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USS Sea Cloud, IX 99, Racial Integration for Naval Efficiency
This is an account of the USS Sea Cloud, IX 99, which became an experiment in racial integration aboard U. S. naval vessels from December, 1943 to November, 1944.
The Sea Cloud was a converted yacht of approximately 3600 gross tons, 316 feet long, an armament of four twin mount 40 caliber and eight 20 caliber machine guns, two 3" 50' caliber guns, depth charge, K-Gun, and ahead throwing anti-submarine weapons. Built in Kiel, Germany, for Mrs. Marjory Post Hutton in 1930, it had served her as a yacht in the Atlantic, Caribbean, and Mediterranean. Later, married to Joseph E. Davies, U. S. Ambassador to Russia, she took the yacht to the Baltic Sea, Leningrad on the Gulf of Finland, and Black Sea. In 1940, the Sea Cloud was placed under conditional charter by the US Navy to be available in time of war. In 1941, it was converted for weather patrol, by taking off all masts but the mainmast, installing a house for inflating weather balloons for radiosonde observations, and adding the armament. Powered by four 800 HP Krupp diesels with twin screws (from one to four of the engines could power each screw) and with the hull form of a clipper ship, the Sea Cloud was an effective and comfortable ship for weather patrol. This duty, at the time, required remaining within 50 miles of a designated latitude and longitude in the Atlantic for a period of from 21 to 30 days, following which the ship was relieved by another weather patrol vessel. At least one weather patrol ship was lost with all hands, presumably due to enemy submarine action, but thereafter none were lost. As weather reports were filed by radio every four hours from a pin-point in the Atlantic, it can be presumed that the enemy were copying the broadcasts and decoding them. There were four stations: one off Bermuda, one between Newfoundland and Greenland one between Greenland and Iceland, and one off the coast of France. Weather patrol vessels, four in all at any one time, were manned by the Coast Guard. Weather observers were civilians from the U. S. Weather Service. The ship's complement for wartime was 175 men and 12 officers. However, its officers' country, formerly owner and guest quarters, add 20-24 officers and extra officers were frequently assigned for sea duty familiarization after a prolonged period of shore duty or upon graduation from the Coast Guard Academy.
1. Origins of the Experiment
This is necessarily a very personal account as the idea of a racial integration experiment aboard a naval vessel was my own, conceived, refined and prepared as a memorandum to the Commandant of the Coast Guard, approved by him and implemented by assigning me as Commanding Officer of the ship chosen to try the experiment.
As a former journalist and government official in Washington, I had a lively and concerned interest in the world situation. As such, I wished eagerly to be active in the war against fascism, active in a military service in combat or potential combat. As such, I applied for a commission in the Coast Guard Reserve as soon as it was authorized as a military reserve force. I took my examinations in the spring of 1941, was commissioned in June 1941, and placed on active duty early in July. In the same month I reported for duty on the USS Northland, CG, (WPG-49) at the Boston Navy Yard where it was outfitting to return to its assignment as a unit of the Greenland Patrol.
On that remote and extended duty, I served progressively as watch officer, navigator and executive officer. My reflections at the time, which are essential to understand the origins of the experiment, embraced the following: first, the fascism of Germany, Japan and Italy had been extraordinarily successful, both in military conquest and in ravaging and subduing the populations of the occupied countries. Their technology appeared to be superb, their military and naval skills extraordinarily effective and their economic capacity to support these successful. To combat and defeat these, would require the use of every resource of our economy, technology, skills and manpower. If we did not devote every resource of our society to the war (and get into the war soon) our free society would be destroyed.
The next element of my reflections, while in Greenland waters, started from a very small incident. Among his many other duties, the executive officer is responsible for the advancement of enlisted men in their ratings. The Northland was a small ship, with a crew of 125. An interested officer could know the entire crew. One of the steward's mates, [a] Negro, was a skilled motor mechanic. He loved engines and he spent his spare hours in the engine room. He came to me and asked if he could be examined for the rating of Motor Machinist's Mate 3d class. I asked the engineer officer about the man and was informed that other Chief Motor Machinist's Mates spoke most favorably of the man's skills. I had him examined and submitted his papers, which were of the highest caliber, to Coast Guard Headquarters. In good time, considering our remote duty, the response came back from Enlisted Personnel at headquarters that he could not be rated as a Motor Mechanic because he was a Negro and Negroes were only accepted in the Steward's Branch. This struck me as both unfair and inefficient and therefore undesirable for a military service. I appealed the decision, through channels, and as a result Enlisted Personnel reversed itself and authorized his transfer to Motor Machinist's Mate and rating in that branch (I believe he later made Chief and served honorably and effectively.) [Skinner is referring to CWO Oliver T. Henry, USCG (Ret.)]
The combination of this incident with my general views on the gravity of the world crisis led me to a consideration of the whole problem of naval use of manpower. Without having statistics on the assignment of naval personnel to different shipboard duties, it seemed clear to me that the steward and steward's mate complement of both Coast Guard and Navy ships could not exceed two to three percent of the total seagoing personnel. The universal draft was then being applied as the source of all manpower for all the armed services. This meant that the Coast Guard and Navy would have to take 11 to 12 percent of Negroes in their new manpower (the generally accepted percentage of Negroes in the U. S. population). Over a period of time this would result in the 9 percent of recruits not available for sea duty being placed in shore installations. Soon Coast Guard and Navy shore installations would be disproportionately heavy with Negro personnel.
I remembered also the history of World War I when there was tension and animosity against military age men remaining in the United States from Navy personnel on sea duty and Army personnel serving overseas. White feathers were passed out to men not in uniform. There had been race riots during and after World War I. There was enough racial antagonism in the United States during World War II. If white sailors were to conclude that Negro sailors had the preferred positions of shore duty, I felt that race rioting could break out.
The next element of the concept was that a racial exclusion policy on general ratings aboard ship was an inefficient use of manpower. Negroes with skills or developable skills in gunnery, radar, sonar, electricity, machinery, etc., would be assigned to cooking, cleaning officer's rooms and serving at table. The latter were essential jobs, but were by no means making use of the skills of many Negroes assigned or to be assigned to them.
In retrospection, it is possible that the size of the one Coast Guard unit with which I was then familiar, the USS Northland, had made me more aware of the differing skills of members of the crew, the need to use them to the maximum, and the value of a highly skilled crew. The Northland had captured a German weather station in Greenland in September, 1941, had organized from its own crew a "prize crew" to man the Norwegian ship, that brought the German radiomen to Greenland and had a rigorous duty including rescuing aviators from the Greenland Ice Cap and navigating within the ice pack. It was particularly clear on this duty that seamanship was vital to success of the Coast Guard's missions and that seamanship could only be learned at sea, an element I will refer to later.
2. Theory of Proposal
The proposal had to be and was based solely on military and naval effectiveness. This was because, first, that was the origin of the idea; second, because I was sure that it was the only legitimate basis for considering a plan for racial integration of the armed forces during wartime. Everyone forgets to a greater or lesser extent the progress that has been made socially in this country in the area of race relations in the years since World War II. The big civil rights programs started with President Truman. I did not consciously think of the program as a "civil rights" program. It was to me a program for increased military effectiveness. It will be remembered that President Franklin Roosevelt, basically a liberal on social issues, said during the war that Dr. New Deal has been replaced by Dr. Win The War.
To bring about the use of Negroes in seagoing units in their best skills required a change in the rule of the Coast Guard and Navy that Negroes would not be accepted for or assigned to general ratings. It could be said that they had to be emancipated from the officer's servant status. But, it was equally clear to me that this could not be done merely by changing the rule. The rule was encrusted with tradition. It was based on long experience that, in general, Negroes joining the Coast Guard or Navy did not have mechanical or other skills. This was probably because of: 1) the previous educational opportunities, 2) the generally rural southern society from which Negro enlistees came, and the experience of the Army with all Negro units in World War I. These all-Negro units were labor battalions, used in the most tedious and laborious work and with white officers, most of whom had and exhibited racial prejudice.
I concluded that there had to be a demonstration that Negroes could serve in general ratings effectively. I quickly rejected the idea of an all-Negro unit. First, it was a violation of the proven method of training sailors of putting them on board ship and improving on their boot camp basic skills at sea. Sailors learn from other sailors. The Chief Boatswain's Mate with 25 years of service, two thirds of them at sea, is the best instructor. He can be tough, but the sailor learns from this toughness how to maneuver a small boat alongside, how to paint, how to clean, how to steer, etc. For Negroes to be well qualified, they had to go to sea and go to sea with qualified enlisted men as petty officers and fellow seamen. This meant the ship had to be an integrated ship--black and white at all levels, officers, petty officers and seamen.
While I had had no direct experience and had seen no documents, I had heard that the Navy had tried an all-Negro destroyer or destroyer escort, by a process of selecting the brightest and best qualified, and training for ratings ashore. I did not then know the name of the ship, but the "grapevine" reported that on the ship's first trip out of New York harbor after commissioning, it had anchored next to the Ambrose Channel buoy and had wrapped its anchor chain around the buoy's anchor chain. Whether true or not, I felt that a similar misfortune would embarrass and perhaps doom the project.
Thus, I was convinced that the proper use of Negro skills at sea required an integrated ship. I then reflected on the degree of prejudice in the officer complement of the average ship. The few wardrooms I had served in or visited were composed of officers with very conservative political opinions. I sometimes thought I was the only officer present who voted for Roosevelt. While many officers would conscientiously carry out orders, I felt that an officer with racial prejudices, recognized or unrecognized, would not give the project a fair chance. I concluded that the Commanding Officer of the experimental ship must be sympathetic to the idea, want it to work, and be willing to give it the special care necessary to make it work.
Equally, I was convinced that the ship chosen had to be a Coast Guard or Naval vessel on regular, normal assigned duty. It had to be a unit of the fleet, like any other. It could not be a special case, a special unit on privileged duty for purposes of show. This was for several reasons. First, if the other ships recognized the specially privileged character of this ship's assignment, they would display, both officer and enlisted man, tensions and recriminations. Second, the very men who were learning to perform in general ratings so as to be assignable anywhere by normal Coast Guard or Navy standards would feel they were special and did not have the normal need to learn or perform. Third, the higher commands would give no credence to the experiment and write it off as an aberration, unimportant and to be ignored.
Linked to these other requirements was the fact that this training for general ratings had to be at sea. The boot camp can give some basic skills and the technical schools can teach radio, electricity, motor mechanics, etc., but for these to be useful at sea there must be sea duty training. This is so obvious I need not elaborate on it.
I felt also that the selection, examination and advancement of the Negro seamen into petty officer ratings must be controlled aboard the ship of the experiment. This was necessary to give the commanding officer authority to choose the best and avoid selection by authority outside the experiment.
There seemed to me to be two corollary requirements to protect the experiment. First, no special favors in assignment of the ship to duty, in the rotation of crew, or in anything else, even movies. This was not to be a "show" ship. Second, no spotlight of publicity. If the newspapers and cameramen were wandering around the ship when it was in port, there would be problems in discipline.
3. Approval Procedures
In the spring of 1943, the conclusion of my second trip to Greenland on the Northland, I was detached for training duty as an LST commanding officer. After completion of that I was reassigned as executive officer on a Spanish-American period war vessel, resurrected from the boneyard for anti-submarine duty on the U. S. Atlantic coast. It even had a torpedo tube in the bow, welded over. While in the LST training, I had walked into Coast Guard Public Relations to offer to take a cameraman to the Pacific with me and do some stories and caption writing with him. I had already done a story on Arctic navigation for Yachting Magazine and thought some writing could be combined with the sea duty. Apparently, I was spotted as an experienced journalist and public relations officer, and was then, unexpectedly, detached from sea duty and assigned as executive officer of the Public Relations Office.
In the next few months, my views on desirable manpower policy and military effectiveness and my desire to fight the war at sea combined. I prepared a memorandum embodying all my arguments and addressed it to the Coast Guard Commandant, Admiral [Russell R.] Waesche. The Chief of Public Relations, Captain Reed Hill, through whom I had to submit the memorandum either disagreed with it or chose not to have me leave his unit. Anyway, he threw the memorandum in the wastebasket. I had the yeoman type it again and add "Forwarded, Disapproved" over the place for his signature, then took it in to him along with a copy of the Coast Guard Regulations opened to the paragraph requiring senior officers to forward reports up stream, marking them in accord with their views.
From my brief tour of duty at Headquarters, I knew the Commandant slightly and knew his aide, Commander Willard Smith, better. I then took the disapproved memorandum to Commander Smith. It disappeared into a void. For months I heard nothing. I had expected to be called in by an officer in Personnel and quizzed about the idea. Nothing. In passing, it should be noted that Admiral Waesche was a remarkable man and a remarkable officer. My direct contact with him was very limited and others would know infinitely more than I. I believe him to represent the finest type of U. S. military or naval officer. Calm, cool, intelligent AND intellectual, forceful, thoughtful of his officers and men, and demanding the highest performance.
After about two and a half months I received orders to report to the USS Sea Cloud, IX 99. Nothing accompanied the orders. It was a routine transfer. I was a Lieutenant, with seagoing experience as watch officer, navigator and executive officer. It was in no way unusual. I asked no questions, took my leave of the Public Relations Office, packed my trunk and reported aboard the Sea Cloud at Constitution Wharf, Boston, where it was then based.
About ten days later the Sea Cloud sailed on weather patrol. I was assigned the mid-watch and stood it night and day for thirty days. Upon completion of our tour on station and while returning to Boston, the ship received a dispatch relieving the commanding officer on arrival and assigning me to command. There was still no communication of any sort that my proposal had been approved. We tied up in Boston, I relieved the captain, went through the ceremonies of taking command and settled down to the important but dull in-port routine of supplies, crew and officer rotation, etc.
Without notice, about three days before we were to sail, the Coast Guard Receiving station, at the old Hotel Brunswick, sent down to the ship 12 Negro apprentice seamen and we detached 12 white seamen. Still no word of action on my proposal. But it was clear to me that I was being assigned to carry out what I had proposed. The method was probably the best in that it called the least attention to the program. In fact, it was responsive to my recommendation that there be no special attention or publicity.
4. Implementation.
With these first 12 Negro seamen, as with later drafts of seamen and petty officers trained in special skills such as a Pharmacist's Mate, we made no special arrangements. They were slotted into watches and duties exactly as had been their white predecessors. If they worked and studied and learned, they were considered for Seaman, 1st Class, and later Coxswain or Quartermaster 3rd Class, etc. If they didn't work, were over-leave, over-liberty, or committed other offenses, they were hauled up at captain's mast and punished, just as the white.
The Negroes were assigned to berthing arrangements as any other seamen. Inevitably, if there is a preferred sleeping berth, the old-timers on the ship grab it and the newest arrivals get the leavings. I did not interfere with this, but later there were times when white seamen or petty officers were assigned and the old-timer Negro seamen or petty officers then reaped the benefit of seniority. Obviously, petty officers get or find better quarters than seamen, and the same system applied. I was particularly interested to see that when we finally were sent a Negro Chief Commissary Steward, who had apparently been able to cross over from the Steward's branch, he was accepted into the Chief's mess with all its privileges and its superiority over lower ratings, including white petty officers and seamen.
I did not assign an officer to supervise the implementation of this program. Each officer with a department had responsibility for all the men of his department, Negro or white, in full compliance with Coast Guard regulations. After several voyages, we received two Negro officers from the Coast Guard Reserve Officer Training program. Like any other officer on his first sea duty, each was assigned junior watch officer and other duties, eventually qualifying as watch officer and given other assignments.
5. Training
The training program aboard ship was that of the ship itself -- nothing else. The Sea Cloud was a unit of the Atlantic Fleet, in Task Force 24, and there were training requirements, drills, etc. In addition, the Coast Guard had certain customary drills. Thus, the normal shipboard abandon ship, man overboard, damage control, general quarters drills were performed daily, except in impossible weather.
In addition, while in Boston or Argentia, there were ASW tracking drills for officers and sonarmen, anti-aircraft gunnery training in Rhode Island, etc. Petty officers and petty officer candidates were sent off for specialized training, normally but not always returning to the ship. In essence, the training was exactly that of any other Coast Guard unit operating in the Navy. I may have watched more closely than if I had not felt responsibility for the experiment. But, I was convinced that it would work only if it were routine.
6. Operations
As indicated earlier, the Sea Cloud was a weather patrol ship. Based first in Boston, then in Argentia, it was one of four ships that maintained weather stations and sent regular radio reports on upper air wind direction, strength and pressure. The ship's crew were not involved in the observations which were conducted by civilians of the U. S. Weather Bureau. However, as is obvious we could not maintain radio silence as the messages must go every four hours. We remained within 50 miles of an assigned position In the heavy storms of winter on the Atlantic, this meant operating in the roughest seas and weather. Fortunately, the Sea Cloud was a comfortable ship and handled well at one third ahead and a few points off the wind and sea. When we reached the top of circle, we could "coast down hill" for fifty miles, which was always more pleasant in a force 6 or 7 wind.
The Negroes didn't like the bad weather any more than the white seamen. They griped and complained and swore just as much, and no more. In fact, the bad weather and the monotonous duty may have helped to integrate the crew. Both Negro and white seamen felt abused.
The tour on station was usually 21 days, with from eight to twelve days to get to station and back. We would wait until we sighted the relief ship before departing station. Sometimes we provided a check point for aircraft, including one flight of dirigibles. We saw a moderate amount of wreckage and reported it, but never found any survivors. We had submarine contacts from time to time, most of them abortive.
The Sea Cloud had one major encounter with an enemy submarine, in June of 1944, when it was returning from the Bermuda weather station to Argentia. About sundown, the sonar operator reported a contact. We went to general quarters and continued to track the submarine, finally getting into position to attack. We dropped a string of depth charges and fired K Guns, passed over the enemy, came back and searched, finally picking up the contact again. Again we tracked, fired the mousetrap and more depth charges. At 14 knots, we were not the most maneuverable of anti-submarine craft, but the tracers showed that we had the enemy under us both times. We searched for about eight more hours, but did not find a trace. In the meantime, on our radio report, Atlantic Fleet sent a killer team of a destroyer, destroyer escorts and aircraft to the site. When they were en route, we were ordered to proceed to port. I later was informed that the killer team found the submarine, attacked and forced it to the surface and, in the resulting battle, the commanding officer of one of the U. S. ships was killed by gunfire. The Sea Cloud was credited in the official Navy accounts of this sinking with an "assist".
The other major operational crisis during my command was earlier in 1944, when we were proceeding to the station between Newfoundland and Greenland. We had had reports on coded Navy circuits of German armed merchantmen "raiders" operating in the area through which we had to sail. About 2:00 a.m., I was awakened with a radar report of a ship heading straight for us at 28 knots. We went to general quarters and began evasive action. No matter how we changed course, the radar report was a target always at 28 knots and headed directly for us . The more I heard this, the more peculiar it seemed. I knew something was wrong, so finally ordered the searchlights lighted. Directly in front of us was an iceberg the size of the United Nations Building on its side. Without a word to the Exec or Watch Officer or Quartermaster, I pulled the engine telegraph to Full Astern. As with any ship of that size and weight, we still proceeded a very long way and I felt the iceberg was under my nose before the ship started to move astern. The probable explanation is that the radarman was reading the speed as the time for the signal to go out and return, or double our 14 knot speed of advance and, of course, on such a signal, the target was "headed straight for us.
These two incidents are not unique and every Coast Guard and Navy officer has stories like this or better ones. However, they are worth mentioning because the officers and crew, mixed Negro and white, performed ably and bravely and without any weakness, exactly as they should have. They were completely integrated and reacted to the needs of the military mission as a unit and as a well trained, ready unit.
It should be added that during 1944, the Sea Cloud went through a regular Atlantic Fleet inspection, rigorous and complete. It passed with favorable mention in a number of categories. Certainly the inspection staff of the Atlantic Fleet had no reason to give any special consideration to a fleet unit because it had Negroes in general ratings or was an experiment in racial integration on a fleet unit. Later, the Sea Cloud was decommissioned in the fall of 1944, for purely logistical and supply reasons. All parts for the Krupp diesels and auxiliaries, piping, etc., had to be fabricated specially at the Boston Navy Yard. This was expensive and after 1944 other ships were available . At that time because of a peculiarity of the Navy's charter which required the ship to be returned "to its original condition" and because of the obvious interest of Ambassador Davies, the Navy ordered a full Board of Inspection and Survey inspection of the ship. A Bureau of Construction and Repair Admiral, two captains and a squad of lesser ranks came aboard and examined the ship minutely for two days. Again the inspection report was favorable.
7. Difficulties
The difficulties were minor. But, there were some, all of which were satisfactorily handled. First, there were tensions within the Negro seamen and petty officers as a group. These were almost entirely between northern and southern Negroes, and they did lead to fighting. The Master-at-Arms was soon a Negro and handled the problems well. Second, by the summer of 1944, Coast Guard Districts, (other than the First where the ship was based as far as personnel was concerned) , had learned by the grapevine that the Sea Cloud had Negroes in the crew and accepted them as replacements for white seamen and petty officers. These districts began to send the Sea Cloud their Negro disciplinary problems. I did not need these and I went to see Admiral [Wilfred N.] Derby, the Coast Guard District Officer for the First District and explained my problem. He ordered his personnel officer to prevent this and to work with me if I received a problem assignment I felt was bad for the ship. Third, as the number of Negroes in the crew began to exceed 50 per cent, some Negroes became aggressive with the white sailors and petty officers. The numerical superiority gave these few courage and perhaps they felt the need to compensate for past discrimination. Clearly, the arguments, fights and disciplinary infractions rose when the Negro crew percentage exceeded 50 per cent. Whether this was solely the numerical superiority or was the receipt of some Negro sailors who had disciplinary records before they arrived, I was unable to tell.
In any case, it led me to recommend later to the President's Commission on Equality in the Armed Forces at its hearings in 1949, that the proportion of Negroes in general ratings in any unit should not exceed one-third during the period of general implementation of this policy. That did not seem restrictive to me, as the Negro section of the total population is 10 to 12 per cent and this was three times larger. The fourth problem was not a difficulty, but an interesting sidelight. While the Negro and white crew members worked well together, with considerable joking and camaraderie, I noticed that they split into the two racial groups whenever going on shore for liberty. I thought at first this was due to housing segregation in Boston, but it continued when the leave base was changed to Argentia, purely a Naval Base with only Navy facilities.
8. Acceptance of the IX 99--formal and informal
The acceptance of the Sea Cloud as a Naval unit was formally quite correct and successful. I have indicated the two major inspections. Beyond that, I had no problems with any Naval or Coast Guard command to which I reported or on which I called for assistance of the normal kinds. There was little noticeable interest in the Sea Cloud. It appeared to be treated as any other unit. Thus, in the Navy Yard in terms of presenting Work Orders, getting supplies, etc., we encountered no hostility or prejudice. We did find that the Navy Yard blue collar foremen, quartermen, leading men, etc., frequently tried to avoid the ship and occasionally made slurring remarks about the crew.
Necessity is the mother of invention and we found that with a few pounds of butter or cans of coffee, we could change the attitude. I did have to make a special point of instruction for officers calling on other ships or at the Navy Yard for work or supplies to be especially nice and cooperative. In one incident, when a hurricane was approaching Boston and due to hit at midnight, I passed the word to get wire cable to be used in doubling all our mooring lines. A Negro Boatswain's Mate asked the yard for a spool of cable to allow us to do this and he was refused, I think, because of the nature of our crew. I had to ask the Chief Boatswain's Mate to use his ingenuity after dark. He got the message and we were properly moored when the hurricane hit.
While I felt I could and, in a way had to, leave the shoreside integration of the enlisted men to them, I was concerned about the Officers Clubs. So, starting in the Boston Navy Yard, I took the three Negro officers then assigned to the ship into the Club after work one day. The Club had a very long bar and there were some 50 officers standing at it. As we walked in, fifty heads turned and examined us with surprise and, I felt, some hostility. I insisted the three go back with me each day for four days. Each day we would sit quietly at a table and have one or two drinks and leave. On the fifth day, I said I had to go uptown and asked them to go by themselves. They did and there was no incident. Thereafter they used the Club or not as they wished. Later in Argentia, we went through a similar "familiarization" procedure.
9. Conclusions
The experiment in racial integration aboard a naval ship worked as I had believed it would. It was no more difficult that I expected. It made me tense at times and I am sure made my Negro officers tense at times, but it worked.
I had hoped it would be copied. To the best of my knowledge it was not copied, as such. However, in February of 1945, the Navy issued revised regulations permitting up to 10 per cent of general ratings in non-combat naval ships to be Negroes. I think my experiment was helpful in producing this change. I had worked before the war with Eugene Duffield who was a wartime assistant to Secretary of the Navy [James V.] Forrestal. On a trip through Washington in the winter of 1944, after the Sea Cloud was decommissioned, I visited Duffield and told him the whole story, how it started, how it worked and my convictions on the military necessity of integration aboard ship to get the maximum use of manpower skills in the population. Duffield later sent me a copy of the revised Navy procedure on this.
As I was only the commanding officer of the ship and as Coast Guard Headquarters never asked me for any special reports or conferences I have no way of knowing if the experiment was generally known or how it was used. With my respect for Admiral Waesche, I would assume that he used it to support general improvement of racial restrictions in the Coast Guard.
To the best of my knowledge, the experiment was never used for publicity by the Coast Guard or the Navy. I never had a reporter or photographer come to the ship and was never asked to describe it. While in Boston once, I invited Erwin Canham, then editor of the Christian Science Monitor, whom I had known when we were fellow newspapermen in Washington, to come aboard for lunch. I described the project and showed him the ship and crew. He showed no interest of any sort in the project and never wrote about it.
Upon reflection, I have wondered if I should not have evangelized for my theories, put on a campaign for their general adoption. I did not, first because I was too busy as commanding officer making them work, and second because of my basic belief that this kind of thing should happen naturally and should not be in the spotlight.
So, my belief that racial integration aboard ship was sound national naval and military policy was proven, but remained unnoticed.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).


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text: Prentice Bisbal wrote: > Since an infiniband fabric needs a subnet mananger, should the master > node have an IB HCA and be connected to the IB network in order to run > the subnet manager? > > My logic behind this is that the master node will be full > enterprise-level hardware (redundant every thing), and should never go > down or be rebooted during normal use. I expect the nodes to go down > more frequently (not fully redundant hardware, higher operating loads, > etc.). > > Exactly what functions does the subnet manager perform, and what happens > if it disappears from the IB fabric? > > I've been doing research into IB all day yesterday, and I'm continuing > today, so please no RTFM answers. > I've gotten a lot of response to my IB questions that I posed to the list. Thanks for all your help. All of my questions have been answered. It turns out, as some as you pointed out, that my switch will have a built-in subnet manager, so I won't need to run one on a node. -- Prentice


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There was a time when you got bad news from good old-fashioned clerks, operators and bill collectors. The bad news bearers were real humans who dialed your number and stated their business: The X-ray looks scary, you need to pay your phone bill, yes, you're pregnant or no, the insurance won't cover your car wreck.
Yesterday I got a call just at dinner time, and it was that woman again — you know, the one with the way-too-cheerful voice, asking if I wanted to chat about my prescription drug plan. Even though she was a robot caller, she sounded so happy, and I was a little lonely. I figured we could chat. I cradled the phone between shoulder and ear, kept stirring the soup and said yes.
"You may want to know that you have fallen into the gap, also known as the donut hole," the voice said, adding, "Do you want me to share further information?"
"Please do," I said. She told me that I would need to spend several thousand dollars out of pocket for my medication before I could move on to a better place known as catastrophic coverage. That didn't sound so good to me, but I was listening, and she was warming to the subject.
"Do you want me to share more information about how to reduce your drug costs?" she crooned. I knew where that was going: generic drugs made in a rat-infested lab in Bangladesh.
I told her to get lost and went back to my soup.
An hour later, a man-robot called to ask me to vote for his candidate. Thirty minutes after that, a cyber-secretary called to say that I'd won a big prize and I should call his number to collect my millions of dollars. One last call was from a recorded voice reminding my husband to go to his cardiology appointment.
It was evening, and I hadn't spoken to a human being all day.
With the advent of robo calls and recorded messages, real-time communication has become a rare thing. When we answer the phone, it's likely that we will be subjected to a tedious and annoying reminder or request. And that's just calls coming in. When we call companies or government offices or professional offices these days, we can expect to "select" our way through many mechanical options before reaching a person.


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No Condoms, No Piece!
No Condoms, No Piece! Why Condoms Should Be Mandatory In Pornography, published February, 2013, is a one-issue zine by Kari Tervo, publishing as Harmonica.
No Condoms, No Piece! was released in California, U.S.A. It is 12 pages in a half-size format. It has a blue cover and black-and-white content.
The zine explores the controversial issue of whether condoms should be required in pornographic filmmaking. Harmonica argues in favor of that requirement from a public health perspective, asking the questions, "Why would free speech ever trump public health? Why won't porn producers change their procedures if using condoms would be so detrimental to performer health? And does 'personal choice' really exist in condom-less porn?" The flaws of the STD testing system are defined, and profit is identified as the driving force behind anti-condom arguments. A light tone and humor make this serious topic accessible to a wide audience.
The title is a parody of the Civil Rights slogan, "No Justice, No Peace!" The double entendre "Piece" both recalls the justice slogan and represents the common slang term for a sexual partner, "piece of ass."
Bookstores Carrying No Condoms, No Piece!
Chicago: Quimby's
- firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Muscle Mustangs & Fast FordsNews & Views
Coming Full Circle In The Mustang Universe - Powershiftin'
On April 16-20, Mustang enthusiasts converged on New York City, Charlotte, and Las Vegas for the Mustang 50th Birthday Celebration. With three special venues, including the reveal of the 50th Anniversary Mustang in NYC, two giant MCA shows, and seemingly endless side stories, it was hard for any fan or participant to nail down one defining moment.
My week started at the New York International Auto Show (NYIAS) for the unveiling of the 50th Anniversary Mustang. Ford Chief Operating Officer Mark Fields spoke at the NYIAS breakfast, and shortly thereafter, Bill Ford Jr. presented the 50th Anniversary Mustang to the world.
That evening, I was invited to a special reception at the Empire State Building, where I saw a 2015 Mustang convertible perched on the 86th floor Observation Deck! This replicated a stunt Ford pulled off in 1966. I was engaged in conversation with Mustang Lead Engineer Dave Pericak, and also mingled with Mark Fields and Bill Ford Jr. Seeing a brand-new Mustang at a world-famous landmark and speaking with Ford brass would be considered an amazing day for any automotive journalist or Ford enthusiast. Pericak, Fields and Ford were bursting with pride over the 2015 Mustang and genuinely interested in how Mustang enthusiasts feel about America's most iconic automobile.
The following morning, with little rest, I was off to the official Mustang 50th Birthday Celebration in Charlotte. Fans there saw the Wimbledon White 50th Anniversary Mustang (a Kona Blue model was shown in Vegas), as well as thousands of Stangs, on-track racing and amazing vendors. For many, it was their first live glimpse of the 2015 Mustang. The response was amazing, as Dave Pericak and Bill Ford Jr., Mark Fields, John Clor, and other dignitaries spoke to the anxious crowd.
Another highlight was our tour of Daniel Carpenter Mustang Reproductions. DCMR is one of the premier manufacturers of reproduction Ford parts and the facility is amazing. Carpenter owns many of the original Ford molds and stamping equipment that were used to produce everything from door seal moldings, Pony center caps, lenses for many Ford models, and a multitude of assorted parts. He's also procured a Fox Mustang collection that had me gasping. (You can read about the tour on at Mustang-360.com.)
One car in particular, took me back to the summer of 1985. I distinctly remember sitting on my bed reading about Ford's stealthy 5.0 LX in Hot Rod magazine's Roddin' At Random column. I had an affliction for understated sleeper muscle cars, and the plain 5.0 LX appealed to my craving for a bare-bones V-8/stick-shift-equipped machine. At $9,300, it was somewhat affordable, too. I wanted one badly. So imagine my surprise when I entered Carpenter's upstairs showroom and saw an all-original '85 5.0 LX coupe—the very car that got me hooked on Fox-body Mustangs.
I darted around the 1,100-mile example in full geek-out mode, snapping pics of every detail. It's the very car I would have ordered (had I been rocking $9,300 in 1985). It had roll-up windows, a five-speed, vinyl seats, and the 5.0L engine—a drag racer's dream. Carpenter let me slip into the driver's seat and I imagined myself cranking the timing, burning the Gatobacks, and blowing off some nasty powershifts. And while that wasn't going to happen, it was cool to grip the wheel and glide the T5 carefully through the gates.
For me, the Mustang 50th Anniversary Celebration could have ended right there. I'd come full circle, from dreaming about owning a 5.0, to purchasing my '87 LX 5.0 (which I still own), to racing one, and then becoming editor of my favorite magazine—to now, years later, seeing the LX that got my heart racing on Mustangs.
As car junkies, isn't that what we're all after? It's the memories of the cars and the people that I cherish. The car hobby has given me a plethora of wonderful experiences. And it's my hope that our magazine and our website bring the same enjoyment to you and your family, so you can live your own Mustang dreams.


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Two people were killed overnight in a single-car crash in Orange County, according to multiple news reports.
The crash occurred in Pine Island about 7:30 p.m. on Saturday night.
Warwick police said a BMW carrying four people careened off a dark stretch of Glenwood Road.
Warwick firefighters and police arrived to find the car smashed up in the front yard of an unoccupied home along Glenwood Road, just north of the New Jersey border.
"They found a one car-rollover," Lt. John Rader told News12 in this report. "The car had gone off the roadway, rolled on to its side, up against an unoccupied residence.".
Two of the BMW's female occupants were killed in the crash. Two men in the BMW suffered injuries. Their names had not been released by police and it was unclear who was driving the car when it rolled over.
Both men were hospitalized: one was flown to Westchester Medical Center and the other was taken by ambulance to Orange Regional Medical Center.
Police have not said what may have caused the accident.
"We are in the early parts of the investigation," Rader told News12.
Rader said that Warwick police are working with the State Police Reconstruction Unit and the Orange County District Attorney's Office to determine the cause of the accident and any related circumstances.
Click here to sign up for Daily Voice's free daily emails and news alerts.


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Lambingan Pinoy Tambayan
To watch TV and drama serial this is the part of every culture for the purpose to get entertainment and to be aware of the culture. Lambingan Pinoy Tambayan is a Philippine TV that broadcast the live streaming of all the TV shows, drama serials, and the Philippine films. Lambingan Pinoy Tambayanbasically consists of three words and the main purpose is hidden behind these words. Lambingan meaning to provide affectionately and brings the people close together, the second is Pinoy meaning that to the place where we are able to introduce the Philippines culture and the third one is Tambayan to watch the drama serials and the TV show online.
The Lambingan is basically the waterfall in the province Romblon and the name of this waterfall is Lambingan waterfall. The household of Philippines watch the drama serials and the films watch online and not just to get entertainment but also the basic goal to brings close together families and friends.
Tambayan Lambingan – Online TV Show:
The online Pinoy network that is the world no 1 online network to watch drama serials and TV shows is GMA 7. This network adds the different variety of ABS-CBN TV channels and become part of this huge network and be proud to a part of the Philippines culture. The people of this culture are so much busy in their life and have not enough time to watch their favourite TFC TV shows and the drama serials. So, this network overcomes this problem and provide them all the drama serial live and the previous episodes. We are passionate and work with a passion for the Philippines culture and dedicate all their favourite dramas and satisfy. Here you can search the previous episodes that you miss due to the busy life and enjoy. We need to know about the cultural norms either we are living in the Philippines or some other countries. When we watch the drama serial that reflects the culture then we do not feel that we are away from our family and friends.
Latest Drama and TV Shows of Pinoy Lambingan:
This network provides us with the daily show, weekend show and the daily drama that consist of the par episodes daily. Some other networks are also available that provide the streaming. But they have not the high quality and instead you get entertain you get bored and become hyper. The main drama and the daily, weekly show that the people watch with interest are The One The Got Away Since I Found You, Bagani, Kambal Karibal, TV Patrol, The Blood Sister and 24 Oras. These are the most favourite drama serial and here you can watch with HD quality.
Pinoy Tambayan Lambingan – Brings Family Together
The Pinoy Tambayan provide us with the high quality and the HD quality of the episode and the drama that you want to watch. This channel becomes very popular among all the other channels of Philippines due to the high quality and you watch free. And you cannot find any issue during the streaming of daily shows, morning shows, and the weekend show. People feel comfort because they do not request again and again for the quality and streaming problem. This is the largest platform that works for the Philippines culture and for the easiness. If you really love your culture and want to watch the daily show that is also available for here as per Pinoy TV. Lambingan Pinoy vast there circles and update the stories on FB pages. So you can also get all the stories from FB pages and get the latest updates must subscribe the Lambingan Pinoy Tambayan and visit this site to get the updated stuff that makes you get entertainment.


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Ending poverty means closing the gaps between women and men
For the first time in history, the number of people living in extreme poverty has fallen below 10%. The world has never been as ambitious about development as it is today. After adopting the Sustainable Development Goals and signing the Paris climate deal at the end of 2015, the global community is now looking into the best and most effective ways of reaching these milestones. In this five-part series I will discuss what the World Bank Group is doing and what we are planning to do in key areas that are critical for ending poverty by 2030: good governance, gender equality, conflict and fragility, creating jobs, and, finally, preventing and adapting to climate change.
The world is a better place for women and girls in 2016 than even a decade ago. But not for everyone, and definitely not everywhere: This is especially true in the world's poorest, most fragile countries.
It's also particularly true regarding women's economic opportunities. Gender gaps in employment, business, and access to finance hold back not just individuals but whole economies—at a time when we sorely need to boost growth and create new jobs globally.
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- Gender-Based Violence
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- female
- Sahel
- Adolescent Girls Initiative
- data
- Gender Data
- financial inclusion
- maternal and child health
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- inequality and shared prosperity
- Violence
- conflict
- fragility
- girls education
- Social Development
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- international development association


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The rest of Los Angeles may seem as congested as ever, but traffic at UCLA is the lightest it's ever been since the university began measuring more than 20 years ago.
"Vehicle counts are lower now than they were in 1990, when the cordon count first began," according to UCLA Transportation's newly released State of the Commute annual report, which tracks all vehicles driving into and out of campus. The reduced traffic represents the success of UCLA Transportation's focus on lowering the number of drive-alone commuters at UCLA to lighten traffic and reduce air pollution.
UCLA Transportation offers incentives to encourage UCLA's approximately 41,000 students and 26,000 employees to use alternative transportation, including a 50 percent subsidy for transit passes, discounted parking for carpoolers and a partially subsidized vanpool. The department also offers a variety of other benefits through the Bruin Commuter Club, which is open to all alternative-mode commuters, from bikers and walkers to bus-riders and carpoolers.
"The number of UCLA commuters taking public transit has more than doubled since 2000," said Renée Fortier, executive director of UCLA Events & Transportation. "This is largely due to the popularity of our department subsidizing at least 50 percent toward a UCLA student or employee's purchase of a transit pass for any of the service providers coming to campus."
UCLA is approaching its goal of convincing half of its employees to switch to alternative transit, and only 52.9 percent currently drive to work alone, compared with nearly 72 percent of Los Angeles County drivers. Only 25 percent of students drive alone.
UCLA's 50 percent goal is part of the campus's Climate Action Plan and a focus of the department's Transportation Demand Management program.
The 2011 commuting report marks the eighth consecutive year that UCLA's vehicle count dropped. With an average of 102,000 trips daily, the number of vehicle trips into and out of UCLA in 2011 was more than 3 percent lower than in 2010 and almost 20 percent lower than the campus's peak in 2003.


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What we are learning about reading on mobile phones and devices in developing countries
Each year on 8 September, groups around the world gather together to celebrate "International Literacy Day", which is meant to highlight the importance of reading, and of being able to read. In the words of UNESCO, the UN organization which sponsors International Literacy Day, "Literacy is one of the key elements needed to promote sustainable development, as it empowers people so that they can make the right decisions in the areas of economic growth, social development and environmental integration." As contentious as issues around education around the world can be at times, there is little debate about the fundamental importance of literacy to most human endeavors.
New technologies can play important roles in helping to enable efforts and activities to teach people to learn how to read -- and to provide people with access to reading materials. As part of its communications outreach on International Literacy Day this year, for example, UNESCO highlighted recent experiences in Senegal targeting illiterate girls and women, where it has found that "mobile phones, computers, internet and TV make literacy courses much more attractive for illiterate women."
The potential for mobile phones and other mobile devices like e-readers to aid in literacy efforts has been a recurrent theme explored on the EduTech blog. In so-called 'developing countries', books may be scarce and/or expensive in many communities -- and reading materials that *are* locally available may not be of great interest or relevance to many potential readers. The fact that increasing numbers of people in such communities are carrying small portable electronic devices with them at all times capable of displaying text, and which indeed can hold tens, even thousands of digital 'books', has not gone unnoticed by organizations seeking to increase literacy and promote reading.
Two recent publications -- Reading in the Mobile Era and Mobiles for Reading: A Landscape Review -- attempt to take stock of and learn from many of the leading efforts around the world in this regard.


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Lincoln delivers bloody alternate history lesson
While you might think you know what you're getting with Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter, director Timur Bekmambetov and writer Seth Grahame-Smith seem bound and determined to defy any expectations viewers bring with them. While some might initially lump this in with 1966's Billy the Kid vs. Dracula and other fodder that's knowingly bad, those involved with this mash-up play it straight, delivering the story as if it were a groundbreaking documentary on The History Channel. Surprisingly, it works, as the cast and Bekmambetov never waver in the serious tone they take. This results in a movie that's far more entertaining than it has any right to be, while it makes some surprisingly pointed metaphors as it draws comparisons from its outlandish premise to the War Between the States.
The film wastes little time filling in the gaps of our history books. It opens up on a young Lincoln growing up in Indiana, witnessing the vagaries of slavery firsthand when he sees his young friend Will abused at the hands of his master. Interfering when he shouldn't, the would-be emancipator sees his family targeted by a group of vampires who are in league with local slave-runners. Seems the undead have set up their headquarters in the Deep South where feeding is easy, what with the slave population so readily at hand. While historians may claim Nancy Lincoln died of milk poisoning, revisions must be done as the film assures us that she was a victim of a vampire attack.
As Lincoln (Benjamin Walker) grows, his thirst for vengeance consumes him. Under the tutelage of Henry Sturgess (Dominic Cooper), he learns to dispatch vampires with a single whack from his silver-headed axe, going from town to town on his personal scorched earth campaign. Finally settling in Springfield, he meets and marries Mary Todd (Mary Elizabeth Winstead), enters into a life of politics, which leads to the White House, all the while being closely watched by Adam (Rufus Sewell), the king of the undead, who's eager to test Lincoln's mettle.
In keeping with the film's serious tone, the production values are top-notch. All of the period costumes, sets and locations have a worn, authentic feel to them. This helps considerably in creating a genuine sense of a past in which supernatural beings might thrive, fueled by a pervasive belief in the supernatural. However, the most effective tool in selling this tale is how Grahame-Smith weaves his alternate history with real-life events. Slavery is equated with vampirism as similar states of being undead. It proves to be an unexpectedly powerful metaphor, especially once the Civil War gets underway. We see rebels and the undead fighting side-by-side to preserve their way of life.
The script has plenty of holes in it (Lincoln and his aides are able to melt boxcar loads of silver and fashion it into cannonballs and bayonets overnight), but Bekmambetov wisely keeps things moving at a near breathless pace, moving from gory battle to historical interlude and back again with a fluidity that effortlessly sweeps you away. While Walker is a bit stiff early on, he grows into the role. Winstead humanizes Mary by giving her a fiery wit and sense of resolve in the face of considerable adversity.
Against all odds, Lincoln proves to be a bloody good time that works because it refuses to play things tongue in cheek, maintaining a consistent tone throughout. This is wise, as a film divided against itself cannot stand.
Contact Chuck Koplinski at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Yes, this blog is normally reserved for all things Seahawks, Mariners, and Sounders, but right now we're dedicating this space to a less well-known, but far more inspiring local athlete.
I've written about Andre Kajlich a couple of times now. Really, his story is one worth reading. Kajlich, who grew up in Edmonds, lost both of his legs in a 2003 accident in Prague. He only recently discovered triathlon, but has quickly become a force in the handcycle division of the sport.
Last season, less than a year after he took up the sport, Kajlich finished second at the Ironman World Championships in Kona. Today, he did one better, winning a world championship in his classification.
And rather than rest, Kajlich will head to Auckland, New Zealand next week for the ITU Triathlon World Championships, where he will try to win a second world championship in as many weeks in a very different version of triathlon. Unlike Ironman competitions, which involve a 2.4-mile swim, a 112-mile bike (hand cycle in Kajlich's case) and a marathon run (race wheelchair for Kajlich), the race in Auckland is a sprint, with paratriathletes competing on a course that consists of a 750-meter swim, and 20-K hand cycle and a 5-K race wheelchair.


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Associated Press
OAKLAND, Calif. — A second Bay Area Rapid Transit labor union has ratified the contract agreement that brought to an end a bitter labor dispute that led to two San Francisco area transportation strikes, officials said Saturday.
BART said the company had reached agreement with the Amalgamated Transit Union Local 1555, whose members voted to approve the four-year deal.
ATU president Antonette Bryant said members ratified the contract by a "significant margin" but would not provide specific numbers.
The other, Service Employees International Union Local 1021, announced late Friday that its members had approved the contract, with 88-percent voting for it.
"The Bay Area and our riders will benefit from these contracts because BART will be able to move forward with the replacement of our aging fleet of train cars and the needed upgrades to meet demand," BART general manager Grace Crunican, said in a statement.
The agreement includes a 15 percent raise and safer working conditions.
The deal also requires BART workers to pay into their pensions for the first time and increases their monthly health care contributions from about $92 to $129. The unions represent train operators, station agents, custodians and maintenance and clerical workers.
Both unions went on strike for nearly five days in July and after a state-mandated cooling off-period, went back to the picket lines for another four days last month angering thousands of commuters.
During the second strike, two BART workers were killed by a train operated by an employee under training in Walnut Creek on Oct. 19. Company and union officials returned to the bargaining table and reached a deal days later.
BART's board of directors still needs to vote on the contract at its next meeting, which the agency said would happen "soon."
Local & State
Appeals court won't delay Maine judge's order for jail inmate to receive drug treatment
Maine Crime
Four men charged with cutting dozens of rival lobsterman's traps
Maine Crime
Maine Supreme Judicial Court rejects Luc Tieman murder appeal
Idexx lawsuit alleging stolen trade secrets settled
Pine Cone Reelers Square Dance Club workshops, lessons to finish


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Note: Dyed by hand in small batches, Madelinetosh yarns do not come in dye lots. We do our best to visually match hanks for each order and will contact you via email if one or more hanks differ noticeably from the others. The beauty of hand-dyed yarns is that each hank is a unique work of art, so please be aware that there can be a variation in coloring, hue and saturation, even within the same dye batch.If you have any questions, give us a call or check out our videos on working with hand-dyed yarns!
Madelinetosh Pashmina is a 3-ply yarn made up of 75% merino wool, 15% silk and 10% cashmere, a similar fiber blend to the famous woven pashmina scarves.
This machine washable blend is hand-dyed in small dye lots and knits up to create a soft fabric with great drape.
Mrs. Crosby Hat Box Yarn is a similar yarn: merino wool, machine wash, sport (24-26 sts/4 in), 5.5-6 sts / inch, on size 3-5 US needles. You may also like Manos Del Uruguay Silk Blend Yarn, which is another similar yarn: merino wool and 5.5-6 sts / inch.
What about yarn that have the same look and feel? Find more yarn that is organic dye and ethically sourced, and a smooth / uniform texture.
You may enjoy taking a look at the Madelinetosh Pashmina Scandies Mitts, Madelinetosh Pashmina Winterfell Cardigan, Madelinetosh Pashmina Hippie Swamp Witch Shawl, and Madelinetosh Pashmina Kricka Top kits all using Madelinetosh Pashmina Yarn.
Hopefully our suggested project ideas for Madelinetosh Pashmina Yarn can help you come up with your next exciting new project idea!


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Let $A$ be a complex, unital and commutative Banach-algebra.
Question: Is the maximal spectrum $Max(A)$ of $A$ endowed with the topology induced by the prime spectrum $Spec(A)$ of $A$, Hausdorff?
Background: By Gel'fand-Mazur, there is a continuous bijection from the spectrum $Sp(A)$ of $A$ (defined as the set of characters of $A$ endowed with the weak*-topology) onto $Max(A)$. The map sends a character to its kernel. I would like to know whether this bijection is a homeomorphism and this is equivalent to asking whether $Max(A)$ is Hausdorff. If $A$ is a $C^*$-algebra, then the answer is 'yes', because then $A$ is the ring of complex, continuous functions on $Sp(A)$ (by Gel'fand-Naimark) and one can use partition of unity to get the Hausdorff property of $Max(A)$


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Lexus ES350 Power Steering Rack FOR SALE
The Lexus ES350 Power Steering Rack, a part of your power steering system, provides your vehicle with a power-assist while steering. It converts the rotational motion of the steering wheel into the linear motion needed to turn the wheels of the vehicle while steering. The power steering system incorporates a steering pump that draws the steering fluid from the reservoir and delivers it at a high pressure through the steering column, back to the reservoir. The steering column houses a rotary spool valve that directs the flow of the steering fluid to the power steering rack. The power steering rack has a cylinder that encloses a piston. Two fluid inlets, corresponding to the left and right, extending on the cylinder on either side of the piston are connected to the rotary valve outlets. When the driver turns the steering wheel, the high-pressure steering fluid is pushed through the corresponding inlet. The fluid pushes against the central piston to provide the car with the necessary power-assist. If you sense a stiff steering or if you sense a play in your steering wheel while driving straight, it's a possible indicator of a faulty component in your power steering rack.
If you are looking for a genuine Lexus ES350 Power Steering Rack, you have come to the right place. Buy Auto Parts has a wide range of steering parts for every car make and model. We sell genuine OEM replacements and premium aftermarket parts at unbeatable prices. Each of our steering parts has been tested to meet or exceed industry standards. We provide free shipping on all orders above US $99.
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text: Book your stay at Courtyard Hotels in San Francisco and prepare to enjoy the sights and sounds of the district, as well as world-class amenities. Moreover , these hotels are well known because of its featuring high speed internet and luxury bedding. Convenient amenities such as valet parking, an onsite Starbucks, Whispers Bar and Grill in the lobby, breakfast at Jasmines Restaurant, room service, event catering, indoor pool and fitness room are all standard at downtown San Francisco, CA hotel.


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Hostess threatened by striking bakers
The old joke among junk-food addicts is that Twinkies never expire. But the same might not be true of Hostess Brands Inc., maker of the iconic American snack.
Hostess said Thursday that the company could be forced to file a motion in U.S. Bankruptcy Court today to begin liquidating the company and start laying off 18,000 workers nationwide. Hostess has 187 workers in Connecticut, including 38 at facilities in Uncasville and Norwich.
Representatives of Hostess, based in Irving, Texas, said they expect to announce today whether the company has been able to negotiate with strikers to avoid a shutdown. Striking workers had until 5 p.m. Thursday to return to work, they said, and allow the company to resume normal operations.
The company, which makes Ho Hos, Suzy Q's, Donettes, Wonder Bread and Ding Dongs, among other products, filed a Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification this week in Connecticut, saying that a strike by the Bakery, Confectionery, Tobacco Workers and Grain Millers International Union had crippled production at plants in Cincinnati, Seattle and St. Louis.
"We simply do not have the financial resources to survive an ongoing national strike," said Gregory F. Rayburn, the company's chairman and chief executive, in a statement.
Hostess doesn't bake any of its products in Connecticut, but it has sites in East Windsor, Cheshire and Bridgeport, along with the Uncasville distribution center and Norwich retail store. The company, which dates to the 1930s, also makes and distributes Dolly Madison, Drake's and Nature's Pride products.
Hostess, which has been battling financial problems tied to high costs and declining sales, emerged from a previous bankruptcy under the name Interstate Bakeries just three years ago. Many of its competitors do not have union employees, and the company has been fighting a market trend that has cut American's consumption of white bread and calorie-laden snacks.
Jeff Parlato, vice president of human resources and labor relations for Hostess, said in a letter to the state Labor Department that other unions had ratified modified collective bargaining agreements to help the company successfully emerge from bankruptcy.
But the bakery workers union did not ratify a new agreement, he said, instead launching strikes that would, if they continued, make it impossible to emerge from Chapter 11 bankruptcy as a viable company.
Hostess said it would be deciding overnight whether to request a hearing Monday on its possible bankruptcy court motion to begin liquidating the company. If a judge grants the motion, Hostess would begin closing all its operations Tuesday, leading to termination notices for nearly all the company's employees, except for small crews needed to secure facilities and prepare them for sale.
"It is now up to (the bakery workers union) to decide if they want to call off the strike and save this company, or cause massive financial harm to thousands of employees and their families," Rayburn, the Hostess CEO, said in a statement.
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Open Box (Scratch and Dent) Recording King Studio Series 12 Fret OO Acoustic/Electric Guitar with Cutaway
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An OO size guitar with superior sound quality, excellence in construction, and Fishman electronics.
The Recording King Studio Series 12 Fret OO Acoustic/Electric Guitar with Cutaway was developed in collaboration with guitarist and historian Eric Schoenberg. This guitar (model RP2-626-CFE1) offers players the even frequency response, clarity and wider neck traditional to a classic parlor style, but the unique addition of a cutaway gives fingerstyle guitarists easier access to the upper frets.
The one-piece mahogany neck with a classic v-profile meets the body at the 12-fret with a hand cut dovetail joint, giving these guitars a true small body sound, warm and rich, but perfectly balanced. The solid AAA Engelmann spruce top and solid mahogany back and sides have been carefully selected and hand-assembled.
With a 1-3/4" nut width, Grover tuners, ebony fretboard and ebony pyramid bridge, the OO guitars are as well-appointed and unique as they are beautiful. Each guitar is sprayed with a thin coat of nitrocellulose lacquer and then hand-buffed for a finish that is extremely resonant and historically accurate. The RP2-626-CFE1 model has Recording King's lifetime warranty.
This Recording King instrument features a Fishman Matrix VT preamp and pickup system, chosen for the way it compliments perfectly the guitar's natural sound. The system has an endpin mounted preamp with soundhole mounted rotary controls for volume and tone.
The size of guitars in this Studio Series are designated by the number of "O"s in their name. Starting with a single "O" for the smallest size and increasing to "OOO" for the largest.
More about the collaboration:
Eric Schoenberg's influence on guitar marries traditional fingerstyle playing to classic ragtime and walking basslines. His Fingerpicking Beatles book is considered an essential text for modern fingerstyle players (see our sku# 904086). Mr. Schoenberg prefers the 12-fret cutaway because he believes the 12-fret neck joint gives the guitars a gutsier voice, yet the cutaway is not so deep that it takes away from the sound. As Schoenberg describes it, the Recording King O and OO guitars offer the best of both a 12-fret and a 14-fret neck joint, thanks to the cutaway.
Recording King Studio guitars illustrate the relentless pursuit of classic tone. No element has been overlooked in assembling one of the best sounding 12-Fret guitars available.
Each guitar is built with lighter bracing for more resonance, and the ebony pyramid bridge helps enable greater vibration from the hand-selected tops.
The Nitrocellulose lacquer finish is dried for 8 weeks in order to insure that the lacquer is properly bonded to the wood. Both the gloss and matte finishes allow the guitars to sing powerfully and clearly.
Recording King has built the ultimate in small-body guitars for the discerning player who is looking for supreme sound quality and excellence in construction. Case sold separately.
- Model: P-CFE1
- Body Shape: OO (RP2)
- Top Material: Solid AAA Englemann Spruce
- Back Material: Solid African Mahogany
- Side Material: Solid African Mahogany
- Top Bracing Pattern: Fully Scalloped X-Bracing
- Top Braces: Scalloped Spruce
- Neck Material: 1 Piece Mahogany
- Neck Profile: Schoenberg "V"
- Neck Joint: Hand-Cut Dovetail
- Fretboard Material: Ebony
- Scale Length: 25.4"
- # Of Frets Clear: 12
- # Of Frets Total: 20
- Nut Material: Bone
- Nut Width: 1-3/4"
- Headstock Type: Recording King Special Logo
- Headstock Overlay: Rosewood
- Tuning Machines: Grover Butterbean
- Body Binding: Grained Ivoroid
- Rosette: 3-Ring
- Top Purfling: 5-Ply B/W/B/W/B
- Fretboard Inlays: Diamond And Square, Pattern 1
- Bridge Material: Ebony
- Bridge Shape: Pyramid Style
- Saddle: Bone Bridge
- Pins & Endpin: Black with Abalone Dot
- Finish: Hand-Buffed
- Nitrocellulose
- Electronics: Fishman Matrix
- Case sold separately
Feel and hear the magic of this traditional guitar. Order today.


text:
ECE 656 Lecture 26: Mobility in 3D, 2D, and 1D
Additional materials available (6)
Licensed according to this deed.
Published on
The goal in this lecture is to examine one scattering mechanism (ADP scattering) in 3D, 2D, and 1D to see how the scattering rate changes with dimensionality. Then we'll compare mobilities in 3D, 2D, and 1D.
- Review of ADP Scattering in 3D
- ADP Scattering in 2D: MCA
- ADP Scattering in 2D: FGR
- ADP Scattering in 1D: FGR
- Mobility in 1D, 2D, and 3D
This lecture is based on a set of notes prepared by Drs. George Bourianoff and Dmitri Nikonov of Intel Corporation with additional contributions by Dr. Sayed Hasan of Intel.
Nikonov, Dmitri, Bourianoff, George, Hasan, Sayed, "Notes on Scattering and Mobility in 1D, 2D, and 3D," 2009.
Cite this work
Researchers should cite this work as follows:
Armstrong 1109, Purdue University, West Lafayette


text:
Beauty Bar Presents
The Faceless
Lorna Shore, Dyscarnate, The Convalescence
Beauty Bar
517 E. Fremont
Las Vegas, NV, 89101
This event is 21 and over
Sumerian Records is extremely proud to announce the re-signing of their flagship artist, Los Angeles based progressive death metal titans THE FACELESS, who are close to completing the writing process for their much anticipated third full-length release. The group will enter guitarist's Michael Keene's studio in March to begin tracking the new effort and they will be documenting the entire process via a series of webisodes, so keep an eye out for the debut episode this March at www.facebook.com/thefaceless.
THE FACELESS are scheduled to headline the Sumerian showcase at SXSW at Emo's Annex on March 16th with Veil of Maya, Animals As Leaders and Upon A Burning Body rounding out the bill. If you are in the Austin, TX area this is one show that's not to be missed. The band will also perform a number of dates with Animals As Leaders around this showcase, so see below for the entire schedule.
Sumerian Records Creator Ash Avildsen states: "Of every signing in the history of Sumerian Records, I feel the re-signing of THE FACELESS is the most symbolic and monumental of all. Back in 2006 when I stopped touring, I was living in a one bedroom Venice Beach apartment as an aspiring but struggling DIY booking agent trying to pay the bills. With a dream of having a record label built upon the spirit of family and perseverance and comprised of a heavy, cutting edge roster, I set out to find the perfect first band. I could not have chosen a better group than THE FACELESS to begin the story of Sumerian Records. With no office or staff, just sheer determination and a vision, we shook hands and decided let's show the business what the little guys can do together with all the odds against us.
"Both as a huge fan and a true friend, I have watched the members of THE FACELESS go from being an unsigned, struggling local LA band to a critically acclaimed, internationally renowned, touring force that have been chosen to travel the planet w/Meshuggah, Lamb of God, Cannibal Corpse, In Flames, Between The Buried And Me, Necrophagist, The Black Dahlia Murder, Cynic and more. One of the greatest joys of my job is to be able to help incredibly talented musicians build and grow a career. THE FACELESS have undoubtedly become an influential, timeless, progressive metal act that continues to evolve before the world's eyes. Now with their songwriting at an all time high and their forward thinking approach to music showing no signs of slowing down, I believe 2011 will be the biggest year THE FACELESS has ever seen and I am very grateful to be a part of it."
Keene further comments: "After five years and two successful albums we've decided to sign on with the sphinx-obsessed, record-pedaling Sumerian Records for some more! We've worked together from the start of both of our respective careers and have grown together the whole way. That brings me to the question, if it ain't broke, why fix it? There is no doubt that Sumerian has been there for us time and time again when we've needed them and they continue to grow and expand as a label every day. I'm very confident in their work for us and am proud to not only call everyone at Sumerian our business partners, but also our great friends.
"This next record is going to be the most musical and progressive record we've made. Since recording Planetary Duality, the goals of THE FACELESS have changed a bit. You can still expect a fast, technical and blistering record, but I personally am less focused on a musical aesthetic and more on musicality and making an expressive, unique, moody and expansive record. Speed picking, flying double bass and skin melting guitar solos are certainly still in order. However, you can also expect more clean vocals with big harmonies, some unique instrumentation, dark moody passages, interesting keyboards, synth guitars, vocoder and sequenced segments. It's going to be the most focused and depressive FACELESS record to date.
"I'll also be filming as much of the recording process on my FlipCam and posting frequent webisodes along the way. I'm really excited to show our fans a glimpse into the daily life of THE FACELESS, the recording process and my little world at Keene Machine Studios. We hope you enjoy it as much as we do."
Upcoming Events
Beauty Bar
- Sorry, there are currently no upcoming events.


text:
Everblue Training Institute, provider of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification and courses, has begun a coordinated effort to assist the unemployed in exploring new job options.
The company has established a streamlined process, in addition to providing a dedicated coordinator, to help the unemployed become leading forces in the green economy. Through the program, unemployed workers can find local unemployment counseling resources and receive help in filling out government grant paperwork to get their training paid for.
Cadi Saunders, program manager, said: "Our services enable qualified individuals to take advantage of opportunities which shouldn't be missed just because they are in circumstances beyond their control."
The company's training courses provide networking opportunities for the unemployed. Trainees are advised to bring their business cards and handle the course as if it is an industry networking event. Among the participants in the courses are developers, investors, building owners, small business owners, and vice presidents from national corporations. Any one of the m could be potential employers for unemployed attendees.
"Candidates are advised on how to market themselves with their new credential as well as how to let prospective employers understand what LEED Certification means," added Saunders. "Once they are onboard, candidates can put their LEED Green Associate credential, for example, on their business cards, resumes, and e-mail signature blocks."
Developed by the U.S. Green Building Council, LEED has become the most distinguished and accepted environmental design and green building certification. Everblue offers the LEED exam for several certification courses, including Solar Professional and Energy Auditor Certifications.


text: It's difficult to not get nostalgic seeing these little lunches. Graphic designer David Laferriere had already been making lunch for his children. One morning he found a permanent marker near the sandwiches. Five years later, Laferriere has drawn illustrations on nearly 1,100 of his children's lunch bags. Depending on his morning inspiration, Laferriere will draw a different image each morning – animals, robots, monsters, even images that play with the shape of the sandwich. [via]


text:
Complete blood count
|Complete Blood Count
|File:Hematology Fishbone Schematic.png
Schematics (also called "Fishbones") of shorthand for complete blood count commonly used by clinicians. The shorthand on the right is used more often in the US. Hgb=Hemoglobin, WBC=White blood cells, Plt=Platelets, Hct=Hematocrit.
|Reference range
|Hgb: 120–175 g/L;
Plt: 140–450 × 109/L;
Hct: 31–53%
|Codes for CBC, e.g., 57021-8
A complete blood count (CBC), also known as a complete blood cell count, full blood count (FBC), or full blood exam (FBE), is a blood panel requested by a doctor or other medical professional that gives information about the cells in a patient's blood, such as the cell count for each cell type and the concentrations of various proteins and minerals. A scientist or lab technician performs the requested testing and provides the requesting medical professional with the results of the CBC.
Blood counts of various types have been used for clinical purposes since the 19th century. Automated equipment to carry out complete blood counts was developed in the 1950s and 1960s.[1]
The cells that circulate in the bloodstream are generally divided into three types: white blood cells (leukocytes), red blood cells (erythrocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). Abnormally high or low counts may indicate the presence of many forms of disease, and hence blood counts are amongst the most commonly performed blood tests in medicine, as they can provide an overview of a patient's general health status. A CBC is routinely performed during annual physical examinations in some jurisdictions.
Medical uses
Complete blood counts are done to monitor overall health, to screen for some diseases, to confirm a diagnosis of some medical conditions, to monitor a medical condition, and to monitor changes in the body caused by medical treatments.[2]
For patients who need blood transfusion, a blood count may be used to get data which would help plan an amount of treatment.[3] In such cases, the person should have only one blood count for the day, and the transfusion of red blood cells or platelets should be planned based on that.[3] Multiple blood draws and counts throughout the day are an excessive use of phlebotomy and can lead to unnecessary additional transfusions, and the extra unnecessary treatment would be outside of medical guidelines.[3]
File:CBC blood test.ogv A phlebotomist collects the sample through venipuncture, drawing the blood into a test tube containing an anticoagulant (EDTA, sometimes citrate) to stop it from clotting. The sample is then transported to a laboratory. Sometimes the sample is drawn off a finger prick using a Pasteur pipette for immediate processing by an automated counter.
In the past, counting the cells in a patient's blood was performed manually, by viewing a slide prepared with a sample of the patient's blood (a blood film, or peripheral smear) under a microscope. Presently, this process is generally automated by use of an automated analyzer, with only approximately 10–20% of samples now being examined manually.
Automated blood count
Most blood counts today include a CBC count and leukocyte differential count (LDC) (that is, not just the total WBC count but also the count of each WBC type, such as neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes). In addition, modern analyzers provide much more in addition.[4]
The blood is well mixed (though not shaken) and placed on a rack in the analyzer. This instrument has flow cells, photometers and apertures that analyze different elements in the blood. The cell counting component counts the numbers and types of different cells within the blood. The results are printed out or sent to a computer for review.
Blood counting machines aspirate a very small amount of the specimen through narrow tubing followed by an aperture and a laser flow cell. Laser eye sensors count the number of cells passing through the aperature, and can identify them; this is flow cytometry. The two main sensors used are light detectors and electrical impedance. The instrument measures the type of blood cell by analyzing data about the size and aspects of light as they pass through the cells (called front and side scatter). Other instruments measure different characteristics of the cells to categorize them.
Because an automated cell counter samples and counts so many cells, the results are very precise. However, certain abnormal cells in the blood may not be identified correctly, requiring manual review of the instrument's results and identification of any abnormal cells the instrument could not categorize.
In addition to counting, measuring and analyzing red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, automated hematology analyzers also measure the amount of hemoglobin in the blood and within each red blood cell. This is done by adding a diluent that lyses the cells which is then pumped into a spectro-photometric measuring cuvette. The change in color of the lysate equates to the hemoglobin content of the blood. This information can be very helpful to a physician who, for example, is trying to identify the cause of a patient's anemia. If the red cells are smaller or larger than normal, or if there is a lot of variation in the size of the red cells, this data can help guide the direction of further testing and expedite the diagnostic process so patients can get the treatment they need quickly.
Manual blood count
File:Manual Yeast Cell counting with a Microscope.jpg
Hemocytometers (counting chambers that hold a specified volume of diluted blood and divide it with grid lines) are used to calculate the number of red and white cells per litre of blood. (The dilution and grid lines are needed because there are far too many cells without those aids.)
To identify the numbers of different white cells, a blood film is made, and a large number of white blood cells (at least 100) are counted. This gives the percentage of cells that are of each type. By multiplying the percentage with the total number of white blood cells, the absolute number of each type of white cell can be obtained.
Manual counting is useful in cases where automated analyzers cannot reliably count abnormal cells, such as those cells that are not present in normal patients and are only seen in peripheral blood with certain haematological conditions. Manual counting is subject to sampling error because so few cells are counted compared with automated analysis. A manual count will also give information about other cells that are not normally present in peripheral blood, but may be released in certain disease processes.
Medical technologists examine blood film via a microscope for some CBCs, not only to find abnormal white cells, but also because variation in the shape of red cells is an important diagnostic tool. Although automated analysers give fast, reliable results regarding the number, average size, and variation in size of red blood cells, they do not detect cells' shapes. Also, some normal patients' platelets will clump in EDTA anticoagulated blood, which causes automatic analyses to give a falsely low platelet count. The person viewing the slide in these cases will see clumps of platelets and can estimate if there are low, normal, or high numbers of platelets.
Included tests
A complete blood count will normally include:
White cells
- Total white blood cells are reported, and a differential reports all the white cell types as a percentage and as an absolute number per litre.[5] A high WBC may indicate an infection.
- Neutrophil granulocytes: May indicate bacterial infection. May also be raised in acute viral infections. Because of the segmented appearance of the nucleus, neutrophils are sometimes referred to as "segs". The nucleus of less mature neutrophils is not segmented, but has a band or rod-like shape. Less mature neutrophils—those that have recently been released from the bone marrow into the bloodstream—are known as "bands" or "stabs". Stab is a German term for rod.[6]
- Lymphocytes: Higher with some viral infections such as glandular fever. Raised in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Can be decreased by HIV infection. In adults, lymphocytes are the second most common WBC type after neutrophils. In young children under age 8, lymphocytes are more common than neutrophils.[6]
- Monocytes: May be raised in bacterial infection, tuberculosis, malaria, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, monocytic leukemia, chronic ulcerative colitis and regional enteritis [6]
- Eosinophil granulocytes: Increased in parasitic infections, asthma, or allergic reaction.
- Basophil granulocytes: May be increased in bone marrow related conditions such as leukemia or lymphoma.[6]
Red cells
- Total red blood cells: The number of red cells is given as an absolute number per litre.[5] Iron deficiency Anemia shows up as a Low RBC count.
- Hemoglobin: The amount of hemoglobin in the blood, expressed in grams per decilitre.[5] A low level of Hemoglobin is a sign of anemia.
- LOINC codes for this test(Note: not all the codes in the search result are suitable for this test.)
- Hematocrit or packed cell volume (PCV): This is the fraction of whole blood volume that consists of red blood cells.[5]
- Red blood cell indices[7]
- Mean corpuscular volume (MCV): the average volume of the red cells, measured in femtolitres.[5] Anemia is classified as microcytic or macrocytic if the MCV value is above or below the expected normal range; anemias are classified as normocytic if the MCV is within the expected range. Other conditions that can affect MCV include thalassemia, reticulocytosis, alcoholism, chemotherapy, Vitamin B12 deficiency, and/or Folic acid deficiency.
- Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH): the average amount of hemoglobin per red blood cell, in picograms.[5]
- Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC): the average concentration of hemoglobin in the cells.
- Red blood cell distribution width (RDW): the variation in cellular volume of the RBC population.
- Platelet numbers are given, as well as information about their size and the range of sizes in the blood.[5]
- Mean platelet volume (MPV): a measurement of the average size of platelets.
An example report format for a complete blood count. Note that test names, measurement units and reference ranges may vary between countries and laboratories. Patient results should always be interpreted using the units and reference ranges from the laboratory that produced the results.
Certain disease states are defined by an absolute increase or decrease in the number of a particular type of cell in the bloodstream. For example:
|Type of Cell
|Red Blood Cells (RBC)
|erythrocytosis or polycythemia
|anemia or erythroblastopenia
|White Blood Cells (WBC):
|– lymphocytes
|– lymphocytosis
|– lymphocytopenia
|– granulocytes:
|– granulocytosis
|– granulocytopenia or agranulocytosis
|– –neutrophils
|– –neutrophilia
|– –neutropenia
|– –eosinophils
|– –eosinophilia
|– –eosinopenia
|– –basophils
|– –basophilia
|– –basopenia
|All cell lines
Many disease states are heralded by changes in the blood count:
- Leukocytosis can be a sign of infection
- Thrombocytopenia can result from drug toxicity
- Pancytopenia is generally referred to as the result of decreased production from the bone marrow, and is a common complication of cancer chemotherapy
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Mayo Clinic (14 February 2014). "Complete blood count (CBC) Why it's done - Tests and Procedures". mayoclinic.org. Retrieved 29 July 2014.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 American Association of Blood Banks (24 April 2014), "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question", Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation, American Association of Blood Banks, retrieved 25 July 2014<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>, which cites
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 David C., Dugdale (19 March 2012). "CBC: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". MedlinePlus. United States National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 29 July 2014.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 "Complete Blood count with Differential". RbCeus.com. 2013. Retrieved 2014-11-21.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "RBC indices". MedlinePlus: U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 1 June 2013.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ References at Reference ranges for blood tests#White blood cells 2
External links
- Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens—Free online book at NCBI Bookshelf ID: NBK2261
- Complete Blood Count—Lab Tests Online


text:
Speed delivery of new applications and services with WebSphere® Application Server, which can help businesses offer richer user experiences through the rapid delivery of innovative applications. Choose from a comprehensive set of open standards-based programming models to better align project needs with programming model capabilities and developer skills.
This trial has all features enabled. Download the trial for an evaluation period of 60 days free of charge. WebSphere Application Server Liberty is also available with the installation or can be downloaded separately from the WebSphere developer site.
Additionally, WebSphere Application Server now has a no-charge and no-support option for web-centric application usage in test and production environments, which is limited to a combined 2 GB of memory across all instances of application servers for the licensee. Production use beyond a combined 2 GB of heap size requires purchase of license entitlements.