text:
Lynn Horner called to order a Community Conversation which had all viewpoints well represented at The Barista on Thursday evening. A decision is pending on the fate of the Plaza, the pre-1900 brick building strategically located on Highway 50, east of Colorado Ave.
Lynn Horner called to order a Community Conversation which had all viewpoints well represented at The Barista on Thursday evening. A decision is pending on the fate of the Plaza, the pre-1900 brick building strategically located on Highway 50, east of Colorado Ave. Those who wish to demolish the building were about equally represented with those who wish to preserve the building. The Urban Renewal meeting next Thursday at noon in Jodi's Grill will probably seal its fate.
Horner began by giving a background about Urban Renewal projects in La Junta. He explained that the money for Urban Renewal comes from the tax increment district, an area encompassing the traditional downtown La Junta plus the businesses along Highway 50, city limits east to west. He explained the rules of what the Urban Renewal can do and what it cannot do. He talked about how the Plaza Building was originally acquired as a possible site for a Highway 50 museum and local showpiece.
A spokesperson for the demolition side was Randall Roberson, local banker, who said the idea of historical preservation is attractive to him, but he does not think this is the right project. Speaking up for the project of rehabilitation were Steve and Velma Simpson, who told of many urban projects with which they have been involved in other cities. Velma worked in rehabilitation projects with the U.S. government before her retirement and is familiar with urban planning, which she urges be undertaken for the town of La Junta.
Bill Jackson, assistant city manager, pointed out that there are plans and have been projects. Susie Sarlo, a native La Juntan who has lived in many cities, said that La Junta is her home. She pointed out the craftsmanship in the old brick buildings and reiterated that she does not want to lose any more of it.
Beverly Babb, owner of the recently demolished Kit Carson Hotel, gave a short history of that building's demise and urged the group not to make the same mistakes again. She drew applause.
Three proposed uses for the building were discussed. Cockrell, a vice president of Otero Junior College, said that the apartments upstairs would be an attractive alternative for the housing of visiting nurses and nursing students who are not full-time residents of La Junta. Young farmers Kerry Lewis and Jacob Froese, in business as Simply Different Produce LLC, a delivery program for local produce, were present and are interested in the Plaza as a possible location for local agriculture business. A representative of Common Sense, a state organization promoting the welfare of brain injured individuals, said that a headquarters is needed for that organization in southeastern Colorado. Simpson held up a list of businesses interested in the restoration of the building.
The local Chevrolet dealer is interested in acquiring the space occupied by the Plaza Building. He proposes to trade a lot on Third Street in back of his car lot for it. Some people objected to a large amount of public money being disposed of in this manner, but some favored it.


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Hunter Safety is a must; NEVER hunt with fools.
Every November in our part of the state of Missouri… the hills are alive with the sound of … gunshots! It's deer season. As a young boy my dad taught me how to hunt deer. We put a lot of venison on the table throughout winter; it was a rite of passage to manhood, or so it seemed to me.
Every year we would prepare a month in advance so we would be ready for that first (always cold) morning of deer season. We woke up long before sunrise and found our way in the dark to a stand; where we would sit in silence until deer passed nearby. My problem was sitting completely still after the sun came up. I roamed the woods looking for tracks, Dad called me his tracker. I have happened upon many a deer in my lifetime. Most of the time we would scare each other and the deer would take off before I could shoot.
One day I was walking along a crooked path in tall willows when… there I was face to face with a big doe! We had looked up at each other at the same time and we both froze. My gun was at my side pointing down. We stared at each other knowing that at the slightest movement, it would be over. It's the last day of the season and I really wanted this doe. So I'm thinking about how I'm I going to get my gun in place. I stood there for twenty minutes in that trail with that doe and she never moved her eyes off me so I could move my gun. I finally gave in and said "Go on, get out of here" and she turned and ran off the same way she came.
But that's not the deer hunting story I wanted to tell you about this time. It's about Human Dogs.
After the morning hunt, Dad and friends would drive around looking for other promising places to hunt. They would look for timber-lined creeks or small timbers. We found a good tree line to run up in Amish Country where we knew the farmers and decided to try it out. My cousin Mike and I were the young, designated Human Dogs; in that were to run the deer out of the timber and directly into the line of fire. The timber was about one mile long so they dropped us off at the start of the trees and told us to wait for fifteen minutes and start driving the woods and scare any deer about toward them.
Now my cousin Mike was older than I and had done this before. We started walking through the woods about fifty feet away from each other. We had gotten almost to the end of the trees when I saw six deer lying at the edge of the woods near me. I signaled Mike and put up six fingers.
As he reached me I whispered to him that we should scare them out by yelling because we don't know exactly where the four men were in front of us. My concern was that if we shoot at them ourselves that we may hit someone. This turned out to not be a concern of the four adults.
Also, we did not know that on the other side of that open field were four more Amish men. We decided to shoot in the air and yell to scare the deer…and then we waited… about one minute and later the woods were singing with high powered rifle bullets. We heard them flying by us and we hit the ground with face down.
I felt like I needed to dig a hole… l couldn't get low enough… I heard many bullets zip by… just inches above my head. After about forty shots there was a pause and so we rose up… only to hit the dirt again… they had reloaded and started shooting once again! When it was finally all over we walked out of the woods to find a lot of excited people and they told us their version of this tale.
All said and done, we somehow survived without a scratch and no deer… for anyone. The deer were so scared with all the hunters and noise that they had moved and jumped way too fast for anyone to hit them.
I almost cried… I told them I would never be a Human Dog again for anyone. Should someone ask you to be their Human Dog; you tell them to go jump in a lake!
Hunter safety is a must, NEVER hunt with fools.

subset: commoncrawl


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A clean or minimal genome refers to the minimum set of genes that an organism needs to survive and reproduce. This implies that there are genes that are "nonessential" to the organism's survival and can be removed without destroying the cell or disrupting its growth cycle. Examples of nonessential DNA would include duplicate genes, transposable elements and catabolic pathways used for the intake and breakdown of certain complex biomolecules and would be removed from a minimal genome.[1][2][3]
- 1 Advantages of a Minimal Genome
- 2 Minimal/Clean Genomes vs. Wild Type Genomes
- 3 Estimating the Number of Essential Genes
- 4 Genome Reduction
- 5 Minimal Genome Synthesis
Advantages of a Minimal Genome
As the complexity of synthetic biology projects increases, so too will the problems it will run into due to the somewhat inherent randomness inside each cell. A minimal genome would give synthetic biologists a reliable and predictable "chassis" that could provide an ideal platform for perusing new research.
Current model organisms used in modern research contain deleterious DNA and gene products (like insertion sequences and unforeseen molecular interactions) which could disable or prohibit future endeavors by interacting unfavorably with whatever the "subject of interest" is.[1][4] "Depending on the genetic and physiological context, their [IS] contribution to gene inactivation ranges from 3.9% to 98%."[5]
Smaller amounts of extraneous gene products, like secondary metabolites, would simplify and reduce the cost of extraction and purification of cell parts, biomolecules and pharmaceuticals, many of which would be more expensive and time consuming to separate from a population of cells by conventional means.[6]
Gene stability in reduced genomes has been improved by removing transposable elements (TEs), error prone DNA polymerases and the enzymes responsible for the SOS response. Spontaneous, random genetic changes would be extremely harmful toward a minimal cell lacking a number of redundant systems. A stable genome would be a very desirable trait for research and experiment replication.[6][7]
Future advances in genome replication, unnatural amino acids, drug development, fuel production, biofilm formation[8] biomaterial synthesis and other cellular applications and processes[7] could be accelerated by simplifying and streamlining the genome used to code for a cell.[1][4]
Minimal/Clean Genomes vs. Wild Type Genomes
Cells with reduced genomes have less relative fitness than similar wild type cells and cannot easily cope with changes in its environment. For example, reduced cells are more sensitive to reactive oxygen species, even when the cells still retain the genes needed to respond towards oxidative stress. [7]
The mutation rate in cells with minimal genomes is significantly reduced compared to wild type genomes.[7] This would decrease the genetic diversity of the reduced genome cell population. It is conceivable that if a bacteriophage ever infected a reduced or minimal genome line, then it would quickly become a phage genome line.
Estimating the Number of Essential Genes
There are several different methods used for estimating the minimum number of essential genes an organism needs to survive in a controlled environment. Each method has its own shortcomings which limits their applications.
Comparative Genomics
Comparative genomics looks for genomic homology between different organisms and strains. Genetic homology over a wide number of similar organisms could be an indicator of essential genes since they were conserved throughout those strains or species.[1][6] Unfortunately, a comparative approach could underestimate the number of essential genes since in only accounts for true genetic orthologs. For example, this gene estimate would not account for genes with different morphologies that code for functionally similar gene products.[9][10] In some instances, it could also underestimate the number of essential genes since homologous genes do not have to be useful or essential. For example, virulence factors that are homologous in many pathogenic microbes are not essential genes. [6]
Gene Disruption using Transposable Mutagenesis
Targeted gene disruption using Transposable mutagenesis involves attempting to inactivate genes using a large number of transposable elements, then sequencing the resulting genome. Theoretically, if transposable elements are unable to insert themselves into a gene, then those genes must be more essential to the cell than other genes that are susceptible to disruption.[11] Some of the genes screened may read a false positive for essentiality since there is the chance that some transducable elements may not have been transduced into that gene, i.e. a nonessential gene may not have had a transposable element inserted into it. Also, one transposon may disable multiple gene products of varying essentiality (like in alternatively spliced genes). An essential gene could also function normally with a transposable element inside it, which could result in a false negative error.[1][9][12]
mRNA Disruption using Antisense RNA
Antisense RNA (asRNA) is a single strand of RNA that complementary to an mRNA inside a cell. When antisense RNA base pairs with mRNA, the mRNA is unable to be translated. Cells that can't survive in the presence of certain asRNAs indicate that the untranslated gene products bound by asRNA are essential to cellular survival. Antisense RNA disruption can only work is there is an adequate amount of mRNA to disrupt. Intracellular signaling polypeptides may not be targeted by asRNA disruption since they don't need to be highly expressed.[9][13]
Genome Reduction
One of the most straight forward approaches to determining a minimal gene set is to reduce the number of genes in a cells genome until it can no longer survive. This method would be able to definitively determine the essentiality of trans and cis regions of DNA inside a chromosome. Genome reduction would take a longer time to accomplish since determining a minimal gene set trough genome reduction involves, relatively, more trial and error than the other aforementioned mehtods. Current studies by Iwadate et. al. have shown that cells E. coli can live without 38.9% of its original genome removed.[7]
Genome Synthesis
Full genome synthesis involves synthesising a genome from scratch or building a genome from existing genes extracted from cells, then inserting the new genome into a cell. Genomic synthesis in the past has been restrictive because of the expense of synthesising DNA, but new methods for DNA assembly, such as new genomic synthesis methods and next-gen sequencing techniques, have reduced the cost of building a genome. The most visable research in the area of genome synthesis has been the has been the synthesis of an M. genitalium genome by Gibson et. al.[14]
Genome Reduction
One approach to creating more reliable, efficient host organisms for synthetic constructs is the reduction of the genome to eliminate extraneous genes, mutagenic mobile elements, and other unnecessary or destabilizing factors. This can be viewed as a form of reverse engineering of extant strains.
Systematic Genome Reduction
One natural approach to engineering strains with a reduced genome is to systematically identify and delete regions of the genome not necessary for host cell survival. Posfai et al. created the MDS strains (multiple deletion strains) by aligning the genomes of multiple genomes of E. coli, identifying regions which were absent in multiple strains, and deleting them via Lambda Red recombination. All IS elements were removed as well, lowering the mutation rate and increasing the stability of genetic constructs introduced into the cell. The strain had comparable growth rate compared to wild type.[6][2]
Ara et al. constructed a minimal version of the B. subtilis genome in 2007. [15] This strain had slightly decreased growth rate compared to wild-type, but displayed normal morphology and similar protein production capabilities.
Iwadate et al. in 2011 improved on the "CRS cassette method"[12] to remove up to 38.9% of E. coli's chromosome.[7]
Explanation of Methods used in Genome Reduction
One method used in 2002 by Kolisnychenko et al. involves the use of site-specific recombination to remove selected DNA from a genome. This method was used to delete DNA fragments anywhere from 7 to 82 kb in length.[6]
Selection for Reduced Genome
Long-term evolution of strains under the correct conditions could select for a genome of minimal size. Such conditions may include growth in rich media lacking sugars to favor the loss of biosynthetic pathways or sugar metabolism operons, growth in structured environments which favor a smaller cell, or growth under other conditions which favor the loss of unnecessary genes.
Minimal Genome Synthesis
For more details, see: DNA Assembly
Another approach is the synthesis of a minimal, designed genome from scratch using DNA synthesis technology and the transformation of this genome into cells to create a viable, novel, synthetic organism. This approach can be viewed as forward engineering of a novel organism, but would likely be informed by studies which determine the minimal set of genes necessary for a living organism.
Mycoplasma mycoides Synthesis
Gibson et al synthesized the first artificial cell by generating the Mycoplasma mycoides genome from digitized genome information and transforming it into Mycoplasma capricolum cells devoid of genomic information. These cells were capable of continuous self-replication and were identified by "watermarks" inserted in the genome. This technology could be utilized in the future to create cells with novel and useful properties from scratch.[16][14]
- Forster AC and Church GM. Towards synthesis of a minimal cell. Mol Syst Biol. 2006;2:45. DOI:10.1038/msb4100090 |
- Pósfai G, Plunkett G 3rd, Fehér T, Frisch D, Keil GM, Umenhoffer K, Kolisnychenko V, Stahl B, Sharma SS, de Arruda M, Burland V, Harcum SW, and Blattner FR. Emergent properties of reduced-genome Escherichia coli. Science. 2006 May 19;312(5776):1044-6. DOI:10.1126/science.1126439 |
- Hutchison CA, Peterson SN, Gill SR, Cline RT, White O, Fraser CM, Smith HO, and Venter JC. Global transposon mutagenesis and a minimal Mycoplasma genome. Science. 1999 Dec 10;286(5447):2165-9.
- Jewett MC and Forster AC. Update on designing and building minimal cells. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2010 Oct;21(5):697-703. DOI:10.1016/j.copbio.2010.06.008 |
K. Umenhoffer, T. Fehér, G. Balikó, F. Ayaydin, J. Pósfai, F. R Blattner, and G. Pósfai. Reduced evolvability of Escherichia coli MDS42, an IS-less cellular chassis for molecular and synthetic biology applications. Microb Cell Fact. 2010; 9: 38
- Kolisnychenko V, Plunkett G 3rd, Herring CD, Fehér T, Pósfai J, Blattner FR, and Pósfai G. Engineering a reduced Escherichia coli genome. Genome Res. 2002 Apr;12(4):640-7. DOI:10.1101/gr.217202 |
- Kolisnychenko V, Plunkett G 3rd, Herring CD, Fehér T, Pósfai J, Blattner FR, and Pósfai G. Engineering a reduced Escherichia coli genome. Genome Res. 2002 Apr;12(4):640-7. DOI:10.1101/gr.217202 |
- Iwadate Y, Honda H, Sato H, Hashimoto M, and Kato J. Oxidative stress sensitivity of engineered Escherichia coli cells with a reduced genome. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2011 Sep;322(1):25-33. DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02331.x |
- May T and Okabe S. Enterobactin is required for biofilm development in reduced-genome Escherichia coli. Environ Microbiol. 2011 Dec;13(12):3149-62. DOI:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02607.x |
- Kobayashi K, Ehrlich SD, Albertini A, Amati G, Andersen KK, Arnaud M, Asai K, Ashikaga S, Aymerich S, Bessieres P, Boland F, Brignell SC, Bron S, Bunai K, Chapuis J, Christiansen LC, Danchin A, Débarbouille M, Dervyn E, Deuerling E, Devine K, Devine SK, Dreesen O, Errington J, Fillinger S, Foster SJ, Fujita Y, Galizzi A, Gardan R, Eschevins C, Fukushima T, Haga K, Harwood CR, Hecker M, Hosoya D, Hullo MF, Kakeshita H, Karamata D, Kasahara Y, Kawamura F, Koga K, Koski P, Kuwana R, Imamura D, Ishimaru M, Ishikawa S, Ishio I, Le Coq D, Masson A, Mauël C, Meima R, Mellado RP, Moir A, Moriya S, Nagakawa E, Nanamiya H, Nakai S, Nygaard P, Ogura M, Ohanan T, O'Reilly M, O'Rourke M, Pragai Z, Pooley HM, Rapoport G, Rawlins JP, Rivas LA, Rivolta C, Sadaie A, Sadaie Y, Sarvas M, Sato T, Saxild HH, Scanlan E, Schumann W, Seegers JF, Sekiguchi J, Sekowska A, Séror SJ, Simon M, Stragier P, Studer R, Takamatsu H, Tanaka T, Takeuchi M, Thomaides HB, Vagner V, van Dijl JM, Watabe K, Wipat A, Yamamoto H, Yamamoto M, Yamamoto Y, Yamane K, Yata K, Yoshida K, Yoshikawa H, Zuber U, and Ogasawara N. Essential Bacillus subtilis genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Apr 15;100(8):4678-83. DOI:10.1073/pnas.0730515100 |
- Lagesen K, Ussery DW, and Wassenaar TM. Genome update: the 1000th genome--a cautionary tale. Microbiology. 2010 Mar;156(Pt 3):603-8. DOI:10.1099/mic.0.038257-0 |
C. M. Trepod,J. E. Mott. Elucidation of Essential and Nonessential Genes in the Haemophilus influenzae Rd Cell Wall Biosynthetic Pathway by Targeted Gene Disruption Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005 February; 49(2): 824–826
J. Kato, M. Hashimoto. Construction of consecutive deletions of the Escherichia coli chromosome Molecular Systems Biology 3; Article number 132
- Ji Y, Zhang B, Van SF, Horn, Warren P, Woodnutt G, Burnham MK, and Rosenberg M. Identification of critical staphylococcal genes using conditional phenotypes generated by antisense RNA. Science. 2001 Sep 21;293(5538):2266-9. DOI:10.1126/science.1063566 |
- Gibson DG, Glass JI, Lartigue C, Noskov VN, Chuang RY, Algire MA, Benders GA, Montague MG, Ma L, Moodie MM, Merryman C, Vashee S, Krishnakumar R, Assad-Garcia N, Andrews-Pfannkoch C, Denisova EA, Young L, Qi ZQ, Segall-Shapiro TH, Calvey CH, Parmar PP, Hutchison CA 3rd, Smith HO, and Venter JC. Creation of a bacterial cell controlled by a chemically synthesized genome. Science. 2010 Jul 2;329(5987):52-6. DOI:10.1126/science.1190719 |
- Ara K, Ozaki K, Nakamura K, Yamane K, Sekiguchi J, and Ogasawara N. Bacillus minimum genome factory: effective utilization of microbial genome information. Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 2007 Mar;46(Pt 3):169-78. DOI:10.1042/BA20060111 |
- Gibson DG, Benders GA, Andrews-Pfannkoch C, Denisova EA, Baden-Tillson H, Zaveri J, Stockwell TB, Brownley A, Thomas DW, Algire MA, Merryman C, Young L, Noskov VN, Glass JI, Venter JC, Hutchison CA 3rd, and Smith HO. Complete chemical synthesis, assembly, and cloning of a Mycoplasma genitalium genome. Science. 2008 Feb 29;319(5867):1215-20. DOI:10.1126/science.1151721 |


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Wen-Chi ChengAlumni, Class of 1991
Vicky Cheng has near 20 years experience in International and Multicultural marketing, and the Asian American Community Outreach. She carried out major roles in various corporations for the global Chinese market.
Currently, Vicky is running her own consulting service Vicky Cheng LLC to facilitate greater China region related financing transaction. For six years, Vicky was the Co-Director of the Business Outreach Center, a seven-office network assisting multicultural businesses in New York Metro to resource assistance. Because of her dedicated work, she helped to create thousands of jobs for New York State. She also hosted the first entrepreneur-training course targeting new media businesses in the metropolitan area. With her community outreach capability, she also assisted Fleet Bank (currently Bank of America) to successfully develop the Asian American market since 1999. Vicky also serves as Vice President at Asian American Business Development Center to oversee the SBA funded New Majority Business LINC program.
Ms. Cheng has in-depth understanding of marketing tactics for both sides of Pacific Ocean of the global Chinese market. She is helping ETTV, the largest Taiwan TV network; established their footprint in the US. She also had contributed her talents to TOTO Communication Group New York, Regal International Advertising Inc. (DDB Needham Worldwide affiliate) Taipei, Taiwan to serve multinational clients. In addition to the traditional media, she was also involved in new media development since early 1990's with Edwin Schlossberg Inc. One of the earliest new media design firm in the US. She has assisted Sina.com, the largest Chinese language web site to establish a New York office.
Ms. Cheng was born in Taiwan and has lived in New York since 1989. She received her Master Degree from New York University, Interactive Telecommunications Program with the honor of Dean's List and Award of Design of Aesthetics. Vicky is fluent in Mandarin, Taiwanese and English.


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Requirements for the Master's Degree
In addition to the requirements described below, individual programs may have their own specific requirements. Students must read and familiarize themselves with their program's requirements. Some of them are detailed in this catalogue under individual program listings and other requirements are available from the director or chairperson of each program.
Master's degrees require a minimum of thirty hours of credit; some programs require more. A minimum of fifteen graded credits used in compilation of the graduate GPA must be taken in residence at UVM. Consult individual program descriptions for specific credit requirements. In programs that require a thesis, the number of credits earned in thesis research may vary by program between six (minimum) and fifteen (maximum). Thesis credit is included as part of the 30-hour minimum. With the prior approval of their program and the Graduate College, students may apply one 100/200 level, three-credit undergraduate course toward their graduate program. The student's advisor must petition the Graduate College for approval before the student enrolls in the course. Consult individual programs for further limitations. Under no circumstances will a course numbered below 100 be applicable to a master's program.
Minimum Residence Requirements
Candidates for the master's degree must satisfactorily complete twenty-one credits in residence. The residency requirement is completed by courses that (1) are taken for graduate credit through the University of Vermont, and (2) are taken after the student has been admitted to the Graduate College. Some programs may require more than the above minimum hours in residence. Consult with the individual program.
Comprehensive Examination
All master's degree students are required to pass a written and/or oral comprehensive examination in their field of specialization. If both formats are used, satisfactory completion of the written examination is prerequisite to standing for the oral examination. All comprehensive examinations are taken on the University of Vermont campus in Burlington. One re-examination only is permitted for any failed comprehensive examination. The comprehensive examination is not the same as the oral thesis defense, and must be passed satisfactorily before defending the thesis. Consult individual program descriptions for specific information.
There is no fee for the Master's Comprehensive Examination. The student's program director or advisor must notify the Graduate College of the outcome of the examination. The result and date of the examination is recorded as a notation on the academic transcript.
Research and Thesis
If a thesis is required, the candidate for the master's degree undertakes a problem of original research under the supervision of a faculty member in the department of specialization. At the conclusion of the research, the student must present and defend successfully a thesis which embodies the results of the work and demonstrates the capability for independent research.
Thesis Defense Forms
Defense Committee Membership and Defense Notice forms must be submitted to the Graduate College by the designated deadlines. A Public Notice of the defense is required in order to defend. The Intent to Graduate form must be submitted to the candidate's department before the List of Potential Graduates is due.
Thesis Format
Students are required by the Graduate College to use a computer software program appropriate to the discipline to create the Table of Contents and the Lists of Tables and Figures from the thesis text headings.
The thesis must be prepared and submitted in compliance with the "Guidelines for Writing a Thesis or Dissertation" available from the Graduate College office. A formatted copy of the thesis must be submitted to the Graduate College for a Format/Record Check at least three weeks prior to the scheduled defense. Students must also provide defendable copies of the thesis to members of their thesis defense examination committee at least two weeks before the scheduled examination. Individual departments may require earlier deadlines.
Students must notify the Graduate College of the Thesis Defense prior to defending their thesis.
The oral defense of a thesis may be scheduled only after successful completion of the comprehensive examination and the submission of an original copy of the thesis to the Graduate College for a Format/Record Check.
Thesis Defense Examination Committee
The thesis defense examination committee consists of at least three University of Vermont faculty members, at least two of whom must be regular members of the Graduate Faculty. Ordinarily, two committee members will be from the candidate's program, including the thesis advisor. The third member, who acts as chair of the committee, must be a member of the Graduate Faculty, must be from a different program and department (including any secondary or adjunct appointments) than the candidate, and must be approved by the graduate dean upon nomination by the thesis advisor. For University-wide interdisciplinary programs, the chairperson must be outside the department of the candidate's advisor.
The chairperson of the thesis defense examination committee has the responsibility for ensuring proper conduct of the examination, appropriate documentation of the results, and that the signatures of endorsement are added to the acceptance page of the thesis following a successful defense.
The acceptability of the thesis is determined by the thesis defense examination committee. A grade of "S" or "U" is awarded. If a student's Defense Examination performance is not satisfactory, then only one reexamination is permitted.
After a successful thesis defense, candidates must forward an original and two copies of the corrected thesis to the Graduate College within the time period specified by the thesis defense examination committee, and/or the Graduate College.
Additional Requirements for the Master of Arts in Teaching
The MAT degree in Curriculum and Instruction is designed for students seeking licensure for middle school or high school teaching. The MAT degree in Greek and Latin is intended for people who are already licensed as secondary school teachers or who will complete teacher licensure requirements before graduation. For already licensed teachers, the program requires a minimum of thirty credits of course work; at least twenty-one credits in the field of specialization and at least six in education. For those seeking teacher licensure, the program requires at least thirty credits of education course work and at least twenty-one credits in the field of specialization. The individual program of study for each MAT student must be approved by their faculty advisor in their field of specialization and their faculty advisor in the Department of Education.
In addition to the comprehensive examination in the field of specialization, students must also take a comprehensive examination in the field of education.
Additional Requirement for the Master of Science for Teachers
Applicants for the Master of Science for Teachers must be licensed teachers. Students in a Master of Science for Teachers Program may apply more than one three-credit, 100-level course toward their degree. Consult specific department listings for additional requirements and policies related to this degree program.


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I think Joe was hiding something...
Judge Joe Slagle: Chapter Three: His First Five Wives (1832-1851)
Joe Slagle came to Missouri in 1839 from Ohio and sold goods at Cox's Mill, which he bought soon afterward. The mill was on Medicine Creek, then the only water mill in Northwest Missouri. A family source written in 1890 indicates that his property suffered a devastating fire in 1845 and Joe had to rebuild. No other details were provided.
In 1846 he was elected to the official bench of the county and served until about 1850. Joe was also a justice of the peace for many years and officiated at numerous weddings. He was one of the largest property holders in Livingston County, having in his possession some 1,400 acres of land.
As stated in Chapter Two, the "Official 1886 History" was sanctioned by Joe himself and does not match well with other reliable sources on certain key information. Some of these sources were early genealogy accounts and official Livingston County records from that time. Also some dates on the Slagle Cemetery markers are simply not correct; which doesn't help matters either.
The following is my current understanding about Joe's first five wives (consorts) and children born of each union. Also included is my pure speculation as to whether Joe aided and abetted the demise of any of these wives. Since there was never any proof of wrongdoing, why suggest that he may have murdered some or all? Read what follows for my rationale and you decide. Also note where the first three wives came from!
First wife, on January 27, 1832 he married Catherine Long of Greene County, Ohio; she died June 8, 1841. They had five children:America V. (1835-1853), she never married. Incorrectly listed as a consort of Joe on a cemetery marker. Columbus G. (1836-1906), he married Emma and had two children; although he was the first born son and likely would have assumed the farm/mill operation, he studied medicine and became a prominent surgeon and lecturer in Minneapolis. London E. (1838-1843), he died at age five. Julia A. (1839-1860), she married James Belshe (a prominent Grundy County farmer) and had two children before dying at twenty-two. Joseph H. (1840-1842), he was the first of three boys to be named after Joe. Only Joseph L. (from wife number six) lived to majority.
Catherine had five kids in less than ten years and probably helped run the farm/mill enterprise as well.
Was foul play involved? It's not likely.
On the frontier, women were considered to be little more than brood mares. They were expected to work alongside their men and have lots of babies. A man that lived beyond sixty in those days typically had three wives.
Second wife, on November 22, 1843 he married Miss Catherine Stone of Greene County, Ohio; she died less than a year later on August 24, 1844. They had no known children.
Was foul play involved? It's possible.
Third wife, on May 5, 1845 he married Miss Sarah Littlepage of Greene County, Ohio; she died in September, 1847. This marriage produced two children:Henry, who after clinging to life for two weeks died 4/28/1845; just days before their marriage. Susan Catherine was born two weeks before Sarah passed. Clearly, Sarah had problems giving birth. Susan lived to be 95 years old and had eight children by William Turner of Grundy County.
Was foul play involved? It's not likely.
Fourth wife, in 1848 he married Elizabeth Crawford of Quincy, Illinois; she died at twenty-two on 8/7/1849. They had a son Joseph who died in infancy. There is a very small and weathered marker in the cemetery with simply an inscription "Joseph Slagle."
Was foul play involved? It's possible.
Fifth wife, on May 4, 1851 the records of Livingston County indicate that he married twenty-one year old Elizabeth Crawford of Livingston County. Yes, she was the half-sister of his fourth wife and was also named Elizabeth Crawford! Remember that Mason Crawford had more than twenty children, thirteen by his first wife.
Her half-brother (Benjamin Collins) was murdered in cold blood by Joe in early 1853. This story will be covered in Chapter Four of this series: "Dead Men Tell No Tales."
Incidentally, after a Livingston County land transaction between Elizabeth Crawford II and four men named Collins in Sept of 1853 ---I find no record of her existence in ensuing years!
There is no indication that any children were born of this marriage. Of course, this wife was not buried with the first four as Joe chose not to mention her in the official 1886 history. In my opinion, he deemed wife number four to be "Miss Crawford" in that book to inject a bit of confusion.
Was foul play involved? It's more than likely.
Once again, in my opinion Joe was hiding something. He emptied both barrels of his shotgun into an unarmed banjo player who was on his way to California (Benjamin Collins.) Benjamin knew too much and was a talker.
Know this, Joe could not have foreseen the technology we have today with ready access to public records and the relentless pursuit of the truth by millions of people doing genealogy. For that matter, no one else in that day could have envisioned our world either; well, maybe Jules Verne.
To be continued


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This is the inflatable course that challenges competitors to navigate a series of military-style obstacles befitting a first week of boot camp. A mammoth structure at 85'-long, the course begins with two portholes that must be jumped through--successful clearance positions runners in front of three horizontal hurdles that can be overcome from above or below. Three "hedgehog" obstacles slow momentum if poorly navigated, increasing the difficulty of clearing the ensuing obstacle--a 16'-high rope swing. Two knotted ropes enable two runners up to 250 lbs. to swing over an 6'-long x 12"-deep pit, which is sealed to accept water, plastic balls, or foam blocks (not included). Knocking aside three stanchions gains entry into a matrix of elastic bands that simulate a laser field. Runners complete the final challenge by climbing a hill and sliding the remaining 20' to victory and ultimate exhaustion. Four air pumps that plug into AC with 25' cords inflate the course in 10 minutes. Includes stakes and tethers for securing to ground. 85' L x 12' W x 16' H. (1,175 lbs.)
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Elder and Sister Peterson ended their mission for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in Pratt and returned home to Idaho last week>
Bruce and Jolynn Peterson, better known as Elder and Sister Peterson, loaded up their vehicle last Friday and headed west toward their home in Mountain Home, Idaho. The Petersons served a 1 ½ year mission for the Church of Jesus of Latter Day Saints. Many retired couples, like the Petersons, opt to spend a portion of their post-retirement this way—in service where they are needed.
That's how the Petersons moved into town on a hot August day in 2011. Since they arrived in Pratt, they have served not only members of the local church but also the community. Sister Peterson served as the local coordinator for Red Cross Blood drives for over a year. Elder and Sister Peterson helped weekly at the library and delivered Meals on Wheels. Besides teaching lessons and serving in the local church, they also taught the message of the restored gospel of Jesus Christ to anyone who was interested.
It was with some sadness that the couple departed town last Friday. Both told me how much they had come to love the people of this area. So long, Elder and Sister Peterson. All of us back here in Pratt wish you a happy reunion with your children and grandchildren and hope that you are able to make good on your promise to surprise us by showing up in town again one day.


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REDDING, Calif. — State officials who are putting together a new wildlife management plan say they understand the value of proper grazing.
While "over-grazing" can be a threat to the habitat that critical species depend on, grazing managed correctly can benefit wildlife, acknowledged Richard Shinn, an environmental scientist and wildlife biologist for the California Department of Fish and Wildlife.
"In my opinion grazing, if you do it right, is a real benefit, but if you do it wrong it's a problem," Shinn said in an interview. "I've seen grazing used as a tool (to help wildlife), but I've also seen the opposite."
Kurt Malchow, another environmental scientist for the agency, agrees.
"The state welcomes grazing practices that benefit habitats," he said, adding that it can be a crucial component of conservation efforts "when done in balance."
The officials were holding a workshop here Nov. 12 on the updated State Wildlife Action Plan, which officials say will analyze threats and stresses to habitat by region, consider potential climate change impacts and recommend conservation actions.
An early outline of the new plan has drawn fire from the California Cattlemen's Association and California Farm Bureau Federation, which expressed concerns about language that lists "livestock farming and ranching" as a potential threat to habitat in some regions. The groups fear the language could lead to more restrictions on grazing.
"We are in a very preliminary stage" of developing the plan, Malchow told about 40 people in a Turtle Bay Exploration Park classroom here. "We want to share with you the process for how we come up with strategies for wildlife management."
The meeting was one of the last in a series of workshops Fish and Wildlife have held throughout the state in recent weeks to discuss its new wildlife plan, which is required for obtaining federal funding for the department. The plan was last updated in 2005.
Farm groups want the new plan, which will be finalized in 2015, to recognize that science has shown in recent years that proper grazing activities are beneficial. About 40 million acres is grazed in California, nearly 40 percent of the state's total land mass, and most of it is privately owned, according to the state Farm Bureau.
Rancher Bill Flournoy of Likely, Calif., who attended the meeting, said in an interview he understood that "overgrazing" can harm species.
"Sound grazing actually provides a lot of benefit to wildlife," he said, adding that the land was healthier 50 years ago when more cattle were grazing away the non-native grasses.
Quartz Valley, Calif., rancher John Menke expressed similar misgivings about language listing logging as a threat to forests. He said logging actually creates habitat for deer. As for livestock farming, he said cattle trampling soil actually help vernal pools hold water longer.
The former University of California-Berkeley and Davis professor said the biggest benefit from grazing is to be rid of non-native grasses.
"These grasses are so tall, they shade out wildflowers and other grasses," he said.
California State Wildlife Action Plan: http://www.dfg.ca.gov/swap/


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Barb Sell of Sand Creek said she has always been a book lover and book owner.
That's part of the reason why, when she left the Lenawee County Library in September 2008 after 31 years of running the library's Bookmobile, Sell thought about opening a library in Sand Creek.
Sell, who grew up in Sand Creek, also recognized that many small communities such as Sand Creek, which are not officially villages or cities, don't have a means to create their own library.
"The only way that we could have a library is for somebody to do it," Sell said.
Fortunately for Sell, she had both a place for the library — her father's former hardware store in Sand Creek — and her own large collection of books, which she began to inventory soon after she left the county library.
"I discovered that I had more than 12,000 of my own books," Sell said.
Sell's father, Leslie Sell, who died in 1983, built the building at 6193 Railroad St. in Sand Creek in the early-to-mid 1940s, Sell said. He ran a hardware store there until 1982, when he sold it to someone who kept it open a couple more years. The building remained unused after that, Sell said.
"I cleaned it out and converted it," Sell said.
The conversion, really a remodeling, included new siding on the outside of the building and new oak shelving on the inside, she said. The building even has a gas fireplace.
With a combination of her own books, donated books and a four-person board, the Read it and Reap Library opened Oct. 21.
Sell said she chose the name because she heard the phrase somewhere and liked it, and because Sand Creek is a farming community.
The book collection includes adult fiction and nonfiction, children's and teenage books and a section of vintage books published more than 50 years ago. Sell estimates there are about 15,000 books in the library now.
The library works like any other library, with books available for lending, Sell said. While the library has Wi-Fi, it does not yet have its own computer, so checkout is by the old card method with a card pocket in the book, she said.
The library is open to anyone for free, she said, though she doubts anyone outside Lenawee County is likely to use it. So far, the library has about 127 card holders, Sell said.
Sell is especially proud that the Lenawee County Family Researchers, a genealogy group, has its own corner in the library where members keep their collection of resource materials.
Most of the time, Sell serves as librarian, though she gets help from some volunteer staff. Michele Blain-Olson is president of the library board and a volunteer. The library is able to offer personalized service that might not be available at a larger library, she said.
"We are there to serve this local community," Blain-Olson said. "We are close to our community."
The library is open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Saturday and is closed on Sunday.
Sell said she is funding the day-to-day library expenses. The library has applied for charitable organization tax status so it can seek business and other donations, she said.
Sell said she thinks other people shared her desire for a library.
"I think there were other people hoping for their kids to have a library," she said.
New library opens in Sand Creek
Barb Sell of Sand Creek said she has always been a book lover and book owner.


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- Home >
- Two Hands, Lily's Garden Shiraz, 2008
"What we like about the business is that 'fine' doesn't just mean famous. The first growths and their ilk are here, but in company with some excellent, less well-known, sometimes very limited production wines and often at what seem very reasonable prices."
The Wine Gang, thewinegang.com
"The range is excellent and I don't just mean that they go right to the very top. There's something for everyone, whether you want mature first-growth Bordeaux or a little known gem from an estate that's been in the same family for generations and which you'd be hard-pushed to find anywhere else other than at the cellar door. I'm always finding things I want to try on Cadman's list."
Joanna Simon, joannasimon.com


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To see an animated version of this procedure, click Procedure InMotion.
A biopsy is a procedure to remove a tissue sample. In a fine needle biopsy (FNB), fluid and cells are removed with a thin, hollow needle.
Reasons for Procedure
This biopsy is used to evaluate organ or tumor tissue. The sample may show abnormal cells, disease, infection, or inflammation.
FNB may also be done to find out how certain treatments are working.
Possible Complications
Complications are rare, but no procedure is completely free of risk. The potential complications will depend on the location of the biopsy. Your doctor will review a list of possible complications, which may include:
- Bleeding
- Bruise where the needle was inserted
- Pain after the procedure
- Infection
Factors that may increase the risk of complications include:
- Smoking
- Certain medications that increase the risk of bleeding
What to Expect
Prior to Procedure
Ask your doctor if there are any instructions you should follow before the procedure. Depending on the part of the body that the biopsy is being taken from, your doctor may ask you to:
- Arrange for a ride home.
- Have routine blood work.
Talk to your doctor about your medications. You may be asked to stop taking some medications up to one week before the procedure.
Just before the test, you may be asked to drink a contrast material. This drink will make images clearer on x-rays or CT scans.
Local anesthesia is often used. It will make the area numb. A sedative may also be used to help you relax.
Description of the Procedure
Your doctor may use images of the inside of your body to help guide the needle. This may be done with an ultrasound, x-ray, or CT scan.
You will be positioned for the easiest access to the area for biopsy. The area where the needle will be inserted will be cleaned. Anesthesia will be applied to numb the area. You will be asked to stay still. A thin, hollow needle will then be inserted through the skin to the site. The needle may need to be inserted more than once. The images may be checked to make sure the needle is in the right place. After the needle is in the proper position, tissue or fluid will be withdrawn. You may feel a pinch, pressure, or nothing at all. After the sample is obtained, the needle will be removed. The site will be bandaged.
How Long Will It Take?
The length of procedure will depend on the site that is sampled:
- Simple biopsy of a site that is close to the surface of the skin: a few minutes in most cases
- Deeper biopsy or one that is guided by an ultrasound or CT scan: 30-90 minutes
Will It Hurt?
The amount of discomfort you feel depends on the part of the body that is being examined. The anesthesia and sedative will prevent pain. You may feel a pinch or pressure. If you feel pain, tell the doctor right away.
After the procedure, the site will be tender. Talk to your doctor about medication to help manage discomfort.
Post-procedure Care
The sample will be examined by a specialist. The results are usually ready in a few days. Your doctor will talk to you about the results.
Call Your Doctor
Contact your doctor if your recovery is not progressing as expected or you develop complications, such as:
- Signs of infection, including fever and chills
- Pain, redness, swelling, heat, discharge, or a red streak in the area of the needle insertion
- Cough, shortness of breath, or chest pain
- New or unexpected symptoms
If you think you have an emergency, call for emergency medical services right away.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review BoardMohei Abouzied, MD
- Review Date: 03/2017 -
- Update Date: 03/18/2013 -


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Friends and youth team coached by Bowe Cleveland sign messages of support.
The Rec lent is lending its support to efforts aimed at helping the community heal in the aftermath of the campus shooting that shocked the community.
Administrators at the West Side Recreation and Park District opened their facilities on Cascade Place free to the entire community to provide an escape from the tension and anxiety that has gripped the town and especially Taft High School.
Part of the plan included turning an activity room into an arena for expressions of well wishes for victim Bowe Cleveland and the three courageous adults – science teacher Ryan Heber and campus supervisors Kim Fields and Mary Miller – who used words to disarm the shooter.
And, the Taft High varsity boys' basketball team stepped in Saturday morning to put on a clinic for the youth basketball team Cleveland coaches.
Kai Schoneweis, a Taft College student who is Cleveland's assistant coach, talked about his friend.
"He's the kind of person who makes sure everything is done right," he said. "He never uses a harsh word. He's so much bigger than the kids, but he's so gentle with them."
(Cleveland is 6-foot-2 and weighs about 280 pounds.)
Schoneweis agreed with efforts to bring about healing. He wants everyone to move forward but not forget.
"It's not good to dwell on the bad stuff – on what happened," he said. "We need to forgive the bad things without forgetting what happened."
As he watched the Wildcat basketball team put the Knicks through a spirited clinic, he clutched a poster on which he and his players wrote messages to their coach, who recovers in the intensive care unit at Kern Medical Center after having surgery.
While the clinic was going on, students milled around in the nearby activity room using brightly colored felt pens to write messages on posters wishing Cleveland a speedy recover and praising Heber, Fields and Miller.
Some of the posters had photos.
The overriding theme of the posters dedicated to Cleveland focused on his fascination with superhero Spiderman.
One read: "Stan Lee meet Bowe, Taft's Spiderman!" Lee is the creator of the superhero.
"Taft Hero" was the title on posters directed at Heber, Fields and Miller.
"That's the real story here," Schoneweis said.
As each poster filled with messages, it was hung on the wall.
It marked the first time that Miller had publicly joined the hero's club. In the immediate aftermath of the shooting only Heber and Fields were recognized, but students who were there in the classroom with Cleveland say Miller played a role too.
Steven Gee, one of the Wildcat basketball players helping with the clinic and one of the students in the line of fire in that classroom, acknowledged Miller's contribution in preventing further bloodshed.
He said investigators from the FBI and sheriff's department who interrogated each of the 28 students in Heber's earth science class told them not to talk publicly about what happened.
A senior, Gee has signed a letter of intent to play baseball at Cal State Bakersfield.


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The aorta is the main artery carrying oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body. Aortic coarctation is the narrowing of the aorta which slows or blocks the blood flow. It is often associated with other heart and vascular conditions, like abnormal heart valves or blood vessel outpouching. These conditions carry a risk of additional future problems.
Aortic coarctation is a congenital heart defect, which means it is present at birth. It occurs because of a problem with the development of the aorta while the fetus in the womb.
Risk Factors
Men are at increased risk. Other factors that increase your chances of having aortic coarctation include:
- Turner syndrome
- Family history of aortic coarctation
Aortic coarctation may or may not have symptoms. Symptoms may include:
- Cold legs and feet
- Shortness of breath, especially with exercise
- Lightheadedness
- Leg cramps after exercise
- Headaches
- Fatigue
- Nosebleeds
- Fainting
- Chest pain
You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.
Images may be taken of your internal structures. This can be done with:
Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Treatment options include the following:
The narrow section of the aorta can be removed surgically. The 2 healthy ends can be reconnected.
Balloon Angioplasty
A tiny catheter tube is inserted into a blood vessel in the leg and threaded up to the aorta. There, a balloon is inflated to expand the narrow area. A stent may be placed to keep the area open.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review BoardMichael J. Fucci, DO
- Review Date: 03/2017 -
- Update Date: 03/18/2013 -


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To see an animated version of this procedure, click Procedure InMotion .
Lumpectomy is the removal of part of the breast. It is considered a breast-conserving surgery.
Lumpectomy may be combined with a procedure to sample lymph nodes in the area (axillary dissection or sentinel node biopsy).
Reasons for Procedure
This procedure is done to treat breast cancer.
Possible Complications
Problems from the procedure are rare, but all procedures have some risk. Your doctor will review potential problems, like:
- Accumulation of blood in the wound
- Accumulation of clear fluid in the wound
- Lymphedema—swelling of the arm caused by accumulation of fluid in lymph nodes
- Infection
- Numbness of the nipple or underarm skin
- Change in the size and/or shape of the breast
- Blood clots
- Reaction to anesthesia
Some factors that may increase the risk of complications include:
- Obesity
- Poor nutrition
- Smoking
- Recent or long-term illness
- Use of certain medications
- Characteristics of the tumor to be removed
What to Expect
Prior to Procedure
Your doctor will likely do the following:
- Physical exam
- Mammogram
- Fine needle biopsy to test the breast tissue for cancer
- Blood and urine tests
- Wire-localization procedure—if the tumor was visible on mammogram, but is not able to be felt, the doctor will use a wire to mark the tumor
Talk to your doctor about your medications. You may be asked to stop taking some medications up to 1 week before the procedure.
Do not eat or drink anything for 8-12 hours before surgery, unless your doctor tells you otherwise.
General anesthesia—you will be asleep during the procedure
Description of Procedure
A small cut will be made in the breast. The tumor will be cut out, along with some of the surrounding tissue. Another incision near the armpit may be made so that lymph nodes can be removed. The nipple and areola will not be removed. Plastic tubes for drainage may be inserted. The incisions will be closed with stitches.
Immediately After Procedure
Right after the procedure, you will be in a recovery room where your blood pressure, pulse, and breathing will be monitored. Recovery may also include:
- Pain medications
- Antibiotics to prevent infection
- Medication to prevent blood clots
Removed tissue will be examined. The findings may determine if any further surgery is needed. If you had cancer and it has spread, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy may be needed.
How Long Will It Take?
About 1-3 hours
Will It Hurt?
Anesthesia will prevent pain during the procedure. Pain and discomfort after the procedure can be managed with medications.
Postoperative Care
The breast may change in size or shape after lumpectomy. There may be local skin discoloration from dye used to localize lymph nodes for biopsy. The dye may also discolor your urine for a short time after surgery.
Self-care measures and medications will help ease discomfort. Activity may be restricted for up to 1 month, but complete rest is not necessary. The care staff will help you with exercises to help maintain arm strength and prevent lymphedema. To prevent infection at the incision site, follow instructions on how to clean and care for the wound.
Call Your Doctor
Contact your doctor if your recovery is not progressing as expected or you develop complications, such as:
- Signs of infection, including fever and chills
- Redness, swelling, increasing pain, excessive bleeding, or discharge from the incision site
- If you have drains, report any problems that your doctor has discussed with you
- Oozing or discharge from nipples on either breast
- A lump, redness, or swelling in either breast
- If lymph nodes were removed: redness, warmth, swelling, stiffness, or hardness in the arm or hand
- Persistent nausea and/or vomiting
- Pain that you cannot control with the medications you've been given
- Cough, shortness of breath, or chest pain
- Pain and/or swelling in your feet, calves, or legs
- Symptoms of depression that last at least 2 weeks or longer
- New or unexpected symptoms
If you think you have an emergency, call for medical help right away.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: Donald Buck, MD
- Review Date: 11/2015 -
- Update Date: 12/20/2014 -


text:
Lean/Kanban company LeanKit has launched new features designed to allow large enterprise projects to be managed using multiple levels of drill-down Kanban boards, detailed taskboards, and roll-up Lean metrics. A "complete overhaul" of the LeanKit user interface has also been undertaken.
NOTE: Kanban boards have evolved out of Japanese kanban cards (first used to explain the relationship between manufacturing and distribution) to now symbolize the passage of workflow items as they progress from "to do" or "awaiting", through "work in progress" and onward to "done" or "completed".
LeanKit Kanban is designed to allow programmers and team leaders (and any user in fact) to model their processes as lanes on a whiteboard with cards representing work flowing from step to step. Users on one board will be able to delegate a card to a team on another board, where they can break it down into however many smaller pieces they need — each of which is connected as a "child" to the "parent" card.
For example, an organization might have a portfolio board where each card represents a project. This board would be for the executive team to view the company project roadmap. They can then delegate each project card to a project team board where the project manager and team leads will break it into smaller work items like deliverables, risks, and issues.
Those work items can then be delegated further, to the boards of the actual teams who will do the work. Each specific team's board might contain work delegated to them from several different project boards plus routine non-project work for that group. At each level, users can view snapshot metrics for any card that has been delegated to another board, letting them quickly see how well the work is progressing on that other board. And, while this example describes three levels of hierarchy, there's no system limit to the number of levels that may be drilled down — and cards can just as easily be delegated from one peer team to another.
Finally, users on any board will be able to create one or more taskboards inside each card to keep track of the smaller work items required to complete the main card; for example, making phone calls, scheduling meetings, getting paperwork approved, etc. The kinds of things that need to be tracked, but teams don't want cluttering the main board. Any card that contains a taskboard will show a percent complete indicator on its front to show that there's a taskboard inside and how well those tasks are progressing.


text:
Composition with Blue and Yellow
Piet Mondrian, Dutch, 1872 - 1944
Oil on canvasDimensions:
16 3/8 x 13 1/8 inches (41.6 x 33.3 cm)Curatorial Department:
European Painting
1952-61-88Credit Line:
A. E. Gallatin Collection, 1952
Oil on canvasDimensions:
16 3/8 x 13 1/8 inches (41.6 x 33.3 cm)Curatorial Department:
European Painting
* Gallery 180, Modern and Contemporary Art, first floorAccession Number:
1952-61-88Credit Line:
A. E. Gallatin Collection, 1952
Social Tags [?]conceptualism [x] destijl [x] primary colors [x] purity [x] utopian [x]
[Add Your Own Tags]
Explore the Collections
ProvenancePurchased from the artist by A. E. Gallatin, New York, c. June 1, 1933 [1]; bequest to PMA, 1952. 1. See letter from Mondrian to Gallatin, dated June 1, 1933: "[...] Je viens de reçevoir votre chèque dont je vous remercie beaucoup. [...] Demain le cadre du tableau sera ici et je vous l'apporterai" (Gallatin Papers, New-York Historical Society, microfilm; see also letter of June 5, 1933, to Carola Giedion-Welcker, quoted in Joop Joosten, Piet Mondrian: Catalogue Raisonné, 1998, v. 2, p. 365).
* Works in the collection are moved off view for many different reasons. Although gallery locations on the website are updated regularly, there is no guarantee that this object will be on display on the day of your visit.


text:
Free kidney screenings aim to spot problems early
03/11/2013 8:25amHow healthy are your kidneys? Experts say not enough people know the answer, so they're encouraging Utahns to participate in free screenings this month.
New charges filed against ex-Helper mayor
03/11/2013 9:46amHelper city's former mayor has been charged with two misdemeanors following his arrest last month for investigation of his third DUI.
Fatal pedestrian accidents up 15% from 2010 to 2011, DPS says
03/11/2013 11:13amThe year 2011 wasn't a good year for Utah's pedestrians; fatal accidents involving a car and a pedestrian accounted for 14 percent of crash-related fatalities, reaching the highest rate since 2002. That's a 15 percent increase.
Comet Pan-STARRS could be visible in coming nights
03/11/2013 11:25amA rare sight could be shaping up for Utah skies in the next few nights, a comet that might be — just might be — visible with the naked eye.
Vending machines need face lift for Obamacare regulations
03/11/2013 11:29amStarting in April, vending machines will be required to be transparent with nutrition information and labels, even if the vending machine doesn't currently have the capability.
Man tased, arrested in triple murder investigation; allegedly provided getaway car
03/11/2013 11:36amA second man wanted in connection with a triple homicide a month ago didn't surrender without putting up a fight Sunday.
Ask a Cop: How do I become a cop?
03/11/2013 11:58amOfficer Anonymous explains how you can get a career in law enforcement and some of his own experiences becoming a police officer. Please send questions to firstname.lastname@example.com
Pleasant Grove baker wins 'Cupcake Wars'
03/11/2013 12:46pmAlisha Nuttall's sweet treats earned her a winner's spot among "Cupcake War" contestants Sunday.
Fire at BYU Bean Museum causes minor damage
03/11/2013 2:36pmA small fire caused minor damage to an under-construction addition to BYU's Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum Monday morning.
Cop impersonator robbery likely connected to October incident
03/11/2013 3:11pmPolice believe a robbery in October is likely connected to a second robbery in Sandy last week.
Utah law program leads country-wide effort to place students; provide legal services
03/11/2013 4:07pmA recent New York Times article highlighted the efforts of Arizona State University's efforts to start a law practice that would be staffed by students. The model, according to the University of Utah, follows the one they 14 months ago with their University Law Group.
Arrest made in West Valley shooting that left man dead
03/11/2013 4:48pmPolice have arrested a suspect in a Sunday shooting that left one man dead inside a West Valley City home.
Non-discrimination law likely won't be addressed this year in Senate
03/11/2013 5:28pmA proposed statewide non-discrimination law likely won't be debated on the Senate floor before the gavel comes down on the Utah Legislature late Thursday night.
Ogden police shoot, kill dog during burglary investigation
03/11/2013 6:30pmOgden police say a dog was shot dead after it charged at officers during a burglary call.
2 stabbed during early morning fight; police arrest suspect
03/11/2013 6:47pmTwo people were treated at a local hospital after being stabbed during an argument early Saturday morning. Police say one man has been arrested in connection with the incident.
2 arrested for planting razor blade bits in Smith's doughnuts, police say
03/11/2013 7:04pmPolice say a couple who claimed they found razor blade pieces in the doughnuts they purchased, actually placed the razor blades in the pastries themselves before ingesting them.
Police look for man using counterfeit bills to scam businesses
03/11/2013 7:10pmPolice are looking to find a man they say has been counterfeiting $20 bills and using them to scam local businesses into giving him real cash over the last several weeks.
Sequester gets personal for Millcreek family
03/11/2013 7:55pmBudget cuts to a federal program put a stop to one Utah family's dream of owning their first home.
Groups call for veto of bill allowing concealed carriers to bypass permit process
03/11/2013 8:28pmGov. Gary Herbert was asked Monday to veto a bill that would allow concealed weapons to be carried without a permit.
House strikes down tax on e-cigarette and tobacco products
03/11/2013 8:57pmA bill that would have taxed tobacco products that aren't yet sold in Utah failed 29-44 in the House Monday.
Utah man traveling to every country in the world in record time
03/11/2013 10:35pmIt is the dream of many to see the world, but very few actually get the chance to make it their reality. A Utah man is living that fantasy, and he's inviting anyone willing to come along for the ride.
Parents claim U of U covered up coach's abusive behavior
03/11/2013 11:24pmAmid allegations of sexual abuse by University of Utah head swim coach Greg Winslow, former athletes and their parents are claiming the university knew of inappropriate behavior for years but failed to do anything to stop it.
Bills to watch as 2013 Legislature winds down
03/11/2013 11:42pmThe countdown is on at the Utah State Legislature: only 74 hours left in the 2013 general session. It promises to be an active three days, with more than 100 bills in play before the 2013 Legislature wraps on Thursday.
Night Baker finds strength, healing in blog readers
03/11/2013 11:45pmFor a Utah woman battling anorexia, sharing her story with the world ultimately helped save her life.
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Franke Aveta 1.0 Bowl Stone Grey Tectonite Kitchen Sink & Reginox Astoria Tap
This Stone Grey reversible sink from Franke's Kitchens range is made from sturdy tectonite. The Aveta is hard wearing and durable and is resistant to heat, scratches and stains. It has 1 bowl, a reversible drainer and comes without tap holes, so you can choose where to position your taps. (See bottom videos)
It's high resistance to staining, thermal shock and impact is due to the materials used in the sink manufacture, which produce a strong internal structure.
Add the Astoria a Reginox kitchen tap with a classy design that offers up a hard-wearing performance. As a monobloc kitchen tap, this model is easy to control and offers up even water pressure. The Astoria has been manufactured with high-grade materials that are guaranteed to last. As such, you can rely on this kitchen tap not to rust, corrode, chip or stain over time - ensuring that it maintains it appearance for years to come.
Franke Aveta 1.0 Bowl Stone Grey Tectonite Reversible Kitchen Sink
Material Tectonite
Number of bowls - 1 bowl
Sink dimensions - 970mm x 500mm
Bowl size - 490mm x 430mm x 200mm
Cut out required - 954mm x 484mm
Waste hole - 90mm
Reversible drainer
Waste kit included - Yes
Overflow Included - Yes
Minimum base unit - 600mm
Guarantee 50 years
Monobloc Design
U Shaped Spout
Swivel Spout
Supplied with Ceramic Disc Valves
Min Working Pressure - 0.5Bar
Max Working Pressure - 6.0Bar
High Pressure System Required
Overall Height : 340mm
Height to Under Spout : 270mm
Spout Reach : 200mm
Minimum Tap Hole Size : 35mm
Tap Base Size : 50mm
5 Year Warranty on Finish - 12 months Warranty on Parts
At Ship It Appliances, we aim to provide the best service possible. This includes providing free shipping on all of our appliances to 99% of the UK.
We aim to dispatch all orders received by 12 p.m. the same working day. Please contact our offices should you require any further assistance or advice.
The delivery company used will depend on the products purchased.
The delivery of smaller items such as cooker hoods, splashbacks, hobs, stainless steel and composite sinks, microwaves, table top fridges and freezers, taps and accessories:
* Next day delivery service between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. for orders placed before 12 p.m. on most of our products. Unfortunately, we are unable to provide specific time slots. However, the courier will email the customer with the tracking number for their order. The local courier depot can then be contacted on the day of delivery to acquire any further information regarding the delivery.
As a general rule, the deliveries must be signed for by the customer. However, if we are advised on any special delivery instructions at the time of the sale (e.g. leave the delivery in a safe place or with a neighbour) and a note can be left on the door for the delivery driver, they can follow these instructions. Please note that we are only able to advise our couriers on the instructions but we are not able to guarantee they will be followed. If the item is left with a neighbour/in a safe place as per customer's instructions, we cannot be held responsible for any loss or damage of goods.
* Next day delivery may be affected by the delivery address (see below), traffic and weather conditions.
Please be advised that some areas carry an additional delivery charge. Should the delivery address be one of the following, please do contact us prior to placing an order to acquire a delivery quote.
Northern Ireland, JE, BT, IM, ZE, GY, PO30+, HS, IV, KA27-28, KW1-17, PA20+, PH15+, AB37+, DD, FK19-21, TR21+, EH, G
The delivery of larger items such as ovens, fridges, freezers, dishwashers, washing machines, wine coolers and ceramic sinks:
* Solo or a two-man delivery service who operate between 7 a.m. and 8 p.m.. In order to organise these deliveries, we require the correct contact number and email address for the customer to be provided at the time of the sale. This is to ensure that we are able to personally organise a suitable delivery date with the customer. Once a suitable date has been confirmed, the courier will email the customer with a 2-hour delivery window the night before the delivery as well as a call within the hour of delivery on the day. Please make sure the product is checked upon delivery and if there are any visible faults or damages please refuse the delivery and contact us so we can resolve any issues. Please be advised somebody must be at the delivery address in order to sign for the goods.
For customers who are unable to receive a delivery on weekdays we do offer a Saturday delivery at an extra charge.
Please be advised that some areas carry an additional delivery charge. Should the delivery address be one of the following, please do contact us prior to placing an order to acquire a delivery quote.
Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland, JE, BT, IM, ZE, GY, HS
Unfortunately, occasional damages in transit can occur in which case we would advise our customers to contact us as soon as possible. This is to ensure any issues can be resolved quickly and efficiently.
We advise that the products are checked upon delivery and any issues reported to us as soon as possible for an efficient service.
Please be aware if a damage is reported after installation we would not be able to exchange or refund.
We also advise that you do not organise fitters until the order has been delivered in case any issues arise with the order.
SIA Delivery Enquires
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Phone: 01623 625658


text:
December 10. 2012 10:30PM
Cotton Mill Square project in Nashua to seek tax relief
By KIMBERLY HOUGHTON
Union Leader Correspondent
NASHUA - Cotton Mill Square LLC is seeking five years of tax relief under the city's Community Revitalization Tax Relief Incentive Program.
It is Nashua's first application for the program, which was adopted by city officials more than a year ago, according to Thomas Galligani, economic development director.
The Cotton Mill Square project, a $25 million housing plan that was originally proposed in 2006 but stalled because of the economy, is finally getting off the ground.
Now, as the 108-year-old building on Front Street is about to be converted to more than 100 apartment units, the developer is attempting to take advantage of the new tax relief program.
"This is another tool in our tool box," said Galligani. "This (tax relief) incentive program was designed for just this type of project. It makes sense for these larger building projects that will stimulate activity in Nashua."
The Board of Aldermen will be presented with the tax relief application tonight for a preliminary review. The multi-million dollar, mixed-income housing project by developer John Stabile has already received approval from various state and federal agencies.
"The redevelopment of Cotton Mill Square represents a major milestone in the evolution of downtown Nashua. For years, the Front Street area along the north shore of the Nashua River has been viewed as one of the most challenging redevelopment areas in town," the application states. "Prone to flooding, tainted by hazardous waste and spotted with unattractive and dilapidated manufacturing buildings, the city has been unable to inspire any significant redevelopment in the area."
The eight-story building will offer mixed-income housing with 55 affordable apartments and 54 market-rate apartments.
The application claims that Cotton Mill's completion will result in a property tax increase of more than $25,000 per year for the city.
The exact amount of tax relief being sought has not yet been determined, according to Galligani.
"We still need to determine the value of the project once it is complete," he said.
To qualify for tax relief, the project must provide a public benefit, such as enhancing the economic vitality of the downtown, increasing residential housing or improving a culturally or historically important structure.
According to Galligani, Cotton Mill Square LLC's project meets program guidelines.
The application lists numerous benefits, including remediation of hazardous contaminants at the site, improvements to the nearby dam, an extension of Nashua's Riverwalk system, dramatic landscape improvements and more.
The Board of Aldermen must review the paperwork and schedule a public hearing within 60 days, Galligani said.
Once the public hearing is held, a decision on the application should be made within 45 days.


text:
Medical marijuana hearing draws passionate testimonyBy BILL SMITH
New Hampshire Union Leader
February 21. 2013 8:24PM
CONCORD - Supporters of the legalization of marijuana for medical use in New Hampshire used a public hearing Thursday to try to head off the arguments that have repeatedly doomed similar proposals in recent years.
While the House Health and Human Services Committee heard a doctor's testimony that marijuana is not medicine and heard police officials testify that legal marijuana will create enforcement issues, members also heard from people who say their lives and the lives of family members, were made tolerable through the use of marijuana for relief from the pain of cancer, multiple sclerosis or other illnesses.
Rep. Donna Schlachman, D-Exeter, main sponsor of House Bill 573 promised that legalizing medical marijuana will not lead to a new industry featuring medical providers handing out prescriptions for people who come in off the street complaining about aches and pains.
"In New Hampshire, to get a prescription for medical marijuana, you will have to have at least a three-month relationship with your provider," Schlachman said. "I'm not sitting here because I am advocating that we encourage youth to participate in drugs, absolutely not, we are talking about a medicine."
The bill has also been amended to allow regulated quantities of home-grown marijuana for medicinal purposes.
But Dr. Seddon Savage, who has practiced in the field of pain medication for 30 years and is a past president of the American Pain Association, told the panel that no matter what properties people find in it, marijuana can't be considered medicine.
"In the context of medical health care, herbal marijuana is not a medicine as we think of contemporary medicine," Savage said. "This is not a modern medicine."
Agreeing that marijuana can relieve pain or nausea and may even have properties as an anti-inflammatory, Savage said two marijuana drugs have won federal approval for medical use, with a third undergoing trials and called work to use the cannabis plant in medicine "promising."
But she claimed that self-medication with street-level doses of marijuana is "a herbal remedy," and urged the committee not to exempt it from standards used to make sure drugs that are safe and effective.
"Because of its propensity to be used, overused, abused and in fact cause addiction in many people who use it, (marijuana) is a controlled substance - wisely," Savage said.
State Sen. John Reagan, R-Concord, who watched both his wife and his mother die after battles with cancer, testified in support of legalizing medical marijuana to relieve the pain of the disease and its treatment.
His wife, who had worked as a lobbyist for the state police chiefs association, refused to allow her husband to bend the rules.
"I offered to go find some some place, but she wouldn't use it because of her loyalty to her client," Reagan said. "There are people who already know that they're going to get relief from this and we're condemning them to a high-dollar, horrible side-effect option for pain control."
Deerfield police chief Richard Crate claimed that legal medical marijuana means trouble for law enforcement,officers, who, he said, worry that the mere debate on the subject tends to make marijuana more acceptable and its use more widespread.
"We are concerned that referring to marijuana as medicine is already creating a discussion that says marijuana is not a dangerous drug," Crate said. "It will be very difficult for us to distinguish the recreational marijuana user from the medicinal marijuana user; the potential for redistribution is very real."
Committee members will now turn to drafting a final medical marijuana bill. Gov. Maggie Hassan has already signaled that a bill reaching her desk should provide for tight controls on its use and distribution.
Savage, the pain medicine doctor, said the current proposal has too few controls.
"The bill seems more crafted to creating an infrastructure to provide marijuana to many, many people who think they may feel better using marijuana," Savage said. "It is not in the interest of the citizens of New Hampshire."


text:
Ranch Legacy Tonneau Cover RFLEG-COLOCC-GBA
- Constructed of fiberglass
- Coated with durable Axalta paint
- 1200 lb tested rotary latches
- No-drill install on most applications
- Fiberglass provides a smooth, gloss finish
- Black powder coated hardware
- Sleek wrap around appearance
- Triple seal water protection
- Easy opening Lift Assist Arms
- EZ push button lock
- Many Optional Accessories
- Made in the USA - Elkhart, IN
The Ranch Fiberglass Legacy Tonneau Cover is probably the most cost effective and efficient ways to get and elegant, sleek custom painted hard tonneau cover for your truck bed. Ranch uses hand crafted molds to fit your truck. They like to call them true form fits because not only do they look like they were specifically molded to your make and model, they seal out the elements as they were custom designed to. The Ranch Legacy is made out of specially formulated resin creating superior high gloss finish that protects against scratching.
To get your custom color, Ranch Legacy Truck Bed covers us DuPont automotive grade paints. You get the protection you need in addition to matching any color on the market. And we mean it when we say ANY COLOR! Triple sealed to keep out moisture, corrosion becomes a problem of the past. The rotary latch system included with every Ranch Legacy Cover protects your cargo from theft and you can feel safe storing expensive items like tools and sports gear.
Opening and closing your tonneau is simple and easy. The quality lift assist arms and the front hinged design allow for one handed access. This is great for loading and unloading in a hurry.
Legacy from Ranch offers a sleek & stylish look, giving you and your truck the attention you deserve. So whether you're looking for style or function, the Ranch has you covered, literally!
The Legacy ships directly to you ready to install and is compatible with Ranch tonneau cover accessories.
Order NotesLift gate service for easier delivery is available for an additional fee. If you have any questions about this fee, please feel free to call us at 877-216-5446
Custom painted tonneau covers cannot be returned, except in the case of shipping damage or warranty. Warranty for each product is according to the specific manufacturer's policy, which is generally repair or replacement. Should you have a warranty issue please contact us and we can facilitate a warranty service request for you with the manufacturer. More Info
If you need assistance locating your factory paint code, please call us at 1-877-216-5446.
View Available Part Numbers For This Product Line
Lifetime Warranty / 1 Year on Hardware
The Ranch Fiberglass Legacy Tonneau Cover is backed by a limited lifetime warranty. The warranty covers against manufacturer defects and workmanship. Structure and exterior paint are included in the limited lifetime warranty. The included hardware has a 1 year warranty.
The Ranch Fiberglass Legacy Tonneau Covers offer an easy at home no drill installation. Mount the cover to the included frame and carefully set square on your truck bed. Crawl under the cover with a flashlight, 2 provided clamps, and a 9/16" wrench and fasten cover to your pickup. For additional information please call us at 1-877-216-5446 or 701-253-5906.