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Snowboard Review: 11-12 Never Summer Proto CT
09 Feb, 2011
Location: Mammoth, CA
Snow Conditions: Hardpacked to softpacked to icy groomers.
Setup: I rode the Never Summer Proto CT with Union Team bindings and Vans Veil Boots size 8.
Size: 152cm.
First Impression: The middle of the road between the SL and the Evo
Weight: Average
Flex: The Proto CT is definitely a mix between the SL and Evo. The flex is torsinally softer so you can on edge quicker but also stiffer underfoot and stiffer in the nose/tail even though you can still press it up. A step up from the evo on flex, so slightly stiffer but not dramatically different. I'm riding a 53 SL at the same time and it does ride different than the SL so right between SL and evo. The Never Summer Proto CT is RC Technology which is a mix of rocker and camber, rocker between the feet and camber just outside both of the bindings.
Turning: Quick response and snap in this board, the torsional flex is softer so even as you are standing on the board you can twist it easily. I really liked the shorter quicker turns on the proto ct, the longer turns weren't as strong as the short ones. The vario grip holds a good edge on the hardpacked icy spots (even in the pipe) and the RC gives you forgiveness when you could have caught an edge.
Stable: I'm riding a smaller size that I'd normally just ride for park so when the runs are groomed, it's perfection but definitely for riding fast, you don't feel as stable. With the evo dampening on the proto ct you definitely don't have as much absorbing when you get to higher speeds, it's noticeably along the same lines as the evo I was riding so you can feel bounced around. Holds an edge on the icy hardpacked days and in the pipe, light swingweight so it's playful.
Pop: Right away I felt comfortable with the pop on this board and found the sweet spot so I started hitting the jump line. Good pop and fun to jump, makes landings a bit more cushioning so you absorb them better. I played with the board on the AcroBag jumps but also on smaller fun jumps. On boxes it's not catchy and comfortable to ride. In the pipe it holds an edge fine but you definitely notice the softer flex.
Switch: The proto CT is a true twin and rode like a true twin when I switched around to switch riding. It wasn't catchy and didn't have any flex difference.
Overall Impression: Definitely an all mountain true twin that delivers up the best of the evo and SL into one board. For the mix of riding jumps to freeriding, this board has good pop and still playful but can get serious when you want it to. It's not a very damp board so don't expect it to be absorb chop/bumps as well as the SL does but for cruising park and groomers, it gives you an all mountain ride.
Shay's Honesty Box: I was definitely wondering how I'd react to this board since I enjoy riding the evo and prefer the evo over the SL. The proto CT is definitely a board I'd ride all the time because it's fun but you can still freeride with. It is funny that everyone thinks it's a chick board though because of the graphics.
Ready to buy? Head over to evo for the Never Summer Proto or shop their full line of Never Summer snowboards
On Snow Photo
Never Summer Proto CT description
Review Disclosure: I received this board from Never Summer and gave it to P3 board shop in Mammoth Lakes for their demo fleet.
About the author
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23 Comments
February 09, 2011
Currently on the 157. At 190 lb. Didn't notice getting bounced around too much, but I'm on a significantly bigger size. Agree with you on the longer turns, wish the sidecut was a little more mellow. Other than that, I'm liking the board a lot. Definitely great pop out of the tail. I think moving up to the 160 would be perfect for me to get a little less sidecut and a bit more effective edge.
February 09, 2011
theres all the additional info on all NS boards
February 09, 2011
Cool. Looking forward to possibly demoing one within the next month.
February 09, 2011
Almost stomping the AcroBag with your head! Haha I wish I had known about that. I would have probably done the same. =)
February 10, 2011
Can't wait to demo this board. Might just be the end of a long quest.
February 13, 2011
I saw that you were riding a 153 sl as well as the proto ct, I was wondering if you could comment on the differences between these 2 boards. I was all set to go with the 158 sl for my next board, but am really curious to see how you compared those 2 boards to each other. I spend the vast majority of my time charging the mountain, hitting kickers and horsing around, virtually no park or pipe….thanks for your input, you have a great website that is really helpful.
February 17, 2011
Goes to show how different riders can have pretty different views on a board.
I found it to be torsionally on the stiffer side. I also would like it to have a slightly more aggressive sidecut. But I my other boards do have a smaller waist width so it's just a matter of what I'm used to. I found shorter turns weren't as responsive as I would have liked.
I am 180lbs and ride the 157 Proto. I tried it with both Flow FSE and Rome 390 Boss bindings. Size 10 2008 Burton TWC boots with the Flow and size 9.5 2011 Restricted hails with the bosses.
On the Flows, the edge to edge improved due to my larger boot and Flow's inherent edge response increasing design.
This board does pop very nicely and I agree that it is a really good true twin all-mountain freestyle board. The flex is just past middle-of-the-road for me which is what I like in my all-mountain freestyle sticks.
March 09, 2011
I found out my footsize was too big for the never summer infinity. Then I got an advice to get the SL 151. But would the Proto CT be better for me, because I'm a girl?
Or just look for something totally else?
Just looking for some advice around here to find the perfect board for me!
(I'm 5'9 and 130 lbs, size 9. snowboarded for 4 weeks). Tanks in advance.
March 15, 2011
Hmmm, I found my answer allready. It's not going to work for me.
But thanks for your site! it's very usefull.
March 17, 2011
You can read a review of the CTX on Goneboarding – http://www.goneboarding.co.uk/features/never-summer-2012-board-review/featureid/74/showfeature.aspx
April 05, 2011
Shot up to Copper yesterday and was surprised to find the NS tent set up. Got to demo the Proto CT. This will be the must have stick for next year. Super playfull, stable enough for some turns and medium speeds, poppy, good on jumps, very light on your feet. All mountain capable and I mean all mountain. I took it everywhere I could gain access too on the mountain. Doesn't float powder quite as well as some other reverse camber designs, but still better than my old camber boards. It just fills you with the confidence of invincibility. A little stiffer than the Evo, but not as stiff as a Machete. Hands down the funnest board I have ever been on. I liked it so much I tried to buy it from the demo booth. No dice. Some lame excuse about needing to share it with others. Darn!
June 27, 2011
Hey Shay. Im massively stuck between the Proto CT and the 2012 Evo, im an intermediate rider and spend 70% of my time in the Park, just started landing 360's and looking to progress my grinds/butters/jumping to the next level, but also be able to shred it with my all mountain crew every now and again….would appreciate your thoughts on what to you go with?
July 04, 2011
Hi Shay
Still loving your site. Didn't think I wanted to replace my 09 SL-R until I heard about the Proto, but I'm a bit confused if you don't mind elaborating for a sec. So I keep hearing that the Proto combines the flex of the SL with the damping of the Evo, but isn't this a combo of the worst things (relatively speaking) of the two? Wouldn't the ideal mix be the flex of the Evo with the superior damping of the SL (plus a true twin like the Evo)? I probably sound pedantic but since I've never tried an Evo, it doesn't sound like these are the best qualities of those two boards to combine on paper. There's part of me that really wants to get the Proto as my new all mountain board for more playfulness, but many previous Evo reviews talk about it not holding so well in the chop as the SL. Would love to hear your or anyone else's clarification on this.
July 06, 2011
Thanks Shay, decided to go with the Evo in the end…
July 11, 2011
Thanks Shay.
Sorry, but right now I'm so torn on just going all the way fun with a Revolver, vs a bit more stable in the Proto. Ok, one more very quick question, as you pretty much can pick what you want to ride and it seems like I'd be hitting what you do terrain wise. Has riding the Proto made you want to give up your Evo, if you could only ride one of those two the rest of the season? Or is the Evo still so much more fun that a little chatter is no big deal?
Thank again for helping out a guy without the option of a demo day.
August 25, 2011
I'm 6'2 215lbs with size 12 boots. I spend most of my time riding all over the mountain…probably 20% park. What do you think would be best…the 158 or 160? Thanks!
November 21, 2011
this board rips! flat out! Everything about it is on point!


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Two bills moved forward that would make $250 million available for the rail project for fiscal year 2014.
It's part of the full-funding grant agreement that was signed in December 2012, which secures $1.5 billion in federal funding overall for the life of the project.
"And with that agreement, we're seeing a full commitment from the House and Senate," Honolulu Mayor Kirk Caldwell said.
"It's a significant step forward. It's a great day for us and it just means that we are looking forward that much more to getting this project in and built for the community here in Oahu," Honolulu Authority for Rapid Transportation Executive Director and CEO Dan Grabauskas said.
This is the single-largest grant for any project anywhere in the United States.

subset: commoncrawl


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"…being too busy to train is the moral equivalent of being too hungry to eat." – Ben Horowitz
The weekend edition of the Wall Street Journal highlighted a recent NBER study on "The Value of Bosses." Researchers measured productivity of employees at a large technology firm and uncovered three insights:
1. The quality of the boss greatly affects worker productivity. Replacing a lousy boss (in the bottom 10 percent) with a great boss (in the top 10 percent) enhanced productivity as much as adding another worker to a nine-member team.
2. The boss's biggest contribution was teaching productive skills.
3. As the WSJ phrased it, "The study found, counterintuitively, that it pays to assign the best workers to the best bosses, because that strategy results in the largest productivity gains."
While all of these findings are interesting, I am particularly intrigued by #2. We don't typically think of bosses as teachers. Perhaps we think of them as motivators, as mentors who offer guidance, or as managers who monitor and evaluate our performance. But teaching skills? Not so much.
Venture capitalist Ben Horowitz has an excellent blog post on "Why Startups Should Train Their People." He quotes from Andy Grove's book High Output Management.
"Most managers seem to feel that training employees is a job that should be left to others. I, on the other hand, strongly believe that the manager should do it himself."
Horowitz describes how chapter 16 of Groves' book, "Why Training is The Boss's Job," changed his career.
When Ben first became director of product management at Netscape he saw training as a good idea, but his personal experience with training programs was "underwhelming." Courses were taught by outsiders who "didn't really understand our business and were teaching things that weren't relevant." But most product managers on Horowitz' team were adding little value to the company and something needed to be done.
So, based on Groves' advice, Ben drafted a document spelling out the differences between good product managers and bad project managers and used it to teach his people exactly what they needed to do to meet his expectations. Horowitz describes the dramatic results.
"I was shocked by what happened next. The performance of my team instantly improved. Product managers that I previously thought were hopeless became effective. Pretty soon, I was managing the highest performing team in the company."


text:
New Lumasense Thermal Imaging Camera Line
For Stationary Infrared Temperature Measurement & Industrial Monitoring Over a Broad Applications Range
Santa Clara CA, USA –??? LumaSense Technologies, Inc. has introduced a new line of highly configurable thermal imaging cameras specifically designed for use in harsh environments.
The MC320 line for infrared thermography features uniquely configured optics and detectors that enable the cameras to be tuned to specific infrared wavelengths and optimal performance to best suit a particular application.
This flexibility means the MC320 platform is a cost-effective solution for a wide range of applications including process control, predictive maintenance, safety and critical vessel monitoring.
Integrating the infrared camera expertise acquired from Mikron Infrared Inc. and the Vanadium Oxide (VOx) detector technology recently acquired from infrared detector maker ITC, the MC320 line will become LumaSense???s flagship platform for its fixed industrial thermal imaging solutions.
Leveraging this integrated approach between camera design, optics and detectors coupled with LumaSense???s comprehensive software will enable a wide variety of turnkey solutions for various industries such as energy, steel, glass, and refining, among others.
???One size does not fit all in the world of industrial infrared imaging,??? said Brett Sargent, Vice President/General Manager of Products at LumaSense.
???The MC320 line enables LumaSense to offer highly accurate, flexible thermal imaging solutions to a wide variety of industries. With the MC320 IR imaging camera platform, we can cost-effectively customize the lens, power source, calibration profile and even the wavelength detected to provide the best possible temperature measurement solution.???
The majority of industrial thermal IR cameras on the market are long wave cameras operating in the 7-14 micron wavelengths, which are best suited to applications with lower temperatures and in environment without interference.
Mid-wave cameras operating in the 3-7 micron spectrum are particularly effective for seeing through interference such as flames and also perform well when measuring the temperature of highly reflective materials such as glass and plastics, but historically have used exotic and expensive detector materials.
The new thermal imager platform MC320 for non-contact temperature measurement supports the widest range of mid-wave VOx based cameras available on the market today applying application specific wavelengths and temperature ranges.
Each stationary thermal imager model is tuned to perform in the most demanding industrial applications providing the best sensitivity and thermal image quality (thermovision) available in this price range measuring on metal and ceramics, on non-metal surfaces, through flames and hot gases, and glass surfaces with typical applications in monitoring vessels and furnaces, rolling processes, rotary kilns, and quality monitoring in glass production.
Learn more online at:?? .www.lumasenseinc.com/EN/products/thermal-imagers-detectors-and-cores/stationary-thermal-imagers/stationary-thermal-imagers.html
About LumaSense Technologies
LumaSense Technologies, Inc. provides temperature and gas sensing solutions that optimize the performance of equipment, environments and organizations. We are a trusted partner to both end-user and original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), drawing on our proven technologies and deep industry expertise to develop state-of-the-art infrared and fiber optic temperature sensors, radiometric thermal imagers and gas analyzers. With offices in Asia, Europe and the Americas, LumaSense is ideally positioned to serve the needs of the energy, industrial and clean technology markets worldwide.
LumaSense Technologies Inc.
Johannes Overhues
3301 Leonard Court
Santa Clara CA, 95054 USA
Email: email@example.com
Tel: +1 800 631 0176
Website: www.lumasenseinc.com
Reference: //www.volta.net/companies/new-thermal-imaging-cameras-for-stationary-infrared-temperature-measurement-and-industrial-monitoring-113750/
Listing No.: 113750
Listing added: March 14, 2012 11:21 am


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Ruined Pages
Padraic Fiacc
About the book…
An update of the 1994 edition of his selected poems, Ruined Pages gathers together the best of Fiacc's work from his early poems right up to his most prominent work on the Troubles.
His work has garnered criticism from some quarters but there is no doubting the rawness and unflinching accounts of his experiences. A profoundly religious and intellectually daring poet, who played an integral part in documenting the ethical and social collapse that surrounded him.
But behind the chaos and barbarity there lies a gentleness, a humanity that acknowledges the pervasive sense of lost innocence.


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My two custom painted Protos
Last edited by bianch342; 05-08-2009 at 08:17 PM.
Also, the photos aren't showing up...
"Use one hand to keep the chuck from popping off the valve, the other hand to pump. Switch hands every so often so you don't wind up looking like a fiddler crab." -Wim
Last edited by bianch342; 12-09-2009 at 09:57 AM.
very nice rides. whats your home address?
Sunny San Diego Ca. Thanks
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Price: $0.99
Temporary Lock: Android Apps Written Review
Looking for some "on demand" protection for your mobile phone or tablet? Want to control when you use a screen lock to keep strangers from accessing personal information on your device? Then the Temporary Lock app from developer A++ Apps is just the app for you!
The Temporary Lock app is your key to manage when you apply security on your mobile device. When you initially access the app, you will be prompted to generate a 4 digit numeric pass code and then confirm it. Upon confirmation a message will appear requesting you to activate the temporary phone lock. This is specifically for those times when you need to lock your device, not necessarily all the time. It's like have a lock on your door that you only use when you want to use it versus a door that locks every time it closes. Activating the app will allow you to change of the screen unlock password, and also let you control how and when the screen will lock.
Once you set and confirm your 4-digit numeric pass code, when you want to access your phone, you will simply enter in the pass code and disable the lock and then you will be prompted with your regular initial screen.
Appearance and Layout
The overall appearance of the Temporary Lock app is simple and basic, in a good way. Its primary purpose is to provide "as needed" protection and security for your mobile device, so features such as fancy graphics and eye-catching animations are not necessary. It is easy to use, and simple to figure out, just like its main function. The single step app navigation suits any user, of any age or background. With an ad-free layout, users can have a hassle-free, secure experience.
For those who find themselves in situations where you just want to secure you phone "now", not "all the time", such as when you leave your phone on a co-worker's desk for charging, the Temporary Lock app is very handy and security ensuring. For those who are looking for that "once in a while" protection they will likely find this app worth purchasing. It costs less than a dollar, so if you want to keep snoopy people at bay, then get this app and better be safe than sorry!
Android Apps Review Details: Temporary Lock is $0.99. This app's Android requirement requires 2.2 and up. A small expedite fee was paid by the developer to speed up the publication of this review.
You may download Temporary Lock from the Android Market.
"The best Android apps are reviewed by AndroidAppsReview.com"


text: In article <3jf20p$6et at lyra.csx.cam.ac.uk>, rgs at mole.bio.cam.ac.uk (Robert Solomon (Bioc)) writes: > borsang at dibit.hsr.it (Giuseppe Borsani) writes: > >>Does anybody have any suggestion on how to create a "gene knockout" in the >>E.coli genome when no selectable phenotype is available for the gene to >>inactivate? >>Probably it's something obvious for people with experience in bacterial >>genetics. References and protocols are welcome. > > References for gene knockouts in coli.. > > Gutterson, NI & Koshland, DE Jr, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 4894 - 8 (1983) > > Gay NJ, J. Bacteriol. 158, 820 - 5 (1984) > > Basically, these involve a temperature sensitive polA mutant strain, wherein > the plasmid carrying the mutated gene cannot replicate extrachromosomally at > the restrictive temperature - thus, growth on antibiotic at restrictive temp > indicates a recombination event (hopefully a homologous recombination event). > This leaves you with two chromosomal copies of the gene, separated by the > plasmid DNA. Another way to knock the gene out is to put an antibiotic resistance marker into your cloned gene in a plasmid, then transform with linear DNA obtained from this new plasmid. Homologous recombination should insert the gene::antibiotic marker construct into the chromosome in place of the original gene. This method has been used successfuly in our lab recently - don't have any refs to hand right now though. >Selection of segregants (loss of plasmid ) should leave you > with a mix of wt and mutant bugs. How you select between them is up to > you - if you have no screen for function then I suspect it's up to PCR > and sequencing to rescue you - I'm having no joy PCR'ing from either > colony scrapings or chromosomal DNA preps, but I'm assured that these are > possible. Yes, PCR does work, and is the best (only?) way to go if you don't have a phenotypic/enzymatic assay (even if you do have an assay, it is still the way to go!) (genomic DNA preps from selected colonies) > P1 transduction is then used to take the mutation into the > background strain of your choice. Have fun. Correct. > > Good luck Seconded. > > Rob Solomon Richard Heath


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Coney Island Waterboard Thrill Ride (6 pics)
Artist Steve Powers has created this installation at the Coney Island arcade (New-York) trying to provoke people into thinking about the interrogation technique.
For 1 dollar, visitors can look through a barred window on a Guantanamo-like interrogation, enacted by animated robots.
The hooded figure leans over a man in an orange jumpsuit and pours water into the man's nose and mouth, producing convulsions for 15 seconds.


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My 1994 Mercury Tracer 1.9L Engine, with 158000 miles has always been so well maintained I get compliments from mechanics. Now I have run into a problem that is stumping them all! You are absolute Angels for offering this service, and it is greatly appreciated!
I had just filled my tank, and had been having an issue with my radiator fluid leaking which had just recently begun to occur. As soon as the radiator light came on I pulled over and added water. Drove a bit more and all of a sudden my car cut out. It will turn over, it has spark and compression, and fuel. But will not completely start. I have replaced the clutch, the brake system, the muffler system, new spark plugs, just had the oil and filters changed. Never a leak until recently with the radiator. The inertia switch button was down, I popped it up with a screw driver, still nothing. Please Help!
have the same problem?
Sunday, September 16th, 2007 AT 12:21 PM


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PS1 Videos
Super Street Fighter IV - Seth Killian Interview Video
You might be asking yourself, "why should I pay money for a little upgrade of a game I already have?" Well, first of all, Super Street Fighter IV is about more than just a few new characters; it's about Capcom's new "balance up" philosophy. Many fans complained about the lack of balance in regards to certain characters in SFIV and the developers took that criticism to heart. Of course, if you never got the chance to play the game last year, it's a no-brainer that you'll want it now, right? A better, more refined version of one of 2009's best? Yes, please!
4/7/2010 Ben Dutka
Put this on your webpage or blog:
Email this to a friend
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Pittsburgh, PA (PRWEB) July 26, 2014
"After becoming frustrated with the sub-par performance of my fishing rod, I decided to design a better model," said an inventor from Sacramento, Calif.
He then created a prototype of the Fishing Slider, which allows for easier use, optimizes accuracy and avoids frustration and hassle. Overall, it promotes better and longer fishing sessions. Producible in different sizes and colors, the rod is ideal for both amateur and professional fishermen.
The original design was submitted to the Sacramento office of InventHelp. It is currently available for licensing or sale to manufacturers or marketers. For more information, write Dept. 13-SAH-05, InventHelp, 217 Ninth Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, or call (412) 288-1300 ext. 1368. Learn more about InventHelp's Invention Submission Services at http://www.InventHelp.com - http://www.youtube.com/user/inventhelp.


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Navy Hill Marker, SA-85
The Navy Hill neighborhood, named as a tribute to nearby naval victories during the War of 1812, was settled by German immigrants beginning in 1810. It became a vibrant African American community by the turn of the century. Navy Hill's distinctive character was embodied in the buildings here between North Third and Thirteenth Streets. Navy Hill School was the only Richmond public school to employ black teachers. Area landmarks included the Bill "Bojangles" Robinson home, Good Samaritan Society, Phyllis Wheatley YMCA, and numerous churches. The construction of Interstate 95 destroyed Navy Hill in the 1960s.
Marker Information:Date Approved by DHR: 06/17/10
Year On Marker: 2010
Original Sponsor: Virginia Biotechnology Research Park and Department of Historic Resources
Geographic Location: Richmond (City)
Physical Description of Location: 400 E Jackson St, Richmond, VA 23219. In front of Biotech 2 Building.
Display on Google Maps
Display on Google Earth


text:
According to the datasheet LM741 IC is a general purpose single operational amplifier.
The UA741 is a high performance monolithic operational amplifier constructed on a single silicon chip. You can find some interesting circuits here.
741 features
- large input voltage range
- no latch-up
- high gain
- short-circuit protection
- no frequency compensation required
- same pin configuration as UA709
741 usage
- summing amplifier
- voltage follower
- integrator
- active filter
- function generator


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Author David Buckman launches his latest work, Lancelot Ribeiro: An Artist in India and Europe.
Lancelot Ribeiro was a hugely prolific artist. Although a series of solo and mixed shows in England and abroad excited collector interest through much of his life, during his final years he withdrew from the art world and, as a result, became largely forgotten. But in recent years his legacy has been restored and his story, as told in David's book, has witnessed a revival; it's clear that his reputation as a painter of international stature is now secure.
This evening's reception features a lecture by David Buckman on his book and the artist. Copies of David's book will be available to purchase on the night.


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Cody Canada & The Departed
In 2011, Canada and fellow Cross Canadian Ragweed musician Jeremy Plato formed a new band billed as Cody Canada & the Departed. The band consists of Canada (guitar/vocals), Plato (bass guitar/vocals), Seth James (guitar/vocals), Steve Littleton (keyboards) and Chris Doege (drums) who replaced original drummer, Dave Bowen. They released their first album in June 2011 titled This Is Indian Land, consisting of covers written by Oklahoma songwriters. In November 2012, the band, now billing themselves as The Departed, released their first original album titled ADVENTUS, which has received much critical acclaim.
Communicate with the band


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May 2006
X.400 was specified in the 1980s, with the expectation that it would be the universal standard for email. While this did not happen, X.400 is still used for many applications, particularly where high reliability is required. This paper summarizes the key features of X.400 that make it good for applications needing high reliability, with particular focus on capabilities not available with Internet email.
The History of X.400 and Internet Email
X.400 was initially standardized by the ITU (International Telecommunications Union) in 1984, with a number of updates and extensions since then. X.400 was standardized jointly with ISO (International Organization for Standards) since 1988.
Internet email evolved in the 1970s as a practical solution by engineers working on the Arpanet (pre-Internet). It was standardized as a text messaging system in the 1980s, and extended with attachments and other capabilities in the late 80s and early 90s. It has become the worldwide system for email.
Why X.400 is rarely used for Inter-Personal Messaging
Inter-personal messaging is messaging primarily between humans, typically for general purpose business and personal use.
It is interesting to speculate why X.400 did not become the standard of choice for sending Inter-Personal messages. Possible factors include the complexity of the technology, and that it was primarily driven by PTTs (National Telecommunications Organizations) who were seeking to charge for email. However, there are now three overwhelming reasons why Internet mail is used for Inter Personal messaging.
- Connectivity. Everyone uses it, and so it makes sense to join them.
- There are a wide range of client and server products to support many applications.
- Internet mail has good functionality for Inter Personal messaging, in environments that do not have high reliability requirements.
Because general purpose Inter Personal messaging is such a dominant application, for which Internet mail is well suited and has been well tuned, it is in other areas of messaging that X.400 remains important.
Where X.400 is Used
X.400 is used in a number of environments where its additional benefits are needed, such as Military, Financial Data, Intelligence, Aviation and Government.
There are a number of types of application where it is used:
- For transferring data between systems. For example in financial applications to transfer EDI and other data.
- For inter-personal messaging in secure environments. It is quite common for users to make use of Internet Messaging for "low grade" communication and X.400 for "high grade"
- For structured communication, which can be considered to be messaging between roles rather than individuals. The military refer to this as "formal messaging", contrasting with "informal messaging" (Inter Personal Messaging), and the STANAG 4406 specifications extend X.400 to provide this critical military service. Government organizations use X.400 in this way. The aviation use of X.400 to provide the ATS message service (AMHS) is also this type of application.
An interesting note is that in a vast majority of cases X.400 is used over the Internet (or over private TCP Networks), so it can be considered as an Internet application.
X.400 Architectural Advantages
X.400 was designed by people with substantial prior messaging experience, and a number of the advantages arise from the architecture of X.400. Although architecture is not a direct advantage, this section gives some insight into why X.400 has some of the benefits described later on.
Clean Protocol Layering
The key architectural concept in X.400 is the "Message Transfer Service", (MTS) and the protocols and procedures for operation associated with this. The MTS carries generic content end to end, which can be an Inter Personal Message (IPM) or other data. There is a clear separation between MTS Envelope Information (e.g., Message Priority) or IPM Headers (e.g., Subject).
Internet email has retrospectively adopted a very similar architecture to X.400, but the separation between MTS and Content is not clean, due to requirements for backwards compatibility. Header fields are generic mechanism, used by both layers.
X.400 provides very generic message protocol extensibility, which is not available with Internet mail. It provides it in a number of places, and it provides it using mechanisms where X.400 users can define unique community extensions. This uniqueness is guaranteed by use of Object Identifiers.
Extensions in the MTS have the concept of "criticality" for transfer and delivery. This enables correct behavior in light of an unknown extension, and is very useful for introducing new capabilities. X.400 provides extensibility in a number of places, including:
- Attachments (Internet email is also extensible here).
- IPM Headings (Internet email is extensible, but does not have guaranteed uniqueness).
- IPM Per Recipient Extensions.
- Inter Personal Notification Extensions.
- Delivery Report Extensions.
- MTS Per-Message Extensions.
- MTS Per-Recipient Extensions.
This extensibility is used to support both private extensions, and is also the mechanism used to update the X.400 standards with new capabilities, helping to ensure easy backwards compatibility.
Military messaging, defined in STANAG 4406 has made extensive use of X.400 extensibility to define military messaging extensions within the X.400 framework.
Standardized Internet messaging extensions exist. The extent and consistency of implementing these is very variable. For example, latest delivery time (RFC 2852) is not commonly implemented.
High Functionality
X.400 is a feature-rich messaging protocol, with a wide range of capabilities. This is helpful when defining new messaging applications. For example, the AMHS standards defined in the aviation industry have been able to work based entirely on standard X.400 features (no extensions), making use of capabilities such as "authorization time" and "precedence policy".
Per Recipient Information
X.400 is structured so that parameters may be associated with individual recipients (as well as with message envelope and with an IPM). Internet messaging does not have this general purpose extensibility and it would be very hard to add in a backwards compatible manner. This extensibility is used to provide a number of X.400 services not available in Internet mail.
X.400 Implementation Advantages
There are a number of X.400 advantages that are not inherent to the technical specifications, but are in practice important reasons to choose X.400.
Vendor Approach
There are many vendors of Internet messaging solutions, with a wide variety of goals. X.400 vendors have a much tighter focus, and are generally concerned with management capabilities and high reliability. Because the X.400 markets demand high reliability, an X.400 vendor is likely to understand these requirements and have suitable products.
ISPs, PICS and Implementation Capabilities
The X.400 standards were designed with procurement in mind. The base specifications are structured into functional groups, which are referenced by International Standard Profiles (ISPs) that define collections of functional groups appropriate for different applications. The standards also include a number of PICS (Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement) proformas, which are essentially a table of X.400 features. Many X.400 vendors provide completed PICSs for their implementations that enable a customer to verify the functional details of what is being offered.
Internet mail is specified by a large number of related documents called RFCs (Request For Comments). Multiple specifications are used to achieve modularity of functionality. Because of the wide scope of Internet email, some implementations of some RFCs are rather deficient. Where a complex system with specific technical requirements is needed, this can place a quite high burden onto the system procurement.
Delivery Reports
X.400 provides delivery reports that offer positive acknowledgment of message delivery. This can be requested by user or by the message transfer system. This enables straightforward management of reliable delivery that may be transparent to the user. X.400 delivery reports are designed for both user and system processing X.400 specifies how Deljvery Reports interact with Distribution Lists.
Similar functionality is provided in Internet Messaging by Delivery Status Notifications. These are less suitable for automatic processing. They can only be requested by the user, and automatic correlation is only practical by use of a DSN feature that is not widely used (env-id). Also many popular Internet MTAs do not support the DSN format, but instead generate text messages for user consumption. Interaction between DSNs and distribution lists is inconsistent and problematic. All of this makes it impractical to do general system management of reliable delivery in support of "fire and forget" service.
Message Receipt
X.400 provides the Inter-Personal Notification service, which enables the recipient to send back a Receipt Notification that a message has been read (or not read). This service is important is support of high reliability services to ensure that messages have been read. Support of this service is generally well integrated with X.400 clients.
Internet Mail defines a specification for a similar service, know as Message Disposition Notification (MDN). Only a few clients support MDNs, and the popular Microsoft Outlook implements an equivalent service using a proprietary Microsoft protocol. Automated services using MDNs are in general problematic.
Unchanged Content
With X.400, content is transferred without change unless explicit content conversion occurs. The originator is able to prohibit content conversion, or to restrict content conversion to types of conversion that do not lead to loss of information.
Although there is no reason for Internet mail systems to change content, in practice content is often modified in transit.
Peer Authentication
Both X.400 and Internet mail provide mechanisms for authentication between components, and in particular for authentication between pairs of MTAs (Message Transfer Agents). Peer MTA authentication is generally desirable in a highly reliable Message Transfer System, to ensure that both source and destination MTA are correctly validated. Both X.400 and Internet mail support peer authentication. Peer authentication is used by default in X.400 networks, and is seen as a core feature. It is not generally used for Internet mail, and is often awkward or impossible to set up for Internet mail products.
Message Transport Features
This section looks at significant features of the X.400 Message Transport Service that are not available with Internet mail.
X.400 has a three level message priority system, extended in STANAG 4406 for military messaging to have six levels. The X.400 Message Transport System processes messages according to the priority. Many high reliability systems identify traffic with higher priority. In many high reliability systems, it is important to ensure high priority of certain critical messages. This is an important requirement for Military and Aviation systems.
Alternate Recipient
When a message is transferred close to the intended recipient, and there is a problem in delivering the message to the intended recipient, X.400 has the concept of "Alternate Recipient". This has two variants:
1. "Recipient Domain Assigned Alternate Recipient". This
2. "Originator Specified Alternate Recipient". This is specified by the message sender, and in effect says "Use this address, if ".
Alternate recipient is often a highly desirable approach for high reliability messaging, when the goal is to ensure that a message is handled (rather than pushing a failure problem back to the originator).
The X.400 Message Transport Service offers extensive security capabilities. Message security can be achieved in two fundamental ways:
- Message Transport Security, where security services are part of the message transport.
- Document security, where security (typically signature and encryption) are applied to the message content, which is then sent over a message transport without any security features.
For basic signature and encryption services, the overall result of these two approaches is similar.
Three popular open standards for email security are really document security. These are:
- PGP. Pretty Good Privacy is a popular security standard for use with Internet Mail.
- S/MIME uses the CMS (Cryptographic Message Standard) to sign and encrypt MIME documents. MIME is the document format used by Internet mail, and by other Internet standards such as the Web.
- STANAG 4406 Military messaging uses CMS to sign and encrypt Military X.400 Messages. Here, the document is a message.
Message Transport Security can be used in conjunction with document security. There are three advantages to using Message Transport Security.
- It can be introduced incrementally, without impacting the format of messages (documents) transferred. This is an important benefit of the approach taken with AMHS (aviation).
- It secures all of the content. For example in S/MIME, the From/To/Subject our outside the secure part and can be tampered with.
- It introduces a range of security features that add value, and are
not available with a document security approach (but could be used
in conjunction with document security). These include:
- Proof of submission.
- Proof of delivery.
- Non-repudiation of submission.
- Message sequence integrity.
- (Delivery) Report origin authentication.
Delivery Time Control
X.400 provides two controls on message delivery timing (complementary to the Message Expiry Time, which is an IPM feature provided by both X.400 and Internet mail).
- Deferred Delivery. A mechanism to specify the earliest time at which a message may be delivered
- Latest Delivery Time. A mechanism to specify the latest time at which a message may be delivered. In the event of failing to deliver in time, the MTS will non-deliver the message. Internet mail specifies an equivalent function in RFC 2852, but this is not widely implemented.
Latest Delivery Time can be important for managing time critical information in a high reliability system.
Other features of the X.400 MTS that can be useful to high reliability message include:
- Various operational characteristics of the X.400 MTS can be explicitly
controlled by the originator. These include:
- Prevention of content conversion
- Prevention of content conversion where there is loss of information
- Prevention of using alternate recipients
- Prevention of use of distribution lists
- X.400 Distribution Lists are a part of the X.400 Message Transport
Service, and are managed with it.
Performance & Low Bandwidth
Messaging deployments are often in environments where bandwidth is high, and the considerations of this section are not relevant. Some high reliability messaging systems, such as military deployments, operate in bandwidth constrained environments where the points discussed in this section are important.
Seven vs Eight Bit
Internet messaging was originally a seven bit protocol. That is, only seven of the eight data bits are used, even when carrying binary data. The protocols have been extended to support binary transfers, but these extensions are not generally used because it is impractical to deploy them in a mixed environment with seven bit. This is compounded for binary data, as the preferred encoding of binary data (Base 64) leads to a 33% increase in data size. In practice, this means that Internet mail fails to make use of 25% of available bandwidth when transferring binary data.
Data Size
X.400 messages are more compact than Internet messages, due to use of the binary ASN.1 encoding as opposed to the text encoding of Internet mail. For example, Internet mail encodes "Subject:" using eleven bytes (8 for the text "Subject:" as space and CRLF). X.400 ASN.1 uses only two bytes. . HTML, frequently used in Internet mail, does not use a compact encoding, and can lead to size increase for small messages. Some measurements made by looking at transfer of minimal messages (single recipient, very short subject and text) were made, to give an informal analysis of the base overhead.
- Internet message headers, generated by common email clients. 800-1200 bytes
- Typical minimal SMTP Transfer overhead: 200 bytes
- Typical SMTP Connection Establishment (no authentication, which is normal for SMTP) and tear down: 450 bytes
- Typical minimum IPM Header: 250-300 bytes
- Typical minimum MTS Envelope. 350 bytes
- Typical P1 Data Transfer Overhead, down to TCP level. 90 bytes
- Typical P1 Connection establishment (with authentication) and teardown: 450 bytes
This data suggests:
- X.400 binary encoding is in general a win over text encoding for equivalent functionality.
- Normal internet message headers (generated by typical clients) carry
a certain amount of extraneous data
Transfer Recovery
X.400 transfers messages using a Reliable Transfer Service, which enables partially transferred messages to resume transfer from the last checkpoint. This is useful to transfer larger messages over low reliability networks.
ACP 142 & STANAG 4406 Annexe E
For very low bandwidth deployments, the Military have defined X.400 extensions in two standards for use together:
- STANAG 4406 Annexe E defines protocol optimizations and use of data compression.
- ACP 142 defines an approach to multicast distribution that allows efficient use of broadcast networks such as satellite or radio, to send to multiple destinations at once.
These protocols are suitable for use with non-military deployments of X.400.
Directory Integration
Directory integration is an important advantage of X.400. The obvious use of directory, for "white pages" type lookup of recipients does not need protocol support. However, integration is important for high reliability messaging, which is described below.
Capability Verification
When sending a message, it is desirable to verify the recipient using directory lookup before the message is sent. This has the inherent advantage of ensuring that the message is being sent to a correct destination, and prevents the inefficiency and potential risks of an end to end delivery report.
The lookup will also verify capabilities of the recipient. The goal of this checking is to ensure that the recipient is appropriate and can process the message. Examples of checks:
- Maximum message size, to ensure that the message is not too large for the recipient.
- Service level supported by the recipient (e.g., AMHS check of extended versus basic service).
- Gateway capabilities (e.g., AMHS checks for conversion to legacy systems).
- Ability of client to handle specific data formats.
- Security clearance, by verifying the recipient's security clearance against the security label of the message.
High reliability environments will operate highly replicated directories in order to achieve this efficiently and robustly. Military messaging deployments take an extreme approach, and fully replicate the directory so that the necessary information is always available locally.
Protocol Support
The protocol support needed for this is that X.400 addressing can carry around a directory name associated with each address. This means that it is straightforward to integrate with directory by always making use of directory names in the context of each address. This is not possible for Internet mail, as directories suitable for capability verification are not keyed on Internet mail address.
This paper sets out detailed reasons as to why X.400 is the best choice for high reliability messaging. This makes clear why it is the choice for Aviation AMHS, and for Military STANAG 4406.


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On Wednesday, September 28, the San Diego Zoo hosted the second in our series of fall Biomimicry Receptions. This special evening, sponsored by the City of Murrieta, welcomed David Kisailus, Ph.D., and several of his students from the University of California, Riverside, who work on biomaterials and biomimetics. Guests were treated to an after-hours walk through the Zoo to the Treetops meeting room, where wine and appetizers were served while guests mingled with each other and got to know the students. The students gave us some insight into their research through posters and biological artifacts from the animals they work with, such as abalones and marine snails.
The theme of this evening's animal presentation was keratin, the wonder protein used to make everything from armadillo scales to rhino horns to human hair. Even though our armadillo ambassador was a bit shy that night and stayed rolled up in a ball, he still had a lot to tell us about the inspiring adaptations found in nature.
Next, City of Murrieta Councilmember Rick Gibbs shared with us all the benefits Murrieta has to offer. All over California there are designated Innovation Hubs or iHubs. Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger spearheaded this initiative in March 2010, and in August 2011 the San Diego iHub was expanded to include Temecula, Murrieta, and part of Riverside. We were excited to have this opportunity to visit with Murrieta and spread the word of biomimicry throughout the range of the Innovation Hub.
The keynote speaker of the evening, Dr. Kisailus, then shared with guests his exciting research in biomimetics. In his lab at UC Riverside they research the question, "What can biology teach us about the synthesis of new materials?" Current engineering processes tend toward the use of unnaturally high temperatures and environmentally unfriendly methods. Dr. Kisailus is trying to amend these practices by studying the processes that occur in nature. Structures are created at ambient temperatures with available materials and biodegrade at the end of their lifetime. Perhaps even more amazing is that these structures often perform better than our human-engineered products. Abalone shells, enamel, and chiton teeth are among the most abrasion-resistant materials, ranking significantly higher than most human-made metal alloys.
Don't miss the final reception of the series! We are changing up the location and on Thursday, October 27, we'll be at the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center for Conservation Research, on the grounds of the San Diego Zoo Safari Park. This LEED-certified building houses the San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, the largest zoo-based research effort in the world. This reception will feature Richard Lieber, Ph.D., of University of California, San Diego, who will be speaking to his experience linking animal biomechanics to orthopedic surgery. Please visit our Biomimicry website for more information and to register.
Dena Emmerson is a biomimicry research assistant at the San Diego Zoo. Read her previous post, The Da Vinci Index.


text:
live, work, play.
Discover what South OKC has to offer.
Join South OKC's thriving business community.
Create memories in South OKC.
The South Oklahoma City Chamber of Commerce is a member-service organization which enhances quality of life in South Oklahoma City by providing leadership and a united voice promoting business and community development.
Phone:(405) 634-1436
Address:South OKC Chamber of Commerce
701 SW 74th St.
Oklahoma City, OK 73139
Hours of Operation:Monday - Friday
8 a.m. - 5 p.m.


text:
Joomla 2.5 ACL - Changing User Permissions based upon Article Category
Joomla 2.5 has reached its end of life as for 12/31/2014. Please be advised this may be a security risk to your website. You can view more information about the end of life here.
In previous articles, we covered Joomla 2.5 ACL Basics and learned about core permissions. We also created a user group labeled Teachers for our fictitious school website. In this tutorial, we will cover how to change core permissions a user group has to an article category.
Changing user permissions for an article category in Joomla 2.5:
- Log into your Joomla Dashboard
- Open for edit the Category you want to change.
To do this, in the top menu, hover over Content and click Category Manager. Then, find and click on a category.
Our Category is "Online Courses". We only plan to allow teachers to add content to the Online Courses category.
- Scroll down the page until you see the Category Permissions section, and then click to expand your user group. In this example, we will click on Teachers
- After expanding the Teachers user group, you can see from our screenshot below that Teachers can create and edit content, but they cannot delete content. If you would like Teachers to be able to delete content, under Select New Setting, change the value from Inherited to Allow.
- In the top right menu, click Save. If you review the Teachers user group settings at the bottom of the page again, you will see they now have access to Delete.
Joomla Community Google+ Hangout #3
June 3rd, 2014
Thank you @RustyJoomla for letting me speak on the Joomla Community Google+ Hangout!
Related Questions
Support Center LoginOur Login page has moved, Click the button below to be taken to the login page.
2015-01-03 12:30 pm
Hi Arnel,
well, that link couldn't help me either. however, i found the answer on my own. here is the solution:
go to components/ Jcomments/settings then you can see there are some tabs, one of which is permissions. that's it!
2014-12-31 10:23 am
Hi Arnel,
i had already read the article. however, what i'm having problems with is that there is no such a thing as permission for comments. and by comments, i mean a comment you leave below a post, just like the ones you and i are leaving! for instance, you can see in the permissions tab of the link you sent, there are many items including "create/delete/edit", still nothing about comments!
what do you think is wrong?
Happy new year and Regards,
40,993 Points
2014-12-31 10:39 am
Hello Joseph,
Sorry that the previous reply wasn't helpful for the issue. The problem is that it's probably related to submenu IN the ACL permissions list, and you just have to dig. The official documentation for this permissions-related issue can be found here. If you look at the "Permission Hierarchy Levels" it does mention comments, so that may be where you need to look.
I hope this helps to answer your question, please let us know if you require any further assistance.
Arnel C.
2014-12-31 8:03 am
Dear Brad,
first, thank you so much for your straightforward basic tutorials.
my web designer has designed a site (with english learning purposes) for me using Joomla 2.5.28. and now i'm testing different features to figure out its bugs. so i have to log in as the admin to the backend to change settings consistently and as different (non-admin) users to the frontend to see the changes i have made. my problem:
in the frontend: i log in as a non-admin user (of a user group like "language learners". i can't leave comments on posts unless i change the user group from backend to "registered". the only other user group that can leave comments is guest!!!
please help me find the setting for comment permission. bear in mind that i'm not only new to Joomla, but also new to website management!
40,993 Points
2014-12-31 8:56 am
Hello Joseph,
Thanks for the comment. You're actually on the right track by looking at this article. You have different types of users, and they are generally organized into groups. If you look at your groups (they can be created as per this article), then you can change the permissions in that section.
I hope this helps to answer your question! Please let us know if you require further assistance.
Regards and happy New Year!
Arnel C.
2014-07-16 4:55 am
Excellent way of laying out!
Write a set of articles on commnly used applications ex.
How to set Virtue mart access to the back end by different access levels etc Store admin, different ventors etc.
Schools managing different levels of administration.
e shop applications etc.
your article has been pointed out as a reference by many people.
congratulations !
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Click here to print the obituary below
In Memory of
Martha Gallick
January 18, 1939 - October 2, 2012
Gallick, Martha J. (Bartley)
Passed away October 2, 2012
Preceded in death by husband, Gary; parents, John and Olga Bartley. Survived by children, Tim, Tony (Lori), Pam, Kris (Steven); 7 grandchildren; 6 great-grandchildren; brothers, Jack (Kay), Bill (Dianne); sister, Kari; sister-in-law, Kathleen; many relatives and friends. Visitation Sunday, October 7 from 4-8 pm at Gearhart Funeral Home, 552 East River Road, Anoka. Mass of Christian Burial Monday, October 8 at 11 am at the Church of St. Stephen, 525 Jackson Street, Anoka, with visitation one hour prior. Interment Calvary Cemetery. Memorials preferred. GEARHART ANOKA 763-421-4347
Funeral Service
Monday, October 08, 2012 | 11:00am
Church Of St. Stephen
525 Jackson @ 5Th Street, Anoka, Minnesota
Driving Directions
Sunday, October 07, 2012 | 4:00pm - 8:00pm
Gearhart Anoka Funeral Home
552 East River Road, Anoka, Minnesota
Driving Directions


text:
Traders reported a very strong week as SPF lumber demand continued to press prices higher.
OSB activity picked up a bit this week in the U.S.
The pace of sales settled down for SPF mills, leading to flatter pricing.
After a busier week prior to the long Labor Day weekend, SPF sales activity carried on at a healthy pace.
Negative global economic news and the reaction to it by stock markets sent some SPF lumber buyers into hiding early in the week.
Abundant availability in the Southern Pine market was at the top of the list of concerns among traders.
The sales pace in the SPF market was pedestrian.
A sense in the SPF market that buyers were ready to cover some needs began on Tuesday.
Two factors weighed heavily on buyers' decisions as to whether they should participate.
SPF sales were often described as dull, but mills, especially in western Canada, had little reason to lower prices.
Western SPF mills tended to hold quotes for #2&Btr at the prior week's levels, still reporting order files extended out into the end of the month.
Prices of #2&Btr in the SPF market were firm, with any adjustments generally ticking moderately higher.
Secondaries and SPF producers noted that sales activity was somewhat slower than in prior weeks, but a "good" pace maintained firm to higher pricing.
Strong order files at SPF mills limited availability for buyers needing coverage, effectively pressing prices higher.
A new Southern States store is coming to Rock Hill, South Carolina. It will open its doors for a grand opening celebration July 17.
Canadian mills continued to sell good volumes of SPF, helping maintain strong lead times and pushing prices higher.
Momentum generated the prior week carried over after the long holiday weekend, pushing SPF mill order files out and prices higher.
The SPF market gathered more momentum after a pickup in sales activity the week prior, leading to higher prices in both the West and East.
Sales activity improved in the SPF market, generating firmer pricing in both the West and East.
Traders exhibited considerable confusion with regard to the amount of weakness in the SPF market.
SPF lumber sold at a decent pace, allowing mills in the West to maintain most price levels.
Trading in the SPF market improved over the previous week but not enough to mend the price situation significantly.
Some SPF producers reported improved activity over last week and sales keeping up with the week's production, but it did not stop prices from falling significantly.
SPF mills with thin order files tried to sell what was needed without lowering prices too dramatically.
Traders questioned the strength behind the rally last week and, as it turns out, were correct in their perception that the SPF market did not gather much momentum.


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At this time of year, I'd like to take this opportunity to thank the following people/entities for making my baseball blogging world a better place (in no particular order):
- Baseball Prospectus: My first baseball stop each morning. They've had a lot of staff turnover, and I really do miss Christina Kahrl's version of "Transaction Analysis", but their new hires are still quite talented, and there is a lot of variety there.
- Up and In Podcast: Two hours of baseball prospect talk with Kevin Goldstein and Jason Parks, along with all sorts of fun discussions on everything from world affairs to cooking.
- Baseball Reference: THE go-to site for anything stats-related. Its "Play Index" (a steal at $29 per year) is an absolute must-have for anyone interested in data mining when a stats question comes up.
- MLB Trade Rumors: If you want to know the status of a free agent, or the latest on a possible trade, this is where you go. They have helpful "free agent trackers" and "free agent-eligible" lists, and are a great clearinghouse for all the latest news on player movement.
- Baseball Musings: David Pinto's site has an article on virtually every major and minor baseball story that hits the interwebs each day. He's been doing it a long time too . . .
- SABR: The Society for American Baseball Research recently celebrated its 40th anniversary, and their revamped website is a wonderful encyclopedia of the game's history. Membership in the organization gives you even greater access to research materials.
- MLB Network: A big step up from ESPN's Baseball Tonight (even if they DO employ Harold Reynolds). They show enough in-season live games to allow me to cancel my cable-based "Extra Innings" package (saving $199). Their sabermetric-based "Clubhouse Confidential" show is a courageous and overdue step.
- Ballbug: A baseball newsarticle bot. It not only aggregates breaking news, it lists other articles that reference the main link.
- Bronx Banter: Alex Belth has been blogging about the Yankees longer than just about anyone, and he's damn good at it. What makes "Banter" special is that its not just the Yankees, its New York … its food … its art … its movies … its interviews with writers. You never know what will turn up on the site, but you'll never be disappointed.
- Cliff Corcoran: Funny and intelligent baseball writer for SI.COM and other places.
- The Baseball Show with Rany and Joe: Weekly podcast with Baseball Prospectus' alumni Rany Jazayerli and Joe Sheehan. Less "off-topic" convos than "Up and In", but spot-on, timely analysis of the week's events.
- Joe Sheehan Newsletter: nearly daily e-mail updates with Joe's thoughts on the games, players and major stories. Thorough, solid work.
- MLB.COM: Mainly because they FINALLY allow you to embed and share their video content. (About time).
- Retrosheet: Volunteer organization that is doing yeoman work to assemble box scores and play-by-play accounts of every game they can, mainly for games that occurred prior to the technological revolution of the 80s. They freely share their data files, and much of my blogging work depends on their toil and sweat.
- Various talented bloggers/writers/baseball savants: Emma Span, Amanda Rykoff, Ember Nickel, Mike Petriello, The Captain's Blog, Wendy Thurm, Scott Pianowski, Ben Duronio, Will Carroll (thanks for everything, kind sir!), Bob Timmermann, Matthew Kory, Bill Parker, Andy Glockner, Richard Bergstrom, Craig Glaser, Geoff Young, Ted Berg, Ben Kabak, Ken Arneson, Patrick Dicaprio, Bill Petti, Larry Granillo, Joshua Worn, Larry Koestler, James Finn Garner, Marc Normandin, Eno Sarris (and the rest of the gang at Fangraphs), Bill Baer, Dan Turkenkopf, Bexy (You Can't Predict Baseball), Aaron Gleeman, Rebeccapbp, Joe Pawlikowski and Craig Calcaterra.
- All my Twitter followers.
- Anyone who has taken the time to read this blog and comment.
Happy Thanksgiving!


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Note: The history of the cathedral is linked to the history of the Greek community in San Francisco. For those of you that wish to learn more about the history of the Greek community in San Francisco in greater detail, please visit the San Francisco Greek Historical Society's web pages and photo galleries on www.sanfranciscogreeks.com.
The Greek Historical Society has prepared an excellent historical timeline for the Cathedral . Please click here.
St. Sophia, the precursor to Annunciation Cathedral, came into being June 1921, when a group of parishioners from Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Church, sympathetic to Greek Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos established a second Greek Orthodox community in San Francisco. Land was acquired at Hayes and Pierce streets, all the lots facing Pierce street from Hayes to Fell streets, for the purpose of building a Cathedral and an adjoining school and orphanage. Ground was broken June 26, 1921 where His Eminence Metropolitan Meletios Metaxakis, laid the cornerstone of the Cathedral.
The community chose Father Philaretos Ioannides as their first priest. He was accomplished, well educated and capable. In 1923, he was consecrated as the first bishop of Chicago and appointed bishop of San Francisco, locum tenens (Latin meaning temporary). He would later become Metropolitan of Syros.
On August 7, 1927, Father Kallistos Papageorgopoulos was consecrated as the first Bishop of San Francisco by Archbishop Alexandros. The consecration was held at St.Sophia on Hayes & Pierce Streets. A banquet in honor of the occasion was held at the Hotel Whitcomb. His Grace, Bishop Kallistos, established his office at the Cathedral.
The St. Sophia community grew, requiring larger facilities. In April 1928, the community acquired the Valencia Street Theater, which stood on the earlier site of the pavilion of Woodward's Gardens. George Burns, among others, often mentioned how he got his start at the Valencia Street Theatre, known as the "grandest, most beautiful of the West."
In 1929, Father Pythagoras Caravellas, St. Sophia's priest for six years, contracted tuberculosis and was sent to a santorium in Belmont. His story is particularly interesting because he was a Harvard University educated doctor who gave up a career as a doctor to become a priest. Father Caravellas and Presvytera Evangeline helped many Greek immigrants adjust to life in the United States. In spite of the economic strain of the Great Depression, the community wanted Father Caravellas to receive the best medical care. Sadly, he passed away in 1934 at the age of 44. His passing was a tragic loss to the Greek community.
History was made at the Cathedral in 1929 when Alexandra Apostolides, a St. Sophia parishioner, founded the Daughters of Penelope. Mrs. Apostolides was educated at the University of California at Berkeley. Her husband, Dr. Emmanuel Apostolides, was a devoted Ahepan and very supportive of his wife's desire to start a woman's organization. Mrs. Apostolides' impact on Greek women was profound throughout her life.
In 1935, however, in the wake of financial difficulties brought on by the Great Depression, the Saint Sophia community declared bankruptcy. The Bank of Italy, later Bank of America, foreclosed and purchased the church property in a foreclosure auction. In 1936, the Saint Sophia community was reorganized and named the United Greek Orthodox Community of San Francisco, the Annunciation. The parish subsequently repurchased the church building for the original auction price of $25,000 largely due to the efforts of Chris Katon.
In 1936, Father Basil Lokis arrived in San Francisco as an assistant priest to Father Constantine Tsapralis at Holy Trinity. Father Tsapralis was nearing retirement and Father Lokis would eventually become his replacement. Father Lokis was young, ambitious, spoke several languages, and was a brilliant speaker. He led a movement to unite both parishes, Holy Trinity and Annunciation. According to Holy Trinity's parish council, Fr. Lokis attempted to appoint board members that supported unification (as opposed to them being elected by parishioners) which ultimately led to litigation by Holy Trinity in the form of a series of injunctions. The court ruled that the parishes should vote on the issue of unification. Annunciation voted for unification and Holy Trinity voted against unification. As a part of the court settlement, Father Lokis was dismissed from his position at Holy Trinity and was hired by Annunciation. Father Tsapralis asked the Archdiocese for permission to leave Holy Trinity and become Annunciation's second priest. His request was granted and he served Annunciation until his passing in 1942. Father Spyridon Spyropoulos, who had been at Annunciation since 1929, was transferred to San Diego where he became the first priest of the San Diego community.
As a result of this series of events, over half of Holy Trinity's parishioners left Holy Trinity and joined Annunciation. Under Father Lokis' leadership, Annunciation prospered. He led the community out of the Great Depression. Father Lokis left Annunciation in 1943 to join the OSS (the precursor to the CIA). He was sent to Egypt where he became a spy for the Allies. After the war was over, Father Lokis returned to the United States where he resumed his career as a priest until his passing in 1953.
During World War II, the Annunciation community led several Greek War Relief efforts. Anastasios Mountanos, Peter Boudoures, Nick Dallas, and Gus Daldas accomplished a lot on behalf of Greek War Relief and were recognized for their efforts. During the 1940s and 1950s, a Greek radio program was broadcast from the Cathedral. The program was the voice of the Greek community. During Christmas live concerts were broadcast. The concerts were so popular that parishioners and neighborhood residents stood outside the Cathedral to enjoy holiday music.
The post-World War II years were a period of significant growth for the Cathedral. John Hodges was a significant contributor. Mr. Hodges, a San Francisco probate lawyer, was relied on to invest the funds of the Cathedral. Due to his successful investment strategy, the Cathedral was able to buy the Colonial Apartments and the Bausch & Lomb building and the Philoptochos was able to fund several major projects. Several Greek Orthodox priests relied on Mr. Hodges to invest their savings in preparation for their retirement. In later years, Mr. Hodges and his wife Violet would become major donors to Stanford University.
In 1962, the Annunciation was named Cathedral for the Diocese of San Francisco. Later that year, the Annunciation acquired an adjacent apartment building. The building was razed to make way for the building of a new community center complex. In 1965, a major renovation of the sanctuary, auditorium, and classrooms was completed. In 1981 the Bausch & Lomb Optical Company building, located at 275 Valencia Street, became available and was purchased by the Cathedral, effectively giving the community 47,000 square feet of land. The plans were modified to accommodate, in part, the inclusion of this new acquisition. The Cathedral itself was scheduled to remain as renovated.
At 5:04 on the afternoon of October 17, 1989, the Loma Prieta earthquake struck with a force of 7.1 on the Richter Scale. The City of San Francisco and the Bay Area were particularly hard hit by the earthquake. While the congregation of Annunciation Cathedral suffered no loss of life or personal injuries, the earthquake wreaked devastating damage to the Cathedral building. As a result, the Cathedral building was closed by the City, since structural engineers noted that a portion was in imminent danger of collapse. The parishioners voted to demolish the church and construct completely new facilities.
Given the general condition of the neighborhood, some people felt the Cathedral should relocate. Two years of searching for an alternate site ensued. Noting the prohibitive costs of new locations and the desire of many to remain on Valencia Street, on March 3, 1991 the parishioners voted unanimously to rebuild on the same site. They initially approved a $10 million plan, which proved to be too expensive. After considerable discussion on what to build first, the church or the facility, on May 12, 1992 the Parish Assembly voted to commence with construction of Phase 1 of the Master Plan, as modified, to include a 300 seat chapel, a multi-purpose hall, kitchen, classrooms, Cathedral offices at an approximate cost of $4.6 million. It should be noted that the initial seed money of $500,000 came from the Ladies Philoptochos. Their contribution to the project reached over $1 million. Ground for Phase 1 was broken on November 22, 1992.
The Annunciation serves as the Cathedral Church for the Metropolis of San Francisco. While there are several cathedral churches in the Metropolis of San Francisco, including Holy Trinity, Phoenix; Saint Sophia, Los Angeles and, more recently, the Ascension, Oakland, Annunciation is the seat of the Bishop of San Francisco. As a community, it serves approximately 1,000 families in the immediate area, one-half of whom are regularly pledging stewards of the Cathedral. The Cathedral is also headquarters for many fraternal and national organizations, who have assisted in its rebuilding efforts.
Over the years, the Cathedral has had a distinguished list of priests who have served as the dean of the cathedral. Three of them were later elevated to bishop and served the Archdiocese in that capacity. See list below (assistant priests are excluded).
Annunciation maintains a number of programs for our senior population. Its youthful character is also apparent. One only has to look at the diversity of our youth programs: Sunday School, Greek Language School, GOYA (Greek Orthodox Youth of America), YAL (Young Adult League), Boys and Girls Basketball for ages seven through eighteen, Adult Basketball, Bible Study, Orthodox Church Life, Greek Folk Dancing, and Summer Camp. As if this were not enough, in 1997 we added a Sunday pre-school class, a Women's Basketball Team, a Junior Varsity Girls Team and a Booster Program.
In addition, Annunciation hosts many other events, including Diocesan Spiritual Renewal, Religious Education and other Conferences. His All Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew's visit in November, 1997 points to the re-emerging prominence of Annunciation Cathedral.
We believe Annunciation has a great future, both in service, as a parish church, to God's people, and as a center in service to the entire Diocese. In some ways Annunciation is also seen as a "mother church" to several newer parishes, including the Holy Cross-Belmont, Nativity of Christ-Novato, St. Nicholas-San Jose. Annunciation looks ahead to serving the larger Orthodox Christian community as well, in addition to the immediate neighborhood, which is mostly Latino. One of the considerations in deciding to remain in its present location was the commitment to the neighborhood, where the church provides a sense of order, purpose and stability. In doing so, we are committed to serving all people, in San Francisco and beyond.
On October 9, 2013 the Annunciation community signed a contract to build the new cathedral. On October 17, 2013, the 24th anniversary of the Loma Prieta Earthquake, the Cathedral was granted a building permit. The project is expected to last 18 months and will include underground parking and a larger courtyard. We trust in the will and power of God, and we believe He will send people who believe in the work of the Church our way.
We never for a moment thought the Ecumenical Patriarch would come and break ground on November 6, 1997. And, so, we find ourselves ever so grateful, and united in this prayer: That our Triune God, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, bless this undertaking and enable its completion. That it may stand until the end of time in service of the Orthodox faithful and to all God's people, in this City and everywhere, as a fitting dwelling place for God's greater glory.
Greek Orthodox Cathedral of the Annunciation, San Francisco


text: A friend of mine recently changed from Sky to Virgin, and so gave me her old Sky Plus box. I used to have Sky installed a while back so figured I could use it as a freeview box. I connected it all up ok and there must've been a couple of weeks of her subscription left as I could access most of the channels from her package. Alas, on March 1st the bugger went off leaving me with no TV at all ! So I want to know if & where I can get a freeview card for it, and also if I'll still be able to use the recording / pause / rewind live tv functions of the Sky box. And if not is there some method I could use to activate these functions (firmware flash ?) Thanks in advance for any replies


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Bedford Memorial Hospital – Bedford, VA | HealthGrades.com
Life Bedford Gardens Hospital – Bedfordview; Life Brenthurst Clinic – Parktown Pregnancy-related articles featured Bedford Memorial Hospital is a 50-bed hospital operated in a partnership between Carilion Maternity; Psychaitry; Rehabilitation and Therapy; Respiratory and Pulmonary; Women's Elliot Health System (EHS) is the largest provider of comprehensive healthcare services in Southern New Hampshire. The cornerstone of EHS is Elliot Hospital, 296-bed
Hosted By Bedford Borough Council: Hospital records part one
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Parcel from Piedmont
The authentic Italian fare that Favola dishes out is sheer melody in the mouth. Don't miss out the Tiramisu
The authentic Italian fare that Favola dishes out is sheer melody in the mouth. Don't miss out the Tiramisu
When one of Pune's oldest five-stars launches a world-renowned signature Italian restaurant, the hopes are high. Favola (which means fable in Italian) seemed to be doing decent business on the Wednesday night we dropped in. Considering they had just launched, we were impressed.
Pizza Pinnochio
With their flowery chairs and a renaissance look, Favola had a rustic feel to it. With its roots in Italy, the extensive wine menu came as no surprise. The well-stocked bar and detailed cocktail itinerary told us that this was one of those places that took its beverage very seriously: The beverage menu was a well-bound, lengthier one as compared to the food scroll.
We stuck our necks into the scroll and realised that this is really simple, home-style cooking. "Would you like to order?" we were asked politely. "Give us a few minutes," we smiled and replied. We stuck our necks in again. They had just the basic categories, options of insalatas (salads), a couple of soups, a few pastas / lasagnas / risottos, pizzas, a couple of meat / fish / vegetarian options in the main course and desserts. For a select few dishes, Favola also offers options of half portions. Within a few minutes, we were asked again if we would like to place our order and we requested for a little more time.
Rigatoni ai 4 Formaggi. Pics/Akshata Shetty
Before we could place the order, when we were asked the same question for the third time, we felt compelled to order. We began with a delicious half portion of Pizza Pinocchio (Rs 300). This thin-crust, melting cheese, tomato and tuna pizza was a perfect beginning, with the single basil leaf that topped almost each slice.
Next, we opted for a Rigatoni ai 4 Formaggi (Rs 295). Penne's elder brother was done al dente and sauced just right. Of course, we asked for a half, but their portions aren't the biggest, so we recommend you go with a full one.
For the mains, we chose a Lasagne al Forno (Rs 450). This baked pasta came loaded with spiced chicken mince and had the right blend of crisp pasta sheet and chunky yet juicy chicken. You can't leave an Italian restaurant without sampling the Tiramisu (Rs 275). Ours came in a martini glass and was sheer pleasure. While the consistency of the mascarpone and alcohol was just right and airy, we would have appreciated if they would have gone easier on the cocoa dusting.
Favola's service was really polite but obviously still teething. They haven't yet mastered the skill of leaving a guest alone with his company or his food but, they have warmth and attitude in place and we are confident they will learn soon. What Favola has going for them is a chef from Piedmont who weaves his culinary magic with sincerity to his country of origin.
At Le Meridien, RBM Road, near Pune railway station.
Call 26050505


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If your system has a Toshiba SD-M1401 DVD-ROM drive with firmware revision 1007, the system cannot boot from the Solaris 9 12/03 DVD.
Workaround: Apply patch 111649–03, or a later version, to update the Toshiba SD-M1401 DVD-ROM drive's firmware. You can download patch 111649–03 or a later version by going to the SunSolve Web site at http://sunsolve.sun.com.


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It is an axiom that no culture can look upon its sins objectively without flinching. Actually, I just made that up, but it certainly sounds axiomatic to me.
For example, here in the United States, we went decades before admitting that putting Japanese Americans in camps during World War II was a bad idea. And that was positively light speed compared to how long it took us to apologize for slavery or to acknowledge that we weren't exactly nice to the Native Americans.
Before we beat up too much on the USA, keep in mind that nations such as Germany, Turkey, and China all have trouble acknowledging that at some point in the past, they kind of, sort of, did some unpleasant things.
That's why it's fascinating that Guatemala is the first nation "in the Americas to prosecute a former head of state, in its own domestic courts, for the ultimate crime."
The crime is genocide, and the defendant is former dictator Efraín Ríos Montt, whose forces wiped out whole villages when he was in power during the 1980s.
The outcome of the trail, of course, is of great interest to Guatemalans in the United States, many of whom fled here during Efraín Ríos Montt's reign of terror.
On a larger scale, however, the trail shows how it's never too late for a nation to face its past, no matter how unpleasant the process.


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Please help. How do I change the first page I see when I log into my WordPress account? That's all I want to know. I do NOT want to have to bookmark the page I want just to get there in the future. I want it to show up immediately and automatically as soon as I log in on wordpress.com.
What I want is to be directed right to my Dashboard. That's all. I don't need "Blogs I Follow" or any of that other stuff. I just want my Dashboard.
It used to be that I was taken right to Freshly Pressed, which I didn't mind so much because it was interesting. But please stop asking me if I want to follow any blogs, because I don't.
Please help. This is really frustrating. I have yet to get a straight answer to this question after months of asking.
The blog I need help with is melissascookbook.wordpress.com.


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This sample resume is for the post of Store Keeper Accountant. The prime requisite for this job is good moral character and sense of responsibility. A store keeper accountant can be of a hotel, a hospital, a mall etc. Your resume is your first meeting with the employer, pay considerable attention to it. Entail all the necessary information with your previous experiences. Highlight your expertise in eloquent talking as a store keeper has to greet and communicate with the people(from every walk of life) all the time. Below we have given you an example of such a resume that should help you to create an impressive resume. Finally adding (verified) references to your given below resume is definitely going to add to the worth of your resume. See also Clerical Resume Sample
Position applied for: Storekeeper Accounts/Admin/Hr Officer.
Mobile: 0323-2280000
E-Mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Objective Career:
More than 6 years Accounting/Store Keeping/Store Supervisor in Pakistan, I want to be associated with a progressive organization where I can implement my knowledge, skills and professional experience to increase level of responsibility and career advancement as Accountant/Storekeeper/Store Supervisor/Admin Assistant or Accounts,Store,Admin and HR related any Jobs.
- Accounts Handling Budgeting & Forecasting
- Cost Control of Store Store Reporting
- Store Management Leadership & Supervision
- Payroll Admin Bank Negotiations & Relation
Master in Commerce (M.COM) Finance
From Government College University, Faisalabad Pakistan.
Commerce Graduate (B.Com)
From Punjab University, Lahore Pakistan.
Career Snapshot:
Storekeeper Accounts Officer:
Chiniot Blood Bank & Dialysis centre, Faisalabad, Pakistan
(A Project of C.A.I.Karachi)
Health & Service Associatio
(From February 05, 2012 till to date)
- Manage account system, and daily working includes entry of all data like JV, SV, CP, BR AND BP ETC.
- Prepare and post transaction vouchers, with supporting documentation.
- Accounts payable/receivable and bank reconciliations.
- Assist with payroll administration.
- Assist with implementation of new systems and policies and procedures.
- Establish, maintain, and coordinate the implementation of accounting and internal control procedures.
- Prepare and review budget, revenue, expense, invoices, and other accounting documents.
- Prepare profit and loss statements and monthly closing and cost accounting reports.
- Supervising inventory department to make sure that all the receiving and issuance has recorded properly.
- Involved in project accounting.
Store Keeper Accountant:
Rafiq Fabrics (Pvt.) Limited, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
(Textile & Manufacturing Co.)
(From March, 2011 to 30 January, 2012)
- Store all entry.
- Store inward and outward gate passes.
- Store coding system.
- Store inspection report.
- Store handling skills.
- Store reporting.
- Store supervising.
- Store purchase.
I.t. SKILLS:
06 years of using IT skills advance level, Microsoft Word, Excel, Power point & Access.
- Capability of internet using searching and surfing.
- Accounting software ( Quick Book, Oracle Base Accounting Software)
Other Qualifications:
- Diploma in Computer Office Applications from College of Computer Sciences Faisalabad, Pakistan.
- Diploma in Office Management in Computer from Government Commerce College Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Participation in Seminars & Program Certificates:
Regarding continuous professional development on;
- Certificate in Public Finance and Audit in May 2015.
- Certificate from Lahore Stock Exchange in outreach program in April 2015.
- Certificate in Financial Market and Regulation in April 2015.
- General meetings/gatherings.
Personal Detail:
- Father's Name: Sher Muhammad
- Nationality: Pakistani
- I.C No: 33102-9484143-5
- Date of Birth: 20, 1992.
- Gender: Male
- Marital Status: Single
- Religion: Islam
Can be furnished on demand.


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Firehouse - FREE
by Snapfinger, Inc., Version: 1.2 , 127 KB Official Site
Package name: com.firehouse.mobile , Last Update: 2012-07-07 13:29:49
31 ratings (4.194 average)
10,000-50,000 downloads
What's new in this version (1.2):
Initial release
It's the meatiest app ever. With our GPS and keyword-based store locator, our subs are even easier to enjoy. Pre-pay via this app or pay in-store. Plus, order from our entire menu, even catering.
o Firehouse Subs
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o Sub Sandwiches
o Hot Subs
o Hot Sandwiches
o Take Out
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o Online Ordering
o Locator
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o Box Lunch
o Platters
o Hearty


text:
- Description
The Gibson Les Paul Standard Figured Walnut Limited Run Electric Guitar with Natural finish is more a work of art than an instrument. The combination of sumptuous tonewoods, sublime natural finish, exquisitely designed pickups, and carefully considered hardware appointments, guarantees that this model stands out from the crowd as a thing of pure, unadulterated beauty to be cherished.
Style with substance
The instantly recognisable single-cutaway Les Paul body shape is present and correct, but the usual tonewood partnership of mahogany/maple has been traded for a mahogany/walnut combo instead. The power and warmth produced by the mahogany is tempered by the crisp character of the walnut, whilst the wood of the tonewoods is proudly displayed through a translucent protective layer of smooth hi-gloss 90 sheen lacquer. Cream binding traces around the edge of the top. The body has been treated to modern weight relief routing, making the guitar significantly lighter in weight and therefore, much more comfortable to perform with.
The body is home to the zamak tune-o-matic bridge with titanium saddles for greater resilience, which is paired with zamak stopbar tailpiece to create a seamless connection between the strings to optimise intonation and sustain. Anodized aluminium strap buttons provide ample grip to hold your strap securely.
Neck and Fingerboard
Fitted to the body is a single-piece mahogany neck, which is fixed using a classic mortis and tenon joint for substantial strength, and is reinforced with Titebond adhesive. The neck is shaped to a 1950s' profile, which creates an accommodating feel that is substantial without becoming cumbersome. Married to the neck is an Ironwood fingerboard, which is home to 22-frets that are adorned with mother of pearl trapezoid inlays to guide your way in style. The fingerboard is shaped to a 12-inch radius, favoured by Gibson as it lends itself superbly to the execution of smooth string bends and greater freedom of movement across the strings.
At the top of the neck you'll find the headstock, which is set to Gibson's customary angle of 17-degrees to improve string tension across each string. The self-lubricating Tektoid nut guarantees durability throughout the most taxing of performances, minimising the risk of string breakages. Grover locking kidney tuning machines with an 18:1 gear ratio upholds tuning integrity with outstanding precision, whilst working harmoniously with the nut to maintain accurate string tension.
"Golden Era" Tones
To ensure the visual elegance of this limited run model was matched by luxurious tones, Gibson fitted a '57 Classic humbucker in the neck position, and a '57 Classic Plus in the bridge, creating the coveted 'vintage' PAF-style tone. The '57 Classic has two balanced coils, enabling it to sing with a creamy warmth that is undercut with a subtle edginess that breaks up a little at high volume. The '57 Classic Plus is overwound to create a much more aggressive output that is fantastic for high gain crunch that manages to retain its brilliance and warmth.
Control over the pickups comes in the form of independent volume and tone controls that are accessible via the delightful amber "Top Hat" knobs. A three-way pickup selector switch is on hand for quick changes on-the-fly. The backplate and switch plate covers are made from stainless steel infused polycarbonate for electrostatic discharge protection to prevent unwanted damage to the internal circuitry and components.
Included Accessories
To preserve your new pride and joy at home or on the move, Gibson has included a brown hardshell case. In addition, each model is supplied with a truss rod wrench and Gibson USA owner's manual.
- Specification
Manufacturer Gibson Model Les Paul Standard Figured Walnut Limited Run Electric Guitar Top Material Grade A Walnut Body Material Mahogany Neck Material Mahogany Fingerboard Material Ironwood Pickup Configuration HH Bridge Hard Tail Neck Profile 1950s' No. of Frets 22 Position Inlays Mother of Pearl Bridge/Tailpiece Tune-O-Matic Zamak with Titanium Saddles/Stopbar Tailpiece Active/Passive Passive Tuners Grover Kidney Pickups Neck: '57 Classic Bridge: '57 Classic Plus Controls Neck Volume Control Neck Tone Control Bridge Volume Control Bridge Tone Control Pickup Switching 3-Position Toggle: Position 1. Bridge Pickup, Position 2. Middle Pickup, Position 3. Neck Pickup Finish Natural Included Accessories Voodoo Red Snake Skin Hardshell Case Gibson USA Owner's Manual
- Reviews
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