text:
BETHEL - So many people are hacking down swaths of live trees to reduce costly heating bills that landowners along rivers near Bethel are starting to fear the practice could endanger fish and wildlife habitat.
And with slow-growing trees as old as 200 years disappearing, they worry there may not be much wood left for future generations.
The live wood is being harvested from refuge and Native corporation land along the Kwethluk, Gweek, Tuluksak and other rivers feeding into the Kuskokwim River, said officials with the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge.
The search for wood, live or dead, picks up in the spring as piles run low, said Tom Doolittle, refuge supervisory biologist.
At times, it's "a beehive of activity."
Flying over rivers to do moose surveys one day last spring, he saw as many as 100 people in the process of getting wood. Some were actively cutting trees, others pulled sledloads of logs behind their snowmachine and others were headed toward forests with empty sleds.
Permits are required to collect firewood on Native corporation lands around villages, and not enough people are getting them, said Phillip Guy, a corporate land planner with Kwethluk Inc.
"We are concerned about live trees being cut down," he said. "And we are hoping that firewood gatherers will get only dead wood or previously burned wood in the area."
Other corporations trying to get the word out to stop live tree harvests are in Akiachak, Akiak and possibly Tuluksak, he said.
It's illegal to harvest big, live trees from the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, said Shaun Sanchez, deputy refuge manager. Only live trees with trunks 4 inches thick or less at breast height can be cut.
The larger trees officials want to preserve are generally the reproductive stock.
At about 20 million acres, the refuge surrounds nearly three dozen villages along the Yukon and Kuskokwim river delta. Most of the cuts have been observed in the area around Bethel, Western Alaska's largest city with 5,600 residents.
People remove the big, live trees because it's easier than searching for dead ones, said Sanchez. While many collect wood in snowmachines, others have driven up the frozen rivers in trucks and loaded up on green trees. Some cutters have backed up to banks to mow down trunks.
"There are literally areas you can fly over and there's nothing but stumps left," Sanchez said.
Sanchez said he knows that some people are having trouble paying their bills. Heating fuel runs about $6 a gallon in Bethel and more in villages. People pay hundreds of dollars a month to heat their homes in winter, yet jobs and money are scarce.
Thus, the refuge and the corporations want to stop the illegal cutting through education, he said.
But enforcement officers will issue citations, he said. They could run as high as $200 if they catch illegal cutters.
"We're not trying to stop people from taking (dead) wood and offsetting those energy costs," he said. "I pay the same thing as anyone else so I'm fully aware of it."
Treeless tundra dominates the refuge. There's relatively little forest - trees generally follow rivers and creeks. They grow slowly in the cold climate, Doolittle said.
Many of the live trees that have been cut on refuge land are well up the Kwethluk River and along the Tuluksak, he said.
Most of the removal has targeted spruce trees, reducing wind protection for moose, a problem in the frigid winters when they must stay warm to survive. The cutting also destroys bird habitat.
And sawing down the big trees from riverbanks increases the threat of flooding and the amount of sediment in the water, factors which could threaten fish, including salmon.
Kwethluk Inc. worries that all the cutting might hurt salmon runs that people depend on to fill their freezers, said Guy, the land planner. The corporation owns about 138,000 acres around Kwethluk upriver from Bethel.
"We're concerned that too much cutting might create some problems for the spawning grounds, too much sedimentation," he said.
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MONTREAL (Jan. 28)
Robert Kaplan, a former Solicitor General, asserted today that he believes there are Nazi war criminals living in Canada and that some may have entered the country immediately after World War II by making "certain deals" with the ruling government in power at the time.
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police, meanwhile, is conducting an investigation of its files to determine whether any alleged Nazis may have illegally entered Canada and escaped arrest, according to Solicitor-General Elmer MacKay.
The remarks by the former and current Solicitor-Generals followed reports by the Los Angeles-based Simon Wiesenthal Center alleging that Joseph Mengele, the Auschwitz "angel of death, "applied for entry into Canada in 1962.
Kaplan, interviewed on national television, suggested that some war criminals may have gained admission to Canada by offering in exchange to Canadian authorities important information regarding the infiltration of agents of the Soviet Union into Canada immediately after the war.
A member of the Parliament for the opposition Liberal Party, Kaplan asked the new Conservative government to release two reports the Mounties had prepared at his orders while serving as Solicitor General.
"Had not the Liberal government fallen from power, these two reports would have been brought to public knowledge and measures of retribution taken against war criminals and their protectors," Kaplan said.
MacKay, meanwhile, told reporters last week that "this government is not going to protect any Nazis or any other types of war criminals. "The Wiesenthal Center estimates that some 3,000 Nazi war criminals and collaborators found refuge in Canada.

subset: commoncrawl


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A compression test is a great part of testing the overall health of an engine. By running the test, you can determine the amount of compression each cylinder is making. Large differences between cylinders, low compression or extremely high compression are all things you need to know to determine the state of your motor.
The compression test is relatively easy to perform. With the exception of getting the compression-testing tool, you can do it in your driveway in under two hours.
You will need to borrow, rent or purchase a compression-testing tool. This tool is really a single use only tool, so check around, as most auto stores will rent you one for a small amount or possibly loan it to you for a short time for free.
This is a compression tester. Most local automotive stores have a tool rental program that will allow you to borrow one. The tool can really only be used for testing the compression of the cylinders. Unless you are a professional mechanic, you really want to try and avoid buying one. If you would like to purchase your own, click this link for the part: http://www.pelicanparts.com/cgi-bin/ksearch/PEL_search_2016.cgi?command=DWsearch&description=5606-M1238
You will need to remove the spark plugs, but only one at a time, as you run the test on each cylinder individually. This photo shows a close-up of access to the plugs. You can see there is easy access to the numbers 2, 3 and 4 plugs (red arrows), while number 1 is partially hidden (yellow arrow). It is much easier to run the test on the number 1 plug, if you remove the turbo pipe. While it is possible to change the plug out without removing the pipe, if you are doing this for the first time, do yourself a favor and remove the pipe.
Remove the three fasteners securing the air box lid to the base (red arrows).
Disconnect the line running to the turbo pipe with a 17mm wrench. Note that there are two washers (red arrows) that need to be replaced if you remove the line.
Disconnect the clamp over the pipe by reaching down and unclipping it. Then remove the lid. Next, use a flathead screwdriver and loosen the hose clamps on both ends of the pipe (red arrows).
Remove the pipe from the engine (red arrow).
With the pipe removed, you can see the spark plug wire, boot and how much more room you have to work (red arrow).
Gently wiggle and pull the wire and boot from the top of the plug. There is a special tool for removing the wires that fits in the rings on the bottom of the boot (red arrow). If you take your time and care, you can remove the wire without using it. Do not just grab the connector by the wire and pull, as you run the risk of tearing or separating the cover (yellow arrow).
Using your 13/16-inch spark plug socket and an extension to clear the intake runner, remove the plug from the engine (red arrow). The engine should be cool to the touch, especially when installing the new plugs. You want to make sure the plug is properly seated to avoid cross threading the plug in the head. Do this for all four plugs.
The compression tester will come with different size threads (yellow arrows) on the end as well as rubber gaskets to help seal up the test (red arrows). Some testers will also come with accessories to reach recessed openings. With the plug removed, insert the threaded end of the compression tester. Make sure that the threads fit correctly and then tighten hand tight. You do not need to use a wrench. Hand tight will be fine.
With the threaded end inserted into the spark plug hole, connect the hose to the gauge. The gauge should be zeroed. If it is not, there will be a release valve on the side.
Remove the fuel pump relay (red arrow). On older cars it is located up under the dash. On newer cars it is located in the engine bay. Check with your manual and make sure you remove the proper relay. This will allow the motor to turn over without injecting any fuel into the combustion chamber.
If you have a friend helping, have them turn the motor over for five to six compression cycles or until the gauge reaches the maximum compression (red arrow) it is going to get to. If you are working alone, the gauge should hold enough pressure to give you enough time to crank the motor and then get out and look at the gauge. There is a release valve on the side of the gauge. Release the pressure between tests and when moving to different cylinders. Remove the tester, and replace the spark plug. Then perform the test on each of the remaining cylinders. All cylinders should have the same compression numbers within 8%. Check with your manual to determine what the compression should be for your engine.
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(For more resources related to this topic, see here.)
Mission Briefing
In this project we will be creating a HUD that can be used within a Medieval RPG and that will fit nicely into the provided Epic Citadel map, making use of Scaleform and ActionScript 3.0 using Adobe Flash CS6.
As usual, we will be following a simple step—by—step process from beginning to end to complete the project. Here is the outline of our tasks:
Setting up Flash
Creating our HUD
Importing Flash files into UDK
Setting up Flash
Our first step will be setting up Flash in order for us to create our HUD. In order to do this, we must first install the Scaleform Launcher.
Prepare for Lift Off
At this point, I will assume that you have run Adobe Flash CS6 at least once beforehand. If not, you can skip this section to where we actually import the .swf file into UDK. Alternatively, you can try to use some other way to create a Flash animation, such as FlashDevelop, Flash Builder, or SlickEdit; but that will have to be done on your own.
Engage Thrusters
The first step will be to install the Scaleform Launcher. The launcher will make it very easy for us to test our Flash content using the GFX hardware—accelerated Flash Player, which is what UDK will use to play it. Let's get started.
Open up Adobe Flash CS6 Professional. Once the program starts up, open up Adobe Extension Manager by going to Help | Manage Extensions....
You may see the menu say Performing configuration tasks, please wait.... This is normal; just wait for it to bring up the menu as shown in the following screenshot:
Click on the Install option from the top menu on the right—hand side of the screen. In the file browser, locate the path of your UDK installation and then go into the Binaries\GFx\CLICK Tools\ folder. Once there, select the ScaleformExtensions.mxp file and then select OK.
When the agreement comes up, press the Accept button; then select whether you want the program to be installed for just you or everyone on your computer.
If Flash is currently running, you should get a window popping up telling you that the program will not be ready until you restart the program. Close the manager and restart the program.
With your reopened version of Flash start up the Scaleform Launcher by clicking on Window | Other Panels | Scaleform Launcher.
At this point you should see the Scaleform Launcher panel come up as shown in the following screenshot:
At this point all of the options are grayed out as it doesn't know how to access the GFx player, so let's set that up now.
Click on the + button to add a new profile. In the profile name section, type in GFXMediaPlayer. Next, we need to reference the GFx player. Click on the + button in the player EXE section. Go to your UDK directory, Binaries\GFx\, and then select GFxMediaPlayerD3d9.exe. It will then ask you to give a name for the Player Name field with the value already filled in; just hit the OK button.
UDK by default uses DirectX 9 for rendering. However, since GDC 2011, it has been possible for users to use DirectX 11. If your project is using 11, feel free to check out http://udn.epicgames.com/Three/DirectX11Rendering.html and use DX11.
In order to test our game, we will need to hit the button that says Test with: GFxMediaPlayerD3d9 as shown in the following screenshot:
If you know the resolution in which you want your final game to be, you can set up multiple profiles to preview how your UI will look at a specific resolution. For example, if you'd like to see something at a resolution of 960 x 720, you can do so by altering the command params field after %SWF PATH% to include the text —res 960:720.
Now that we have the player loaded, we need to install the CLIK library for our usage. Go to the Preferences menu by selecting Edit | Preferences. Click on the ActionScript tab and then click on the ActionScript 3.0 Settings... button.
From there, add a new entry to our Source path section by clicking on the + button. After that, click on the folder icon to browse to the folder we want. Add an additional path to our CLIK directory in the file explorer by first going to your UDK installation directory and then going to Development\Flash\AS3\CLIK.
Click on the OK button and drag—and—drop the newly created Scaleform Launcher to the bottom—right corner of the interface.
Objective Complete — Mini Debriefing
Alright, Flash is now set up for us to work with Scaleform within it, which for all intents and purposes is probably the hardest part about working with Scaleform. Now that we have taken care of it, let's get started on the HUD!
As long as you have administrator access to your computer, these settings should be set for whenever you are working with Flash. However, if you do not, you will have to run through all of these settings every time you want to work on Scaleform projects.
Creating our HUD
Now that Flash is set up, let's actually create our HUD menu.
Engage Thrusters
Now let's start create our HUD menu!
Inside the main menu of Adobe Flash, create a new ActionScript 3.0 project by going to Create New | ActionScript 3.0.
In the PROPERTIES section of the Properties inspector, set the Size to 1280 x 720 by clicking on the existing numbers and typing in the new values and then hitting Enter. Above the stage, find the zoom scaling that currently says 100% and change it so that you can see everything within the white box. Alternatively, you can use Ctrl + 1.
Access the Library section by clicking on the tab next to the Properties tab. Outside of Flash, go to the project's assets folder.
Select all of the files and drag—and—drop them into the Library tab. Wait for the import dialog to finish and you should see all of the files placed there.
From there, go to the Timeline section at the bottom of the screen and create a new layer by either clicking on the new layer button at the very bottom—left corner of the program or by right—clicking on Layer1 and selecting New Layer. Double—click on the layer on the top and change its name to ActionScript. Double—click on the other layer and give it the name of Lifebar. Create two more layers, one above the Lifebar layer with the name of Overlay and one below with the name of Background. You can drag—and—drop layers to put them where you want them.
Click on the first keyframe of the Background layer. Drag—and—drop the Lifebar_background.png image to the top—left corner of the stage.
Continue to place the Lifebar_overlay.png file in the Overlay layer and the Lifebar_health.png file into the Lifebar layer between them.
Now, we won't be touching the overlay or backgrounds anymore, so on both of those layers click on the dots under the little lock for those layers, to lock them so that we can't change it anymore. You can notice where to click and where the locks are in the following screenshot:
Next, in order to reference our lifebar in code, we need to have some way to reference it. In order to do that, we're going to have to make our graphic into a movie clip. Thankfully, it's very easy. Click to select and then right—click on the lifebar object and select Convert to Symbol... (or press F8). There, in the Name section, type in lifebarMC and confirm that the Type value is Movie Clip. Once that is set, click on OK.
Click on the Properties tab with the lifebar selected. In the textbox that has the instance's name in it, change the value to lifebar.
Click on the Lifebar layer and then click on our health image. Then select the Free Transform tool by either clicking on the third icon on the Tools panel or by pressing the Q key (the icon selected in the following screenshot on the far right). You should see a white circle in the middle of our image; this is the point at which scaling will begin. Click and drag that circle to the far left of the image on the x axis and to the middle of the image on the y axis.
If you'd like to see how scaling changes depending on where the white dot is, press Ctrl + T to open up the transform tool and change the value of the X scaling. Just make sure it's set to 100 before you move to the next step.
Save your project by going to File | Save, and type in a name of your choice (I used hotshot_hud). Click on the stage once again and access the Properties inspector. Under Publish in Class, type in the same name (hotshot_hud). Afterwards, click on the pencil beside it and you should see the following warning:
Click on the Test with: GFxMediaPlayerD3d9 button to start up our program. After it has run, close it along with the console window that opened up with it. Click on the pencil icon again and it may ask what to open with. Select Flash Professional and click OK. You should see some code in the pop—up window already written for us. Save that file (by hitting Ctrl + S) with the filename given to you, in the same folder as the .fla file (hotshot_hud).
Replace the text in the file with the following code snippet:
package { // Needed for the stage importflash.display.MovieClip; // Allows us to use Scaleform importscaleform.gfx.Extensions; //Allows us to use the Event.ENTER_FRAME event listener importflash.events.Event; // Declaring the Document class public class hotshot_hud extends MovieClip { // Variables that we will be using to show the // player's current and max health public static var currentHealth:int = 100; public static var maxHealth:int = 100; //Constructor will be called the first frame of the game public function hotshot_hud() { // Enables Scaleform Extensions.enabled = true; // Adds an event so that the Update function will // be called every single frame. addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME,this.Update); } // Code that we want to run every frame of the game function Update(event:Event) { // Update our life's scale to reflect the current // ratio of currentHealth to maxHealth lifebar.scaleX = currentHealth/maxHealth; } } )
Save your project by hitting Ctrl + S on both files and then click on the Test with: GFxMediaPlayerD3d9 button on the Scaleform Launcher to start up our program.
Objective Complete — Mini Debriefing
In a very simple way, we have created a good—looking HUD within Flash that we will be using in UDK with a few short steps!
Importing Flash files into UDK
Now that we have our content, let's bring it in!
Engage Thrusters
Let's now start importing Flash files into UDK.
UDK can only import Flash files that are within a specific folder. Inside your file browser, go to the folder with your .fla and .as files. In that folder, you should see a file with a .swf extension. Copy that file and go to your UDK installation folder (UDKGame\Flash\) and create a new folder called Hotshot. Inside that folder, paste the .swf Flash movie file.
You must put Flash files within the UDKGame\Flash\ folder or a subfolder of that folder. You can name the subfolder however you'd like.
Start up UDK again. Open up the Content Browser window and click on the Import button. Find the movie file and click OK. You will notice that the Import dialog already sets the package name to Hotshot, so just say OK and save this package.
With the movie selected, open up Kismet. Create a Level Loaded event by right—clicking and going to New Event | Level Loaded.
To the right—hand side of that, create an Open GFx Movie action by right—clicking and gong to New Action | GFx UI | Open GFx Movie. Connect the Loaded and Visible outputs from the Level Loaded event to the In input of the Open GFx Movie action.
Create a player variable for Player Owner by right—clicking and going to New Variable | Player | Player, and in the Properties window uncheck the All Players option.
Create a new object variable for Movie Player by right—clicking on the pink arrow and selecting Create New Object Variable.
Go back into the Content Browser window and select the SwfMovie that we imported previously. Back in Kismet, click on the Open GFx Movie action to see its properties; and click on the green arrow in the Movie property to see the value SwfMovie'Hotshot.hotshot_hud' be filled in.
Next, create a Get Property action by right—clicking and going to New Action | Object Property | Get Property. Under the Target section, create another Player 0 variable. In the Int section, create a new integer variable. Click on the action to access its properties. Under Property Name, type Health. Connect the Success output of the Open GFx Movie action to the In input of the Get Property action. Create a delay of 0.2 seconds in the connect by right—clicking on the black square on the In input of the Get Property action and selecting Set Activate Delay.
To the right—hand side of that, create a GFx SetVariable action by right—clicking and going to New Action | GFx UI | GFx SetVariable. Connect the Value section to the Int section we created in the Get Property action and the Movie Player section of the GFx SetVariable action to the Movie Player section of the Open GFx Movie action. In the action's properties, set the Variable value to hotshot_hud. currentHealth. Connect the Out output of the Get Property action to the In input of the GFx SetVariable action. Then connect the Out output of the GFx SetVariable action to the In input of the Get Property action.
For a view of the entire Kismet sequence, please look at the following screenshot:
Build your project by going to Build | Build All. Save your game by going to File | Save All, and run our game by going to Play | In Editor.
Objective Complete — Mini Debriefing
And with that, our HUD is now fully functional. As our player gains and loses health, the HUD will coincide with that value. Dropping the Kismet we created into a level will work when the HUD's visuals make a lot of sense.
Or not...but it still works perfectly.
Mission Accomplished
One can clearly see after this mission how useful having Scaleform is and how powerful a tool it can be. Specifically, we just set Flash up so that we could implement something using Scaleform by adding the Scaleform Launcher to Flash, and imported the Scaleform libraries for our use. After that, we imported custom art assets into Flash and created a Document class to hold our code, which will update our health in every frame. Once we published our project, we went back into UDK and imported the file into a level and added Kismet to load the movie and use it as our main HUD, giving us a much more polished HUD than we created previously. Also, it gave you a taste of what can be done using Scaleform, which can be easily expanded upon. Let's take one final look at what we have accomplished:
In this article we learned about how to create an HUD that can be used within a Medieval RPG and will fit nicely into the provided Epic Citadel map making use of Scaleform and ActionScript 3.0 using Adobe Flash CS6.
Resources for Article :
Further resources on this subject:
- Configuration and Handy Tweaks for UDK [Article]
- Creating Virtual Landscapes [Article]
- Unreal Development Toolkit: Level Design HQ [Article]


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Genealogy Report: Descendants of Hans Jacob Bechtel
Descendants of Hans Jacob Bechtel
1.HANS JACOB1 BECHTEL was born March 06, 1749/50 in Germany, and died 1815 in Plain TwpStark CountyOhio.He married CATHERINA LETCH March 16, 1773.She was born April 15, 1755, and died March 19, 1842 in Canton TwpStark CoutyOhio.
Notes for HANS JACOB BECHTEL:
This is the Bible Record of the family, entered as translated from German.
Jauy 2. 1897Family Recordoriginal in German & now in English
in possession of Moses. A Bachtel.(father cozin) in Canton Ohio
John Jacob Bachtel born March 6th 1750
Catharine Letch his wife was bornApril 15th 1755 and
were married March 16th 1773.
Lived also in Conamaughville
Bachtel CHILDREN
John Jacob was born Feby 10th 1774 - Eldest John
George Bachtel was born October 14th 1775
Magdalene Bachtel was born Dec. 3d 1777
jno Jacob Bachtel was born Oct. 9th 1779
jno Martin Bachtel was born Oct. 26th 1783
Anna Barbara Bachtel was born Nov. 5th 1786
Frederick Bachtel was born March 21st 1789
Daniel Bachtel was born August 28th 1793
Thomas Bachtel was born Feby 17 1796
David Bachtel was born June 13th 1798
Pioneers of Md. Penna and Ohio
Psalms LXXIV-5.
"A man was famous according
as he had lifted up axes upon the
thick trees."
Hy. A. Bachtel
Jan. 8th, 1899.
Hagerstown, Md.
#118 prospect St.
This Bible Record was from the Bible of Moses Bachtel and was copied by Henry A. Bachtell.
"Hans Jacob is buried in an old cemetery now a city park at 10th & South Sts., West of McKinley Avenue on the West side near a White Oak Tree".- from SAR application of H. Sheridan Baketel, Jr.This is, of course in CantonStark CountyOhio.Copy of this record on file.
There are many census records on file for Hans Jacob and his family ... because of the various spellings, locations in both Ohio and Pennsylvania and the present various geographical unknowns
we are not trying to apply these to individuals but do use them for referral for proving known facts.
HALBERT'S, 3687 Ira Road, Bath, Ohio, 44210, has a Coat of Arms for the name 'Bachtell'.It was drawn by an heraldic artist from information officially recorded in ancient heraldic archives.Documentation for the Bachtell Coat of Arms design can be found in 'Rietstap Armorial General'. Heraldic artists of old developed their own unique language to describe an individual Coat of Arms.In their language, the 'Arms' (shield) is as follows:
"D'azur a une riviere en barre d'arg., acc. de deux etoiles du meme."
When translated the Arms description is:
"Blue with a silver river in right diagonal position accompanied by 2 silver stars."
Above the shield and helmet is the crest which is described as:
"Un jeune homme iss., hab. d'azur, rebr. d'arg., au rabat du meme, coiffe d'un bonnet d'azur retr. d'arg., supp .de sa main dextre etendue une etoile d'arg.; le tout entre un vol d'azur."
"A young man issuing clothed in blue cuffed silver with a silver clerical collar, coifed in a blue bonnet turned up silver, supporting in his right extended hand, a silver star, all between a pair of blue wings."
Family Mottos are believed to have originated as battle cries in medieval times.A motto was not recorded with the Bachtell Coat of Arms.Note:-Halberts has been called undependable from the lady who owns a Coat of Arms shop in Jacksonville Florida.Coat of Arms on file purchased from Jacksonville and picture in My Documents.
The farm purchased by his son Johnin Pike Twp Stark CountyOhio was owned by Mahlon Slutz in the 1980s-90s and is near the Melscheimer Church.It was Range 8, Township 9 Section 10, Part of Section: Northwest Quarter, 167.65 acres.Date of Entry: October 25, 1811.Land Office where sold: Canton.Located now (October 20, 1986) in Stark CountyPike TownshipOhio River Survey, page 73.When sold there were only 142 acres andwe believe the Melscheimer Church land was taken from the farm.An imperfect record indicates that it was intended to issue a patent to Jacob Baghtel for said tract on June 19, 1813, but it cannot be determined whether one did actually issue.The land was probably rceived from the United States, but was never recorded.It was on the road from Canton to SandyvilleStark CountyOhio.Melscheimer Cemetery is located on West side of Ridge Road South, 1.6 miles north of Battlesburg Road in Pike TwpStark County Ohio.It is bordered by Ridge Road on the East and Melschmer Street on the North. (From Cemetery Inscriptions of Stark County, Ohio volume 11)
There is no signature by the President of the United States or of the Commissioner of the General Land Office.This was the Beghtel homestead from the period of 1813 through 1847 when Frederick, son of Hans Jacob died and some of his heirs sold and went to Indiana.This is recorded in Volume 18 pg 40Steubenville Land Office Records.Copy on file.
On February 25, 1984, Fred Beghtel of AndrewsWabash CountyIndiana and Fort Myers Beach Florida wrote:
The idea of the three brother mercenaries who King Frederick had sold to the British to fight against the colonists - captured at Valley Forge - two starved to death - one, a good blacksmith was well fed to shoe the officers horses.After the war he was pardoned and received some land in the interior.Well, a great story - something passed along by word from one to another, maybe.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- There are maps and information on file concerning the Conemaugh Valley Bedford County and other significant Pennsylvania places that are a part of the migration of the family.These are filed with information concerning Hans Jacob Bechtel.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Hans Jacob died in 1815 at SandyvilleStark CountyOhio and his will is dated Dec 20 1813.He was buried in McKinley Park in CantonStark County Ohio between 10th and S Sts W of McKinley Ave.In the 1990s the grave cannot be located and it seems there is a building at that spot.There is a stone for he and Catherine at the Cavetown Lutheran Church in Hagerstown Maryland, reportedly put there by Moses Bachtel.(Pictures on file.)There is no reason to believe they are buried there, however.
1810 Census Bedford CountyDublin and Air Twps
Jacob Bechtel0ll0011110
Hans Jacoband Catherine Letch Bechtel should have been the following according to our records:
Jacob Bechtel0200101111
It appears they listed themselves as not over 45 whle they were actually 55 and 60 if this is them.
There is alsoJacob Pachtle and Samuel Pachtle but I believe they are a different line.
'Stark County, Ohio - Will Abstracts 1811-1822' from 'Gateway to the West', Vol. II, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1989, by Ruth Bowers and Anita Short, lists:
Beachtle, Jacob of Canton township - dated 12-20-1813. Wife, Catharine. Sons:-David, John, George, Jacob, Martin, Frederick, Daniel and Thomas Baechtle; David was not of age.Daughters:- Magdalena Flora, Barbara Brothers and Mary Beachtle.Executor:-Son, John Beachtle, Signed:-Jacob (His mark) Beachtle.Witnesses:-David Silver, John Richards and Leonard Mowan. (Will Record A pg 4)
The will:
In the Name of God Amen I Jacob Beachtle of Canton Township Stark County and State of Ohio being weak in body but of sound and perfect mind and memory considering the uncertainty of this Mortal life Blessed be the Almighty God do make and publish this as my last will and testament in the manner and form following1st I give and bequeath unto my beloved wife Catharine Beachtle the third of all my personal estate of Lands Goods chattles or whatsoever and she is to dwell in the mansion house and none of my Personal Estate to be sold or removed but kept under the same manner as if I were living until my son David Beachtle is twenty one years old and then the said my Personal Property Lands goods Chattles or whatsoever to be sold at Publick Sale except one bed and beddingSpinning Wheeland cow and the sum Dividing therefrom to be given in the manner following1st to my wife Catharine Beachtle one bed and bedding one Spinning Wheel one Cow which is to be given her besides the third of the Money arising from my said personal estate to have as long as she abideth a widow and there remainder of the said sum arising is to be given to my children as follows2nd My Son John Beachtlemy Son George Beachtleand Daughter Magdalena floramy Son Jacob Beachtlemy Son Martin Beachtlemy Daughter Barbara Brothersmy Son Frederick Beachtlemy Daughter Mary Beachtlemy Son Daniel Beachtlemy Son Thomas Beachtlemy Son David Beachtle each and every of my said children is to have an equal part of the said sum remainingfrom my Personal Estate and I also give and bequeath unto my Sons Daniel BeachtleThomas Beachtleand David Beachtle the sum of twenty Dollars Each of them more than the rest of my children and Lastly I appoint my Son John Beachtle my Sole Executor of my last will and testament hereby revoking all former Wills by me madein Witness Whereof I have set my hand and seal the twentyeth day of December in the year of our Lord 1813I also give and bequeath unto my daughter Mary Beachtle one bed and beddingone cow and Spining Wheel to be given her besides her eaqual part of my Personal Estate of the aforesaid.
SignedSealedPublished and Declared
by the above named Jacob Beachtle to be
his will and testament in the Presence of
us who have hereunto subscribed our namesSignedj.b.SEAL
as Witnesses in the presence of the Testator.
Note:- These 3 items given to Catherina is a very German tradition.
More About HANS JACOB BECHTEL:
Burial: 1815, McKinley ParkCantonStark CoOH.
Fact 1: Bef. 1813, Lived in Washington/Frederick Co MD/PA.
Fact 2: FTM CD #26Tree #160
Fact 3: Cem.stone Cavetown Lutheran Church/MD.
Fact 4: October 25, 1811, Bought 167.65acreNW1/4Sec10Twp9Rge8.try for aboveland in Pike Twp Stark Co.
Fact 5: June 19, 1813, Entry for above land in Pike Twp. Stark Co.
Fact 6: Land 1/2 mile south of north line of Twp.
Fact 7: When sold listed as 142.84 acres.
Fact 8: Melscheimer Cem taken from his land.
Notes for CATHERINA LETCH:
Information about the family of Hans Jacob and Catherina Letch Bechtel may be found in the following places:
"Old Landmarks of Canton and Stark CountyOhio" p 606, by Danner
"Stark County OhioCemetery Inscriptions"
"Bechtel Family Encyclopedia" by Barbara Dalby
"Gateway to the West" series by Mary Ellen Bowman
Stark County Death Records SCOL microfilm VIp 881867-1908
Stark County Marriage Records SCOL microfilm VA p 270
"History of Stark County, 1881", by Perrin.
Histories and Bible Records of Various Family Branches on file.
Records of Apple's Church, Frederick County Maryland (in German)LDS Film #0020365
Apfel's Church is over South Mountain from the area of Cavetown, Chewsville, Maryland
"Revolutionary Records of Maryland" p 21-23, by Brumbaugh & Hodges
Personal Primary records and pictures
Various maps and very old Pennsylvania County Histories from old book without author
or publisher frontispiece in Defiance (Ohio) Carnegie Library
Fulton County (Pennsylvania) Historical Society, Inc. Records Vol 7, 1985,p 10 .Copy on file.
U.S.Direct Tax of 1798 for Fulton County PA:
Occupant/Owner ...Jacob Bechtel ... 1 story log ...22x20 ...7 windows... 42 panes
Spring House ... 18x18Township- AirValue ... $150
Occupant/Owner ...Jacob Bechtel ...Outbuildings ... Stone Barn 80x32 ... Neighbor ...
Benjamin Stevens ... Township- Air
This could put Hans Jacob and Eldest John Jacob in Bedford CountyPennsylvania in
1798 ... Fulton County was created from Bedford County in 1850.
Fulton County (Pennsylvania) Historical Society, Inc. Records Vol 7, 1985, p 19.Copy on file.
1811 Tax List:(____)=Total assessed value of all items listed given in dollars.
Baghtel, Jacob: 100 acres (location): 3 horses ;3 cows (299)
Baghtel, John: Blacksmith; 50 acres (location: 1 horse; 1 cow (183)
Fulton County (Pennsylvania) Historical Society, Inc. Records Vol 12, 1990, p 27. Copy on file.
1808 Triennial Tax Assessment - Bedford CountyPennsylvania
Greenfield TownshipBedford County (Pennsylvania) 1808
Bechtol, Jacob - 100 Improvements; Horse, 2 cattle; Farmer; $241; Tax $1.21
Bechtol, John-40 Improvements; Horse, 2 cattle; Blacksmith; #131. Tax $.81
Fulton County (Pennsylvania) Historical Society, Inc. Records Vol 12, 1990, p 92.Copy on file.
Wareham, Jacob - 250 Improvements; Cow; Farmer: $6; Tax $2.54
Fulton County (Pennsylvania) Historical Society, Inc. Records Vol 12, 1990, p 92.Copy on file.
Wareham, Jacob - 250 Improvements; Cow;Farmer; $6; Tax $2.54
Bechtol, John-40 Improvements;Horse, 2 cattle; Blacksmith; $131; Tax $.81
More About CATHERINA LETCH:
Fact 1: Cont. living in same house after Jacob died.
Fact 2: Buried Zion Church Plain Twp Stark Co.
Fact 3: Son Daniel lived in same yard until 1836.
Children of HANS BECHTEL and CATHERINA LETCH are:
|JOHN JACOB2 BAGHTEL, b. February 10, 1774, CavetownFrederick/Washington Co MD; d. Abt. September 1841, Stark County Ohio.
|GEORGE BACHTEL, b. October 14, 1775, CavetownFrederick/Washington CountyMaryland; d. Aft. 1820, Pike TwpStark CountyOhio.
|MAGDALENA BECHTEL, b. December 03, 1777, ConemaughvilleHuntingdon CountyPennsylvania; d. September 24, 1837, Pike TwpStark CountyOhio.
|JACOB JOHN BACHTELL, b. October 09, 1779, Conemaugh(ville) Huntingdon CountyPennsylvania; d. March 31, 1860, Washington County Maryland.
|MARTIN JOHN BACHTEL, b. October 26, 1783, CavetownFrederick/Washington CountyMaryland; d. October 30, 1849, SmithsburgFrederick CountyMaryland.
|BARBARA ANNA BECHTEL, b. November 05, 1786, CavetownWashington County Maryland; d. July 30, 1867, SpartaStark County Ohio; m. (1) MATHIAS SMITH; m. (2) JOHN BROTHERS, Bef. 1813, Pennsylvania; d. 1848, SpartaStark County Ohio.
| More About BARBARA ANNA BECHTEL:
Burial: Abt. July 30, 1867, Buried in East Sparta CemeteryStark CoOhio
Fact 1: Huntingdon County Pennsylvania
Fact 2: November 05, 1786, May have been born in Conemaugh(ville)
Fact 3: Neighbors of parents in Pike Twp Stark Co OH
Fact 4: December 1813, Named in will of her father
| More About MATHIAS SMITH:
Fact 1: There is no proof of this second marriage.
|FREDERICK BECHTEL, b. March 21, 1789, CavetownFrederick/Wash CO Maryland; d. February 26, 1840, Pike TwpStark CountyOhio.
|MARY ANNA BACHTEL, b. November 05, 1791, CavetownFrederick/Washington CountyMaryland; d. August 09, 1872, Pike TwpStark CountyOhio.
|DANIEL BACHTEL, b. August 28, 1793, CavetownFrederick/Washington CountyMaryland; d. April 01, 1860, RoanokeHuntington County Indiana.
|THOMAS BECHTEL, b. February 17, 1796, Conemaugh(ville) Huntingdon County PA.; m. MARY BANKER.
| More About THOMAS BECHTEL:
Fact 1: February 12, 1796, May have been born in CavetownMaryland.
Fact 2: 1813, Accompanied parents to Pike Twp Stark Co OH.
Fact 3: 1826, Divorce papers filed in Stark County Ohio.
Fact 4: March 14, 1843, He left; no further record of him.
|DAVID BACHTEL, b. June 13, 1798, CavetownFrederick/Washington CountyMaryland; d. September 22, 1838, Pike TwpStark CountyOhio.


text:
Austin voters sent a message at the polls: they want change.
District 6 City Council Member Don Zimmerman, best known for his conservative voice, controversial comments and voting record, was defeated by Web Developer Jimmy Flannigan.
This is the second time the two faced off on the ballot. In 2014, Flannigan fell to Zimmerman in a runoff by 191 votes. This time, he won by 3,250 votes.
Wednesday morning, Flannigan talked with KVUE News about his plans to lead the residents of Northwest Austin.
"What it takes to get stuff done is five more votes and that's what I'm concerned about. I'm concerned about the issues in my district being communicated to the rest of Austin so the rest of council understands the challenges of a suburban district," said Flannigan. "So we can find solutions where we all come together and have the votes we need to pass change."
KVUE News reached out to Zimmerman and went to both his District and Campaign Offices Wednesday. He wasn't there, hasn't responded to our requests and his staff said they don't know when he'd be back.
He later sent this statement through the Travis County Republican Party:
The rainy weather fits the mood around Zimmerman campaign headquarters this evening. However, a break in the clouds is all but guaranteed.
After accepting the results of the Austin City Council election, District 6 City Council member Don Zimmerman said losing his bid for re-election will make two things very clear.
"For one," Zimmerman said, "supporters of lower taxes and fewer regulations will have to work harder and organize better if we're to represent the taxpayers fairly in future elections. This I know we can do if we put our talents and resources together."
"Secondly, it's going to get very expensive to live here, and very soon. It won't be long before our political opponents will understand what we've been saying all along about the burgeoning size and scope of city government into our daily lives. They will have no choice but to leave or form alliances with those of us who have said all along that we're spending ourselves into oblivion."
Zimmerman added that while the rest of the nation and Texas embraced restrained government and transparency, the majority of Austin voters, instead, aligned with New York City-style politics.
"I will continue fighting for our values as a Texan-American," he said.
Zimmerman congratulates his opponent, Jimmy Flannigan, on a hard-fought, second campaign for election. "I'm sure he'll feel right at home at City Hall."
The residents in District 10 could also have new representation on council.
Incumbent Sheri Gallo got 48 percent of the vote, not the 50 percent she needed to win. She will now be in a run-off with Philanthropic adviser Alison Alter who clinched 35.5 percent of the vote. This is the second time Gallo has been in a run-off and she's confident she'll win.
"I am overwhelmingly in first place and almost 13 percent ahead of my opponent," Gallo said.
"Runoffs are about getting our your supporters and getting them out and showing up to vote and there is no doubt in my mind that we will work harder and do that better than my opponent," she added.
Alter's not going down without a fight.
"A runoff is a whole different game. In a runoff, the person who comes in second in the regular election very often ends up being the winner as Council Member Gallo was last time around. And there's not that much difference between how many votes she was behind when she ran last time and where I am," Alter said.
Early voting for the runoff is Dec. 5-9. The election is Tuesday, Dec. 13.


text:
Created: Robert Ancell
Contributors: Thomas Voß, Robert Ancell, Kevin Gunn
We have developed and continue to grow our next generation display server called Mir. It is a system-level component targeting to unlock next-generation user experiences for devices ranging from traditional Linux desktops to mobile devices to embedded products powered by Ubuntu. Mir is currently shipping as an integral part of our Ubuntu Touch. Mir can be viewed as a replacement for the X window server system on Ubuntu for desktop form factors, making Mir the unified solution for Ubuntu. On the desktop Mir can currently be installed and experienced through the unity8-desktop-session-mir package. This wiki outlines the motivation for the project, describes the high level design, summarizes the scope, and provides the roadmap of the Mir display server.
The purpose of Mir is to enable the development of user interface shells. In the case of Ubuntu, Mir will be utilized by Unity8. Mir will also be delivered for "kiosk style" employment for Ubuntu Core, more information can be found here. In addition, Mir has been developed in a manner that will retain its flexibility and usability in order that shells other than Unity may employ it.
In general, we have the following attributes in mind when developing the system:
Well-Defined Functionality
We develop the system based on requirements and use-cases. We want to avoid the situation of unnecessary feature-bloat, as well as adopting features that can reside in places other than Mir. This allows the system to evolve on its own time-line without actual need for it.
The system should fulfill all of the requirements as efficiently as possible, with a focus on CPU cycles, GPU cycles, memory and power consumption. We want to establish a set of benchmarks that make sure that the system lives up to this attribute.
The system should be under test as much as possible. We consider all three levels of testing-detail (unit, integration and acceptance tests) to ensure a high quality and to deliver a product that just works (tm). More to this, any development should only happen starting with a well-defined acceptance test available. Any feature that we cannot test for cannot be implemented in a high quality.
Versatile & Flexible
The system should easily be adaptable and portable to different platforms and use-cases (within the range of the well-defined functionality mentioned before). Running the system on a mobile device, exposing only a limited functionality like a system-level compositor should not be a special-case but a requirement easily fulfilled by the system.
For instance we now have seen some embedded products use Mir with a custom shell as a single compositor. As well as our Unity8 based phone products using Mir with a Unity8 based shell with nested Mir as a system & session compositor in place for security and design requirements.
We want to avoid exposing any sort of privileged protocol to client applications. In particular, we want to prevent (malicious) client applications from spoofing on the input event stream or capture the screen content without at least a prior authorization/authentication step. To this end, we restrict the set of non-privileged operations.
Toolkit Integration & Legacy X Application Support
Mir's client library should be easy to integrate with existing toolkits. Application authors relying on Qt/QML, GTK3, XUL etc. should not be required to perform additional porting as we will work on providing Mir integration for the most prominent toolkit choices. In reality though, certain legacy applications will not be able to transition away from X completely, and we will provide an in-session rootless X server that is integrated with Mir. It acts as an on-demand compatibility layer between legacy X applications and the session-level Unity/Mir instance.
Mir Project
The majority of the Mir software is in the Mir project on Launchpad. This project produces two key libraries:
- libmirserver - A library containing the server side components of Mir. This is used to implement a compositor and provide arbitration for the system to the gpu and displays.
- libmirclient - A library to allow applications to communicate with Mir servers. This is used by toolkits or applications directly.
In addition to the Mir project there are some associated projects that build on Mir technology:
QtMir - QPA plugin for writing a Mir shell using Qt
QtUbuntu - QPA plugin for writing Mir clients using Qt
- unity-system-compositor - A Mir server that compositites between sessions, greeters and boot screens
Unity - A user shell implemented using Mir
Unity Greeter - A greeter implemented using Mir
A full Mir based display stack looks like this:
Mir Internals
The compositor is responsible for presenting the final scene consisting of all application and shell surfaces (windows) on screen. It contains a renderer that takes care of applying effects (e.g., drop shadows) to the individual surfaces. The compositor is synchronized to vblank to avoid tearing and wasting cycles.
Input Management
The system should support reading measurements (coordinates, keys, acceleration values …) from arbitrary input devices, pre-processing the event stream, presenting it to a chain of server-side filters (e.g., to support shell-level gesture recognition or keyboard interaction) and finally delivering it to client applications. We want the server-side input stack to be flexible in that it should support reading from arbitrary input devices, with a focus on the evdev kernel subsystem.
Finally we want to make sure that the input stack is as efficient as possible with respect to power consumption. Most importantly, we want to be able to throttle down event propagation to client applications to match vblanc and account for the loss in sampling accuracy by means of predicting future motion events.
We have looked at multiple candidate input stacks and have chosen the one included in Android for its efficiency, clear design and flexibility. We adapted the stack to compile outside of the Android source tree, only relying on the STL and boost.
Output Management
The system should support monitoring connected physical display devices, without assuming a certain type of connector. More to this, the system should provide means for shell components to react to changes in the configuration of the physical display devices, to:
Support common multi-monitor use-cases and to Support seamless transitions between different form factors (thinking about the convergence device here)
Another important area of functionality is support for multiple GPUs with different characteristics running in the same system. High-end laptops with discrete graphics powering games or 3D-intensive applications and featuring an on-chip graphics solution for low power consumption scenarios are a prominent example here. We want to be able to seamlessly transition between both GPUs and move application and their respective EGL contexts from one GPU to the other.
Application Management
Applications should be first class citizens in our display server. An application is named and consists of an arbitrary number of surfaces. The shell components can access the set of currently running/registered applications and operate on top of the collection to provide e.g. Alt-Tab functionality. Shell
The shell, or system level UI, will be a first-class citizen of the display server, at least in terms of well-defined interfaces that are used to communicate back and forth between the shell and the other components of the display server. We do consider an in-process shell approach right now, but we might revisit this decision in the future.
Inter-app Data Exchange
Mir will provide a secure token method for another system operation to arbitrate between applications wanting to share data via a copy-n-paste or drag-n-drop paradigm. This is implemented as mircookie today.
Mir Today
On Android Drivers
Currently the Ubuntu Touch or "phablet" images use Mir, starting in 13.10 through 16.04 and beyond. There are also multiple mobile and embedded products leveraging this architecture and shipping today. Mir has also been able to demonstrate Unity8 "convertible" on this architecture, meaning the shell will can transition from a mobile experience to a traditional-desktop experience based on the appearance/disappearance of various input devices, available since 15.04+stable phone overlay OTA11
Mir on the Free Graphics Driver Stack
Mir also runs on top of the free graphics driver stack, leveraging GBM, DRM and KMS to integrate with existing graphics hardware. This particular configuration can be run with the currently optional package unity8-desktop-session-mir for Ubuntu desktop installations, more information available at Unity8Desktop wiki and a demo video from a community member here. We've even run Mir on top of the mesa stack on a dragonBoard.
Mir on HW Supported By Closed Source Drivers
At the moment, partners have not delivered closed source or "proprietary" drivers compatible with Mir. However, we are in contact with GPU vendors and are working closely together with them to support Mir and to distill a reusable and unified EGL-centric driver model that further eases display server development in general and keeps cross-platform use-cases in mind.
Mir continues as integral part of Ubuntu Touch. Mir continues to be available as part of the Ubuntu Desktop preview of Unity8-desktop. Mir as a snap for Ubuntu Core, starting in 16.04 and beyond.
The information below is considered historical as we are shipping Mir in real products today and remain to delivering and supporting Mir.
Motivation - Why Mir?
The sophisticated user experience offered by mobile devices like the iPhone or Android-powered devices changes the expectations of users regarding a "fast'n'fluid" (f'n'f) way of interacting with their devices as well as a need an expectation for that experience to remain secure. Historically, graphical user interfaces on the Linux platform have been powered by the X windowing system. X has a long and successful history and it has served the purposes of both system level and application level UI well for more than 3 decades. However, users nowadays expect a more consistent and a more integrated user experience than what is possible to offer on top of the X window system. Even more recent developments like the introduction of compositors to the X stack does not fully solve the situation and both shell and application development do have to deploy workarounds to overcome issues with the X rendering model. With respect to shell development (Unity), three major shortcomings of the X stack prevent us from delivering the user experience (f'n'f) we have in mind:
- X shares a lot of system state across process boundaries. This is obviously not a problem in itself but a system-level UI that is meant to provide a beautiful and consistent user experience is likely to require tight control over the overall system state.
- X's input model is complex and allows applications to spoof on input events they do not own. On the one hand, this raises serious security concerns, especially regarding mobile platforms. On the other hand, adjusting and extending X's input model is difficult and supporting features like input event batching and compression, motion event prediction together with associated power-saving strategies or flexible synchronization schemes for aligning input event delivery and rendering operations is (too) complex.
- The compositor hierarchy ends on the session level, and no tight integration into the system from boot time onward is available. For that reason, there is a visible glitch when transitioning the system from a VT-level to the graphical shell level.
In addition to the points mentioned before, X's graphics driver model lacks focus and its adoption throughout the industry has been problematic. Again, focusing on the mobile use-cases, more consistent driver models like the Android graphics driver model offer much better support and adoption by SOC and GPU vendors. For this reason, we decided to go for a well-defined driver model and we stated the following requirements:
- Tailored towards an EGL/GL(ES) world.
- Minimal assumptions regarding the underlying driver model.
- Ability to leverage existing drivers implementing the Android driver model.
- Ability to leverage existing hardware compositors.
In summary, we want to provide a graphics stack that works across different platforms and driver models by limiting our assumptions to a bare minimum. The graphics stack and its display server component should be easily integrateable with the shell and act as a model that allows a shell to inject/define custom behavior easily. Here, our focus on security plays an important role: We want to avoid the need to expose a privileged protocol that would need to guarded by additional security means like AppArmor. To this end, we prefer an in-process approach that allows a shell implementation to interact with the display server model in a much more flexible way.
Finally, we want to emphasize our focus on quality and enforce a test-driven development approach for the display server component. We require every component of the system to be under test to ensure its correct functionality and to provide us with a test harness that allows us to evolve the system efficiently and safely.
Why Not Wayland / Weston?
An obvious clarification first: Wayland is a protocol definition that defines how a client application should talk to a compositor component. It touches areas like surface creation/destruction, graphics buffer allocation/management, input event handling and a rough prototype for the integration of shell components. However, our evaluation of the protocol definition revealed that the Wayland protocol does not meet our requirements. First, we are aiming for a more extensible input event handling that takes future developments like 3D input devices (e.g. Leap Motion) into account. Please note though that Wayland's input event handling does not suffer from the security issues introduced by X's input event handling semantics (thanks to Daniel Stone and Kristian Høgsberg for pointing this out). With respect to mobile use-cases, we think that the handling of input methods should be reflected in the display server protocol, too. As another example, we consider the shell integration parts of the protocol as privileged and we'd rather avoid having any sort of shell behavior defined in the client facing protocol.
However, we still think that Wayland's attempt at standardizing the communication between clients and the display server component is very sensible and useful, but due to our different requirements we decided to go for the following architecture w.r.t. to protocol-integration:
- A protocol-agnostic inner core that is extremely well-defined, well-tested and portable.
- An outer-shell together with a frontend-firewall that allow us to port our display server to arbitrary graphics stacks and bind it to multiple protocols.
In summary, we have not chosen Wayland/Weston as our basis for delivering a next-generation user experience as it does not fulfill our requirements completely. More to this, with our protocol- and platform-agnostic approach, we can make sure that we reach our goal of a consistent and beautiful user experience across platforms and device form factors. However, Wayland support could be added either by providing a Wayland-specific frontend implementation for our display server or by providing a client-side implementation of libwayland that ultimately talks to Mir.
Mir/Spec (last edited 2016-03-21 21:14:53 by kgunn72)


text:
MANILA, Philippines - In recognition of the contributions of the country's world-class boxers, the Senate has laid out several bills aimed at protecting the likes of Manny Pacquiao and Nonito Donaire Jr., giving them incentives and ensuring they have something to fall back on once they retire from the sport.
Among the bills being considered now are Senate Bill 3254, which would create a Philippine Boxing Commission (PBC) in order to strengthen the country's standing in boxing and ensure the welfare of Filipino boxers.
The bill was sponsored by committee on games and amusement chairman Sen. Aquilino Pimentel III before the Senate went on its Christmas break.
"Their (boxers) achievements in the ring show that Filipino boxers possess superior physical strength, skills, and talents which, if given the proper support of the State, will ensure these promising boxers top ranks in the world boxing arena," Pimentel said in his sponsorship speech.
"While giving honor and glory to our country, Filipino boxers risk their lives and limbs in this sport. In fact, some have met their untimely death due to the lack, if not absence, of safety and emergency medical services while others face retirement without any kind of financial assistance or access to medical care," he added.
Under the current set-up, boxing is under the supervision of the Games and Amusement Board, which Pimentel said has not given the sport the appropriate regulatory attention that it deserves.
The proposed PBC would be tasked as the policy-making body for the sport and provide the proper directions for the development and safety of boxers, coaches, trainers and the stakeholders.
It would be placed under the Office of the President and would have powers and functions including the establishment of uniform rules and procedures related to boxing; working towards developing world-class professional boxers; providing safety procedures to protect boxers from physical and financial exploitation; and providing for comprehensive health care benefits, life insurance, alternative livelihood program, and other benefits for boxers who have competed and won in international boxing events.
A medical advisory board would also be established to assist and advise the Commission on issues affecting the health and safety of boxers.
"To promote the welfare of our professional boxers and international boxing champions, the proposed legislation seeks to require promoters to provide private insurance coverage for each professional boxing promotion; provide for health care benefits through PhilHealth and death benefits for all professional boxers; and provide for alternative livelihood programs for retired and/or injured international boxing champions, among other benefits enumerated in the legislation," Pimentel said.
Another bill filed by Sen. Miriam Defensor Santiago seeks to prevent deaths and serious injury caused by traumatic brain injury, which mostly affects boxers due to the nature of their sport.
Senate Bill 3340 aims to educate the public, especially student and amateur athletes about the dangers of sports-related brain injuries.
"While sports-related injuries do not always cause death, the leading cause of death from these injuries is traumatic brain injury," Santiago said.
"Boxing is an example of a very popular sport where participants are at risk of suffering from brain damage. Professional and amateur boxers can suffer permanent brain damage over time," she added.
Apart from educating student athletes and their parents about the prevention, symptoms and dangers of sports-related injuries, the bill also provides for general guidelines for all sports activities in order to prevent injury.
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text:
Puppy: Thor
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Member Since: August 6, 2014Add to Friends
Thor is our 8 week old Mastador pup :) He is a lovely dog and once training has been done I'm sure he will be the best family dog ever!! Loves to play with his toys especially his stuffed dog toy. He gets quite excitable, and runs and jumps in the garden :)View Profile


text:
Ryan Braun, Josh Hamilton & MLB: No Truth In The WildPosted in Blogroll on February 28th, 2012 by Ron Glover
Reigning National League MVP Ryan Braun maintained throughout his 50-game suspension for a positive drug test that it would be overturned and he could work on restoring his "good name". No longer suspended based on a technicality, restoring his good name will be more difficult than expected.
Also, the once again recovering Texas Rangers Josh Hamilton sounds off on his possible free agency status and what he owes the Rangers -with Bible in hand of course.


text:
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Kat Williams Videos
Renny Rugah feat. Kat Williams "I Luddah Hate"
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Kat Williams News
Sooners Use Homers To Power Past Cowgirls
In the fourth and w.d. Brittany ' run. Deposited Williams Espinosa Kat ' s pitch over the left field wall to feature 4-0. Schulz was shot Jessica solo v lead 5-0 before koogerls got on the scoreboard in the sixth.
April 2011
Track and field: April 13 scoreboard
Abyei Williams, the Kings grandvals, 4-10; 2-cat Medley, Fort Davis, 4-8; 3-Missy Shat, Irion County County, 4-6; 4-amber akin, Rankin, 4-6; 5. Jimmy Milos, Iran, 4-6, 6-(tie) Mireya Quintana, Van Horn; waolivas Leticia, grandvals Kings, 4-6.
April 2011
Students, community fight sexual violence
"This is not you can get vaccinated or take a pill, but still affects our health," Kat Williams, Associate Professor of American history and Director of women's studies "s. ' from this scourge which is not covered on CNN,
April 2011
High school roundup: EL lacrosse wins in OT
Katie Comerford and Mann Molly was two old Seabrook Lyme also won 6-3 in the old "coastline". Burns scored all three goals by Molly Rams. � ? � Nelson I had four goals and three as Kat Evans dropped Williams Hyde, 17-2.
April 2011
WNCAP needs volunteers for Dining Out for Life in Asheville area
Highlights this year will be "appreciation" in a "complex" Orchard House to help celebrate this day with three levels of entertainment, titled Asheville singer Kat Williams. Visit www.wncap.org/dofl for a list of participating.
March 2011


text: Hi, On 22/09/13 at 12:46 +0200, Daniel Pocock wrote: > - I've started creating wishlist bugs in my packages, these provide > useful coding tasks for people, especially students. They are > particularly useful for GSoC applicants, because they need to > demonstrate their coding skills during the selection process. Even > maintainers who have no time to interact with GSoC or anything could > still create such bugs and tag them in some way to provide entry points > for people to start contributing. Did you tag them 'gift'? https://wiki.debian.org/qa.debian.org/GiftTag Tagging them 'gift' makes them get listed in how-can-i-help. > - the github fork and "pull request" phenomenon. It is tremendously > easy for people to contribute what they want. There has been some talk > about getting something like Gerrit into Alioth, that may help us in > that direction. Alternatively, maybe we should review the current process for one-shot patches. Assuming that someone wants to fix a typo in a package and submit it as a patch, the current simpler process is (TTBOMK): 1. 'debcheckout packagename' (but this fails when the package is not maintained in a VCS. maybe it should fallback to using 'apt-get source'?) 2. Build a source package, so that we can run nmudiff later: 'dpkg-buildpackage -us -uc -S' or 'git-buildpackage -us -uc -S' (depending on the Vcs used.) 3. 'cd packagename' 4. make the change (which might involve adding a patch with dpkg-source --commit, depending on the source format version used) 5. dch --nmu; enter comment 6. build package (and test, obviously) 7. nmudiff There are lots of variations depending on whether the package is maintained in a VCS or not, on the source format version used, etc. Steps 1 and 2 could clearly be improved: - debcheckout could automatically build the source package - debcheckout could use gbp-clone instead of git clone, so that the local pristine-tar branch would be set up to track the remote pristine-tar branch. (a warning is displayed by git-buildpackage, though apparently a correct source tarball is generated, so maybe the warning is harmless and should not be displayed?) Additionally, the fact that one needs to think about the source format version used in step (4) makes things quite inconvenient (though I don't see how this could be fixed). Using nmudiff in step (7) is also a bit cumbersome if someone just wants to submit a patch. Lucas


text:
I find the Coba lobby to always be lively. Tulum, on certain nights, will have a DJ outside which is fun. But in my experience, Coba always has something. Plus they have the wine bar which always has live music at night.
At the moment there's 16 of us going as it's quite a journey getting there but it'll be nice having the holiday with them all before the wedding!
Coba and tulum have good music but we mostly kept to the main bar in Akumal, last time they did some greats shows and dances on stage then music afterwards, our children loved the entertainment before the shows so they were worn out before the music. The hacienda was nice also.
Thanks ladies!!


text: On 02/04/2011 01:34 AM, Grant Likely wrote:> Hi Thomas, comments below, but looking pretty close.Thanks a lot.>> +config SPI_ALTERA>> + tristate "Altera SPI Controller">> + select SPI_BITBANG>> Will this compile on all architectures? Will it break allyesconfig> on anything other than nios?Yes, it compile on other architectures. I will add 'default n' though.There are soft-core arm, mips and coldfire running on altera fpga. Others might use fpga as peripheral extender, too. So we shouldn't limit it to nios2.>> +static int __init altera_spi_init(void)>> +{>> + return platform_driver_probe(&altera_spidrv, altera_spi_probe);>> platform_driver_register() please, and put the altera_spi_probe()> routine into the driver structure.I will change it to register as you suggested.- Thomas


text:
If you are not manifesting enough money in your life, you may have certain subconscious blocks that are acting counter to your intention of manifesting money more quickly. There are many effective techniques that will help you clear these blocks and attract more money to you. Here are some of the most effective techniques to use when manifesting money more quickly.
Creative visualization is one of the most effective techniques of manifesting money fast. Find a quiet place where you will not be disturbed for at least 10-15 minutes. Silence your mobile and anything else that might distract you. Now, sit in a comfortable position and close your eyes. Relax the mind and body. In fact, when you are able to relax one, the other will immediately follow. Watching your breath is an effective meditation technique in this regard. Once your mind and body are relaxed and at ease, you need to begin your visualization session.
Close your eyes and visualize the happiest version of yourself. See all the wealth that is surrounding you. Make sure you add in all of your senses when doing this visualization exercise. The more senses you add to the exercise, the sooner you will begin to see results. In fact, creative visualization is considered one of the most powerful methods of manifesting money quickly. A product such as Manifestation Miracle Reviews will help you with this. See all the abundance that you require such as your dream house, car, the amount of money in the bank, and good health prospects when doing this visualizing technique. The best time to do this exercise is before you go to bed at night and as soon as you wake up in the morning.
Manifesting money is easy when you don't have any resistance to money in your subconscious mind. You have to examine your beliefs around money to know if you have any subconscious blocks to receiving enough money in your life. One of the best ways to do this is to maintain a journal Write down your beliefs around money. Most of us form these negative beliefs from our childhood. Once you put your beliefs on paper, it is easier to identify if the belief serves you or not. Couple this technique with creative visualization techniques to manifest money quickly in your life.
In conclusion, manifesting money in your life is not difficult when you know how to do it. Creative visualization is one of the most effective techniques in this regard.


text:
French fries are a near perfect food. It's hard to improve upon perfect, but when we're talking sweet potato fries, the old classic may have found its rival. They're a little sweet plus they offer plenty of vitamin A and beta carotene—something a French fry doesn't. But none of that matters if they're swimming in fat and calories—which is an unfortunate reality for most things fried. At a restaurant, a small order of deep-fried sweet potato fries can set you back 260 calories and 13 grams of fat.
Luckily, making your own crispy sweet potato fries is easy to do in your oven, so you don't need a deep fryer. You'll save 122 calories and 11 grams of fat per serving when you "fry" them in your oven instead. Here are a few tips for making perfect crispy(!) sweet potato fries without burning:
—Hilary Meyer, Associate Food Editor
Whether you cut your fries into sticks or wedges, the pieces need to be the same size. This ensures that the fries cook at the same rate. Remember: you're cooking at 450 degrees F—that's high heat. If you cut the pieces too big, they'll be overdone on the outside and underdone on the inside. If you're going for the classic "fry" shape, 1/4-inch-thick matchstick slices work. A medium sweet potato cut lengthwise into 8 wedges works well too.
To successfully oven-fry, you still need to use oil—just not as much as you'd need to fill a deep fryer. About 2 teaspoons of canola oil should be enough to coat one medium sweet potato cut into fries or wedges. Toss your oil and sweet potato pieces in a large bowl. Use your hands to mix them together to distribute the oil more effectively. This is also a good time to add seasoning, since the oil will help it stick evenly to the food. And while you're at it, a little oil or cooking spray on your baking sheet is a good idea to prevent the fries from sticking. Cooking spray will give you the best coverage using the least amount oil.
Salt is a must for seasoning fries (don't go overboard—about 1/4 teaspoon is enough for one medium sweet potato), but you don't have to stop there! Paprika is a nice mild spice to add to sweet potatoes—and it looks pretty too. Garlic powder makes them extra savory, and if you like a little kick, chili powder is a great addition. Just make sure that whatever spice you add doesn't contain added salt. If it does, adjust the amount of salt accordingly.
The secret to crispy instead of soggy sweet potato fries is to spread them out in an even layer with enough room so that they don't touch. This is especially important if you're making a big batch of fries. Instead of just piling more onto one baking pan, spread them out over two baking pans or cook them in batches. If they're all crammed onto one pan, they'll steam instead of bake and you'll end up with soggy fries.
We tend to cook most things on the middle oven rack, but sweet potato fries cook best above the middle position, farther away from the heat source. Since sweet potatoes are, well, sweet, the sugars tend to "caramelize," or brown, more quickly than a regular potato's. A little caramelization is a good thing—but too much and you'll get burning instead. Moving sweet potato fries farther up in the oven slows the caramelization process. If you're making two baking sheets' worth at once, position one oven rack in the middle and one above. Be sure to switch positions during baking and also to stir all the fries at least once so they cook evenly.
Oven Sweet Potato Fries
Making oven fries out of sweet potatoes brings out their inherent sweetness.
Get the Recipe: Oven Sweet Potato Fries


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Android apps
Carbon for Twitter can now be downloaded through the Play Store
February 3, 2013 | by Natesh Sood
Android apps, Social
If the current Twitter client isn't exactly meeting your needs and expectations, then you may want to look into Carbon for Twitter. This Android app was announced with much hype as it was heralded to be a tremendous third party Twitter app designed around aesthetics and user experience. As of today, the Carbon for Twitter app is finally available for download through the Google Play Store.
There are a couple of caveats associated with the recently published Android app. For instance, there is no support for Android tablets at this time, but I imagine the developer is currently working on a fix. Secondly, it requires Android 4.0 and higher, so the sizable population of Gingerbread users are left in the dark.
Dots & lines (the developer of Carbon for Twitter) mentions there may be bugs with the build, but they are quickly working to solve any lingering issues. For now, feel free to download and install the app and let us know your thoughts. I will likely install the app on my Nexus 4 and see how it runs.


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We are very excited to announce that Gourmantic was nominated for Best Australian Blogs 2011 Competition, an initiative of the Sydney Writers' Centre. There are four categories to the competition and we've entered the Lifestyle/Personal category.
Blogs are assessed on 70% writing, 20% appearance and 10% engagement. Finalists will be announced on Thursday 21 April 2011, with the winners announced on Friday 6 May 2011.
Sydney Writers' Centre
This article is posted on Gourmantic.com - All rights reserved - Copyright © 2018.


text:
We're one of five families listed on ABC News yesterday. Check out the full slideshow "The Duggars and Four Other Supersize Families."
Something strikes me about the pictures. They're all poses. Including ours. So much of the joy of large family living is taken out. Morning breakfast, afternoon activities, evening chores — there's so much life going on that it is difficult to imagine. The playful life of a large family is lost in the poses.
Perhaps this is what fascinates people about families of unusual numbers. We can't begin to express to you how awesome it is. Check out the following clip from The View.
If you cannot view the video above, view it in a new browser window here.
What do you think of The View's opinions?


text:
Test My Internet Speed @Megapathcom
We offer the same high quality products as Megapath for the same price or better. We just do things a little differently… a little better.
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text:
Uloop Campus Editor
Uloop - Santa Barbara, CA 93106
About the Campus Editor Position:
Our Campus Editor position is both challenging and rewarding. As one of the few paid editorial positions available to college students, joining the Uloop team can help you fill your resume and pay your bills. Applicants should have at least one year of experience writing, and will be expected to submit a portfolio of work. You must also have great people skills and possess the ability to clearly communicate and teach other writers.
Recruiting and training writers on your local campus.
Contributing your own articles and assigning others to your local staff.
Approving posts from students at your university to ensure that top-quality content reaches our readers.
Following local and regional news and making sure that important stories are covered at your college.
In depth training in both the technology and techniques used by professional online editors.
Valuable experience as an editor that may even be eligible for college credit.
Performance-based payment that grows as your campus staff does.
To apply, go to: http://www.uloop.com/join-news.php
Click Here to Apply
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text:
Europe › Hungary › Heviz › Heviz Hotels
Check Heviz Hotel Deals
Jókai Apartmanház Heviz Reviews
75 reviews
Small studio apartment close to the thermal lake and the town center Aug 06, 2015
This was a great studio apartment about 10 Minutes from the thermal lake and the town center. It was very clean although maybe not the most modern but I liked it nonetheless. There is also a small kitchenette with a stove with two plates, a toaster, a kettle and a coffee maker and of course a fridge. Pots and pans, cutlery as well as a small sponge, brush, tea towel and dish cloth are also provided. The bathroom was also reasonable sized with towels, a hair dryer and a mop. On the balcony there was also a clothes rack, which was useful for drying towels and bathing suits. There was also one of those swim noodles. I took it with me to the lake since it helps you just float around and relax instead of having to swim all the time. There was also a little present of Ferrero Raffaelo and a bottle of white wine, which I thought was so nice of them. Apparently, everyone gets these. :)
The owners seem to be a husband and wife, which are super nice and kind. If I understood it right the husband speaks Hungarian and Russian and his wife also speaks some English. Another person, that I didn't meet also speaks German. So, while talking to the wife when we hit a moment where we didn't understand each other anymore, she put her son on the phone and he translated for us. In the end we worked it all out.
They also let me leave my luggage at the apartment during the day since no one had booked it for that day. Yay! I would definitely recommend the Jókai Apartmanház and stay here again.
2 / 2 TravBuddies found this review helpful/trustworthy
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text:
Editor's Picks(1-4 of 12)
Thanksgiving Movies Options
ThanksKilling. Well, isn't it appropriate? I mean it is Thanksgiving not Thankskilling. Yeah, I know, but I think it will be fun to have something different. This is only a choice and you can totally ignore me. While on their way home for Thanksgiving break, five college kids run afoul of a homicidal turkey that wants them dead. As the cursed bird hunts them down one by one, the survivors scramble to find a way to defeat the possessed creature. God, this movie is stupid, why am I introducing it here.
Sur la piste du Marsupilami. This movie has nothing to do with Thanksgiving, but it's interesting, humorous and fun, moreover, it tells us different love. Ok, I just want to make up my mistake of introducing you the first movie. Sur la piste du Marsupilami is a French comedy. Yes, it's a comedy, so I can guarantee you that you will laugh from the beginning to the end. And if you delete this movie or others by accident, you can click here to recover the video.
Now let's talk about gratitude in this movie. 1. Pablito is not rich, but he adopted many kids and he loves animal, to save the parrot and feed the kids, he would do everything. 2. To save and protect Marsupilami (an imagined creature), nature even the earth, Pablito fights with bad guys together with Dan Geraldo (a journalist). 3. There is a general in the movie, and oh man, he loves Celine Dion crazily. So what have you learned about gratitude from this movie? Let's see, to father, to journalist who risks life to bring us precious news, to the nature and the earth and to the love.
The last one: The Blind Side. Maybe you already purchased this movie in iTunes, well then, you may want to know the way to recover data from iTunes on Mac. Be sure you have prepared enough tissues before watching this movie. The film is based on the work of Michael Lewis. It tells the extraordinary experience of Michael Oher who is the draft pick of NFL in 2009. Michael Auch. He was an orphan before engaged in sport career. Because of street gangs and the influence of drugster mother, he became autistic. But he felt the warmth of kinship in the adoptive family and he finally got the approval of school and other people through his own efforts. Finally, he won the scholarship of University of Mississippi and began his career in NFL after graduation.
Which one would be your choice, the horror movie, the comedy or the touching one?


text:
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February 25th, 2013
SEO company 3 Dogs Marketing provides ongoing monthly SEO & Social Media Marketing Services to Not Just Jugs, an online retailer of the finest quality glassware, bakeware, and tableware for your home.


text:
Archive for January 5th, 2011
Ron and Rand Paul on Good Morning America
Ron and Rand Paul on Good Morning America this morning
Ron and Rand on Anderson Cooper 360.
Obama to face stiff opposition
Israeli PM asks US to pardon spy
Israeli PM asks US to pardon spy
US to review Israeli spy release case
Trade Morechai Vanunu for Jonathan Pollard (by Doug Bandow)
Thirty-Nine Congressmen Can't Be Wrong (by Philip Giraldi)
"A number of officials strongly suspect that the Israelis repackaged much of Pollard's material and provided it to the Soviet Uni…on in exchange for continued Soviet permission for Jews to emigrate to Israel. Other officials go further, and… say there was reason to believe that secret information was exchanged for Jews working in highly sensitive positions in the Soviet Union. A significant percentage of Pollard's documents, including some that described the techniques the American Navy used to track Soviet submarines around the world, was of practical importance only to the Soviet Union… Tells about Pollard's sale of a highly-classified ten-volume signal intelligence "bible"… A senior intelligence official whose agency was involved in preparing the report for the White House told me, somewhat facetiously, that he would drop all objections to Pollard's immediate release if the Israeli government would answer two questions: "First, give us a list of what you've got, and, second, tell us what you did with it."…
Read more http://www.newyorker.com/archive/1999/01/18/1999_01_18_026_TNY_LIBRY_000017310#ixzz1AAchim5O
GOP congressional leaders are acting a lot like their predecessors
GOP congressional leaders are acting a lot like their predecessors
First Eric Cantor's Pledge of Allegiance


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Julian Assange will be walking for Ben Westwood at London Fashion Week
The Wikileaks founder, whistleblower, and now fugitive will model Ben Westwood's collection from the Ecuadorean Embassy
Dame Vivienne Westwood's son, Ben Westwood, will be showing his London Fashion Week collection in a way most unexpected: the wanted Wikileaks founder Julian Assange fronting the runway all the way from the Ecuadorean Embassy. Try topping that.
Julian, editor-in-chief of the whistleblowing website, has been under investigation by the United States government for leaking US military and diplomatic documents on the website. After facing accusations for sexual offences from Sweden on top of extradition requests, he had applied for political asylum from Ecuador, which was granted in 2012.
The Australian journalist won't have to leave the Ecuadorean Embassy to walk the runway, since Ben Westwood will be bringing the runway to him in September. "I want to highlight Julian Assange's plight. What happened to him is totally unfair," Ben said.
The designer's clothes are reportedly based on Clint Eastwood's costumes in his spaghetti western films, and Julian is to walk with six other models to music from The Good, The Bad and the Ugly. Julian's lawyer Amal Alamuddin and her fiancée George Clooney have been invited to the show.
Ben's mother Vivienne has always been a supporter of Julian, having herself worn an "I am Julian Assange" T-shirt to close her Red Label AW13 runway show in early 2013.


text: I am doing a 7th grade science project. The question is what is the effect of aspirin in the water of cut flowers. I thought it was supposed to extend their life but they turned brown at the stem and became limp. Is there any truth to the benefit of aspirin?


text: On Wed, 16 Dec 1998 firstname.lastname@example.com wrote: : One can't choose Mach VM instead of UVM by editing kernel : config file and must edit "std.$MACHINE" file. : I need Mach VM in order to use commercial binary-only driver. : Please, move UVM and PMAP_NEW options back to config files : that are meant to be edited by users. Thanks. It is anticipated that Mach VM *will not exist* in any form in 1.4. That's the reason it is no longer an option on many/most ports. -- -- Todd Vierling (Personal email@example.com; Bus. firstname.lastname@example.com)


text:
Need to buy parts for this project?
Click here to order!
The instrument cluster on your car is the primary method for transmitting the information on the performance and health of the vehicle. Not only does the instrument cluster tell you how fast you are going, it also monitors the vital systems on the vehicle and reports any trouble. Most modern gauge clusters are now mostly digital and take the signal from the sensors and transmit them into trouble lights (or commonly referred to idiot lights in the cluster). When instruments were analog and directly connected to the system by a cable or other means you could see when problems would start to arise in the vehicle. Now when something malfunctions, you only know about if from a check engine or other light; this is one reason why you need to have a proper functioning instrument cluster or gauge pod.
If you need to replace any of the bulbs, removing the instrument cluster on your Porsche 944 or 951 is not a difficult job. Just be careful to mark the wiring connections on the back so as not to mix them up during installation.
Begin by disconnecting the ground cable from the post on the battery. This is also a good time to check the condition of the terminal and wiring, as our cable is starting to get a little corrosion (red arrow).
You will need to remove the steering wheel to remove the instrument cluster. Please see our article on steering wheel removal for additional information.
Use a stubby Philips head screwdriver and remove the five screws holding the instrument cluster surround in place (red arrows).
Use a longer handled Philips head screwdriver and remove the three screws that you access through the vents (red arrows).
Carefully remove the surround so you do not crack it. This is especially important if you have a dash cover, which our project car did.
With the surround removed you use a Philips head screwdriver and remove the four screws holding the cluster in place (red arrow).
Carefully wiggle the cluster out from the dash. You will have to pull one end out to remove the wiring connection. Our cluster had three connections. The connections are held in place by locking tabs. Push the tabs out and the connections will separate (red arrows).
With one side removed you can get easier access to the other connections. Make sure to label the connectors so you will not mix them up.
You do not need to completely remove the cluster to replace the bulbs (red arrow), but if you got this far it is easier to just completely remove the cluster. Installation is the reverse of removal.
Need to buy parts for this project?
Click here to order!