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Our Mission
The use of electronic cigarettes ("vaping"/"vapers") is embraced globally as a Tobacco Harm Reduction alternative to smoking tobacco. Electronic cigarettes do not use tobacco and there is no combustion or smoke of any kind. The vapor produced by electronic cigarettes is created when a battery activates a heating coil that vaporizes the e-liquid. The e-liquid often includes liquid nicotine as one of its primary ingredients. Consumers have the freedom to choose the level of nicotine content including no nicotine content at all. Many choose to reduce the nicotine content in their e-liquids over time while others choose to wean themselves off nicotine completely.
While liquid nicotine is extracted from tobacco, liquid nicotine is not tobacco.
Many people, including both those who have adopted vaping as a Tobacco Harm Reduction alternative to smoking and/or others following this industry, have some idea of the four primary categories of ingredients used in manufacturing e-liquids. These include, but are not completely limited to: liquid nicotine, propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin and food flavorings. Three of these four ingredient components are already FDA approved food grade ingredients commonly used in many foods and other consumables.
We readily acknowledge and respect that liquid nicotine can be an ingredient of concern and, as such, requires responsible and professional handling and distribution. We also acknowledge and respect the other three ingredients are available in various categories in their individual quality and application.
Further, we acknowledge and respect the entire process of handling and combining these ingredients, for consumption by consumers, deserves professionalism. AEMSA Standards demand high quality ingredients and accuracy in content. Correlative to other products manufactured for human consumption, clean manufacturing environments are required.
AEMSA is not only for manufacturers. Another aspect of AEMSA's mission is to welcome and embrace input from the community. AEMSA is designed to welcome Consumer Advocates and Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) as non-manufacturing participants in the organization. While there is a limitation for the numbers of the Consumer Advocate membership, as a percentage of the general membership, Consumer Advocate and SME members can serve on various committees and even the Board of Directors itself. We readily acknowledge and appreciate there are non-manufacturing people in the community, with professional backgrounds and expertise, who can greatly contribute to the overall mission and goals of AEMSA. We are continuously working to find ways to include many – if not most – of the various interests involved in this industry. Consumer Advocate and SME memberships will be on an invitation only basis.
Finally, AEMSA welcomes opportunities to meet with Governmental agencies and legislators for the purposes of contributing to the formation and establishment of reasonable and realistic governmental regulation. We feel we have much to offer and contribute to the regulatory considerations.
AEMSA is just getting started and looks forward to evolutionary growth and development. We know we have an enthusiastic and involved community who will want to get to know us. We eagerly await meeting many of you at various events and we will be available to discuss AEMSA through media outlets.
We promise to work for preserving and promoting Tobacco Harm Reduction through the process of volunteer self-regulation of e-liquid manufacturing. We are committed to providing consumers with a greater confidence in our members' products.
AEMSA encourages all USA e-liquid manufacturers to participate directly in this organization and/or raise (and publicize) their own manufacturing standards.


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Citigroup analyst Glen Yeung asserts in a research note that Intel will be "this year's CES standout."
For one thing, you can expect to see a slew of debuts for new ultrabooks, super thin laptops that feature Intel processors, fast booting, and flash-based storage - the Wintel response to the Apple Macbook Air. Yeung says his discussions with the supply chain suggest that all of the major PC makers have ultrabook designs in process. And he notes that the new designs to be displayed at the show offer substantial improvements over first-generation ultrabooks, including better battery life and improved chip performance.
There will also be intense focus on Medfield, the company's line of system-on-a-chip parts for mobile phones. Yeung writes that he is "encouraged" by positive early reviews for the new part, "creating optimism around Intel's potential in handsets."
Yeung notes that Q1 sales could disappoint: he sees an 11% decline sequentially, 300 basis points worst than normal seasonality, and well below the consensus forecast of a 6.5% drop. He says discussions with the PC supply chain suggest Q1 production will he below seasonal patterns, due to hard-drive shortages and generally soft demand. Nonetheless, he thinks the weakness is already anticipated by the Street. Keeping his Buy rating, Yeung says the stock should get off to a good start this year, driven by a strong CS, with some seasonal stall mid-year, then strengthening again later in the year as ultrabook sales pick up and the debut of the Silvermont mobile SOC parts become available.
"We are newly encouraged [on the stock] given Intel's product prospects in 2012, its modest valuation and good dividend yield.
INTC is up 31 cents, or 1.2%, to $25.42.
Intel will hold a press conference on Monday; CEO Paul Otellini gives a keynote on Tuesday.

subset: commoncrawl


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Thanks to Scott Sharpnack, and John Cochran, who is in Baltimore for tonight's Smackdown taping. Below are the results prior to Smackdown:
Dark Match:
-Damien Sandow def. Percy Watson the Straighjacket Neckbreaker
WWE Superstars Matches
–Sin Cara def. Antonio Cesaro by countout. Cesaro walked out on the match to get counted out.
–Hunico def. Ezekiel Jackson
Have a news tip? Attended an event and want to send a live report?


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CHICOPEE, Mass. (Mass Appeal) Mixing cuisines and cultures is in and Jimmy Tarr, the owner of the Bistro Bus food truck is here to showed us how.
- Slow roasted pork mixed with BBQ sauce
- Caramelized onions
- Pepper jack cheese
- Chibata roll
- Grill or cook to taste
- Spicy Chili Mayo
- Bean Sprouts
- Thai Cole Slaw
- Then add protein:
Char sui pork or Sarachi tofu or Honey ginger chicken


text: Anna Vodicka is an award-winning writer and teacher. Her essays and travel writing have appeared in a variety of magazines, literary journals and anthologies, and have been selected for Best Women's Travel Writing, Grand Prize Solas Awards, Best of Wordpress, and residency fellowships to Vermont Studio Center and Hedgebrook. She teaches generative workshops at Seattle's Richard Hugo House and in the women's creative writing program at the King County Jail.


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Making sense of meditation
The contemplative experience is at the center of all religious tradition, expert says
Published 5:30 am, Saturday, October 21, 2006
The Rev. Laurence Freeman, a Benedictine monk and founder of the London-based World Community for Christian Meditation,will speak in Houston next week on Christian contemplation and meditation.
The author of six books and numerous articles on Christian meditation, Freeman is a noted international lecturer. He has participated in several interreligious conferences and counts the Dalai Lama as a friend.
He was born in London, was educated in Benedictine schools and holds a master's degree in English literature from New College, Oxford.
Freeman, 55, recently spoke with Chronicle religion editor Richard Vara. Excerpts of that conversation follow.
Q: When did you begin to meditate?
A: I have been practicing meditation since 1975. I was introduced to it by my teacher, an Irish Benedictine monk named John Main. I was in the first year of university at Oxford, and Main was the headmaster of a Benedictine school in Washington, D.C. I came over to see him for Easter vacation, and he had just started (meditation). He introduced me to it very lightly, very gently. It made absolute sense; it seemed right to me.
I began to meditate seriously two years after university. I decided to spend six months in a (London) monastery where Main had started a lay community practicing meditation in a structured way. It was during those six months that I decided to become a monk.
Q: Doesn't meditation come from Eastern religions and traditions like Buddhism?
A: You will find meditation in all the great religious branches of the human family. Christianity, particularly Western Christianity, has lost its sense of the contemplative tradition.
That is due to many reasons: the intellectualism and imperialism of the West, the activism of the West, the relationship of the church to Western culture, the Reform-
ation. There are all sorts of reasons one can give as to why Western Christianity lost its sense of the centrality of contemplation.
The point is that every religious tradition has a contemplative consciousness or contemplative experience at its center. If a religious tradition loses the centrality of that awareness, it goes off course. It becomes a religion without spirituality.
Q: What is the difference between contemplation and meditation?
A: Meditation is the work that we do to enter into that state of contemplation in which we are most fully human and fully alive. Meditation is the practice of contemplation, sort of the daily discipline of contemplation.
Q: Then what is contemplation?
A: We really mean the experience of our own spiritual nature, finding our own heart and our own center. The meaning of that is that we find a direct and personal encounter with God in our heart.
St. Catherine of Siena said God is the center of our soul. That puts it very succinctly.
The early fathers of the church were immersed in this experience of contemplation. The theology of the doctrine that formed over the first five centuries or so of Christian history was a combination of contemplation and a reading of Scripture.
Q: So contemplation has Christian roots?
A: The Christian tradition of contemplation goes back to the Gospel.
Jesus is a teacher of contemplation. If you study his teaching on prayer in the Sermon on the Mount, for example, in Matthew 6, he is not talking about external forms or rituals or particular beliefs you have to
subscribe to.
He is talking about interior silence, freedom from anxiety, and mindfulness and living in the present moment. These are the elements of concentration. So Jesus is as much a teacher of concentration as he is of nonviolence.
We are saying that Christians have a theological, historical, Scriptural tradition of contemplation that gives a harmony and a depth to all other forms of prayer and practices of the Christian
Q: How do you contemplate?
A: There are three elements of contemplation that are universal: silence, stillness and simplicity.
Silence is the movement from not only external noise or speech but even from thought. In contemplation we move beyond conceptual thinking into the heart.
In the Eastern Christian tradition — the Orthodox tradition — they speak about bringing the mind into the heart. You want to choose a quiet room, a quiet time, take the phone off the hook and make sure your cell phone doesn't ring in the middle of meditation. There is an inner silence and an outer silence.
The other element is stillness. Stillness also has a physical, external aspect, which is not moving around and also having the discipline of sitting still physically. "Be still and know that I am God (Psalm 46:10)."
The stillness of mind that we come to is moving from the constant activity and desire of mind to move on to the next thing, the desire to acquire something, achieve something, to prepare for something.
If the mind is not still, we are not in the present moment. In meditation, stillness means not just physical stillness but coming into the present moment, which, for the Christian, is the moment of Christ, entering into the mind of Christ here and now. It is understanding the revelation of God that was made to Moses in the name God revealed to Moses: I Am.
The third element is simplicity, which is really about dealing with the complexity and need for self-consciousness and taking the focus of self-consciousness off yourself and putting it into God. In other words, stop thinking about yourself — or as Jesus says, leave self behind.


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Foundation Recommendations?
My old man is looking to build a garage on his property, and it will need a foundation poured before we can build it.
That being said, he has some sites picked out, but we'll need a company that has an engineer that can assess the ground as well. This property is up in the mountains, and there are numerous underground springs as well as lots of decomposed granite.
I know a few of you are in related businesses. Anyone have a great company they'd like to see some business go to, or, any companies we should actively avoid?
Any other tips and advice for searching this out would be appreciated. Never done this before, and just getting started in researching what goes into a foundation.
Where approximately is the property? IOW, what county, I assume it's in Colorado.
Isaacs folks are up in Baily, not far from the Slaughter house trail area.
Up in Park County, about 45 min from Denver up 285. Sorry I forgot to put that in.
Depending on what he's using it for, it would be much cheaper to build a pole barn and then perhaps put concrete down later for the floor. You would need to know the codes in Park County before you get too crazy with this idea.
Well, Park County is likely pretty lax. That said, it is supposed to be a parking garage, as well as a shop, with power, heat, etc...
I'm not sure what a Pole Barn is, but I'll look into it. Thanks!
In many counties, a pole barn requires no permit. By code, they are generally intended for storage of animals or diesel-fueled agricultural implements, etc. Having said that, many people build them, pour a floor, and they become a shop. By typical definition, a pole barn does not have a foundation, but rather uses 4x4 or 6x6 poles buried 4-6' underground, spaced every 8'-12' or so, and then have supports and siding attached to them. There are dozens of pole barn building companies all over Colorado who could help answer your questions.
You are smart to conduct a geotechnical survey prior to pouring concrete. I don't know of any concrete subs that have one in house. If it was me, I would google "geotechnical engineer park county" to find someone local that might give you some free advice. If there are potential underground springs, they may want to drill test bores to verify water levels. they can also determine the correct depth of the footings and compaction requirements for your slab on grade. Caissons with grade beams may be the most cost effective method. Doug
Wow! Thanks guys. Great advice, I appreciate it. I'll look into that stuff. Cheers!
Not to hijack, but if anyone has similar knowledge for Boulder/Boulder Canyon, I'd love the info. I've been dreaming of a garage for years!
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Sean Penn Vs Mickey Rourke.
As far as I'm concerned it's the closest race at the Oscars this Sunday. Condolences to the other three nominees --
--Frank Langella in Frost/Nixon
--Richard Jenkins in The Visitor
--Brad Pitt in The Curious Case of Benjamin Button
Sunday night will be The Sean and Mickey Show.
So how are you pacing your bets?
MICKEY ROURKE in THE WRESTLER
Good Reason for Picking Him: Comeback Kid Rourke has the role of his career as a "broken down piece of meat" who's not ready to go over the hill. Rourke has been bluntly honest about how the screwup he's playing on screen is pretty much the screwup he is (or was) in life. How do Oscar voters resist that?
Stupid Reason for Not Picking Him: Rourke is basically playing himself.
SEAN PENN in MILK
Good reason for Picking Him: Playing assassinated gay-rights activist Harvey Milk, Penn disappears into the role with the artistry of an acting virtuoso. This isn't just another great Penn performance. It may be his greatest performance.
Stupid Reason for Not Picking Him: Penn already won an Oscar five years ago for Mystic River. He'll have lots of other big roles. Rourke probably won't.
Best Bet: In the final rounds leading up to Sunday, Rourke has the heat and it's building. But Penn has my heart. These are two brilliant performances. So I'm asking, why not a tie? The Academy has done it twice before. Once, in 1969, when Barbra Streisand (Funny Girl) and Katharine Hepburn (The Lion in Winter) shared the gold. And once, way back in the Pleistocene era (1932), when Wallace Beery in The Champ, playing a boxer as washed-up as Rourke's wrestler, fought to a draw against Fredric March doing his own kind of transformation in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. A Penn-Rourke tie seems far more warranted than these. Or does it? Your turn to weigh in.


text:
« August 2006 |
| October 2006 »
All is well...
Paris could not be any more gorgeous than it is...
And I am in photo-loving-heaven here...
living, experiencing, and relishing every moment of our trip.
xoxo -s :)
September 21, 2006 | Permalink
Comments (20)
Ok - First off, I have to say that you all TOTALLY made me laugh. Love, LOVED the dancing banana & PBJ clip, Loved the pet photos, LOVED the jokes - especially the blonde jokes - and seriously enjoyed just seeing so many people say hi. :)
SO................. I made Eric draw a name late last night....
And the winner of my American Crafts Mini-Mark RAK is...............
Jessica!!!!!!!!!!!!!! (comment posted @12:55 pm on sept 11)
...and... because you all totally made me laugh, and posted 50+ comments (i feel so loved)... I decided to give another pack of MiniMarks away....
Tiffany (comment posted @ 4:06pm on sept 11) will win a pack of the Ricky Sidekicks MiniMarks! wooohooo!
Congratulations Girls! Email your addy to me at email@example.com, and I'll get these in the mail 1st thing. :) And thanks for playing everyone!
September 13, 2006 | Permalink
Comments (11)
(ETA - I'm not going to close the RAK till Midnight CST on the 12th - so keep the funny comments coming... Loving them!)
Have some "extras" from ScrapFest, so I'm giving away............
<<insert cheering here>>
Here's what you have to do... Leave me a comment. That's it. :) Tell me something funny if you want. I love funny comments. :)
I'll close the RAK giveaway on Tuesday night (the 12th) so leave your funny (or non-funny) comment before then. =P) The drawing will be totally random. Everyone has a chance. Make me laugh people....!
And here's what you'll win: 1 set of Jack Jr MiniMarks in blue, 1 set of Ricky MiniMarks in green, and 1 set of Ned Jr MiniMarks in white... These are so delish... I LOVE them all... :)
September 11, 2006 | Permalink
Comments (56)
...and quite possibly the cheesiest... scrapbook page. I think that this photo says it all. In fact, it probably says too much. I'm quite sure that Sarah will be slightly less than thrilled that I posted it. :)
Please take note of both the highly-skilled "A" and "C" hand gestures going on, and the fact that we are an "inter-active" part of the scrapbook page...
...tired, but had tons of fun this weekend... :)
September 10, 2006 | Permalink
Comments (5)
Getting ready for ScrapFest tomorrow (and all weekend) - at the Mall of America - which is put on by Archivers... Excited to be helping Sarah out in the American Crafts booth... (psst - loving the linkage that I managed to fit into one sentence here)... :)
Please come visit me if you're there!
September 07, 2006 | Permalink
Comments (2)
Fried Cheese Curds.
After a year of randomly discussing how un-appetizing these sound...
We tried them... (at the MN State Fair)...
We liked them... :)
Does this mean we're now authentic Midwesterners-Minnesotans???
(many more fair and weekend photos to post later on!)
September 06, 2006 | Permalink
Comments (17)
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Thread: Spikeflow 1.3
Spikeflow 1.3
Spikeflow is used to develop e-form services. It supports multi-page forms with conditional branching. Choose from a set of interface components or develop custom ones. Complex validations, digital signing, and integration with backend systems with Java or Groovy plugins are included. There are two parts: Spikeflow Creator (used to build the e-forms) and Spikeflow Runtime (to render them on the Web).
The HTML templates were redesigned, making it much easier to change the layout. Some bugs in the Creator were fixed. A new sample flow was added to the site.
URL: Spikeflow - Software for developing eservices | web-based form flows | nSpike


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There are places in the world that appear to be democratizing. Their governments claim to be working toward institutionalizing a free press. But authoritarian control can still be imposed behind the curtain of make-believe. Let me share a real-world example from a country that shall remain unnamed.
A colleague in international development, let's call him Abdul Kanak, is originally from a self-professed newly-democratizing Asian country. We met up for coffee recently, and he told me about how things really work in his country's media sector. Having worked as a journalist before moving to the United States, Abdul experienced firsthand how the government effectively controlled the mainstream news media and its coverage of political issues. Two forces worked in tandem to create the conditions for control. First, concentration of ownership among privately-owned news organizations. Second, the placement of cronies in positions of influence within the newsroom.
In Abdul's country, there are less than five private television stations which enjoy national scope and dominate the news industry. They were bought up, over time, by one media conglomerate (which also owns a large number of newspapers). Although each station maintains its own news division, they all answer to one executive news director.
Abdul worked for the news outlet of the oldest privately-owned TV station. He disclosed that a few years back, when a new head of government had assumed office, a staunch ally and former press secretary was appointed news director of the private station. After this happened, when reporters met with their editors after covering an event in the field, they were told which soundbites to use, which not to use, and what to write in the script. This, of course, resulted in slanted coverage invariably favorable to the sitting government.
Did these arrangements have the desired effect? According to Abdul, people started distrusting the mainstream news. Citizens with higher education levels sought alternative sources of information, which caused the rapid growth of blogs and online news outlets. At first, the government cracked down on these outlets, raiding offices, taking down websites, and arresting bloggers. But a large number of people spoke up against these activities and called for the boycott of media outlets perceived to be government mouthpieces. In response, the authorities initially modified their draconian behavior and stopped the arrests and intimidation. The government launched campaigns in the hope of building public support behind its programs. But it didn't give up its influence within the newsroom. It's also sad to note that recently, bloggers have again come under attack, fined for "offenses" such as improper use of the internet to being charged for sedition.
The government response has been mixed. On one hand, it has apparently learned that even the powerful need to compete in the public sphere. On the other, it insists on controlling the mainstream news media by refusing to let go of the puppet strings. To be sure, campaigns have their place in the public sphere. But to be truly effective, they should be coupled with efforts toward increasing citizen competence and sincere attempts at public participation for more informed policymaking and improved public service delivery.
And the news media's true potential should be recognized and appreciated. Sources of information and analysis are most effective when perceived to be legitimate, trustworthy, and credible. Abdul put it well: "The people are not stupid. The more these news divisions are run the way they are, there will continue to be a backlash."
Photo credit: Flickr user Phillie Casablanca


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Can two light-skinned people have a dark-skinned child?
A friend and I were talking about a famous local artist who apparently has a fixation on infidelity; a lot of his songs are humorous stories about women cheating on their spouses.
One of those songs is about a couple of white - or presumably light-skinned - people who have many children, all turn out white. After some time the wife gives birth to a black child and the husband - rightly so - becomes suspicious. After years of doubting he finally musters up the courage to ask her if the black child is his, to which she responds "the black kid is the only one that's yours". Well, it sounds hilarious in the song.
Anyways, my friend said "well, it is funny but it is wrong, two white people can't have a darker child, it is genetically impossible". Well, this contradicts all I believed. He said that I could do some search about it which I tried and came up with nothing. I am really intrigued, after years of hearing stories of white couples having dark children, something that is explained by pointing out that one of them has a dark-skinned ancestor. I always thought of that as fact.
Was I wrong all this time?
Apparently the answer is yes.
Re: Can a childs skin color be darker than its parents?
"Desirees Baby
The Heredity of Complexion
Of course it can happen, its just a fluke. The same way I bear a startling resemblence to the milkman.
Well, I am trying to find out something about it and Google comes up with too much noise, but I found this site that apparently supports my friend's belief:
In short the article claims that a child can never be darker than their parents. Even if one of the parents is black.
Interesting (a certain aunt of mine would have much explaining to do if my friend turns out to be right ).
Actually, I remember hearing in high school biology that skin color in human is based about on maybe three gene pairings, each of which controls a different amount of melanin in the skin... (which is the main pigment that makes skin or hair 'dark',) and the two more significant of them are 'co-dominant.' That is, someone who has one of the genes and one of the other genes has an in-between physical characteristic (mid-brown skin.)
Don't know how true that is, but if it is, it would tend to suggest that the sort of situation the OP is asking about would be unlikely to happen... at least, not very much darker skin than both the parents.
I can't back this up with any real evidence but for interests sake here is a story I heard not long ago:
A young english woman and her husband were living in India in the 1930s (when alot of upper crust english families would go over there for a few years). They had been 'happily' married 6 years and been trying for kids. She had an affair with a native and got pregnant. She know that as soon as the baby was born her husband would see what had happened and divorce her but she kept it a secret until the baby was born in the hope that maybe it was his. They went back to England. The child (a girl) was born and was white. Just as white as she and her husband. She was shocked but of corse very pleased. And they live happily ever after. Until the child got married. She married a suitable older man and 12 months later a baby boy was born - black. At this point the mother decided to tell all to save her daughter's marrage and an interesting mystery is born.
From your link:
They could produce an offspring AaBbCc or AaBbca but never AaBBCa. One allele needs to come from each parent and barring some fairly improbable crossing over events the children cant inherit both the dominant B alleles from the same parent. Nor can they inherit both the dominant C and recessive a of the final allele form the same parent.
Doesn't change the sense of what was said but in the interests of fighting ignorance it's worth understanding why what you say is correct rather than just taking it on faith with a flawed understanding of genetics.
Thanks, but I didn't understand much of what you say. I can't remember much of what I learn in biology class. Please help me translate this into a language I understand:
Scenario A: Both are really white, then it is impossible for them to have had a black child. (Duh!)
Scenario B: One of them is merely light-skinned mulatto, in which case. Could they have a dark-skinnned child?
Scenario C: Both are light-skinned mulattos. They could have a dark-skinned child, right?
I think my aunt is in the clear
One whitey white + mulatto > no darker child possible
Light skinned mulattoos > darker child possible
And bear in mind that this hinges on the whitey white(s) also being genetically whitey white not just "looking" white.
Blake is correct about the genetics in my post. Sorry about my error.
Assume that there are three genes for skin color in human, let's call them A, B, and C.
Each of these genes has two forms, or alleles, one of which produces little melanin (let's call it the "light" allele) and the other of which produces a lot of melanin (let's call it the "dark" allele). Let's indicate the dark allele with a capital letter (A,B.C), and the light allele with a small letter (a,b,c).
Unlike the main genes for eye color, these alleles do not show a dominant /recessive pattern of inheritance, in which you can have either brown eyes (which are dominant, so that it only takes one brown allele to produce brown eyes, even if the other allele is for blue), or blue eyes (which are recessive, so that you must have two blue alleles in order to produce blue eyes), but not an intermediate condition. (I am ignoring some of the complexities here that can produce hazel or green eyes.) Instead, the skin color genes show what is called co-dominance, in which those individuals with differemt alleles show an intermediate condition.
AA = dark
aa = light
Aa = medium-colored, intermediate between the two extremes
If we assume that the effects of the three different genes are additive, we end up with seven different possible degrees of skin color:
6 dark alleles (AABBCC) = darkest
5 dark (e.g. AaBBCC and other possibilities) = next darkest
4 dark (AaBbCC, etc) = slightly darker than average
3 dark (AaBbCc, etc) = intermediate between the extremes
2 dark (aaBbCc, etc) = slightly lighter than average
1 dark (aabbCc, etc) = slightly darker than the lightest
0 dark (aabbcc) = lightest
aabbcc = white
Aabbcc = lightest mulatto
AAbbcc = darker mulatto, darker than either parent. This individual has obtained one dark allele from each of the parents.
Taking the example of two intermediate mulattos of genotype AaBbCc, they can produce all possible genotypes between them, including AABBCC (darkest), aabbcc (lightest) and all intermediate combinations. This is the point of the second quote in astro's post.
Interesting question Excalibre. I have heard that Southern Italians and a lot of Spaniards are not quite pure Caucasian but product of centuries of mixing. They look much darker than the average European, but I don't know if there is any truth behind the idea.
Colibri, thanks a lot. That was quite a lesson. You'd be amazed at how ignorant I was of this. I come from a country with a large majority of mulattos and small white and black minorities. Accusations of infidelity and doubt are not uncommon, but fortunately people do believe that pretty much anyone here could have a kid that doesn't look anything like the parents. Nice to know what the truth behind this is.
It is the first time I analyze a song under the light of science. At least the songwriter was right. And nice to know that my cousin is really my uncle's.
Thanks Colibri. See, I always knew that Sir Arthur Conan Doyle got it wrong.
I might also mention that I greatly simplified the situation with regard to skin color. There will of course not be just seven shades of coloration, but continuous variation, since 1) each of the 3 dark alleles probably produces somewhat different amounts of melanin; 2) there may be more than just two alleles present for each gene, each of which produces differing amounts of melanin; 3) precise expression of each allele may depend on yet other genes other than the main skin color ones; and 4) there may be effects of environment, such as nutrition, exposure to sunlight etc.
I would also mention that the above model may apply mainly to crosses involving European and sub-Saharan African populations. I suspect that the genetics must be different for other populations that "breed true" for intermediate skin colors. For example, American Indian populations (at least mostly pure ones) normally have a skin color that is intermediate between Europeans and Africans, yet they never produce individuals of much darker or much lighter skin color (aside from albinos or other rare variants). Therefore their genetics cannot be following the six-allele model outlined above.
This aritcle has some interesting statistics for White Americans, for example:
Is hair color governed by the same rules?*
Well the song also mentions they were "blonde as butter" and I want to see if I understood my friend correctly before I call him to say he was wrong.
Some years ago, Pedro found out he was adopted. Out of curiosity, he investigated where his parents were from.
His birth parents were German.
Well, just to throw an anecdote in here, with little or no value other than interest:
My cousin is adopted - he is just the complexion of Tiger Woods (actually looks a lot like him).
His birth parents were both pale and white like fishbellys - hence the adoption (sad but true - oh well, my family is happy to have him). The official story is that somewhere, someone had a darker skinned relative, but I dunno.
We eventually found an irish last name 4 generations up grandma's line. We have no idea where Grandpa's red gene came from, having 100% sicillian ancestors from the same little villiage as far back as we can trace, but my father is so otherwise his spitting image that there can be no doubt this was not a milkman thing.
Dad married my blue eyed, fair skinned, light brunette mother, who's 3/4 swedish. My sister has red hair, fair skin, hazel eyes. I have dark brown hair, dark brown eyes, olive skin. Genetics is funny.
Woops, sorry about that. I thought I was in the other thread. That's what I get for posting at 1 AM.
Although what I know is about eye, rather than skin or hair color, but perhaps it can throw some light on the questions raised here.
In HS biology (which was back in the 50s when it was still possible to teach Darwinian evolution in public HSs) I learned that two blue-eyed parents could not have a dark-eyed child. I accepted that at the time, but after a while I worked out a scenario. I tried out my ideas on a geneticist and he agreed. It would be rare but possible. Similarly, two parents of blood type O could have a child of any blood type with the same mechanism.
Here is how it works. It is perhaps a little simpler with blood types, so I will do it for that. To have type A blood, you have to have at least one gene that codes for a protein that produces a particular antigen (I think that is the right word, but forgive if it isn't). If neither chromosome has that gene (actually, if it has a version of the gene that doesn't make that protein), then that person will have type O or B blood. The same considerations work for type B. If the person makes neither protein he will have type O. If he marries another such person, all their children will have type O. If he marries a person of type A, then either that person is really Aa, meaning has one gene that codes for the A protein, or type AA, meaning both genes do.
The thing is that that is not the only way of having type O blood; it is far the most common way, but not the only way. Nothing is ever quite as simple as it appears in HS biology. You could have genome Aa or AA and still have type O blood. For the antigen is manufactured in a sequence of steps all of which are coded genetically and all of which have to be present for the A antigen to be produced. Suppose there is another gene, call it Z that has to be present. Suppose that there is a rare mutation that makes a gene I will call z that fails to make that protein (most likely an enzyme). Now if a person with genotype AAzz marries an aaZZ (here I am simplifying and ignoring the B antigen), then both will have type O blood and all their children will have genome AaZz and hence type A blood.
In a similar way, it is possible for two blue-eyed parents to have a brown-eyed child and two blond parents to have a dark-haired child. I see no reason why all this couldn't happen with skin color. I once met an albino (east) Indian. Pink eyes, white hair, extremely pale skin, whose children looked like perfectly ordinary dark-skinned Indians. There was some cognitive dissonance with this very pale person with Caucasian features speaking strongly Indian accented English.
Aaagh!! It's the attack of the zombie nigger babies!
Sorry, I just had to say that once, when I realized that the thread had been resucitated.
I can see how old this thread is but I just watched the movie SKIN about a dark skinned girl born to white parents and my interest is peaked for a couple reasons. First, the movie caught my attention because I actually gave birth to a beautiful baby girl, 17 years ago who has a much darker skin than my husband or me. So dark in fact, she easily passes for Mexican and is frequently thought of as being half black. (The half black issues were mainly when she was much younger in middle school.) I am of German decent, my husband Dutch! When she was just a baby, my husband and I were out and people asked us her nationality, as if we had adopted her. I never felt alarmed by her skin color, mainly because there was no question she was mine and my husbands. My husband too, has NEVER thought she didn't belong to him, and the fact that she actually looks like both of us, especially his mother, minus her lovely deep brown/olive complexion. I honestly and quite ignorantly thought she was so dark because I was a bikini laden sun goddess during my entire pregnancy. I figured the melanin soaked in! Ha ha! Don't make fun, I was so young back then! So, yes, yes, yes, it is quite possible and the more I learn I realize it had nothing to do with sun bathing during pregnancy.
I know this is a zombie, but I believe the woman the previous poster is referring to is Sandra Laing. There was a film about her called Skin starring the lovely Sophie Okonedo. It's about a black appearing woman who was born to white South African parents which due to the circumstances, caused quite a few problems for her.
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Boykin's from Meridian, MS
I am married to a Boykin, and doing a family tree on mine and his family.
His family is from Meridian Ms, His Grand fathers name is Alex (Buddy) Boykin, his mothers name is Mary Boykin after her husband passed, she married a Mr, Campbell. Buddy has some brothers and their names are William Boykin, and John Boykin. A sister named Eunice Boykin.
John Boykin married Betty, their kids named Ronnie, Johnnie, and Lisa.
If any one has any connections please reply back here, Hopefully this will some how link up to the Boykin's you are looking for.
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Re: Boykin's from Meridian, MS
Pam Hensley 12/31/12


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In what was a wild-and-woolly, nip-and-tuck affair, it was the Oliver Springs Bobcats staving off a furious late rally by the Oakdale Eagles to escape with a 9-8 win Tuesday evening in a District 4-A affair at Oakdale.
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Remind me again why I should be excited about health care "reform":
Many businesses plan to bring on more part-time workers next year, trim the hours of full-time employees or curtail hiring because of the new health care law, human resource firms say.
Their actions could further dampen job growth, which already is threatened by possible federal budget cutbacks resulting from the tax increases and spending cuts known as the fiscal cliff.
"It will have a negative impact on job creation" in 2013, says Mark Zandi, chief economist of Moody's Analytics.
Under the Affordable Care Act, businesses that employ at least 50 full-time workers — or the equivalent, including part-time workers — must offer health insurance to staffers who work at least 30 hours a week. Employers that don't provide coverage must pay a $2,000-per-worker penalty, excluding the first 30 employees.
The so-called employer mandate to offer health coverage doesn't take effect until Jan. 1, 2014. But to determine whether employees work enough hours on average to receive benefits, employers must track their schedules for three to 12 months prior to 2014 — meaning many are restructuring payrolls now or will do so early next year.
About a quarter of businesses surveyed by consulting firm Mercer don't offer health coverage to employees who work at least 30 hours a week. Half of them plan to make changes so fewer employees work that many hours.
As always with such stories, recall then-Speaker Pelosi's comment that we had to pass health care reform in order to find out what is in it. (Via Dan McLaughlin.)


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When I first saw the iPad, I must admit, I thought it was a completely unnecessary and awkward-looking device. It wasn't until I heard how helpful it was for children with autism and other communication disorders that I understood how useful this technology could be. This makes complete sense, too; the iPad, which is simple enough for children to use, is also very appealing to the young ones who love to feel 'adult' by using new technology.
Advocating Autism Recovery & Awareness Worldwide
From December 13th, 2010
Holiday Traditions
Baking cookies is a time-honored tradition for many families during the holidays. When I was younger, my mom and I would bake cookies every Christmas Eve. Before going to bed, we would leave a plate of cookies and a tall glass of milk on the table for Santa. We would also leave a dish of cookies and a saucer of milk by the foot of the table for Rudolph.
CARD Coming to Reno, NV
Please click to enlarge: We are coming to Reno, Nevada in the beginning of 2011. Make sure to reserve your spot! Don't live in Reno, Nevada? Well then check out some of other locations. Don't miss out on this opportunity to get direct 1:1 therapy, parent training/skills, specialized outpatient services, and much, much more!
CARD Announces eLearning, a Premier Online Training System for Behavior Therapists
The Center for Autism and Related Disorders announces the launch of www.cardelearning.com, a new online tool for teaching practitioners and other caregivers effective techniques to treat children with autism. Nationwide, December 13, 2010 The Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Inc. (CARD), the world's largest provider of state-of-the-art early intensive behavioral intervention for children with autism, has launched CARD eLearning™ (www.cardelearning.com), the premier Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) online educator for parents and practitioners working with individuals with autism.


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littlewhitehead's work is often deadpan. Drawing from mass media, environmental experience and art history, their work give glimpses into a peculiar fictional world whilst simultaneously referencing the ontological anxieties posed through life in post industrial Glasgow. Through irreverence, subversion and use of the uncanny, their work often examines the politics of reality and the complex relationship between fictions and truths.
littlewhitehead are Blake Whitehead (b. 1985 Lanark) and Craig Little (b. 1980 Glasgow)
2007 Glasgow School of Art
SELECTED solo EXHIBITIONS
2012 The Cyclic Gate, Sumarria Lunn, London
2011 Bad News, Marine Contemporary, Los Angeles
2010 Norther Gallery for Contemporary Art, Sunderland
2010 The Gilt Hole Complex, Arcan Mellor, London
2009 Black Smoke Machine Gun Club, Royal Standard, Liverpool
2009 The Fourth Wall, Bloc, Sheffield
2009 Playing Dog, Gimpel Fils, London
2009 So Many Fellows Find Themselves, K Gallery, Milan
2009 So This is Romance, Bunhouse Bandits, London
2008 Nothing Ever Happens Here, Studio Warehouse, Glasgow
2012 Preposterous, La Scatola Gallery, London
2012 How Art Things?, Nest, the Hague
2012 The Santorini Biennale, Santorini
2012 The Momentarily Absurd, High House Gallery, Oxfordshire
2012 Mexico arte contemporary with tj boutling, Mexico City
2012 Tennancy 3, Blackartprojects, Melbourne
2011 Boundaries, Gazelli Art House @ C99 Art Project, London
2011 In Your Face, SHOWstudio, London
2011 100, Langford 120, Melbourne
2011 Six Degrees, Monks Gallery, Lincoln
2011 Art Platform with Marine Contemporary, Los Angeles
2011 Revenge of the Pleasure Principle, KT Contemporary, Dublin
2011 Air I Breath, Gazelli Art House, London
2011 Modern Frustrations, Sumarria Lunn, London
2011 Between Worlds, Field, Folkestone Triennial, Folkstone
2011 British Art Now, Museum of South Australia, Adelaide
2011 If these walls could talk, Charlie James Gallery, Los Angeles
2011 If these walls could talk, Marine, Los Angeles
2011 Modern British Sculpture, Gimpel Fils, London
2011 Smokefall, Tintype, London
2011 Art First Bologna with Gimpel Fils, Bologna
2010 Prop, Departure Gallery, London
2010 Exteriority, Sumarria Lunn, London
2010 Figure Study, Gimpel Fils, London
2010 Space Made Live, Arthouse, Glasgow
2010 A Ticket For A Ticket, Trolley Books, London (performance)
2010 Newspeak: British Art Now, Saatchi Gallery, London
2010 Downstairs Review Part II, Gimpel Fils, London
2010 Arco Madrid (with Gimpel Fils), Madrid
2009 Newspeak: British Art Now, The Hermitage, St Petersburg
2009 Tales That Witness Madness, Elevator Gallery, London
2009 Alternative States, Gimpel Fils, London
2009 Nine days, seventeen hours, thirty two minutes, six seconds, Eleven Howland Ltd, London
2009 Grey Matter, Talbot Rice Gallery, Edinburgh
2009 Wild is the Wind, Wall, London
2008 Bloomberg New Contemporaries, A Foundation, London
2008 Conjunction 08, Stoke-on-Trent
2008 Bloomberg New Contemporaries, A Foundation, Liverpool
2011 Creative Scotland Proffessional Development Award
2009 Scottish Arts Council Professional Development Award
2008 Glasgow Council Arts Award
2008 Scottish Arts Council Professional Development Award


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Speaking about the recession during a fundraiser in Washington State today, Barack Obama suggested awareness of it wasn't always foremost in his mind.
"It was a house of cards and it collapsed in the most destructive, worst crisis that we've seen since the Great Depression. And sometimes people forget the magnitude of it," Obama said of the recession. "You know, you saw some of that in the video that was shown. Sometimes I forget."
The Romney campaign, which blasted out the Obama quote, also issued a statement in response. "It's not surprising that a president who forgot to create jobs, forgot to cut the debt, and forgot to change Washington has now admitted that he's forgotten about the recession," said spokeswoman Andrea Saul. "In fact, it seems that the president has forgotten that he's been in office for the last three-and-a-half years. In November, the American people won't forget."


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Asymmetrical composition is the first assignment in Claudine Hellmuth's "Composition for Collage" over at Big Picture Classes. I love her retro-whimsical style This is the first piece I created for this assignment. I think it's fairly balanced.
Claudine provides downloads of a variety of vintage images. You could add your own images or items, but I chose to only use what was in the downloads. Give me too many options and I would never get it done! It was then just a matter of cutting out some pieces and trying to make an asymmetrical composition.
This one doesn't seem quite balanced to me. It definitely needs a splash of color. But not sure what is needs to balance it out. Maybe if I lifted the man and clotheslines, and then moved the bicycles a bit to the right. What do you think? Wish I had more downloads. I have to say that I love cutting and pasting.


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DOUBLE murder suspect James Allen described the case against him as "a joke" saying the police and prosecution have "nothing on me".
In another heated day at his trial, Allen yesterday also challenged prosecutor Robert Smith saying that he will admit to killing Middlesbrough man Colin Dunford if the QC can show the jury one "substantial bit of evidence".
He said: "If you can show one substantial piece of evidence then I will admit it. One substantial bit of evidence to these people then I will admit it to you right now. We are waiting, the whole country is waiting right now for you."
Allen, 36, is on trial at Newcastle Crown Court accused of murdering 81-year-old Colin Dunford from Middlesbrough and 50-year-old Julie Davison from Whitby.
Yesterday Allen was in the dock again as prosecutor Robert Smith QC finished cross-examining the defendant.
Throughout the questioning Allen strongly denied having any involvement in both murders.
He continuously referred to Mr Smith QC as a "weapon" who "doesn't live in the real world" and refers to the police as "knuckleheads"
He told the jury that the prosecution is "full of ****."
He told Mr Smith: "You have no evidence on me. It is killing you people that you have done this big, massive investigation but you have got nothing on me. It annoys you doesn't it? It would annoy me."
Allen was asked about his relationship with Mr Dunford. He described the pensioner as a "decent old bat that lived next door to me and who trusted me".
Allen is accused of robbing his home and killing him in April this year.
Allen, who has told the jury that he is a "criminal" who robs people, said: "You say it is robbery but he has **** all to rob. You are trying to say that I robbed him. Why would I kill and rob him when I could go round the corner and rob a shop which has 30 times more things in it?"
Mr Smith asked Allen if he had stolen Mr Dunford's Santander bank card, which the crown believes he tried to use at an ATM machine at a Middlesbrough Sainsbury's shop.
Allen replied: "I have never taken anything from Colin Dunford's house. I will ask you a question about DNA. Was there any of my finger prints found in his house or any DNA? No. He was brutally murdered but no DNA. Julie Davison – brutally murdered but no DNA.
"In this day and age, with the technology available to you, but you can't find DNA in two brutal murders? Mate I feel sorry for you. I feel pity for you because you have these knuckleheads asking you to present this case. I feel sorry for you. You have drawn the short straw."
And during one tense moment Allen threatened Mr Smith after he asked him about a comment he is alleged to have said to a witness about his mother.
Allen said to Mr Smith: "If you mention my mother one more time you will see the dark side of me. My mother passed away a long time ago."
He added: "For your own safety don't ask me that again."
The court was not sitting today and the case is expected to resume tomorrow (Friday)
Allen, formerly of Lothian Road, Middlesbrough, denies two charges of murder.


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Perfect for social media campaigns and blogs. Web photos (up to .5 MP). 1 Seat.
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no people, vertical, indoors, day, close-up, part of, food and drink, food, unhealthy eating, ready to eat, creativity, ornate, cake, flower, artificial, dessert, sweat food, blue, round, white, orange, circular
Ombre cake


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Nance was a week short of her sixth birthday when she and Frank were roused out of bed in the dark and lifted into the buggy, squashed in with bedding, the cooking pots rattling around in the back, and her mother shouting back towards the house, "Good-bye, Rothsay, I hope I never see you again!"
When Kate Grenville's mother died, she left behind many fragments of memoir. These were the starting point for One Life, the story of a woman whose life spanned a century of tumult and change. In many ways Nance's story echoes that of many mothers and grandmothers for whom the spectacular shifts of the 20th century offered a path to new freedoms and choices.
In other ways Nance was exceptional. In an era when women were expected to have no ambitions beyond the domestic, she ran successful businesses as a registered pharmacist, laid the bricks for the family home, and discovered her husband's secret life as a revolutionary.
©2015 Kate Grenville (P)2015 Bolinda Publishing Pty Ltd
"A few sentences of Grenville's makes one realise that much of the writing one encounters in a novel these days is thin and perfunctory." (The Daily Express)
"One Life is a treat further enhanced by a contemplative and intimate narration." (AudioFile)
"A loving and proud tribute to a remarkable mother!"
The best-selling Australian novelist Kate Grenville narrates her own life-enhancing memoir of her mother Nance which unfolds as brilliantly as one of her own novels. Being narrated by her daughter somehow involves the listener even more closely than if it were read by anyone else.
Born in 1912, Nance was Australian rural working class. At school, where there was a place for the ponies of the children who rode to school to be tied up, Nance's teacher gave her a vision of what life and words could offer. She never forgot the lines of Keats' sonnet in which he describes his own awakening on first reading Chapman's translation of Homer, feeling like 'stout Cortez when with eagle eyes / he stared at the Pacific.' Nance never forgot the words or the feeling that life was out there to be discovered.
Unusually for the time, she studied science and after long years of studying and earning enough money to keep herself, she qualified as a pharmacist. It was this rebellious toughness in Nance that Trotskyite Ken Grenville 'esteemed' in her and they married, but although Nance treasured their partnership, she found him a 'cold fish' incapable of tenderness or real love. Opening her own pharmacy - an unbelievably brave venture - was a great success but with two young boys she was forced to give it up when she found the woman hired to look after them in school holidays was locking them in a cupboard to keep them quiet. But she'd struggled long enough to make £700, enough for Ken and her to build their own house.
Memoirs are not usually unswitchoffables, but this one is. It's poignant - the death of Nance's brother as a POW in Thailand; her realisation that Ken has never loved her - and full of the details of tough domestic life before and throughout WW2. But the spirit of the whole is Nance's, this remarkable woman who gave birth to Kate ten years after her sons were born, and who after her marriage ended in her late 50s turned to the comfort of literature, declaring 'If life is the wound, Art is the healer'. Having never forgotten that sonnet of Keats, at aged 53, she enrolled for a literature course at the Sorbonne in Paris and found the treasure of words she had glimpsed all those years before!
Kate Grenville has done her mother proud in bringing alive in every fibre a woman who never thought herself special, but who most certainly was. Don't miss it.
"A lovely surprise"
I chose this book because I like Kate Grenville's writing, I am not usually one for biographies. This book was a delight from beginning to end, Kate's mum was such an amazing woman fighting adversity and coming up trumps.
Kate Grenville narrated it beautifully and it was such a joy to listen to her soft Australian accent and the obvious love she had for this amazing woman.
"For all Australian Women "
Really interesting story and insight into life especially for women last century in Australia. thankyou!
"an ordinary life?"
Loved it! an ordinary life made extraordinary in its courage, fullness and determination. Had to finish!
"Interesting and Informative"
Yes. One couldn't really hear the passion without the narrator. Without a narrator, it'd be just words.
Not knowing love. And having to give up the pharmacy.
No. Some of it got long and drawn out in places.
"A woMan to admire"
Kate Grenville has captured the spirit of her mother, trapped in the cultural construct of Sydney in the 1950's. That spirit, determined to have a life worth living, found a way despite the barriers. The reading itself was captivating, in a tone and with empathy and love for the woman who gave her life and inspiration. I was enthralled and the book triggered so many memories of the women who allowed us, by their sacrifices, to enjoy what they could not, to have a life of choice.
"Excellent Book"
I loved this book from start to finish. All the details brought this one life alive for the reader. Nance was such a likable person, I just wanted it to go on and on.
"A fascinating life"
Beautifully read and wonderfully crafted writing. Such an interesting life, I really enjoyed this novel.
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I would like some input from big boys on what hardtail to go with. I would ride mostly on road with some trail. 6'2" 315
Check out the Kona Hoss or Hoss Deluxe. It will be overkill for the road, but it's designed with larger mountain bikers in mind, and anything less off road would be asking for trouble.
Here's Kona's web site:
'If Wal-Mart sold parachutes, who would jump?' Frank Havnoonian (quoting his father) Drexel Hill Cyclery
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text: Find Your Local NAMI NAMI Denton County Address: NAMI Denton CountyP.O. Box 294131Lewisville, TX 75029 Phone: (469) 248-8789 Email Address: email@example.com Website: http://namidenton.org Serving: Denton County and North Texas To contact or its other NAMI Affiliates, click here. Education, Training and Programs Program Dates Location Details & Registration There are no current or upcoming classes currently scheduled for NAMI Denton County. Please check out 's full list of classes & programs. NAMI Affiliate leaders: Is your information out-of-date? Update it now online or via Member Services.


text: Yogi is a NYC Pom who made his way from Christopher Street all the way to the Upper West Side. He is a good hearted man with lots of love and energy. Not to mention, Yogi doesn't have a mean bone in his body. Yogi loves treats and spending time outdoors with his Mom & Dad.Add to Favorites


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My Jenness Notes
In the early colonial times, when the ancestors of the Jenness family emigrated to America, the entire country was in its primitive state.Tomahawk, bow and arrow and flintlock muskets were the powers in command, and as far as the needs of the colonists were concerned, the country was a wilderness, with wild animals of all sorts roaming the forests, and game and fish in abundance.Now (1906) the Jenness farm in Pittsfield, New Hampshire, is one of the finest and most picturesque in the entire section, and is noted for its beautiful surroundings, fine view, and commodious modern buildings.When the Jenness ancestor came to Deerfield, spinning wheels were in use in every home; clothes were made by hand; tallow candles were dipped and moulded; and the colonists were obliged to clear and build roads to the neighboring settlements.They were among the first to build a Congregational Church, and were prominent in the colony in every direction.
(I)Francis Jenness, whose name was first spelled Jennings, came from England to New Hampshire about 1665, and settled in what is now Newcastle, then known as Great Island.He was born about 1634, in Hampton, England, and died August 27, 1716, aged eighty-two years.After 1671 he resided in Hampton, and the territory which he took up was on the seacoast extending from what is now Philbricks Beach to Straw Point.He was married (first) February 15, 1671, to Hannah Swain, of Hampton, who died February 7, 1700, daughter of William and Prudence (Martin) Swain.In the following year, February 4, 1701, Francis Jenness married Salome, widow of John White.His children, born of the first wife, were: Hannah, Hezekiah, John, Ellinor, Mehitable and Richard.
Src: William R. Cutter, Genealogical and Personal Memoirs Relating to the Families of the State of New Hampshire, pp. 622-23
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Mary Jenness 10/21/00


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Biography: Betty is an English Bulldog diva who LOVES people and other dogs. Her best days are those filled with playing and peanut butter :)
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City View Hotel combines ancient surroundings and unmatched personal service with an address that puts the best sights in the city at your door, we also feature all amenities which will make your stay with us even more comfortable.
The hotel provides everybody with the opportunity to take advantage of this wonderful and exciting destination, so we invite you to come and experience comfort and tranquility at City View Hotel.
City View Hotel is centrally located in Cairo on the northern end of Tahrir Square. The National Museum, Restaurants, Banks, Embassies, and Metro are all within walking distance.
For the comfort of our guests, each of our 20 rooms includes individual air conditioning units, satellite T.V., mini bar, safety deposit box, full bathroom, wireless internet access, and private balcony. All rooms are well furnished with Egyptian ornaments and artwork, many enjoy a breathtaking view of the magnificent Egyptian Museum.
A complimentary breakfast is served daily which includes fresh fruits, vegetables, cheeses, breads, and eggs cooked to order. With a little advance notice upon your arrival, trips to destinations you chose at the schedule you chose, can be arranged. Laundry service is also provided upon request.
The City View hotel has received over 100 recent reviews on sites like Trip Advisor from people all over the world pleased with our outstanding service. We sincerely hope you will give us the opportunity to show you the very definition of hospitality.
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Holy Hell
by Noun
posted on February 26th , 2009
I played with Marissa's other band Screaming Females in Charleston, SC on election day. We all had a lot of fun, and it was nice to see tri-state area buddies when your on the road. Especially when it randomly works out.
Noun is Marissa's solo project, and it's amazing. Check out her myspace to hear more, and go see her slay at guitar in Screaming Females.
- For fans of Bad Canoes, Cheeky, Little Lungs, Screaming Females


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Developmental Delays in someone else's child? Need advice.
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Re: Developmental Delays in someone else's child? Need advice.
Thanks everyone for the support. I do realize the mother does not have a ton of experience around other kids, my son is probably the only other tot she ever sees....it's strange because she will mention things that he does and muse aloud whether or not it's normal, but when I bring it up as an issue, it seems as though she shrugs it off.
To answer the question above about the pediatrician, I am not sure why he doesn't have one. I assumed he would have to considering he was legally a foster child up until a few months ago when the adoption went through. His parents do seem to be sort of the "buck up" types- they were both raised strictly I think and they sort of have a "aw, he will be fine" mentality about a lot of things, if that makes sense. Also, mom seems kind of flighty at times- she brought him over with ringworm without telling me, and then proceeds to tell me that she was dewormed with the farm animals as a kid so she didn't think she could get it (ringworm is a fungus for those of you not in the know
), she forgets to pay me regularly, she forgets his car seat on days when I have it/ need it, etc. Sometimes I think maybe she just doesn't notice what I do.
Dad did pick him up today, and we talked a bit. He shares my concern about the food-holding/ not-swallowing, but they just approach things differently. Apparently they spoke last night and they think the drooling and swallowing are discipline issues, like perhaps they need to "get on to him more to wipe his face, and that will make him stop drooling." /facepalm He claims he doesn't notice the shaking, which is fairly interesting considering my husband, who is around E for about 3 minutes every day, brought it to my attention! If you are not around someone the bulk of their day, and you don't know what is developmentally appropriate, it probably is a bit surprising when someone outside your family brings things like that to your attention. I do feel good about talking to the dad today, I think at least the swallowing problem will get addressed and hopefully the physician checks out the other stuff.
Originally Posted by
I would stay out of it. You expressed your concerns now the only choice you have to make is to or not to continue care.
He would probably benefit from intervention but he needs to see specialists and not have those on the internet guessing diagnosis. There is probably a lot more in the family history than you know or even they know and that is where to start. There are many of us who will NOT use early intervention through the state - I would not for personal reasons and they aren't the be all and end all. Given their situation, it would not be what I would recommend vs. finding really good specialists to look at the full issues. Early intervention don't have the full training a specialist does. BUT, not your child. You mentioned it and leave it at that.
Thanks for the reply. I think you should know you come off a bit rude here. I don't recall asking anyone on the forum to guess his diagnosis. My guess as to palsy or autism spectrum was labeled as such, a guess, and I do know he needs to see a specialist. That is basically my whole point. I see that you feel strongly about state care. Honestly, personally I feel the same way for my own family, for reasons perhaps the same or different from your own. I bring it up here as I know the family and I am aware of their financial situation, and it seemed like a good place for me to start as far as speaking with them about it. However, this is hardly the point. I was looking for moral support (from mothers who may have had a similar situation) and good suggestions, perhaps a bit of opinion to see where everyone else would go with the situation. Maybe you should start a thread about why you don't like state-sponsored speech therapy. It seems like you have a really big opinion about that, which is fine, but my thread isn't the place for it.
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- Planning
- Skills
- Information Literacy
- Technologies
- Staffing/Partners
- Marketing
- Assessment
- Professional Development
Why should you provide virtual reference?
Breitbach, William, Matthew Mallard, and Robert Sage. "Using Meebo's Embedded IM for Academic Reference Services: A Case Study." Reference Services Review 37, no. 1 (2009): 83-98. doi:10.1108/00907320910935011.
Kipnis, Daniel. G., and Gary E. Kaplan. "Analysis and Lessons Learned Instituting an Instant Messaging Reference Service at an Academic Health Sciences Library: The First Year." Medical Reference Services Quarterly 27, no. 1 (2008): 33-51. doi:10.1080/02763860802080119. http://jdc.jefferson.edu/dan_kipnis/10/
McCulley, Lucretia, and Olivia Reinauer. "Connecting with AIM: The Search for a Virtual Reference Niche."College & Undergraduate Libraries 13, no. 4 (2006): 43-54. doi:10.1300/il 06v I 3n04̱04.
What is your budget?
Collaborative/Statewide VR Programs
Breidenbaugh, Andrew. "Budget Planning and Performance Measures for Virtual Reference Services." Reference Librarian 46, no. 95/96 (2006): 113-124.
Eakin, Lori, and Jeffrey Pomerantz. "Virtual Reference, Real Money: Modeling Costs in Virtual Reference Services."portal: Libraries & the Academy 9, no. 1 (2009): 133-164.
Planning on a Low Budget
Dalston, Teresa, and Michael Pullin, eds. Virtual Reference on a Budget: Case Studies. Columbus, OH: Linworth Publishing Company, 2007.
VR Budget
Kern, M. Kathleen. Virtual Reference Best Practices: Tailoring Services to Your Library. Chicago: American Library Association, 2009.
MARS Digital Reference Guidelines Ad Hoc Committee. "Guidelines for Implementing and Maintaining Virtual Reference Services." Section 4.3 Finances. Last modified June 2004. http://www.ala.org/rusa/resources/guidelines/virtrefguidelines.
Marsteller, Matthew, and Susan Ware. "Models for Measuring & Evaluating Reference Costs: A Comparative Analysis of Traditional and Virtual Reference Services." Presented at the Virtual Reference Desk Annual Conference, San Antonio, TX, November 17, 2003. http://repository.cmu.edu/lib_science/68/.
What will your policies look like?
Cleveland, Ana D., and Jodi L. Philbrick. "Virtual Reference Services for the Academic Health Sciences Librarian 2.0." Medical Reference Services Quarterly 26, no. S1 (2007): 25-49.
Coffman, Steve. Going Live: Starting & Running a Virtual Reference Service. Chicago: American Library Association, 2003.
Kern, Kathleen, and Esther Gillie. "Virtual Reference Policies: An Examination of Current Practices." In The Virtual Reference Experience: Integrating Theory into Practice, edited by R.D. Lankes, Joseph Janes, Linda C. Smith, and Christina M. Finneran, 165-184. New York: Neal Schuman, 2004.
Kibbee, Jo. "Librarians Without Borders? Virtual Reference Service to Unaffiliated Users." The Journal of Academic Librarianship 32, no. 5 (2006): 467-473.
Lankes, R. David, Charles R. McClure, Melissa Gross, and Jeffrey Pomerantz. Implementing Digital Reference Services: Setting Standards and Making it Real. Neal-Schuman Publishers, 2003.
Lipow, Anne Grodzins. The Virtual Reference Librarian's Handbook. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, 2003.
Ronan, Jana, and Carol Turner. SPEC Kit 273: Chat Reference. Washington, D.C.: Association of Research Libraries, 2002. Policies and Guidelines on pages 68-89. Available at http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015051577289;view=1up;seq=1
Weismantel, Arlene and Christine Tobias. "Exploring Service Quality in Cooperative Reference." Video, 6:48. Posted January 31, 2012. http://youtu.be/rrdbOe2du10.
Conduct an Effective Reference Interview
Bopp, R.E, & Smith, L.C. (Eds.). Reference and Information Services: An Introduction (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2011).
"Guidelines for Behavioral Performance of Reference and Information Service Providers," Reference and User Services Association (RUSA), accessed August 28, 2013, http://www.ala.org/rusa/resources/guidelines/guidelinesbehavioral.
"Infopeople Workshop - Reference Interview Skills," Infopeople, accessed August 28, 2013, http://www.infopeople.org/training/past/2004/reference.
Kovacs, Diane, Virtual Reference Handbook: Interview and Information Delivery Techniques for the Chat and E-Mail Environments (New York : Neal-Schuman, 2007).
"Module 2. Interview: Ohio Reference Excellence (ORE)," Ohio Library Council, updated June 2008, accessed August 28, 2013, http://www.olc.org/ore/2intro.htm.
Ross, C.S, Nilsen, K., and Radford, M.L. Conducting the Reference Interview : A How-to-do-it Manual for Librarians. (New York : Neal-Schuman, 2009).
"Virtual Reference Bibliography," Rutgers School of Communication and Information, accessed August 28, 2013, http://vrbib.rutgers.edu/.
Evaluate Online Reference Transactions for Improvement
Hirko, Buff and Mary Bucher Ross. Virtual Reference Training: The Complete Guide to Providing Anytime, Anywhere Answers. Chicago: American Library Association, 2004. See esp. chap. 7, "Learning Activities: Taking the User Perspective," and appendix D, "Secret Patron Scenarios."
"How To Be A Secret Patron," Answerland, accessed October 30, 2014, https://www.answerland.org/blog/201012/how-be-secret-patron.
Minkin, Rachel, and Suzanne Bernsten. "What Makes Great Virtual Reference Service: A Madlibs Method of Discovery." Presentation at the Association of College & Research Libraries Conference, Indianapolis, IN, April 2013. http://tinyurl.com/btjsvfq.
Radford, Marie, and Lynn Silipigni Connaway. "Seeking Synchronicity: Evaluating Virtual Reference Services from User, Non-User, and Librarian Perspectives." (working paper, OCLC Research, Dublin, OH, 2008). http://www.oclc.org/research/activities/synchronicity.html.
"What Makes Great Virtual Reference Service: A Madlibs Method of Discovery (Handout)," Rachel Minkin and Suzanne Bernsten, accessed August 12, 2013, http://tinyurl.com/bnd2zfd.
"Research Help Now (RHN) Best Chat Transcript Rubric," Research Help Now, accessed August 12, 2013, http://tinyurl.com/RHNBestTranscriptRubric.
Weak, Emily and Lili Luo (2013), Collaborative Virtual Reference Service: Lessons from the Past Decade, in Anne Woodsworth, W. David Penniman (ed.) Mergers and Alliances: The Operational View and Cases (Advances in Librarianship, Volume 37), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp.81-112.
Woodard, Beth. S. "Training and Continual Learning for Staff." In Reference and Information Services: An Introduction, edited by Richard Bopp and Linda Smith, 261-301. Denver, CO: Librarians Unlimited, 2011.
Create and Apply Reference Policies
"24/7 Reference Cooperative Policies and Procedures," QuestionPoint, accessed August 12, 2013, http://wiki.questionpoint.org/w/page/13839422/247-Policies.
"Ask Us 24/7 Policies and Procedures," Ask Us 24/7, last modified April 2011, accessed August 12, 2013, http://www.askus247.org/librarians/askuspolicies.pdf.
Hirko, Buff and Mary Bucher Ross. Virtual Reference Training: The Complete Guide to Providing Anytime, Anywhere Answers. Chicago: American Library Association, 2004. See esp. appendix E, "Policies and Procedures."
"Mutual Respect and Acceptable Behavior Policy," AskColorado, accessed August 12, 2013, http://www.askcolorado.org/ask-colorado-mutual-respect-and-acceptable-behavior-guidelines/.
"Research Help Now (Michigan Virtual Reference Service Collaborative): Manual of Policies and Procedures," Research Help Now, accessed August 12, 2013, http://www.researchhelpnow.org/documents/VR_Manual_Policies_and_Procedures_2012.pdf.
Ronan, Jana Smith. Chat Reference: A Guide to Virtual Reference Services. Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited, 2003. See esp. chap. 8, "Guidelines and Policies for Reference in Real Time."
"Site Supervisor Manual for Ask Us 24/7," Ask Us 24/7, last modified June 2011, accessed August 12, 2013,http://www.askus247.org/info/site_supervisor_manual.pdf.
"Your Privacy," AskColorado, accessed August 12, 2013, http://www.askcolorado.org/your-privacy-2/.
Use Various Communication Methods and Tools Effectively
American Library Association. Virtual Reference: A Selected Annotated Bibliography. ALA Library Fact Sheet 19, last modified August 2006, accessed July 31, 2013, http://www.ala.org/tools/libfactsheets/alalibraryfactsheet19.
Bailey, Jody. "Informal Screencasting: Results of a Customer-Satisfaction Survey With a Convenience Sample." New Library World 113, nos. 1/2 (2012): 7-26, accessed July 31, 2013, doi.org/10.1108/03074801211199013.
Breitbach, William, and Adolfo G. Prieto. "Text Reference via Google Voice: A Pilot Study." Library Review 61, no. 3 (2012): 188-198, accessed July 31, 2013, doi.org/10.1108/00242531211259319.
Information Literacy
Burke, John. Neal-Schuman LIbrary Technology Companion: A Basic Guide for Library Staff. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, 2006.
Coffman, Steve. "We'll Take It From Here: Further Developments We'd Like to See in Virtual Reference Software." Information Technology & Libraries 20, no. 3 (2001): 149-153.
Kern, M. Kathleen. Virtual Reference Best Practices: Tailoring Service to Your Library. Chicago: American Library Association, 2009.
Lihitkar, Shalini R. "Establishing a Virtual Reference Service." DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technolog 31, no. 1 (2011): 31-34.
Lipow, Anne Grodzins. The Virtual Reference Librarian's Handbook. Berkeley: Library Solutions Press, 2003.
LIS Wiki Chat Reference Libraries: http://liswiki.org/wiki/Chat_reference_libraries
Meola, Marc, and Sam Stormont. Starting and Operating Live Virtual Reference Services: A How-to-Do-It Manual for Librarians. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, 2002.
Thomsett-Scott, Beth C. Implementing Virtual Reference Services: A LITA Guide ALA TechSource, 2013.
Virtual Reference: A Selected Annotated Bibliography: http://www.ala.org/tools/libfactsheets/alalibraryfactsheet19
Weismantel, Arlene and Christine Tobias. "Exploring Service Quality in Cooperative Reference." Video, 6:48. Posted January 31, 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rrdbOe2du10&context=C4d3d4dcADvjVQa1PpcFO35LBKEqBI_45Fmu5_KF1Ql3M_KYVhits.
Articles & Books
Bishop, Bradley Wade and Matt Torrence. "Virtual Reference Services: Consortium versus Stand-Alone." College & Undergraduate Libraries 13, no. 4 (2007): 117-127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J106v13n04_08
Duncan, Vicky and Angie Gerrard. "All Together Now! Integrating Virtual Reference in the Academic Library." Reference & User Services Quarterly 50, no. 3 (2011): 280-292.
Kern, M. Kathleen. Virtual Reference Best Practices : Tailoring Services to Your Library. Chicago: American Library Association, 2009.
Lankes, R. David, Marilyn Domas White, Eileen G. Abels, and Saira N. Haque. Virtual Reference Desk: Creating a Reference Future. The Virtual Reference Desk Series. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, 2006.
Nicol, Erica Carlson and Linda Crook. "Now it's Necessary: Virtual Reference Services at Washington State University, Pullman." The Journal of Academic Librarianship 39, no. 2 (2013): 161-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2012.09.017
Powers, Amanda Clay, David Nolen, Li Zhang, Yue Xu, and Gail Peyton. "Moving from the Consortium to the Reference Desk: Keeping Chat and Improving Reference at the MSU Libraries." Internet Reference Services Quarterly 15, no. 3 (2010): 169-188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10875301.2010.500939
Guidelines & Policies
RUSA Guidelines for Implementing and Maintaining Virtual Reference Services – has numerous parts on staffing, including a personnel section
QuestionPoint Wiki - includes Policies and Procedures
IFLA Digital Reference Guidelines
Weismantel, Arlene and Christine Tobias. Exploring Service Quality in Cooperative Reference. Video, 6:47. 2011. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rrdbOe2du10
Kern, M. K. "Looking at the Bigger Picture: An Integrated Approach to Evaluation of Chat Reference Services." Reference Librarian 46, no. 95 (2006): 99-112. doi: 10.1300/J120v46n95_07
Luo, Lili. "Chat Reference Evaluation: a Framework of Perspectives and Measures."Reference Services Review 36, no. 1 (2008): 71–85. doi:10.1108/00907320810852041.
Novotny, Eric. Assessing reference and user services in a digital age. New York: Haworth Information Press, 2012.
Wan, Gang (Gary), et al. Key Issues Surrounding Virtual Chat Reference Model: A Case Study. 37, no. 1 (2009): 73-82. doi:10.1108/00907320910937299
Service Quality/Customer Service
Kwon, Nahyun, and Vicki L. Gregory. "The Effects of Librarians' Behavioral Performance on User Satisfaction in Chat Reference Services." Reference & User Services Quarterly 47, no.2 (2007): 137-48. doi: 10.5860/rusq.47n2
Maximek, Sarah, Eric Rushton, and Elizabeth Brown. "Coding into the Great Unknown: Analyzing Instant Messaging Session Transcripts to Identify User Behaviors and Measure Quality of Service." College & Research Libraries 71, no. 4 (2010): 361–373.
Pomerantz, Jeffrey, Lili Luo, and Charles McClure. "Peer Review of Chat Reference Transcripts: Approaches and Strategies." Library & Information Science Research 28, no. 1 (2006): 24–48. doi:10.1016/j.lisr.2005.11.004
Turel, Ofir, Catherine E. Connelly, Glenda M. Fisk. "Service with an e-smile: Employee authenticity and customer use of web-based support services." Information & Management 50, no. 1-2 (2013): 98-104. doi:10.1016/j.im.2013.02.004
Weismantel, Arlene and Christine Tobias. "Exploring Service Quality in Cooperative Reference." Video, 6:48. Posted January 31, 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rrdbOe2du10&context=C4d3d4dcADvjVQa1PpcFO35LBKEqBI_45Fmu5_KF1Ql3M_KYVhits.
Service Process/Usage Statistics
Graybill, Jolie Ogg, and Tracy Bicknell-Holmes. "Location, Location, Location: The Impact of IM Widget Placement." College & Undergraduate Libraries 20, no.1 (2013): 72-86. doi:10.1080/10691316.2013.761081
Houlson, Van, Kate McCready, and Carla Steinberg Pfahl. "A Window into our Patron's Needs: Analyzing Data from Chat Transcripts." Internet Reference Services Quarterly 11, no.4 (2006): 19-39. doi:10.1300/J136v11n04_02
Naylor, Sharon, Bruce Stoffel, and Der Laan Van. "Why Isn't our Chat Reference used More?: Finding of Focus Group Discussions with Undergraduate Students." Reference & User Services Quarterly 47, no. 4 (2008): 342-54. doi: 10.5860/rusq.47n4
Nolen, David, Amanda Clay Powers, Li Zhang, and Yue Xu . "Moving Beyond Assumptions: The Use of Virtual Reference Data in an Academic Library." Portal: Libraries and the Academy 12, no. 1 (2012): 23–40. doi: 10.1353/pla.2012.0006
Powers, Amanda Clay, Julie Shedd, and Clay Hill. "The Role of Virtual Reference in Library Web Site Design: A Qualitative Source for Usage Data." Journal of Web Librarianship 5, no.2 (2011): 96-113. doi: 10.1080/19322909.2011.573279
Maness, Jack M., Sarah Naper, and Jayati Chaudhuri. "The Good, the Bad, but mostly the Ugly: Adherence to RUSA Guidelines during Encounters with Inappropriate Behavior Online." Reference & User Services Quarterly 49.2 (2009): 151-62. doi: 10.5860/rusq.49n2
Pittman, Kim and Gardner, Gabriel. "Ask Us! Creating, Assessing, and Improving Chat Reference Services in Your Library", 2012 . (presentation, Minnesota Library Association's Academic and Research Libraries Division (ARLD) Day, Chaska, MI, 27 April 2012)
RUSA Task Force on Professional Competencies. "Marketing/Awareness/Informing - Assessment." Professional Competencies for Reference and User Services Librarians, January 26, 2003. http://www.ala.org/rusa/resources/guidelines/professional
Thomsett-Scott, Beth. Implementing virtual reference services. Chicago: American Library Association, 2013.
Professional Development
Primary Research Group. Virtual Reference Benchmarks. N.p.: Primary Research Group, 2014.
Thomsett-Scott, Beth, ed. Implementing Virtual Reference Services: A LITA Guide. Chicago: ALA TechSource, 2013.
Kern, M. Kathleen. Virtual Reference Best Practices: Tailoring Services to Your Library. Chicago: American Library Association, 2009.
Kovacs, Diane. The Virtual Reference Handbook: Interview and Information Delivery Techniques for the Chat and E-Mail Environments. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, 2007.
Lankes, R. David, Scott Nicholson, Marie L. Radford, Joanne Silverstein, Lynn Westbrook, and Philip Nast, eds. Virtual Reference Service: From Competencies to Assessment. Virtual Reference Desk Series. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, 2007.
Hirko, Buff, and Mary Bucher Ross. Virtual Reference Training: The Complete Guide to Providing Anytime, Anywhere Answers. Chicago: American Library Association, 2004.
Coffman, Steve. Going Live: Starting & Running a Virtual Reference Service. Chicago: American Library Association, 2003.
Lankes, R. David, Charles R. McClure, Melissa Gross, and Jeffrey Pomerantz, eds. Implementing Digital Reference Services: Setting Standards and Making it Real. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, 2003.
Lipow, Anne Grodzins. The Virtual Reference Librarian's Handbook. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, 2003.
QuestionPoint: 24/7 reference services
Library Success: A Best Practices Wiki
Virtual Reference: A Selected Annotated Bibliography (ALA)
LIBREF-L: This list serv provides a moderated discussion of issues related to reference librarianship, including, but not limited to virtual reference.
Web4Lib: This mailing "is for the discussion of issues relating to the creation, management, and support of library-based World-Wide Web servers, services, and applications," includes the technical aspects of a virtual reference service.
Quick Tips for Successful Virtual Reference
"Way Sweet" or "Just Wrong:" Users and Librarians Reveal Critical Factors for Virtual Reference Service Excellence (ALA Annual 2009)


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Mac_Fife wrote:The mods need to be allowed the time to do their jobs properly.
Time… is fixed… patience runs out… which is why I would like to see more members take responsibility in a forum. Hopefully they would reduce the work load for moderators.
I think forums with the search first rule and poor treatment of those asking questions show the rule could be written better. We know this sort of thing happens. So, we adjust the rule. After all, it is not a license to be rude to those that break it. I hope pointing that out makes a difference.


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