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PDF Version: The New Alberta Wetland Policy: White Area Wetlands, Just a Pawn in the Game?
Policy commented on: Alberta Wetland Policy
On September 10, 2013, the Alberta Government released its new Alberta Wetland Policy ("New Wetland Policy"). The release was long anticipated. It was preceded by 20 years of an "interim policy" applying to only part of the province, and by about 10 years of both lengthy and spurts and starts of consultations and processes aimed toward the province developing a comprehensive wetland policy approach applicable to the entire province. This ABlawg post presents and discusses the New Wetland Policy in a comparative, legal/political, and historical context. It describes the importance of wetlands and outlines wetland protection and conservation approaches in Alberta and elsewhere. It reviews the New Wetland Policy in this context to demonstrate how the New Wetland Policy compromises the protection of slough/marsh wetlands. A forthcoming ABlawg post by University of Calgary LLM student Dave Poulton will focus on the New Wetland Policy's mitigation hierarchy and the offset provisions.
The Nature of Wetlands, Government Authority to Regulate Them, and Wetland Loss
As defined in the New Wetland Policy "Wetlands are land saturated with water long enough to promote formation of water altered soils, growth of water tolerant vegetation, and various kinds of biological activity that are adapted to the wet environment" (at 4). Wetlands are among the most valuable natural systems on earth. They store and release surface water, re-charge groundwater, and aid in flood control. They reduce sedimentation and purify water, help control erosion, and sequester carbon. They can be hotbeds of biological diversity, and serve as important habitat for waterfowl, shorebirds, and other animals. They produce numerous ecological goods and services, have aesthetic, economic, heritage, recreational, and intrinsic values. (For general information on wetlands and wetland values see Ducks Unlimited Canada website wetland pages, Environment Canada, Wetlands Alberta, and Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development (ESRD), and links and references .
The Alberta government derives its legal authority to regulate wetlands and development that affects them under the Public Lands Act, RSA 2000, c P-30, as the owner of the bed and shores of all permanent and naturally occurring bodies of water (s 3), and under the Water Act, RSA 2000, c W-3 (and under predecessor legislation, the Water Resources Act, RSA 1980,c W-5), as the owner of all water in the province( Water Act, s 3). Under the Water Act and predecessor legislation a person who wishes to divert water or carry on land uses that impact water in a natural setting (subject to certain exceptions) requires an authorization, whether or not the bed and shores of the wetland is Crown owned under the Public Lands Act. Municipalities derive their authority to regulate impacts on wetlands under Part 17 of the Municipal Government Act, RSA 2000 c M-26, which deals with subdivisions and developments within a municipality. The federal government's authority may be found primarily under the Fisheries Act, RSC 1985, c F-14, s 34-38, which regulates impacts and pollution to wetlands that constitute fisheries habitat (spawning grounds or nursery, rearing, food supply, or migration area for fish), and under the Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994, ss 5-5.1, and Migratory Birds Regulations, CRC 1035, s 6, which prohibits the "taking" of migratory birds, nests, and eggs, and the deposit of harmful substances into waters frequented by migratory birds, without federal authorization . (For law related information on wetlands see A. Kwasniak, "Alberta Crown Ownership of Slough/Marsh Wetlands" (2007) 18 JELP 1, and A. Kwasniak, Alberta Wetlands a Law and Policy Guide (2001, North American Waterfowl Management Plan / Environmental Law Centre)).
Notwithstanding the significant values, functions and services of wetlands, it was not until the middle/latter 20th century that the need for wetland protection and conservation was visibly recognized. Even though efforts are now universally made to protect and conserve them (e.g. under The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Convention) February 2, 1971, 11 l.L.M. 969 (1972) (in force 1975), and numerous legislative and policy frameworks and tools worldwide), losses continue. In Alberta, losses, mainly due to agricultural drainage activities and urban development, in the settled (White) area of the province (see Alberta government Land Use Framework White Area/Green Area map here ) have been estimated at 70% and are growing at a rate of about 0.3%- 5% per year (Alberta ESRD, here).
Losses in the Green Area (boreal ecoregion) are more difficult to quantify but losses have occurred and will continue from development, such as impacts from current and planned oil sands mining and in situ operations, and forestry dispositions. It has been estimated that existing, approved, and proposed oil sands mining alone could result in the loss of up to 460,000 hectares of peatlands (Pembina Institute Backgrounder, Alberta Provincial Wetland Policy, May 2013, at 2, referring to Peter Lee and Ryan Cheng, Bitumen and Biocarbon Land Use Conversions and Loss of Biological Carbon Due to Bitumen Operations in the Boreal Forests of Alberta Canada (Global Forest Watch, 2009).
Legislative and Policy Directives
The Federal No-Net Loss Policy (1991) and U.S. No-Net Loss Policy
The federal government became manifestly involved in wetland protection and conservation by developing a wetland policy in 1991 with the Canadian Federal Government Policy on Wetland Conservation. The objective of the federal policy is to "to promote the conservation of Canada's wetlands to sustain their ecological and socio-economic functions, now and in the future" (p 5). The policy commits "all federal departments to the goal of no net loss of wetland functions (i) on federal lands and waters, (ii) in areas affected by the implementation of federal programs where the continuing loss or degradation of wetlands has reached critical levels, and (iii) where federal activities affect wetlands designated as ecologically or socio-economically important to a region" (p 7).
"No net loss" policies or directives seek to balance development that impacts wetland with wetland protection and conservation so that development results with no net loss of wetland function, and ideally result with a net gain. No net loss directives or policies typically prescribe a wetland management to achieve no net loss of wetland function known as a "no net loss mitigation formula, or hierarchy" such as, in the following order of preference: avoiding impacts to wetlands, and if avoidance is not achieved, then to minimize impacts. The last preference is to compensate through wetland restoration elsewhere, or possibly through wetland creation (see Environment Canada, Canada Wildlife Service, Implementing "No Net Loss" Goals to Conserve Wetlands in Canada, Issue Paper No. 1992-2, here).
In the U.S. the primary legal management and protection of wetlands is derived from the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, commonly called the Clean Water Act. Section 404 of the Act requires a federal authorization for dredging or filling activities impacting the "nations waters" including many wetlands. In exercising authority under section 404 of the Clean Water Act federal agencies implement no net loss of wetland function policies and directives (see EPA Compensatory Mitigation here. "No net loss" in the U.S. may be traced to the 1987 National Wetlands Policy Forum. As reported by the University of Florida, Florida Wetlands website , the "forum aimed to "achieve no overall net loss of the nation's remaining wetlands base and to create and restore wetlands, where feasible, to increase the quantity and quality of the nation's wetland resource base" (National Wetlands Policy Forum, 1988)".
Alberta's Wetland Management in the Settled Area of Alberta, An Interim Policy – a No Net Loss Policy
Like Canada, Alberta (through the now long defunct Alberta Water Resources Commission) also developed wetland policy in the early 1990's. In developing it, Alberta recognized that the nature of, stresses on, knowledge about, and issues relating to wetlands in the White Area (primarily slough/marsh wetlands) were not the same as the nature of, stresses on, knowledge about, and issues relating to wetlands in the Green Area (primarily peatlands, i.e. fens and bogs). Although the ultimate objective was one wetland policy and policy goal for the whole province, the Alberta Water Resources Commission proposed a different policy intent and mitigation formula for wetlands in the White Area than for wetlands in the Green Area of the province.
Alberta began with the White Area and in 1993 Cabinet approved Wetland Management in the Settled Area of Alberta: An Interim Policy ("Interim Policy"). Slough/Marsh wetlands, as defined in the Interim Policy (p 3) are "shallow, depressional areas that are permanently or periodically covered by standing or slowly moving water. Water levels fluctuate and open water may or may not be present. Vegetation may range from floating or submerged plants in the centre to cattails, rushes, sedges and grasses to willows and other shrubs along the fringes or margins. Potholes and marshes along water courses fall into this category. Slough/Marsh wetlands are most common in central and southern Alberta." The stated goal of the Interim Policy "… is to sustain the social, economic and environmental benefits that wetlands provide, now and in the future" (p 1).
The Policy Intent part of the Interim Policy sets out a no net loss formula/hierarchy for slough/marsh wetlands in the White Area of the province (p 3):
The intent of the policy with respect to slough/marsh wetlands in the Settled Area is, in descending order of preference:
(a) to conserve slough/marsh wetlands in a natural state.
(b) to mitigate degradation or loss of slough/marsh wetland benefits as near to the site of disturbance as possible.
(c) to enhance, restore or create slough/marsh wetlands in areas where wetlands have been depleted or degraded.
To illustrate, if a developer (urban, rural, agricultural, forestry, etc.) wants to drain or deplete or degrade any slough/marsh wetland (whether permanently containing water or intermittantly containing water), the developer needs authorization under provincial water legislation (prior to 1999 the Water Resources Act, and afterwards the Water Act) and, if the wetland is permanent and natural occuring, a disposition under the Public Lands Act. In determining whether to grant the authorization(s) and any conditions, the Interim Policy requires applying the no net loss mitigation formula/hierarchy. The Alberta Government eventually developed compensation ratios if preference (c) were utilized in the authorization process (see Provincial Wetland Restoration Compensation Guide). The Guide prescribes compensation for wetland loss on an replacement area basis. It justifies and explains this approach as follows ( p 7):
Compensation for lost wetland will be available on the basis of replacement ratios. It is almost impossible to fully replicate the complexity of a natural wetland ecosystem. For this reason, it is a generally accepted practice that a greater area (hectares) of restored wetland habitat will be required as compensation for a smaller area of destroyed natural wetland.
Wetland replacement ratios are numeric expressions of the ratio of wetland area replaced through restoration to wetland area lost. For example, a ratio of 3:1 means three hectares of equivalent wetland must be restored for each hectare of natural wetland impacted or lost. A minimum replacement ratio of 3:1 is commonly used. This ratio may change depending on site-specific circumstances as determined by a QWAES and subject to the approval of Alberta Environment.
Determination of replacement ratios is not an exact science. … The restored wetland should be an equivalent type of wetland, located in a landscape that is equally or less impacted, and offer the same degree of permanency as the impacted wetland wherever possible.
The Interim Policy has been in effect since 1993, and will stay in effect until the New Wetland Policy comes into effect.
Beyond Prairie Potholes: A Draft Policy for Managing Alberta's Peatlands and Non-Settled Area Wetlands (1993)
Concomitant with releasing the Interim Policy for the Settled Area of Alberta the Water Resources Commission released Beyond Prairie Potholes: A Draft Policy for Managing Alberta's Peatlands and Non-Settled Area Wetlands ("Draft Non-Settled
Area Policy"). In 1993 there was already industrial use in the Green Area, but extensive oil sands development was still in the future. It is safe to say that Government anticipated increased oil sands development and was wise to try to get a policy in place for the Green Area. Although the Draft Non-Settled Area Policy covered both peatlands and slough/marsh wetlands in the Green Area, the lion's share of wetlands in the Green Area are peatlands. Peatlands account for 93% (12.7 million hectares) of the wetlands in Alberta, mostly located in the Green Area (Draft Non-Settled Area Policy p 5). Although the proposed (for discussion) Policy goal for the Draft Non-Settled Area Policy was the same as that for the Interim Policy for the Settled Area ("to sustain the social, economic and environmental benefits that functioning wetlands provide, now and in the future" p 9), the Draft Non-Settled Area Policy proposed (for discussion) different policy intent and mitigation approach for peatlands, in contrast to slough/marsh wetlands (p 9):
Policy Intent
Peatlands: The Intent of the draft policy with respect to peatlands located throughout the province is:
- to ensure that representative, rare, and unique peatland ecosystems are set aside to protect identified values;
- to allow use of peatlands where the social and economic benefits of development are considered to be greater than the loss of wetland functionbs and values; and,
- to minimize, and mitigate where necessary, the adverse effects of developments in the watershed which impact peatlands, as well as the effects of peatlands on the watershed.
Slough/Marsh Wetlands: The intent of the draft policy with respect to slough/marsh wetlands located throughout the province is:
- to conserve slough/marsh wetlands in a natural state;.
- to mitigate degradation or loss of slough/marsh wetland benefits as near to the site of disturbance as possible; and
- to enhance, reslore, or create wetlandsijn areas where slough/marsh wetlands have been depleted or degraded.
Accordingly, a no net loss approach and mitigation formula/hierarchy would apply for slough/marsh wetlands, wherever they occur in the Province, Green Area or White Area, and something less than a no-net loss approach would apply to peatlands. The Draft Non-Settled Area Policy anticipated losses of peatlands, though the Policy intent was to protect significant peatlands, and to require, "where necessary," minimization and mitigation of peat land loss.
The Non-Settled Area Policy never saw the light of day and until the New Wetland Policy comes into effect there is no wetland policy that applies to the Green Area.
The Consultation Years
The enactment of the Water Act in 1999, subsequent Water for Life policy (2003), and the development of the multi-stakeholder Alberta Water Council (2004) "to champion the achievement of the [Water for Life] strategy's three goals" (safe, secure drinking water supply; healthy aquatic ecosystems; reliable, quality water supplies for a sustainable economy) (see Water Council website here), all lead to the development of a Water Council wetland subcommittee, the multi-stakeholder Wetland Policy Project Team (which I was on) (the "Project Team"). The mandate of the Project Team was to make recommendations for a wetland policy that would apply to the whole province. In 2005-2006 the Project Team drafted a policy and implementation plan and the Water Council approved the key outcomes. In 2007 the Project Team held 7 workshops throughout the province, and developed a public consultation workbook which was put to public consultation. The draft goal set out in the workbook was to maintain or increase wetland area and hence wetland function. The public and special interest sectors all endorsed this goal (though sector percentages differed), and in 2008 the Project Team engaged in tense, final negotiations. In the end a non-consensus report was made to the Water Council in September 2008. The dissenters to consensus were the Alberta Chamber of Resources, and the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers who, among other matters, objected to no net loss claiming that this was an unreasonable and infeasible expectation for the oil sands industry (see Pembina Institute Alberta provincial wetland policy Backgrounder here). In 2008 the Water Council presented the Project Team's recommendations to the Minister of the Environment (see Alberta Water Council recommendations for a New Alberta Wetlands Policy here), and included the two non-consensus letters. The recommendations included a no-net loss of wetlands goal (p 2 "the goal … is to maintain wetland area in Alberta such that the ecological, social, and economic benefits that wetlands provide are maintained") with increase to wetland area as a voluntary and aspirational goal (p 3). The proposed mitigation formula/hierarchy, like the Interim Policy, was to avoid, minimize, and compensate as a last preference. Compensation was to be area based. The document stated ( p 2) " … until such time as a practical and scientifically sound function-based approach is available, the objective of compensation under the current Wetland Mitigation Decision Framework is to replace the area of wetland lost and the associated wetland functions." After two years, the Minister of Environment announced that it would not be accepting the Alberta Water Council Project Team recommendations. Then Minister Renner was reported to have said "Not all wetlands are alike,"… "A one-size-fits-all policy isn't going to work" (see Kelly Cryderman, "Alberta dilutes wetland defence – Lost habitat won't always be replaced" Calgary Herald October 30, 2010, here).
Since then the government took on the task of developing a policy and consulted in various forms, e.g. in 2010 it distributed to key stakeholders a Wetland Policy Intent, and in 2011/12 engaged in other consultation such as an expert consultation on wetland valuation and mitigation.
The New Wetland Policy
Overview- goal, outcomes, mitigation formula
The New Wetland Policy covers both the White Area and the Green Area of the province with one set of goals, outcomes, and methods to reach the outcomes. The New Wetland Policy has been subject of considerable commentary, including by the Pembina Institute (September 10th) Jennifer Grant, "Pembina reacts to the release of the new Alberta Wetland Policy here , the Alberta Wilderness Association (September 10th) "Alberta Wetland Policy Exempts Oilsands Industry, Abandons No-Net-Loss in Prairies" (contact, Carolyn Campbell) here; the Environmental Law Centre (September 11th) Jason Unger, "Alberta's new wetland policy: baby steps in an adult world" here; the Calgary Herald, numerous articles, including (September 10th) Canadian Press, "Alberta has released a wetland policy seven years in the making" here, (September 11th) Stephen Ewart , "Ewart: McQueen reveals 'watered down' wetland policy here, and (September 13th) Graham Thompson, "Alberta's wetlands policy turns out to be all wet" here ; and the Edmonton Journal, (September 11th) Sheila Pratt, "Environmental Groups slam wetland plan" here, and (September 14th) Graham Thompson, "Bogged down by Alberta's Wetland Policy" here . The New Wetland Policy states that it is a "go-forward" policy, that it will be "effective from date of approval" (p 7) and anticipates an implementation phase in and timeline (p 23). To my knowledge, neither the proposed date of approval nor implementation phase in or timeline have been provided by government. Regarding it being a go-forward policy, Sheila Pratt, Ibid, reported that "Environment Department ecologist Thorsten Hebben confirmed that all currently operating, approved and approval in-waiting projects are exempt."
The goal of the New Wetland Policy, like the Interim Policy is to "conserve, restore, protect, and manage Alberta's wetland to sustain the benefits they provide to the environment, society, and economy." But as the following discussion shows, from there on there are significant departures. To demonstrate, this post will comment on the goal in conjunction with the outcomes.
The "outcomes" for achieving the New Wetland Policy goal are (p 2):
- Wetlands of the highest value are protected for the long-term benefit of all Albertans.
- Wetlands and their benefits are conserved and restored in areas where losses have been high.
- Wetlands are managed by avoiding, minimizing, and if necessary, replacing lost wetland value.
- Wetland management considers regional context.
Re Outcome 1: Saving wetlands on the basis of "value" and "relative value"
In the Interim Policy, if a wetland is a slough/marsh wetland in the White Area, then the policy applies, and the mitigation formula/hierarchy applies so that the preferred course of action is to conserve the wetland in a natural state, and to avoid impacts. This is not so with the New Wetland Policy. The New Wetland Policy will protect wetlands of the "highest value." Although the New Wetland Policy states that "avoidance of impacts" is the preferred course of action "regardless of wetland value" (p 16), it continues by stating that in "cases where avoidance is deemed impracticable and a negative wetland impact is likely to occur, wetlands of higher relative value should require stronger evidence of effort to avoid than lower value wetlands" (p 16). "Relative value" in the New Wetland Policy means the "importance of a wetland from an ecological and human perspective. Using this approach, wetlands are compared across a common list of meaningful metrics and assigned a relative value category" (p 25, New Wetlands Policy). "Deemed impracticable" is not clear (deemed by whom, the developer who wants to drain a wetland, deemed by the decision maker?) but assuming impracticable is deemed, value or relative value will play a critical role in government deciding whether to authorize a wetland loss.
The notion of wetland "value" and "relative value" in the New Policy is, in my view, problematic, based on questionable criteria, and likely will place an unfortunate social and economic burden on the public, heritage, Aboriginal, community, and other interests who may strive to protect a given wetland from loss or impact. The New Wetland Policy states that "wetland value will be assessed based on relative abundance on the landscape, supported biodiversity, ability to improve water quality, importance to flood reduction, and human uses" (p 2). Why these factors amount to "value" or "relative value" is a mystery, and it is not obvious why some particular accumulation of the presence of these factors make any given wetland more "valuable" in an ordinary parlance sense than another wetland. Although some wetland functions and benefits may be measurable (e.g. wetland function in assimilating pollution and benefits to water utilities or users by reducing water treatment costs) factually ascertainable functions and quantifiable benefits do not equate to normative value. A wetland with significant heritage value in an area where wetlands are abundant with little, e.g. flood protection, exceptional improvement of water quality, etc. might be as valuable, in a normative sense, in the real world, and to real people, and as worthy of saving, as a wetland in a non-abundant area, that scores highly under each of the criteria.
And why should abundance detract from value? Are the children in an elementary school with 1000 students less valuable than the children in an elementary school with 100 students (and the latter children more valuable than the more abundant ones)? What does "supported biodiversity" mean? Directly, indirectly supported? Is more better here, and if so, why should that be? Isn't desert ecology as valuable as a rainforest ecology?
What will happen if a developer applies to drain a wetland and a local neighborhood community wishes that it stay natural and intact? Do both the developer and the neighborhood have to hire scientists and consultants to determine the various value components and argue them to decision makers? The New Wetland Policy anticipates wetland relative value mapping, to be used along with other tools and approaches to determine relative value, but how will this value mapping be established, and will the mapped values be set in stone? (See New Wetland Policy p 17). What if a wetland is up for drainage and there is no concerned person or group with deep enough pockets to hire the appropriate experts and consultants to argue for a high enough value to save the wetland?
Re Outcome 3: mitigation formula
Outcome 3 sets out the mitigation formula in the New Wetland Policy as "avoid, minimization, replacement." This sounds similar to earlier policy iterations, but "replacement" in Orwellian doublespeak style includes options, such as cash payments, that could be used for education and other purposes that will not actually replace wetland area or function on the ground (New Wetland Policy, pp 14, 15 and 18-20). Dave Poulton's forthcoming ABlawg post will provide more detailed discussion on the mitigation formula, and offsets relating to wetland loss.
Re Outcomes 2 and 4: Conservation where there are high losses, and Regional considerations
Outcome 2, that "Wetlands and their benefits are conserved and restored in areas where losses have been high" suggests that there may be more emphasis on avoidance and minimization in the White Area where there have been high losses. This might fall out of the wetland valuation scheme in applying the non-abundance criterion as well. But this outcome is still a far cry from the Interim Policy that directs that all slough marsh wetlands are conserved in a natural state as a first preference.
Outcome 4 is that "Wetland management consider a regional context." Although not explicit in the New Wetland Plan, this outcome may eventually tie into regional planning under the Alberta Land Stewardship Act, SA 2009, c 26-8, Alberta's legislative foundation for regional planning and implementation. Outcome 4 also implicitly supports the potential for more wetland loss in some areas, e.g. where wetlands are abundant, and less loss in other areas, e.g. where wetlands are not abundant.
Not No-Net Loss
The New Wetland Policy, unlike the Interim Policy, the Federal Wetland Policy, the U.S. Wetland Policy, and the Water Council/Wetland Project Team (non-consensus) recommendations, is not a no-net loss policy. Absent are the words "sustain" or "maintain" wetlands area or function. The New Wetland Policy anticipates loss, and loss will inevitably especially occur in abundant wetland areas (e.g. the Green Area) where wetlands will score lower under the relative wetland value criteria, and where replacement will occur by mechanisms that will not add wetlands or wetland function on the ground (like paying cash).
Final comment – 20 years ago, and we were so much older then
As earlier mentioned, back in 1993 government anticipated one wetland policy for the province with a single goal "… to sustain the social, economic and environmental benefits that wetlands provide, now and in the future" but proposed different mitigation approaches to reach that goal. The Interim Policy for the White Area intent and implementation required no net loss of slough/marsh wetlands, and the Draft Policy for the Green Area anticipated loss, but required protection of significant or representative wetlands, and mitigation measures as necessary. Although the Draft Policy certainly could and should have been stronger, I believe, and have personally maintained throughout the post Interim Policy wetland policy development, that in principle the government's 1993 approach was correct. The stresses on, knowledge about, and issues relating to wetlands in the White Area (primarily slough/marsh wetlands) are different from those relating to the Green Area. The New Wetland policy suffers from the lowest common denominator effect to make the policy workable, in the perspective and views of the oil and gas industry, with respect to mitigation of peatland impacts. Reclamation in the oil sands under the Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act, RSA 2000, c E-12, and the Conservation and Reclamation Regulation, Alta Reg 115/1993 is to "equivalent land capability,' which does not mean necessarily what it was before. Scientists have claimed that "Contrary to claims made in the media, peatland destroyed by open-pit mining will not be restored. Current plans dictate its replacement with upland forest and tailings storage lakes, amounting to the destruction of over 29,500 ha of peatland" (see Rebecca C. Rooney, Suzanne E. Bayley, and David W. Schindler, "Oil sands mining and reclamation cause massive loss of peatland and stored carbon," 109 PNAS 13, 4933–4937 (2011) (quote from Abstract)). Given that in the past the industry has not gone the route of replacing peatland landscapes with peatland landscapes in reclamation processes and plans, it is not surprising that the industry balked at the proposal for a no net loss policy applying to peatland losses, even on a go-forward basis. Mitigating peatland loss with peatland restoration or creation poses challenges to the industry (see Lee Foote "Threshold Considerations and Wetland Reclamation in Alberta's Mineable Oil Sands" (2012) 17 Ecology and Society 1, art. 35, here). Peatland restoration and construction science and practices, though progressing, are not as developed as the science and practices of slough/marsh wetland restoration and construction. (Generally see Carolyn Campbell, "Compensation for Disturbed Wetlands – A Leap of Faith?" WLA June 2008 • Vol. 16, No 3, pp 13-14, here, and lecture by Dr. Susan Bayley, 2013, "Ecological Resilience of Alberta Wetlands", here). Nevertheless, peatlands may take millennia to develop and have vast ecological, economic, heritage, aesthetic and other values (see, for example APEX: Introduction to Peatlands, University of Guelph here and Lee Foote, supra) and it is vital that peatland losses be mitigated in the oil sands development processes, even if, in the end, not on a strictly no net loss basis.
This comment should not be seen as support for oil and gas industry preventing Wetland Project Team consensus. Instead it should be seen as a reality check, and a pondering as to what would have happened if the comprehensive wetland policy had, as proposed in 1993, one policy goal, but two mitigation formulae: a no net loss approach for slough/marsh wetlands, and an ecologically sound, based on current and developing science, but different peatland loss mitigation approach. Perhaps, as a result of the policy development process we would now have a strong no net loss and ideally net gain policy for slough/marsh wetlands in Alberta that was built by focussing on the nature of, stresses on, knowledge about, and issues relating to slough/ marsh wetlands, rather than a watered down, lowest common denominator policy that is weaker than the Interim Policy, the Federal Policy, and the U.S. policy. Perhaps we also would have a separate mitigation approach for peatlands that is appropriate for peatland loss and restoration (which may or may not, at the end of policy development, be no net loss) that was established in light of the unique and substantial current and future stresses on these critically important wetland landscapes.
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· skiing back to the hotel · ski bus stop outside · 5 minutes walk to village centre · 8 minutes walk to Hohe Salve lifts
The Hotel Gänsleit is a very popular, informal hotel that has many repeat guests. The friendly owners Steve, Rosi and their family will make sure your stay is a memorable one. Steve takes his guests skiing, ensuring that you enjoy the highlights of the Söll and Ski Welt area. The hotel has a reputation for good food. Under normal conditions, it is possible to ski right back to the door of the hotel at the end of the day.
· sauna, steam room, fitness room and relaxation area · extra charge for massage, solarium and whirlpool · ski guiding with hotel owner (2 x weekly) · bar and TV with Sports channels · extra charge for WiFi in lounge area · 30 bedrooms · lift to all floors
for 2 people on half board sharing a room with Austrian twin beds, private shower and WC. Rooms with balcony or terrace and single rooms are also available at a supplement. Family rooms (sleeping max. 2 adults or 2 adults and 2 children up to 13 yrs incl.) consisting of one room with Austrian twin beds and living room with double sofa bed. Triple and quad rooms (sleeping max. 2 adults) are available at a supplement, third and fourth beds are put-up beds, sofa beds or similar. All bedrooms have safe, hairdryer, cable TV, many with balcony or terrace and are non-smoking.
· hot and cold buffet breakfast · 4 course evening meals with choice of main course and regular salad buffet · weekly spare ribs evening · weekly cake buffet · Christmas and New Year's Eve gala dinners included
Hotel Gansleit is non-smoking throughout.
|Sat 24 Feb 201824/02/18
|Sat 03 Mar 201803/03/18
|Sat 10 Mar 201810/03/18
|Sat 17 Mar 201817/03/18
|Sat 24 Mar 201824/03/18
•Super-efficient lift system •Austria's longest night time slope
The hub of the SkiWelt area, Söll's a traditional and animated village at the foot of the Hohe Salve Mountain, looking out to the rugged Wilder Kaiser massif. With lots on for families, some smashing Austrian après and mile after mile to ski, the resort's become a firm favourite with Brits over the years, and rightly so.
Great for •Families •Night skiing •Non-skiers
Snow Report: Top 170cm, Bottom 80cm
Snow Forecast: 2cm expected this week
Snow History: February average depth 130.17cm
Approx. airport transfer times depend on conditions:
|Innsbruck (INN)
|78km, 1 hour
|Salzburg (SZG)
|118km, 1 hour 15mins
|Munich (MUC)
|144km, 1 hour 30mins
|Austria, Alps.
|First opened:
Soll lift pass price last reported as €235 (adult 6 day). Ask for a quote when booking Hotel Gänsleit.
Night skiing: Yes
Soll has NSEW facing slopes.
Usually open for skiing December - April.
|Town altitude:
|Top of slopes:
|Bottom of piste:
|Vertical drop:
|Total length of trails:
|Longest piste:
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subset: commoncrawl


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2012 Craft Sales Ideas and Plans
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Glitter Guru
Join Date: Feb 2008
Location: central Illinois
Posts: 5,580
Originally Posted by
I am having my first craft fair in December. I am super excited. I am sort of on a test run to see what sells.
Does anyone have a template for the Apron that holds tea bags?
Also, has anyone ever sold Altered Mailboxes?
Where do you get your post-it notes at a good price?
Do you include pens with your decorated composition books? Are they holiday themed or Generic Themed? How much do you sell these for?
If anyone will help out a newbie, I would appreciate it!
Hi Ginger! Good luck to you!! I do love doing the craft fairs. I like to meet people, talk and sell stuff!
The apron template is on here pretty sure. Just search it under the templates and patterns. I know I got one in a swap one time so that one became my template.
I have bought the red mailboxes and then never did a thing with them, so I keep meaning to decorate them up but never get around to it. LOL Lots of people have though so maybe someone else can weigh in.
Post its at a good price....that's a tough one. I usually just watch for sales at Staples or Office Max or wherever but if in a pinch, I just pick them up at Walmart or Sams Club. Sales watching is key to getting those babies affordable!
I dont do composition books but yes, I would include a pen. Any of my post it note holders or mini books always have one of the mini pens with them. I think people like pens as much as anything else. The RSVP pens are good and they can also be decorated to match by opening them up and putting in a rolled up piece of coordinating paper. I would say mostly on those types of items, I make generic vs. holiday. Because they last well beyond christmas I think most people would want one to go all year long. But you could make some mini comp books with the Christmas theme for lists and things like that. Those are always cute! Someone who makes those can weigh in on pricing.
Just remember, have fun!
*Bring a comfy folding chair because a lot of times you are only offered a metal folding chair that can get hard to sit in all day.
*Bring plenty of change....ones and fives especially.
*Bring a book to read or something else to do, like crocheting, that is easy to pick up and put down.
*Bring water and other drinks so you can save money. Lunch too if you dont want to buy from the place you are set up at. We usually buy lunch there at least one of the days to support the cause but bring our own drinks.
*Make sure your display is clean and interesting looking. Uncluttered is important.
*Use matching tableclothes or if using non-matching, make sure they are fun and interesting. I like to use some of my vintage ones where an area might need a bit of color, but on my main tables, I always just use white. I then use wood bowls and bright green plastic bins I picked up at the $ store to put my items in, or just set them out on the tablescloths.
* Go for different heights. This keeps people's interest and makes your display look more dimensional.
*You don't have to put it all out at once if you have made a lot of one item, but remember, you have to be able to get to it easily if you need to grab more. I always put my extra boxes under the tables (make sure your tablecloth is long enough to cover the front of your display so you can do this) and have the extra items right close so I can grab them and not have to dig thru 100 boxes in front of people.
*If you're like me and like to know how something sells, then make an inventory sheet. Do this either when setting up, or well before that. There isn't much time the day of the show to keep inventory. I like to tally after each day if its a 2 day show so I can get an idea of #s for next year.
These are just some of the things I have learned over the years, selling different products at craft shows. It applies to Pampered Chef, tupperware, whatever, as well as papercrafty stuff.
Kelly, Hello Sunshine Studio
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Tipperary pride has the flag flying on the road to Croker
Councillor Jim Ryan was walking through Thurles town centre just over a week ago when he noticed that - despite the march of the Tipperary hurlers towards yet another All-Ireland final in Croke Park - there wasn't a scrap of blue-and-gold bunting in sight on Liberty Square. So he contacted the county council, only to be informed that there were no funds to decorate the heartland of hurling - and the venue for the team's triumphant homecoming, should the Premier County quell the Kilkenny Cats on Sunday.
So the Independent councillor swung into action; through Tipp FM and social media, he launched an appeal for bunting. "I was absolutely thrilled with the response. Nearly 30 volunteers turned up in the Square and we got fantastic sponsorship from local business people and we put the bunting up in a couple of hours, and now the place is awash with colour. It's the way it should be for an All-Ireland," said Jim. "Now all we need is the Liam McCarthy to come home."
On one side of a bustling Liberty Square a large banner wishing the team good luck hangs over the front facade of Hayes Hotel, the hallowed spot where the Gaelic Athletic Association was founded by Michael Cusack in 1884. But the hotel went into receivership last year, and is due to go under the hammer at auction later this month and Jim, along with many locals, is anxious that its important link to the GAA be preserved. "It's absolutely important that whoever buys the hotel will keep that tradition, heritage and culture," he said. "My first preference is that the GAA would buy it and turn it into the Mecca of hurling".
Read more: Kilkenny Cats are looking for a Purrfect Ten over Tipperary
But it's not just in Thurles that community spirit is in evidence, but across the county. The village of Borrisoleigh, proud home of Tipperary captain Brendan Maher, are hoping that the local hero will bring home the cup for the first time since 2010. On the outskirts of the village, motorists are greeted by a feisty road-sign showing a mocked-up picture of Kilkenny's legendary hurling manager dousing himself with a bucket of ice alongside the declaration: 'The Ice Bucket Challenge Is The Only Thing Brian Cody Will Be Lifting Over His Head This Year'.
Club team-mate Benny Harkin is hoping for victory. "After hurling so well against Cork, and dominating, I think we definitely have a chance. And with Brendan as captain it's exceptional to be there, I can't wait for Sunday," he said.
Read more: Shefflin to miss out on 14th All-Ireland final start
This was echoed by local butcher Joey O'Dwyer. "There's great excitement and great banter going on when Kilkenny men come into the shop," he explained.
However, nowhere is the buzz of anticipation louder than in the housing estate of Kennedy Park in Roscrea. Despite not having anyone from the area on this Tipp team, the residents have put in a huge effort to transform their neighbourhood into a sea of blue and gold. On the main road, the proprietor of The Auburn Lounge, James Ryan, has a decorated car on display proclaiming: 'We Stopped the Drive for 5. Henry's 10 To Be Denied' - a fighting reference to Kilkenny King Henry Shefflin's hopes of nabbing a 10th winner's medal.
Read more: The Big Debate: Should Cody start Shefflin in showdown with Tipperary?
On the estate, a group of lads have spent two weeks climbing ladders and fixing bunting, teddies and flags to roofs and walls and windows over 200 houses. "It's a great buzz and shows the huge level of community spirit here," said one of the organisers, Neil Conlon. "We decorated a car as well - there were three teddy bear cats stuck to the car's grille and hanging over the roof. But they somehow disappeared," he said.
Shane Lee, a member of the local resident's association, agreed that the atmosphere on the estate was fantastic. "Everyone came together and chipped in so we could buy flags and bunting, and we're still putting some up at this stage. It's the first year we've done this on such a scale, and we've had a huge reaction from people driving past."
Irish Independent
Promoted Links
Related Content
- The Big Debate: Should Cody start Shefflin in showdown with Tipperary?
- Kilkenny Cats are looking for a Purrfect Ten over Tipperary
- Video: 'That's right' - Pat Shortt gives advice to the Tipp hurlers for All-Ireland Final
- Kilkenny's adopted son Dempsey plotting further glory for Cats
- Shefflin to miss out on 14th All-Ireland final start
- Birthplace of the GAA to go under the hammer for €500,000


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What does fagaceae mean?
Definitions for fagaceae
Here are all the possible meanings and translations of the word fagaceae.
Princeton's WordNet
Fagaceae, family Fagaceae, beech family(noun)
chiefly monoecious trees and shrubs: beeches; chestnuts; oaks; genera Castanea, Castanopsis, Chrysolepis, Fagus, Lithocarpus, Nothofagus, Quercus
The family Fagaceae, or beech family, comprises about 600 species of both evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs, which are characterized by alternate simple leaves with pinnate venation, unisexual flowers in the form of catkins, and fruit in the form of cup-like nuts. Fagaceous leaves are often lobed and both petioles and stipules are generally present. Fruits lack endosperm and lie in a scaly or spiny husk that may or may not enclose the entire nut, which may consist of one to seven seeds. The best-known group of this family is the oaks, genus Quercus, the fruit of which is a non-valved nut called an acorn. The husk of the acorn in most oaks only forms a cup in which the nut sits. Several members of the Fagaceae have important economic uses. Many species of oak, chestnut, and beech are commonly used as timber for floors, furniture, cabinets, and wine barrels. Cork for stopping wine bottles and a myriad of other uses is made from the bark of cork oak, Quercus suber. Chestnuts, a tasty treat enjoyed by many in the winter, are the fruits from species of the genus Castanea. Numerous species from several genera are prominent ornamentals, and wood chips from the genus Fagus are often used in flavoring beers.
U.S. National Library of Medicine
A plant family of the order Fagales subclass Hamamelidae, class Magnoliopsida.
Chaldean Numerology
The numerical value of fagaceae in Chaldean Numerology is: 9
Pythagorean Numerology
The numerical value of fagaceae in Pythagorean Numerology is: 2
Images & Illustrations of fagaceae
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Get teacher fired….
— Posted by NegetiveCreep on 12:03 am on Feb. 21, 2002
It is my personal opinion that if you don't like something, change it. And I don't like my fucked over, corupt, little school. Step one in fucking it up good is to get rid of the teachers that stand in my way. First on the list is a corrupt little computor teacher. He has managed to get numerous kids kicked out. The problem is how to get rid of him? I can't be connected to it, my school is to small. So how do I pull it off? Also if anyone has any other ideas on how to mess up this school, I would appreciate them. Feel free to e-mail me for more info on these little fuckers or just to talk. Thanks for the help.
— Posted by OzzY on 9:39 am on Feb. 21, 2002
hm.. try to steal his keys (home/car, NOT school!) and duplicate them some way.. if it ain't possible, just do it at some time before "DAY X".. now, try to find some really nasty childporn on the internet (if you or a friend has dsl it's no prob, believe me.. as said as it is :/ ) , if you want to add some dramatically to it try to make photos of your classmates after sport, especially boys in the showers or when going off.. and to it without the camera's light, so they don't realize.. (and try to make these with a digital camera, so you don't have to bring them to a story to make them.. uhm.. well, to make the pure negative film to photos, sadly don't know how thats called in eglish, you should know what i mean!
now, burn these made images and childporns on cd, and even better, if you have a tv-out-card, buy some clear videos at a supermarket in a town a little far away.. best would be anywhere where NOone knows you! now play the porn over to the videos, and don't forget to keep the bill! (if you buy some condoms with it it's even more effective..)
NOW use the before/after stealed keys and get into his car / house and try to hide some films and cds in his house/car.. and don't forget either the bill nor some cruel and ugly names for the videos..
that's it, nearly.. go to a phone in a park or else (even better if it's in an area where u're unknown) and call 911 (police?! don't know the american number, i only saw "the fast ant the furious" :D) and tell them, that you want to stay unknown and that your teacher Mr.XXX has said ugly things to you and that he asked you for making pornos when you where alone with him.. and tell them that he hurted a classmate of yours, and tell them a name of a pupil in a DIFFERENT class than your's!
Thats it, finally >:D the police should take care of him, if you add some extra mean details even faster, but if done right he'll be knocked out faster than you can say "chicametipoh"
-OzzY B.
— Posted by rezin on 12:13 pm on Feb. 21, 2002
You could do what Ozzy b has said or you coulld cross your problem in a more siomplistic way jus purchase a sac from your local dealer and if you odnt know what I meen by sack then you souldnt be on the sight then whenever you know the routine inspection that the k-9 units in your school make and you have figured out the appropriete dates that they will come and put the sack in your teachers personnel posessions Purse, Briefcase, Car…. etc.
— Posted by Darkie on 1:48 pm on Feb. 21, 2002
Getting a teacher fired is hard as fugin sh3t. I did once and it was for LEGIT reasons and it took all year and about 100 kids on my side. The school will cover for ur teacher no matter what. Trust me on this one: It is a lot easier to make them WANT TO LEAVE then to try and FORCE THEM TO LEAVE. Just give em hell. That is easy nuff and requires no more explanation. But one time i took a floppy disk and put porn on it and wrote on it "Mr. XXXX's nrop" then bent the slidey thingy up a bit so it would get stuck in the A: drive. Then he had to bring it to the school's tech person. When they took it out he got busted but they figured a kid did it.
— Posted by Darkness on 2:28 pm on Feb. 21, 2002
all u have 2 do is fuck with the teacher so much he hits ya
(Edited by Darkness at 2:29 pm on Feb. 21, 2002)
— Posted by Darkie on 4:06 pm on Feb. 21, 2002
O that would work. The problem is getting him to hit ya. Most the stuff you would do to obtain that goal is concidered harrassment and would get u booted out of school and fined. Plus that is not very possible if it a woman. Maybe gettin one of ur friends to really sock you then bring ur bloody ass to the SRO(school cop) with a couple of witnesses would do te job,but i have my doubts.
No matter what, if ur trying to discredit rather than frighten, make sure, absolutely sure that the NEWS poeple find out BEFORE the school! Or ur story will be buried for years.
— Posted by Sicopath on 5:27 am on Feb. 22, 2002
Simple solution: Get a buncha adults to lodge anonymous molestation complaints. All these matters have to be brought to the school board who try hard not to be involved with encouraging illegal activity. The teacher will be under surveillance for months and it will drive him insane.
— Posted by emergencygangsta on 5:22 pm on Feb. 24, 2002
You would need to do a lot to make a teacher hit you but it could be acheived if you were 'BAD' enough.
But if it was a soft shit of a teacher, then it would probably be impossible(and lets face it, most of them are)I mean, how many teachers do you hear talking about explosives and guns. No, i didn't think there was any either!
— Posted by qube on 5:47 pm on Feb. 24, 2002
A teacher wont hit you. They are trained to never turn to violence. Also teachers may look soft, but maybe they have a different social life?
— Posted by NegetiveCreep on 5:51 pm on Feb. 24, 2002
Plus I'm a chick so it would be very unlikely for him to hit me.
— Posted by rezin420 on 11:55 am on Feb. 25, 2002
Another thing about my above statement I dont if any of you go to extremely large schools or what but as with the whiolel placeing a sac in the techers personnel objects my teachers are real laid back and allow us near thier possessions and bevareges so excctracting the thc from your stash and creating aliquid and placing it in their bevareage would be advisble because they will and can ask the teacher to take a drug test to verify the fact that the drugz are theirs
— Posted by NegetiveCreep on 10:02 pm on Feb. 25, 2002
brilliant! 🙂 now can anyone tell me how to extract the THC or should I just check the drug forum?
— Posted by unabonger420 on 7:54 pm on Feb. 27, 2002
there are certain things you can do but it also depends where u live and what the school policies are at my school all u have to do is get some dirt on a teacher like them talking about confidential information pictures of them doing cocaine llike me and my friends got little things thjat they do behind the closet like various drugs
— Posted by rezin420 on 11:36 am on Feb. 28, 2002
um well I dont know if they have anything on this sight about making herb tea but I have a websight thats has detailed steps to make Green Dragon An Alcoholic bevarage made with weed, A butter made thc so you can cook "herbal" foods,and also and recipe for shroom and weed tea if you really are interested send me an email at
firstname.lastname@example.com aand I will send you the URL and the directioons to make wahtever youd like.
— Posted by MechanicalReaper on 12:44 pm on Feb. 28, 2002
What U need to do is take pictures of a girls in his classes asses and put them in his drawer then go to get something out of his drawer and show him the pics and ask him where they came from. Then show the priciple and everthing and you get the point
— Posted by brainwave on 4:19 pm on Mar. 18, 2002
put his name on a bunch of sex mailing list, teen ones and have it sent to the school, put his name on every phone list you can find on the net but make sure you leave the schools phone number, get a guy to call the cops from a pay phone pretending to be him and report his car stolen,the cops will be on the look out and pull him over, make some notes on your computer saying some really nasty shit about him, dont get prints on them,this stuff might not get him fired but it will piss him off bad:cool:


text:
Submitted by: Sherry Spurlock
Prep Time: 3 Minutes
Cook Time: 10 Minutes
Servings: 1
Green beans with almond and goji berries in a butter citrus dressing.
Combine butter, goji berries, and salt in a small saucepan and heat, stirring constantly to dissolve the salt, until butter is melted. Add the lemon juice, and set aside. Steam the green beans (about 3 minutes) just until tender then sprinkle with the almonds and dress with the lemon-butter mixture.


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Phoenix Brighton
Contemporary visual arts gallery showing a range of stimulating work in all media by artists based in the UK and beyond. Part of a large arts organisation running studios, workshops, residencies, events, and outreach.
Venue Type:
Gallery, Artist studio or collective
Wednesday - Sunday 11 - 5
Closed: Mondays and Tuesdays
Additional info
Work and meeting space for hire.
The Sitting Room
- 17 February — 18 March 2018 *on now
Dave Stephens, Anne Bean, Lewis Robinson
Utilising sculpture, installation, drawing and performance, the chair in its many permutations is the inspiration and starting point for diverse experiments with form and meaning.
From the humble cottage spindle seat to the majestic throne, the chair has become so omnipresent in our daily lives as to seem virtually invisible. Chairs are a natural extension of the human form, their construction mimicking the shape of a seated person, supporting and protecting the body.
Each of the three artists have established their unique interdisciplinary practices over several decades, and in this exhibition they celebrate the chair in their individual ways in order to generate personal narratives, playful interventions, and philosophical journeys.
Suitable for
- Any age
Rocket Artists present Art by Johnny
- 2 — 29 April 2018
Rocket Artists, a group of artists with and without learning disabilities will journey together to explore the notion of inclusive, collaborative curation. They will present an exciting, vibrant exhibition and series of events that reveals their curation process and celebrates the impressive artwork by young, prolific and autistic member of the Rockets; Johnny Carroll-Pell.
The exhibition coincides with World Autism Awareness week (26th March – 2nd April). It aims to provide opportunities for various communities of artists, families and organisations to connect through a celebration of art, inclusion and diversity whilst inviting us to re-consider what curation can be.
Alongside the exhibition will be an associated programme of talks, workshops, happenings and a book launch all taking place in and around the gallery. Amongst these events Henry Normal will be launching his new book about family life 'A Normal Family', local musician Tom Cook, who works with Daniel Wakefield and Beat Express will be hosting an event and there will be a talk by motivational speaker and horse whisperer Dido Fisher. With more to follow, featuring local artists, poets and writers – as well as some surprise guests.
Suitable for
- Family friendly
BRIGHTON ARTS LAB: Club Silencio presents The Private View
- 22 March 2018 7:30-11:30pm
Brighton's one and only Club Silencio takes over the Phoenix Gallery! Nightmarish B-movie trash meets queer comedy in an alternative art happening you won't want to miss!
In the spirit of the creative happenings of the sixties, Brighton Arts Lab is a new bi-monthly event, serving up performances, spoken word, workshops, film and exhibitions. Each event is themed around different aspects of creativity.
The Lab aims to be inclusive, offering opportunities for local artists and performers to collaborate through our events, and for audiences to be entertained, stimulated and challenged.
Please get in touch via our Facebook Page to suggest future themes and to let us know if you have ideas for how you might like to contribute to one of our events.
Brighton Arts Lab is in partnership with the Phoenix Gallery and is curated by Catalyst Club host, author and podcaster, David Bramwell.
Suitable for
- 18+
Open Studios 2018
- 18 May 2018 6-9pm
Over 100 artists/designers/makers under 1 roof!
Phoenix Brighton Open Studios is a unique opportunity to see what goes inside one of the largest artists' studio groups in the south East. We invite art lovers of all kinds to this event which focuses exclusively on the professional artists and makers who have studios in the building. Curators, collectors, and the 'just curious' will find something to engage and inspire them.
Phoenix Brighton
10-14 Waterloo Place
Brighton & Hove
East Sussex
01273 603 700
- About
- | Collections
- | Exhibitions
- | Events
- | Map


text:
Shares of L & L Energy LLEN, +29.23% are lower on the session by 0.06%, currently trading at $71.90. The stock has been moving largely lower over the past six weeks and is currently trading below the 50-day moving average.
Options traders are focusing on puts today. The strike seeing the heaviest action is the February 2012 $2.00 put, which has traded 2,650 times on open interest of 1,326 contracts. Small lots are also active on the name.
Put volume is outpacing call volume by 8 to 1.
L & L Energy, Inc. produces, processes and sells coal in the People's Republic of China. As of April 30, 2011, the company's vertically integrated coal operations include four coal mines, three coal washing plans, one coking facility, and a coal wholesale and distribution network in the southwest region of China.
(c) 2011 Benzinga.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published in its entirety or redistributed without the approval of Benzinga.


text:
Intelligence Agency
Public Education Research, Analysis
and Investigations
1) Fifteen NEA State Affiliates Are
"Financially Distressed." It might be hard to
understand how the National Education Association and its state affiliates -
a $1.5 billion annual enterprise - can be experiencing serious money
troubles, but there is no longer any question about it. The revelation comes
from the people most familiar with the situation - the union's own
The National Staff Organization (NSO) is
the umbrella group for the staff unions that represent employees who work
for NEA's state affiliates. Each year, NSO holds its Winter Advocacy Retreat
- also known as W.A.R. College - where NEA employees learn and strategize
about current labor issues, both internal and external. This year's
conference wrapped up last Saturday at the Hyatt Regency Miami.
In a
report to members, NSO divulged just how bad things have gotten:
Fifteen states are considered to be financially distressed
because of membership loss and their very survival is in jeopardy. And
because of financial hardship, 41 state executives are on NEA's payroll
instead of being paid by their state. Two states -
Indiana and
South Carolina - remain under an NEA trusteeship.
...Membership losses and the precarious financial position of
some states mean an estimated $12 million shortfall this year for NEA and a
projected $27 million shortfall next year. As a result, NEA is looking to
reduce 88 staff positions. Currently, 124 NEA staff are eligible to retire
and have until March 15 to take a proposed retirement incentive.
Even allowing for overstatement, these
figures put NEA in a financial bind unprecedented in its recent history.
It's important in this context to view NEA and its affiliates as private
employers who can afford large and well-compensated staffs when the teacher
force is growing and enjoying substantial pay raises, upon which union dues
are based. However, NEA is not well-adapted to budget cuts, since its own
staff unions are certain to use their considerable skills to prevent mass
layoffs or salary/benefit reductions.
It is likely that the union will utilize
internal budget-cutting measures to carry itself through the short-term,
while banking on external efforts to reverse its fortunes in the long-term.
These efforts make take the form of organizing non-union teachers, or
increased lobbying and politicking for public policies that will tend to
positively affect the union's bottom line.
Unlike the American Federation of
Teachers, NEA has always had an affiliate in every state, even though some
of them have always been dependent on NEA subsidies for survival. Even if
financially desirable, NEA could not withstand the blow to its prestige to
start shutting down affiliates. At the same time, propping up weak
affiliates is draining strong ones. Who will bail out whom is the difficult
choice NEA now faces.
2) Last Week's Intercepts.
EIA's blog,
Intercepts, covered these topics from January 31-February 6:
Other Than That, It's a Great Idea! No doubt about it.
We've got to get another hat.
NEA's 403(b) Redemption. The union wisely works to inform members about
who stands to benefit from their investment choices.
* State
Capitol Becomes Teachers' Lounge. The one market where Wal-Mart can't
"We're Not in a Position to Get More Money." The California Teachers
Association won't ask members for more money. That's the taxpayers'
Balanced Budget: California Style. Earn less. Spend more.
New York Higher Ed Disaffiliation. Too many national affiliates for SUNY
Quote of the Week.
"We have a potential crime that has gone unreported, at least to law
enforcement. There's going to be a complete and thorough investigation." -
Beau Oglesby, state's attorney for Worcester County, Maryland, commenting on
news that the Worcester County Teachers Association reported an embezzlement
of over $100,000 (almost half its annual income) to the IRS, but not to law
enforcement authorities. Local and state union officers refused to comment.
(February 2
Worcester County Times)
Copyright Education Intelligence
Agency. All rights reserved.


text:
Sweet Charity
1969, Musical
A lonely but optimistic dancer in a seedy nightclub goes in search of true love, but finds instead a succession of deceitful men who only let her down. When she meets a shy, claustrophobic man in a lift, she thinks he might be the one - but tries to keep her past a secret. Musical, starring Shirley MacLaine, John McMartin, Ricardo Montalbán and Sammy Davis Jr. and featuring songs including The Rhythm of Life and Big Spender


text:
There are very few safe spaces in our day-to-day lives where we can take down the barriers, open up our hearts and be truly honest with one another. Perhaps in the company of an intimate friend, in an unguarded moment, or with a paid professional. Certainly not with a group of complete strangers.
And yet, that's exactly what I was able to do, a few weeks back, when I was invited into a Circle of Trust.
The Circle of Trust I took part in was a day retreat aimed at mothers. I took a few hours out from my busy world and drove to the an artist's cottage on the edge of the city. Every nook and corner was filled with delightful artwork and sculptures, and the colours and light and creativity fed my soul. I met a beautiful group of women, and spent the day with them, slowing down, sharing our stories, exploring themes of motherhood, reading poetry, journalling and creating our own artwork. Although I had never met these women before, we were able to be vulnerable before one another, and give valuable gifts of attention, insight and acceptance.
The Circle of Trust approach was developed by Parker J. Palmer, and borrows heavily from Quaker practices. Each one of us has an inner journey to travel, issues to work through, burdens we carry. Most of the time, we try to do it on our own. The Circle of Trust approach recognises that we can't do it alone, that we need the company and voices of others as we do our inner work. A facilitator invites the group into a safe, creative environment to slow down and explore the thoughts, feelings and complexities that lie beneath the surface. Participants learn about the Touchstones – guidelines for offering each other a warm welcome, being fully present, listening without judgement, speaking truth in ways that respect others, observing confidentiality, being comfortable with silence, and resisting the temptation to fix, correct or advise one another.
I believe that churches can learn a great deal from the Circle of Trust approach. Rather than setting up church as a classroom or entertainment venue, we should put effort into creating spaces to listen to and love one another as we seek to follow Jesus. Seminaries should be training church leaders to facilitate, not just preach at people. As my husband and I have discovered over the past five years, there is tremendous power in reshaping the church into a circle, rather than rows, and creating transformational spaces for God's people to open up, let people in, and impact one another.


text:
Death metal bands are at a disadvantage before I hear a single note of their music. Just by the nature of what they play, it's extremely difficult for any of them to stand out from the pack. Unlike every other genre, where voices and tones vary wildly, death metal is confined to a set of standards that make everyone sound more or less the same. While that's great for fans who are immersed in the music, and can pick out those small differences and magnify them, it leaves people like me weary from listening to album after album, band after band, that all blend together.
Neaera, aside from having a name that's more difficult to spell correctly, doesn't do anything to distinguish themselves from any of the hundred other death metal bands I've had to listen to. The guitars play the same slightly fuzzy mix of chugging and tremolo picked riffs, while the vocals split the difference between the usual low growl and the higher-pitched screaming bands like Children Of Bodom made standard. There is, quite literally, nothing about Neaera to define who they are outside the confined of other bands.
That being said, none of that means what they do is bad. Groundbreaking is overrated, and plenty of bands have been less than original while still playing great music. For their part, Neaera are a solid death metal band. Their riffs lack the sharp edge Entombed or Carcass brought to the table, and the vocals aren't as memorable as Edge Of Sanity was capable of, but they do a fine job of plowing their way through an album of standard-issue death metal. The problem is that there's so much music that can be described the same way, it's not enough to be merely good.
A song like "Decolonize The Mind" has good ideas in it. There's a few interesting riffs, and a vocal that tries to play around with convention, but none of it comes together in the way a song should. Once the song is done and you try to remember what you've just heard, it's not easy to recall the details. Neaera falls into that category of music that's fine while you're listening to it, but utterly forgettable when you aren't staring at the album cover to remind you what's going on.
I don't mean to be harsh, but "Ours Is The Storm" falls victim to a problem I see with a lot of the music that comes across my desk. If you're playing music that fits snugly into a long-standing mold, you need to up the ante. Average music following a new sound is one thing, but when there are decades worth of music doing the same thing you are, breaking through the fatigue of familiarity is impossible without material of the highest order.
"Ours Is The Storm" is not an album that can live up to that kind of pressure. It's a perfectly fine death metal album, but there's no song, no moment that's going to reach out and embed itself in your mind. Everything comes and goes with professional skill, but there aren't any hooks, and the few times the band tries to push one across, it's done with the shrillest screaming vocal that is simply unpleasant to sit through. I've wondered aloud before, "if I don't want someone standing next to me to scream in my ear, why would I want a band to?"
"My Night Is Starless" answers that question. The incessant screaming makes the first try at a hook impossible to grasp, and then things slow down just a bit, the vocals fall into a more conventional growl, and the bit of melody comes together for the first time. A little bit of restraint goes a long way.
Ultimately, "Ours Is The Storm" is a death metal fan's death metal album. They will find something to enjoy, but for the rest of us who only know the classics, sitting through the whole of this will be a chore.


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Computed Tomography (CT) Systems-Medical Devices Pipeline Assessment, 2017
Publisher's Medical Devices sector report, "Computed Tomography (CT) Systems-Medical Devices Pipeline Assessment, 2017" provides an overview of Computed Tomography (CT) Systems currently in pipeline stage.
The report provides comprehensive information on the pipeline products with comparative analysis of the products at various stages of development. The report reviews major players involved in the pipeline product development. It also provides information about clinical trials in progress, which includes trial phase, trial status, trial start and end dates, and, the number of trials for the key Computed Tomography (CT) Systems pipeline products.
This report is prepared using data sourced from in-house databases, secondary and primary research by Publisher's team of industry experts.
Find More [email protected] http://www.reportsweb.com/computed-tomographysystems-medical-devices-pipeline-assessment-2017
-Note: Certain sections in the report may be removed or altered based on the availability and relevance of data in relation to the equipment type.
-Extensive coverage of the Computed Tomography (CT) Systems under development-The report reviews details of major pipeline products which includes, product description, licensing and collaboration details and other developmental activities-The report reviews the major players involved in the development of Computed Tomography (CT) Systems and list all their pipeline projects-The coverage of pipeline products based on various stages of development ranging from Early Development to Approved / Issued stage-The report provides key clinical trial data of ongoing trials specific to pipeline products-Recent developments in the segment / industry
Get Sample Copy of [email protected] http://www.reportsweb.com/inquiry&RW00011065340/sample
List of FiguresFigure 1: Computed Tomography (CT) Systems-Pipeline Products by Stage of Development 12Figure 2: Computed Tomography (CT) Systems-Pipeline Products by Segment 13Figure 3: Computed Tomography (CT) Systems-Pipeline Products by Territory 14Figure 4: Computed Tomography (CT) Systems-Pipeline Products by Regulatory Path 15Figure 5: Computed Tomography (CT) Systems-Pipeline Products by Estimated Approval Date 16
Key Companies
Arineta Ltd.Columbia UniversityCurveBeamDartmouth CollegeDuke UniversityDynatomics Ltd.FermilabFMI Technologies, Inc.GE Healthcare LLCGerman Cancer Research CenteriCAD IncImalux CorporationJohn Hopkins UniversityLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichMARS Bioimaging LtdMassachusetts General HospitalMedlumics SLNational Institutes of Health Clinical CenterPhilips HealthcarePicofemto LLCSamsung Medison Co LtdSiemens Healthcare GmbHStanford UniversityStellarray, Inc.
Buy This [email protected] http://www.reportsweb.com/buy&RW00011065340/buy/4000
The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyToshiba America Medical Systems IncToshiba Medical Systems CorporationTribogenics, Inc.University of AntwerpUniversity of CaliforniaUniversity of California Santa CruzUniversity of ChicagoUniversity of WashingtonVarian Medical Systems IncWashington University in St LouisZumatek Inc
Media ContactCompany Name: ReportsWebContact Person: Rajat SahniEmail: Send EmailPhone: +1-646-491-9876Country: IndiaWebsite: http://www.reportsweb.com/computed-tomographysystems-medical-devices-pipeline-assessment-2017


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"ZINC OXIDE CREAM works! It doesn't get rid of the cause of bumps (bedbugs, dust mites, or whatever), though it definitely stopped itching and turned red rashes to brown in 2-4 days. Thank you for your advice."
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Jay Law Plumbing & Heating are a local, family run firm based in Norbreck, North of Blackpool.
We are a true family run business with the owner, Jay Law out doing much of the work himself assisted by his long term and fully qualified staff members whilst wife Haylay takes care of all the accounting and paperwork side of the business.
As a family with 2 small children of our own we fully appreciate the devastation that loss of heating can cause and of course are fully conversant and trained to deal with any emergency situation as quickly and cleanly as possible. Rest assured that Jay Law will never leave you family home in a mess or dangerous condition, we aim to always treat your home and family with the same respect we would expect you to treat our own.
We realise its a minefield out there, and it is pretty hard for the person on the street to be sure who to choose when it comes to having a tradesman in their home. To this end, Jay Law has ensured all his staff are certified at the highest levels and has gone to great lengths to get his company certified with many well known local trade safety organisations, schemes such as Age Concern, Blackpool Care & Repair, the Safe and Secure Scheme and many more.
We Are The Plumbing, Heating and Electrical Specialists In Blackpool.
We are a small, family run business that has been established for over fourteen years. We employ only dedicated and skilled engineers, and can offer excellent finance rates from as little as only 50 pence per day, thats less than the price of a cup of coffee.
All aspects of Plumbing, Heating & Electrical work are catered for, such as:
Boiler Servicing, replacements and full Installation.
24hr Boiler breakdown repair service.
Bathroom & Kitchen Plumbing and Installation.
Bath, Toilet, Sink and Shower installation.Boiler Servicing And Repair Blackpool
Washing Machines & Waste Disposal Units.
Burst Pipes, Collapsed Drains, Blocked Drains.
Pipe Clearing, Pipe Laying, Root Removal.
Full and Part Rewires / Security Lighting.
Why not contact us today and discuss your individual plumbing, heating or electrical requirements. We are based Just north of Blackpool in Norbreck, Lancashire, but we travel daily to all local areas of the fylde, including Thornton, Poulton, Cleveleys, Bispham, Fleetwood, Lytham, St Annes, Marton, Kirkham and of course all corners of Blackpool itself.
We offer an emergency plumber call out service in Blackpool and across the fylde coast for all your water leaks, boiler breakdowns and other such emergencies.
When a leak develops in pipes or drains it can not only cause problems with your daily routine, but can of course cause serious damage to your property. When these problems occur, and you need an emergency plumber in blackpool or its surrounding areas, our 24hr call emergency out service is just what you need.
We can provide you an immediate emergency plumber and will send a fully equipped engineer to your premises with all the necessary tools and know how to ensure the problem is eradicated there and then.
We accept all payment methods such as debit and credit cards which makes life easier for housebound customers and off site owners.
Additional Information
Manufacturers Accreditations:
Jay Law values safety, training and professionalism above all else. To this end, he is fully qualified in all aspects of the trade and has been trained to the highest levels on many manufacturers courses to ensure he is fully conversant with the types of boilers he needs to repair or install.
Product and Services
Boiler Servicing, replacements and full Installation ,24hr Boiler breakdown repair service, Bathroom & Kitchen Plumbing and Installation, Bath, Toilet, Sink and Shower installation.Boiler Servicing And Repair Blackpool, Washing Machines & Waste Disposal Units, Burst Pipes, Collapsed Drains, Blocked Drains, Pipe Clearing, Pipe Laying, Root Removal, Full and Part Rewires / Security Lighting.
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Jay Law LTD Plumbing & Heating


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Apophysis // Photoshop ..
spring colourful soft softness swing apophysis abstract abstraction feeling happyness digiart decor decorative
Love this one Benedikt
thank you so much, chris. really glad you like it – it's one of my favs too! :o) ♥
thank you so much, robin, for your comment(s) and all your support!!! :o) ♥
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Ponche Navideño (Christmas Punch)
If you like it, save it!
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Click the heart, it's called favoriting. Favorite the stuff you like.Got it!
Author Notes: Ponche Navideño is *the* traditional Mexican Christmas punch. Made with a big variety of fruits and seasonings, its taste is robustly spicy and seductively sweet. Created without alcohol, it's often served with a *piquete*--a little 'sting' of your favorite liquor. Rum, tequila, and brandy are the three most-used. Most ingredients are easily available outside Mexico, and a Latin-focused market is the best place to shop for certain items: sugar cane should be simple to find, but if you can't find *tejocotes*, substitute peeled apples. —MexicoCooks!
Serves 10 to 15
- 8-10 quarts water
- 8 to 10 tejocotes OR 3 peeled Granny Smith apples, cut into chunks
- 6 guavas, halved
- 2 pounds sugar cane, peeled and cut into 1" chunks
- 1/2 pound prunes without pits
- 2 Bosc pears, peeled and cut into chunks
- 4 oranges, sliced in thin rounds
- 1/4 pound seedless raisins
- 2 quarts hot water (separate use for tejocotes)
- 1 1/2 teaspoons whole cloves
- 2 Mexican cinnamon sticks
- 2 pounds piloncillo (Mexican brown sugar cones)
- 2 quarts water, separate use for tejocotes
- If you are using tejocotes, soak them for about an hour in hot water. Drain. Peel them and cut them in quarters, removing the seeds. If you are not using tejocotes, ignore this step.
- In a large pot, bring 8 to 10 quarts of water to a full rolling boil. Reduce the heat to simmer. Add all ingredients. Simmer for approximately 1.5 hours. Serve with plenty of fruit in each mug. Add a shot of rum, tequila, or brandy to each serving, if desired.
- This recipe was entered in the contest for Your Best Holiday Punch


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The Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport Blanc Noir edition is currently on display in California.
Apparently created for a high-end clothier, the Veyron Blanc Noir appears to be a one-off (like the Pegaso) rather than a limited-production run (like the Fbg par Hermes). Based on the targa-roofed Grand Sport, the Black Noir edition – spotted in California – is all done up, as the name suggests, in black and white: a matte white body with glossy black hood, wheels, spoiler, fuel filler cap and more.
Related news: GermanCarBlog, P4MR, Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport Blanc Noir
Source: Autoblog


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A recycled blog is just the thing for a… gulp… Tuesday! First published at One Generation To Another, February 12, 2008.
I'm not a fan of Tuesdays…never have been…never will be. To me Tuesdays are like having something wedged between two teeth. It serves no purpose and is exceedingly annoying. Tuesdays are too far away from the coming weekend to start getting excited, and they're too far removed from the past weekend to provide comfort. The effects of the "weekend massage" (you know, the restful, change of pace from the work week feeling you get) have worn off and you can feel your muscles tensing. Let's just say I lack motivation on Tuesdays and no where is that more apparent than when I think about cooking dinner. Frankly, I think the world should go out to dinner on Tuesdays…let someone else worry about this often thankless mundane chore! (BTW…this is usually the only day of the week when you'll hear me make a comment like that. For the most part I thoroughly enjoy cooking!) But Tuesdays…well, they suck the life right out of me. Even pleasurable tasks can be overwhelming.
Having said all that, let's make the assumption that logistically speaking, not everyone can go out to dinner on Tuesdays…think of the lines…think of the shortages of chicken fajitas! Then, accept the fact that people still need to eat whether you feel like cooking or not and chances are your family is in the same Tuesday funk you're in, and could benefit from a plate of comfort food. Let's also assume you only order pizza on Friday nights…not sure if it's a local or national ordinance; at the very least I consider it a moral imperative! So, the enigma…how do you get a soothing meal prepared for your family with little effort? Answer…fast foods. I don't mean burgers 'n fries from the golden arches, but rather foods that don't take long to prepare, but are satisfying and become "welcomed friends" to the entire family. These are the foods you can make every week and no one complains!
I think that through divine intervention or sheer happenstance, everyone stumbles upon that one meal they can make with their eyes closed, yet appreciated by the whole family. THESE RECIPES ARE WORTH THEIR WEIGHT IN GOLD! The meals won't win any prizes for the most creative use of an artichoke or couscous, and they certainly won't impress anyone with a sophisticated palate, BUT, for the average family, they are delicious, satisfying and comforting. (Okay, they are not JUST Tuesday meals…good is good anytime…but they are life savers when you're lacking drive and inspiration.)
My mom was, actually still is, a wonderful cook. Her recipes ranged from the painfully simple…like her tuna variation of S.O.S. (A colorful military abbreviation for Sh*t On a Shingle…or for the civilian, chipped beef on toast!) to elaborate gourmet meals. (See my Sweater Flambe blog for her wonderful Beef Bourguignonne recipe.) But, with the exception of Saturday nights, when dinner was usually sandwiches and/or canned soup, she made a warm meal every night. Some dishes took her all day to prepare…like her killer spaghetti sauce…to dinners with prep times of less than half an hour. (BTW…not everyone's idea of "easy" is the same. But that doesn't really matter, does it? We're talking about surviving Tuesdays…so if it works for you and easy means heating up a pot pie…great!) One of my favorite "quick" recipes Mom made was Easy Lasagna. She could throw it together at any time during the day, and pop it in the oven half an hour before dinner. She found the recipe in a magazine around 1956 and it's been a favorite with our family since then!
1 pound ground beef
1 medium onion, chopped (about 1/2 cup)
2 cans (8 ounces each) tomato sauce
1 1/2 tablespoons sugar
1/2 teaspoon salt
1/4 teaspoon garlic salt
1/4 teaspoon pepper
4 cups uncooked medium noodles
1 cup cream style cottage cheese
1 8 ounce package cream cheese, softened
1/4 cup sour cream
1/4 cup shredded parmesan or mozzarella cheese
In a heavy skillet, brown ground beef along with chopped onions. Stir in the tomato sauce, sugar, salt, garlic salt and pepper. Remove from heat. Meanwhile, cook the noodles. Drain. Combine cottage cheese, cream cheese, and sour cream. Spread half the noodles in an 11 x 7 x 1 1/2" baking dish. Top with a little meat sauce, cover with cheese mixture. Add remaining noodles and remaining meat sauce. Sprinkle with the parmesan cheese. Bake at 350 for 30 minutes or until thoroughly heated. Serves 6.
I stumbled upon my "golden recipe" early in my married life. It came from a Betty Crocker cookbook. It was quick, easy and enjoyed by everyone in the family. Like all easy recipes, if time permits, you can muck about with them to enhance them…I know my daughter has made some changes to this "basic" recipe…but left as is, they stand on their own. While my kids were growing up, we usually had this dinner once a week. I never heard, "Oh no, not again!" I would say that makes it rather priceless!
1 pound ground beef
1 medium onion, chopped (about 1/2 cup)
1/4 cup butter or margarine
2 tablespoons flour
1 teaspoon salt
1 teaspoon garlic salt or 1 clove garlic, minced
1/4 teaspoon pepper
1 can (8 ounces) mushroom stems and pieces, drained
1 can (10 1/2 ounces) condensed cream of mushroom soup
1 cup sour cream
2 cups hot cooked noodles
Snipped parsley (or dried)
In large skillet, cook and stir ground beef and onion in butter until onion is tender. Stir in flour, salt, garlic salt, pepper and mushrooms; cook 5 minutes, stirring constantly. Remove from heat.
Stir in soup; simmer uncovered 10 minutes. Stir in sour cream; heat through. Serve over noodles. Sprinkle with snipped parsley. Serves 4 – 6.
So, there you have it…my answer to Tuesdays! No, I have no secret formula for abolishing Tuesdays altogether, not sure I'd want that responsibility anyway. Think of the global cost of switching over to a 6 day a week calendar, and I'm sure there would be some serious Biblical implications, too! (Wonder what God actually created on that first Tuesday. I'm guessing it was something simple!) Anyway…Tuesdays are here to stay! So, hunker in, batten down the hatches, circle the wagons, and get ready to take on 52 Tuesdays a year. A tried and true recipe just might make them a little more palatable! (BTW…As Tim was proofing this his comment was, "I thought everyone had trouble with Wednesdays. That's why they're referred to as "The hump." My reply, "One man's Tuesday is another man's Wednesday!" Personally, the optimist in me feels good about Wednesdays…they have a round, cheery feeling…and it is permissible, without being delusional, to start thinking about the weekend. But, hey, it doesn't matter if our challenging day is a Tuesday, Wednesday or Thursday, they're weekly, and survival is the key!)
How do you "culinaryly" cope with Tuesdays? Do you have a "golden" recipe you'd like to share? Let's face it, some weeks feel like every night is Tuesday! Best to be prepared with a collection of "simple" meals! Just one more little note on Tuesdays…I seldom make enough food for one meal. Anything that freezes well, I double. So, when even "Easy Lasagna" seems too draining on a Tuesday, just defrost a meal, and, well, everyone is feed, Easy Peasy!


text: We all love happy kids, don't we? This weekend, if you have the chance to shop at the fantastic, local bookstore, Mrs. Dalloway's, Crocker will receive 20% back on your purchases. You can shop in store or online. All you have to do is save your receipts or confirmation emails and give the to Ms. Lisa in the library by Friday, 11/21. Easy, right? You can even buy gift certificates!


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Has there been some sort of change with the stats feature in the last three or four weeks or so? While my stats have suddenly dropped, what concerns me more is that practically all of the referrers have disappeared. There's usually at least 15 or 20 different referrers, but it's been only two (the same two) for the last few weeks. And certain referrers that always appear, like Twitter and Facebook, haven't displayed in weeks but I know for sure there were visits from them. I did notice a few weeks ago that new widgets showed up on my site that I hadn't added, so I thought perhaps maybe something new may have impacted the stats as well??
The blog I need help with is libertychick.com.


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The Champions League continues this evening with Leicester looking to emulate Arsenal and guarantee a place in the last 16. When you bet on the midweek action at 32Red Sport we'll give you a £10 free bet...
Simply place four bets of £10 or more (odds of Evs or greater) through your mobile or tablet on tonight's Champions League fixtures and we'll give you a £10 free bet to use on Thursday's Europa League.
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- To qualify for this promotion players must first Opt in.
- This offer is available to customers invited by email who place four single £10+ Champions League bets at odds of Evs or greater through their Mobile or Tablet.
- Bets placed on a selection that is made void or cashed-in do not count towards claiming the free bet.
- Offer applies to bets placed from 16:00 (GMT) on Wednesday 2nd November to 21:30 (GMT) 2nd November.
- Free Bet will be credited upon settlement of their 4 qualifying bets and can be used to place a bet on any Europa League match through your mobile/tablet.
- This promotion is strictly limited to one £10 free bet per household even if there is more than one computer retained at the address.
- Unused free bets will expire at 23:00 (GMT) on Thursday 3rd November and will not be re-credited.
- 32Red may, at their sole discretion, limit the eligibility of customers to participate in this promotion, for any reason whatsoever without notice to the end users.
- 32Red may, at their sole discretion, change the terms and conditions for any reason whatsoever without notice to the end users. No correspondence will be entered into. 32Red's decision will be considered final in the event of a dispute.
Last updated: 2nd November 2016, 15:21 GMT+1


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Pa. natural gas production increased in 2015
Pennsylvania is the second largest supplier of natural gas in the nation, producing enough natural gas to power more than 62 million U.S. households annually.
Ohio's producing wells as of June 25, 2016
Carroll County is still in the lead with the most producing shale wells.
Ohio issued only 13 drilling permits in June
Utica shale drilling permits continue to stall, as Ohio issued only 13 permits to drill in June 2016. Carroll County currently has 425 producing horizontal wells, the most of any Ohio county.
Yale University studies fracking in Barnesville
A Yale University research team will be stationed in Barnesville, Ohio, as they study the effects of fracturing fluids and waste on residential water and air quality.
Ohio State to study pipelines' impact on farmland
A study of how natural gas pipeline installations affect Ohio farmland productivity will begin this fall.
Shale researchers release handbook and state policy report card
Two new documents that deal with shale drilling in Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia have been released, giving local lessons based on case studies and grading the states on nine fiscal, social and economic policies related to fracking.
Webinar looks at natural gas from shale formations
Developing ways to get natural gas to Pennsylvania industries will be the topic of a web-based seminar offered by Penn State Extension on July 21, 2016.
Ohio's first quarter shale oil and gas production increased
Ohio's first quarter shale oil production increased 24% from a year ago, and 1Q gas production jumped 80% from 2015.
Utica and Marcellus shale: May permitting slows again
In Pennsylvania, Greene and Washington Counties led the state with the largest number of permits issued by the Department of Environmental Protection.
Speak up: Landowners near Wayne National Forest urged to talk
Landowners bordering or near the Wayne National Forest in southeastern Ohio are battling for the right to lease their land and in return develop their mineral rights.