text:
Young People and Children's Programs
ASYG (All Saints' Youth Group)
Our Youth Group Program is offered for young people in Jr. High and older. This program meets 2 Sunday evenings per month from 3:30-7:30pm as well as for special programs. During the year a variety of special events are planned for and by our young people. Take a look at our calendar for upcoming ASYG dates and email Hilary Waldron for more information.
Confirmation Preparation
Confirmation preparation is offered for anyone 13 or older. The overall goals of the confirmation process are to equip the students to make a mature public affirmation of their faith and commitment to the responsibilities of their baptism and to prepare them to participate fully in the life of the church. Anyone interested in becoming confirmed should contact our Rector, Bonnie Perry to get more information.
Children's Outreach Projects
All Saints' Church School organizes or encourages children to participate in a variety of projects to benefit others. Our children often participate with their families in the Food Pantry and Community Kitchen. Each fifth Tuesday we hold a Family Night at the Food Pantry and Community Kitchen. Parents and children are invited to join us to help serve up a delicious meal. The menu will be designed with tasks perfect for little hands (ages five and up with adult supervision, of course) – it's a guaranteed fun time! Contact our Associate Rector Emily Williams Guffey to express your interest in participating. The next Family Nights will be on:
November 29, 2016
January 31, 2017
May 30, 2017
August 29, 2017
In the spring children plant a vegetable garden with the goal of providing the Community Kitchen with fresh produce during the summer. Other activities include children in the Youth Group and the 9 to 12 group organizing a "Family Fright Fest" for Day of the Dead to help support All Saints' outreach programs and the Youth Group-led, incredibly successful annual "Bake Auction" fundraiser that benefits Africa ministries.
Christmas Pageant
The children are the stars of All Saints' slightly non-traditional version of the Christmas story, known in some households as "The Donkey (and Jesus)." This pageant experience allows our children to share with the congregation some of the joy they have in their relationship with God. While adults take supporting roles, our children portray the main characters of the story. This encourages them to spend time thinking about the Biblical traditions. Children don't have to participate in the church school program to take part in the pageants. Often being in the pageant helps children get started with their involvement prior to joining a church school class or stay connected to the church when they have outgrown church school. A strong tradition has begun; as we now watch children "grow into" roles that they watched someone else do in years past. The 2016 Christmas Pageant will be on Sunday, December 18, at the 9am and 11am services. Rehearsals begin on Sunday, December 4. Contact Polly Tangora Coordinator for Youth and Children's Formation, for more information.


text:
The Iraqi Vote
The Iraqi Vote
Vahal is following the IRAQI VOTE.. Counting down to the election day, 11 days left..
Let's count with him!
The Iraqi Vote
Learning how to count might help.
As of Sunday -- the date of the blog entry -- there were only eleven days left before the December 15 election.
Today there are only ten, as it nears toward Tuesday in Iraq.
Hey does anyone know what happened to Ladybird?
She on vacation or what?
Madtom, I heard she defected to America and married a Jewish banker. I could be wrong though.
Web logs invaded the Internet around the same time as the American-led coalition invaded Iraq, so it is fitting that some of the most insightful commentary on the war has come from Iraqi citizens - students, professionals, homemakers, soldiers, former Baathists and others - on their personal sites. The Op-Ed page [New York Times] asked several young Iraqi bloggers to write about their experiences during the parliamentary voting on Thursday - and to share their thoughts about what the election will mean for their country's future.
Blogging the Vote in Iraq

subset: commoncrawl


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This year Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A turns 50, and to celebrate the Italian manufacturer of supercars has a number of major events planned and has already unveiled its Veneno, which at its unveiling was billed as a tribute to the 50th anniversary of the brand.
In the past, Lamborghini has celebrated such milestones with the unveiling of special models, such as the previous 25th anniversary Countach and 40th anniversary Murcielago.
However, these were never limited to just a handful of models like the Veneno, of which only three examples will be built in addition to the prototype already shown.
It turns out Lamborghini has been busy working on another 50th anniversary special, which has been revealed today as the Aventador LP 720-4 50 Anniversario Edition.
The car will make its world debut at the 2013 Shanghai Auto Show in China this weekend and will be built in a limited run of 100 examples.
As its name suggests, the Aventador's 6.5-liter V-12 has been uprated to 720 metric horsepower (710 horses by American standards) and drive is still sent to all four wheels.
Lambo fans may have been hoping for more power, but this is not the philosophy of the company. Having already realized massive weight loss gains through the extensive use of carbon fiber in the Aventador chassis, the Aventador LP 720-4 50 Anniversario Edition takes things one step further with enhanced aerodynamics.
The crazy bodywork you see at both ends of the car is completely functional and is said to yield an impressive 50 percent increase in aerodynamic efficiency.
There are also plenty of cosmetic touches such as the unique wheels, 50th anniversary logos and a new paint scheme dubbed Giallo Maggio, which is Italian for "Yellow May." May, of course, is the month in which Lamborghini the company was incorporated back in 1963.
Stay tuned for more details once the 2013 Shanghai Auto Show gets underway in just a couple of days. You can access our ongoing coverage of the event here.
In the meantime, enjoy this video that looks back over the company's past 50 years.
(c) 2013, High Gear Media.


text: In article <email@example.com>, Lindgren, Jon <email@example.com> wrote: >So my stinkpad is starting to really stink. It's basically busted, and I no >longer have confidence in it being a reliable unit. > >So I'm thinking about upgrading. > >Anybody have any recommendations for a laptop with a high res screen? I'm >looking for something over 1400x1050 - preferably 1920x1080 or 1920x1200 or >such - something with more screen realestate than my apartment. > >The only ones I've seen out there are Dell (IDK about Dell - anybody have >any comments on their quality?) and Voodoos. > >Any other ideas? I have the Inspiron 9200 [1920x1200]. - The screen is huge, but a bit snowy for my taste. I am just being too picky. - It is a heavy and big laptop, I would not think of carrying it around. - The power supply is very big and takes a non-standard power cord that requires ground. - The dell wifi drivers are flaky, but most of the time they will work in windows/xp if I choose the repair option. I have a NetBSD box libretto sitting next to the inspiron 9200 windows/xp box and the xp box keeps losing contact with the wireless, while the NetBSD box is solid. I don't regret buying it. I knew of all the above before I got it, and for the price you can't beat it. christos


text:
|My curiosity is my creativity on the way to discovery.
– "Why" on QuartzRate it:
|My darkness has been filled with the light of intelligence, and behold, the outer day-lit world was stumbling and groping in social blindness.
– Helen KellerRate it:
|My darling, we are about to depart on our first long journey in a long time.
– Ilse Luise Ledermann-CitroenRate it:
|My dear and old country, here we are once again together faced with a heavy trial.
– Charles De GaulleRate it:
|My dear grandmother, we enjoy ourselves so much on our beloved Standart. Every day we go ashore with papa. Maria, Anastasia, and Aleksei go spearately. Olga and I go with papa, as papa walks a great deal, and Aleksei and the boys march up and down by the shore.
– Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of RussiaRate it:
|My defenses were so great. The cocky rock and roll hero who knows all the answers was actually a terrified guy who didn't know how to cry. Simple.
– John LennonRate it:
|My definition of a free society is a society where it is safe to be unpopular.
– Adlai E. Jr. StevensonRate it:
|My definition of an expert in any field is a person who knows enough about what's really going to be scared.
– P. J. PlaugerRate it:
|My design is organic, I don't control architecture, I grow it
– Marco CasagrandeRate it:
|My doctor gave me two weeks to live. I hope they're in August.
– Ronnie ShakesRate it:
|My doctor says that I have a malformed public-duty gland and a natural deficiency in moral fibre, and that I am therefor excused from saving Universes.
– Douglas Adams, Ford Prefect in "Life, the Universe, and Everything"Rate it:
|My doctor says that I have a malformed public-duty gland and a natural deficiency in moral fibre, and that I am therefore excused from saving Universes.
– Douglas Noel AdamsRate it:
|My doctor told me to stop having intimate dinners for four unless there are three other people.
– Orson WellesRate it:
|My doctor told me to stop having intimate dinners for four. Unless there are three other people.
– Orson WellesRate it:
|My dog is worried about the economy because Alpo is up to 99 cents a can. That's almost 7.00 in dog money.
– Joe WeinsteinRate it:
|My dreams were all my own; I accounted them to nobody; They were my refuge when annoyed - my dearest pleasure when free.
– Mary ShelleyRate it:
|My early and invincible love of reading I would not exchange for all the riches of India.
– Edward GibbonRate it:
|My easy tip on how to become a Good Leader: Watch all the Bad Leaders around, and don't do what they do. It's as simple as that. I always do that. There are lots of bad leaders around, always, no matter where you come from, and when you are reading this. Good Leader is always a scaece commodity, and surely you can strive to be the one.....in my view, there is definitely less competition to become a Good Leader, so join the queue right away. Good Luck!
– Deodatta V. Shenai-KhatkhateRate it:
|My empty waterdish mocks me.
– Bob the DogRate it:
|My esoteric doctrine, is that if you entertain any doubt, it is safest to take the unpopular side in the first instance. Transit from the unpopular, is easy... but from the popular to the unpopular is so steep and rugged that it is impossible to maintain it.
– William Lamb, 2nd Viscount MelbourneRate it:
|My evening visitors, if they cannot see the clock, should find the time in my face.
– Ralph Waldo EmersonRate it:
|My ex-wife thought that the grass was greener on the other side . . . so now she's mowing someone else's lawn.
– Tom ZeganRate it:
|My experience through life has convinced me that, while moderation and temperance in all things are commendable and beneficial, abstinence from spirituous liquors is the best safeguard of morals and health.
– Robert E. LeeRate it:
|My eyes are an ocean in which my dreams are reflected.
– Anna M. UhlichRate it:
|My faith in humanity leads me to believe that people are looking for something more elevating than the sordid details of the intimate aspects of one's personal life.
– Ginger RogersRate it:


text:
PORTLAND – Defenseman Megan Fortier could not be contained and goalie Kirsten Mazur was on her game Wednesday as Falmouth beat York 4-0 in the girls' hockey Western regional final at the Portland Ice Arena.
Top-seeded Falmouth (19-1) moved on to the state final against Greely at 7 p.m. Saturday at Lewiston.
York (13-4-3) was the defending West champion.
Fortier led Falmouth with three goals. Jayde Bazinet added a goal and an assist.
The Wildcats played a tight defense, especially against Fortier, but one of the results was seven penalties against York, five committed against Fortier.
The Yachtsmen converted two of those power plays.
Throughout the game, Fortier and Falmouth kept attacking.
"We talked about it before the game, about not getting frustrated," Fortier said of York's special defense. "The whole team kept our composure."
On the other end of the ice, York was outshooting Falmouth, 20-19.
"We just couldn't put it in the net," York defenseman Julia Hird said. "But I thought we played a good game, a team effort. Just didn't go our way."
York kept the shots coming but Mazur, a 5-foot sophomore in her first year as a starter, stayed in position.
"She did a great job," defenseman Monica Aaskov said. "She doesn't fill up a lot of the net but she does well."
Mazur stopped a break-away early. Then Fortier gave Falmouth a 1-0 lead at 7:29 of the first period, driving to the left circle and roofing a shot. Abby Payson assisted.
Falmouth made it 2-0 on its second power play, with Bazinet stuffing in a goal at 12:23. Maddy McConnell and Lucy Meyer assisted.
"We came out fast and set the tone early," Fortier said.
Fortier's power-play goal in the second period made it 3-0 (assists by Aaskov and Gabby St. Angelo).
Fortier completed the hat trick in the third period, rebounding her own shot at 13:41. Samantha Welch and Bazinet had the assists.
York's defense often focuses on an opponent's top player, which meant a shadow on Fortier the whole game.
"That was our strategy going in," Hird said. "We've done well with it in the past."
Falmouth Coach Rob Carrier didn't want his team doing anything different against the Wildcats.
"We talked about not getting out of our element," he said. "Just being disciplined was the key to our success."
Other keys included Fortier, Mazur and a defensive effort that stymied York.
"We were pretty much working on getting their good scorers to skate to the outside," Carrier said. "We really wanted to contest their shots.
"Now we have one more."
Falmouth defeated Greely twice in the regular season, both by 4-1 scores, the last one on Jan. 30.
Staff Writer Kevin Thomas can be reached at 791-6411 or:
Twitter: KevinThomasPPH


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Sarah Hutts
Health Editor
you feel good?
Go on...speak the truth. Are you one of
those men or women who can confidently face up to the mirror
every morning?
Not all of us do. You can only feel good
if you are confident. And confidence can only ooze from within
yourself if you feel mentally alert, socially aware and physically
Learn beauty tips, fitness secrets and
confidence training from our fabulous bunch of beauty and fitness
experts as they write and share with you their ultimate hollywood
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fitness and confidence articles written
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or other qualified health provider with any questions you may
have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional
advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read.
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text:
Stay connected to Seminole State through the Alumni Association.
The Alumni Leadership Team promotes the relationship between alumni and the Alumni Association. They support the team's programs while striving to increase alumni participation through social and networking events.
Members of the Alumni Leadership Team serve as ambassadors of Seminole State College. They help the Foundation staff evaluate programs to look for development or funding opportunities. They also serve as liaisons between the Alumni Association and the College. Members volunteer in the at College events, plan networking and social events, create awareness in the community and encourage alumni to volunteer and join the association!
2016-17 Alumni Leadership Team
|Harry Ellis, Chair
|Larry Campbell, Vice Chair
|Amber Clore, Outreach Chair
|Billy B. Williamson, Marketing Chair
|Kara C.H. Coangelo
|Andrew Grindle
|Shannon Conner
|Jo Lucarelli
|Travis Delk
|David Moradian
|Eden Donahou
|Josh Murdock
The Alumni Leadership Team consists of Seminole State College staff and community members. They meet meet for one hour every month on one of the four Seminole State campuses.
If you are interested in donating your time and talent to the Leadership Team, let us know! We are always looking for Leadership Team and event/volunteer committee members! To apply for the Leadership Team, download and fill out the application.
For more information about the Alumni Association, please email the Alumni Association or call 407.708.4567.
Seminole State College
100 Weldon Boulevard
Sanford, Florida 32773-6199


text:
Affluent Lifestyle Guide
The famed Fairmont brand operates and manages scores of luxury hotels and resorts around the world, including some truly iconic properties. One of its top-drawer assets is the Fairmont Monte Carlo, a lavish resort located in the heart of the Principality that recently unveiled a $65 million renovation scheme.... Read More
This weekend, many of us will be celebrating Easter, some staying home to cook big meals for family and friends, and others opting to use the holiday as an excuse to travel. If you're part of the latter group and are still looking for a place to enjoy brunch on Sunday, April 20, check out the menu offerings at these six hotels in some of our favorite cities. ... Read More
If Sir Paul McCartney chooses your property for his wedding venue, then it can be assumed that place is probably something pretty special. As guessed, Castle Leslie located in north-central Ireland, definitely is, especially due to its epic 500-year-old history of esoteric family characters inhabiting its walls.... Read More
Tropical themes are common on Maui; rich koa woods, fragrant blossoming trees, and the soft melodies of the ukulele play on several properties throughout the island. While thatched roof accents and Hawaiian décor can be found everywhere, a departure from the normative island resort can be discovered at The Fairmont Kea Lani.... Read More


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The organization calls itself Citizens for Economic and National Security, but it isn't very national. It's spending money to warp just one congressional campaign in the nation: The congressional contest between incumbent Republican Dan Lungren and Democratic challenger Ami Bera in California's 3rd district.
If Citizens for Economic and National Security is really made up of "citizens", in the plural, it isn't telling who those citizens are. Only one person's name is associated in public records for the group: Kelly Lawler, who is serving as the Treasurer of the group.
Kelly Lawler works for the Bovee Company, a fundraising firm in Willow, California. Her clients have included Assemblyman Ted Gaines, Assemblyman Dan Logue, and Assemblyman Cameron Smyth in the California State Government.
Lawler is a campaign finance mercenary, working to move money around to benefit politicians. Now, someone has hired Lawler to file the papers to set up Citizens for Economic and National Security. The question remains: Who hired Kelly Lawler to create Citizens for Economic and National Security?
I can't tell you. That information is being hidden from the public.
Just who is providing the money to Citizens for Economic and National Security to spend on influencing the congressional election in California's 3rd district? In the official registration form for Citizens for Economic and National Security "it will accept contributions of any amount".
Who did Citizens for Economic and National Security take money from? They took it from big corporations, like Pacific Coast Companies, the parent company of Epic Plastics, Inc., and powerful corporate executives like Greg Geiser, President of the Wedgewood Enterprise Corporation.
This much is clear: Citizens for Economic and National Security is not a genuine activist organization. It has no known offices. Its mailing address is a post office box. The telephone number provided to the Federal Election Commision for the organization is just a telephone number at the Bovee Company.
Citizens for Economic and National Security is a front organization for corporations and the executives and elitist investors who profit from them. Citizens for Economic and National Security has made it its business to destroy the political career of Dr. Ami Bera.
Why? Dr. Ami Bera seeks to promote policies that would help working Americans instead of catering to corporate special needs.
Ami Bera would protect the coast of California from a disaster like the explosion and oil spill from the Deepwater Horizon. Bera is a strong opponent of dangerous offshore drilling, stating, "The potential benefits of offshore drilling are easily outweighed by the profound risks posed to our oceans and coastal economies. In Congress, I will fight for more promising energy solutions that can move us further and faster towards our goals of environmental sustainability, economic prosperity and national security. I will also support greater oversight and regulation to ensure existing operations are held to the highest standards of safety and accountability."
Ami Bera supports efforts to make health care affordable and accessible to all Americans, even when that means trouble for the big pharmaceutical and insurance companies. Bera explains, "It is possible to build upon a Medicare-like delivery system that would offer every American a baseline policy, which could then be extended into richer coverage if an individual or employer so desires. This is premised upon the private sector delivering care, with the government contracting out providers and holding these providers accountable for quality, cost-effectiveness, and equity of care. Within this system, patients would be able to pick their health insurance and doctor – and keep the ones they currently have if they choose. Health care costs would be reined in through greater competition and accountability, and insurance companies would be prohibited from denying care based on preexisting conditions. "
It isn't just the corporate representatives of Citizens for Economic and National Security that are coming after Ami Bera. Billionaires against Bera are also funneling their money through the secretive channel of "American Crossroads", an organization run by former lobbyist and Bush-era insider Karl Rove. Explains Bera's campaign, "American Crossroads is funded and operated almost exclusively by Wall Street special interests, corporate lobbyists, and Big Oil executives — including a former Enron lobbyist, the owner of the financial investment giant AIG, and the manager of one of the world's largest hedge funds. As of June, 97% of the money American Crossroads raised came from four billionaires, including two oil and gas billionaires."
It's telling that corporate executives who have made huge profits from defrauding the American people are now coming after Ami Bera. They think that they can buy the U.S. Congress.
The voters of California's 3rd congressional district have the right to prove them wrong.


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On Monday's RAW, we saw WWE air two vignettes hyping something big for 2/21/11 – the day after WWE Elimination Chamber. It now appears that WWE may have inadvertently given away the surprise of what 2/21/11 means.
The 2/21/11 edition of WWE RAW takes place from the Save Mart Center in Fresno, California. The Save Mart Center website has posted their preview for the event – hyping "The Return of The Undertaker." A video hyping the Undertaker's return has been posted on the arena website, which we would have embedded below, but it has since been taken down. Still, though, we have a screen capture of the date that appeared in the vignette, which you may view by clicking here at WrestleHeat.com.
While it's still possible that the 2/21/11 videos that aired on RAW are for another return/debut scheduled for the same night, the arena website may have just spoiled a big WWE angle.


text:
Elementary Fanfic
"Joan! Joan look what I found" Sherlock's excited voice yelled from the living room.
Joan rolled her eyes and marched in. "Sherlock what-!" She began but was interrupted by Sherlock leaping up from the floor, something held in his hans. "Joan! Look" He repeated.
Joan looked down at Sherlock's hands to see a small kitten, curled up in the palm of Sherlock's callused hands. "Sherlock! Where did you find it?" Joan exclaimed.
"She, Joan! She's a girl kitten" Sherlock explained.
"And what is she wearing?" She continued in astonishment. Sherlock moved his fingers slightly and Joan saw that the kitten was wearing a tiny, adorable, bee outfit.
"She's a bee, Joan!" Sherlock yelled.
Joan rolled her eyes at his excitement. "What's her name?" She asked, laughing.
"I called her Joanie!" He replied excitedly. "Can I keep her?"
Joan smiled "Yes, Sherlock, you can keep her" She laughed.


text:
Learn About Genital Herpes - Your Guide To Manage Herpes In Your Life
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Herpes Transmission Oral Article
This is a selection made from among articles on Herpes Transmission Oral. For a permanent link to this article, or to bookmark it for future reading, click here.
HERPES: What To Do If Your Potential Partner Has "The Talk" Withfrom: You
You�ve met this great guy. Things are going very well, in fact,
you think tonight�s date may be �the date�. Actually, your guy
thinks the same thing. He feels you�re special and wants to take
things to the next level.
Date night arrives. You spend a romantic evening together over
dinner and he offers to continue the evening over at his place.
Silently you think, �Yes! This is it!� But first, he says, he
would like to tell you something. He gently informs you that he
has genital herpes. Trying to remain calm, because you�ve only
�heard of� herpes, but know very little about it, you say, �oh�,
followed by dead silence.
Many people have often been in the situation described above.
You�ve heard of herpes, but you don�t really know what it is or
how concerned you should be. You ask yourself, �Do I need to be
worried?� �If we use a condom, will every thing be OK?� These
questions, and many others like them, are essential to ask.
What Is Genital Herpes?
Genital herpes is caused by HSV-2 and infects about 50 million
Americans over age 20. HSV-2 is a viral STD (sexually
transmitted disease). There are two types of herpes, HSV-1
(herpes simplex virus 1) and HSV-2 (herpes simplex virus 2). It
is possible to contract both varieties in the genital region,
although HSV-2 is the viral infection most commonly referred to
as �genital herpes�. HSV-1 is known is better known as a �cold
sore�. Because herpes is viral, this means that it never leaves
your body. Typically, first outbreaks are more painful and last
longer than subsequent outbreaks, which tend to be shorter in
duration and longer in length between outbreaks. But the
potential for a future outbreak remains constant.
How Do I Get Genital Herpes?
Genital herpes is primarily spread through sexual contact with
person who is experiencing an outbreak. However, through a
process called �viral shedding�, it is possible to contract the
virus through sexual contact, from someone who is not showing
any signs of an outbreak. Often times, when a person has an
active lesion (sore), it will not be painful and the carrier may
not know they are having an outbreak or even that they are
infected. Using a condom is not a �guarantee� against becoming
infected, although it does lower the transmission risk.
How Can I Tell If I Have Genital Herpes?
If you notice that you have a lesion in the genital area (either
painful or non-painful), you should see a doctor. The doctor
will lightly scrape the lesion for cells and have them tested at
a lab for the presence of the virus. This is surest method of
detection. Without the presence of a lesion, you can also take a
blood test designed to detect the virus, however, these tests
are not 100% accurate.
What Should I Do If Someone I�m Dating Tells Me They Have
Genital Herpes?
This is a highly individual answer. You need to do several
things if you are informed by your potential partner that they
have genital herpes. First of all, thank them. Regardless of
your decision whether or not to continue the relationship, it
took a lot of courage to tell you up front. Chances are they�re
giving you a choice that they may not have been given
themselves. Second, get as informed as you can. Talk to your
doctor, do research online, or buy a book on the subject. You
need as many informational and medical resources as it takes to
make you feel confident that you are making an informed
decision. Lastly, be realistic. Your potential partner can take
viral suppressant medication and that can greatly reduce the
number of outbreak incidents, but they cannot ever guarantee you
100% safety from infection. If you feel the relationship has
long term, serious potential, then let that guide you as well.
This article is strictly informational and not intended to
prevent, diagnose or treat genital herpes.
About the author:
Lauren Danver is the owner of the href="http://www.herpesandshingles.info">Herpes and Shingles
Information Center, a website designed to provide the most
recent news and information about developments in the fields of
herpes and shingles research
Herpes Transmission Oral News
No relevant info was found on this topic.


text:
Commentary Part 2: Command and Control film by Kenner and Schlosser
A Nuclear Bomb Explodes in My Childhood
by HelenHighly
I was "a space-age baby." That's what my mother wrote in my baby album. I grew up being told the story of when we were in the hospital after she gave birth to me: There was this amazing few minutes when all the infants were left alone, even if they were crying, and all the nurses and mothers (along with millions of other Americans) turned to the TV to watch The First American be Launched into Space. It was a spectacular, patriotic event, and my father helped to make it possible.
This was May 5rd 1961 – 4 days after I was born – birthed under the very same sky in which Alan Shepard made glorious history. I was born into the glamorous realm of NASA's Cape Canaveral, where my father worked, and where America's bright future was being engineered. Later that same month in 1961, President Kennedy would announce the ambitious goal of sending an American to the moon. This was the Space Age; America was conquering the cosmos. What a great time to be born.
I grew up saying "My father was a rocket scientist." Ha! He never talked about the details, and I was only a baby at the time anyway. But as I grew older, I always knew that those days at NASA were my father's glory days. Being part of that program meant so much to him. He was not a religious man, but … somehow NASA was that miraculous concept that was larger than us all – some mix of Wondrous Possibility and Great Human Achievement and American Patriotism and… The Right Stuff. He was a believer.
FYI, The Right Stuff is a 1983 American, dramatic film about the seven pilots who were selected to be the astronauts for Project Mercury, the first manned spaceflight by the United States. The film goes behind the prepackaged image of unblemished saints we knew through the media to find imperfect human beings who were actually even more heroic when seen in full light. In 2013 the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."
1983, the year The Right Stuff was released, was the year I graduated from college. I recall phoning Dad to talk about the film. My father was notoriously difficult to please and stubbornly, perhaps excessively, patriotic. (He disliked the TV show M∗A∗S∗H for being disrespectful to the U.S. military and making light of America's mission.) So I thought to myself, after seeing The Right Stuff, that my father would finally be happy that a Hollywood movie presented the American space program as so courageous and heroic. What did Dad think of the movie? Well, he was offended by the depiction of the astronauts as anything other than absolute, through-and-through American patriots.
How about Apollo 13, the 1995 film by Ron Howard, starring Tom Hanks (two indisputably all-American figures)? In this movie, which depicts a true event from 1970, the spacecraft malfunctions, putting the lives of the three astronauts on board in jeopardy, and NASA devises a brilliant-under-pressure strategy to return Apollo 13 and its astronauts safely to Earth. My father's take: "There was that one character at Command Center who was a naysayer and had a bad attitude; that is inaccurate. That man did not exist and no one like that would ever have worked for NASA. Every single person who worked there, down to the janitors, were nothing but proud to be there. And no one had a cynical attitude; these were the best and the brightest. It is un-American to suggest otherwise."
Well, those were fictionalized accounts of history, and my father was not only a purist but a scientist at heart. He did not appreciate the artistic necessity of creating dramatic conflict, which (he was correct) likely did not accurately depict the precise details of what happened. So, although he seemed somewhat dogmatic, I acknowledge (and am proud) that he himself was truly an unwaveringly honorable man. He did not entertain doubts about his principles; he lived a life of relentless integrity and commitment. So, was it too much for him to expect others to do so? My father was a man who did indeed deserve true respect, and it was understandable that he would perceive others as matching his own image.
Command and Control is a documentary that has been meticulously researched by a proven truth-teller. Coincidentally (it seemed), I learned from the movie that there was another major aeronautic event that occurred the same year of my birth. Almost no one knew about it (no one outside of the government), because the information was kept classified until 2013. At that period in 1961 – The Cold War in full swing, the United States had B-52 bombers in the air 24 hours a day, ready to attack the Soviet Union. On January 24, 1961, a B-52 bomber that was carrying two nuclear bombs developed a fuel leak and broke apart mid-air over Goldsboro, North Carolina, dropping its bombs in the process. The size of each bomb was more than 250 times the destructive power of the Hiroshima bomb.
Five of the six arming mechanisms on one of the bombs activated. In other words, every safety mechanism on the bomb failed, except one simple "arm/safe" switch (a flip-switch, like a light switch). If that switch had been on the equivalent of "on" when the bomb hit the ground, a thermonuclear explosion would have destroyed much of North Carolina and spread lethal radioactive fallout that would have killed most of the citizens of Washington, Philadelphia and New York. Btw, that type of safety switch was later found to be defective in other weapons. In fact, the same switch was found to be in the "arm" position on the second bomb that fell that day, although some other lucky accident prevented that bomb from detonating.
Thus, the nearest America had come to a nuclear catastrophe was not the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, as my parents had told me it was, vividly recounting the experience of our family living so close to the enemy at such a dangerous time. The far closer nuclear catastrophe was an undisclosed incident the year before, when America's own bomb almost detonated over our own country. Plus, three airmen did die during this incident. Schlosser has been credited with unearthing this "lost" bit of history, which is now being made into its own movie. Kenner includes the incident in his film to further illustrate one of his core messages, which is that we are so much better at creating complex technological systems than we are at controlling them.
I wonder what my father would have said about that story and its implications, if he had known about it. It didn't occur to me that my father might have known about the B-52 bomber incident when it happened. Why would he? How would he? That was the military – not NASA.
Okay, technically, my father was not actually employed by NASA. He worked for Martin Marietta (now defunct, having merged with Lockheed Corp). They were an aerospace contractor company that worked for NASA and were responsible for building the Titan missile. I mention this because both of those names – Martin Marietta and Titan – had been buried 50-years-deep in my memory and only popped up recently when I heard them mentioned in this movie.
It was the name Martin Marietta that struck me first. Where had I heard that before? "Oh! That was the company my father worked for at Cape Canaveral. That makes sense because, ya know, those aerospace contractors get around." And then, as I was recalling that detail, I also remembered … "Isn't Titan the name of the rocket Dad worked on? Well, that's obviously a coincidence (or maybe I just remember it wrong), because Dad's Titan was early 60's in Florida and this film takes place in 1980 in Arkansas."
(pause) "But wait. I do remember the name Titan. So…why would the Air Force be 'stealing' a name from NASA? They are completely separate parts of the U.S. Government; one is military and the other civilian. I mean, this is not like some pop star naming her new song the same as some old song. This is the United States government. You'd think they'd keep careful track of stuff like that."
Sidebar: On the subject of re-using old names, what is up with this … trend? … where a new movie uses the name of an old movie, and it's not a remake? There were at least three films in the TFF this year that come immediately to mind. I'm looking at you Detour, Magnus, and Untouchable. Well, that stuff seems to be no biggie in the entertainment world, but … NASA?
So I went home and did a little Googling. And in the process…
a series of nuclear bombs exploded in my childhood.
Thus, now I am telling:
Helen's Highly Upsetting Spin-Off Documentary: Contradict and Conspire
This much history I knew: As written by Wikipedia, "President Dwight D. Eisenhower established the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 1958 with a distinctly civilian (rather than military) orientation, encouraging peaceful applications in space science."
But when I started looking, it was not at all difficult to find evidence that contradicted that widely-believed statement and also seemed to implicate my father in misrepresenting his role. I now realize that he, in fact, did not work for NASA; he worked at NASA for the U.S. Air Force.
1st Bomb: NASA was never truly a civilian organization, nor was its purpose peaceful.
2nd Bomb: The space race and the arms race were essentially the same thing, and they both were largely a response to Sputnik.
3rd Bomb: The Titan missile, which my father helped develop while working at Cape Canaveral, was first and foremost created as a delivery system for nuclear warheads (not as a booster for manned space capsules), and it played a key role in the U.S./Soviet arms race well into the 80's.
4th Bomb: It is Highly likely that Helen was less of a space-age baby and more of a weapons-of-mass-destruction baby.
The first bomb that hit me came from NASA's own website, in detailing the background of the agency:
"The two sources of the U.S. space program were the military services and the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). Charted by Congress in 1915, NACA was authorized to 'supervise and direct the scientific study of the problems of flight.'
"After World War II, NACA began moving into new fields. The Committee authorized work in such new fields as rocket propulsion, nuclear propulsion, hypersonic flight, and exploration of the upper atmosphere. While NACA was conducting research programs in the upper atmosphere, the [military] services were exploring the military uses of space. …The Cold War atmosphere revived interest in ballistic weapons. Specifically, by 1953… scientists and the Air Force… had concluded independently that an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) was technically feasible. In early 1954… [it was] recommended that the United States undertake an ICBM program on a highest-priority basis. By the end of 1955, all three [military] services had ballistic missile programs: The Air Force was developing Atlas and Titan ICBMs."
Kaboom. It was the date that hit me.
The U.S. Department of the Interior's website spelled it out: "In October 1955, the Air Force contracted with the Glenn L. Martin Company [later Martin Marietta] to produce a new ICBM called the Titan. It was the first in a series of Titan rockets and was an important step in building the Air Force's nuclear deterrent strategy." So, the Titan missile was being developed by the Air Force (not NASA), before NASA even existed.
From Rockets' Red Glare to Mushroom-Cloud
It is interesting to note why and how rockets, in particular, became military instruments. This is something else I recently learned while sitting at my computer.
Another result of a Google search was an article on the Smithsonian's Air & Space website titled, "The Rockets That Inspired Francis Scott Key." This is a bit of a tangential sidebar, but it is worth noting that the word "rocket" has been associated with U.S. warfare for as long as we have been a country, and it is included in our national anthem. The article is short and worth reading, but for our purposes, it clarifies that the rockets to which Francis Scott Key referred were little more than fireworks, not at all like modern missiles.
"Propelled by gunpowder, rockets had a range of barely a few hundred feet and were wildly unpredictable in flight… The kind fired against Fort McHenry on September 13 and 14, 1814… carried an incendiary mixture" intended to start a fire inside the fort. So, no one was going to destroy an entire civilization with those. Those sparkling "rockets" make me think of the romantic "sky rockets in flight" from the 70's pop song "Afternoon Delight."
It was during World War II that America advanced to building a fantastically lethal bomb – the atomic bomb. But, due to the weight of an A-bomb, there was little prospect of them being carried by rockets. However, a DOI website explains, "in 1949, when the Soviet Union developed its atomic bomb, America responded with an even more powerful weapon — a thermonuclear device that used a small atomic trigger to initiate a fusion reaction in hydrogen isotopes. Successfully tested in 1952, the H-bomb seemed to guarantee America's nuclear superiority." The H-bomb was not only more powerful than the atomic bomb, but also much lighter.
Then, in August 1953, the Soviets exploded their own H-bomb. And, it was revealed that the Soviets were making considerable headway with a missile development program that was based on German expertise obtained after WWII; years ahead of U.S. expectations, the Soviets were creating the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile. ICBMs are missiles with a minimum range of more than 5,500 kilometers (3,400 miles). With an ICBM, the Soviets would not need to fly a plane (such as a B-52 bomber) over U.S. territory in order to drop a bomb on our country. U.S. military experts became extremely worried that the Soviets could soon deliver the H-bomb via an ICBM.
For the first time, the Soviets seemed poised to surpass the United States in military might, and the race was on. To match the newly revealed Soviet missile programs, President Eisenhower made the U.S. ICBM programs a top priority, and to gain intelligence on the Soviet R&D effort, he did the same with the U.S. spy satellite program. Because it now planned to use reconnaissance satellites in the near future, the U.S. had to modify its policy on the peaceful use of space. What started out as "nonmilitary" became "nonaggressive."
On January 7, 1954, President Eisenhower delivered his first State of the Union address to the Nation. After declaring that "American freedom is threatened so long as the Communist conspiracy exists in its present scope, power and hostility," the President outlined his plans for defending the Nation against that threat. "We will not be aggressors," he said, "but we . . . have and will maintain a massive capability to strike back." In June of that year, Vice Chief of Staff General Thomas D. White ordered the Air Research and Development Command "to proceed with the development of an ICBM at the highest speed possible, limited only by the advancement of technology in the various fields concerned."
From Rockets' Red Scare to Sputnik
The U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) eloquently details what happened next: "On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union successfully launched into orbit the world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik.
Ham radio operators in the eastern United States turned their dials to lower frequency bands and anxiously listened as the 184-pound Sputnik emitted a mechanical '. . . beep . . . beep . . . beep . . .' while passing overhead. Other radio operators quickly recorded the broadcast and, within hours, Americans in their living rooms heard Sputnik's transmission via radio and television news flashes. The message seemed to confirm America's worst fears: The Soviets had technologically surpassed the United States and gained supremacy of outer space. In the United States, one headline proclaimed: 'U.S. Must Catch Up with Reds or We're Dead.'
"In truth, the significance of the successful launching was not so much Sputnik, but the huge Soviet rocket that hurled the satellite into space. With Sputnik… the Soviets demonstrated the ability of their SS-6 launcher to propel a missile toward a target thousands of miles away. Four years earlier, the Soviets exploded the H-bomb. Now, the frightening prospect of a Soviet missile delivering a nuclear bomb to an American city in less than an hour revived what some called a 'Pearl Harbor atmosphere' throughout the United States."
My father had repeatedly told me stories about Sputnik. I grew up hearing about the dark shadow it cast over America – the demoralization and trepidation it caused, and the dangerous shift in world power that it represented. Suddenly, it began to make sense to me that for the rest of his life, my father was a militant Commie-Hater (which was unusual for an east-coast Jew). He was endlessly passionate about the threat of the Soviet Union. He was even a semi-supporter of McCarthyism.
(He said he thought McCarthy was misunderstood, and his fears were accurate even if his techniques went too far. Communist propaganda was infiltrating America through movies and TV, my father believed, which is why he taught us, his children, to think analytically and independently – to understand the principles of logic in order to discern the truth.)
But my father never explained that he had a personal connection that fueled his passion – that he had lived and worked in the heart of the fight against a very-tangible Red Threat. He never mentioned that NASA was the center of that fight. Aaah… tectonic plates began shifting underneath me.
The website continues: "Within six months after Sputnik, the Nation's space research and development budget mushroomed from an average half billion dollars a year to more than $10.5 billion." That's twenty times more money, flying at supersonic speed into the arms race.
Next up in this explosive timeline: The U.S. government needed to scramble to offset the Sputnik humiliation and associated media frenzy. The Vanguard rocket was intended to be the first launch vehicle the United States would use to place a satellite into orbit. But it was still a highly experimental system. It wasn't ready. Nonetheless, the government decided to push the Vanguard into speedy completion and launch. On December 6, 1957, with the whole world watching, the Vanguard exploded on its launch pad.
Curiously, this historical detail my father never mentioned to me. I may have once heard about it in a movie, but the name "Vanguard" didn't mean anything to me. But now I know: This disaster became a symbol of failure for the U.S. space program.
Remember, at this point, the U.S. space program was a combined but generally uncoordinated effort between the multiple military services and NACA. And the government contractor in the center of it all –the company that had built Vanguard and was building the Titan, was The Martin Company, which later became Martin Marietta, and would employ my father, and would build the Titan II, which was that missile that exploded in Arkansas in 1980. In learning these details, I couldn't help but notice the remarkable continuity between the pre-NASA and NASA eras.
Back to 1957: The Sputnik launch and the Vanguard fiasco were tremendous blows to U.S. prestige, and the events generated significant fear and outrage among the American public and its political leaders. President Eisenhower, bowing to Congressional and public pressure, recognized the need for a centralized space program and policy.
Thus Came NASA
These are the events that birthed NASA. NASA was created in direct response to the rocket that put the 184-pound Sputnik into orbit, giving it profound military potential. NASA was the result of the failed U.S. military infrastructure that seemed incapable of keeping up the space race, which I now understand was the same thing as the arms race.
The Air University, which is "the Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force," writes on its website: "To avoid the difficulties experienced with Vanguard, which many blamed on faulty management and lack of unified direction, the government created a new agency to solidify national space policy" – NASA.
Even Wikipedia cannot fail to mention the relationship between Sputnik and NASA: "The National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 is the United States federal statute that created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The Act, which followed close on the heels of the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik, was drafted by the United States House Select Committee on Astronautics and Space Exploration and on July 29, 1958 was signed by President Eisenhower. Prior to enactment, the responsibility for space exploration was deemed primarily a military venture, in line with the Soviet model that had launched the first orbital satellite."
NASA and the DOD: Governmental Incest
The original 1958 act charged NASA with conducting the aeronautical and space activities of the United States "so as to contribute materially to one or more of the following objectives:" Most of the listed objectives say what we all have believed is true about NASA – "expansion of human knowledge," "peaceful and scientific purposes," yada yada. But then, if you keep reading, you find "The making available to agencies directly concerned with national defenses of discoveries that have military value or significance," and "The most effective utilization of the scientific and engineering resources of the United States, with close cooperation among all interested agencies of the United States in order to avoid unnecessary duplication of effort, facilities, and equipment."
So… that says, essentially… NASA does the research and shares it with the military. And there should be no duplication of efforts, which means that whatever militarization of space that "national defenses" want, they simply must ask NASA to do it, so as not to be redundant. Thus, calling NASA a civilian organization is a very limited description of its original charter, which only loosely and ambiguously separated it from the military. And even that slippery, original charter lasted about ten minutes before it was challenged by the Air Force and revised by Congress.
Air University Air Command confirms, "Within its original charter, there was only a vaguely defined relationship with the military. Congress, on the other hand, envisioned a strong military role in space and wished to modify NASA's relationship with the military. To this end, Congress created the Civilian-Military Liaison Committee, to coordinate NASA and Department of Defense (DOD) activities and keep NASA and the DOD 'fully and currently informed' of each other's space activities."
NASA's website explains further: "Neither the Administration bill nor the Space Act settled the matter of one national space program or two. Once it became clear that the agency would be civilian controlled, Department of Defense officials dropped overt opposition to NASA, instead concentrating on making it respond to their needs. The Air Force found NASA something it could live with; top officials saw the agency as merely NACA enlarged and somewhat strengthened but still responsive to Air Force interests and a convenient location for noncompetitive military projects. …At the same time, the Administration bill contained almost nothing about coordinating military and civilian programs and provided no solution for the jurisdictional conflicts that were bound to arise" and essentially "negated the distinction between civilian and military programs."
Elsewhere, NASA's website details: "The military space program moved through overlapping phases from 1959 to 1961. First, the most promising ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) projects were turned over to the [military] services; the Air Force was made responsible for ballistic missile development in 1959, for military space development generally in 1961, and for military support of NASA in 1962."
So, yes, despite President Kennedy's publicly promoting a vigorous, non-military aerospace program and placing the weight and prestige of his office squarely behind the national goal of a manned lunar landing, he also in that same year "assigned to the Air Force responsibility for research, development, test, and engineering of Department of Defense space development programs." And those programs were taking place at Cape Canaveral, using the same launch pads and test sites, and to the general public, they had the same look and feel as Peaceful NASA.
In fact, it turns out that the location itself reveals the incestuous relationship between NASA and the Air Force. Cape Canaveral (known as Cape Kennedy from 1963 to 1973 – in honor of President Kennedy's promise of peaceful space exploration) was not even the true home to NASA that it seemed to be. In his book Florida Warplanes, Harold Skaarup writes, "Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) is an installation of the United States Air Force Space Command's 45th Space Wing, headquartered at nearby Patrick Airforce Base. Located on Cape Canaveral in the State of Florida, CCAFS is the primary launch head of America's Eastern Range… The Cape Canaveral AFS Skid Strip provides a 10,000 foot runway close to the launch complexes for military airlift aircraft delivering heavy and outsized payloads to the Cape.
"Several major American space exploration 'firsts' were launched from CCFAS, including the first U.S. earth satellite (1958), first U.S. astronaut
(1961), first U.S. astronaut in orbit (1962), first two-man U.S. spacecraft (1964), the first unmanned lunar landing (1966)…" etc etc. "Air Force crews launched missiles for NASA from CCAFS. …Titan missiles were launched from the site… and launch pads along the coast became to be known as Missile Row in the 1960s."
So… the home of NASA was within an Air Force Base and was largely operated by the Air Force. And just as human incest carries the danger of birthing unhealthy children, this relationship birthed a highly dangerous and enormously unhealthy offspring.
On another page of NASA's vast website, it reports: "What were the elements comprising the NASA-DOD relationship? In at least four ways their interests impinged on each other: common technologies; NASA's continuation of NACA's support of military aeronautics; NASA's overwhelming dependence in its early years on the launch vehicles and ground support provided by the Air Force; and the persistent attempts by the Air Force to investigate the military applications of space. …As to common technology, there is no discontinuity between civilian and military R&D. …A launch vehicle is only a modified ballistic missile, and it cannot be overstated that NASA relied on vehicles successfully developed by the Air Force between 1954 and 1959, notably the Atlas, Thor, and Titan ballistic missiles in their original or modified versions. …Indeed, few areas of NASA's R&D were without military application. …The transformation of NACA into NASA did not affect its role in supporting research for the military, except to blur the distinction between support and coordination."
I could go on and on. The evidence that is available is extensive, widely reported, and amazingly consistent. But perhaps the most shocking and succinct statement that defines the relationship between the military and NASA was again on NASA's own history website: "It is as well, then, to set aside preconceptions. 'Civilian' and 'military' are not the same as 'peaceful' and 'non-peaceful.'" Kaboom!
The Titan Family: My Titan Family
Okay, so NASA and the Air Force were incestuous siblings pretending not to be married. But what about my father? Before seeing the Titan II depicted in Command and Control, it never occurred to me to check the dates of when my father worked at Cape Canaveral and what exactly was happening there at that time. But, as Wikipedia documented, "the Titan rocket family was established in 1955, when the Air Force (not NASA) awarded the Glenn L. Martin Company a contract to build an intercontinental ballistic missile, "the Nation's first two-stage ICBM and the first underground silo-based ICBM."
Just for fun, watch this video of a Titan I LAUNCH FAILURE. It's spectacular. (In this case, no one was killed.)
It seems my family was its own sort of "Titan rocket family," and maybe I was a Titan-rocket baby. Wikipedia further explained, "The Martin Company realized that the Titan I could be further improved and presented a proposal to the U.S. Air Force (not NASA) for the Titan II, which would carry a larger warhead over a greater distance with more accuracy and could be fired more quickly. The Martin Company received a contract for the new missile in June 1960" – at the exact time my family was living in Florida and my Dad was working at Cape Canaveral.
It's interesting that Wikipedia includes details that would have meant nothing to me unless I had seen the movie Command and Control, which
makes painfully clear the repercussions of the "improved" features. "The Titan I, whose liquid oxygen oxidizer must be loaded immediately before launching, had to be raised from its silo and fueled before each launch. The use of storable propellants enabled the Titan II to be launched within 60 seconds, directly from its silo. Their hypergolic nature made them dangerous to handle; a leak could (and did) lead to explosions, and the fuel was highly toxic. However, it allowed for a much simpler and more trouble-free engine system than on cryogenically-fueled boosters." Yes, that "(and did)" is part of the Wikipedia article, not my own addition, and it does not refer to the accident featured in Command and Control. Another quick Google search just brought up this chilling account of a Titan II accident that occurred in 1965, where "55 civilian men returned from lunch to missile silo 373-4. By 1:10 p.m., 53 were dead."
That explosion was caused by a different type of "benign neglect" – a term the government uses to differentiate the problem from a design flaw, as if to suggest they are less accountable or the problem is less serious. But we learn in Command and Control the scope of the disaster that can be caused by a fuel leak of storable propellants in a missile that launches from inside an underground silo – the exact feature that made the Titan II "better" than the Titan I.
So, let's recap: All these years I had believed that my father was a part of America's noble mission of exploring the universe. This belief was crumbling. However, as part of this personal investigation, I checked with my brother, who reminded me that before working for (at) NASA, my father had worked as an engineer at a radio station. It's possible he went to Florida to help design an audio system of some sort. But still. Even if so; it sure seems as if that audio system would have been connected to the larger project that was taking place at the time. He himself told us that he worked on the Titan. My father was (almost certainly) helping to build a missile for a nuclear bomb – a delivery system for weapons of mass destruction. This was earth-shaking news to me (no pun intended).
The Gemini: Capsule Manned with Helen's Hope
But wait. There was something else; maybe there was still hope I was wrong. I remembered the name Gemini. My father also told us he worked on the Gemini, which was definitely a manned space mission. Right? Once again, my next blow came from NASA itself, on their website:
"Gemini was an early NASA human spaceflight program. Gemini helped NASA get ready for the Apollo moon landings. Ten crews flew missions on the two-man Gemini spacecraft." (Yes!) "The Gemini missions were flown in 1965 and 1966. NASA designed the Gemini capsule for this program. The Gemini capsule flew on a Titan II rocket." (Oh no.) "The two-stage Titan II was originally a missile. NASA made changes to the missile so it could carry people." Ack! It was only later that the Titan missile was adapted for use in space exploration. Sheesh! My family was well gone from Florida by 1965.
Hold on. I found some more details about the research and development phase of the Gemini project, which would have taken place prior to the launch date; maybe that is what my father was doing at Cape Canaveral. "When… approved on 7 December 1961″ (already after I was born, but… let's see) "much of the groundwork had already been laid…The Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) itself was not going to build spacecraft, booster, target, or paraglider. In line with the practice pioneered by the Air Force after World War II, NASA relied on private firms to develop and produce most of its hardware. The first priority, even before getting the project office fully in order, was putting the spacecraft under contract and making arrangements with the Air Force for booster and target vehicles."
Further defining the contracts: "The choice clearly fell to the McDonnell Aircraft Corporation, which had not only developed and was building Mercury but had also been an active partner in drawing up the new design. The company's president, James S. McDonnell, Jr., signed the contract on 22 December [1961]." Um… that is not the contractor that employed my father.
However: "Although NASA could deal directly with McDonnell for spacecraft development, launch vehicles were another matter." The report continues: "The program belonged to NASA but… the Air Force, acting as contractor, would see that NASA got its Titan II and launch vehicles." Okay, that brings in the Titan II and the Air Force.
Reading on: "The 'NASA-DOD Operational and Management Plan' of 29 December 1961… assigned launch vehicle development – Titan II – to the Los Angeles-based Space Systems Division (SSD) of the Air Force Systems Command." Oops. That means the work was done in L.A., not Florida, where we lived.
Continuing: "The 'Operational and Management Plan' assigned two other major functions to the Department of Defense, with SSD acting as agent… One required SSD to oversee the modification of launch facilities at Cape Canaveral, Florida, to meet the needs of the new program." Okay, this is where my father worked. "The other involved SSD in the support of program operations – launching, tracking, recovery – along the same lines already worked out for the Mercury program… On 26 January 1962, the plan was endorsed as a working arrangement between NASA's Office of Manned Space Flight and the Air Force Systems Command by the heads of the two agencies."
Well, now we are into 1962, which means my father has already been at Cape Canaveral for several years. Doing what? Not working on the Gemini project, apparently, because it had not yet started.
"NASA Headquarters juggled its fiscal year 1962 research and development funds to come up with $27 million, which it allotted to MSC (Manned Spacecraft Center) for Titan II on 26 December 1961. As soon as notice came that funds were on hand, MSC wired SSD that work on the Titan II could start. SSD told the Martin Company's Baltimore Division to go ahead on 27 December."
Okay! Now we're getting somewhere. Because my family moved to Baltimore at some point during or after 1962. Suddenly, the timeline was coming together. Now at least that explains why (likely) we moved to Baltimore; my Dad did indeed work on modifying the Titan II for use in the Gemini program. So, his depiction that he worked for a NASA space-exploration program was almost certainly accurate.
BUT that does leave the entirety of his time in Florida unaccounted for. Dad! I want to pull you from the grave and shake you, and make you explain! What could I be misunderstanding, or overlooking? I concede: No, I am not applying the thorough rigor and multiple years of research that Eric Schlosser used in his book. (I simply don't have the time or resources. Although, already I have delayed delivery of this article by over a month, due to my continuous stumbling onto more and more evidence that seems to support my disturbing realization about what my father did while at Cape Canaveral, where I was born.) Sorry, Dad; I could be making a statement that is imperfect. But, based on my best understanding at this time, I am going ahead and saying:
I am not as much a space-age baby as I am a weapons-of-mass-destruction baby.
Color me mind-blown.
Maybe I shouldn't judge so harshly. Maybe I should view my father as a patriot. The Red Threat was real and he was part of the solution, even if a few (or many) people (Americans) died accidental deaths. All is Fair in War. Except the story doesn't end there. The saga continues.
The Patriotism Syndrome
When I was in the 6th grade, my father helped me build a model of the solar system, complete with revolving and rotating parts, for my science project. It was a terrific father-daughter bonding experience. And it reinforced my belief that my Dad, who had worked for NASA, knew all about outer-space, which was so cool. I mention this because my relationship with my father was so closely connected to this image of himself that he persistently presented – an idealized, altruistic, cosmos-conscious man who believed in high-minded principles such as "knowledge for the sake of all mankind." He was nothing like a war monger. He was thoughtful. He was measured.
In fact, the one item I have saved all these years as a memento of my father is his slide rule. (Totally true; I do not have a typical keepsake such as a watch or a gun – which he never owned btw, but I kept his slide rule.) I remember how, after dinner, my brother and I would do our homework at the dining room table while my father worked on his engineering studies. I cherish that picture of him, in his white business shirt with pocket protector, black frame eyeglasses, sitting with us at the table, carefully calculating with his slide rule, which we were not allowed to touch because it was "a precision instrument – not a toy." He was that kind of guy – respectful of slide rules, dedicated to the reliability of numbers, and a father who helped his daughter with her science projects.
That solar system project would have been 1973, well after Dad's beloved Titan missile had been adapted for use in the space-exploration program. At that point, my family was living in Maryland, and I now understand that it was NASA and Martin Marietta's part in the Gemini project that brought us there. However, those days were behind us; my father no longer had any association with NASA, and he was working an entirely unrelated job. (sad snigger) After he left NASA, where I now know he helped build nuclear missiles, my father took a new job working in…. wait for it…. the nuclear power industry. What a coincidence!
Yup, my Dad worked for Calvert Cliffs nuclear power plant. He had explained to me that when he worked for NASA, he was the kind of engineer that specialized in meeting government regulations. He was a Quality Engineer who was experienced at maintaining compliance with government contracts. And so, he told me, this made him especially qualified to work in the nuclear energy industry, which also had a lot of government-regulated standards. This made sense.
OR, this also makes sense: He had just finished working on a nuclear missile, so it was an easy transition into nuclear power. Duh. Of course, I never made that connection, until now. And maybe I am wrong and making more assumptions. And it doesn't really matter how or why he got into nuclear energy. What matters is what he told me versus the truth. And so this section of the story deals with misinformation, which brings us back to the movie, Command and Control, which also looks quite a bit at that subject.
The System Didn't Work
5th Bomb: The system didn't work; the "conspiracy theorists" were right; and my father must have known and didn't tell.
In 1979 I was a senior in high school. A movie called The China Syndrome was released on March 16, 1979. In this fictional drama, Jane Fonda plays a TV reporter who finds what appears to be a cover-up of safety hazards at a nuclear power plant. The plot suggests that corporate greed and cost-cutting had led to potentially deadly faults in the plant's construction. My father, as by now you might imagine, was not a fan of the film. In fact, he was so outraged by its "un-American" theme and spreading of what he considered to be dangerous lies, that we were forbidden to see the movie. And he went even further; we were forbidden to see any movie involving Jane Fonda, who my father deemed to be a traitor to her country. (Okay, yes, he was influenced by Jane Fonda's anti-war shenanigans, but this film was beyond the pale.) No one who lived "under his roof" would in any way support that "enemy of the State."
Twelve days after The China Syndrome hit movie theaters, the nuclear reactor at Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania suffered a partial meltdown – the worst accident in the history of U.S. commercial nuclear power plants. The incident was rated a five on the seven-point International Nuclear Event Scale. No one was hurt, but the Three Mile Island incident helped propel The China Syndrome into a blockbuster.
My father could not have been more irate. He declared again and again: "No one was hurt! The system worked!" He insisted that "the system" was designed to protect Americans from every possible type of accident or attack. Some type of problem occurred at Three Mile Island but the fact that no one was hurt PROVED that the system worked. There had been no real danger. And anyone who suggested otherwise was not only wrong but traitorous.
See, this is the voice I keep hearing over and over in my head – my father so vehemently insisting that nuclear power was absolutely, unequivocally safe, that NASA was absolutely, unequivocally heroic, and that he knew the truth, because he worked on the inside.
And yet, in a 2009 article, Victor Gilinsky, who served two terms on the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, wrote that after Three Mile Island, it took five weeks to learn that "the reactor operators had measured fuel temperatures near the melting point." He further wrote: "We didn't learn for years – until the reactor vessel was physically opened – that by the time the plant operator called the NRC at about 8:00 a.m., roughly half of the uranium fuel had already melted."
Several state and federal government agencies mounted investigations into the crisis, the most prominent of which was the President's Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island, created by Jimmy Carter in April 1979. The commission consisted of a panel of twelve people, specifically chosen for their lack of strong pro- or anti-nuclear views. The commission released a completed study on October 31, 1979. The investigation strongly criticized the NRC (among other organizations and corporations) for "lapses in quality assurance and maintenance, inadequate operator training, lack of communication of important safety information, poor management, and complacency." The heaviest criticism concluded that "fundamental changes were necessary in the organization, procedures, practices and above all – in the attitudes of the NRC and the nuclear industry." The report stated that the actions taken by the operators were "inappropriate" but that the workers "were operating under procedures that they were required to follow, and our review and study of those indicates that the procedures were inadequate" and that the control room "was greatly inadequate for managing an accident."
I just don't understand why Dad would have continued to insist to his own family – to his children whom he had diligently taught to respect the Truth, that nuclear power was … well, none of the things written in that report.
In 1983, the year I become a college graduate, another relevant movie was released.
Silkwood was inspired by the true-life story of nuclear-whistleblower Karen Silkwood, who died in a suspicious car accident while investigating alleged wrongdoing at the Kerr-McGee plutonium processing plant where she worked. And it was not flagrantly un-American Jane Fonda who played the lead role, but America's finest and perhaps most credible actress, Meryl Streep, who won an Academy Award nomination for her role (as did the film's director, Mike Nichols). Factual accuracy was maintained throughout the script, with some incidents exactly parallel to the real life experiences of Karen Silkwood. One scene in particular involved the activation of a radiation alarm at the plant. Silkwood herself had forty times the legal limit of radiation in her system.
In real life, Silkwood's death was vindicated in a victorious 1979 lawsuit, Silkwood v. Kerr-McGee. The jury rendered its verdict of $10 million in damages to be paid to the Silkwood estate (her children), the largest amount in damages ever awarded for that kind of case at the time.
My father never wavered. Nuclear power was safe. All other accounts were false. I can only assume that he believed his loyalty was the honorable thing to do.
And so this brings me back to Command and Control, which states about the Titan II incident, "The story received a good deal of attention at the time. It was covered by the nightly news, made headlines in our major newspapers. But the Pentagon was adamant that there was absolutely no way the warhead on the Titan II missile could have detonated. The press didn't challenge that assertion. The story was soon forgotten. And we now know that the Pentagon's reassuring words were a lie."
Did my father not know about the monumental incident involving his Titan missile? I can't believe he didn't know the truth. And his not telling would have been consistent with the same type of repudiation and secrecy that were his response to the nuclear power accidents about which he surely knew.
Perhaps my father himself was a victim of "the system" he so heartedly defended. As with the young men who were at the center of the incident depicted in Command and Control, and also with the young men depicted in another war-related documentary at Tribeca, National Bird, and I will even add in another stunning Tribeca documentary, Keep Quiet (which tells the true story of young political firebrand and virulent anti-Semite who became vice president of Hungary's far-right extremist party when he was only in his mid-twenties, and then discovered that he was actually Jewish), it seems that all countries and political establishments use the romantic ideals of patriotism, the charismatic persona of heroism, and perhaps most importantly, the spiritual sense of unity and belonging to something greater than oneself, to indoctrinate young citizens into service and loyalty that includes a dangerous component of silence and denial.
So: it's time for me and everyone else to shake off this denial and face the harsh reality. For starters, seek out and see Command and Control.
And then, I have one more bomb to share – yet another Google find. This bomb is not from my childhood. This bomb is in the future, and it's heading straight toward us all. Click here to read the final part of this commentary: Arms Race in Space
Click hear to read my review of the movie Command and Control.


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How many times have you wanted to go back to school for your master's degree, only to tell yourself that it was impossible with your work and personal obligations? You knew there had to be a way, but it just seemed out of reach.
The professional master's degree in SEM is primarily for students, full-time or part-time, with at least three years of professional experience who enroll in specially offered cohort classes on weekday evenings, late Fridays and on Saturdays. With this program, you can access the world-class faculty at UT Dallas and take advantage of the hands-on learning experiences this degree has to offer. The Professional SEM program draws faculty from both schools – the Jindal School of Management and the Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science. The program also utilizes industry leadersfrom various corporate partners, such as Texas Instruments, Raytheon, Hewlett-Packard, Rockwell Collins, Ericsson and others. Previous program candidates have asked questions such as:
Is the schedule flexible?
Classes in the professional education format are held on alternate Friday evenings and on Saturdays, in four-hour sessions. Ten sessions are needed in a semester to complete a course.
What will I learn?
The broad curriculum of classes range from systems architecture and design to business finance and strategic leadership.
Who are the faculty?
Faculty for the primary SEM courses are drawn from both the engineering and management schools, other UT Dallas schools and industry leaders with expertise in specific fields.
Who will I be taking classes with in the Professional format of the SEM program?
You will be taking classes with a cohort of local professionals working with major corporations in the DFW area, with typically 3+ years of professional work experience and backgrounds in engineering or physical sciences.
What other programmatic options are available to me?
An SEM Certificate, which requires only 12 credit hours, is also offered in an professional education, four-hour format. Learn more about certificates.
Do you want to talk to someone about your particular situation and how it fits in with the Systems Engineering and Management degree program? Contact Us.


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Avnet, Inc. (NYSE: AVT), a leading global technology distributor, was recognized for the fourth year in a row on Newsweek's Green Rankings list. Avnet placed No. 139 overall, moving up six spots from 2011 and 82 spots from 2010 on the annual ranking, which compares the largest publically traded companies in the U.S. on environmental performance. Newsweek rankings are based on a company's environmental footprint, corporate management and transparency. "Now more than ever, our stakeholders around the world are placing a higher value on how we impact the environment," said Bob Gracz, Avnet's vice president of Corporate Real Estate. "Reducing Avnet's carbon footprint and overall energy use has been an important objective in how we manage all our facilities. Each year we continue to build upon our efforts in becoming a more sustainable company not simply because it's good for business, but because it's the right thing to do." Avnet has begun preparations to participate in the Global Reporting Initiative's sustainability reporting process, which is widely used by companies around the world as a way to report sustainability information in a way that is similar to financial reporting. Involvement in this global initiative represents an opportunity to aid in benchmarking progress with elements of external reporting accountability. Avnet's 2012 global Carbon Footprint Analysis, which was conducted by German consulting firm DFGE, measured the amount of greenhouse gases Avnet emits directly or indirectly in day-to-day business activities. The results showed a 10 percent year-over-year improvement in overall carbon emissions as measured against revenue over the same period. Avnet has taken numerous steps to reduce its impact on the environment. Some examples include:
- Occupying or updating buildings and warehouses with more sustainable designs.
- Modernizing locations to meet strict environmental standards such as LEED and ISO 14001.
- Implementation of a wide variety of both innovative and practical projects that have improved the power efficiency of Avnet's data center operations. These projects included a new data storage management system, virtualization, a system hibernation script, green lighting, and physical improvements. As a direct result, Avnet has saved millions of dollars and avoided a multi-million dollar power build out to its Americas data center.
- Enhancing recycling efforts at all facilities and the adoption of more environmentally-friendly packaging materials.
- Using more energy-efficient lighting, which has saved Avnet's Chandler, Ariz., component distribution center 3.8 million kilowatt hours per year, equating to more than $260,000 in energy savings.
- Enabling employees to work remotely, significantly reducing the amount of carbon released for those commuting to work and reducing the amount of office space required.


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The bedroom door creaks as Katie opens it. My eyes glance quickly at the clock and then to her silhouette in the door frame. It's 6:15 and I know what she is about to say.
She is about to utter the two words that will change the nature of my existence for the next 24 hours, mangling my plans for quiet productivity and transforming them into a TV-blaring, snowball-throwing, hot-chocolate-on-the-carpet fiasco.
"Snow day."
Softly, she closes the door and heads back to bed for another six hours of teenage slumber.
But now, I'm wide awake.
I get out of bed to survey the situation (as though my assessment of impassable roads might change my reality). There's no denying it's really snowy out there, though there is not the "8 to 10 inches" threatened on last night's newscast.
My only opportunity for solitude is now, during the hours between sunrise and the sound of the first telephone call, which I expect will be Jimmy's friend Jonathan at around 9AM.
I amble to the kitchen wrapped in my fuzzy pink bathrobe to make a pot of coffee. I figure if I stoke up the computer I can get some work done, leaving me free to zip and unzip winter jackets for the better part of the day.
We hardly ever got snow days when I was a child. Instead, we trudged those nine miles to school (uphill both ways), unless the accumulation reached our navels and we simply couldn't open the front door. Or something like that.
These days, they call a snow day for a measly 1 to 3 inches. Everyone's afraid of black ice, and besides, there's hardly a municipality north of the Mason-Dixon line that budgets adequately for plowing. Someone must have done the math and decided it was better for the economy to call more frequent snow days than to pay people to clear the stuff out of the way.
This theory leads to another issue, one I find perplexing: If it's too snowy to drive to school, why do people keep asking me to take them to the mall and the sledding hill and the cineplex and Liz's house?
I thought the whole point of snow days is to stay off the roads unless travel is an absolute necessity, but my gang seems to think a snow day is just another excuse to enlist "Mom's Unlimited Taxi Service."
No go. I declare right away my unwillingness to attempt something even hardened school-bus drivers are unwilling to do.
On this particular snow day, Amy is in full winter regalia before 10AM, attempting to sled down the hill that is our back yard (a landscape design my children curse for three seasons of the year when there's no flat ground to play sports, but which is the envy of the neighborhood on days such as this).
I stand at the window in the laundry room watching her negotiate the drifts of white powder. She can't get the sled to move. It's too cold and the snow won't pack down. Her attempts to achieve forward motion are adorable, but I know she'll give up in a matter of moments and all that time invested in dressing for the weather will have been pointless.
Right after the phone rang, Jimmy headed down the street to his buddy Jonathan's house. It's too cold to make the trip back and forth from house to house they way they usually do, so they'll make camp and settle in for a few hours of PlayStation, card games, and movies. When they get restless, which I expect will occur simultaneously with hunger, he'll come back. Sure enough, he reappears in time for lunch.
Meanwhile, my teenage daughters are using the snow day to its best advantage. They sleep late, and then linger in bed reading (since they fear coming to the kitchen will get them a list of snow-day chores). When I'm not looking, they snag cookies and popcorn a meal fit for high school and retreat to the basement to watch a chick flick (something with Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan, no doubt).
By about 3 in the afternoon, all four of my children start to have the glazed, pasty appearance that comes with overexposure to various forms of media. I declare everything in the house that plugs in or runs on batteries has to be turned off. This is just the impetus they need to bundle up in snowsuits and boots and head outside.
This is my favorite part of a snow day (and not because the house is briefly, blessedly quiet).
This is the part when I wander from window to window, watching their antics out in the street, marveling as the eight-year age span between my high school junior and my third-grader disappears in the fluffy, frozen landscape.
They're all out there together. They're throwing snowballs, building a snow fort, making snow angels and snow people. They're playing.
The winter sky gradually grows darker. The streetlights come on around 5, and one by one, they wander back inside, stuffing wet coats and hats and mittens into the clothes dryer. Then it's hot chocolate and comfort food and an evening like any other.
Tomorrow, praise the Lord, there will be school.
But at the end of this day, I'll have to thank Him for sending so much snow.
(Marybeth Hicks is a writer and author of the features "then again." and "A View from the Pew." A wife of 18 years and mother of four children from third grade to junior year, she uses her columns to share her perspective on issues and experiences that shape families and the communities we share. Marybeth began her writing career more than 20 years ago in the Reagan White House. She currently writes a column for the Washington Times. Learn more about Marybeth and her work at www.marybethhicks.com. This column first appeared in and is reprinted with permission from the Washington Times.)


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Give Now
The brains of men and women do not differ based on gender.
Blood sugar levels can impair brain health and memory formation.
Have you ever heard the color blue? Or tasted the musical note F-sharp?
Scientists used to think that for all its complexity, the brain was pretty static. But... is this true today?
Researchers are using transcranial magnetic stimulation to learn more about how magnetic fields affect areas of the brain associated with memory formation.
Research with amnesiacs suggests a deeper relationship between the landscapes of memory and imagination. Learn more on this Moment of Science.
What does your body do when you are sleeping? Believe it or not, your body is doing a lot while you are sleeping and this is another reason why sleep is good.
Ever wonder why you can't remember things from your early childhood? Infant Amnesia on today's Moment of Science.


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To ensure that an add-on component behaves identically to components that are supplied in Enterprise Server distributions, the component must meet the following requirements:
If the component generates management data or monitoring data, it must provide that data to other Enterprise Server components in the same way as other Enterprise Server components.
If the component generates management data or monitoring data, it must provide that data to users through Enterprise Server administrative interfaces such as Administration Console and the asadmin utility.
The component must be packaged and delivered as an OSGi bundle.
To develop add-on components that meet these requirements, follow the development process that is described in the following sections:
The Hundred-Kilobyte Kernel (HK2) is the lightweight and extensible kernel of Enterprise Server. To interact with Enterprise Server, add-on components plug in to this kernel. In the HK2 component model, the functions of an add-on component are declared through a contract-service implementation paradigm. An HK2 contract identifies and describes the building blocks or the extension points of an application. An HK2 service implements an HK2 contract.
For more information, see Chapter 2, Writing HK2 Components.
The Administration Console is a browser-based tool for administering Enterprise Server. It features an easy-to-navigate interface and online help. Extending the Administration Console enables you to provide a graphical user interface for administering your add-on component. You can use any of the user interface features of the Administration Console, such as tree nodes, links on the Common Tasks page, tabs and sub-tabs, property sheets, and JavaServerTM Faces pages. Your add-on component implements a marker interface and provides a configuration file that describes how your customizations integrate with the Administration Console.
For more information, see Chapter 3, Extending the Administration Console.
The asadmin utility is a command-line tool for configuring and administering Enterprise Server. Extending the asadmin utility enables you to provide administrative interfaces for an add-on component that are consistent with the interfaces of other Enterprise Server components. A user can run asadmin commands either from a command prompt or from a script. For more information about the asadmin utility, see the asadmin(1M) man page.
For more information, see Chapter 4, Extending the asadmin Utility.
Monitoring is the process of reviewing the statistics of a system to improve performance or solve problems. By monitoring the state of components and services that are deployed in the Enterprise Server, system administrators can identify performance bottlenecks, predict failures, perform root cause analysis, and ensure that everything is functioning as expected. Monitoring data can also be useful in performance tuning and capacity planning.
An add-on component typically generates statistics that the Enterprise Server can gather at run time. Adding monitoring capabilities enables an add-on component to provide statistics to Enterprise Server in the same way as components that are supplied in Enterprise Server distributions. As a result, system administrators can use the same administrative interfaces to monitor statistics from any installed Enterprise Server component, regardless of the origin of the component.
For more information, see Chapter 5, Adding Monitoring Capabilities.
Applications run on Enterprise Server in containers. Enterprise Server enables you to create containers that extend or replace the existing containers of Enterprise Server. Adding container capabilities enables you to run new types of applications and to deploy new archive types in Enterprise Server.
For more information, see Chapter 6, Adding Container Capabilities.
Packaging an add-on component enables the component to interact with the Enterprise Server kernel in the same way as other components. Integrating a component with Enterprise Server enables Enterprise Server to discover the component at runtime. If an add-on component is an extension or update to existing installations of Enterprise Server, deliver the component through Update Tool.
For more information, see Chapter 7, Packaging, Integrating, and Delivering an Add-On Component.