text: Physical Fitness and Body Composition after a 9-Month Deployment to AfghanistanSHARP, MARILYN A.1; KNAPIK, JOSEPH J.2; WALKER, LEILA A.1; BURRELL, LOLITA3; FRYKMAN, PETER N.1; DARAKJY, SALIMA S.2; LESTER, MARK E.1; MARIN, ROBERTO E.4Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise: September 2008 - Volume 40 - Issue 9 - p 1687-1692 doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318176b978 APPLIED SCIENCES: Physical Fitness and Performance Abstract Author Information Article Outline Purpose: To examine change in physical fitness and body composition after a military deployment to Afghanistan. Methods: One hundred and ten infantry soldiers were measured before and after a 9-month deployment to Afghanistan for Operation Enduring Freedom. Measurements included treadmill peak oxygen uptake (peak V˙O2), lifting strength, medicine ball put, vertical jump, and body composition estimated via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (percent body fat, absolute body fat, fat-free mass, bone mineral content, and bone mineral density). Results: There were significant decreases (P < 0.01) in peak V˙O2 (−4.5%), medicine ball put (−4.9%), body mass (−1.9%), and fat-free mass (−3.5%), whereas percent body fat increased from 17.7% to 19.6%. Lifting strength and vertical jump performance did not change predeployment to postdeployment. Conclusions: Nine months deployment to Afghanistan negatively affected aerobic capacity, upper body power, and body composition. The predeployment to postdeployment changes were not large and unlikely to present a major health or fitness concern. If deployments continue to be extended and time between deployments decreased, the effects may be magnified and further study warranted. 1US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Performance Division, Natick, MA; 2US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD; 3United States Military Academy, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Leadership, West Point, NY; 4Oklahoma University Health Science Center, College of Public Health Occupational Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK Address for correspondence: Marilyn A. Sharp, M.S., US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, ATTN: MRMC-UE-EMP, Natick, MA 01760-5007; E-mail: email@example.com. Submitted for publication January 2008. Accepted for publication March 2008. Abstract METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSION REFERENCES Physical training is a job requirement for soldiers (5). Army physical training is designed to prepare a soldier for the physically demanding tasks performed during military operations. Although the need to maintain a state of physical readiness during military deployments is recognized, there is a lack of evidence regarding soldiers' ability to do so. Access to physical fitness facilities and training time may be limited during deployments and reductions in physical training may result in a loss of physical fitness. On the other hand, the physical requirements of the deployment (e.g., load bearing patrolling, convoys, preparing forward operating camps, lifting and carrying equipment) may offset some of the deleterious effects associated with the lack of scheduled exercise. The availability and type of food as well as the physical requirements of missions will greatly influence the changes in muscle and fat mass. There are no published studies describing the effects of a long-term land-based deployment on body composition and physical fitness in military personnel. Anecdotal reports from US combat unit leaders and health care providers suggest that soldiers returning from combat deployments exhibited decreased fat-free mass, muscle strength, and endurance. Loss of lean mass, muscle strength, and endurance could negatively affect mission performance and military readiness. These changes may also negatively affect performance during training and other missions, thus increasing the risk for injury upon redeployment. The current study was conducted to quantify the effects of a 9-month deployment to Afghanistan on measures of physical fitness and body composition. Documenting changes in soldiers' physical readiness is the first step in the development and implementation of targeted programs to prevent or to mitigate potential degradation of fitness, health, and soldier readiness during deployment. Back to Top | Article Outline METHODS This study was approved by the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Human Use Review Committee. After a briefing on the requirements and risks of the study, 135 soldiers volunteered to participate and signed a volunteer agreement. All were members of the 2nd Battalion, 4th Infantry Regiment, 10th Mountain Division. Soldiers 35 yr old and older were medically screened (1). Soldiers were measured before and after deployment to Afghanistan. Predeployment measurements were made in January and February 2006, before the battalion's deployment in March 2006. Postdeployment measurements were made as soon as possible upon redeployment and took place during December 2006. Soldiers reported for testing wearing standard Army physical fitness shorts, T-shirts, socks, and self-selected running shoes. The test battery was completed in approximately 3 h. Physical testing was not conducted in a standardized order; however, a station requiring minimal physical exertion (body composition or questionnaires) was interspersed between stations requiring greater physical exertion (muscle strength, treadmill running, and vertical jumping). To control for order effects, each soldier followed the same order of active events predeployment and postdeployment. Height (cm) was measured using a stadiometer (Portable Height Rod, Seca Scales, Hamburg, Germany), and body weight (kg) was measured using a digital scale (Seca Alpha Model 770, Seca Scales) with subjects in physical training shirts, shorts, underclothes and socks. A Hologic model QDR 4500W Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) densitometer (Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA) was used for body composition analysis. Hologic software algorithms provided estimates of percent body fat, absolute body fat, total fat-free mass, bone mineral content, and bone mineral density. Soldiers were positioned supine on the DXA table with arms at their side. The feet were strapped together to maintain the correct position. The scanner head moved side to side across the body moving downward from head to toe. The precision of this measurement has been reported to be ±1% (3). Lifting strength was measured using an incremental lifting machine. The test simulates lifting a box with handles from ground level onto the bed of a 5-ton military truck (175-cm final handle height). The weight carriage of the machine moves vertically between two guide rails. The weight carriage was accelerated upward by straightening the legs and pulling up on the handles until the load was pressed to the 175-cm mark on the vertical guides. The initial load was 18.2 kg and was increased in 9.0- or 4.5-kg increments until the soldier was unable or unwilling to complete the lift (19,21). Lower body explosive power was measured with a vertical jump (8,13) using a Vertec™ device. Vertical jump height was recorded as the distance from standing reach height to peak jump height to the nearest 1.3 cm (0.5 inch). Upper body explosive power was measured using a two-handed medicine ball put (similar to a basketball push-pass). The soldier sat in a chair placed against the wall, with his back pushed firmly against the chair back. A 2-kg medicine ball was held in both hands. The soldier touched his chest with the ball, paused, and pushed the medicine ball away as forcefully as possible. The final score was the average of the two furthest distances (cm) thrown (22). Peak oxygen uptake (peak V˙O2) was measured using a continuous uphill treadmill running protocol (17,18). The soldier wore a mouthpiece connected by a flexible hose to a ParvoMedics TrueMax 2400 metabolic measurement system (Salt Lake City, UT), which monitored oxygen uptake. A Polar Heartwatch was used to monitor heart rate. A 5-min warm-up was run at 0% grade and 2.68 m·s−1 (6 mph). If the heart rate was less than 150 beats·min−1 by minute 5 of the warm-up, treadmill speed was increased to 3.13 m·s−1 (6.5 mph) for the remainder of the test. After the warm-up, the treadmill grade was increased by 2.5% every 3 min until voluntary exhaustion. The soldier was considered to be at peak V˙O2 if oxygen uptake did not increase by at least 2 mL·kg−1·min−1 1 min after a grade increase. If the test was terminated due to volitional exhaustion or if a plateau in oxygen uptake was not achieved, criteria for assessing peak V˙O2 was (1) heart rate in excess of 90% age-predicted maximum heart rate and (2) respiratory exchange ratio in excess of 1.0 (14). Soldiers were asked their age (yr) and birth date. Soldiers completed a questionnaire concerning their customary level of physical activity and provided self-ratings of four components of physical fitness (endurance, sprint speed, strength, and flexibility) (9). The predeployment questionnaire referred to the previous year, whereas the postdeployment questionnaire referred to the time deployed. The postdeployment questionnaire also contained questions involving deployment dates, locations, and exercise facilities and use. Physical fitness and body composition changes from predeployment to postdeployment were analyzed using paired t-tests. ANCOVA were run to examine the effect of time between returning from deployment and testing on physical fitness and body composition. In addition, the soldiers were divided into quartiles for each measurement to determine whether segments of the population (highly fit, low body fat, etc.) were more affected by deployment than others. These data were analyzed via a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA using time (predeployment to postdeployment) and predeployment quartile grouping (Q1 [low score] − Q4 [high score]) in the analysis. Significant time-by-quartile interactions were further assessed using Tukey HSD post hoc tests. A Wilcoxon test was used to look at predeployment to postdeployment changes in the distribution of responses to self-assessed physical fitness on the questionnaire. Back to Top | Article Outline RESULTS Of the 135 soldiers who completed predeployment testing, 14 soldiers did not complete postdeployment testing due to injury, illness, permanent change of station, temporary duty in other locations, or no-shows for testing. Soldiers did not all return from deployment on the same day; therefore, the time between a soldier's return date and test date ranged from 5 to 209 d. The data from four volunteers were not used in any of the analyses, as they were deployed for less than 7 months (68, 82, 99, and 135 d). None of the soldiers who completed posttesting had any official medical limitations; however, if soldiers expressed concerns about performing a specific test, they were allowed to omit that test. Seven soldiers who reported for postdeployment testing were unwilling to perform two or more of the physical performance tests. These seven soldiers were eliminated from all analyses. Seven additional soldiers had some missing data but completed at least three of the four physically demanding tests. These data were included in the analyses for a final sample size of 110 soldiers. The 110 soldiers included in the analyses were deployed 258 ± 18 d (mean ± SD), and the average time between redeployment and testing was 18 ± 14 d. The deployment times ranged from 208 d (7 months) to 318 d (10 months), but the majority of soldiers (89%) were deployed between 8 and 9 months. At the predeployment measurement, the soldiers ranged in age from 18 to 43 yr, with a mean ± SD of 23.1 ± 4.7 yr. The height ranged from 160 to 201 cm, with a mean ± SD of 177.5 ± 6.7 cm. Body mass and composition are shown in Table 1. Body mass and fat-free mass decreased from predeployment to postdeployment, whereas percent body fat and fat mass increased from predeployment to postdeployment. There were also small decreases in bone mineral content and bone mineral density; however, the change in bone mineral density did not exceed the precision of the measurement tool (±1%). TABLE 1 The results of the predeployment and postdeployment physical fitness measurements are listed in Table 2. Performance on the medicine ball put and peak V˙O2 (absolute and relative to body mass) decreased from predeployment to postdeployment. There was no change in lifting strength or vertical jumping performance. A repeated-measures ANCOVA was conducted using the number of days between redeployment and testing as the covariate. The covariate did not reach statistical significance for any of the measures. This indicates that time lag between redeployment and testing did not have a strong influence on the changes in body composition or physical fitness measurements. TABLE 2 The repeated-measures ANOVA using predeployment quartiles as a grouping factor resulted in a significant time effect (P < 0.01) for peak V˙O2 (absolute and relative to body weight) and all the body composition variables. The time effect for medicine ball put was nearly significant (P = 0.06). Tukey post hoc analysis of the group effect revealed that each quartile was significantly different from every other quartile within each variable. The changes of greatest interest are the interaction effects between time and quartile group. There was a significant interaction effect for peak V˙O2, both absolute and relative to body weight (P = 0.01), medicine ball put (P = 0.01), vertical jump (P = 0.01), body mass (P = 0.01), fat-free mass (P = 0.03), percent body fat (P = 0.04), bone mineral content (P = 0.01), and bone mineral density (P = 0.01). Table 3 lists the predeployment to postdeployment percentage change by quartile group for variables with significant interaction effects and indicates the results of Tukey HSD post hoc tests. Soldiers who weighed more (Q4) predeployment tended to lose the most body mass postdeployment. Similarly, those with more fat-free mass (Q3 & Q4) predeployment lost the most fat-free mass postdeployment, although all quartiles tended to lose fat-free mass. Soldiers in the lowest quartile of percent body fat predeployment were the only group to significantly increase in percent body fat from predeployment to postdeployment, although all quartiles tended to increase in percent body fat. All soldiers tended to experience a decrease in bone mineral content from predeployment to postdeployment, but the difference was not significant in Q1. Soldiers with the highest bone mineral density (Q4) were the only group to decrease significantly postdeployment. Soldiers with the highest aerobic fitness predeployment (Q3 and Q4) tended to show the greatest decline in peak V˙O2 postdeployment. None of the within group predeployment to postdeployment changes in lifting strength reached the P < 0.05 level of significance. Soldiers in the lowest lifting strength quartile predeployment were the only group that tended to increase in strength postdeployment, which produced the significant group-by-time interaction. The lowest predeployment vertical jump quartile (Q1) increased postdeployment (P < 0.01), whereas the highest predeployment vertical jump quartile (Q4) decreased postdeployment (P = 0.06). TABLE 3 The frequency distribution of soldiers' self-ratings of physical fitness components is presented in Table 4. Compared with predeployment, soldiers reported lower self-ratings for each component of physical fitness after deployment. The mean percentage decrease (%change = post − pre / pre × 100) in self-rated physical fitness was −5.0%, −7.3%, −4.4%, and −5.4% for endurance, sprint speed, strength, and flexibility, respectively. TABLE 4 Nearly all soldiers reported that some form of training facility or equipment was available to them during their deployment (91% for aerobic equipment and 95% for strength training). Eighty-three percent reported using some form of aerobic equipment or facility such as treadmills, stationary bikes, or tracks. Eighty-five percent reported using strength training equipment such as free weights or weight-training machines. Treadmills were the aerobic training device most frequently available (81%), and 57% of soldiers reported using them. Free weights were available to 94% of soldiers, and 82% reported using them. Soldiers were also asked to report the frequency (days per week) and duration (minutes per session) they performed aerobic exercise, strength training, or sports activities for 1 yr before and during deployment, and these data are in Table 5. Soldiers performed aerobic exercise at a lower frequency and duration during deployment than in the year before deployment. Predeployment, 80% of the soldiers performed aerobic exercise three or more days per week, whereas during deployment, the percentage was only 35%. In the year before deployment, 78% of soldiers performed aerobic exercise for more than 30 min per session, but during deployment this figure was only 57%. The responses to the frequency of strength training and sports activities were evenly divided between those reporting more and those reporting fewer days of those activity types, so no significant change was detected by the Wilcoxon analysis. Slightly more than half of the soldiers reported strength training for three or more days per week before (58%) and during (56%) deployment. Similar to aerobic training, the duration of strength training was reduced in that 74% of soldiers performed strength training for more than 30 min per session predeployment, whereas only 54% trained for more than 30 min per session during deployment. Only 11% and 8% of soldiers participated in sports three or more days per week before and during deployment, respectively. The majority participated in sports less than 1 d·wk−1 (65% before and 70% during deployment). TABLE 5 Back to Top | Article Outline DISCUSSION This study indicated that there were changes in physical fitness and body composition after a 9-month deployment to Afghanistan; however, these changes were not large. Aerobic power and upper body anaerobic power decreased approximately 5%, and it would be expected that these losses could rapidly be regained with systematic physical training (2,10). The decrease in aerobic power may have been due to the decrease in the frequency and duration of aerobic exercise participation as reported by the soldiers on the postdeployment questionnaire. Predeployment, participation in both aerobic and strength training exercise was similar to that reported by a group of nondeployed Army mechanics (16) and greater than that reported by basic combat trainees before entry into the Army (11). Nearly 70% of soldiers reported a decrease in the frequency of aerobic training during deployment. Access to training equipment during deployment apparently did not factor into the decision to train, as more than 90% reported having access to physical training equipment. The changes in body composition from predeployment to postdeployment in Afghanistan were less than expected based on anecdotal reports. In overfat individuals, weight loss, particularly fat loss, is a positive outcome. Although there was a small decrease in body mass after deployment, the loss was due to a moderate decrease in lean mass and a smaller increase in body fat. The US Army requires all soldiers to meet an age- and sex-adjusted body fat standard if they exceed the weight-for-height standard at the semiannual weigh-in. Although we did not use the standard Army circumference method to estimate percent body fat, the body fat estimate from the DXA output was used to estimate the number of soldiers in compliance with the Army body fat standard predeployment and postdeployment. The DXA, although considered the "gold standard" for body composition, tends to produce a higher estimate of percent body fat than the circumference equation used by the Army (6). Twenty-six percent of the soldiers were overfat for their age group predeployment, whereas 33% were overfat postdeployment, despite the decrease in body weight. Examination of the fat-free mass quartile results revealed that the greater the quantity of fat-free mass, the greater the loss of fat-free mass from predeployment to postdeployment. The change in fat-free mass from predeployment to postdeployment was significantly correlated with the change in strength training days per week (r = 0.37, P < 0.01). Soldiers who lost fat-free mass tended to decrease the number of strength training days per week during deployment. It is more difficult for highly fit individuals to improve fitness during a training program compared with lower fit individuals because they are closer to their maximum potential (10,12,15). Similarly, highly fit individuals might be affected by the deployment to a greater extent if detraining occurs. In general, soldiers in the present study with higher predeployment upper or lower body power, strength, or aerobic fitness tended to demonstrate larger postdeployment decrements than those with lower predeployment fitness. Studies of physical training suggest that these losses will likely be regained within 2-6 wk once appropriate physical training resumes (12,15,20). A limitation to the data presented is the lack of an independent control group. Ideally, a second sample of soldiers would be deployed for the same length of time with a different activity level. Because the soldiers' combat missions were directed by their commanders, it was not possible for a separate group of soldiers to conduct different missions to control for activity levels. The reported training habits before and during deployment were used as a measure of activity level. The repeated-measures design allowed each soldier to act as his own control. A second limitation to the study is that exposure to altitude was not standardized. Individual soldiers were distributed across 17 different locations for varying periods of time. Based on the reported locations and the length of stay, the mean altitude for the sample was 1635 ± 519 m, which could be considered moderate altitude. Only nine soldiers (8%) were exposed to high altitude (>2400 m). If predeployment aerobic training habits had been maintained, acclimatization to moderate or high altitude might be expected to produce an increase in peak V˙O2 upon return to sea level due to a residual increase in hemoglobin (4,7). As the opposite was found, the decrease in peak V˙O2 can be mainly attributed to a decreased aerobic training volume. It is possible, however, that the decrease in peak V˙O2 was somewhat masked by the exposure to altitude. The 9-month deployment to Afghanistan resulted in significant negative effects on aerobic performance, upper body anaerobic power, and body composition; however, lower body anaerobic power and lifting strength were maintained. Soldiers reported decreased self-ratings of physical fitness of 4% to 7% and a decreased frequency of aerobic training. The changes in upper body power and aerobic fitness did not exceed 6%, and it is expected that these losses can be quickly reversed with appropriate physical training. Current deployments are 15 months rather than the shorter 9-month period examined here, and many soldiers are being deployed multiple times. Extended duration and multiple deployments may have effects that differ from those reported here, and further studies may be necessary to examine these effects and protect the health and military readiness of deployed soldiers. The soldiers of the 2nd Batallion, 4th Infantry Regiment, 10th Mountain Division, who participated in this study were critical to its success, as were LTC Frank Sturek Commanding, CSM Joseph Montour, MAJ Ronald Eschelberger, MAJ Rafael Paredes, SFC Shawn Sessions, CPT Todd Nash, and 1LT Patrick Glass. The following individuals (listed in alphabetical order) are gratefully acknowledged for the significant contributions made to the technical and scientific aspects of the study: SGT Joseph Alemany, SGT Daniel Catrambone, SGT Darnell Dobbins, Mr. David Gutekunst, Mr. Nathan Hendrickson, Mrs. Sandra Kelly, Mr. Robert Mello, SPC Kevin Rarick and SGT Lisa Trueheart. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the US Army, the Department of Defense, or the American College of Sports Medicine. The investigators have adhered to the policies for protection of human subjects as prescribed in Army Regulation 70-25, and the research was conducted in adherence with the provisions of 32 CFR Part 219. Human subjects participated in these studies after giving their free and informed voluntary consent. Investigators adhered to AR 70-25 and USAMRMC Regulation 70-25 on the use of volunteers in research. Any citations of commercial organizations and trade names in this report do not constitute an official Department of the Army endorsement or approval of the products or services of these organizations.Back to Top | Article Outline REFERENCES1. American College of Sports Medicine. Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. Baltimore (MD): Williams & Wilkins; 2005. p. 366. Cited Here... 2. American College of Sports Medicine. The recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998;30(6):975-91. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 3. Bonnick SL, Miller PD. Bone Densitometry in Clinical Practice. Totowa (NJ): Humana Press; 2004. p. 81. Cited Here... 4. Brothers MD, Wilber RL, Byrnes WC. Physical fitness and hematological changes during acclimatization to moderate altitude: A retrospective study. High Alt Med Biol. 2007;8(3):213-24. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 5. Department of the Army, Headquarters. Physical Fitness Training FM 21-20. Washington (DC): US Government Printing Office; 1992. Cited Here... 6. Friedl KE, Westphal KA, Marchitelli LJ, Patton JF, Chumlea WC, Guo SS. Evaluation of anthropometric equations to assess body-composition changes in young women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;73:268-75. Cited Here... | PubMed 7. Hackett PH, Roach RC. High-altitude medicine. In: Auerback PS, editors. Wilderness Medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby; 2001. p. 2-43. Cited Here... 8. Harman EA, Rosenstein MT, Frykman PN, Rosenstein RM, Kraemer WJ. Estimation of human power output from vertical jump. J Appl Sport Sci Res. 1991;5:116-20. Cited Here... 9. Knapik JJ, Jones BH, Reynolds KL, Staab JS. Validity of self-assessed physical fitness. Am J Prev Med. 1992;8:367-72. Cited Here... | PubMed 10. Knapik JJ, Scott SJ, Sharp MA, et al. The basis for prescribed ability group run speeds and distances in U.S. Army basic combat training. Mil Med. 2006;171:669-77. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 11. Knapik JJ, Sharp MA, Canham ML, et al. Injury incidence and injury risk factors among U.S. Army basic trainees (including fitness training unit personnel, discharges, and newstarts). U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine; 1998. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: 1999; Technical Report 29-HE-8370-98. p. 1-113. Cited Here... 12. Kraemer WJ. General adaptations to resistance and endurance training programs. In: Baechle TR, editor. Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 1994. p. 127-50. Cited Here... 13. Markovic G, Dizdar D, Jukic I, Cardinale M. Reliability and factorial validity of squat and countermovement jump tests. J Strength Cond Res. 2004;18:551-5. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 14. McArdle WD, Katch FI, Katch VL. Exercise physiology: Energy, nutrition and human performance. Media, PA: Williams & Wilkins; 1996. p. 198-200. Cited Here... 15. McArdle WD, Katch FI, Katch VL. Exercise physiology: Energy, nutrition, and human performance. Media, PA: Williams and Wilkins. 1996. p. 395-402. Cited Here... 16. Sharp M. Job performance and injury rates of MOS 63B, light-wheeled vehicle mechanic as a function of physical fitness. Natick (MA): US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine; 2007. Technical Report T07-07. p. 1-78. Cited Here... 17. Sharp MA, Patton JF, Knapik JJ, et al. Comparison of the physical fitness of men and women entering the U.S. Army: 1978-1998. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34(2):356-63. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 18. Sharp MA, Patton JF, Mello RP, Smith T. Aerobic fitness of U.S. Army basic trainees: A 20 year comparison. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999;31(5 suppl):S230. Cited Here... 19. Sharp MA, Vogel JA. Maximal lifting capacity in military personnel. In: Kumar S. editor. Advances in Industrial Ergonomics and Safety IV. Washington (DC): Taylor & Francis; 1992. p. 1261-8. Cited Here... 20. Staron RS, Leonardi MJ, Karapondo DL, et al. Strength and skeletal muscle adaptations in heavy-resistance-trained women after detraining and retraining. J Appl Physiol. 1991;70:631-40. Cited Here... | PubMed 21. Stevenson JM, Bryant JT, French SL, Greenhorn DR, Andrew GM, Thomson JM. Dynamic analysis of isoinertial lifting technique. Ergonomics. 1990;33:161-72. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 22. Wyss T, Hubner K, Mader U. Seated shot put as a measurement of explosive upper body power. In: Hakkinen K, Kyolainen H, editors. International Congress on Soldiers' Physical Performance. Jyvaskyla (Finland): University of Jyvaskyla; 2005. p. 154. Cited Here... Keywords:AEROBIC FITNESS; MILITARY DEPLOYMENT; MUSCLE STRENGTH; MUSCLE POWER ©2008The American College of Sports Medicine


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Which projectile travels faster: BFG or Plasma gun?
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B is for beer / Tom Robbins.
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- ISBN: 9780061768651 (sound recording : OverDrive Audio Book)
- ISBN: 0061768650 (sound recording : OverDrive Audio Book)
- Publisher: [New York] : HarperAudio, 2009.
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|General Note:
| Downloadable audio file.
Title from: Title details screen.
Duration: 02:29:25.
|Participant or Performer Note:
| Read by Laura Silverman.
|Summary, etc.:
| Once upon a time (right about now) there was a planet (how about this one?) whose inhabitants consumed thirty-six billion gallons of beer each year (it's a fact, you can Google it). Among those affected, each in his or her own way, by all the bubbles, burps, and foam, was a smart, wide-eyed, adventurous kindergartner named Gracie; her distracted mommy; her insensitive dad; her non-conformist uncle; and a magical, butt-kicking intruder from a world within our world.
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| Requires OverDrive Media Console (WMA file size: 35787 KB; MP3 file size: 70164 KB).
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|Beer > Fiction.


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Soweto, South Africa's most famous township, and one of the most-visited places on the continent, now has its own tourist information centre, opened last week in the historic precinct of Kliptown. The centre – still being completed, but open for business (it's scheduled for completion this April) – is designed to be a one-stop information broker for tours and accommodation, as well as a hub for local tourism entrepreneurship, and boasts a curio shop and an internet cafe.
- Contact the Soweto Tourism and Information Centre (note: website and email forthcoming): +27 (0) 11 945 3111 / 214 0700
- Visit the Centre: Walter Sisulu Square of Dedication, cnr. Klip St. Valley Road & Union A, Kliptown, Soweto | Map
According to the city of Johannesburg, over 200,000 people visit Soweto annually, many seeking to connect with South Africa's freedom struggle on the very spot where it was amplified to the world. The most frequent stops include Hector Pieterson Memorial, and the Nelson Mandela Museum, in the former home of Nelson Mandela and his wife Winnie. Kliptown itself is the home of South Africa's famous Freedom Charter, which turned 50 years old last year. Other visitors simply want to see what a township looks like from the inside, and possibly catch a bit of urban African vibe at a restaurant like Wandi's. Either way, a trip to Soweto is popular as an eye-opener – hopefully, the new info center will help more Sowetans get in on the act.


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POSADAS, Argentina – I had almost forgotten that today was Labor Day – which is celebrated on May 1 here in Latin America, rather than in September. Here Labor Day, or Dia de los Trabajadores – Day of the Workers – is much more of a rallying event for the working class, a concept foreign to most Americans these days, even as our own labor movement seems to fade into the sunset.
At any rate, it's not Labor Day here, so I wished my family a happy holiday online and headed for the central plaza to find a bank to change my money. It was my first day in Argentina, having crossed the border from Paraguay last night. In any new city here in Latin America, the Plaza de Armas is always my first stop – or, as my host corrected me, the "centro," as it's called here in Argentina. Here in Posadas it's also known as the 9th of July Plaza – the day commemorating Argentine independence.
""Plaza de Armas' is so Latin American!" he teased me. "Argentines don't really think of themselves as Latin Americans."
"Of course you don't," I joked right back. "But naming your plazas and your streets for dates is so Latin American!"
"Really?" That stopped him.
So I headed down to the Centro, where the day's activities underscored what my host had told me. There in the center of the very Latin American 9th of July Plaza, under the palms and brightly blooming lapacho trees, a ceremony was taking place. A brass band was filling out the bandstand, a crowd filled out the space and several rows of immigration officers stood at attention as a woman spoke from the stage.
Wait – immigration officers?
"What's going on here?" I asked an official-looking man standing at the back of the crowd.
"It's a ceremony to honor the immigrants," he told me – and it was then that I saw his jersey was emblazoned with the insignia of the national immigration service. "Today is National Immigrant Day."
How appropriate, I thought, reflecting on the current situation for those who labor on our farms and in our sweatshops and meat-packing plants in jobs most U.S. citizens don't want. I tried to imagine a National Immigrant Day in the United States, and I was having a hard time of it.
I moved up to the front to get a better view, and an official-looking woman was reading a proclamation about what a gift the immigrant community had given to this country by making the decision to become citizens; they had shared their lives, their energy, and the colorful and rich tapestry of their various cultures and traditions, she was saying.
Standing behind her was a row of schoolchildren dressed in traditional costumes from different lands; a Paraguayan Guarani in red robes, a gaucho in white poncho and loose gaucho pants, a German in lederhosen, a Heidi-like Swiss girl with blonde braids.
Clearly the European cultures were more numerous than the indigenous ones – an accurate representation of Argentina's past, but not so accurate in terms of the contemporary scene, where hundreds of thousands, perhaps millions of undocumented Bolivian, Peruvian and Paraguayan immigrants toil in subhuman conditions – as do undocumented immigrants throughout the developed world.
Argentina is not known for its kindness to South American immigrants, any more than the United States is, and friends from Peru and Paraguay had shared harrowing stories with me about the treatment of their kin in Argentina. But like the United States, Argentina is a country of immigrants – and this was the most interesting acknowledgement of that fact that I'd ever seen.
I looked on as the dignitaries of the city called out the names of immigrants who had resided here for 50 years or more. The list went on and on as elders from Brazil, Paraguay, Spain, France, Eastern Europe and the Middle East stepped forward proudly, dressed in their most elegant dresses and most dapper suits, to receive their certificates and words of thanks from the city leaders for their years of service to their country.
The list went on and on. I went to change money at the bank and it was still going on when I came back. Camera crews were documenting the event; the band was playing a medley of styles from Bolivia, Paraguay, Spain and France.
I thought again of the immigrants in my own country who, amid a rising wave of suspicion and anti-immigrant sentiment, are being stopped and questioned, asked for their documents and sent back home by the busloads. Immigrants who have risked everything – their family's savings, and indeed their lives – to lay a claim to the American dream.
I thought of the 72 immigrants from all over Latin America whose bodies were recently found in the Mexican desert, slain by the Zetas, a particularly bloodthirsty mafia, for their refusal to serve as drug traffickers. A chilling reminder that the vast majority of our undocumented immigrants are not, in fact, criminals – just hardworking people who want a chance at a decent life.
Of course, the immigrants being honored here today were fine upstanding citizens – not the destitute and desperate refugees of an economic system that had failed them in so many ways that they were willing to play the Russian roulette of human trafficking.
Or were they?
A tiny Brazilian woman with stooped and shrunken frame made her way to the front with the help of a cane. The city officials towered over her as she reached up to take her certificate. I wondered: Were her documents in order as she came across the border in the 1950s or '60s? For that matter, were my great grandfather's documents when he came over to the United States from Germany a century before? He, like so many of today's much-maligned migrant population, was a poor dirt farmer fleeing economic crisis, with nothing to offer his new country but his labor. But it was his good fortune – and mine – to be born in a different place and time.
All that aside, these are tough times for the millions of legal, documented immigrants in both countries who face increasing scrutiny in the heightened mood of xenophobia that typically accompanies an economic downturn.
Tonight's news showed festive multicultural ceremonies all over the country, featuring folkloric dances, music and food from many countries. How I'd love to see this celebration play out on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial.
A day of pomp and circumstance can't take back the sting of an unjust economic system that leaves billions at the mercy of a cosmic lottery. But it can inspire a mood of reflection and recognition, something that is sorely lacking in our national dialog on this day of labor – and of immigrants.
Here are a few scenes from today's event in Plaza 9 de Julio, Posadas, Argentina.
Created with Admarket's flickrSLiDR.


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NARROWSBURG, N.Y (Sep. 7)
The question of developing a more positive identification with Judaism among American Jewish youth was one of the main problems discussed today at the first National Jewish Youth Conference, which is taking place here under the auspices of the Youth Planning Commission of the National Jewish Welfare Board.
Speakers at the conference, which is being attended by 200 delegates from 65 Jewish communities, today pointed out that Jewish youth must participate in campaigns to combat anti-Semitism both with education and legislation and that the progress of Jewish youth is interrelated with the democratic way of living. Some of the delegates reported that the following three developments have taken place in America since the establishment of Israel:
1. An encouragingly large number of Christians have become more sympathetic to the Jewish cause; 2. Many Jews in this country have developed a deeper sense of pride in themselves through pride in the people of Israel; and 3. Americans who had "borderline" attitude toward the Jewish people in the past, have since developed a deep respect for them because of what has happened in Israel.
Reporting that there are 300 Jewish Youth Councils in the United States today, A.N. Pins, chairman of the Planning Commission, told the delegates that these councils are the best media through which they can meet the issues facing Jewish youth in this country. They are given direct service by the Jewish Welfare Board in the form of aid in the development of program ideas and techniques, and in the form of consultation services, he said.


text:
The Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH), which founded Black History Month, took time to highlight and challenge the systematic disparities in Black education during its 91st annual Black History Month luncheon on February 26.
ASLALH national president Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham said that the theme of this year's luncheon, "The Crisis in Black Education," was particularly relevant considering Besty DeVos officially being named Secretary of Education. In addition, she noted that the continuing racial inequality in schools across the nation was more than enough cause for the 2017 theme.
"These problems are multiple and varied in nature," Higginbotham said of the many issues facing Black education across the nation. She went on to describe several of the countless issues plaguing Black children and educators alike in the U.S. today.
Howard University graduate student Lawrence Mayfield said that "zero-tolerance" policies, rather than discouraging rule-breaking in schools, "criminalize minor infractions" and often target Black students. Most athletes, including those in college, report that almost 50% of athletic performance has to do with mental factors. But criminalizing Black students is detrimental to mental well-being.
The annual luncheon was filled with inspirational speakers like Higginbotham and Mayfield, all of whom highlighted different challenges facing Black education and encouraged attendees to make a difference where they could. Similar events across the nation marked the end of Black History Month and sought to inspire change for the future.
"It's important we remember our history as we try to inspire and look forward to the future," Harrisburg, PA Mayor Eric Papenfuse said at one such event.
Another such event was hosted by University of Denver's Office of Diversity and Inclusion and featured a panel of five speakers discussing all of the varying factors currently affecting education for Black students.
Multiple speakers sought to answer the question of when the Black educational community hasn't been in crisis. The view of many people attending was that Black education has come to a standstill at a time when it's most important.
The benefits of diversity across all fields are becoming clearer as time goes on, especially in technology-based fields like computer science. In fact, without the innovations of many different people, technology may not work as it does today. Simple technologies like USB 3.0 cables, which are compatible with USB 2.0 devices, might not have even existed without the level of diversity in technology industries today.
Now, leaders in the community are urging others to stay informed and make effective decisions.
"We have to raise our consciousness if we want change," said Carter Andrews at the University of Denver Panel.


text:
Wednesday: Matt and I went for a 4-mile run. It was precious, besides the fact that I felt like I weighed 500 lbs.
Last night: Pumped some iron while watching some trashy quality TV.
Today: Treadmill-ing it up most likely with my Mix It Up workout.
Do you ever feel hungry after eating a banana?
I've never realized it until recently but…what the heck? Weirdest thing ever.
I decided to do a bit of research to figure out this nonsense. On Livestrong's website, I found the answer to my question. Here's what I got from it…
That's right…I made a graphic for this post.
Bananas are full of potassium, simple sugars, and amino acids, which is why they make such great recovery foods after a hard workout or run. HOWEVER, all these simple sugars spike your insulin levels, resulting in a crash in your blood sugar. Alas! You are now hungry.
For the average banana, there are 3g of fiber, which should actually suppress your appetite. Unfortunately, the boat loads of carbs go right through you, and the sugars confuse the heck out of your body. You just ate, but now you are hungry.
Simple enough, eh?
If you're curious, here's the nutrition facts for the average banana:
And now you just learned something. Either that or everyone knows this, and I live under a rock.
Questions for you:
Do you feel hungry after eating bananas? What about other fruit?
What's your favorite way to eat bananas? Straight up? In oatmeal? On your pizza? I'm all about the Peanut Butter Banana Oatmeal.
What exciting things are you doing for your father on Sunday for Father's Day? (You're welcome for reminding you.)


text:
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posted on 19 June 2016
How Elliott Waves Tell You When To "Jump In" When To "Jump Out"
from Elliott Wave International
Jeffrey Kennedy, the editor of our Trader'' Classroom service, talks about some of the easy techniques to help you spot high-confidence trade opportunities.
Take a listen -- and see if you can adapt his methods.
Econintersect Contributors
This Web Page by Steven Hansen ---- Copyright 2010 - 2018 Econintersect LLC - all rights reserved


text:
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(4 steps sounds better, but we couldn't come up with a 4th step)
Log in and upload
Tax day will be here soon.
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Their prices are super reasonable too, we'll definitely be back next year and I'm recommending them to all my freelance friends.
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Just thinking about my taxes makes me want to cry. Rus is great. He gets it done, and it's painless.
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For a lot of us working today, we were pursuing our dreams and ended up becoming businesses, but we don't want to spend our lives dealing with the gray areas of finances. That's not the dream.
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Whether it's financial planning, back taxes, setting up an LLC, or just organizing so you're not freaking out all the time, Brass Taxes can help.


text:
It is our pleasure to introduce and invite you to our campus. We are here to provide and assist in making possible a wonderful experience for you and your group.
Trinity Pines beautiful lakefront campus and facilities are located just two hours north of Houston. Our staff would welcome the opportunity of hosting you, whether your stay is for a few hours or a few days.
Our campus is open year round and welcomes individuals as well as ministry groups of all sizes, from one to seven hundred. All nations and people groups are welcome and encouraged to experience the Christ-centered, spiritual setting of Trinity Pines.
About Trinity Pines
We exist to welcome guests from all nations to experience God in a Christ-centered spiritual setting, so that they may know Him better.
Retreats and Summer Camps
With 500 acres, 800 bed spaces, and multiple options for facilities and meeting spaces, Trinity Pines Conference Center is a beautiful location for your next retreat, conference, or camp.


text:
which givesCode:\iiiint\!\!\!\int dx\,dy\,dz\,dt\,du
Also, note the use of the \, spacer. I don't think I have ever seen you use it, but it will make your integrals a bit nicer by putting space between the integrand and the variable of integration. e.g.
Instead of , you'd get .
I found this really old post on comp.text.tex by Donald Arseneau that provides a method to get it to look right, but I do not think these forums have the right packages.
Code:\mathop{\int\mkern-20.8mu \circlearrowleft}\nolimits_C {{\mathbf{F}} \cdot d{\mathbf{r}}} = \iint\limits_R {{\text{curl}} \,{\mathbf{F}} \cdot {\mathbf{k}}\,dA}
You probably don't see the arrow because the arrow is at the top of the circle:
...The integral sign blocks it...


text:
Chapter 3
Servicing Mom, Dad, and Brother
Lisa was semi-conscious as her brother and dad grabbed her. She felt her brother hold her by her tits while her dad undid the chains that held her legs apart. Once that was done, he roughly removed the dildo that was embedded in her used pussy. Her dad then went to the wall where the rope was tied off that was keeping the rubber noose around her neck so tight. Her dad then lowered the rope, and with the help of Lisa's brother's hands, she was quickly on her knees. Her dad then tightened the rope again and re secured it to the hook in the wall. Lisa was struggling to breathe again. She wanted to stand up but knew if she did, there would be hell to pay.
"Open your legs whore," she heard Tim say as he kicked her knees apart. Lisa was now further down and the noose was cutting off her air even more.
Tim and her dad each took rope and tied it around each of her legs, right above the knee, and pulled hard. Lisa moaned and gasped as her legs moved apart even further. They then proceeded to tie each rope to hooks in the floor. Lisa was now immobile again. She was on her knees, her hands and arms still chained behind her back, the noose pulling her neck upward cutting her air flow, and her legs spread further than she could imagine. She could feel her pussy lips open as she felt the somewhat cooler air seep in her hole. The insides of Lisa's legs started to burn, aching to be released from this predicament.
"Why don't my boys go upstairs and change into something more comfortable." Lisa's mom said as she grabbed a few things from the shelf behind her. "I'll handle this whore until both of you return."
"That sounds great honey," Bob said, "Come on son, lets get out of these clothes and into our robes."
"Ok dad," Tim responded as he bent over and looked at his naked sister. "I hope you like cock whore," Tim whispered in Lisa's ear, "cause I'm going to shove my 10 inch dick down your throat until you beg me to cum in your mouth."
Lisa stared at her brother through sweat stinging eyes. She did not know what to say, so she said nothing. She watched him laugh as he made his way up the stairs to the normal world above.
Lisa's mom had a bag in her hand; Lisa stared at it, wondering what was in it and how it was going to hurt her. Lisa's mom approached her and knelt down in front of her. Her face came within inches of Lisa's before she spoke.
"I've been waiting for this for a long time." She said as she stared at Lisa with hate and disgust. "I've wanted to hurt you since the day you were born."
Lisa's heart crushed. She could not help herself, she started crying furiously. She gasped for air as tears flowed from her bloodshot eyes. Lisa did want to become a slave, but it was just fantasy. She did not want to be hated by her family. Her home used to be her refuge, now it was her prison.
Her mom smiled an evil grin and continued to speak. "I hope you enjoy being naked, humiliated, fucked and beaten in front of people because I have a wonderful 15 months planned for us. Every one of your relatives, from your grandmother and grandfather, to your little cousins, are going to come over and see their stuck up granddaughter and cousin get her ass beat in front of them all. As a matter of fact, they are all anxious to participate in humiliating you. They've all sworn to secrecy; it seems you're hated by more than just me."
Lisa could not believe her ears. All of her family was going to participate in debasing her and turning her into nothing but a true sex slave.
Lisa's mom took her right hand and started fingering her daughter.
"My you are so wet you filthy slut. You're going to love these next 15 months aren't you?"
Lisa looked at her mom, ashamed, yet rocking her hips in rhythm with her mom's fingers. Lisa's face turned red again, in shame and embarrassment. This was her final turning point; Lisa had finally submitted one hundred percent. She had accepted her fate as the family sex slave. Lisa got off on knowing her mom hated her, and was fingering her baby's pussy. She got off on knowing that her whole family never really liked her, and they all want to see her suffer humiliatingly in front of them all naked and bound. Lisa loved pain and pleasure and was now going to do whatever it took to make sure it was dealt to her with hatred and passion from all of her family, especially her mom.
Lisa looked at her mom and with a raspy voice broke the silence. "Do what you want with me you fat bitch. The only reason I'm in this position right now is because you can't satisfy daddy like I can. He wants me more than you and you know it. He's finally fulfilling his fantasy by fucking his daughter, not his worn out wife."
Lisa was staring at her mom with defiance. She knew that would get her the response she was looking for. Barbara stared at her bound daughter in disbelief, which was then replaced by blind anger. She stopped fingering her daughter and stood up. She stepped back and with everything she had she Kicked Lisa right in her hairy pussy. Lisa screamed and shook as the shockwaves of pain shot thru her body. Sweat and pussy juice flew everywhere as Lisa convulsed in pain. Barbara kicked Lisa five times. Lisa shook, trying to break free from her bondage but it was no use. Her pussy was open game for her mom's wrath. Her big tits swayed and her curly red hair flew as each wave of pain engulfed her body. Even though the pain was so intense, Lisa screamed as an orgasm hit her. It was so intense she peed on the floor below her.
The barrage on her open pussy stopped as her mom walked over to the wall.
"So bitch, you dare talk back to me! I'll make you wish you were never born long before these 15 months are up!"
Barbara undid the rope holding the noose around Lisa's neck. She reached up as far as she could and pulled down on the rope with all her might and weight. The rubber noose stretched, along with Lisa's neck. It was pulled so tight, the only thing holding Lisa to the ground was the ropes tied around her knees that were attached to the floor. Lisa gasped, gurgled and squirmed as practically all air ceased from flowing into and out of her lungs. Her face turned red, almost purple, as her mom tightened the rope back to the wall, not remotely thinking about giving her some slack.
Barbara walked up to Lisa, grabbed her by her red hair and pulled back. This forced Lisa's head upward to where she was looking at her mom's face above her.
"Open your mouth bitch." Barbara said.
Lisa was about to pass out but obeyed her mom as quick as she could.
Barbara spit on her bound daughter. Saliva landed in Lisa's mouth and on her chin. Barbara kept spitting, making Lisa's face wet with not only her sweat but her mom's spit. Lisa gagged as spit got in her eyes and slid down her throat. It was so much, she felt it slide down her huge breasts and felt it trickle thru her pussy hair.
Once her mom's mouth was dry, she started slapping Lisa's face as hard as she could. She backhanded Lisa with all of her might. Lisa's face and hair violently flew to the left. Then she slapped her again, bringing Lisa's red face to the right. Lisa grunted as the slaps got harder. She had her curly hair in her eyes and could not see what was going to happen next. She was slapped in the face, kicked in her pussy, and punched in her stomach, all repeatedly for a few minutes. Once the attack was over, Lisa was gasping to stay alive. Not knowing where her mom was at shot fear in her stomach.
She felt the noose loosen just a little, at least putting her where she was before her mom started her beating. She then felt her mom behind her. She was kneeling like Lisa, Taking all of her once beautiful red hair out of her eyes and wrapping it in her left hand. As her mom grabbed her hair, sweat dripped from it and rolled down her back. Lisa could now see again and could feel her mom's breathing caressing her stretched neck. Barbara pulled Lisa's hair back and whispered in her ear.
"That was just a sample of what is in store for you. I hope you enjoyed it. Now, in just a minute, your brother and dad are coming in to give you the fucking of a lifetime. You're going to ride your dad while your brother is going to shove his cock down your throat. I want you to know, once they cum in your worthless pussy and mouth; I'm going to whip you for 15 minutes. I promise I will not spare any part of your body. And once I'm done, we're gonna put you in a position just suitable for you to be fucked by Brutus. That mastiff has been waiting along time to fuck his new pet." Barbara smiled at her daughter. "What do you think of your new life so far? Is it what you thought, or are you in over your head?"
Lisa looked up at her mom, moved her hips back, started rubbing her mom's stomach with her round ass and said, "I love my new life, and I will fuck anything you want, in front of anyone you choose."
Lisa licked her lips and continued, "Mommy, you raised a whore, and I must be punished and used any way you see fit."
Barbara looked at her daughter, and for a moment, felt pity.
"Stick out your tongue whore." Barbara said as she ran her right hand thru Lisa's pubes to her waiting pussy. Lisa immediately obeyed by opening her mouth and sticking her red tongue out as far as she could. Lisa grinded as her mom started fingering her again. Barbara lowered her lips to Lisa's and they started kissing passionately. Lisa's groans were muffled as mother and daughter locked in a moist, long kiss. As Barbara's affection faded, and Lisa became closer to cumming, Lisa's tongue was caught between her mom's teeth; Barbara bit down, not penetrating Lisa's tongue, but holding it firmly in her mouth. As pain shot thru Lisa, she violently came on her mom's hand. Just as Lisa finished cumming, the door opened and her dad and brother came walking down the stairs. Both were in robes that were open for all to see. They both had stiff cocks and were eager to fuck their new bondage toy.
Lisa's mom let go of her daughter and walked around to greet her husband and son. As they disrobed, Barbara revealed what was in the bag in front of Lisa. It was a huge strap-on dildo that Lisa knew was going in her tight ass. Barbara stripped naked in front of her husband and son and began to strap the dildo in place. She smiled at Lisa as she was preparing the dildo.
"Oh yea, I forgot to tell you slave, I'm going to fuck you're little asshole while my husband and son fuck you're other pitiful holes."
Lisa's dad went up to Lisa. His cock was at least 9 inches and his nut sack was huge. He was a dark haired man that had plenty of hair all over his body. His pubic hair around his cock and on his balls was just as thick as the hair on his head. His cock was so close to Lisa's face she could smell it.
"Look up at me whore," she heard her dad say. She looked up at her dad, for the first time in her life she saw him naked. She did not have to stare long, her dad grabbed her by the back of her head and he forced his thick cock in Lisa's mouth.
"Suck it good slave, make me hard so I can fuck you properly."
Her dad shoved his dick all the way down her throat. All Lisa could see was black cock hair and all she could smell was her daddy's dick. She felt his balls bounce off of her chin as he started thrusting his cock in and out of Lisa's mouth. It did not take her daddy long to have a full hard on.
He pulled his slobber covered penis out of Lisa's mouth and began to get in position to fuck his daughter. He laid on the ground perpendicular to his little girl. He then inched his way between her legs until his cock was touching Lisa's stomach. Then without notice, Tim grabbed Lisa by the pubic hair and pulled upward. Lisa screamed as her body raised just enough for her dad to maneuver his cock in her wet pussy.
Lisa moaned with unexpected ecstasy as she was lowered unto her daddy's cock. With her dad underneath her and his cock embedded in her pussy, Lisa did not have to be told what to do. She started grinding her pussy on her dad's cock. She could not move much due to her bondage, but what she could move, she was moving as best she could.
Her dad squeezed her huge tits and pulled her pubic hair while her mom got set up behind her. She could feel her mom's breasts touch her back which meant she was about to be invaded shortly.
"Hold her still Bob," Barbara said, "I'm about to penetrate this bitch."
Bob grabbed Lisa's tits and clamped down, stopping Lisa's motion. Lisa squeaked as she waited for her mom. Barbara grabbed the back of Lisa's hair, pulled hard, and positioned the flesh colored cock at Lisa's anus. She spit on the dildo and shoved it in her daughter's ass. Lisa screamed from the invasion. Her mom did not stop pushing until the whole cock was deep in her daughter's bowels. As Lisa breathed heavy, she felt her mom grab her long red hair once again.
"I'm going to help you suck your brother off. I'm going to make sure you take all of his cock in, and I'm going to make sure you choke on it!" her mom yelled as she motioned for Tim to step forward.
Tim was a little embarrassed having to straddle his dad to get to Lisa and having his mom right there looking at his hard dick. He could not believe that his sister was naked, tied and right now being fucked by his mom and dad. He could not believe that after all these years of wanting to fuck his sister, his dream was about to come true. She was there below him, gasping for air, filled with cock and dildo, her head held in position by her once loving mom, waiting for him to shove his cock in her throat.
"Come on fuck slut," Tim heard his mom say, "tell your brother you want him to shove his cock down your throat. Tell your brother you want to choke on his cum! Tell him!"
Lisa looked up at her brother. He was a big young man for his age, and his cock was big like him. It had to be 10 inches and was covered with red pubic hair, just like her mom and herself. Lisa looked at her brother and managed to speak.
"Please master, shove your cock in my mouth, and make me choke until you cum down my throat." Lisa opened her mouth, waiting for her brother's cock.
Tim did not hesitate; he put the tip of his enormous cock in Lisa's mouth and shoved deep. Within a second Lisa's nose was buried in her brother's pubic hair. Her eyes watered as little air was getting in her lungs.
Now that everyone was having a piece of Lisa, she was told to perform.
"Alright whore," her mom said, "start grinding and sucking like your life depends on it!"
Lisa obeyed her mom and started fucking her dad, her mom's dildo, and started sucking her brother's cock. As she grinded she could feel her dad's cock get hard again. She could feel her mom thrust her strap-on in her ass and could feel the force at which she propelled her face unto Tim's cock. Lisa finally worked out a rhythm that made fucking and sucking all three a little bit easier.
Lisa could not help herself. She had orgasm after orgasm. She could not control her urges anymore. She could feel her dad's cock, feel his hands all over her body, sometimes caressing, sometimes pinching. Her mom's body was touching hers; their breathing almost simultaneous. Her mom had one hand shoving Lisa's face into Tim while the other was pulling Lisa's hair like she was a mule being told where to go by its master. She was looking up at Tim, submitting to anything he wanted to do to her. Tim was responding by spitting on her face and forcing his cock as far as he could down her sore throat. This went on and on until finally Bob and Tim started cumming.
Bob grabbed Lisa's pubic hair and made her grind faster and Tim grabbed Lisa's wet head and shoved his cock down Lisa's throat and kept it there. Both grunted at the same time and Lisa could feel cum shoot up her pussy and down her throat. Lisa, not being able to control herself, came with the rest of the family. She shook violently as her mom never let up pounding her stretched asshole.
When it was all said and done, everyone was exhausted. Tim let go of his sister's head and pulled his limp cock out of her mouth. Lisa's dad sat up and slid out from underneath his daughter and managed to make it to a chair that was against the wall to rest. Lisa could feel her mom pull the still erect dildo out from her anus. Lisa knew she had to stink. She had been sweating all morning, and she just got cummed on by her dad and brother; not to mention that her ass was just fucked without her being given an enema beforehand.
Lisa's body was aching so bad she was about to start crying. Her arms had been in the same position, tied behind her back, and her legs were still stretched wide. Lisa was about to beg for her to be momentarily released from her binds when her mom came to the front of her with three whips.
"I told you bitch, you were going to be whipped for 15 minutes as soon as your dad and brother came in your worthless holes." Barbara gave Tim and Bob each a whip. They stood up wearily but each took their place around the helpless victim. Lisa begged for them not to beat her.
"Please mom, dad, Tim, please let me rest. Please, let me rest and then ya'll can do what you want with me, please!!!"
Her pleas fell on deaf ears. Her mom stepped behind her and started whipping her backside. Lisa screamed as the leather strap marked her body. Tim was standing to her left and started whipping her huge tits and stomach. Lisa screamed again.
"Tim please, stop! I'll do anything, just please let me rest!"
Tim smiled as he continued to whip his sister's front side. Then her dad, who was standing right in front of her, started whipping the inside of her legs, her pussy and asshole. Lisa again screamed and tried to wiggle and move, trying her best to get away from the leather hitting her body.
Tim saw how Lisa was moving and he started getting hard again. Seeing his sister tied and wiggling, having her huge breasts whipped while she could do nothing was turning him on.
Lisa was feeling pain everywhere, her face, back, butt, tits, pussy, legs, all were getting beaten. The pain was enormous. Lisa could not believe her body was betraying her. Her nipples started getting hard and her pussy started flowing again. For 15 minutes the striking went on till finally the beating stopped. Lisa was crying, exhausted and embarrassed. She was humiliated because she had came 10 times during her beating.
Bob loosened the noose around Lisa's neck, Tim undid the ropes around her legs and Barbara unhooked Lisa's wrists from behind her back. Lisa collapsed on the floor below, lying in sweat and cum, not caring at all.
As her family looked over her, the door bell rang.
"Ah, that must be the rest of the family. They finally made it." Lisa's dad said as they all started getting dressed again.
"Well that's good," Barbara said, "They can now all witness our lovely daughter being tied and fucked by Brutus. That should really give this whore an idea where she stands in this family." They all laughed as they made there way upstairs.
Lisa rested her weary body. She had marks all over, no place was spared. She laid there half conscious, wondering exactly who was fixing to come down and see her in this state. Then she started thinking about being tied up again and being fucked by her once pet Brutus, who was every bit of 150 lbs. As she started imagining how it would feel, her pussy started getting wet again. Even though she needed the rest, she was anxiously waiting for that door from the normal world, to open up once again.


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Blackphone Enters the Smartphone Crypto-Wars
By David Román
MADRID—A small communications firm here has joined forces with an encryption services outfit in D.C. to join the smartphone crypto-wars.
Madrid-based Geeksphone, which bills itself as an open source mobile telephony developer, and Washington-based Silent Circle said Wednesday they've teamed up to build an Android-powered smartphone–the "Blackphone"–aimed specifically at providing users with privacy protection. The venture plans to unveil the phone at next month's Mobile World Congress in Barcelona.
It's the latest device aimed at privacy and security-conscious consumers in Europe in the post-Edward Snowden era.
The phone will run off an open-source, security-oriented Android-powered operating system, called PrivateOS.
Silent Circle rose to some prominence when it shut down its email encryption service, following a similar move by Lavabit, the secure email server that Mr. Snowden famously used. Silent Circle said at the time it wasn't able to enforce its promised privacy amid U.S. surveillance efforts.
A Geeksphone spokesman declined to answer follow-up questions about the phone, saying more information will be provided next month. The company said the Blackphone will be available for pre-orders from February 24, but it has no delivery date yet.


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(2004; 12 pages)
WHO Pharmaceuticals Newsletter 2004, No. 03
In addition to the usual updates on recent drug safety and regulatory information for medicines, this issue of the newsletter features an article summarizing the decisions regarding the use of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) -antidepressants in children. Most of these products appear to have a negative benefit-risk balance when used in treating major depressive disorder (MDD) in children.
HIV/AIDS was one of the key health issues that figured in the discussions of the recently concluded Fifty-seventh World Health Assembly (WHA) in Geneva. Through Resolution WHA57.14 on HIV/AIDS (http://www.who.int/gb), the WHA requested the Director-General to strengthen the WHO prequalification project managed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for pharmaceutical and diagnostic products to diagnose, treat and manage HIV/AIDS and urged Member States to make best use of WHO's list of prequalified antiretroviral drugs that meet international quality standards (see http://mednet3.who.int/prequal for key facts on the WHO prequalification project).
With the global focus on treating HIV, and consistent with WHO's 3 by 5 initiative to provide treatment to three million HIV patients by the year 2005, it is timely that a training course will be held in September 2004 in South Africa to encourage the integration of pharmacovigilance for antiretrovirals in some sub-Saharan African countries. Details of this course as well as the complete course material will be made available on the website of the Department of Essential Drugs and Medicines Policy (EDM) http://www.who.int/medicines at a later date, after the course.


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Hi Everyone,
I using php website and I want a mobile version of the same site. But I have an question can I use another platform for mobile website or should I use php website for mobile?
Printable View
Hi Everyone,
I using php website and I want a mobile version of the same site. But I have an question can I use another platform for mobile website or should I use php website for mobile?
Unless you want to support sub 240px screen widths, it should be possible to have just one site that is responsive to the differing screen sizes. I use media-specific stylesheets to achieve the responsiveness, because I find them simpler to build and maintain than media queries. Trying to understand 6 months later exactly which @media is responsible for a particular behavior can be a nightmare!!!
Instead of making a new mobile version of you website make the website itself responsive. Now most of the people design the website in such a way that they can we visible to all device without hassale even in small screen. Use media css property and other resposnvie property to tacle your webiste while keep server script in PHp itself.
You mean I do not need to make mobile. My desktop website can work for mobile version.
You can go with responsive web design so that in tablet also your website gets correct visibility.
Thanks for reply.
Thanks for a great suggestion. I appreciate you for your reply.
You just needs to make your website responsive for that. use Bootstrap or media queries for that.
I think you can use another platform for mobile website.
I highly recommend a responsive site with bootstrap, there are even many themes available out here now. It's a no-brainer!
Hello to all friends thanks for your suggestions and I would like to update you that from last 12 years we are leading web development agency and also design and develop mobile based websites,if you need any help then we help you. Thanks
Agree, mobile versions are dying it makes more sense to develop responsive.
Yes, No need to use another platform for this.


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On June 10th – 13th CrossFit Fury will be competing in possibly the toughest competition we have ever experienced and we attempting to earn one of three Affiliate Team spots to the CrossFit Games. In Denver Colorado you will be represented by these six athletes while they fight for every last rep, pound, and second for us!
An official Affiliate Team is comprised of three men and three women and most of the workouts are only two men and two women. This format allows for interchanging athletes based on strengths and weaknesses and our job is to choose the individuals who we think will do the best, at workouts and formats that are completely unknown… With this in mind and the unknown ahead let us recognize Britney, Aimee, Katie Jo, Will, TJ, and Gareth for what they are taking on.
If it takes skills, ability and technique Britney and TJ will show us how its done. Both competed on the Affiliate Team in 2009 at the Games and in 2010 at the Southwest Regional Qualifiers. In addition to this experience, they have won multiple local competitions, and have been CrossFitting since the start of this all. These two have the skills and experience to finish wods that most would DNF.
If we need to get some work done Aimee and Will answer the call. They are new to The CrossFit Games but not to competitions and kicking ass. These two have trained like no other this past year, and it shows. They both hold many of the gym PR's they have placed high in all local competitions they attend. These two have the strength and ability to finish any wod before most everyone else…
Finally if we need to get somewhere and get there fast, we are fortunate to have Gareth and Katie on the team. Both of whom are new to the gym and CrossFit overall but they have quickly let it be known they are serious about being the best they can be and they have the performances to show.
We are in a difficult region but so is everyone else, luckily we are a very strong gym. I am confident in our teams ability to handle the widest variety of workouts possible, and perform at the top across it all. Good luck to our team members and lets show them our support over the next few weeks of training.
Finally I cannot forget and probably should have started the post with the thank you to everyone who has helped us through our training in the weeks, months and years leading up to this. Any time you push hard, lift more, or jump higher you keep us motivated by challenging and quite often beating us. Please continue being the way you are so that all of us will be better and we will have an even better year ahead of us.


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This will reach into your heart and give you all the feels.
15 Absolutely Adorable Photos of "Pre-K Prom"
He doesn't exactly have Princess Diana's natural dancing skills, but she would certainly be proud of his time spent in the Armed Forces and the way he and Kate are raising Prince George and Princess Charlotte. (Oh, and if you don't you don't get emotional over #5 on this list, we can't be entirely sure that you're human.)More
Kate Middleton wears the same sapphire ring with a diamond halo that Diana picked out more than 30 years ago.
Diana never hesitated to sit, chat and cuddle with kids, and William has also officially designated the needs of children as one of his charitable focuses.
13 Parenting Tricks You'll Wish You Thought Of


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Around the Farm: August 28, 2012
Around the Farm takes a quick look at some of yesterday's performances by Indians prospects throughout the system. The positions listed below are where the player was playing in yesterday's game.
Jesus Aguilar: 1B, Akron Aeros: 2-for-3, 1 2B:
The numbers continue to improve for Akron's hulking first baseman. No, he has not destroyed the ball since his promotion as most of us had hoped but his line sits at .231/.349/.462. Out of his 12 hits, eight have gone for extra bases, and Aguilar has also consistently been on base since getting the call to Double-A. Though it's a very small sample size, Aguilar's ISO of .224 is a marked improvement from the .177 posted with Carolina, so that may suggest that the Carolina field was not a good fit for the right-handed hitting Aguilar; IPI co-editor Jim Pete has mentioned that he watched Aguilar miss out on a handful of near-homers that were off the wall. With the season's end just days away, Aguilar's performance at the plate will be something to keep an eye on. He seems to finally be settling in at Akron, so how will he finish down the stretch? So far, it looks to be pretty good.
Brett Brach: SP, Akron: (W, 4-7), 7 IP, 2 H, 3 BB, 4 K:
Plain and simple, Tuesday may have been the best professional performance in Brach's career. It's tough to say what really happened, but the right-hander has been dominant as of late, allowing just three runs in his past 20 1/3 innings of work. Brach had worked earlier in the year in a piggyback role, but he seems to have flourished since the Aeros have started allowing him to pitch deeper into games. His season ERA now sits at 3.90, and Brach has really performed well at every stop in the minors. With a fastball that tops out in the low 90s, Brach's future as a Major Leaguer may be unlikely, but he's made positive strides this season. Still, he walks far too any batters (3.5 BB/9), and that number will have to decrease significantly if he is to continue to get by his average stuff.
- Jared Goedert: DH, Columbus Clippers: 1-for-3, 1 R, 1 HR, 2 RBI 1 BB: Goedert's numbers have dipped quite a bit as of late as the right-handed hitter owns just a .211 in his last 10 games. But on Tuesday, Goedert hit his 19th total home run of the year. Hopefully, he is able to end the minor league season on a high note and perhaps join the big league club in September.
- Vinny Rottino: RF, Columbus: 3-for-4, 1 R: At 32 years of age, Rottino is essentially the definition of a minor league lifer, but at least he's doing a pretty good job at it. In 54 games with the Clippers, Rottino has a .306 average.
- Juan Diaz: SS, Columbus: 2-for-4, 1 2B, 1 K: Many are starting to look at Diaz as a future Major League option, at least in the short term, and it's easy to see why. His defense has always been spectacular, but his bat may finally be catching up. In 13 games since being promoted to the Clippers, Diaz has hit .306. Not too shabby, and let's not forget about his sudden power surge as Diaz has hit 13 home runs this season despite never hitting more than nine in a previous season.
- Eric Berger: SP, Columbus: 5 1/3 IP, 3 H, 0 R, 2 BB, 6 K: Berger rebounded nicely from his previous outing in which he allowed six earned runs in just 2 2/3 innings pitched. The left-hander is likely no more than organizational depth, but he has posted good strikeout totals at 8 K/9.
- Scott Barnes: Closer, Columbus: (S, 2), 1 IP: Barnes notched his second save of the season by pitching a perfect inning. With the season set to end in just a few days, it will be interesting to see if Barnes is back in Cleveland come September.
- Josh Judy: RP, Louisville Bats: 2/3 IP: Remember this guy? It was not long ago when he was one of the more popular relief prospects in the Indians system before he was designated for assignment and claimed by the Reds in December. His numbers have taken quite the hit in his new home. In 39 games with the Bats, Judy has a 6.96 ERA. Not being a follower of the team, it's hard to tell what happened as the numbers are basically a 180-degree difference from the 3.12 and 2.68 ERAs he posted with the Clippers in 2011 and 2010, respectively.
- Jordan Henry: RF, Akron: 2-for-5, 2 RBI, 1 K: Henry drove in two of the Aeros' three runs Tuesday, and the left-handing hitter has really been heating up as of late. In his last 10 games, Henry has hit .343, and he is currently settling in with a nice four-game hit streak.
- Thomas Neal: LF, Akron: 1-for-5, 1 2B, 1 K: Neal moves his hit streak to eight games and recorded his 24th double in the process.
- Adam Abraham: 3B, Akron: 2-for-3, 1 RBI, 1 BB: The former 13th round pick collected two hits for the Aeros Tuesday and has quietly put together a productive season. Abraham has hit at least 13 home runs in each of the past three seasons and could be on pace to open next season at Triple-A. At best, however, the right-handed hitter would be described as organizational depth as he is a below-average defender with just an average bat at this point.
- Preston Guilmet: Closer, Akron: (S, 24), 1 IP, 1 H, 1 R/ER, 1 BB, 1 K: Guilmet did allow one run, but he also notched his 24th save of the season. Even with the one run, his season ERA sits at 2.31.
- Ronny Rodriguez: 2B, Carolina Mudcats: 1-for-4, 1 R, 1 HR, 1 RBI: It's hard not be excited about this one. Rodriguez launched his 19th home run of the 2012 campaign Tuesday. Remember that he is still only 20-years-old, so by no means is it inconceivable to believe that he won't still add more power as he matures. Already, his power surge from last year has been impressive (11 home runs in 394 PA compared to 19 home runs in 463 PA this season).
- Delvi Cid: CF, Carolina: 2-for-4, 1 K, 2 CS: I'm probably more excited about Cid than others primarily because I like a player who provides speed on the base paths, and Cid can certainly do that. Though this proved to be his weakness Tuesday as he was caught stealing for ninth and tenth time this season.
- Giovanny Urshela: 3B, Carolina: 3-for-4, 1 2B: Urshela recorded his 29th double Tuesday. Urshela has been somewhat of a surprise this year as he's hit 12 home runs to go along with a .281 average and an ISO of .159. His defensive play has always gotten high reviews, but his bat has also made some noise this year. Much like Rodriguez, Urshela is an intriguing candidate to start next season at Akron.
- Josh Martin: RP, Carolina: 1 1/3 IP, 1 H, 1 R/ER, 1 HR: Martin makes his debut since being promoted from Mahoning Valley. All in all, it was a pretty solid debut as the only hit and run he allowed came on a solo shot.
- Jose Ramirez: 2B, Lake County Captains: 3-for-5, 2 R, 1 HR, 1 RBI: Ramirez's brilliant 2012 campaign continues. The switch-hitter tallied his third home run and raised his average to .345. His play and value has been compared to that of Ezequiel Carrera, which may leave something to be desired. However, the fact that he is an infielder with such a skill set still makes him an intriguing one to watch.
- Jordan Smith: DH, Lake County: 3-for-5, 1 R: Smith has become more and more popular as of late, and it's easy to see why. On Tuesday, he recorded three more hits and his season line sits at .317/.366/.461.
- Alex Lavisky: C, Lake County: 2-for-2, 1 R, 1 HR, 3 RBI, 2 BB: Lavisky had about as perfect of a game as you could imagine. Slowly but surely, the Lakewood native seems to be heating up as he's now posted a .273 average in his last 10 games.
- Elvis Araujo: SP, Lake County: 7 IP, 5 H, 4 R/ER, 2 BB, 7 K, 2 HR: The long ball was a problem for Araujo Tuesday, but all in all, it was a pretty productive start, especially considering where he was just a few months ago when he seemed to get rocked start after start. At least he was able to provide some length and post excellent strikeout numbers. The long bombs are also not concerning as it was only the sixth and seventh home runs that the left-hander has allowed this year.
- Cody Penny: RP, Lake County: (BS, 1), (L, 2-1), 1 IP, 2 H, 2 R/ER, 2 BB, 1 K: After five straight scoreless outings, the right-hander finally gives up some runs.
- Joseph Wendle: 2B, Mahoning Valley Scrappers: Game 1: 2-for-3, 1 R, 1 2B, 1 RBI: One of the best surprises of the 2012 draft has been Wendle, the Indians' sixth round selection. The former PSAC star is clearly an advanced hitter and has posted a .320/.363./.464 line. He's a player who will be interesting to watch as he advances through each stop in the system as he's clearly already figured out the New York-Penn League.
- Dorssys Paulino: SS, Mahoning Valley: Game 1: 2-for-3, 1 RBI: Paulino seems to have found his groove now. In eight games, the 17-year-old now has 10 hits. I dunno about you, but I'll take that ratio any day.
- Jake Sisco: SP, Mahoning Valley: Game 1: 4 IP, 6 H, 6 R/ER, 1 HR, 2 BB, 3 K: One step forward. Two steps backward. After allowing just three total runs in his last 14 innings, Sisco got rocked Tuesday. The young right-hander was unable to even make it through five innings. It's a disheartening sign for a pitcher that many of us have been very excited about dating back to last season.
- Luis Encarnacion: RP, Mahoning Valley: Game 1: 1 IP, 3 BB, 1 K, 2 WP: Talk about living dangerously. Encarnacion managed to walk three batters and throw two wild pitches without allowing a run. That's the type of tightrope act I'd love to see some of our Major League pitchers learn.
- Dorssys Paulino: SS, Mahoning Valley: Game 2: 1-for-3: The Scrappers had just five total hits in their 1-0 loss against Batavia, but you knew that one of the hits had to belong to Paulino.
- Luis DeJesus: SP, Mahoning Valley: Game 2: (L, 4-2), 7 IP, 4 H, 1 R/ER, 1 BB, 5 K, 1 HR: DeJesus was as good as they come in the second game of Tuesday's doubleheader, but he unfortunately was saddled with the loss. In 13 starts with the Scrappers, DeJesus has a 1.93 ERA.
Steve can be reached via email at firstname.lastname@example.com.
User Comments
Your points on Fedroff and Goedert interest me. Fedroff can actually defend a position (LF) and has a bat stoke that could play in the MLs from what I see. Unfortunately, he is entirely unsuitable as a 4th OF. His future might be tied to Choo for next year. This team needs real players, not prospects IMO. They have to get a serviceable ML 1B in the return if they trade Choo. Then Fedroff has a shot in LF if the Indians can pick up a RH bat for RF. Goedert is a different story IMO. His particular batting stroke reminds me more of Canzler and LaPorta which is overly long and too slow to handle ML breaking pitches/offspeed stuff. He really cannot defend anywhere so he is limited to DH/defensively challenged UT from what I see. i see lots of movement in the 40 so maybe he gets a shot. Even if Hafner comes back, he could get a try at DH.
I think Duncan's DFA is good news for both but I would also believe it is bad news for Duncan's biggest booster, Acta. It really looks like team control is slipping away. I believe you assessed the situation correctly with Damon as well. Just panic at trying to cover for the failure of Sizemore. Can't blame the hope but would probably gotten as good, if not better, from Fedroff.
Personally, I do not believe the team should be blown up since there is nothing in the system to help for at least 2 years. I hope Dolan does not sell since the likelihood of a buyer keeping the team in Cleveland is small IMO. But 2016 is actually quite close and I personally believe that there is a very good location for a ML team available now. Might not go to Cleveland though since we are not the only "have not". Blowing up the team is the Kiss of Death to Cleveland from what I see. Better to do the best they can in FA which is not the Indians forte. I do not think Acta is a terrible manager but he has a team that starts competively and collapses two years running. Doesn't seem to be a building block for the future.
I will quibble with you, somewhat. Playing Phelps would mean benching a *younger* Kipnis. (Not necessarily a bad idea.) And Petit is best suited for AA journeyman status.
But...Fedroff and Goedert are filler with a tiny but non-zero chance of helping, so why not give them a chance to at least make loud outs? Tony isn't a Diaz fan, but he at least might look interested out there, which Cabrera can't manage.
In any event, I think this all matters to us, but not to Joe fan.
Of course, Art Modell was the entire problem with the Browns of the 90s to hear some tell it. How'd different ownership work out there?
Anyway, these dark times make me appreciate the work and dedication you put into this site even more, Tony. Keep it up, and good health to you in covering a resurgent Tribe in the near future.
Kudo's to you and your team Tony for remaining objective thru this whole mess.
I have been a Tribe fan for the better part of 60 years, and this has to be one of the most disheartening times I can remember. Having said that, I will remain a fan and hope someone comes along that can turn things around. Thank God for golf and beer !!!!


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In this guide check out how to Turn OFF 4G LTE on Android Phones/tablets.
We have gone through some of the recently launched 4G LTE phones and here comes our guide on how you can turn off 4G LTE whenever not needed. While you should know that 4G LTE and 3G HSDPA/HSUPA consumes are the most battery consuming component on any Android phones, you should turn if off whenever you don't need them.
Toggle 4G LTE on Android Phones
So if you are complaining of your phone eating up too much battery and none of the battery saving apps works for you, then you should try to turn off 4G LTE or 3G whenever not needed. Here in this article we show you instructions on Galaxy S4 to turn off 4G LTE.
- Tap on Menu and then Head to Settings on your phone.
- Tap on Wireless & Network and click on Mobile Networks.
- Now tap on Network Mode (in some phones preferred network type).
- So you will see different network mode, try selecting 3G or 2G if available on your phone so that you move out of 4G LTE.
- Tap on OK and some phone might ask to reboot the phone.
And you are done. If you just have 4G LTE plan active on your phone, then please disable the data connection instead of following the above guide.


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By Rick Reeno
Golden Boy Promotions CEO Richard Schaefer advised BoxingScene.com that he would like to match WBA 'regular' junior middleweight champion Erislandy Lara (19-1-2, 12KOs) against the winner of this Saturday's fight between IBF junior middleweight champion Carlos Molina (22-5-2, 6KOs) and undefeated Jermall Charlo (17-0, 13KOs).
Schaefer would like Lara to stay busy with an interim-fight and then potentially face the Molina-Charlo winner in the fall.
Molina-Charlo will be part of the undercard to the Canelo-Angulo Showtime Pay-Per-View at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas.
If Molina retains his title, the fight is certainly possible. There is history between both men. They fought to a controversial ten round draw in March of 2011 at the Cosmopolitan in Las Vegas.
If Charlo captures the title, a unification with Lara will be difficult to make. Both Lara and Charlo are trained by veteran coach Ronnie Shields. Since both fighters have a close relationship with Shields, it's not likely that either of them will be open to the idea of parting with his services - and Shields will certainly reject the idea of going against either fighter.


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As I wrote over on Hitting Refresh today, I really wanted to fill the house with some twee Pinteresty Halloween decor, and Harry wanted to fill the house with lots of Bats and Graves and Cobwebs.
So we compromised. (I wrote about our 10 Halloween decorations under $10 over there.)
Here's what we did to meet his batty needs.
I bought ribbon, bat cut outs and straight stick pins from the dollar store.
I pinned the bat to the ribbon.
I hung the bats from the chandelier.
Required bats = done.
And I must admit, it's kind of a nice way to be greeted when you walk in the front door. In a weird way, it reminds me of George Clooney. And that's never bad.