text: Top Third Ag Marketing Report by Mark Gold March 1, 2012 09:34 AM Tweet TAGS: Marketing, Overseas December 18, 2014 By AgWeb.com Editors Email Updates Daily throughout the week! Updated two times every trading day, Mark Gold of Top Third Ag Marketing offers up-to-the-minute analysis of the day's market action and trends. Along with these daily reports, Mark is a frequent guest on both AgDay and U.S. Farm Report. He can be reached toll free at 1-877-TT-HEDGE. Pre-Opening Audio Comments Closing Audio Comments Click here to get the latest Windows Media Player Back to news

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Toronto will face off against the newly reincarnated Jets at the Air Canada Centre tonight. Â Winnipeg finally picked up their first win of the season on their fourth try, having scored only 7 goals over that span. Â Offense will be a struggle all year long for a Jets team that features former Leafs Nik Antropov and Kyle Wellwood in their top six. Â At the other side of the ice, the Leafs have their usual set of publicized "concerns" that evaporate as quickly as they arise in the early days of hockey season in Toronto. Â As such, there's a number of storylines going into tonight's matchup, with the biggest being: will the Grabovski line start scoring soon? (spoiler: the answer is yes.) Â Has Luke Schenn lost his way? Â Did the Jets need to charter two separate planes to carry both Byfuglien and Wellwood?
Yes, these are all ridiculous questions mired in hyperbole. Â Different city, different jersey, but these are the same Atlanta Thrashers that have seemed to engage the Leafs in some exciting, high-scoring affairs in recent years. Â James Reimer will get the start in net tonight and Jake Gardiner will draw back into the lineup at the expense of Cody Franson.
If there's been a game for the Grabovski line to silence the growing rumble of their doubters, it's tonight's matchup against a club they dominated last season.  Mac in the USSR torched the former Thrashers for 23 points (12 goals) in four contests in 2010-2011.  The players themselves are keeping the right mindset despite the relentless beating of dull media questioning, insisting they know that they'll produce and that they just have to maintain their work ethic.  Work ethic will also have to be the trademark of Nazem Kadri's game, after his demotion to the Marlies earlier today.  With Tim Connolly also returning soon, there will be some interesting lineup decisions to be made in short order.
One force on the Jets that the Leafs will have to account for is their goalie, Ondrej Pavelec. Â Pavelec has his inconsistencies and has had to deal with injuries in the past, but is capable of putting up stretches of game-changing goaltending. Â Toronto will look to get to Pavelec quickly, as he turned in a magnificent, focused showing against Pittsburgh two nights ago that usually belies an impending streak of hot play. Â Either way, tonight will be an important opportunity for Toronto to gather some momentum before they embark on their first road games of the year.
Maple Leafs Lineup
Lupul-Bozak-Kessel MacArthur-Grabovski-Kulemin Frattin-Lombardi-Armstrong Dupuis-Steckel-Brown
Gunnarsson-Phaneuf Liles-Schenn Gardiner-Komisarek
Jets Lineup
Ladd-Little-Wheeler Burmistrov-Antropov-Wellwood Kane-Scheifele-MacLean Glass-Slater-Thorburn
Byfuglien-Enstrom Bogosian-Stuart Meech-Oduya


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|The park on Highway D east of I-43 in the Town of Belgium is open daily. Admission is a Wisconsin State Park sticker. Daily stickers are $7 for Wisconsin residents and $10 for nonresidents. An annual sticker is available to $25 for Wisconsin-licensed vehi
|Written by MARK JAEGER
|Wednesday, 31 August 2011 14:00
Development director says local unemployment numbers on the rebound
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Family Medicine Residency: Didactics
Departmental Conferences and Special Workshops
Didactic Opportunities
Family Medicine residents enjoy a weekly academic half day of protected time (five hours) to focus on didactics, procedures, and research.
Our program features a strong emphasis on obstetrics, and inclusion of integrative medicine, geriatric care, and home health care principles across the curriculum.
Wednesday Core Conference
- Protected half-day of didactic, academic learning organized around organ systems
Special Workshops and Focused Learning Opportunities
- Staged Diabetes Management
- Full day workshop to learn progressive management of diabetes patients
- Gestational Diabetes Management
- Half-day workshop to learn management of patients with gestational diabetes
- Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO)
- Each resident takes the ALSO course in PGY-1 and again in PGY-2 or PGY-3
- Designed to enhance skills and improve confidence handling labor and delivery emergencies
- Interdisciplinary Simulation and Education Center Learning
- Hands-on, situational learning to build teamwork and skills
- Takes place in HCMC's state-of-the-art Interdisciplinary Simulation and Education Center
- Adolescent Workshop
- Intensive training for PGY-2 residents
- Presented annually
- Specially trained high school students (generally those who are peer educators) role play teens visiting the doctor
- Residents interview and interact with the teens, and then gain real-time feedback from both the teens and faculty facilitators


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Do you suffer from repulsive fungus infection?
Do you suffer from repulsive fungus infection?
This one-of-a-kind eBook on how to fight nail fungus will show you exactly how you can start eradicating your stubborn yellow, thick, painful nail fungus infection today
A must-read for any man or woman who desperately wants to stop the embarrassment and emotional, mental and physical pain that comes with living with Onychomycosis, or more commonly known as nail fungal infection.
You'll start to see dramatic results within 60 days of applying the recommends this eBook GUARANTEED! Or your money back!
From: Nancy White, 7:04 PM
Dear Friend,
As you sit there reading this letter, you know how embarrassing and socially limiting it is to be afflicted with a nail fungus infection, be it on your toe nails or finger nails.
Having nail fungus – discolored, disfigured, raised and thick toenails and fingernails – can seriously damage your self-image and greatly limit, restrict, inhibits your options in life.
In fact, the mere sight of your ghastly discolored, disfigured nails may cause people to shun you as if you're afflicted with a terrible contagious disease.
No, they just wouldn't want to be in contact with you, or anywhere near your unsightly, infected nails.
Full blown Fungal Infection is simply very difficult to treat.
Of course you know you need to get rid of your nail fungal infection. But no matter how hard you tried, you just can't seem to get rid of the infection.
Maybe you've tried different medications, creams, sprays and home remedies, and followed all the confusing and contradicting nail fungal treatment options you've read online…but regardless of your efforts, nothing you do ever work.
That's because fungal infection, when already full blown, is very difficult to treat and takes many months to completely heal.
And if treated ineffectively and improperly, it will only keep recurring and will spread from one toe or finger nail to another until your whole foot or hand is infected.
It can even spread to other members of your family.
And if you're not careful, your fungus infection can cause other complications that go beyond the infected area.
But there's hope…
But what if I'll tell that there's actually an easy way for you to heal completely your stubborn fungus infection without poisoning your body with chemicals and without spending thousands of dollars on dubious medications and endless doctors visits?
Would you be interested to know exactly how?
In a moment I will show you exactly how you can do it… but first let look into some very pressing reasons why you should treat your nail fungus infection starting right now.
Your Nail Fungus Can Greatly Limit Your Options in Life
As you may have experienced, your fungus infection can actually cause alienation and prevent you from living a normal, healthy life and doing whatever you choose to do most especially in public.
Here are just some of the ways that your fungal infection may sabotage your life and your happiness…
It can be a source of great anxiety when going to public places. You can't go to the beach, swimming pool and trip to your corner grocery store without worrying about concealing your "dirty" looking toe or finger nails.
It can ruin your romantic life. Can instantly turn off the woman or man of your dreams.
Prevents you from getting a job that require dealing with the public if the fungus is in the fingernail.
Can cause you to hurt all the time, especially for the advanced cases.
Can lead to more serious complications that can further limit your options in life and cost you more money.
Are you beginning to see why, indeed, you need to treat and eliminate your fungus infection urgently?
That's why I'm very excited to introduce you to my brand new book for effectively eradicating fungal nail infection using safe, inexpensive homeopathic and home remedies that's been proven to work for generations.
In fact, if you follow correctly the techniques outlined in my eBook, you are virtually assured of eliminating your infection regardless of how long you've been afflicted with it and what type of fungal infection you have. And you will see very promising improvements in as little 4 to 6 weeks.
Eliminate the Root Cause of Your Nail Fungus Infection, Prevent Recurring Outbreaks, and Achieve the Lasting Healthy, Clear Nails You Deserve
Hi my name is Nancy White. Spurred by my disappointment with a budding relationship that was unceremoniously nipped at the bud just because of fungus nail infection on the part of my date that drastically turned me off, I decided to look deeply into nail fungus infection or Onychomycosis with the aim of helping the poor guys and girls who unfortunately stricken with this unsightly disease.
And thus after months of intensive research, I'm now eager to reveal all of the secrets I learned about how to cure fungal infection.
From getting a thorough understanding of your fungal nail infection, how you got it, to how you can get rid of it and prevent its recurrence using safe, inexpensive and readily available natural home remedies that's been proven to work for generations.
You'll even find eleven (11) safe ingenious formulas shared by former fungal nail infection sufferers who actually cured themselves from fungus infection using said formulas.
You'll find all these in my amazing new eBook called, "Home Treatment for Nail Fungus Infection: Fight Nail Fungus Grow Natural Nails".
OK Nancy, exactly what will "Fight Nail Fungus Grow Natural Nails" do for me?
Here's a sneak peek at what you'll discover in "Home Treatment for Nail Fungus Infection: Fight Nail Fungus Grow Natural Nails":
Why it's imperative that you get rid of this contagious fungal infection as soon as possible. (Page 4)
An in-depth look at what a nail fungus, what it needs to rapidly grow and multiply… and why it is so debilitating (pages 6)
Are you at risk of contracting a fungus infection? Learn the 5 medical conditions, and the 9 environmental factors that can make you more susceptible to fungal nail infection. Know these factors and you'll greatly improve your chances of avoiding further infection. (page 10)
The 9 tell-tale signs of an emerging fungus infection. If one of your nails has one or more of these symptoms, you should start treatment right away before it's too late (page 14)
Want to see how your nail fungus infection will look like if you leave it untreated? You'll see a gallery of scary full-color close up shots of the more severe cases of 7 different kinds of fungus infection. (pages 16 – 19)
Learn how you should attack the fungus, and what you should do to prevent bothersome recurrence avoid a secondary infection that can cause permanent and disfiguring damage.. (page 20)
The shocking secret drug companies don't want you to know about. The 3 popular prescription oral anti-fungal medications that you'd be better of avoiding. One of these drugs can cause potential liver damage and even birth defects in pregnant women other side (page 24).
The 4 over the counter medical treatments that hold the most promise and what you should watch out for if you decide to try them (page 22)
Why surgery is generally not recommended as treatment for nail fungus… and the rare instance when it's the only option. (Page 24)
How to prevent your fungal infection from spreading to surrounding nails, and to your family member and friends. (Page 16)
Learn the one thing you may consider doing BEFORE you start your fungal treatment to ensure the best outcome 11 tips and tricks to reduce the risk of contracting nail fungus infections and promote the growth of healthy nails in a fungus-free environment. Simply follow these tips and you'll avoid the trouble of dealing with hard to treat and bothersome nail fungus (pages 38- 39)
Discover an often-overlooked rule to ensure that the fungal infection is eradicated forever. (page 27)
Discover the three safe, inexpensive, and effective homeopathic treatments and the one that you should consider avoiding and why. (Page 27)
And the 16 time-honored natural home remedies and 11 tried and true easy-to-follow home formulas that are not only proven to be very effective for treating fungus infection but are also safe for long term use (which is the key in treating nail fungus) and outright cheap. The ingredients of most of these home remedies can in fact be found in your bath and kitchen and cost way less than the price of prescription medication or over-the-counter lacquers. (Pages 28 to 37)
And that's just a fraction of what you'll find out in my "Home Treatment for Nail Fungus Infection: Fight Nail Fungus Grow Natural Nails" eBook.
Can you see clearly now why you should own this book today (in fact, you can be reading in as little as 5 minutes from now!).
By the way, I thought I should mention that you can only get this eBook from me. This is not available in libraries or anywhere else on the net.
Click Here To Order Securely Through ClickBank
All you need is a credit card, no special internet accounts or anything like that. And it's totally secure. Your credit card data is passed directly to the bank and no one but the bank has access to your sensitive information.)
Take control of your life and do what you want, whenever you want
Imagine a year from now and you're able to go barefoot again whenever you desire…wear cheap sandals or expensive open toe shoes…go to the beach shoeless and worry-free and (if you're a woman) wear your favorite nail polish. . Wouldn't that be fantastic?
Or what about if you could finally stop worrying about sharing your towels, wash clothes or other personal items with your loved ones family for fear of spreading the fungal infection…
…or being able to join the family trip to the water-park or neighborhood summer barbeque without having to wear closed footwear just to conceal your unbelievably unsightly and smelly toenails.
How would that feel if you could do all this again?
The information you'll find in my eBook will help do all these and more…
What's a resource like this worth?
So let me ask you: How much would you be willing to pay to enjoy all these simple joys of life once again?
I bet you'd be willing to pay as much as you can hundreds and even thousands of dollars, if you can.
But with my brand new eBook, you're not going to spend anywhere that amount…not by a long shot… even though if you hire someone do all this research for you to come up with the kind of detailed and comprehensive information you'll find in the eBook, it would normally cost you around $1000 (I should know, that's what it cost me!).
Which is why my "Home Treatment for Nail Fungus Infection: Fight Nail Fungus Grow Natural Nails" ebook is such a bargain at $27.95.
That's right, just a fraction of what it's really worth or what it cost me to research.
Now why would I make it so affordable? Simply because I truly want to help as many fungal nail infection sufferer as I possibly can get rid of their fungus infection and improve their health, emotional well-being and chances of succeeding in in life.
Besides, this is an electronic book (e-book) that can be downloaded to your computer in a flash. My costs to deliver it to you are so low.
Which also means you can be reading it and discovering all these amazing secrets in as little as 5 minutes from now.
So I figure I'll be able to offer this fantastic resource of information to more people. And make my investment back over time.
No matter what however, $27.95 is a bargain for you.
But for a limited time only, you can get my "Home Treatment for Nail Fungus Infection: Fight Nail Fungus Grow Natural Nails" at a hugely discounted introductory price of only $17.
Click Here To Order Securely Through ClickBank
Yes, $17 – a drop in the ocean compared to what you learn with these secrets.
I'm giving this to you at this low, low price of $17 as a special introductory price. But once I get a few more testimonials from satisfied customers, and demand for my eBook increases, as I expected it will, the price will increase even more than the original price of $27.95. In fact, at least double the steeply reduced price of $17.
So you'll want to be quick if you want to save some money.
And don't worry, if for any reason you're not happy with the content, you have a complete guarantee to protect your investment.
Hey, you're my customer. And if you're not happy, it looks bad on me. So if you're not happy with what you discover from "Home Treatment for Nail Fungus Infection: Fight Nail Fungus Grow Natural Nails" I don't expect … or want … to keep your money. Just simply whip off an email to me and I'll happily refund your money in full (in fact, I'd be embarrassed to keep it).
But… the e-book is yours to keep no matter what,
as a "thank you" gift from me!
Okay? So you really can't lose! The e-book's yours no matter what.
That's about as fair as it gets, don't you agree?
But You're Going to Like This Part Even More…
Well let me tell you what I'll also do to make this the best investment you ever make…
As you start your journey towards living a healthier, happier fungus-free life, with the invaluable help of the proven homeopathic and home remedies you'll find in "Home Treatment for Nail Fungus Infection: Fight Nail Fungus Grow Natural Nails" eBook, I'm going to throw in some free bonuses that will help you succeed even more.
And these bonuses are literally worth more in money terms than my e-book itself — but you'll get them all ABSOLUTELY FREE by simply grabbing your copy of my ebookright now.
Here's what I'll throw in:
FREE BONUS #1: "Self-improvement Handbook"(Value $14.95). This little handbook is designed to help you figure out and focus on what in life. The proven tips, strategies and guidelines you'll find this electronic handbook will help you define your priorities, clarify what is really important to you, and help you focus on your most important goals. This comprehensive guide provides a 7-day crash course on how to unlock your self-improvement power and boost your self-confidence and self-esteem to all time high.
FREE BONUS #2: "101 "Everyday" Ways to Lose 10 Pounds"(Value: $9.95) If you ever wanted to lose weight but just don't have the time to really focus on it, this thoroughly researched report on 'everyday' ways to maintain a healthier lifestyle is just right for you. You'll discover tips on how to avoid common diet and exercise mistakes. You'll also learn about fat burning, metabolic enhancing foods and other proven weight loss tips, and more.
FREE BONUS #3: "Healthy Living Guide"(Value: $19.95) Living a positive lifestyle, filled with passion and vitality can make all the difference. This eBook will show you an easy-to-follow step-by-step guide to maintaining optimum health.
These Bonuses are each worth every cent… But they're yours FREE
But I don't know how long I'll keep these bonuses up there. It's part of a marketing test I'm doing. They're worth a lot to me in my heart, and at any time I could take them down forever. So if you want them, get in quick.
You really can't leave this page empty handed, can you?
For a mere $17, you're getting all your questions about fungal nail infection answered and much MORE.
That's because by getting your copy of "Home Treatment for Nail Fungus Infection: Fight Nail Fungus Grow Natural Nails" eBook today, you'll be set on course to getting rid of your fungus infection forever without spending thousands of dollars on expensive medications , laboratory tests and repeated doctors visits.
You'll also save precious hours by not having to sit your doctor's waiting room, wait long pharmacy lines, and most importantly by not having to do any research on your own.
That's because I've already done the hard work of searching, analyzing and separating facts from myths for you, and compiled all of them into a neatly packaged easy-to-follow step by step guide for aggressively treating and effectively eliminating your fungal nail infection in the soonest possible time.
Just imagine being able to finally be free of your nail fungal infection and reclaim your life starting right now.
So stop procrastinating. Act now. Try the Home Treatment for Nail Fungus Infection: Fight Nail Fungus Grow Natural Nails" eBook today, RISK-FREE
Click Here To Order Securely Through ClickBank
Wishing you great success.
Nancy White
P.S. Don't forget, you're getting $72.82 worth of eBooks for just a tiny fraction of that price. Everything to get you started in curing your fungus infected nail and start growing healthy nail again safely, effectively and inexpensively. So if that's what you want to do, this is the opportunity you've been waiting for. Click Here To Order Securely Through ClickBank
P.P.S. Remember, your investment in eliminating your nail fungus infection is backed by my Iron-Clad 60-day money back guarantee. You must be absolutely delighted with my eBook, convinced fully that the proven, safe, natural formulas outlined in my eBook will actually help you get rid of your fungal nail infection very soon. Otherwise, you can request a full, No Questions Asked refund within the first 60 days. Try the "Home Treatment for Nail Fungus Infection: Fight Nail Fungus Grow Natural Nails" eBook now, Risk-Free.
P.P.P.S Just in case you're wondering if it is safe to purchase online from my website… The merchant processor, Clickbank, has an excellent track record of safety and security for online purchases. Upon clicking the order button, you'll be transferred to Clickbanks' processing center. Clickbank uses the latest encrypting technology for a secure and approved merchant process as indicated by a yellow lock at the bottom of the page during your order.


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Christopher Meloni to "Suck at Girls" on FoxMatt Richenthal at . Comments
Christopher Meloni is on his way to Fox.
The former Law & Order/True Blood star will headline I Suck at Girls, an adaption of the Justin Halpern book by the same name.
The single-camera sitcom will focus on Meloni's Jack Dunlevy, an oncologist and a veteran who doesn't take any crap from anyone. With his wife going to law school late in life, the character will be forced to take a more active role in the lives of his children than ever before.
Halpern will write the pilot, while Bill Lawrence (Scrubs, Cougar Town) is on board as an executive producer.
Matt Richenthal is the Editor in Chief of TV Fanatic. Follow him on Twitter and on Google+.


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I am a member of the Collective Bias® Social Fabric® Community. This shop has been compensated as part of a social shopper insights study for Collective Bias® and Mohawk Flooring #cbias #SocialFabric #licensetospill All opinions are my own.
Last Saturday I took Monkey to the Long Grove Chocolate Festival to learn more about Mohawk flooring. She was so excited to 1) get one on one time with me and 2) to be able to try some chocolate. She definitely has a sweet tooth! We started off the festival heading straight for the Mohawk #LicenseToSpill station to hear what they had to say.
They gave Monkey a bottle of soy sauce and let her loose on the new Mohawk SmartStrand carpet. The rep at the booth said you can spill anything on it and get it out with just plain water. No more carpet cleaners! All you need is a dishrag, some warm water, and mild detergent, like dish soap. Even tough stains, like ketchup, red Kool-Aid, even red wine will clean easily out of SmartStrand carpet. I need some of this carpet in my house badly! We get a marker dropped on our carpet at least once a week and our old dog messes almost daily. It would be wonderful to not have to pull out my giant carpet cleaner at least once a week! Unlike most carpets that have stain resistance that wears off, Mohawk's SmartStrand carpet has permanent stain and soil resistance that will never wear off.
You can see in the picture how easily the soy sauce is coming off with just the water. I forgot to take an after picture, but believe me, it looked great! If you're interested in winning a 6′ x 9′ Silk bound SmartStrand rug, please visit http://www.mohawkflooring.com/LicensetoSpill/Chicago/. It is super easy to enter. You will also get a coupon to bring in and get a cushion upgrade with the purchase of your carpet.
The chocolate wasn't running yet while we were there, but there was a chocolate fountain provided by the Sweet Whimsy Bakery. Monkey wanted to stand there and eat all of their treats! The rest of the festival was so/so. I got a chocolate tasting ticket so Monkey could taste some stuff and I had a hard time finding things she could try! She got some white peppermint dipped malt balls, white chocolate covered pretzels, a chocolate chip cookie, and dark chocolate covered blueberries. I was disappointed that most were just store bought treats. I expected homemade items. We also got a chocolate tea bag to take home and try, a chocolate bon bon ornament and I had some chocolate wine (which was awesome!)
Overall it turned out to be a gorgeous day and it was great to have some time with my Monkey, just us girls. We both got a tiny bit of sun burns and I'm still itching two days later from it! I think I'd like to go back to the Chocolate Festival in Long Grove next time with some girlfriends instead of the family. I will definitely be looking into Mohawk SmartStrand carpeting once our dog moves on.
You may want to follow Mohawk on the following social channels to keep up with their newest products:
Note: I am a member of the Collective Bias® Social Fabric® Community. This shop has been compensated as part of a social shopper insights study for Collective Bias® and Mohawk Flooring #cbias #SocialFabric #licensetospill All opinions are my own.


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|What is the history of Bocce?
|What is the difference between bocce, bocci, and boccie?
|What is the proper pronunciation of "bocce"?
|What is Court Bocce?
|How were the Court Bocce Standards developed?
|Why not use the International Rules and Standards ?
|Why is the recommended standard court size 76' ?
|Why are clay courts desirable and are there other options?
|Where can I find specifications for building a bocce court?
|What is Team Play Bocce?
|How are the Social Bocce Teams formed?
|Is there a fee or any cost to play Bocce?
|Can your copyrighted information be copied and used?
|What are the basic shots to master in Court Bocce?
|What skills are needed to play Bocce?
|What is a "volo shot" and why is it not permitted?
|Why not have only one foul line for pointing and hitting?
|Why the clock style scoreboard and why doesn't it have a zero?
|What happens if the "IN" ball has not been properly called?
|Why is the cup type measuring device used?
|How are ties broken in league play?
|Why can't players be reassigned at will during and between games?
|What is match play and why have match play?
|How do websites qualify to be on your 'Links' webpage?
The Home Page URL for this site is http://www.BocceStandardsAssociation.org
BSA Webmaster
"The beginnings of the game of bocce are lost in the darkness of time. Traces
of the game can be found among the early Egyptians, and graphic representations
of figures tossing a ball or polished stone have been recorded as early as 5200
B.C. While modern day bocce bears little resemblance to these early findings,
one thing is certain: that through its evolution the objective has been constant
- try to come as close to a fixed target as possible. From this early objective,
the basic rules of bocce were born.
Bocce must have been part of the therapeutic advice given by the early Greek physicians Ipocrates and Galileo who indeed believed that the invigorating exercise provided by this game could have beneficial results. It is said that the early Romans were among the first to play the game, at times using coconuts brought back from Africa. Later on, hard olive wood was used to carve out bocce balls. Quickly gaining status, there are indications that bocce was enjoyed by such luminaries as the emperor Augustus.
Throughout the centuries, the game enjoyed rapid growth as one of Europe's most popular pastimes, so much so that at one point in history several governments began to regulate its usage. Why? Because it was found that the popularity of the game interfered at times with the security of the state. In other words, the public at large was more interested in playing bocce than in defending their sovereignty! Rulers were moved to action. While Kings Carlos IV and V prohibited the playing of bocce (citing national security), several medical docents from the University of Montpellier, France, did their part by discrediting the claim that playing bocce had great therapeutic effect in curing rheumatism.
The popularity of the game reached such a level in Italy that on December 11, 1576, the Republic of Venice publicly condemned it, and thereafter those who disobeyed were punished with fines and imprisonment. Even the Catholic Church officially prohibited any clergyman from playing the game by declaring bocce a gambling device. Yet bocce survived and flourished.
Contrary to the rest of Europe, Great Britain has consistently embraced the game of bocce with great enthusiasm since its introduction. Among the early fans were Queen Elizabeth I and Sir Francis Drake. An amusing anecdote has Drake refusing to interrupt his game to address a threatening military advance: "First we finish the game, then we'll deal with the Armada," it is believed he shouted to those who tried to hurry him on.
However, in spite of its popularity and lacking a central organization, the sport of bocce was excluded from the first modern Olympic Games held in Athens in April, 1896. Shortly afterward bocce leagues were formed throughout Europe. First to organize the sport was France, followed by Italy (specifically northern Italy), which organized local clubs and leagues. The first organized Italian League was formed by fifteen Piedmont Region teams on November 15, 1947 in the town of Rivoli (Torino). Since 1947, the Bocce World Championships has been held every year with France and Italy as the most prominent competitors.
These two countries paved the way for an international interest in bocce as a formal sport. Even as this book is being written, worldwide preparations are underway internationally to include bocce in Olympic competitions. Yet it was not until the turn of the century that the game of bocce was organized competitively in the United States. A strong influencing factor was the European immigration to the American continent. Early immigrants, trying to retain their original lifestyle, played the game as a way of duplicating the social environment they left behind.
Soon U.S. leagues were created, paving the way for the game to be accepted as a major sport... and not just by men. The oldest women's bocce league in this country is from Chisholm, Minnesota. Called the Chisholm Women's Bocce League, it started in 1944 with 25 women who were introduced to bocce by Guido Pergal at a summer picnic. Today the top three most-participated sports in the world are 1) soccer 2) bocce and 3) golf."
The United States Bocce Federation says there are about 1 million players in the United States. Major centers of popularity include California, Chicago, Las Vegas, Memphis, New Orleans, Phoenix, St. Louis, and New York.
Why not use the International Rules and Standards?
The International rules and standards as published by the Confederation Boccistica Internationale are complicated, ball positions are all marked, requires trained officials, requires players to have a very high skill level, involves many measurements, and the games take a significant amount of time to play. The International rules could be likened to a "professional" level of bocce. It is obvious since most players use 'open' rules and shorter courts, that the International standards have little appeal to the general public. However, this has left a void for standards for most bocce players as evidenced by the wide variety of rules, equipment, and court standards in use today. The Bocce Standards Association is simply trying to provide some level of standardization for Court Bocce.
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Why is the recommended standard court size 76' ?
Court sizes in use today vary in size from 60 feet to 95 feet. The International standard as published by the Confederation Boccistica Internationale is 26.5 meters (90 feet) by 4 meters (13 feet). However, the World Bocce Association and others specify a 76 foot court and most in the United States do not use the International standards. The 90 foot court appears to be excessive and expensive and the shorter (60 foot) courts appear too small and not challenging. The 76 foot court appears to be sufficient for all skill levels and a good compromise cost wise. Anyone playing on a 76 foot court should easily adapt to the larger or smaller courts if necessary. Note that on the International court the pointing foul lines are 13 feet from the backboard leaving 64 feet as the major playing area, whereas, on the 76 foot court, the pointing foul lines are 6 feet from the backboard also leaving 64 feet as the major playing area. The court width, which is much less critical, is recommended at 12 feet since many courts today are using Astro Turf type (indoor / outdoor) carpet materials for the playing surface. This material can be easily obtained in 12 foot widths. The Court Bocce Standards are a compromise set of standards to hopefully encompass the sport as most generally played today and gain a wide acceptance to establish some standards for the sport.
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Why are clay courts desirable and are there other options?
Clay courts built to the specifications of tennis courts provide consistent playing surfaces from court to court, the court surface is rugged, they have a long lifetime, and maintenance is low. Other materials being used tend to be soft, rough, or inconsistent. There are many contractors familiar with building clay tennis courts and can easily build a bocce court. If cost is a major factor of whether or not you can have a court, an alternative to consider is the use of Astro Turf type (indoor / outdoor) carpet materials over a level concrete base for the playing surface (probably more consistent than most other options and certainly better than no court at all). For indoor courts and temporary courts, the Astro Turf type surface is a very good option.
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Where can I find specifications for building a bocce court?
Lee Tennis, an affiliate of Luck Stone Corporation, has provided us a copy of their Bocce Court Specification to help standardize the construction of bocce courts. Click Here for more information.)
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What is the difference between bocce, bocci, and boccie?
They are all the same. Another area to confuse people about the sport of bocce. Bocce is the correct and widely accepted word for the sport. The Confederation Bouliste International (the Italian bocce federation) uses "bocce" in their documents.
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What is the proper pronunciation of "bocce"?
Merriam-Webster Dictionary shows the
pronunciation as
Phonetically this is "botchee".
[Click to
Phonetically this is "botchee".
[Click to
Phonetically this is "botchee". [Click to hear]
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What is Court Bocce?
Court bocce is played on a well defined court with walls on all four sides that control the area of play. The playing surface is made as smooth and level as possible so that balls will go where the thrower intended. The sport is played with a published set of rules.
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The standards have been developed over a period of years since 1997 by a committee of bocce fanatics from the Northeast and Midwest working with a country club to build bocce courts, form leagues and tournaments, and publish a good set of game rules. Every committee member had played with different rules and on a variety of courts. An initial set of rules were agreed upon. Each year the rules were used in leagues and tournaments, found lacking, and improvements made for the next year. Finally, the committee gathered rules and standards from many organizations, such as, the International Boules Confederation, the Italian Boules Confederation, the Collegium Cosmicum Ad Buxeas, the World Bocce Association, the United States Bocce Federation, Bocce International, the Wonderful World of Bocce Association, the Joy of Bocce book, the Rico Daniele Bocce book, iBOCCE.com, and many other club/league/tournament/individual websites. The committee researched all the rules and standards and could not find a comprehensive published set of bocce rules and standards for Court Bocce. The committee, using all the information gathered, then developed a set of rules and standards that basically encompassed the common existing rules and standards being used. Rules that make good common sense and emphasize skill, finesse, and strategy were used. The committee then set out to make these available so that Court Bocce could become a sport played the same way anywhere you go rather than a game played by whatever rules the local players decided to adopt. To accomplish this the Bocce Standards Association was formed in 2001 with the committee as initial Directors. The Bocce Standards Association is a non-profit organization operated by bocce fanatic volunteers. The rules and standards are published on the Internet to make them readily available to everyone at no cost. Excellent comments were received during the initial one year comment period and most were included. The Court Bocce standard rules were finalized in July, 2002. Other forms of bocce may be considered in the future.
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Team play bocce refers to teams consisting of 4 players each playing competitively in a series of games or matches in a league or tournament.
Teams are formed by the group present at the start time. Team formation depends on the number and mix of men and women present. Sometimes the men and women play on separate courts or play mixed. Typically, new players are split among the teams and given assistance by an experienced player.
Fees depend on the bocce club or the owners of the courts. Equipment is usually furnished at the courts. Many courts are public with no fees charged.
Typically a nominal fee is charged for play in leagues or tournaments to cover incidental expenses, prizes, and trophies.
Can your information be copied and used?
Yes. The whole purpose of the Bocce Standards Association is to promote the use of standards for the sport of bocce. We are non-profit, do not sell anything, and in fact, want to give away our work. The only limits for copyrighted information on our site is that it may not be reproduced in any form to be sold without written permission. We encourage players, clubs, and organizations to copy and distribute our court rules free of charge to anyone and everyone. We also encourage them to put them on their websites. To assist this we have assigned an URL to the the rules page such that you can insert a hyperlink for your rules directly to our webpage for rules. The URL address for the rules page is http://rules.boccestandardsassociation.org
Other websites are encouraged to link to this website for bocce rules, court, and equipment standards.
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What are the basic shots to master in Court Bocce?
There are 3 basic shots used on standard courts and an infinite number of ways to play them in a game. The 3 shots are 1) the pointing shot, 2) the hitting shot, and 3) the bank shot. Experience, ability, strategy and personal preference will determine the choice of the shot to use at any particular time. All 3 shots require practice and mastering them assures a player rewarding results.
The Pointing Shot This shot is the most commonly used bocce shot. The player delivers the bocce ball in a crouched position so that the ball is released underhanded in a smooth, slow rolling motion. The objective of this shot is to try to roll the bocce ball as close to the pallino (target ball) as possible with a minimum of force. The pointing shot is best used when there are no other balls blocking the path to the target. Pointing type shots are also used to block an opponent from hitting your point balls or to set up a ball that can be hit later by you or a team mate to move it into a scoring position.
The Hitting Shot This shot is basically a "smash" shot and is often referred to as a "spock" or "raffa" shot. Hitting is a strong shot executed close to the ground and intended to dislodge an opponent's ball, move the pallino, or disrupt an undesirable formation of balls on the court. This shot is an underhand shot and can be delivered in any manner the player chooses except as a "volo" type shot. Typically a player starts far back on the court, takes a few running steps, and releases the bocce ball prior to crossing the hitting foul line.
The Bank Shot A standard bocce court provides the ability to bank a shot off the sideboards. The use of this shot is very advantageous to use when other bocce balls on the court are blocking a direct shot to the pallino or to another ball you want to hit. On a good banking court the ball will come off the sideboard at the same angle used to hit the sideboard. Often a player uses the bank shot to place the pallino and then follows by banking the first bocce ball at the same point.
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What skills are needed to play Bocce?
There are specific playing skills involved to master a number of different shots, to develop a delivery form that best suits each individual, and to apply the strategies required to best play a game. The skill of delivering the ball is similar to reading the green when putting in golf in that each shot is different, the court is not perfectly flat, and the speed of the ball must be judged properly to place the ball exactly where you want it. The basic shots to master are pointing (placing the ball as close as possible to the target ball), hitting (purposely hitting opponent's balls away that are in for points or moving the target ball for your own advantage), blocking (placing your ball in a position to block your opponent and protect your point balls), banking (using the side rails to change the angle of approach to get around blocking balls), and setups (placing a ball in a location so that you or your team mate can hit it into a scoring position). You will see as many methods of throwing the balls as there are players. They vary from an upright position to down almost on one knee position, a slightly lofted ball to a smooth release at court level, and standing still to running. Even with great skills, one must employ excellent game strategy to win games. You must know where to initially place the target ball, when to use each of the various shots, which player to match against each of the opponents, which player to use for each shot, observing your opponents' weaknesses, observing how every ball rolls on the court, and calculating the scoring risks for each shot you take.
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What is a "volo shot" and why is it not permitted?
The volo shot is a high arcing shot usually thrown with a back spin with the objective of directly hitting another ball or landing very close to the pallino with little or no roll. For safety, protection of the court playing surface, and to be in agreement with rules on most other clay courts, it was excluded.
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Why not have only one foul line for pointing and hitting?
The pointing foul line is 6 feet from the backboard; enough space to allow sufficient room for a one step delivery, yet not use up too much of the playing area. The hitting foul line is further out since most players like to have a running start (much like bowling) to implement a hard throw. Having a pointing foul line closer to the backboard creates a larger playing area for shorter courts.
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Why the clock style scoreboard and why doesn't it have a zero?
The clock style scoreboard has wide acceptance. It is relatively east to construct, is available to purchase, and it is visible and easily interpreted by all the players and fans. If we were starting from scratch, the preferred arrangement would 11 points for a game with a zero replacing the 12, however, since there are so many scoreboards in use using the clock layout and 12 points determining the winner, it was left that way.
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What happens if the "IN" ball has not been properly called?
Why is the cup
type measuring device used?
The cup type measuring device with the tape centered on the top was included because it is extremely accurate since there is very little clearance in the cup for the pallino, the tape can be locked with the first measurement to the outside diameter of the bocce ball, and nothing is moved as the tape is simply rotated to see where the locked tape tip is relative to next ball measured. The tape actually does not need any measurement markings on it. Various known measuring devices were included in the standards with no intent to preclude other reliable measuring devices.
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How are ties broken in league play?
Some method should be adopted by the league to break ties since there is a likelihood of two or more teams winning the same number of matches or games. Many use the total points scored over the season to break ties . Others use points scored and points given up. The difference in points scored awarded to the game winner is another method.
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Why can't players be reassigned at will during and between games?
Strategy is an essential part of bocce. It is the responsibility of the captain to properly set up the team for the match. If allowed to shift players around, captains would continuously be moving players either to better balance with an opponent or to create an imbalance in their favor. Typically, the 2 ends of a court play differently and players must switch ends between games to assure an advantage is not given to one of the teams.
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What is match play and why have match play?
Match play in bocce is similar to match play in golf where score doesn't count, the only thing that counts is who won the hole. In bocce match play the only thing that counts is who won the frame. Match play can be used where control of the time to play a match is essential. The time to play a single frame is pretty consistent and by setting the number of frames to be played, the length of the match is controlled. Measurements are at a minimum since only the 'In' ball needs to be determined. In a standard 12 point bocce game, the time to play can vary from a minimum of 3 frames (4 points per frame) to 23 frames (12 to 11 score, 1 point per frame). Match play is a convenient way to hold a tournament where the number of players or teams is so large that the number of courts and the available time cannot accommodate them if standard games are played. Also in match play if 4 points are scored in a frame, all is not lost since still only one frame was won. See 'Bocce Match Play' section.
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How do websites qualify to be on your 'Links' webpage?
Currently sites are put on the Links page gratis and chosen for visitors to the site to access more useful bocce information. Sometime in the future we may only link sites that carry our approval mark on their bocce equipment, those that fully support our standards effort and provide a link to our website.
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text:
Catholic Reporter
The Independent Newsweekly
|Cover story
Issue Date: July 30, 2004
'The bones don't lie'
Forensic anthropologist Clyde Snow travels continents to bring the crimes of mass murderers to light
By JEFF GUNTZEL
Clyde Snow is a forensic anthropologist. But it makes more sense to call him a detective. He digs up clues from the ground, from graves both proper and improvised. He makes witnesses of bones and he has dug up and sorted out witnesses from the mass graves of the most vicious and unthinkable massacres of the last half-century.
Guatemala. El Salvador. Argentina. Iraq. The former Yugoslavia. The Congo. Ethiopia. Zimbabwe.
And here at home, too: the victims of Gacy; Dahmer; Washington states Green River Killer; the Oklahoma City bombing; and countless less sensational but no less tragic killings across the country.
Clyde Snow knows the human skeleton, whether battered or scattered, perhaps better than most anybody alive.
He trails death from continent to continent, sometimes arriving 10 or 20 years after the fact. For Snow, there is no ideology to dealing with death, only the haunting wish that murderers be held accountable.
Often a direct line exists between the data in human rights reports from all corners of the globe and Snows work in mass graves and laboratories.
If youve got people committing murder, theyre murderers. I dont care if theyre heads of state. You should be brought to justice and given a fair trial. If the evidence is there, you go to jail. If its not, youre free. But you should be accountable.
There shouldnt be immunity and there shouldnt be amnesty, said Snow, with a slightly perceptible scowl. If you cant do the time, dont do the crime.
He is always on call. Respite comes in peculiar forms. There was the trip to Bolivia to find the remains of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. He succeeded. And there was the time spent examining the bones of the fallen at the Battle of Little Bighorn -- Custers last stand. And there was Chile.
In 1987, workers at a construction site in Chiles Atacama Desert region came across some bones. They were human. Some wondered if the bones belonged to leftists murdered in the early days of the Pinochet regime.
The local archbishop called Snow, who was on the other side of the Andes examining the bones of the disappeared dug up in the aftermath of Argentinas Dirty War.
Snow and a small team left Argentina and headed north.
We stayed [in Chile] for about a week while a judge was trying to make up her mind whether she would allow us to examine the skeletons, Snow told me. The judge was under a lot of pressure. Pinochet was still in power. She would change her mind about once a day.
Eventually the judge gave in. Yes, you can look at the bones.
Snow and his team made their way to the morgue to see what they could see. By the time they arrived, the bones had already been laid out for them.
Well, Snow recalled, that took about five minutes. They turned out to be prehistoric Indians. I could tell almost from across the room.
The edge bite, the big faces, he said. I walked in a little closer and in the right femur there was a stone arrowhead.
Unless the Chilean army is still using bow and arrows, he said on his way out the door, you dont have a case here.
Skulls and computers
There is a computer program for forensic anthropologists. There arent many copies floating around -- the programs designer estimates about 400. In America, there are only about 100 people who do what Snow does.
Snow has been using the program for a few years. He shows it off like a neighbor showing off his new car.
He clicks a tiny skull icon on his computers desktop. The hard drive whirs and another image comes up while the program is opening. Its the program name above a skull with crossbones. The skull -- a peek into the morbid world of forensic humor -- has a bullet hole in the temple.
The program comes up and Snow is ready with a notepad hes pulled from his leather tool bag. The measurements sketched in pencil are of a head attached to a body that washed up under Chicagos Navy Pier, a tourist haunt on Lake Michigans waterfront.
The Chicago medical examiner couldnt identify the body. Clyde Snow is in contract with the examiners office. He flies up every other month from his home in rural Norman, Okla., to look at newly discovered bones and peck away at mysteries like the Navy Pier remains.
He suspects the mystery man -- he knows it is a man from the large pelvis -- is a drowned derelict. He has already made his eyeball diagnosis. A Mongoloid, most likely American Indian. He doesnt need a computer, but he likes the extra affirmation.
Ive seen thousands of skulls. I know what a typical black male and a typical American Indian male and a typical Caucasoid male looks like. And females. The way I work it only takes three or four minutes of looking at the skull. The way I use this program, I go ahead and take the measurements and put them in here. And if the computer and I agree, then Im home free.
He punches in the measurements:
Facial height.
Click click click.
Nasal breadth.
Click click.
Orbital breadth.
Click click click.
When the numbers are all in, he clicks process and the program checks his measurements against several hundred skulls -- many less than Snow has analyzed himself -- in a database managed by forensic anthropologists at the University of Tennessee.
The results come back in seconds. American Indian male. And its 86 percent positive.
You might be imagining this scene in a lab or maybe a morgue, but were in Snows living room, which is also his office. Dogs are curled up or stretched out on the carpet.
This is a man swimming in his work. For the first of the many hours we spent talking at his dining room table, Court TV was on in the kitchen. A forensics expert was testifying. Evidence of Snows work and travels floats and hangs on nearly every surface and wall. Books like The Hour of Death and The Mummy sit on shelves otherwise burdened by a book lovers hodgepodge of history and literature.
Theres a skull next to his computer.
Tell me about that skull, Clyde.
Oh. That. Thats just something I keep around.
Seems strange, sure, but skulls in the home have a history. American soldiers in the South Pacific boiled the heads of Japanese soldiers to clean them of flesh and sent them home to their sweethearts as souvenirs. It happened again in Vietnam. These trophy skulls turn up now and again in dumpsters and demolitions to stump unsuspecting homicide detectives.
Snows skull is for reference. I got it from a medical school years ago. Now and again I need to look at a skull.
Sitting with Snow and his skull, watching him peck measurements into his computer in his living room, it is easy to imagine him the typical loner detective type, an endless trail of open and closed files behind him.
But Clyde Snow is no more the hermit snoop than he is the dispassionate scientist, an impossible label for a man who has spent the past two decades in graves, laboratories and courtrooms in intimate solidarity with the worlds victims of political murder.
The field of forensic anthropology is a relatively new one. Thirty years ago, when anthropology was added to the list of forensic sciences, the number of Americans devoted to the infant field numbered six, according to Snow, who knew each of them.
Tools of exhumation
Asked what he takes with him to an exhumation, he leaves for a minute and returns with a worn leather bag. He unfastens a clasp and the bag folds out in four directions. It lays flat on the table.
Except for the black Sharpie, the pencil and the yellow legal pad, the tools are Swiss-made. He takes them out one by one and describes their function. He handles each tool with the familiarity of a tradesman decades at his job.
This is what we call an anthropometer, he says. Thats the tool that measures the long bones to determine stature. We can usually get within two or three inches.
Next out of the bag, the sliding caliper. You measure the skull with this fellow. He said there are generally about 25 different skull measurements to make.
He points to a tool that looks a bit like a lobster claw on a stick. Thats called a Boley gauge. You use that to measure teeth.
The measuring tape, he said, is for skull circumference.
He holds up the last tool, a spreading caliper. You only use this for measuring head length or head breadth.
He designed the bag himself and paid two counterculture types who ran a leather shop in downtown Oklahoma City to put it all together. They made jackets for Willie Nelson, he says. They did beautiful leather work.
We also use shovels, he adds, but I dont carry those.
Some things he can eyeball. Most of the time we can determine whether the person was right-handed or left-handed. In women we can often get a hint of their parturition history -- there is some remodeling that occurs in the bones of the pelvis during childbirth.
Then there are things like old diseases that leave their marks on bones. And injuries, most commonly fractures, well see evidence of that for years.
If we have the facial portion of the skull we can come up with at least a broad diagnosis of the persons ethnic identity.
What were trying to do is reconstruct a life history of the person from the evidence preserved in the skeleton.
That includes cause of death.
In these cases of the disappeared in Argentina, about 80 to 90 percent had a single gunshot wound to the back of the head. You see a lot of that.
Often he can identify the instrument. We can see knife marks. Machete marks in Guatemala. A hammer leaves a hammer-shaped hole in the skull. We can get a pretty good picture.
The games afoot!
Twenty years ago, Snow gave a talk to a gathering of scientists at a hotel in New York City.
He had been invited to speak about the role forensic scientists might play in the investigation of international human rights abuses.
It was just an idea at the time.
Snow brought some slides and talked a bit about what he knew. When it was over, he read a poem by Federico García Lorca, the Spanish poet disappeared by a group of Francoists in 1936. Then he shared some thoughts.
Of all the forms of murder, Snow told the scientists, none is more monstrous than that committed by a state against its own citizens. And of all murder victims, those of the state are the most helpless and vulnerable since the very entity to which they have entrusted their lives and safety becomes their killer. When the state murders, the crime is planned by powerful men. They use the same cold rationality and administrative efficiency that they might bring to the decision to wage a campaign to eradicate a particularly obnoxious agricultural pest.
The homicidal state shares one trait with the solitary killer, he continued. Like all murderers, it trips on its own egotism and drops a trail of clues which, when properly collected, preserved and analyzed, are as damning as a signed confession left in the grave.
The great mass murderers of our time have accounted for no more than a few hundred victims. In contrast, states that have chosen to murder their own citizens can usually count their victims by the carload lot. As for motive, the state has no peers, for it will kill its victim for a careless word, a fleeting thought, or even a poem.
Snow concluded with a challenge: Maybe its time for the forensic scientists of the world to heed the old call of our favorite fictional prototype -- Quick, Watson, the games afoot! -- and go after the biggest game of all.
That was in May. By June he was packing for Argentina.
Unlikely paths cross
In 1983, after seven years of brutal repression at the hands of a military government, elections were held. The new government of Raul Alfonsín -- a one-time small town lawyer -- was inaugurated on International Human Rights Day.
Alfonsín initiated a commission to investigate the thousands of leftists disappeared by the right-wing military government.
Eric Stover had worked with human rights groups in Argentina for years. Shortly after its inception, he received an invitation from the head of the commission asking if he could assemble a forensic team to come to Argentina and look into the graves of the disappeared.
I did not know much about the forensic sciences, Stover recalled. Clyde was the first person I called.
Snow said hed do it. And he gave Stover a few more numbers. Soon, there was a team.
I took them down to Argentina and we went around to see what the situation was.
Snow grimaced into his coffee and recalled the scene. With absolutely no knowledge or skills, they were going out with bulldozers and just plowing up areas where the disappeared were buried in unmarked graves.
The remains of the disappeared came up. But so did the remains of local paupers too poor for burial in a proper cemetery. Argentinas political killers, it seems, buried their victims in this paupers field to camouflage their crimes.
They wound up with a mass of bones, Snow remembered, and they just sorted them out. His kitchen table becomes a scale model of the scene. Femurs here and skulls over here, he said, pointing at the imaginary bone piles. It was turning into a disaster. Nobody was going to get identified.
A small auditorium was reserved for Snow and his colleagues to address a group of judges and lawyers. The idea, Snow said, was to explain to them that these skeletons, if approached properly, could potentially be identified.
It was a simple message. But the presentation got off to a frustrating start. After just one hour, the teams translator, a young medical school student, was in tears. She simply couldnt keep up.
The team called a break.
In the audience that day was a young anthropology student. Morris Tidball-Binz had seen a sign posted at a nearby bank announcing the event. He made his way to the auditorium and took a seat.
Snow remembers the young man with the kind of details that color all his stories. This kid came in wearing blue coveralls and an old denim shirt. He had a cap on his head of long, blond hair.
In an auditorium of lawyers and judges, the kid was hard to miss. When we took our break, Snow said, he came up to the stage and started talking to out translator. He knew her.
The young man turned to Snow and the rest of the panel: Could I help?
It was one of those moments. Unlikely paths crossed. Lives were changed.
We said yes, Snow laughed, a trace of the days anxiety in his voice. Of course, everybody was looking at him. But for the rest of the day he did a fantastic job.
After his presentation, the commission asked Snow to stick around. He stayed on for a couple more weeks. The pathologists and the dentist went home. The commission wanted Snow to organize a team to dig up and identify Argentinas disappeared. The work, they said, would take 10 years. At least.
Rag-tag team
He called around: anthropologists, archeologists, pathologists and the like. But assembling a local team was a difficult task.
The anthropologists didnt know anything about forensic anthropology. The forensic medical experts had been complicit with the junta, issuing false death certificates, keeping double books, and insisting bodies could not be identified when their fingerprints were on file.
Others were just scared. There were rumors in Buenos Aires that the military was coming back in. Anybody dealing in this kind of work might be on the next round of death lists.
Then one night, as Snow remembers it, returning to his hotel in Buenos Aires, he found visitors waiting for him in the lobby.
There was this little rag-tag group of kids, ranging from around 17 to 23 years old, about eight of them. One or two were medical students. The others were anthropology students.
Morris was there. He had put word out through the student networks: An American was looking for help. They had come to volunteer.
I was kind of touched by this, Snow said. I was also kind of hungry -- we hadnt had dinner -- so I took them out to the steak house around the corner, very cheap.
We had a good meal. I talked to them. I told them that this would be kind of dangerous work. Could be depressing. And besides that, its dirty work. They had no experience and we didnt have any money. I was trying to discourage them.
The students told Snow theyd talk it over and come by the next night with a decision.
I thought it was their polite Argentine way of saying bye-bye, Snow recalled. The next night and they were there. They said they had talked it over and it sounds like a pretty good deal.
One of the students was 25-year-old Mercedes Doretti, who was studying cultural anthropology at the University of Buenos Aires. When we first met him we thought he was crazy, Doretti recalled. What is this gringo doing here? He wants to exhume the disappeared people? It sounded like an idea from Mars.
Once Snow explained himself, she said, it all seemed absolutely the right thing. Completely logical.
They wanted to get started right away.
So, Snow said, I was kind of stuck.
There had to be a test. There was a judge who wanted Snow to dig up the remains of a young woman, one of the disappeared known to be buried in the suburbs. With 24 hours before a flight home to Oklahoma, Snow took the case, and he brought the eager students.
They would be digging in a graveyard, another popular dumping ground for the disappeared, whose graves would not be marked.
There were police everywhere. The judge had called them out for security. The students were terrified of the police. Some of them gave fake names. It was scarcely a year since the repressive powers granted to Argentinas police had dissolved.
The exhumation, Snow remembered, was very hastily arranged. We didnt have any tools. We had some chopsticks that I told them to pick up at a Chinese restaurant -- if you sharpen them up a little bit theyre a great little digging tools. We had a tablespoon. We were able to get some brushes and string and stuff of that sort but it was pretty primitive.
Still, they located the grave and began the exhumation. It took us all day. We work real slow.
It was the teams first exhumation. A critical measure of the teams potential would be their reaction to the actual remains. When we got down to the skull, Snow recalled, Morris was down there and he was really into this -- very interested and excited. We started digging around the skull and we could see a gunshot wound.
I pointed it out to him. While she was still in the ground, this woman was telling us she had died of a gunshot wound. And thats when one of the students -- Patricia -- just kind of disappeared. I looked around she was gone.
Then I walked around behind one of the vehicles and she was back there crying.
In Snows line of work, this is an ominous sign. Once this gets started, he thought to himself that day, itll spread and theyll decide this is not the kind of thing they want to do.
He walked back to the grave. About 10 minutes later Patricia came back too. Morris was using the tablespoon to separate dirt from the womans skull.
Morris, Patricia said, give me the spoon.
What do you want the spoon for? Morris replied.
Im going to make coffee.
Snow pauses. Then he lets out a sort of sly grunt. Thats when I figured, well, maybe weve got a team.
They had completely exhumed the womans skeleton by sundown.
We got the bones out by about five oclock that evening, Snow recalled. We took them over to a little hospital and washed em up. It was after midnight when they successfully identified the body from dental records.
We dictated the report to the judge: open and closed. Killed with a gunshot wound to the head.
Snow was back at his hotel room by three a.m. Enough time to pack his things and head back home to his wife and work in Oklahoma.
He would return to Argentina many times. With Eric Stover, he would bring in experts to train the young team. There was usually no money. Sometimes a little. The team met at cafés and rode the bus to gravesites.
Doretti, who heads up the New York office of the Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team 20 years after its humble inception, recalled, There wasnt any time to get a formal teaching. Clyde taught us by doing work with him. With each case he explained everything that he was seeing on a bone and the history of that method. It was like improvised lectures.
We were just a bunch of students, Doretti said, and he believed in us. That was, for us, very new. We were coming out of a dictatorship where you were not allowed speak out or anything like that, and here was this guy who knew very little about us and -- maybe because he was desperate to find help, she added, laughing -- he trusted us and he felt like we could do the work.
He was trying to not only teach them how to do this work, Stover said, but hes also teaching them life lessons. And that was, look, you guys, you can get involved in social change by protesting -- there is a time for that, but if you really want to become engaged, learn something well, stick at it and really become the best; the master of your tools, the master of your methods and procedures and so on. Thats what he instilled in these students. And the evidence is there: Theyve worked in 31 countries around the world. They know more about mass graves than anyone else on the planet.
Families on the scene
Anywhere we go on these cases, Snow said, Africa, Kurdistan, Latin America -- the families want to be there from the moment we start. They watch the bones of their family members being exhumed. And they become part of it.
You have to deal with the families on a kind of an up close and personal basis, Snow said. I found that out very early.
Here in the States you dont deal with families. Its usually done through the medical examiner or the police. Here youd have a crime scene with yellow tape.
In other countries, he said, youll have a crowd around you. Sometimes you have to be careful that theyre not going to fall into the grave.
In fact, Snow said, very often, because were short-handed, we ask them if they want to go to work and yeah, theyll help.
Family and community members catch on right quick, Clyde said, simulating the accelerated training: Take your brushes and work slowly, carefully.
He did this in Iraqi Kurdistan. Heade, heade, he recited in Kurdish. Slowly, slowly.
He sipped from his coffee cup and smiled. They turned into pretty good assistants.
But mostly, Clyde said, the people gathered around the site are just watching. Theyll stay there for hours and hours, day after day. After a while people will be talking about other things. Theyll be laughing. Children will be lying down.
Then, he said, there are moments when we expose a skeleton enough that the mother or the wife will recognize it and shell want to come down to the grave. Well very carefully escort her in. And there will be this moment, especially for her a lot of tears.
And then an hour later its relaxed again, people are talking.
Clyde describes a photograph he keeps around. Its a guy in an orange shirt licking a lime green ice cream cone he bought from a man with a portable ice cream cart.
This guys licking an ice cream and hes standing there watching. Were digging up his three children and his wife and his mother and father, he said.
Its just this contrast. Later on it was obvious that he had a very deeply moving experience but he could still eat an ice cream cone.
The full range of human emotion, he said, can be found at an exhumation.
In this country we wouldnt have that. Everybody would be very solemn. Its not that way. But it is genuine.
For the people doing the digging who live in the graves for weeks and even months, a more cautious approach to emotional currents must be practiced.
You always feel a little bit of weight, Snow said. Its a pretty awesome thing that youre doing. But youve got to do your work.
Everybody has different ways of handling it. Some people have nightmares. Some people get a little depressed from time to time. Others go out and have an extra martini in the evening.
I always told them, Do your work in the daytime and if you have to cry, you can cry at night. During the day you do your work, whether its in the grave or in the lab. No matter what youre looking at youve got to maintain your clinical approach to what youre doing.
But, he said, you cant be totally unaffected by this. Cry at night.
Thats a lot of bluster, Stover said, recalling a story from their days together in Argentina.
Liliana Pereyra was a young woman who had been pregnant when she disappeared -- abducted by men in naval fatigues. She had belonged to a leftist organization that opposed the military junta. Liliana delivered her baby in detention in 1978. The baby was taken away and Liliana was killed.
Snow and his young team exhumed Lilianas remains in 1985. Her skeleton was taken to the lab in a Buenos Aires medical school where Snow and Stover were working with the young Argentine team.
Lilianas mother, Coche, came by the lab with her two teenage children, a son and a daughter. They wanted to see the bones.
So we found a vacant room. We blocked off the doors. And we laid the remains out on a table.
She comes in. Snow and I are standing there with two of the students on the team. And Im interpreting for Snow, who was explaining, this is a gunshot wound this is how we identified her. It was fairly clinical until the daughter reached over and grabbed her mother and gave her a big hug. The whole room dissolved into tears, Snow leading the chorus.
Snow told me this story, too. But his version excluded the tears. Still, he looks back on the experience as a teaching moment.
When Coche Pereyra asked to see her daughters remains, Snow said, it just blew my mind. I had never had this kind of experience in the States.
You run into this, particularly in Latin America, he continued. People dont have the same feeling towards death as we do -- that you have to take the body out and pickle it before anybody can take a look at it. They deal with death more directly and realistically.
The chilling effect
Snow and his teams have little choice but to deal directly with death. And, it follows, with difficult questions of justice and irony.
Back in 1993, on one of several visits to the former Yugoslavia, Serbs blocked Snow and his team from examining a suspected mass grave full of Croats missing from the brutally contested, and ultimately defeated, Croatian town of Vukovar. The team didnt go home; they bought a little time back on the Croat side. We dug up a mass grave of Serbs that the Croats had killed, Snow remembered. We work both sides of the street in this business.
The both sides of the street part of his work keeps Snow safe from the tendency to romanticize one side over the other in modern conflict.
In Latin America -- and in Guatemala in particular -- Ive always looked on it as a struggle between two sets of elitists. On one side you had the army -- especially the officers -- people like Rios Montt. And over on the left among the guerrillas -- the upper levels -- a lot of guys, instead of going to military school, they were the ones who went off maybe to Harvard or the London School of Economics. A lot of those guys were out of the same old families.
The people on the right were hanging out in their villas and the upper reaches of the guerrillas were hanging out in Mexico or Europe, always raising funds for the struggle.
Meanwhile, it was the Indian kids -- impressed into the army or sometimes impressed into the guerrillas -- that were getting killed fighting each other. And it was the little people in the villages that were caught in the middle that really suffered. So Im very cynical about the left and the right in these situations.
There is a simple bottom line for Snow: If you kill, no matter which side you are on or what office you hold, you should be held accountable. And hes played his part: first in Argentinas junta trial and later in Yugoslavia. Perhaps one day in Guatemala.
But what about the countries that feed these brutal conflicts with the kind of military and diplomatic support the United States gave to the Guatemalan military?
Its an interesting question. I think we should be held accountable. On the other hand, I think Moscow and Havana should also be held accountable.
He offers no clear method of accountability, but he has some ideas.
Ive often thought when were in these mass graves and looking at the skeletons of children, you know, I would like to bring some people who were involved in Washington -- who was the guy who was undersecretary of state? Eliot Abrams -- Id like to bring him down and maybe somebody from Moscow or Havana and just sit em down there at the gravesite and say, you know, Explain to us why these people, these children, were a threat to world peace?
That was always what youd hear from one side or the other.
Snow remembers a shot of Abrams in a documentary film highlighting Snow and the teams work in Guatemala. They never have to leave their offices, Snow said. This guy is sitting up in Washington in his suit and hes justifying Guatemala.
Well, Snow said, take him down there. Put him in some field clothes and give him a shovel. Make him confront this stuff and then see what he says.
That would be a moment to remember. Get that on film.
Though he concedes its impossible to prove, Snow believes the discoveries of forensic anthropologists in international human rights cases have had a chilling effect on would-be mass murderers, at least where word of the work has traveled.
When we started in Argentina, forensic anthropology was really in its infancy, Snow said. It came as quite a surprise to many that we could actually find some of the disappeared and get them identified.
Working in Argentina, he added, you almost had the sense that [Pinochets] people were peeking over the Andes in Chile and saying Maybe we ought to back off a bit.
Still, the chilling effect was slow to reach the Balkans. Croats intercepted Serb radio dispatches and passed them on to Snow and his U.N.-sponsored team after they tried and failed to win permission to exhume the victims of the Vukovar massacre, buried in a mass grave in nearby Ovcara.
The Serb dispatches, Snow recalled, betrayed skepticism that anything could be determined from a mass of buried bones.
The grave in Ovcara -- filled with Vukovars 200 dead, most of them pulled from a hospital and later executed -- finally did get exhumed, four years after Snow located the site and a human skull and other skeletal remains poking out of the dirt. And it was to be a few more years before indictments in the massacre would emerge.
The pace of events frustrated Clyde from the beginning. The United Nations should not have backed down once it knew there was a grave in Ovcara.
I told them at the time -- I had been involved in the John Wayne Gacy case -- its like if the Chicago police had heard that Mr. Gacy was burying kids under his house and the police chief sends policemen out who knock on his door and say, Mr. Gacy, we understand that youre burying a bunch of kids under your house here, can we come in? And he says no and the policemen go back -- in this case they went back to Geneva -- and say, Well, we went out there but he wont let us into the house, theres not anything we can do.
These things need to be investigated promptly, Snow said. The passivity of the United Nations, he believes, was a green light to the Serbs. Had the U.N. gone in there in 1992 or 93 and indicted those guys, he added, I think the Srebrenica mass killings in Bosnia never would have happened.
The 200 lives in Vukovar would have saved five or six thousand lives in Srebrenica.
Todays United Nations, he said, reflects the bloody lessons learned in Vukovar and Srebrenica. Today there is an active International Court where the bones that people like Snow dig up are used as evidence. And the indictments have begun.
Now, Snow said of the would-be political killers and mass murderers of the day, it must be in the back of their minds.
The reasons
Ask Snow why he does what he does and you get a simple, measured answer. There are several reasons.
He doesnt rank them, he said, but there is an order.
One reason, he said, is to find the skeletal remains and return them to the families and the communities.
Next: Hopefully you might get a little justice done.
And then the chilling effect.
Finally, he said, to get it on the historical record.
Scientific evidence is hard to refute. Living witnesses, sometimes they lie. Dead people usually dont.
Live people forget. They get confused. Say they do have a trial down there in Guatemala and you bring in some Mayan Indian woman. Its 20 years later and as a witness, well, shes 20 years older and shes maybe somebody who hardly speaks Spanish.
Its going to be a big courtroom, he said. Its going to be a frightening experience. A good defense lawyer could really jump all over her.
But, he said, they have trouble doing that with the bones. The bones dont lie and they dont forget. And theyre hard to cross-examine.
Jeff Guntzel is a contributing writer who lives in Indianapolis.
National Catholic Reporter, July 30, 2004
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text: The Vince McMahon wiki last edited by Jeff on 02/25/14 06:03PM View full history Vince McMahon is the chairman of the WWE (formerly known as the World Wrestling Federation or WWF). He sometimes plays major roles in the RAW and Smackdown! story lines and is a part of some of the most legendary stories in WWE history. The most popular of these is his rivalry with Stone Cold Steve Austin.


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text:
Unseasonably warm temps to give way to possible flurries by weekend
The weather will be unseasonable again this weekend with temperature highs in the low 40s Friday through Sunday, but there are chances of early and late precipitation Friday that may bring flurries to the area, according to WTMJ-TV (Channel 4) meteorologist Michael Fish.
Friday's temperature will top out in the low 40s with mostly cloudy skies and a chance of light showers Friday morning and evening.
A more significant storm system is expected to roll through on Sunday, Fish forecasts, with possible accumulation of up to 1 inch and nighttime lows into the 20s.


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A miracle occurs and our three co-hosts (Phaedra, Michael M. and Michael R.) all end up at the same location, at the same time, on the same day to record a Live show at our favorite coffee shop, BeanTraders. We begin by looking at how storytelling has changed over the years, and wonder if games like Haunting Melissa are the future, or just an expensive look into the past. We look into how incentives can back fire and what kind of cool games you could play for improved boarding of airplanes, and end the show looking at the latest startup festival in Durham, NC. So sit back, brew yourself a nice cup of BeanTraders Coffee (yes they do ship their beans!) and enjoy Games At Work dot Biz!!
Photographic Evidence:
The Michael's
Haunting Melissa
JRR Tolkien – Biography
Thumb Wrestling
Lucha Libre
Rock'em Sock'em Robots
Cherry Coke
World of Coca-Cola
Bean Traders
Podcast: Play in new window | Download (Duration: 30:38 — 14.2MB)


text:
http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=1902 email@example.com changed: What |Removed |Added ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- email@example.com |email@example.com Keywords| |needsReview ------- Additional Comments From email@example.com 2005-09-07 22:04 ------- The proposal for this item which was included in the omnibus proposal of 24 August 2005 has been separated out into a separate proposal: http://www.w3.org/XML/Group/2004/06/xmlschema-2/datatypes.b1902.20050831.html (member-only link) The proposal includes a design question: should the lexical and value spaces of string include only those characters which match the Char production of XML 1.1? or should they include a broader range of UCS characters? All UCS characters? (The proposal is otherwise pretty unsurprising.)Received on Wednesday, 7 September 2005 22:04:49 UTC
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.3.1 : Wednesday, 7 January 2015 14:50:03 UTC


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Cards Rise Above Sea Gulls in 62-58
CUA gets sixth win in a row
SALISBURY, Md. - Wednesday evening's Catholic University men's basketball game was a battle between two of the top scorers in the Capital Athletic Conference. In the 62-58 Cardinal victory senior Scott Fumai (Rockville, Md./Good Counsel), the fourth ranked scorer in the league, went up against Salisbury's (9-6, 4-2 CAC) Ray Williams who currently sits in the number one position. Although Williams slightly edged Fumai in scoring, the Cardinals came out on top improving to 12-2 overall and 4-2 in the CAC.
CUA jumped out to an early lead going on a 10-0 run. The Cards sustained the lead for most of the first half until a late burst by the Sea Gulls brought the home team within one going into the locker room at 27-26. CUA shot 37 percent while Salisbury hit 31 percent of its shots.
Fumai led the Cardinals with nine points in the first while classmate Patrick Dwyer (Williamsburg, Va./Walsingham Academy) added seven. Stephen Wheeler (Silver Spring, Md./Good Counsel) continued to play well down low collecting seven rebounds. Williams kept Salisbury in the game after the shooting woes early in the game. He scored 17 points playing all 20 minutes of the first half with four rebounds. No Sea Gull player managed more than five points other than Williams.
The Sea Gulls livened up in the second half to make a game of it as CUA battled to maintain the lead. Neither squad was able to take over with ten lead changes in the second twenty. At 2:57 Williams hit a free thrown to mark the seventh tie of the game but it would be Salisbury's last as the Cardinals managed to gain the advantage.
Salisbury committed a foul seconds later sending Dwyer to the line where he connected on both shots. After two missed shots the Sea Gulls were forced to foul again and the duo of Dwyer and Fumai sealed the deal. CUA snuck away with the 62-58 win.
Williams led all scorers with 25 points after playing all forty minutes, but Fumai topped him with 22 points in just 35 minutes as well as the victory. Dwyer added 17 points for CUA while Wheeler contributed 11 rebounds.
CUA will host Gallaudet on Saturday at the DuFour Center. Tip off is scheduled for 4:00 p.m.


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Can we safely add the father to the birth record? Posted on May 09, 2011My niece had a baby at 14 by an adult that was 19. They are still together and engaged to be married next summer. She now wants to put him on the birth record because they are both of age but is worried he could still get into trouble, so my question is can he and if so is it safe to ever add him?
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Gloria Luxury Apartment
Maximální počet hostů3
Počet místností1
Velikost31 m²
Floor No.
- Internet/WiFi
- Kuchyně
- Klimatizace
- Televize
- Ručníky
- Myčka na nádobí
- Vhodné pro rodiny s dětmi
Accommodation summary
|Rokova, 21000 Split, Chorvatsko
|Typ nemovitosti
|Ident. objektu
|Acceptance rate
|Response time
|A few hours
|Calendar updated
The apartment is equipped with a double bed and an additional and comfortable sofa/ bed, therefore suitable to accommodate up to 3 people. The bathroom has a bath tub, WC and bidet: hair dryer, towels, bath gel, soap, shampoo, hair balsam, are all available and included in price. In the kitchen you will find a microwave, toaster, coffee makers (both for Italian style Moka coffee and for American style coffee) as well as the kettle (water boiler) plates, glasses and other cooking utensils. The apartment is equipped with air conditioning / heating and floor heating, ideal for the winter period. Telephone, ironing equipment, cable TV (LCD), CD & DVD player as well as the no limit free WiFi Internet connection, all available in the accommodation.
The apartment is located on the ground floor therefore suitable for guest of all ages. Only 100 meters from the Promenade, city port and bus and train station.
Domovní řádPets are not accepted and smoking is not allowed.
|Monthly rate for up to 2 guests
|1052 €
|Cena za více než 2 ubytované(ých)
|21 € Cena za osobu/noc navíc
|Příjezd po
|Check-in before
|Odjezd před
|Stornovací podmínky
Duje was very friendly and inviting, the apartment was very nice and had everything we needed.
The location is just a few steps away from the center of the diocletian palace and you are next to the road where the airport shuttle bus arrives to /departs from, though when you're inside you don't hear any noise from the road. The bathroom is very clean and the bed is comfortable. Overall we had a great stay at the apartment.
Ohodnoďte tomuto hostiteli i další ubytování
El departamento es magnífico, muy moderno, aunque en algunas zonas hay que caminar algo agachado, pero ningún inconveniente. La ubicación es óptima justo en el medio de la zona turística pero a la vez es cómodo para ir a cualquier parte. Si vas en auto es difícil estacionar en la calle y hay que ir a un parking cercano (20 euros por día). Hay que hablar con la encargada del edificio para saber si alguien tiene la cochera vacía en esos días, entonces no hay inconveniente para estacionar, pero esa es la única contra que tiene el alojamiento. La atención de Gloria fue excelente. Seguramente volvería sin dudarlo.
Duje and Gloria are very nice and helpful. It was a nice and quite time in the apartment. Duje organized a taxi from and to the airport. Every time, the communication with him was uncomplicated and fast.
Our experience and travel to Split have just been awesome. And duje's appartment made it perfect! He welcomed us really warm and with open arms. He showed us the perfect cleaned and furnished apartment just in the perfect area to start our daily adventures. It was so nice and clean, we felt really comfortable. He also helped us out with informations and has been available all the time. The view out of the windows with the old-city charme, roofs and birds is breathtaking. Its a quiet, well looking, old-fashioned and great neighborhood where you find everything you need. You are on the sea and the harbor street in 1 minute walking with all it's fresh food and restaurants. We can highly recommend duje & his apartment to everybody who want to have a perfect and authentic trip.
Thank you again for everything! :)
Duje and her wife are very nice. They are friendly.
The flat is clean and beautiful. I like to much the decoration. the flat is two walks of the beach but the little of the center. Thanks.
- Ověřenou kvalitu ubytování
- Prověření každého hostitele
- Bezpečné platby prostřednictvím SSL šifrování


text:
The State Land Board is hoping to increase logging in the Elliott State Forest in order to help pay for schools. The proposal would increase the amount of lumber produced from 25 million board feet to 40 million board feet per year. It would generate an additional $3.6 million for Oregon schools and an estimated 120 new timber jobs. Environmental groups worry it would harm endangered species such as the spotted owl and coho salmon.
A proposed wind farm in the Columbia River Gorge is being considered by Washington Governor Chris Gregoire. The project has faced criticism from Seattle Audubon and the Friends of the Columbia River Gorge. Opponents say it could harm spotted owls and interfere with views in the nearby National Scenic Area.
And three transmission line projects, totaling nearly 1700 miles in new lines, are being fast-tracked by the federal government. Wildlife advocates are worried the lines could disrupt nesting for sage grouse and other species, but some say a lack of energy line infrastructure is holding alternative energy back from its full potential.
EarthFix reporter Courtney Flatt fills us in on these issues.
Would any of these projects affect you? How? Do you support them?
- Courtney Flatt: EarthFix reporter based in Richland, WA.