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How one W-2 employee used the IRS to stash cash – thereby reducing his alimony payments and marital assets.
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Filing as Head of Household ("HOH") can save up to $8,000 per year over filing as Single. Therefore, it is critical to evaluate the post-divorce tax filing status for each party when negotiating a settlement. This requires thought and agreement beyond determining who will claim a child as a dependent.
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Domestic Partnership ("DP") and Civil Union ("CU") Acts have opened the door to various benefits for same-sex couples in New Jersey. Along with the benefits come issues and unanswered financial questions that family law practitioners and financial advisers must consider should the relationship end.


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Hi Kool Di, thanks for your commentary.
Agree with you that the fall in TRP is basically because the savita - manav issue has really been stretched and dragged to no ends, that it has gone out of the hands. Cutting relationship with a mother was actually the reason for it.
Feel bad for both the characters. Both are at fault to some extent . Manav is a nice human being, but after his second marriage, he failed to maintain the uniqueness in the mother son relationship by comparing her to his wife. His biggest blunder was telling his mother that he asked her to inaugurate the shop on the behest of Archana and then in the fit of anger saying I don't deserve to be your son. Today Savita Aai is craving for her son's unconditional love as she feels he does not love her and whatever he is doing is only because his wife told him to do. And so she is out to prove to world and to her son that she can do without him but actually dying every minute from inside by doing it and hence putting conditions to forgive him. Di or anyone what should be the immediate solution for improving this mother son relationship now? I am sort of lost here.... what will they do now.
Di , people like Manav do exist with pea sized brains, they sometimes think that if credit goes to wife instead of him, then that it will improve the MIL- DIL relationship. Like to share a recent incident , yesterday was MIL's b'day. Hubby wanted to give her money so that she buy's what she want, entirely his idea. I had prepared a dish for her. He tells me you just write your name on the envelope, mom will be happy, I told him she will be more than happy to read your name.
The marraige has become kinda STALE . If Manav sinks anymore in viewers eyes , even ROMANCE will not kindle TRPS . Whats needed is they shifting back to Deshmukh house and Archana becoming PREGNANT . Totally agree with this
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Kools commentary : Aug 24 PR
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|26 August 2010 at 12:11am by Tulsey
Kools Busy kya
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|11 August 2010 at 1:34pm by pallai
Kools aaj ka??
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|20 July 2010 at 10:27pm by koolsadhu1000
Kools's Commentary : Vaishu's Wedding Part 2
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kools commentary
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Street Fighter II' Hyper Fighting
Platform: Arcade
Genre: Fighting Action
Developer: Capcom
Staff Reviews
Street Fighter II' Hyper Fighting reviewReviewed December 17, 2003
Marc Golding says: "Pick Ryu. Try to duck and use rapid short kicks to set up a throw and find the blue beast, Blanka, eating your face a la Hannibal (only our mutant might not know to have a Chianti at the ready). Worse yet, the Japanese fireballer might find himself being slapped about by an obese countryman named Honda, fresh out of the bath complete with sagging towel and hairpins. The move is called the 100-hand slap, though Im sure a dizzied, vulnerable Ryu would not have had a chance to count them all. "
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Mall may see big changes
WORTHINGTON — It appears new life may be coming to the long-dormant Northland Mall site.
The Worthington City Council agreed during its Monday meeting to enter into negotiations with PBK Investments LLC, a firm out of Minnetonka, on a TIF development agreement with the city to become the new developer of the mall. Phased construction on the current mall site will include a large mix of developments including potential restaurant and retail space, commercial space, multi-family housing and related parking facilities.
In order to enter in the TIF development agreement, PBK Investments is required to put forth $9 million toward mall improvements. The city has been working with PBK to finalize the deal for the past nine months.
Brian Pellowski, owner of PBK Investments, was in attendance Monday and shared his vision for what he hopes the Northland Mall will become.
"Our vision is that we would completely scrape the existing center," Pellowski explained. "In the front part of Oxford Street would be the general retail with smaller outbuildings for smaller tenants. There would be some medium-boxed industries, such as Michael's Crafts and possibly a pet store, and then the movie theater would be on the other side where Kmart currently is."
Pellowski added that there would be room to possibly add a Kwik Trip or a SuperAmerica convenience store.
The goal is to move the retail space closer to Oxford Street and create a more open-space mall rather than an enclosed mall, Pellowski said. The second half of the vision is to create apartments and other additional housing in the back part of the mall location, he stated.
While a concern about addressing local consumer needs when bringing new retailers into the mall was brought up, there will be plenty of opportunities for the public to weigh in.
"Public hearings will be a part of this process, and people can weigh in in that fashion," Worthington City Administrator Craig Clark said.
Pellowski also addressed the need for keeping Northland Cinema 5 in the community, noting that "saving the movie theater is paramount."
"I've been in talks with the owners of the movie theater and they want to continue to be in the community and to be able to put up a new movie theater," he said.
Todd Farger and David Fetters, the owners of Northland Cinema, were in attendance at Monday's meeting, and stated that they appreciate the community's support and are hopeful for the future.
"We're excited about the potential of a new location," Fetters said. "We just need to get through this one- to two-year process, but we're getting excited about it."
The new developer has agreed and shall be responsible to pay all of its respective costs for the acquisition and redevelopment of the project. The city, in order to encourage the developer to proceed with construction and redevelopment of the project, would be willing to pay certain public development costs to be incurred by the developer to construct the mall project.
The city also agreed that it will issue general obligation bonds or provide limited obligation pay-as-you-go TIF repayments, subject to acceptable market conditions, in the amount necessary to pay for such public development costs. The amount will be determined at the time of the execution of the development agreement.
According to Clark, the bonds are based on eligible redevelopment costs of the developer. This would include the costs of property acquisition, demolition and site preparation, among others. The $9 million figure is based off an estimate of eligible expenses, and at this point is a minimum. Should PBK Investments add more value — and as eligible expenses remain — the city could increase its participation.
Services to proceed with the demolition of the former Kmart building were also approved during the city council meeting.
On June 26, the Nobles County District Court issued an order giving the city of Worthington the authority to proceed with the demolition of the structure, provided the ownership, Northland Mall Realty LLC, failed to do so itself or file a financial bond of $379,764 with the court by July 11. Ownership failed to do either by the court-issued deadline.
With the clear authority to proceed, the next step is to engage professional services to complete environmental assessments, completion of a hazardous building materials survey, preparation of demo specs and project inspection/oversight.
Quotes from Wenzel Engineering, the firm who completed the structural assessment, and Peer Engineering, a firm that provided the city similar services for the Gateway gas demolition as well as environmental services for the Center for Active living and fire hall projects, were received.
Wenzel's quote was $40,370 while Peer's was $19,795. Recognizing the large difference in the prices quoted, details that may have led to some level of price discrepancy were examined.
One difference between the quotes is related to the level of detail of the preparation of the specifications related to the common wall between the former Kmart facility and the remainder of the mall. Wenzel's proposal includes the preparation of specific instructions for the demolition of that space, while Peer's quote indicates its specifications would include language that the demolition contractor would be required to retain the services of a licensed engineer to conduct a third-party structural inspection of the building to ensure the common wall is not adversely affected.
While both approaches are acceptable, the cost for this service gets shifted from the professional services phase to the demolition phase of this project under Peer's proposal.
City council member Diane Graber brought up the concern that while Peer Engineering is the less expensive option on paper, there could be additional costs during the demolition part of the plan that are included in the Wenzel Engineering quote, but not in Peer Engineering's.
"As staff we believe that there is not $20,000 of unforeseen expenditures with Peer Engineering," said Director of Community and Economic Development Bradley Chapulis.
City council member Scott Nelson was in favor of holding off on the demolition pending the outcome of the possible new mall developer. Nelson argued that the city could possibly save money if the new developer was to demolish the building itself.
"What council agreed to tonight was the right to negotiate," Chapulis explained. "There's a lot of legwork that needs to be done by PBK that isn't necessarily guaranteed, but at the same time we do have a regulatory obligation to protect the health and safety of the public."
After reviewing both proposals, the city council approved the contract for Peer Engineering by a 3-1 vote. Nelson voted against the motion, stating that he is not against the demolition but that it could be delayed. Mayor Alan Oberloh and council member Mike Kuhle were both not in attendance.
Daily Globe Reporter Erin Trester may be reached at 376-7322.


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Pianist finds 2 daughters dead, wife faces mental exam
Published 1:51 pm, Friday, March 18, 2016
DALLAS — An internationally renowned concert pianist arrived at his estranged wife's home in Texas to pick up their two daughters and found the girls slain in their beds, police said Friday. Authorities say their Russian mother, who had suffered knife wounds, faces a mental health exam.
Vadym Kholodenko stopped Thursday morning at the suburban Fort Worth home where he formerly lived to pick up Nika, 5, and 1-year-old Michela, Benbrook police Cmdr. David Babcock said. The Ukrainian-born musician found his wife, Sofya Tsygankova, in an "extreme state of distress" and discovered the dead girls. The pianist then called 911, police said.
Kholodenko, who won the prestigious Van Cliburn International Piano Competition in Fort Worth in 2013, is not a suspect and is cooperating with police, Babcock said. Police said no suspects were being sought in the deaths of the girls or the stabbing of Tsygankova, who was recovering Friday at a Fort Worth hospital.
Babcock, when asked, declined to say whether police believe the stab wounds were self-inflicted. Tsygankova was being held on a mental health evaluation, Babcock said. Asked if she was a suspect in the girls' deaths, he declined to say.
"We are still looking at all avenues," he said, but added that authorities don't believe there's any immediate risk to others in the area.
Autopsy results were pending on the children, who had no visible trauma, police said. Tsygankova's wounds were from a knife, said Babcock. He declined to say whether a knife was recovered at the home.
Kholodenko and his family moved to Fort Worth in 2014 after he won the $50,000-prize Cliburn competition, which resulted in Kholodenko touring and playing with major orchestras.
"The Cliburn family is mourning the loss of the precious Kholodenko girls. We are heartbroken and offer our prayers to Vadym and all affected by this overwhelming tragedy," said Maggie Estes, a spokeswoman for the Cliburn competition.
Hospital officials declined on Friday to release a condition on Tsygankova, who was born in Russia.
The couple had married in 2010 and filed for divorce in November, according to Tarrant County court records. Babcock said police had responded twice in 2014 to disturbance calls at the suburban Fort Worth residence but would not disclose details on the nature of the visits. Kholodenko routinely picked up the children from the home in the mornings, Babcock said.
Kholodenko and his wife told the Fort Worth Star-Telegram in 2014 that the decision to move from Moscow to the U.S. was a combination of spontaneity and medical problems with Nika's skin.
"Nobody could help us with this problem, and we had a very hard time with her," Tsygankova told the newspaper. "We wanted to be together, with Vadym, to be a family, and for us, maybe it was the only choice for us to come here."
She told the newspaper she hoped to improve her English so she could teach kids in Fort Worth.
The Van Cliburn International Piano Competition is named for the celebrated classical pianist and held every four years in Fort Worth. Cliburn died in 2013. Pianists audition around the world for the Cliburn competition, and finalists are picked to perform in Fort Worth. Kholodenko was among 30 finalists from 12 countries in 2013.
Kholodenko had been scheduled to perform this weekend with the Fort Worth Symphony Orchestra. Another soloist, Alessio Bax, was replacing him, the orchestra said.


text: Tapestry Singers (aka Austin Women's Chorus) is a welcoming, non-auditioned chorus for any woman who wants to sing. We celebrate each other as we joyfully create music that inspires us, our audience and our community. We welcome all singers, regardless of ability or confidence, to join our Monday night rehearsals or just to observe.


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Freud announced his discovery of the Seduction Theory in a lecture to the Society for Psychiatry and Neurology of Vienna in April 1896; he rejected the theory in September 1897. Although his abandonment of the theory has been the subject of numerous interpretations (Balmary, 1979; Eissler, 1993; Garcia, 1989; Jones, 1953; Krull, 1979/1986 trans.; Kupfersmid, 1993; LaPlanche and Pontalis, 1967/1973 trans.; Lerman, 1986; Masson, 1984; McGrath, 1986; Miller, 1984; Robinson, 1993; Rush, 1980; Sulloway, 1979), his announcement of the theory has not received similar attention.
The fact that Freud's announcement of the Seduction Theory has been given little scrutiny likely reflects the fact that Freud's published writings were the source of the traditional account and the reason for its announcement appeared self-evident. In the 1896 lecture, Freud claimed that hysteria resulted from childhood seduction and that the discovery was "a momentous scientific breakthrough, 'the discovery of a source of the Nile' in neuropathology" (1896, p. 203). In his history of psychoanalysis, Freud said he abandoned his early belief in the theory when he discovered it was a "mistaken idea . . . which might have been almost fatal to the young science" (1914, p. 17), "an error . . . which might well have had fatal consequences for the whole of my work" (1925, p. 33). Given a long absence of data which differed from these accounts, it is not surprising that when interpreting Freud's abandonment of the theory, researchers have tended to accept Freud's original belief in its validity and the sufficiency of his evidence. Recently this situation changed. The publication in 1985 of The Complete Letters of Sigmund Freud to Wilhelm Fliess, 1887 - 1904, which includes letters of this critical period, provides opportunity to gain insight into Freud's thinking about the Seduction Theory at the time he announced it.
In this paper, I examine the text of "The Aetiology of Hysteria" in light of letters Freud wrote to Fliess in the weeks before and after the lecture and conclude that these materials show that Freud doubted the Seduction Theory at the very time he presented it as a momentous scientific discovery. Freud's doubts about his theory at the time he announced it in April 1896 provide a new perspective on which to judge his abandonment of the theory in 1897.
The audience to whom Freud delivered "The Aetiology of Hysteria," was comprised of the elite of the Vienna medical profession, men whom Freud would recognize as authorities. Richard von Kraft-Ebbing, the head of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Vienna, chaired the meeting. The style and content of Freud's address to this distinguished audience is striking; throughout the lecture, Freud addressed these physicians as doubters of his momentous discovery and presented content which lacked clarity and integration.
At the end of his introduction, Freud cited his finding that, "Whatever case and whatever symptom we take as our point of departure, in the end we infallibly come to the field of sexual experience." He continued: "From previous experience I can foresee that it is precisely against this assertion or against its universal validity that your contradiction, Gentleman, will be directed" (1896b, p. 199).
Freud then stated his thesis: "At the bottom of every case of hysteria there are one or more occurrences of premature sexual experience, occurrences which belong to the earliest years of childhood but which can be reproduced through the work of psychoanalysis in spite of the intervening decades" (p. 203). He expressed complete confidence in the fundamental nature and importance of his findings for he declared: "I believe that this is an important finding, the discovery of a caput Nili [Source of the Nile] in neuropathology." Then, after commenting that he hardly knew "what to take as a starting-point," he asked: "Shall I put before you the actual material I have obtained from my analyses? Or shall I rather try first to meet the masses of objections and doubts which, as I am surely correct in supposing, have now taken possession of your attention?" Freud continued: "I shall choose the latter course; perhaps we shall then be able to go over the facts more calmly" (p. 203).
Freud devoted the entire second section of the paper to answering assumed objections and doubts of the audience. For example, he stated that patients' reproductions of the past referred to actual events, and were not products of the patients' imagination nor the result of patients' compliance with suggestion; he claimed that children were exposed to sexual aggression far more frequently than is commonly believed. In concluding his lecture, Freud again addressed the audience as a group who doubted his findings. He said he was prepared to meet with contradiction and disbelief, and asked that the audience not regard his conclusions as the fruit of idle speculation because they were based on "laborious individual examination of patients" (p. 220).
Though some readers might dismiss Freud's manner of address to the audience as rhetorical style, it was a style which permitted him to use the audience of physicians as Others who doubt and object to the truth he claimed to have discovered.
Freud's addressing the audience as doubters of his discoveries is especially striking in light of evidence that throughout the weeks prior to the talk, Freud himself had doubts about his work. On New Year's Day 1896, he had written to Fliess that "A gentle voice has counseled me to postpone the account of hysteria since there are still to many uncertainties in it" (p. 159). In a paper submitted for publication on February 5, Freud explained that two years of observations had enabled him to give his theory of defense a clinical foundation, but cautiously noted it was not yet possible "to bring forward the evidence needful to support my assertions," although he hoped to do it later (Freud, 1896a, p. 162).
In March, Freud continued to mention uncertainties in his work and the need for time to complete it. On March 16, he wrote Fliess that he was "not getting anywhere in my understanding of the common neuroses." However, he appeared to accept the situation, noting that he "did not need to retract anything," and that he would "set out to do the work and pull things together." He reported he had "probably neither a million, nor yet a kreuzer - but a lump of ore containing unknown quantities of precious metal" (Freud, 1985, pp. 178-179).
In early April, just three weeks before his lecture, Freud appeared to feel that, even though he was making progress, completion of his work would take much more time. He wrote Fleiss that "If both of us are still granted a few more years for quiet work, we shall certainly leave behind something that can justify our existence. Knowing this, I feel strong in the face of daily cares and worries" (p. 180).
In addition to revealing the incomplete state of his work, letters written during April, May and June, 1896 reveal that the period in which Freud presented and published "The Aetiology of Hysteria" coincided with a time during which Freud was beginning to re-interpret material from one key patient, Emma Eckstein, who suffered from hysteria. Eckstein was Freud's patient in the mid-90's, and "served for Freud as a kind of experimental laboratory in which .... he could test out and develop his various hypotheses" Swales (1983, p. 4n+). Eckstein provided material with which Freud developed the Seduction Theory (Masson, 1984, pp. 87-89), the theory of transference (Salyard, 1992) and the theory that actual seduction episodes were fantasies (Schur, 1979, p. 114).
On April 16, just five days before he announced the Seduction Theory, Freud wrote to Fliess that he had "already figured out" Eckstein's story, that his explanation was completely surprising and would give Fliess much pleasure (Masson, 1985, p. 181). Details of the story he said he had figured out appear in letters of late April, May, June and the following January. Max Schur (1979) first published deleted portions of letters of May 1896 and January 1897 and drew attention to the fact that in these letters Freud's use of the word "scene" shifts from a real episode to its having connotations of fantasy connected to wish fulfillment. In his letter of May 4, 1896, Freud said, "[Emma] described a scene from the age of fifteen, in which she suddenly began to bleed from the nose when she had the wish to be treated by a certain young doctor...." Schur (1979, p. 114) cited this letter as one of three letters which are "very significant." The other letters are dated January 17 and 24, 1897 and continue the theme which first appears in May 1896. On the basis of his analysis of this material, Schur concluded that "Emma was one of the first patients who offered Freud a clue to the crucial realization that what his patients had described to him as actual seduction episodes were fantasies" (p. 114). This shift opened the way for Freud to conclude that what Eckstein and other patients described as actual seductions were fantasies.
The glimpses that we get of Freud's thinking about Eckstein in the 5 letters of spring 1896 and the two of January 1897 are fragmentary, leaving the reader with gaps and unanswered questions. Nevertheless, the letters reveal that at the very time he delivered "The Aetiology of Hysteria," Freud was beginning to re-interpret a key case along lines which gave primacy to fantasy rather than actual traumatic experience.
The foregoing evidence suggests that in mid-April 1896 Freud did not feel completely confidence in the Seduction Theory. Nevertheless, on April 21, he claimed absolute certainty about its universal validity and its great significance to science. However, despite Freud's claim, I believe that he did not provide convincing evidence. Moreover, the material Freud presented contained errors and inconsistencies, and was sometimes ambiguous, confusing and lacking in clarity. Some of the inconsistencies and errors would have been apparent to the audience; some are apparent in light of Freud's later writings. Some examples of these follow.
Example of confusion: Freud devoted approximately 40% of the paper to answering assumed audience objections to his theory. At the same time, he undercut the credibility of his case material with his audience. Early in the lecture, after giving examples of two central concepts, he said that the examples were his inventions and that he even regarded "such solutions of hysterical symptoms as impossible" (Freud, 1896b, p. 196). Then, after giving imaginary examples when the audience believed they were hearing real ones, Freud went on to assure the audience that they should believe the scenes his patients' described to him were real, not imagined.
Freud used inadequate justification for use of invented examples. His claim that real examples were too complicated to describe in the period of the lecture is inconsistent with existing evidence of Freud's ability to succinctly characterize case studies (e.g. Katarina in Studies in Hysteria [1895] and Frau P. in "Further Remarks on the Neuropsychoses of Defense" [1896a]), Example of error: Freud claimed the successful completion of 18 cases, stating that in every one, he had been able to discover the connection with childhood sexual experience "in every single symptom, and, where the circumstances allowed, to confirm it by therapeutic success" (1896b, p. 199). He disclaimed any expectation that additional cases would disprove his theory. But in a letter to Fliess two weeks later he said that none of his old treatments had been completed (Freud, 1985, p. 185) and in another letter he acknowledged "the absence of complete successes on which I had counted" (p. 264).
Example of contradiction: Freud claimed that he had started his investigation with no preconceived ideas about the sexual factor in the aetiology of hysteria (Freud, 1896b, p. 199). He then stated that he regarded "the participation of sexual motive forces as an indispensable premiss" (p. 200). This assertion makes problematic the earlier statement that he had no preconceived ideas.
Example of lack of clarity: Freud made conflicting comments about attention to technique. Early in the lecture, Freud stated that he did not intend to discuss "the difficult technique of this therapeutic procedure." Yet later he stated that "The general doubt about the reliability of the psycho-analytic method can be appraised and removed only when a complete presentation of its technique and results is available" (p. 204). If this was the case, the audience might rightfully withhold believing his findings as they were not provided with a description of the techniques used in acquiring and interpreting the data.
Example of retrospective falsification: Freud's later reports of what he said in 1896 contain errors:
1) When speaking of his lack of preconceived opinions about the sexual factor, he noted that two of his mentors, Charcot and Breuer, were "far from having any such presupposition" (p. 199). Yet in The History of the Psychoanalytic Movement (1914, pp. 13-15), Freud disclosed that two of the three "illustrious" parents of the idea were Charcot and Breuer.
2) The categories of abusers whom Freud listed in 1896 were adults who were strangers; adult caretakers including nursery maids, governesses, tutors and close relatives; and two children of different sexes, one whom had previously been seduced by an adult. Parents, though implicitly included in "close relatives" and "an adult of the female sex" were not mentioned. However, in the 1925 and 1933 accounts of the seduction theory the father was the seducer and other groups were not mentioned.
3) In his 1896 lecture, Freud presented the discovery of Seduction Theory as a highly significant contribution to science; yet in The History of the Psychoanalytic Movement, he stated: "I treated my discoveries as ordinary contributions to science and hoped they would be received in the same spirit" (1914, p. 21).
4) Schimek (1987, pp. 959-960) reviewed the accounts of the Seduction Theory which Freud gave in 1905, 1906, 1914, 1917, 1925, 1933 in light of his 1896 paper and concluded that Freud repudiated versions of the Seduction Theory which had not appeared in print.
Since we do not have access to the original data obtained from his patients, our knowledge of the origins of the Seduction Theory is necessarily inconclusive. Nevertheless, after reviewing the Seduction Theory as Freud presented it in 1896, Schimek (1987) concluded that:
1) The original infantile traumas were not directly reported by patients but were reconstructed by Freud on the basis of his interpretation of a variety of more or less disguised and partial manifestations and "reproduction," with the likelihood of a strong transferential element.
2) Freud did not indicate the form in which the patients presented what he reported as findings, nor did he specify the actual ages involved.
3) Freud did not clearly or consistently distinguish between his various sources of evidence or specify the amount of inference and interpretation involved in reaching conclusions.
4) At best, Freud indicated that childhood seductions do occur.
Although he had not proved his theory, Freud's belief that he had done so is revealed in his April 28, 1896 letter in which he expressed rage at the audience, calling them "asses," who could "go to hell (euphemistically expressed)" for their unresponsive, "icy" reception of his discoveries, and the chairman's labeling the talk "a scientific fairy tale" (Freud, 1985, p. 184). He immediately sent the paper off to Weiner klinische Rundschau for publication. A contemporary reviewer of "The Aetiology of Hysteria" (Hughes, 1896) claimed that Freud was "loose in his logic and faulty in his observations and conclusions" (in Kiell, 1988, pp. 35-36). More recently, Kurt Eissler (1984) commented that Freud "did not have the evidence to support such a fundamental theory."
On the basis of the style and content of The Aetiology of Hysteria," and of the fact that Freud was aware of theoretical uncertainties in the weeks immediately preceding the lecture, I believe that when Freud announced the Seduction Theory on April 21, he disavowed uncertainty about his theory and declared its universal validity. Freud claimed to know what he knew, but it appears he did not. The collapse of the theory is not hard to understand. What needs interpretation is Freud's declaring certainty in the first place. We need to understand what personal psychodynamics would might have contributed to his knowing and not knowing, to the fact that his intellect became the plaything of his emotions.
In my opinion, two factors which contributed significantly to Freud's announcement of the Seduction Theory were his personal psychodynamics which were affected by his experience of maternal seduction between ages two and two and a half (Salyard, 1988) and his attack of dread of dying in April 1896 (Schur, 1972).
In a previous paper, I examined Freud's reference to himself in November 1896 as "Pegasus Yoked to the Plough," (Salyard, 1988) and concluded that in using this phrase, Freud revealed that his early experiences included maternal seduction and the primal scene. Using other of Freud's writings, I concluded that the seduction occurred between the death of Julius and the birth of Anna when Freud was between two and two and a half. I also concluded that awakening of the memories of the early experiences was traumatic and that Freud successfully warded off their reconstruction in 1896 and throughout his life.
I believe that Freud's interest in and sensitivity to the effects of childhood seduction related to his own experience of maternal seduction. However, I also believe that his capacity to investigate this issue in patients' lives had been severely impaired by the very experience which may have attracted him to the work in the first place. For, although I believe Freud warded off reconstruction of his experiences, he could not eradicate their effects; early experiences of mother shape a child's orientation to the world of reality and contribute to the development of intellectual functioning. A child who experiences maternal overstimulation at an early age uses mind-distorting defensive operations in order to continue to think and feel. Furman (1984), pointed out that early experience of incest impairs the capacity for integration and reality testing. Shengold (1979, p. 539) noted that where a young child is abused by a parent to whom the child must turn for relief, the child must break with his experience and register the bad parent delusionally as good, a mind-splitting, mind-fragmenting process. A child who clings to an idealized image of the parent with intense persistence in order to deal with the intense fear and rage resulting from the experience learns to know and not know in complex and subtle ways. In another article, Shengold (1985, p. 34) drew attention to Orwell's principle of "doublethink" as a description of an outcome of child abuse: "To know and not know, to be conscious of complete truthfulness while telling carefully constructed lies, to hold simultaneously two opinions which cancelled out, knowing them to be contradictory and believing both."
Given my hypothesis of Freud's early maternal seduction, I found the concept of object-coercive doubting, especially useful in providing perspective on Freud's thinking as revealed in "The Aetiology of Hysteria." According to Kramer (1985), object-coercive doubting is a unique cognitive style which she encountered in patients who had experienced maternal incest before separation-individuation, the time at which I believe Freud's experiences occurred.
Object-coercive doubting serves the purpose of knowing and not knowing. It is characterized by the person's coercing the maternal object or substitute to argue one of the opposing sides of an intrapsychic conflict or its derivative. Kramer says that when incest occurs early, the child's personality is not sufficiently consolidated for him to be able to use the massive denial necessary to cope with it. In such circumstances, a child struggles with whether he can know or must ignore what his mind has registered; his reality testing and capacity for integration are impaired. Indeed, his reality is confused, "for the maternal part of the self-object does not permit clarity" (p. 349). Kramer pointed out:
The incomplete separation of self and object allows or possibly even forces the child to coerce the maternal object to take one of the contradictory sides in an argument that expresses the child's extreme conflict, which he cannot assimilate or handle in any way except by doubting (p. 348).
The child's constant, tormenting doubt is usually about knowing something. The child takes one side of the argument and forces the maternal object to take the other, but there is no resolution, no closure. Denial does not work. Doubts are better than a terrible truth. Kramer reported that her patients' doubting and questioning did not stop until the maternal stimulation was analyzed (p. 335).
Kramer believes that the defense described by Freud which appears closest to object-coercive doubting is disavowal, a defense the ego can use when it needs to fend off some distressing demand from the external world; the ego does this by disavowing perceptions which bring about knowledge of this demand. According to Freud, writing near the end of his life, disavowals "occur very often. . .and. . .turn out to be incomplete attempts at detachment from reality" (Freud, 1940, pp. 203-204).
In recounting the history of psychoanalysis years later, Freud termed the Seduction Theory "an error...which might well have had fatal consequences for the whole of my work" (1925, p. 33). Earlier Freud noted that an error indicates a struggle with some type of disturbing influence "due to mental processes lying outside our intention" (1901, p. 221). Freud also singled out errors in scientific judgment for special comment: "Only for the rarest and best adjusted minds does it seem possible to preserve the picture of external reality as they perceive it from distortion which occurs in the course of normal life of individuals" (p. 229). So a question which arises is: did a disturbance occur in April 1896 which could have affected Freud's scientific judgment.
Freud's April 16 letter to Fliess revealed that he had an attack of Todesangst, dread of dying (Freud, 1985, p. 181; Jones, 1953, p. 305-306; Schur, 1972, p. 104, n7). The attack was brought on by identification with the well-known sculptor, Victor Tilgner, who had died that morning, just five days before his ultimate artistic triumph, a statue of Mozart, was to have been unveiled in Vienna amid much ceremony. This serious disturbance could have affected Freud's judgment and contributed to his claiming to have made a significant scientific discovery.
Schur reported that the newspaper articles about Tilgner were "`made to order' for Freud to have a neurotic identification with him," so that Freud's reaction to the news of Tilgner's death - in essence, was `There but for the grace of God go I'" (Schur, 1972, p. 100). Anzieu reports that following Tilgner's death, Freud "suffered a fresh and more serious outbreak of symptoms, pondering. . . that. . .all great innovators are doomed . . .to die before success is theirs" (1975/1986, p. 166).
Unquestionably, Freud had the rare mind of a genius; however, in the 1890s, he was not among the best adjusted; indeed, during the 90's, Freud exhibited considerable psychoneuroses (Anzieu, p. 160; Jones 1953, pp. 305-306) including alternation between periods of elation and self-confidence on the one hand and periods of severe depression, doubt and inhibition on the other. Freud functioned throughout this period; however, his suffering was very intense and according to Jones "for those ten years there could have been only occasional intervals where life seemed much worth living" (pp. 304-305). According to Schur (1972), Freud's letter of April 16, 1896 - five days before he presented the Seduction Theory - provides evidence of the severity of his conflicts (pp. 97-99).
Freud's attack of Todesangst occurred at a time of vulnerability. Tilgner's death happened the day after the anniversary of the death of Freud's brother, Julius; it also coincided with a time when Freud expected to die; his 40th birthday, May 6, was a few weeks away and he had not realized his professional ambitions. He had suffered great disappointment in the reception of Studies in Hysteria; and he had abandoned The Project for a Scientific Psychology late in 1895 when the possibility of empirical verification of his theoretical formulations seemed to have eluded him. His relationship with his former mentor, Breuer, cast "a deep shadow over [his] existence" and he felt he "could do nothing right for him and [had] given up trying" (Freud, 1985, p. 175).
In addition to frustration from unrealized professional ambitions, Freud's daily work with patients had presented him with unavoidable stresses. As he later remarked, "Constant attention to patients' unconscious material which is struggling for expression stirs up in the analyst all the instinctual demands which he is otherwise able to keep under suppression" (Freud, 1937, p. 249). In addition to Freud's patients, his family of 6 children between 4 months and 9 years brought both economic and emotional pressures including need for a moratorium on his sexual life. Freud's father was in a terminal illness, so he could anticipate responsibility for his mother.
Given the stresses in Freud's life at the time, it appears that Freud was unable to preserve the picture of external reality as he had perceived it earlier in 1896 against the distortions introduced by his unconscious in the face of death. The possibility of unconscious distortion of data is plausible since Freud's data was derived from observations made in an interpersonal context with the strong likelihood of unresolved transference and coutertransference issues. In 1896, Freud had not begun his systematic self-analysis nor did he fully understand the dynamics of transference and countertransference. In addition, Freud's style of lecturing allowed latitude for the emergence of unconscious material. Freud seldom made much preparation for a lecture and seldom used notes, preferring to leave himself open to the inspiration of the moment (Jones, 1953, p. 341).
Freud's wish to make a significant scientific discovery is easy to understand. Had he proved it the Seduction Theory - had he really demonstrated the solution to a more-than-thousand-year-old problem - some of his deepest longings would have been fulfilled. In his September 21, 1897 letter to Fliess, he reflected:
"The expectation of eternal fame was so beautiful, as was that of certain wealth, complete independence, travels, and lifting the children above the severe worries that robbed me of my youth. Everything depended upon whether or not hysteria would come out right" (Freud, 1985, p. 266).
I believe that when in the throes of an attack of fear of dying, Freud's drive for immortal fame through scientific achievement drowned out the gentle voice which had counseled him earlier in the year to "postpone the account of the hysteria." Freud disavowed his perception that his theory had gaps and was not ready. His change of position from doubt to certainty appears to have been a breakthrough of a sense of a truth which he knew and could not let himself know: seduction in early childhood leaves "countless permanent effects which deserve to be traced in the greatest detail" (Freud, 1896b, p. 215).
Five days following the lecture, Freud began a letter to Fliess:
"You have not written for a long time, which means that either you are feeling so well that you are able to do a lot of work, or you feel quite bad; and this uncertainty of interpretation really ruins the present for me" (Freud, 1985, p. 183).
Two sentences later Freud broke off the letter. Uncertainty about the meaning of Fleiss' silence appears to have been disturbing him. I believe that at another level, the uncertainty of interpretation which was ruining Freud's present may have related both to his patients' scenes and to the meaning of the icy silence of the audience to whom he had lectured.
Six months following the lecture, when Freud's father died, and Freud's "whole past stirred," he referred to himself as "Pegasus yoked to the plough." This is the reference I have interpreted as revealing Freud's transient, concealed reference to his own early experience of maternal seduction and the primal scene (Salyard, 1988). During late 1896 and early 1897, Freud warded off memories of those early events. Then in his letter to Fliess of August 14, 1897, he referred to his own symptoms as hysteria for the first time. Using his own theory, this would mean he had been seduced as a young child. In the same letter Freud said he was "tormented by grave doubts about [his seduction] theory" (Freud, 1985, p. 261). Five weeks later, Freud wrote to Fliess that he had abandoned the theory. I believe that Freud's rejection of the Seduction Theory, even as he doubted, appears to have grown out of need to fend off what he thought he remembered.
Given Freud's uncertainties in 1896, and the circumstances under which Freud had presented it, the fact that Freud's belief in the Seduction Theory was short-lived is not surprising. Nor is it surprising that even after he told Fliess he had abandoned his neurotica, he continued to vacillate about the role of seduction in hysteria. In an earlier section, I noted that Kramer stated that her patients' doubting and questioning did not stop until the maternal sexual stimulation had been analyzed; I also noted that Freud's relationship with his mother remained repressed and unanalyzed throughout his life (Gay, 1988, p. 505; Salyard, 1988).
Following the death of his father, Freud turned his attention to writing The Interpretation of Dreams and in the years following, psychoanalysis became a psychology of the evolving inner mental life and its vicissitudes. Though Freud acknowledged the fact of the occurrence of seduction throughout his life, he did not give it the aetiological significance he had claimed in 1896. Throughout his life, he continued to debate the question of inner and outer reality and whether patients' material is based on fact or fantasy and whether it really matters. For example, toward the end of his life, he wrote that the child's first erotic object is the mother's breast and that by her provision of nourishment and care of the child's body, the mother arouses physical sensations, pleasurable and unpleasurable and thereby "becomes [the child's] first seducer." Yet, right after, he negated the significance of the child's experience when he added: "In all this the phylogenetic foundation has so much the upper hand over personal accidental experience that it makes no difference whether a child has really sucked at the breast or has been brought up on the bottle and never enjoyed the tenderness of a mother's care" (1940, p. 188).
The foregoing discussion reveals that Freud was not certain about the Seduction Theory at the time of its announcement; nor did he reject it as completely as his accounts suggest. Doubt followed his rejection of the theory. Freud's comment about the compelling force of the pleasure principle, written near the end of his life, provides perspective on what I believe was operating in both April 1896 and in September 1897:
"The psychical apparatus is intolerant of unpleasure; it has to fend it off at all costs, and if the perception of reality entails unpleasure, that perception - that is, the truth - must be sacrificed....One cannot flee from oneself; flight is no help against internal dangers. And for that reason, the defensive mechanisms of the ego are condemned to falsify one's internal perception and to give one only an imperfect and distorted picture of one's id. In its relations to the id, therefore, the ego is paralyzed by its restrictions or blinded by its errors; and the result of this in the sphere of psychical events can only be compared to being out walking in a country one does not know and without having a good pair of legs" (Freud, 1937, p. 237).
Freud's image of walking in a country he did not know without a good pair of lets is reminiscent of his dream of dissecting his own pelvis written just before the completion of The Interpretation of Dreams and is a reference to his self-analysis. In that dream, Freud was making his way through a changing landscape where the ground was boggy and slippery and his legs were tired, having just been restored to his body after the dissection of his pelvis.
Nearly 30 years later, when Freud wrote about abandoning his erroneous belief in his patients' stories, he described his mistake as "of the same kind as would be made by someone who believed that the legendary story of the early kings of Rome (as told by Livy) was historical truth instead of what it is in fact - a reaction against the memory of times and circumstances that were insignificant and occasionally, perhaps inglorious" (SE, XX, p. 35). I believe this comment suggests that Freud's remarks about the early events of psychoanalysis can be understood, not as literal historical truth, but as his reaction against the memory of those times - including his lecture to the Society for Psychiatry and Neurology of Vienna, that were, perhaps, inglorious.
Yet, however inglorious and perhaps shameful the memories of April 1896 may have been to Freud, and whatever his need to write history in reaction against those times, I believe that it is important to bear in mind that Freud's struggle to perceive, understand and interpret patients' material was an tremendous challenge, given his own unanalyzed experiences, including those connected with early maternal seduction. In 1896, Freud was indeed walking in a country he did not know without a good pair of legs.
Anzieu, D. (1986). Freud's Self-Analysis. (P. Graham, Trans.). Madison, CT: International Universities Press. (Original work published 1975)
Balmary, M. (1979). Psychoanalyzing psychoanalysis. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Freud, S. (1895). Studies in hysteria. S.E., 2.
Freud, S. (1896a). Further remarks on the neuro-psychoses of defence. S.E., 3, 157-188.
Freud, S. (1896b). The aetiology of hysteria. S.E., 3, 187-222.
Freud, S. (1901). The psychopathology of everday life. S.E., 6, 1-279.
Freud, S. (1905). Three essays on the theory of sexuality. S.E., 7, 123-245.
Freud, S. (1906). My views on the part played by sexuality in aetiology of the neuroses. S.E., 7, 269-279.
Freud, S. (1914). On the history of the psychoanalytic movement. S.E., 14, 1-66.
Freud, S. (1917). Introductory lectures on psychoanalysis. S.E., 16.
Freud, S. (1925). An autobiographical study. S.E., 20, 1-74.
Freud, S. (1933). New introductory lectures on psychoanalysis. S.E., 22, 1-182.
Freud, S. (1937). Analysis terminable and interminable. S.E., 23, 209-253.
Freud, S. (1940). An outline of Psychoanalysis. S.E., 23, 141-207.
Freud, S. (1985). The complete letters of Sigmund Freud to Wilhelm Fliess 1887-1904. (J. Masson, Ed. and Trans.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Original Work 1887-1904).
Furman, E. (1984). The seduction hypothesis. A.Psa.-78. Chicago, IL: Teach'em, Inc.
Gay, P. (1988). Freud: A life for our time. New York: W.W. Norton.
Jones, E. (1953). The life and work of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 1). New York: Basic Books.
Kramer, S. (1985). Object-Coercive Doubting: A Pathological Defensive Response to Maternal Incest. In H.P. Blum (Ed.), Defense and Resistance. (pp. 325-351). New York: International Universities Press.
Krull, M. (1979). Freud and his father. (A. Pomerans, Trans.). New York: Norton. (Original work 1986)
LaPlanche, J. & Pontalis J.-B. (1986). Fantasy and the origins of sexuality. In V. Burgin, J. Donald & C. Kaplan (eds.), Formations of fantasy. (pp. 5- 34). London: Methuen.
Lerman, H. (1986). A mote in Freud's eye. New York: Springer.
Masson, J. (l984). The assault on truth. New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux.
McGrath, W.J. (1986). Freud's discovery of psychoanalysis. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Miller, A. (1984). Thou shalt not be aware. (H. & H. Hannum, Trans.). New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux. (Original work 1981)
Rush, F. (l980). The best kept secret. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Salyard, A. (1988). Freud as Pegasus yoked to the plough. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 5(4), 403-429.
Schimek, J. (1987). Fact and fantasy in the seduction theory: a historical review. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association. 35(4), 937-965Schur, M. (1972). Freud: living and dying. New York: International Universities Press.
Schur, M. (1979). Some additional "day residues" of "the specimen dream of psychoanalysis." In M. Kanzer & J. Glenn (Eds.), Freud and his self-analysis. (pp. 87-116). New York: Aronson.
Shengold, L. (1979). Child abuse and deprivation. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association. 27, 533-559.
Shengold, L. (1985). The effects of child abuse as seen in adults: George Orwell. Psychoanalytic Quarterly. LIV, 20-45.
Swales, P. (1983). Freud, Krafft-Ebbing, and the witches. New York.
A draft of this paper was published as:
Salyard, A. (1994). On not knowing what you know: Object-coercive doubting and Freud's theory of seduction. Psychoanalytic Review, 81, 659-676.
An earlier draft of this paper was presented at the 1990 Spring Meeting of the Division for Psychoanalysis of the American Psychological Association in New York.


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One of the benefits of being a physical therapist is the variety of job settings there are to choose from. It is often not thought of, but physical therapists have a multitude of job settings in which to practice. This provides physical therapists with a unique understanding of helping people gain maximal functional mobility across the lifespan.

Physical Therapy in the Hospital

The hospital setting is a common place where physical therapists work, but within the hospital, there are specialty areas where your PT may work. These may include:

Acute care or the intensive care unit

Emergency department

Orthopedic and surgical floors

Geriatric floors

Oncology

Cardiac rehabilitation

Anytime you are hospitalized, you doctors have a responsibility to ensure that you are safe to return home before discharging you from the hospital. Your physical therapist will work with you in the hospital to help you regain mobility so you can safely return home.

Outpatient Physical Therapy

Outpatient clinics are another common setting where physical therapists are employed. There are many private as well as nationally owned physical therapy clinics throughout the US. Many specialize in sports medicine rehabilitation.

Your local hospital may also have an outpatient physical therapy clinic, either in the main hospital or at an offsite satellite clinic.

Outpatient clinics typically treat orthopedic conditions which may include:

Low back pain

Neck pain

Shoulder pain

Post-fracture rehabilitation

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Although many people think only of musculoskeletal conditions when considering outpatient therapy, your local clinic may treat people with neurological conditions or cardiac conditions in outpatient cardiac rehab. Anytime you have a condition where you are not able to function normally, you should think about checking in with your doctor or visiting your outpatient physical therapist.

Physical Therapy in a Rehabilitation Hospital

Rehabilitation hospitals and centers are yet another popular setting for physical therapists. Here physical therapists work in a team along with occupational, speech, and recreational therapists to provide patients with complete therapy.

If you have had surgery like a total knee replacement or hip replacement and do not need intensive hospital care, you may spend time in a short term rehab hospital. There your PT will work with other allied health professionals to help you regain enough functional mobility to return home.

Physical Therapy in Your Home

Home health agencies are another popular setting in which physical therapists work. In this type of employment, physical therapists go to their patient's houses and provide therapy in the home. This is provided for those patients who are unable to leave their home.

Your physical therapist may also be an independent PT who travels to your home to provide your services. Home care physical therapy can help you restore your functional mobility so you can return to your previous level of activity.

School Based Physical Therapy

The school systems also employ physical therapists to work with students in special education classes. Physical therapy is a part of these disabled students' learning curriculum.

The work that physical therapists do in school is important. If your child has a functional limitation that may impede their full potential to learn and develop like their peers, they may receive physical therapy in their school. Your PT can work closely with you, your child, and your child''s teacher to ensure that he or she has every opportunity to excel in their educational pursuits.

Corporate Physical Therapists

Some physical therapists work with large corporations, especially those involved in heavy labor, manufacturing, or warehouse work. These PTs help to train workers in proper body mechanics, lifting techniques, and ergonomics. They may also be involved in employee wellness initiatives and in exercise and fitness screenings.

PT in Sports Medicine and Athletic Training Centers

Your physical therapist may be a sports specialist who works with athletes to help them recover after injuries. Sports medicine physical therapists are also experts in injury prevention, helping athletes reach their full athletic potential while minimizing the risk of injury.

Your physical therapist may also work in a nursing home, adult center, or with a physician in the office to help people regain or maintain safe functional mobility.

Physical therapists work in a variety of settings with people all across the lifespan. If you are having difficulty with your normal mobility, you may benefit from the skilled services of a physical therapist to help you recover and reach your maximum functional potential.

Edited by Brett Sears, PT.


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With today being BioWare's N7 Day celebration, it's safe to say that plenty of Mass Effect: Andromeda fans are well aware of the studio's release of the game's first major cinematic trailer. Of course, with this being the case, those interested in the science fiction franchise are surely chomping at the bit to learn as much as they can about Mass Effect: Andromeda before its launch next year.
Luckily enough, some brand new story details for Mass Effect: Andromeda have been revealed thanks to a previously unlisted trailer for what is known as the game's Andromeda Initiative. The video presents itself as an orientation for the title's space exploration program, and it doles out key bits of information about humanity's universal search for a new planet for colonization.
As seen in the Mass Effect: Andromeda Initiative trailer below, details regarding the mission are provided by its founder, Jian Garson, and is cautiously pitched as a "one-way trip." Throughout the course of the clip, the character offers plenty of pre-departure information and makes nods to forthcoming survival training for the mission, as it's discussed how exploring space for a new planet will operate.
As stated in the video above, "600 years from now you will awake from cryostasis on the outskirts of the Andromeda galaxy. Most of you will be aboard Arc Hyperion while the rest will travel on the Nexus with me." There are three other Arcs and each one has "a separate species" on board, with all of them leaving from the Milky Way at the same time.
Not to mention, "each Arc is assigned its own Pathfinder," which is the main character of Mass Effect: Andromeda that is described as "a blend of an elite soldier, scientist, and guide who is tasked with finding a new home." For those unaware, the actual protagonists are siblings in the game, so should one make their character female, her male counterpart will be her brother, and vice-versa.
As far as the aforementioned "new home" is concerned, long-range sensors have sent out signals and identified "Golden Worlds" within the helios cluster of Andromeda, with these being what each of the individual Arcs arFe seeking out. Over the next few months, fans who subscribe to the newsletter for the Mass Effect: Andromeda Initiative will get details involving Arc overviews, ground and space vehicle certification, outpost establishment guidelines, as well as first contact protocols in case new species are discovered during exploration. Furthermore, those that sign up will also receive "weapons, biotics, and survival training."
Taking all of these highly detailed plans into consideration, it seems as if BioWare is now prepared to begin promoting Mass Effect: Andromeda with all of its resources, possibly indicating that its tentative early 2017 release date is going to remain firmly in place. However, considering the game's past postponements — it was initially scheduled to drop at the end of 2016, for instance — the potential's still there for the studio to push it back again. As a matter of fact, during Electronic Arts' latest financial briefing, CFO Blake Jorgensen stated it would delay the release of the game if it's not ready in time, which is understandable, but hopefully not a move that needs to be made.
Mass Effect: Andromeda is currently scheduled to release during the first quarter of 2017 for PC, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One.
Source: Mass Effect — YouTube (via Gamerant)


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Nicky Sugarman, CFA, is an Associate on the global Investment Team based in London, where he is involved in evaluating and reviewing fund managers. In addition to Private Equity markets, he also covers the Real Asset market within Europe. Nicky joined Altius in 2012, and has since conducted due diligence on Buyout, Venture, Infrastructure, Energy, Agriculture, Credit and Mining funds.
Prior to joining Altius, Nicky worked at investment bank Evolution Securities, as well as holding internships at Royal Bank of Canada and BGC.
He holds a First Class Honours Degree in Economics from Nottingham Trent University. In addition to this, he is a CFA charterholder and has passed the IMC qualification.


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Can't We All Just Get Along?
Nasser David Khalili tries to build bridges between Muslims and Jews. In 2004 London's Hermitage Rooms at Somerset House billed a provocative show of his Islamic art "Heaven on Earth: Art from Islamic Lands." His charity, the Maimonides Foundation, dropped off busloads of Jewish and Muslim students to see the show and to work together on a related art project. "I have always maintained that religion and politics have their own language," says Khalili, "but the language of art is universal."
Last year his foundation, on whose advisory board sit ambassadors to the U.K. from nine Arab states and Israel, paid an Islamic publishing house $20,000 to translate into Arabic and print 3,000 copies of a children's book--a retelling in English of the stories of Joseph and Moses, as taken from the Koran. The books, distributed to Palestinian children, are meant to show them the shared heritage of Islam and Judaism.
Then there's the Maimonides soccer league for Muslim and Jewish schoolchildren, ages 9-12, hosted by the popular Arsenal Football Club at its London field. Cheered on by Prince Charles' charitable trust, over 120 children from 20 different Jewish, Muslim and secular schools, synagogues, mosques and faith-based community centers have peacefully competed--without, so far, any brawling from their parents in the bleachers.
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By Linky van der Merwe
As a Project Manager it's important to differentiate between project management methodologies and standards. Here are 7 questions to help define what a methodology and a standard is, based on a summary of the best information I could find and what I know from experience.
#1 What is a methodology?
A methodology is a set of methods, processes and practices that are repeatedly carried out to deliver projects. It tells you what you have to do, to manage your projects from start to finish. It describes every step in the project life cycle in depth, so you know exactly which tasks to complete, when and how.
The key concept is that you repeat the same steps for every project you undertake, and by doing that, you will gain efficiencies in your approach.
#2 What is a standard?
A standard is "a collection of knowledge areas that are generally accepted as best practice in the industry".
The Project Management Institute (PMI) developed the Organizational Project Management Maturity Model (OPM3) – now a globally recognized standard – to enable organizations to identify, measure and improve PM capabilities, standardize processes, help solidify successful project outcomes and ultimately determine best practices and strengthen the connection between strategic planning and execution. OPM3 focuses on overall organizational strategic effectiveness and incorporates project, program and portfolio management. This standard was updated in 2008 and again in 2013 and is recognized by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) as an American National Standard.
#3 What is the difference between a methodology and a standard?
Standards give you industry guidance, whereas methodologies give you practical processes for managing projects. Standards are not methodologies, and vice versa. The two most popular standards are PMBOK and Prince2.
#4 Why use a methodology?
A project methodology should help you by giving you a clear process for managing projects. After you have customised it to perfectly fit your environment, your methodology should tell your team what has to be completed to deliver your project, how it should be done, in which order and by when.
#5 What should be included in a project management methodology?
When you buy a project methodology, it should give you:
- A core set of processes to follow for delivering projects
- A set of templates to help you build deliverables quickly
- A suite of case studies to help you learn from past projects
- An option for customizing the methodology provided
- The ability to import your existing processes into it
#6 What a project management methodology will not do?
A Methodology is not a silver bullet. It will not fix projects by itself or guarantee success and an efficient, effective, experienced project manager is still required to deliver projects successfully. No methodology will be 100% applicable to every type of project. So you will need to customise any methodology you purchase to ensure that it perfectly fits your project management environment.
#7 What are the benefits of using a methodology?
By using a methodology you can:
- Create a project roadmap
- Monitor time, cost and quality (project triple constraint)
- Control change and scope
- Minimise risks and issues
- Manage staff and suppliers
Of course, you will need to use the methodology that is most suitable to each project you undertake. For smaller projects, you will only want to apply lightweight processes and when managing large projects, you should apply the heavyweight processes to monitor and control every element of your project in depth.
But if you can manage every project you undertake in the same way, then you will gain efficiencies with your approach, work smarter and reduce your stress. You will also give your team a clear understanding of what you expect from them and boost your chances of success.
Under PM Resources you will find some recommended Project Management Methodologies like:
In order to give you good descriptions of Project Management Methodologies, I have found an Infographic from Wrike, covering the 16 top project management approaches.
In the comments please share the project management methodologies that you have used and tell us more about them.


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Monday February 8, 2010
Jamie Lynn Spears has broken up with fiancé and father of her baby, Casey Aldridge.
According to friends of the 18-year-old, Jamie Lynn is now in a new relationship with businessman James Watson.
The pretty actress, who gave birth to daughter Maddie last June, reportedly moved back into her mother's home six weeks ago.
"She's going through a lot of changes," a family friend tells People.
"It has been painful. She's a young mother and struggling in a lot of areas."
"She did a lot of growing up but he didn't," the source adds.
"I think she put up with more than she cared to put up with. She just got enough of it and was tired of the situation."
Photo: � Getty Images


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What better way to celebrate the release of Ubuntu 9.10 Beta than a smorgasbord of Karmic friendly wallpapers?!
Simply Ubuntu
Karmic Circles
Coffee Cup
A day At The Savannah
Ubuntu Tattoo
Be sure to check out these other popular wallpaper posts @ omg!ubuntu!
Quirky Wallpaper �" from a real-time view of earth as your wallpaper to a fully animated desktop!
10 Ubuntu Themed Wallpapers


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Definition of a Parellelepiped
Date: 9/18/95 at 21:48:3 From: Jeffrey H Dresner Subject: Re: Geometry term What is a parallelepiped? Jeffrey H Dresner
Date: 9/18/95 at 22:41:16 From: Doctor Ken Subject: Re: Geometry term Hello! A parallelepiped is kind of like a 3-d (or n-d, really) version of a parallelogram. So here's an analogy: a rectangle is to a parallelogram as a box (or rectangular prism, or rectangular parallelepiped) is to a parallelepiped. Note that a rectangle is a parallelogram, but a parallelogram isn't necessarily a rectangle. The same is true of boxes and parallelepipeds. - Doctor Ken, The Geometry Forum
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The Pros and Cons of a Career in Web Design
With the ever-expanding Internet world, many people these days are leaning toward specializing in web-based professions. With a future full of possibility in the Internet, it's a very profitable market to join. If you're considering a career in web design, here are some pros and cons that come with the profession for you to consider.
A major pro for entering a career focused in web design is that you know you'll have security in your field for years to come. For a creative profession, that can be a rare find. With different advancements being made every day with and regarding Internet technology, web designers will be needed for a long time. It's a much more lucrative business to enter in to right now than, say, a paper supply company.
Another pro of this field is that your work is usually live on websites soon after completion. There's not much waiting to see the results of your hard work. So if you're the type who feeds on more instant gratification, you might find a very fulfilling career in web design. Another benefit many web designers enjoy is working with the most advanced technology available. If you want to get involved in the cutting edge technology coming out on a daily basis, working in web design will help you do just that.
As a member of web development, you'll also usually be able to set your own hours, especially when you're more established. You won't necessarily be locked into a 9 to 5, Monday to Friday schedule with daily deadlines; you're more likely to have set deadlines on which an entire project is due. You can make your schedule work better for you if you're a night owl or an early morning person.
As with all professions, there are also cons to working in web design. One of those disadvantages being that, especially in the beginning of your career, you may spend a lot of time working on projects that feel trivial and pointless. Even though you'll get to flex your creative muscles as a web designer, it could be years before you get to start creating your own content. You'll spend a lot of time designing more boring content and web pages. With dedication and experience, you'll surely work up to designing more exciting pages but you do have to start somewhere and usually that start isn't the most interesting.
If you choose to work as a freelancing web designer, it's also likely you won't have steady income through that job so you may have to hold down other jobs to pay bills while pursuing your web design dreams. Some web designers also warn against the limited career paths available for web designers. The two major ones are as a graphic designer and the other as an art director. You may want to consider expanding your skill set and experience in other areas of web development to open more paths for your future.
If you're interested the field, it doesn't hurt to expand your repertoire and knowledge base by reading website builder reviews, tech magazines, design books, and any other resource you can get your hands on. To stay viable in this field, you'll constantly need to stay up to date with the latest tech trends and Internet related news.


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Test your track knowledge
Published 4:32 pm, Wednesday, July 24, 2013
1. Where was the original Hattie's Restaurant located?
2. The meet was 24 days from 1946 to 1990, when it was increased to 30 days; it became 34 days in 1994 and 36 in 1997. How many days of racing are scheduled for this year's meet?
3. What is the current color of the Travers canoe in the infield lake, and why does it change every year?
4. A popular give-away, the bobblehead, will return this year. In whose likeness was the first bobblehead the New York Racing Association gave away?
5. What was the name of the horse that beat the mighty Man o' War in the 1919 Sanford Stakes, the only loss in his 21-race career?
6. Hometown hero Funny Cide won the Kentucky Derby and the Preakness, but his owners never bred him. Why?
More Information
1. Federal Street
2. 40
3. Blue and orange, for the silks colors of the winning owners of last year's Travers Stakes, a dead heat. Godolphin Racing, the owner of Alpha, wears blue and Magic City Thoroughbred Partners, the owners of Golden Ticket, wear orange.
4. Jerry Bailey
5. Upset
6. He is a gelding.
7. Oprah Winfrey, although there was an Oprah Winney
8. Natural spring water
9. (a.) Gideon Putnam
10. Angel Cordero Jr.
11. Todd Pletcher
12. 8
13. Go for Wand
14. Four. The jockeys are Eddie Arcaro, Braulio Baeza, Jimmy McLaughlin and Pat Day.
15. 7
16. Jose Santos, in 1987
17. Bill Mott
18. Javier Castellano in 2010 (Afleet Express) and 2011 (Stay Thirsty)
19. Shug McGaughey in 1989 (Easy Goer) and 1990 (Rhythm)
20. Whirlaway, in 1941
7. Which one of these was NOT a racehorse's name? 1. Arrr 2. Clones R Us 3. Atswhatimtalknbout 4. Oprah Winfrey
8. Horse racing wasn't the first attraction to draw people to Saratoga Springs. What was?
9. The founder of Saratoga Springs was named, (a.) Gideon Putnam (b.) Scott Johnson (c.) Sonny Whitney or (d.) John Morrissey
10. Which jockey is considered the King of Saratoga?
11. Which trainer has the most wins in Saratoga history?
12. Fourstardave was called the Sultan of Saratoga. He won races here for how many consecutive years: 3, 5 or 8?
13. Which horse is buried in the infield?
14. There are four jockeys who hold the record for most wins in the Travers Stakes. How many wins? And, for a bonus question, can you name the jockeys?
15. How many riding titles did Hall of Fame jockey Jerry Bailey win at Saratoga?
16. Who broke Angel Cordero Jr.'s streak of 11 consecutive riding titles?
17. Todd Pletcher has won nine training titles at Saratoga. One other trainer has also taken the title nine times. Who is he?
18. Who is the last jockey to win back-to-back runnings of the Travers Stakes?
19. Who is the last trainer to win back-to-back runnings of the Travers Stakes?
20. In the 143 runnings of the Travers Stakes, only one Triple Crown winner has won it. Who is it?
email@example.com • 518-454-5352 • @leighhornbeck


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- Slots
- Racing
- Fair Grounds Racing Club
- Race Track Industry Program
- Wagering Information
- Handicap Weights
- Horsemen
- Claims
- Condition Book
- Green Pastures & Horse Rescue
- Stakes
- Workouts
- OTB/Video Poker
Category Seven Wins Furl Sail After DQ of Never Retreat
James Perron Racing Stable's Category Seven, overlooked by Fair Grounds racing fans in Saturday's $60,000 Furl Sail Handicap, ended up paying win mutuels of $34.40, $14.60 and $6.60 following a disqualification of Team Block's Never Retreat, who was first under the wire a neck in front of the...
Three-Year-Old Owned by Brees, Bensel, Other Prominent NFL Personalities in Sunday
Fair Grounds will showcase a number of high-class Thoroughbreds this weekend, including 2008 American 1000 Guineas heroine Much Obliged in Saturday's 37th renewal of the $60,000 Furl Sail Handicap, as well as last summer's Grade III Washington Park Handicap winner Gran Estreno in Sunday's $49,000...
Noble's Promise, Piscitelli, Dublin, Backtalk Among La. Derby Early Bird Noms
New Year's Day in New Orleans means more than cabbage and black-eyed peas. It also marks the official birthday of all registered Thoroughbred racehorses, including the newly turned 3-year-olds eligible for the Grade II, $750,000 Louisiana Derby on March 27 and, ultimately, the Kentucky Derby at...
Tears of Jupiter Wins New Year's Day Feature
Tears of Jupiter, owned by Media Thoroughbred Group and trained by Eric Heitzmann, benefited from a patient, late-charging ride by jockey Curt Bourque to win Friday's $45,000 allowance feature at Fair Grounds, contested at about five and a half furlongs over a Stall-Wilson turf course rated "good...
Brisnet Handicappers Edge Fair Grounds notes.
Multiple stakes heroine MUCH OBLIGED (Kingmambo) highlights a field of 12 fillies and mares in Saturday's $60,000 Furl Sail H. at Fair Grounds. A half-length winner of the Blushing K. D. H. in her last outing, the Malcolm Pierce-trained mare has captured three of her last four starts, with the...
Live Chats Every Race Day from Brisnet
Get more Fair Grounds handicapping information direct from the experts and share your opinions, too, in daily Live Chats hosted by the analysts at Brisnet. The chats begin every live racing day a half-hour before first post and continue until after the final race. TODAY'S CHAT FEATURES THE WIZARD....
Much Obliged Strong Choice in Saturday's Furl Sail
Much Obliged, winner of the Blushing K. D. Handicap on opening day, looms as a strong 8-5 morning line choice in Saturday's $60,000 Furl Sail Handicap. Click the headline to read more, or click here to watch Churchill Downs analyst Jill Byrne's preview.
Red Rally and The Rumor's True Win Divisions of Louisiana Futurity
Red Rally broke in full stride to make all the pace and increased the margin to six lengths at the wire when winning Thursday's colts and gelding division of Fair Grounds' $109,445 Louisiana Futurity as the 3-10 fan favorite. In the filly division of Thursday's $111,145 Louisiana Futurity, The...
Much Obliged Strong Choice in Saturday's Furl Sail
Pin Oak Stable's Much Obliged, odds-on winner of Fair Grounds' $60,000 Blushing K. D. Handicap on opening day Nov. 6, looms as a strong 8-5 morning line choice once again when she heads a field of 11 grass-favoring fillies and mares – including an entry – in Saturday's 37th renewal of the $60,000...
Red Rally and The Rumor's True Win Divisions of Louisiana Futurity
Dan Lynch, Ken Sentel and Merrill Scherer's Red Rally broke in full stride to make all the pace and increased the margin to six lengths at the wire when winning Thursday's colts and gelding division of Fair Grounds' $109,445 Louisiana Futurity as the 3-10 fan favorite. "I couldn't believe he got...


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By Rick Klein
With Mitt Romney ducking questions about controversial GOP-backed ballot initiatives in Ohio, one of his rivals for the presidency is accusing him of "leading from behind" and failing to show "presidential leadership."
"It looks a little bit like his position on the debt ceiling, a little bit like his position on Libya. It smacks a little bit of leading from behind," former Utah Gov. Jon Huntsman told me and Jonathan Karl on ABC's "Top Line" today.
"This is a time when if you are going to be president of the United States, you show a little presidential leadership. That's by taking a position and leading out -- sometimes there is a risk associated with taking a position, but that's all part of leadership."
On the substance of those initiatives, Huntsman says he agrees with Republican efforts in Ohio to ban an "individual mandate" to require residents to purchase health insurance -- a mandate that's similar to one Romney put in place as governor of Massachusetts.
"We do have an example of the individual mandate in Massachusetts, and what have we seen? We've seen costs on average go up about 2,500 bucks for the average family, we've seen quality go down, we've seen emergency room visits go up. And federally we've seen at least one circuit court, the 11th Circuit Court, basically say, likely unconstitutional."
Still, Huntsman vowed to support Romney if he wins the Republican nomination: "Of course. I will support whoever the Republican nominee is. Whoever has what it takes to get through a trying and rigorous primary season which brings out the best in people, I will support."
Source: http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/10/huntsman-on-romney-leading-from-behind-not-showing-presidential-leadership/


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Anchorage, Alaska's largest city, is in the south-central part of the state on the Cook Inlet. It's known for its cultural sites, including the Alaska Native Heritage Center, which displays traditional crafts, stages dances and presents replicas of dwellings from the area's indigenous groups. The city is also a gateway to nearby mountains (including the Chugach, Kenai and Talkeetna) and vast wilderness.
Starting at 12PM this Thursday, Uber Anchorage, Alaska residents will have access to the convenience and reliability of Uber. Uber has been kind enough to offer 10 days of free rides around town for current and new Uber customers. Enjoy 10 free uberX rides, up to $25 off per ride in Anchorage. These free rides are valid through 9/28/14, and no Uber promotional code is necessary.
For more information about this Uber Alaska promo, read the Uber Anchorage promotional blog here.
Sign up here to get a $20 ride credit in addition to the current promo.