought-unwwrought and of gold
kṛta-akṛtasya: copulative compound
tadā hi na ekān sa nidhīn avāpa
then for not few he treasures gained
red: accusative masculine plural
brown: nominative masculine singular
avāpa: perfect preterite, 3rd singular (ava √āp)
For then, he gained not few treasures
of varied riches and jewels,
of wrought and unwrought gold.
Here, the order is subject (sa)-direct object core (nidhīn)-verb (avāpa); the adjective (na ekān) and genitive complement precede the subject.
This neutral order is, often, changed due to prosodical, rhetorical or esthetic reasons. For example in Bhagavad Gītā 2.23 it is OVS as the subject is less relevant than the fact that the soul is indestructible; besides enam is an emphatic demonstrative pronoun:
na enam chindanti śastrāṇi
not him cut swords
enam: accusative masculine singular
chindanti: present indicative, 3rd plural (√ chid)
śastrāṇi: nominative neuter plural
na enam dahati pāvakaḥ
not him burns fire
dahati: present indicative 3rd singular (√dah)
pāvakaḥ: nominative masculine singular
Swords do not cut him (the soul),
fire does not burn him (the soul).
Relative clauses are separate from main clauses and generally precede them, like in Bhagavad Gītā 2.19:
yaḥ enam vetti hantāram
who him believes slayer
yaḥ: nominative masculine singular (relative pronoun)
vetti: present indicative 3rd singular (√vid)
red colour: accusative masculine singular
yaḥ ca enam manyate hatam
who and him thinks slain
manyate: present indicative 3rd singular (√man)
ubhau tau na vijānītaḥ
both they two not understand
ubhau/tau: nominative masculine dual
vijānītaḥ: present indicative 3rd dual (vi √jñā)
Who believes him (the soul) a slayer
and who thinks him (the soul) slain,
neither of them understand.
Here, we have two relative clauses, each beginning with the relative pronoun ya, that connect with the main clause through the demonstrative pronoun sa inflected as dual (tau) to agree in number with them.
Nominal sentences (without a verb) and participial constructions are very frequent. Like in this example from the Bhagavad Gītā 4.5:
bahūni me vyatītāni janmāni tava ca arjuna
many of me passed births of you and Arjuna
brown: nominat. neuter plural
blue: genitive singular
green: vocative masculine singular
vyatītāni: past passive participle
Many (have been) my past births and yours, Arjuna.
There is extensive use of compound words, often including several members, like in this poem of Bhartṛhari (compounds, except copulative ones, are translated sequentially starting from the end):
you-communion-on account of-born-good action-abundant-shining-immaculate-
jñāna-apāsta-samasta-moha-mahimā līye para-brahmaṇi
knowledge-discarded-completely-illusion-power I absorb in the supreme-spirit.
brown: nominative masculine singular
grey: locative neuter singular
līye: present indicative 1st singular
(middle voice) of √lī.
I absorb (myself) in the supreme spirit, the power of illusion (having) completely discarded with immaculate knowledge shining abundantly through the good actions born on account of my communion with you.
The vast majority of Sanskrit words are of Indo-European pedigree. However, the language incorporated a number of Dravidian and, to a lesser proportion, Munda loans. Some Iranian and Greek loans crept into Sanskrit at a later period.
Basic Vocabulary
one: eka
two: dvi
three: tri
four: catur
five: pañca
six: ṣaṣ
seven: sapta
eight: aṣṭa
nine: nava
ten: daśa
hundred: śata
father: pitṛ
mother: mātṛ
brother: bhrātṛ
sister: svasṛ
son: sūnu
daughter: duhitṛ
head: śiras
face: mukha
eye: akṣan
hand: hasta
foot: pāda
heart: hṛd
tongue: jihvā
Key Literary Works (diacritics are not used here, except ś and ñ)
1300-1000 BCE Rig Veda (Knowledge of the Stanzas). Anonymous
A collection of more than one-thousand hymns addressed to a variety of gods of the primitive Indo-Aryan religion.
900 BCE Śatapatha Brahmana (Brahmana of the One Hundred Paths). Anonymous
An explanation of Vedic ritual, remarkable for its account of some early myths.
700-200 BCE Upanishads (Sitting at the feet [of the guru]). Anonymous
A collection of a dozen texts, some in prose, some in verse, some very long, some very short, concerned with the absolute principle called Brahman. They contain in germ many philosophical speculations.
400 BCE-400 CE Mahabharata (The Great [war] of the Bharata). Anonymous
The most extensive of the two epics of India, and one of the longest poems in the world, containing besides its narrative core a great wealth of mythological, religious, philosophical, normative, ritual, folk, and technical material.
100 BCE-100 CE Bhagavad Gita (The Song of the Lord). Anonymous
A religious poem (included in the Mahabharata) where Krishna reveals himself as the supreme god and teaches different paths to salvation, namely the path of selfless action, the path of knowledge, and the path of devotion.
100-200 CE Ramayana (The adventures of Rama). Anonymous
The other epic of India, recounting the rescue of Sita, the abducted wife of the hero Rama, with the help of an army of monkeys.
100-200 CE Buddha Carita (Acts of the Buddha). Aśvaghosha
Having as subject the life of Buddha, it is the first of the elaborate narrative poems known as mahakavya ("great poems"), more literary in style than the epics and Puranas.
300 CE Mric Chakatika (The Little Clay Cart). Śudraka
An early and long play in ten acts intertwining political and erotic intrigues to reach a climatic denouement.
400 CE Kumara Sambhava (The Birth of Kumara). Kalidasa
Perhaps the most famous of the mahakavyas, it artfully combines narrative and exquisite description to recreate the well-known myth of the birth of the war-god.
400 CE Megha Duta (The Messenger-Cloud). Kalidasa
A gracious lyric poem in which an exiled lover yearning for his distant wife prays a passing cloud to deliver a message to her describing the landmarks to be found in the trip.
400 CE Śakuntala. Kalidasa
The best drama of the three extant of Kalidasa and a masterpiece of classic Sanskrit theatre, based on a story of the Mahabharata.
400 CE Vishnu Purana. Anonymous
One of the most celebrated of the 18 Puranas ("Histories"), the major scriptures of Hinduism. It tells about the periodic creation and destruction of the universe, the genealogies of gods and sages, the reigns of the various Manus (progenitors of mankind), and the history of the legendary solar and lunar dynasties.
500 CE Śataka Traya (Three Hundred [poems]). Bhartrihari
Three collections of one hundred poems (each one of a single stanza), in a wide variety of meters, devoted to morality, love and renunciation.
500 CE Pañca Tantra (Five Books). Vishnu Śarman
A popular collection of moral stories and fables told to three ignorant princes in order to teach them the principles of good government.
600 CE Harsha Carita (The Acts of Harsha). Bana
A hyperbolical "biography" of emperor Harsha by the court poet Bana written in a brilliant, though extremely overwrought, prose.
700 CE Uttara Rama Carita (The Later Deeds of Rama). Bhavabhuti
A play based on the last book of the Ramayana where an unheroic Rama suffers the pangs of anguish and guilt for having banished his wife Sita, unjustly suspected of being unfaithful.
© 2013 Alejandro Gutman and Beatriz Avanzati
Further Reading
-The Sanskrit Language. T. Burrow. Faber & Faber (1955, reprinted by Motilal Banarsidass 2001).
-'Sanskrit'. G. Cardona. In Indo-Aryan Languages, 104-160. G. Cardona & DH. K. Jain (eds). Routledge (2003).
-'Sanskrit'. S. W. Jamison. In The Ancient Languages of Asia and the Americas, 6-32. R. D. Woodward (ed). Cambridge University Press (2008).
-Sanskrit: An Introduction to the Classical Language. M. Coulson. Hodder & Stoughton (1992).
-A Sanskrit Grammar for Students. A. A. MacDonell. Oxford University Press (1926).
-A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages. M. Monier-Williams. Motilal Banarsidass (1899, reprinted 2005). Available online at: http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/monier/webtc/index.php
-Héritage du Sanskrit. Dictionnaire sanskrit-français. Gérard Huet (2013). Available online at:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
The DNC hack has rocked the foundation of the Democrat establishment, and according to Julian Assange, you ain't seen nothing yet.
Thus far, we've learned that the DNC conspired against Bernie Sanders in the primary. We learned the DNC asked MSNBC to pull a commentary segment that portrayed Hillary negatively – and they also conspired to create false information about Trump which they wanted to release to the media. We also learned Hillary is so unpopular among young voters that the DNC had to pay young voters to push back against Sanders supporters online.
These emails are just embarrassing, but at least for Hillary, nothing criminal had been released. Yet.
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton knew that the US was sending arms from Libya to Syria back in 2011, a year before the Benghazi consulate attacks. Hillary Clinton denied she knew about the weapons shipments during public testimony (under oath) in early 2013 after the Benghazi terrorist attack.
(Last week), Julian Assange told Democracy Now that the Wikileaks DNC emails contains information on the weapons shipments to Syria.
Julian Assange: So, those Hillary Clinton emails, they connect together with the cables that we have published of Hillary Clinton, creating a rich picture of how Hillary Clinton performs in office, but, more broadly, how the U.S. Department of State operates. So, for example, the disastrous, absolutely disastrous intervention in Libya, the destruction of the Gaddafi government, which led to the occupation of ISIS of large segments of that country, weapons flows going over to Syria, being pushed by Hillary Clinton, into jihadists within Syria, including ISIS, that's there in those emails. There's more than 1,700 emails in Hillary Clinton's collection, that we have released, just about Libya alone.
So let's just take a moment to digest this revelation. Using your private email server for transmitting classified information might be "careless" as far as the FBI is concerned. But funneling arms to terrorists cannot be dismissed as careless. And perjuring yourself during public testimony cannot be dismissed as careless.
How will Hillary respond to this one? Most likely, something along the lines of "what difference, at this point, does it make?"
[Note: This post was authored by The Analytical Economist]


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Chilled Tuscan-Style Tomato Soup
The lush summer flavors of Tuscany shine in this refreshing, easy-to-make cold tomato soup. We blend cubes of country bread in with the tomatoes, giving this soup a thicker body and a velvety mouth-feel.
Total Time:
Level: Easy
Yield: 4 first-course servings
Serves: 4
- 1 tsp. olive oil
- 1 clove garlic
- 2 c. (1-inch cubes) country-style bread
- 3 lb. ripe tomatoes
- ¼ c. fresh basil leaves
- Additional basil leaves
- 1 tsp. sugar
- ½ tsp. salt
- In small skillet, heat oil on medium until hot. Add garlic and cook 1 minute, stirring. Remove skillet from heat.
- In food processor with knife blade attached, pulse bread until coarsely chopped. Add tomatoes and garlic; pulse until soup is almost pureed. Pour soup into bowl; stir in chopped basil, sugar, and salt. Cover and refrigerate until well chilled, at least 2 hours or overnight. Garnish each serving with basil leaves. Makes about 6 cups.
More recipes like this
From: Good Housekeeping
More From Recipes


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Making sense of math
The old days of math class went something like this: The teacher would scrawl out a problem on the chalkboard, show the class what she was doing, and then hand out worksheets for her students to replicate it.
There's no question that approach worked for some. But for many, it didn't, leading students to fall behind in math. That's because there is always more than one way to answer a math problem. But rote memorization ignores this and discourages many students from pursuing math.
"Children are intuitive about math," said Iowa Department of Education Consultant Judith Spitzli. "They have a basic understanding about how to go about solving a math problem. But it has to make sense to them for the full understanding."
And it's that very concept – helping children understand how math is applied in our world, in addition to understanding how to use the mathematical procedures – that is at the heart of a professional development program, Cognitively Guided Instruction, or CGI, for educators. The professional development has brought some 400 educators across the nation to Des Moines during the Seventh Biennial National Mathematics Conference July 10-12.
The conference is co-hosted by the Iowa Department of Education and Iowa State University's Center for Excellence in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Education.
The conference educates teachers to recognize the different forms of student learning and how to adapt their teaching styles to ensure all students are progressing. It also enables the teacher to get students to the next level of understanding and complexity of mathematics.
"Students go about figuring out math problems in different ways," said Department Consultant Richard Bartosh. "For instance, if you have eight rocks and then pick up some more, some students will count them altogether and arrive at 14. Others will count out eight and separate them from the pile, and then continue counting until they get to 14. From there, they will go back and figure out how many they had to add to get to 14. Yet another group might count out 14, take eight they started with and move that out and count the remaining number. Still another group will say, 'Well, I have eight, and I know that seven-plus-seven is 14, and so if I already have eight, I need six more to get to 14.'"
Bartosh said these different approaches recognize that kids of different ways of approaching math problems.
"If you're taught just one way of thinking about math problems, it's sort of like expanding a student's ability to spell words without explaining the definition of them," he said. "They may know how to spell them, but they will not have any way of applying the words to their world."
Studies show that both Iowa and the nation are not effectively competing in mathematics achievement internationally. And the jobs that most nations seek – those in the science and engineering fields – require strong math and problem-solving capabilities.
"If you look at our graduate schools in engineering and science here in this country, you will find that most of the students are international," Bartosh said. "That underscores the importance of American schools building a strong base in mathematics and being able to solve problems in a variety of ways."


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December 24, 2011
Fears Over French Breast Implants Spread Worldwide
Concern over substandard breast implants manufactured by a now-defunct French firm and made from industrial silicone has begun to spread around the world, while the French and British governments found themselves at odds with the extent of the problem and the best way to deal with it.
According to Kate Kelland and Daniel Flynn of Reuters, fears about the implants -- which had been manufactured by Poly Implant Prothese (PIP) and created from a cheaper type of silicone usually used for electronics and computer parts -- have spread throughout Europe, as well as to Australia and South America.PIP was shut down in 2010, but not before an estimated 300,000 of the implants in question were used in cosmetic surgery Kelland and Flynn reported Friday. The silicone used in those implants was not approved medical use by healthcare officials, but was industrial-grade material that was available for approximately one-tenth of the price of medical-grade silicone.
Alexandra Blachere, the head of a French PIP implant patient group, told Reuters that there could be up to 400,000 potential victims globally. Blachere added that women from Italy and Spain had already been in contact with her organization, and that she had seen reports emanating from Brazil, Venezuela, and in other locations around the world.
In a separate report, Brian Love and Daniel Flynn said that French government officials have urged 30,000 women in that country to have the implants removed, due to the likelihood that they "could rupture and cause inflammation and irritation," though they noted that there was no established link that they could increase a woman's chance to contract breast cancer.
However, in the UK, Chief Medical Officer Dame Sally Davies said that the up to 40,000 British women who received the PIP implants "should not be unduly worried."
"We have no evidence of a link to cancer or an increased risk of rupture. If women are concerned they should speak to their surgeon," adding that removing the implants "carries risks in itself."
"I do think that every woman who has these implants should go and get checked ... It's better to have them replaced than to worry about them rupturing," British woman Pat Demetriou, who had faulty PIP implants removed in 2010, told Love and Flynn.
According to Angela Charlton of the Associated Press (AP), the French government has offered to pay medical costs for any of the women who are interested in having the implants removed.
Conversely, British health officials, citing the lack of any link between the implants and breast cancer, have said that they will only cover costs of implants that had already ruptured, Telegraph Health Editor Rebecca Smith wrote Friday. Those seeking the removal of the implants as a preventative measure will have to foot the bill themselves.
"At the moment we are in a position where we have no evidence of a link to cancer," Health Secretary Andrew Lansley told BBC News. "We have no evidence of toxicity, we have no evidence of substantial difference in terms of ruptures of these implants compared to others"¦ So we don't have a safety concern that would be the basis for the routine removal of these implants."
The British news agency also cited a statement from the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Authority (MHRA) which said that they recognized that women had concerns over the PIP implants, but that their agency currently had "no evidence of any increase in incidence of cancer associated with these implants and no evidence of any disproportionate rupture rates other than in France."
They also said that the rupture rate in the UK was 1%, compared to 5% in France.
In related news, PIP founder Jean-Claude Mas is now reportedly a wanted man. The 72-year-old man, who allegedly was a former butcher, according to media reports, was featured in a "red notice" on the Interpol website. According to Reuters, Mas is wanted for "life and health" offenses in Costa Rica.
Earlier this week, AFP's Olivier Thibault reported that an estimated 2,000 women had filed police complains and a criminal investigation had been launched into the entire affair.
On the Net:


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The mobile market is experiencing some serious growth. As more and more nonprofits begin to test the waters with mobile, here's some great stats for you to share with your team.
There are approximately 792 mobile apps downloaded per second.
While that's an impressive statistic, be careful about getting sucked into shiny object syndrome. Before you run out and spend a lot of money building an app, consider what kind of app would truly serve the needs of your audiences. How is your app going to provide real value to your constituents and to the extent that they will want to continue use it daily or weekly?
Be sure and also talk to your audiences and get their input on what they would find valuable in an app. It's important that we not build products in a bubble. One of my favorite quotes from Mal Warwick when he discusses guiding principles for fundraising is to tell donors what they want to know, not what you want them to know. That same principle should be applied to building apps too.
More Mobile Data
- Video content accounts for 52% of all mobile data traffic.
- There are 1,627 mobile status updates on Facebook per second.
- There are about 13M mobile Twitter users.
Check out some of this infographic that shows the explosive growth of mobile.
And here are the sources from the infographic
- http://transition.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2010/db1021/DOC-302324A1.pdf
- http://www.readwriteweb.com/mobile/2011/11/mobile-app-inflection-point-25.php
- Nielsen, State of the Media: Mobile Media Report 2012
- http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white_paper_c11-520862.html
- http://danzarrella.com/new-data-on-mobile-facebook-posting.html
- http://thesocialskinny.com/100-social-media-statistics-for-2012/
- http://www.underworldmagazines.com/social-media-mobile-devices/
- http://thenextweb.com/socialmedia/2012/01/19/instagram-could-hit-1bn-photos-by-april-twice-as-fast-as-flickr-managed/
- http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white_paper_c11-520862.html


text:
Tuesday, March 24, 2009
Thursday, March 19, 2009
Smells like spring...
Sitting on the plane to Lisbon again, I don't even remember when was the last time I posted an entry. What I know is that I didn't feel like and/or wasn't able to doing it for quite a while. Changes need adjustment; adjustment needs time; time is a limited resource. And, of course, after such a long silence, there are good news and bad news to share. The 2008 accounts were closed with a positive financial result, the audit was conducted and no problems were found; David, the new Financial Director has finally arrived, took immediately over and I got my life back and a big relief. On the other hand, Jessica, my new Assistant, is getting better and better everyday and contributing to my ease of mind too. Together with Klavdija, Jessica and David brought back the sense of a management team, and I have to say that not only I enjoy it, but I am also convinced that my successor will inherit a great team of collaborators who will make her/his life easier. And that makes me happy and proud. But, the same way that my succession becomes an increasingly close reality, the end of my contract too: already had my last FCC meeting, will soon have my last CBMA meeting and, then, my last Bureau meeting... less than three months to go. The good news in that front is that I was shortlisted for interviews for that job I would really like to get; it is still a long shot, and I am sure that the competition will be fierce, but I am glad to get this chance and will try to make the best out of it. Getting this job would mean to prolong my stay in Brussels, but it would also mean a nice break of a couple of months in-between jobs, and I would really welcome the opportunity to enjoy a bit longer period of holidays this time. And, anyway, Brussels isn't as bad as it sometimes looks... I know that this statement will bring an ironic smile to the faces of many of you; but it's true and I really mean it. The weather is definitely not half as nice as Lisbon's; the city itself isn't half as beautiful as Lisbon; there are far too many things about Brussels that I hate or dread... but, at the end of the day, Brussels is also about the opportunities and especially about the people. And, on these matters, I have to admit that Brussels offers a lot of interesting and challenging opportunities, and that it is the home to many people I would miss very much if I would leave now. This doesn't mean that I have taken a definite decision or that I want to stay in Brussels; it rather means that, under certain conditions, I wouldn't mind staying. And that this job would definitely make me stay. This job and some people. Right now, however, I am going to enjoy another couple of days in Lisbon. You all know how much I enjoy these visits, as they allow to combine professional responsibilities with spending time with good friends and my beloved son. This time, the excitement is even higher as spring seems to be already fully installed in Lisbon, with a forecast of sunny days and maximum temperatures in the high twenties. Lisbon is always a beautiful city, but not many places in the world can beat the beauty of a sunny day in Lisbon, when the city is framed between the blue waters of the river and the blue skies above... hard to express by words, so I will try to take pictures and make it clearer for you. The program for today includes attending the Award ceremony of the North-South Prize at the Portuguese Parliament. This year the Prize will be awarded to Queen Rania of Jordan and former Portuguese President Jorge Sampaio, and therefore I guess that the ceremony (and the security around it) will be quite high-level. The ceremony will then be followed by an always pleasant dinner with a group of great friends who like good food and whiskey with lots of ice. Or ice with lots of whiskey. It depends. Tomorrow, after the meeting of the Executive Council of the North-South Centre, there will be time to spend with Francisco, and I can't wait for it! The truth is that, as I wrote above, there are also some bad news that I could share... but, who cares about bad news on a sunny day in Lisbon? I don't!


text:
Retail Preview: Aloha Sand Company, Noteworthy, Crappy Kids
Honolulu Night Market will be jumping on Saturday night in the newly revitalized Kaka'ako neighborhood, thanks to PowWow's talented artists and the neighorhood's brand new murals. In the warehouse, Aloha Sand Company will be offering their unique, multi-dimensional, children's t-shirts that were created using real Hawaiian sand, while Noteworthy will have upscale, street-contemporary menswear for sale. And Crappy Kids will be out on the street selling their unique t-shirts, with live music and artists signings.


text:
What's NewRSS
October 27, 2013 - Commentary
Reasons to Talk to North Korea: An Op-ed by MacArthur President Robert Gallucci
The following op-ed by Stephen Bosworth and MacArthur President Robert Gallucci appeared in The International New York Times.
October 27, 2013 - In The Media
"Reasons to Talk to North Korea"
The New York Times
October 22, 2013 - From The Field
Physicists Share American Physical Society's 2014 Leo Szilard Award
Each received the award for promoting global security issues through critical analyses of nuclear weapons and nuclear energy programs in India.
September 10, 2013 - From The Field
Website for Bloggers in India, Pakistan Encourages Cross-Border Dialogue
The Stimson Center launched the site to promote discussion of security issues and promote normal and cooperative relations between the two nations.
August 22, 2013 - Publication
Inside the 17-year Mission to Secure a Legacy of Soviet Nuclear Testing
A report from the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs examines that effort and distills lessons for future efforts to reduce and ultimately eliminate the threat posed by nuclear materials.
August 16, 2013 - In The Media
"Saving the World at Plutonium Mountain"
From The Washington Post
June 25, 2013 - From The Field
How a Huge U.S. Nonproliferation Program Became a Major Proliferation Concern
An ambitious federal project to convert weapons-grade plutonium into commercial nuclear reactor fuel is one of the most troubled, technically complex, costly, and controversial efforts to secure nuclear material, according to the first in a series ...
April 11, 2013 - Commentary
"North Korea... Again" a Commentary by MacArthur President Robert Gallucci
In a Huffington Post Op-Ed, Gallucci shares his thoughts on dealing with an increasingly belligerent North Korea.
February 27, 2013 - Video
The Stimson Center
Applying analysis and outreach to address global security challenges
The Stimson Center drives pragmatic solutions to build international peace and security through a unique combination of analysis and outreach. By engaging policymakers, policy implementers, and civil ...
February 19, 2013 - Speech
MacArthur President Robert Gallucci Addresses ASAN Nuclear Forum
MacArthur President Robert Gallucci speaks about nuclear security in his keynote address at the ASAN Nuclear Forum in Seoul, South Korea.


text:
Making lives better through lasting personalized gifts. Helping businesses grow and achieve their goals.
Done right, on time. Guaranteed. Accurate, Fast, Friendly, and Flexible.
All Customer Reviews for "Leatherman Wave"
Average Customer Review: 7 Reviews
Write an online review and share your thoughts with others.
Great Groomsmen Gifts, 3.27.2015
Reviewer: Matthew A. (Metuchen, NJ)
My groomsmen couldn't be happier. Everybody uses theirs and the engraving looks great!
Exceeded expectations, 8.14.2014
Reviewer: Nick Kovacs (Bloomington , WI)
We all want to deal with folks that actually honor what they say they will do. Lazerdrsigns is exactly that type of organization. I ordered a Leatherman Wave as a very special gift with a tight deadline. They didn't meet the deadline, they beat it..outstanding job!
Gorgeous Product, 5.6.2014
Reviewer: A_Starr (APO, AE)
I purchased the Leatherman Wave for an anniversary present for my bf. I had it customized with is name and ordered it in the flat black option. It made it to me in under 2 weeks. (I live in England and it usually takes things from the states around 1 month to arrive.) The product is beautiful and I can't wait till my bf opens it. I know he is going to love it.
This is a great company with great products and I will def. use them again!!
Thank you!!!
personalized leatherman, 12.25.2013
Reviewer: Tiffany (, )
Awesome product. Gift for father/pop pop and the laser etch personalized it perfectly!!
Fast shipping!, 3.4.2013
Reviewer: Tony M (Houston, TX)
This purchase was a gift so I cannot comment on the utility or durability of this item. However, it was shipped very quickly and the laser etching looked great. Thanks!
Leatherman Gift, 10.14.2012
Reviewer: Ed T (Fountain Hills, AZ)
I bought this item and had it engraved for a 15-year old that had achieved Eagle Scout. Big event, and the perfect gift for an ambitious young man...your laser engraving was SUPERB! It made the knife very personal not only as a valuable tool, but as a keepsake for life
Leatherman Wave, 1.30.2012
Reviewer: col ollson (innisfail, qld)
very pleased,done a great job. thanks very much
Back to Leatherman Wave
Back to Leatherman Wave


text:
Kansas Cemeteries
From FamilySearch Wiki
Revision as of 06:41, 7 January 2011 by 127.0.0.1 (talk) (<A script created by the FamilySearch Wiki Engineering Team modified a link on this page so it will not break when the Family History Library Catalog changes in late December.>)
The Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) collection contains tombstone inscriptions from Kansas cemeteries. This collection is described in Kansas Genealogy. Inscriptions from headstones in hundreds of small graveyards in every county of the state are recorded in Don L. Ford, Abandoned and Semi-Active Cemeteries of Kansas, 3 vols. (Decorah, Iowa: Anundsen Publishing, 1983-85; Family History Library book 978.1 V3f.)
- Another collection of tombstone inscriptions is Cemetery Records of Kansas, 18 vols. (Salt Lake City, Utah: Genealogical Society, 1956-64; Family History Library book 978.1 V22; films 873686-90; fiche 6051176.) The index is in Family History Library book 978.1 V22 index; film 1320674 item 42).
- The Reno County, Kansas, Genealogical Society Web page site has interment lists for all fifty four county cemeteries.
- The Topeka State Hospital, a publicly funded institution for the care and treatment of the mentally ill in Topeka, Kansas, was in operation from 1872 to 1997. For some, the grounds of the hospital became their final resting place. There is a searchable index to the 1157 individuals buried in the hospital cemetery. With only a few exceptions, individuals were buried without a headstone.
Because most individuals were buried in unmarked graves, hospital officials used a grid pattern and designated gravesites by their distance from stone markers placed at the end of each row. The 'Location' is the distance in feet and inches from the eastern marker west to the gravesite.


text:
International Manual
The International Manual contains up to date guidance for HM Revenue & Customs staff on key international tax issues including practical guidance on working transfer pricing and thin capitalisation cases.
We will continue to expand and update the Manual to include guidance on new legislation and litigation which has become final.
If you have any comments on this Manual, or suggestions for improvement, please send them to:
Sarah MarksCTIS Business International100 Parliament StreetLondonSW1A 2BQ
Internal readers should use the feedback button on the intranet left bar.
How to use this Manual
Tables of contents
You can use the tables of contents to drill down to the pages you need.
Internal users can search the Manual by using the 'search this manual' button on the intranet left bar.
The left bar is not available to internet users. Instead search the Manuals area using your chosen keywords and look for results in the International Manual (INTM page references).
This manual includes quotations from two OECD publications:
- the Model Tax Convention on Income and Capital, © OECD 2010, and
- The OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations, © OECD 2010
The copyright owner of this material remains OECD.


text:
Usually ships in 1 day
Additional Styles
Kay Oxfords
The Kay is in a league of its own, part of Cat Footwear's Legendary Raw collection this shoe is sure to turn heads no matter what the occasion. Its stylish cut and trendy bow is going to keep you and your outfit on trend. You'll like it so much you may just want to buy all three colors! Tumbled Nubuck/Full grain leather or Full grain leather upper. Micro fiber lining. Micro fiber sock liner. Rubber outsole. Cement construction.


text:
With Gas at $4 per Gallon, It is Time to End the Giveaways to Oil Companies
"With American families struggling under the burden of $4 per gallon gasoline, there is no justifiable reason taxpayers should be subsidizing oil companies currently making near-record profits," said Democratic Whip Steny Hoyer. "It is time for Republicans to make their priorities clear: Will they side with taxpayers or will they side with oil companies who don't need the handout? Ending these subsidies is not just good policy, it is simple common sense."
Today, the Senate will vote on a measure to end the billions of dollars per year we spend on unnecessary taxpayer handouts to oil companies. Will Senate Republicans vote to preserve this giveaway at a time of high gas prices, near-record profits for oil companies and a bipartisan consensus that we must bring down our national debt? Even Speaker John Boehner himself has said the oil companies "ought to be paying their fair share." While House Republicans have already voted numerous times this year to protect these handouts, will their counterparts in the Senate finally take a stand?
The Experts Agree: Ending the Subsidies Will Not lead to Higher gas prices or Higher Taxes:
- The Joint Economic Committee: "In reality, most of the so‐called incentives have no impact on near‐term production decisions, and thus repealing them would have no effect on consumer energy prices in the immediate future. Even in the longer term, the current proposed changes to these tax provisions would have little impact on global production and a negligible effect on consumer energy prices."
- The Center for American Progress: "Unfortunately, some… have begun to repeat API's claim that eliminating tax loopholes is the same as a tax increase. Nothing could be further from the truth. These tax loopholes are 'tax expenditures' that provide taxpayer-funded subsidies to Big Oil companies via the federal tax code instead of through direct grants."
- Further analysis by the nonpartisan Congressional Research Service predicts a negligible impact on the price of gasoline if the subsidies are eliminated changes.
- The five largest oil companies have made nearly $1 trillion in profits over the past ten years—including an astounding $36 billion in profits in the first quarter of 2011 alone.
- Even John Hofmeister, the former CEO of Shell Oil, recently told National Journal; "In the face of sustained high oil prices it was not an issue—for large companies—of needing the subsidies to entice us into looking for and producing more oil."
The Public Clearly Does Not Support Keeping These Taxpayer Handouts:
- A recent CAP poll found that; "…taxpayer-funded subsidies for oil companies make voters furious — as our research has shown for some time. A 73 percent majority supports eliminating these giveaways, with 57 percent strongly supporting this action."
When it comes to ending taxpayer handouts for big oil companies, the numbers just don't add up. With gas at $4 per gallon, it's time to end the billions of dollars we give away to oil companies.


text: Linus Torvalds wrote:>>>>> Yes, it does:>>>> /* We need to decide which NOP sequence to use for 32bit and>> 64bit. When -mtune= is used:>>>> 1. For PROCESSOR_I386, PROCESSOR_I486, PROCESSOR_PENTIUM and>> PROCESSOR_GENERIC32, f32_patt will be used.>> 2. For PROCESSOR_PENTIUMPRO, PROCESSOR_PENTIUM4, PROCESSOR_NOCONA,>> PROCESSOR_CORE, PROCESSOR_CORE2, and PROCESSOR_GENERIC64,>> alt_long_patt will be used.>> 3. For PROCESSOR_ATHLON, PROCESSOR_K6, PROCESSOR_K8 and>> PROCESSOR_AMDFAM10, alt_short_patt will be used.>>>> When -mtune= isn't used, alt_long_patt will be used if>> cpu_arch_isa_flags has Cpu686. Otherwise, f32_patt will>> be used.>>>> "alt_long_patt" uses NOPL and its variants.> > That is A TOTAL PIECE OF SH*T, and against gcc's own documentation.> > "-mtune=x" is very much defined to be a performance _tuning_ option, not > an "architectural" option. > > Quite frankly, this is a gcc bug. Plain and simple. > OK, digging some more into this garbage...Apparently the situation isn't quite as dire as it first seems.At least gcc 4.3.0 doesn't actually pass -mtune= to gas; it just drops the option on the floor. This means this bug isn't manifest when calling from gcc (as opposed to invoking as directly.)However, I would still like to push the following patch to be on the safe side, ok? -hpaFrom 0fbbf1008e5177677dbdb6292d94ec40df965d82 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001From: H. Peter Anvin <firstname.lastname@example.com>Date: Mon, 8 Sep 2008 12:01:48 -0700Subject: [PATCH] x86: prevent binutils from being "smart" and generating NOPLs for usbinutils, contrary to documented behaviour, will generate long NOPs (aP6-or-higher instruction which is broken on at least some VIA chips,Virtual PC/Virtual Server, and some versions of Qemu) depending on the-mtune= option, which is not supposed to change architecturalbehaviour.Pass an explicit override to the assembler, in case ends up passingthe -mtune= parameter to gas (gcc 4.3.0 does not appear to.)Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <email@example.com>--- arch/x86/Makefile_32.cpu | 5 +++++ 1 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)diff --git a/arch/x86/Makefile_32.cpu b/arch/x86/Makefile_32.cpuindex e372b58..b72b4f7 100644--- a/arch/x86/Makefile_32.cpu+++ b/arch/x86/Makefile_32.cpu@@ -45,3 +45,8 @@ cflags-$(CONFIG_MGEODEGX1) += -march=pentium-mmx # cpu entries cflags-$(CONFIG_X86_GENERIC) += $(call tune,generic,$(call tune,i686)) +# Bug fix for binutils: this option is required in order to keep+# binutils from generating NOPL instructions against our will.+ifneq ($(CONFIG_X86_P6_NOP),y)+cflags-y += $(call cc-option,-Wa$(comma)-mtune=generic32,)+endif-- 188.8.131.52


text:
US says MH17 disaster is "moment of truth" for Russia
Washington demands Moscow end alleged support for Ukraine's pro-Kremlin rebels
US secretary of state John Kerry: Said there was "a build-up of extraordinary circumstantial evidence" to suggest the separatist militants were to blame. Photograph: EPA/Jim Lo Scalzo
The United States has launched a stinging attack on Russia for allegedly aiding rebels Washington believes shot down an airliner over Ukraine last week, telling the Kremlin it faces "a moment of truth" in the eyes of the world.
Secretary of state John Kerry said there was "a build-up of extraordinary circumstantial evidence" to suggest the separatist militants were to blame for the death of 298 people when a Malaysia Airlines flight from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur was brought down on Thursday.
"We picked up the imagery of this launch. We know the trajectory. We know where it came from. We know the timing," he said, adding that the US believed a 150-vehicle convoy of armoured vehicles and rocket launchers had crossed from Russia into insurgency-hit eastern Ukraine a few weeks ago.
"It's pretty clear that this is a system that was transferred from Russia," Mr Kerry said of the SA-11 missile system that Washington believes brought down flight MH17.
Russian president Vladimir Putin has said Ukraine must take responsibility for a disaster in its airspace, and some Moscow officials and rebels in eastern Ukraine have blamed Kiev's armed forces for downing the plane. Mr Kerry flatly rejected such suggestions.
"The separatists are in control" of parts of eastern Ukraine, he said.


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Scarlatti, Oratorio per la Santissima Trinita
Roberta Invernizzi, Véronique Gens (sopranos), Vivica Genaux (mezzo), Paul Agnew (tenor), Roberto Abbondanza (bass), Ensemble Europa Galante/ Biondi (Virgin Veritas 7243 5 45666)
Among the last of the 40 oratorios of Alessandro Scarlatti, this profoundly cerebral work was written in Naples in 1715, when the 55-year-old composer still had 10 years left to live. Yet it has the ring of a musical farewell to arms, as he ended his oratorio-writing career with a dry theological debate between Faith (Invernizzi), Divine Love (Gens), Theology (Genaux), Time (Abbondanza) and Infidelity (Agnew). For all its lack of theatrical drama, these fine soloists breathe unlikely life into its 49 short sections, thanks to lively accompaniment from the excellent Europa Galante under Fabio Biondi.


text:
December 30, 2012
Spying On & Breaking the Occupy Movement
Naomi Wolf, Guardian
AP Photo
It was more sophisticated than we had imagined: new documents show that the violent crackdown on Occupy last fall – so mystifying at the time – was not just coordinated at the level of the FBI, the Department of Homeland Security, and local police. The crackdown, which involved, as you may recall, violent arrests, group disruption, canister missiles to the skulls of protesters, people held in handcuffs so tight they were injured, people held in bondage till they were forced to wet or soil themselves –was coordinated with the big banks themselves.
TAGGED: Occupy, Guardian