text:
FARAYA, Lebanon (Reuters) - The mountains north of Beirut, usually a snowy winter playground for skiers and other tourists vital for Lebanon's services-based economy, are brown, muddy and completely empty this season.
Hotel rooms lie vacant and winter sports rental shops are idle, with the lack of snow deterring even the keenest visitors.
An unseasonably warm and dry winter - the mildest in decades by most accounts - has also endangered the harvest of vineyards which export prize-winning Lebanese wines around the world.
Along with worsening security problems and political gridlock, the fickle weather has exacerbated a three-year drop in tourism in this small Mediterranean country. Before the conflict in neighboring Syria erupted in 2011, the sector generated about 10 percent of economic output.
"This is the first time the slopes have not opened at all," said Joost Komen, general manager of Intercontinental Mzaar, the largest hotel and ski lodge in Faraya.
"That there is limited snow, it happens. But that there is absolutely no snow? No, this has never happened."
Komen told Reuters revenues were down more than 80 percent, directly affecting around 600 families dependent on hotel jobs. Ski instructors, rental shops and other businesses that benefit from seasonal activity have also taken a severe blow.
"God forbid we have another year like this. If it happens again, you'll see many shops shutting down," said one vendor, sitting in a parking lot full of idle all-terrain vehicles.
An early snowstorm in December battered the Middle East with high winds and dropped around 30 cm of white powder in Faraya. Many thought it was a harbinger of a long and cold winter to come. Aid agencies worried about hundreds of thousands of Syrian refugees living in crude shelters at high altitudes.
But that first snowfall was not enough to open the slopes. There has been almost no precipitation since. Though it could still snow in March or even April, the damage has been done.
"What happened in January and February is gone. This is money unrecoverable," Komen said.
Marwan Barakat, chief economist at Bank Audi, said those two months witnessed a decline in arrivals at Beirut airport, one of few metrics available for analyzing the tourism sector.
"This is probably due to some tourism foregone because of the adverse winter conditions," he said.
Lack of precipitation and mild temperatures are creating problems for vineyards and farms across Lebanon.
Government observations put rainfall through the beginning of March at less than half the average for this time of year.
Massaya vineyard, spread out over 40 hectares (100 acres) in the Bekaa valley, is one of several struggling to cope.
Ramzi Ghosn, the winemaker at Massaya, said the lack of moisture would cut volumes of wine production significantly, although it might not jeopardize the quality. "The more the vines suffer, the better the wine usually," he said.
But the mild winter will make vines start growing again and sprouting earlier than usual, meaning that a late winter storm or even just a brief cold spell could devastate the harvest.
"In Lebanon, we always said we don't have to worry about the vines because we have perfect weather...but we have to worry about other issues. This year, in addition to the geopolitical issues, we have to worry about the vines," said Ghosn.
Farmers of other crops are already feeling the effects of the abnormal winter weather.
Hassan Mheish, a farmer in the northern region of Tripoli, said the lack of rain had drastically reduced his almond crop and threatened to destroy the olive and lemon harvests.
Standing on dry, cracked soil in an olive grove he manages, he said the government should build dams and take other steps to alleviate the impact of dwindling water resources on farmers.
"The wells are drying up. Now they're mostly giving only mud and soil," the farmer sighed.
Additional reporting by Reuters TV; Editing by Alistair Lyon


text:
For the overwhelming majority of us, cold weather has set in and with it comes some unwelcome concerns. In this issue I want to address a few problems and make some suggestions for dealing with them.
Exterior Walls
Let's start with existing exterior caulking and areas where there most likely isn't any. Your houseboat's exterior walls are constructed of FRP (fiberglass reinforced panels); these permanently finished panels are very durable and should last a very long time. Because our houseboat cabins are built and pieced together with these, it is necessary for the houseboat manufacturer to join or butt these together. You can easily see these joints by looking for the vertical moldings that are cut to fit and screwed to the side of the cabin.
Don't be surprised if you don't see any caulk here, but there certainly needs to be.
Here is a potential place for water invasion that can cause serious issues, either by wicking water into the interior and rotting the wood structure, or in the cold weather months, the water seeping in, freezing and expanding, causing the panels and inner structure to separate. When this happens and warm weather comes around, it doesn't shrink back into place. Now the crack is wider and the issues start to escalate with time.
We can do some maintenance here to keep this from happening or stop it from continuing. At the very least you should cut away any caulk that appears to be separated from the moldings and re-caulk using a good exterior mold and mildew resistant silicone caulk. The best way is to remove the screws securing the moldings to the wall and remove it. Now caulk the space between the two joined pieces, making certain no more moisture can penetrate between them. Give the caulk ample time to dry or cure before reinstalling the molding. When you do screw it back on you might at this time consider replacing the screws with stainless steel ones if yours are rusting.
Once the molding is reinstalled you will need to caulk it to the panel as well.
Now that's done, a close inspection of the rear rounded corners needs to be completed. These don't need to be removed, but certainly need to be caulked as well. Next we need to inspect the window caulk as well as the front and rear doors and repair as needed. We need to go top side for some inspections as well. All of your railing top side is simply attached to the floor using wood screws. All of these attaching points should have been drilled and filled with caulk prior to the screws being installed. I'm not suggesting that all these be removed and re-caulked, but they should be checked to assure they are still snug. If a loose one is found, remove it and fill the hole with 3M Marine sealer and reset the screw. This applies to the screws holding the flybridge down as well.
Top Deck
Now for a more common issue-those beautiful magnificent arches. They support the party top and on some houseboats an upper deck. The issue here is they-like the railing-are screwed to the upper deck. These support a lot of weight and are prone to shaking and moving. This causes the attaching screws to work loose and or wallow out. This allows water to seep into the roof structure and like in the before-mentioned example, freeze in cold weather causing expansion and rot.
This is a more involved inspection, but worth a look by a trained eye due to the major damage it can cause. If repairs are needed here, you need a skilled professional.
Inside Walls
Now we've covered the outside, let's talk about the inside. Most houseboats built are not insulated. This means the windows are single pane and the walls and floor are not insulated. There is little you can do about the walls and windows, but you can certainly address the floor. Your houseboat hull is most likely made from aluminum and is 3/16 of an inch thick. Aluminum is an excellent thermal conductor. At the time of this article the surface temperature of our lake was 55 degrees and will drop to the 30's. The hull of the boat transfers that temperature to the crawl space beneath your floor.
In the summer months you have the same issue, but reverse. Our lake temperature In July will be 95 degrees as will the crawl space beneath the floor. My wife Merri and I chose to insulate the floor to reduce the cold from radiating through the floor in the winter and the heat in the summer. We used plastic wrapped R13 insulation purchased from our local home improvement center. We simply rolled it out and stapled it up between the floor joists and we also stapled it on the vertical lower cuddy walls. This made it instantly easier to maintain a comfortable temperature inside the boat.
The cost of materials was approx. $300 and it took about eight hours to complete.
Uncle Ricky
"Ask Uncle Ricky" was a recurring column in Houseboat magazine. For other houseboat maintenance tips please visit www.houseboatsAtoZ.com.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
All I want for Christmas ...
Willow River Elementary School letters to Santa
First grade, class of Erin Nordstrom
I would like a lalaloopey doll. I would like a hamster. And some candy too please.
I'm doing good. How are you doing? For crismis I wot a laptop and a IPad and a Drt bick and a toy cruck. Tank you for oll the toyz.
How are you doin todey? I am just great. I have been really nice all year long. I am wondering if at all possible could I please have pokemon considering my request.
Sincerely Roux
I would like a princess doll.
I would like 3 puppies.
I wud like a 3DS and a Super Mario sticker stin.
May I Have A Cinderella Doll and a horse carriage Christmas.
Can I have a motorcycle and a dog and a cat. I would really appreciate it.
I love Santa. Can I have a wii game called Just dance 3 and a 3DS game called Mario Paper Sticker star and MarioCart 7 and Mario 3Dland.
I would like to have a 3DS with a Mario sticker Strar with a morio Kart.
How are you doing today? I am good. Want am moter teand a dirt bike and an iPad
How are you doing today? I am Just great! I am wondering if you could give me a robot for Christmas. Thank you so much!
How arE you? I am just Fine! I Have been so goob. Can I pleas Have a Box filld with fethrs
How are you doing to day? I am cold, please can I have an Ipod
Sincerely, Lillian
How are you doing? I am doing fine. I have been reall nice this year. I want a lalaloopsy silly hair doll and a box of feathers and a ipad for Christmas thank you Santa
How are you doing today? I Wish For a American girl Doll anD a soccer ball anD a Computer.
How are you doing? I'm doing fine. I want a grave digger truck and an Xbox 360 and a cat.
First grade, class of Amy Thompson
I Love you. I want a fosll uf ash. I want a crosdow with a ro40gras. I want a snac. I want a scythe. I want a crabshell. I want the bigis fethr an the stat. I want a bolldeglls.
Vincent P.
I have been good. I woeld licke a racethack.
Santa I been very good. I want a Bratz doll with a horse! I want an American Girl doll! And a puppy.
I want Lincoln Logs. I want tinker toys. I want a stretcher. I want candyland. I want a schateboard.
I Love a Barbie that sings. I want Baby dolls and a crib for my Baby. I will want a stocking full of candy. I want a twin doll.
I would like you to Get me D.S. Game's. Jast To worn you I have been a very good Girl. I Believe in you Santa! Please Get me what I want Santa. I love you santa.
Ava I.
Lisa Frank Pet Shop teacher's Pet, Pet Shop STIckERS, STIckERS, liSa Frank StIckERS, CANDY StIckERS, October StIckERS
Lauryn M.
I want a doll. I want a dog. I want a ipad. I want baby clothes. I want a Stroller. I want a cat. I want a Lizard.
Maija Z.
I want a Santa doll and Unicorn and a teddy ber, a dog cat.
I, would, like, a IPod IPad Ifon. White nike shocks. Coly helmet Coly Pads Coly gloves I want sum snow Poots.
Dawson F.
I have be very good! I want a WWe champion bet! I want a brol and buddy! I want some NfL gufs I want a bicycle! I want some lesgos! I want some bonickls!
Nolan N.
What I wont for Christmis is a tomas the tran toy.
Ryan M.
I'Ve been very good this year. here is my list. Legos, yoyo, necklace. merry Christmas. be sure to tell yore Reindeer Hi for me.
LoVe Argus
Hav a mere Krmismis. I want a Lizard. I want a Frog and a jeep. I want a wolf toy. shark.
I want a snake and a gold fish I want a garrot and a alligator. I want a four wheeer and a dirt bike. I want a wiiu.
Caleb O.
Second grade, class of Mary Mach
Dear Santa
thank you for the toys Santa. I'm being very good! I'd Like a official Pro NFL fottball. I'm cleaning up, listening, and building. How Do you travel all around the world?
From Avery
Dear Santa,
Thank you for my stuffd pig and my teddy bear. I'm being good by reading to the kids at day care. I help clean. I would like a notepad, a stuffed puppy dog, and a Monster high doll. How long does it take you to go around the world?
Love Harmony
Dear Santa
Thank you for the race track 2 years ago. I been HelPing my brothr. I would like a football from The NfL. How are you doing?
From James
Dear santa
Thank you for all you have done. How I'm being good I am being Nice to eveone. Wii games and a playhouse. how are the reindeer.
Love, Kelsey
Dear Santa
Thank you for all the stuff you got me last year. I help my mom wash Dishes. I would like a camera for chistmas. how old are you I am 8 and how are the raindeers?
Love, Brooklyn
Dear Santa
Thank you for candy and play doo and the other toys you gave me how I am being good by helpin gfeeding the dog doing the dishes and going to bed on time helping with my brother What I'd like for christmas an I pod touch and the hole shimer set question for santa how old are you I am 7 years old and how are the raindeer doing to Thank you for all the stuff
Love Alexis
Dear Santa
Thank you for getting me my American Girl Doll. How I'm being good I do My Hom work. what I'b like for christmas a puzzle. an ornament a capd book and American Girl Doll stuf Question for Santa huow are your reinbeer doeing?
Love, Emily A.
Dear, Santa,
Thank you for the paper jam. I help do the dishis. I'd like a castel X jackit. I hope you injoy the cookeis.
Love, Sarah
Dear SANtA
I want A tablet And A I Pod And A lot of Legos And A Laptop An a I Phone. thank you for the 3DS Last year. I take out the garbij I would Like A cAstel X jAket How Ar you doing? How is rudolf?
From Colton
Dear santa,
Thank you for getting me a LPS home. I do my home work I'd like a Monster High Doll, a Barbie Doll Dream House, an American Girl, a white dog with a bone, Chapter Books, Justice headphones, and Castle X jacket How are your reindeer doing?
Love, Lexi K.
Dear Santa,
Thank you for coming last year. Santa i'm being good Waiting for you. and I have a questio nfor you can you come and see me on Christmas night? I Want a one direction CD and a Big Piano and a blue and pink castle X Jacket and a Real live puppy and a baby brother and sister and a IPad and a IPod and a IPhone and a bunny in a cage and a laptop and a teacher Play house What teacher's really have inside it. Thank you.
Love, Brianna
Dear Santa,
Thank you for the Toy last year that you gave me. This year I want a castleX Jacket. I'm being a good example in line. How do your reindeer fly?
love Gavin
Dear Santa,
Thank you for the iPod last year. I ben Helping out. I would like for Christms is a Pink castle X Jacket and a kids Bow and arrow. How do you deliver All Those presents?
Love, Hannah
Dear Santa,
Thank you for the toys you gave Me Last Christmas. I'm being good by cleaning the table and Listening to My Mom. This year I would like some book, a inside dog, and some new dresses. How are your reindeer?
Love Laura
Dear Santa,
Thank you for everything, I toke the garbage, I want a renote control Legos, X Box 360, an I Pad and an I Pod.How are you?
Love, Michael
Dear Santa,
Thank you for the see in the dark binoculars. I take out the garbage. I'd like a wii. How are the reineer doing?
From, Oliver
Dear Santa,
Thank you for everthing. I would like a bike, a bike helmet and a baby doll. I am being good at school. Am I on the Good List?
Love, Hailey
Dear Santa
I want a Monster High Doll BarBie Doll Dream house American girl Doll Castle X coat Justice headphones thank you for the christmas gifts last year. I am doing my home work. How are you doing?
Love Malori
Second grade,
class of Karissa Twining
Dear Santa,
Thank you for the clothes and a credit card from last year. I'm being good by for the erath and I help my Mom. I would like this year is a dogie and a I pad and a supris present. How do you make all those toys?
Love Amanda
Dear Santa,
Thank you for the gitar you gave me last year. How I'm being good is help peopple put up their chrismas tree and help with the horses and ponys. What I'd like for chrismas is a stuft black stallion that looks just like Shadow, a toy phone that has a black stallion on the front please. Dows Roudolph realy have a shiny nose?
love, Katie
Dear Santa,
Thank you for The lotion last year. I'm being good doing chors. I would like an Ipad and a new game for my dsi for christmas. what do yoy do in the sumer?
Love, Tyler
Dear Santa,
Thank you for the cumputur. Im being good becuas I wash the dishis. Id Like a noe cumpudor and A car remot kuntroL and Barbie Play hoes. Are You reeol?
Love, Marisol
Dear Santa,
Thank you for the cowboy boot from last year. I'm being good dy halping my dad at the farm. This year I want Lego samiy tuck. How many mils do you Fly?
Love, John
Dear Santa,
Thank you for the nail polish that you gave me last year. I'm being good by helping mom. I would like an ipad and DS for christmas. How long do you sleep in the summer?
Love, Destiny
Dear Santa,
Thank you four the bebe gun you gave me last yer. I'm being good by helping Ashley and daddy with my sister. I wold like bebes four my bebe gun four cristmas. how long have you been maryed to mis. clauis?
Love, Alexis
Dear Santa
Thanks for the Dirt Bike last yeAr. I'm being good dy wacHing My sister Id like A ipad And A ipod for Chirsmas. How do You make mottls of ships?
Love Kaleb
Dear Santa,
Thak you for the fishing Pole last year. Im Being good by treating other kids the way I want to Be treaed. wot I for chritmas is a remot big truk and Plane How do randear fly.
Love David
Dear Santa,
Thank you for the wii last year. I'm being good by helping mom. I would like a ds and a kroke for christmas. How do you get down the chimney?
Love, Breanna
Dear Santa
Thank you The For The dolehouse from Last year. I'm being good by helping my baby brovers and sisttre. Thes year I wold like Lose of games. How Do your railhdeer fly?
Love Ashley
Dear Santa,
Thank you for the babyalive from last year. I'm being good by not lieing. What I wan't for Christmas is a Baby alive that talks and drinks and I would like or besto. Thank you. Do you shave your berd in the sumuer?
Sincerely, Karlee
Dear Santa
Thank you for the Movies that you gave me last year. I'm being good by tring hard in School. I would like wiiu and Angre bird stufe Will you bring rodth to my house?
Love, Jacen
Dear Santa,
Thank you for the baskit ball hoop that you gave me last year. I,m being good by listing to my techer. I want Lego's for christmis this year. what do your elf's look like?
Love, Jayden
Dear Santa,
Thank you for The bunny with the carrot That you gave me last year. I'm being good by boing the dishis. What I like for christmas is a Phone and Glow in The dark gak. I whont to nowe how mene Rander and elfs do you have?
Love, Morgan
Dear Santa,
Thank you for the monster truk from Last yer. I help mom do Dishes. What I'd like for Christmas is a remot control plan. How do your reindeer fly?
Love, Aaron
Dear Santa,
Thank you for the 3ds you got last year. I'm being good by cling my room wen my mom ses. I would like a fhon for Christmas. How do the reandeer fly?
Love, Colby
Dear Santa,
Thank You for the toy pup you gave me last year. I'm being good By doing chors. I'd like an IPad and a pohe For Chismas. What Do your RainDir Look Like?
Love, Konnie
Dear Santa
Thank you for making me an air year. I'm being good by being asked I wont an ipahone for christmas How do being asked I wont an iphone for christmas How do you get around The world in one night?
Love' Levi


text:
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text:
Alert 2007-45
Subject: Counterfeit Official Checks
Date: July 25, 2007
Description: KeyBank National Association
Counterfeit Official Checks of KeyBank National Association, Niagara Falls, NY
To: Chief Executive Officers of All National Banks; All State Banking Authorities; Chairman, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; Chairman, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation; Director, Office of Thrift Supervision; Conference of State Bank Supervisors; Deputy Comptrollers (districts); Assistant Deputy Comptrollers; District Counsel; and All Examining Personnel
The above-named bank has reported that counterfeit official checks issued in the bank's name and using a correct routing number of 102003918 are being presented for payment nationwide in connection with a variety of lottery scams.
The counterfeit checks may be identified by the following: the checks are either pink-gray in color or gold-white in color and do not contain any watermarks. In addition, the font style differs throughout the face of the check. The following address appears in the top-left portion of the instrument directly under the KeyBank logo: "KEY BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, 800 MAIN STREET, NIAGARA FALLS, NY 14301." The following statement appears along the top border of the check: "FOR SECURITY PURPOSES, THE FACE OF THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS A COLORED BACKGROUND AND MICROPRINTING IN THE BORDER," and the following statement is present in the bottom-center portion of the check: "SECURITY FEATURES INCLUDED. DETAILS ON BACK."
One group of counterfeit items being presented may be issued in the amount of $4,885.00 and accompanied by a letter from "WINDSOR FINANCIAL GROUP, LOTTO, PUBLISHERS CLEARING HOUSE, READERS DIGEST, SWEEPSTAKES, INTERNET CASINO" notifying the recipient that he or she has won the grand prize in an international promotion program. The recipient is instructed to telephone the claims broker at 519-991-4201 or 519-992-0833. Note that these telephone numbers originate out of Windsor, Ontario. These letters may be signed by Mrs. Susan Kirland, Vice President.
Another group of counterfeit items being presented may be issued in the amount of $3,755.00 and be accompanied by a letter from "BLUE DIAMOND JACKPOT, LOTTO, PUBLISHERS CLEARING HOUSE, READERS DIGEST, SWEEPSTAKES & INTERNET CASINO" notifying the recipient that he or she has won the grand prize in the North American Promotions Program. The recipient is instructed to telephone the claims agent at 613-261-6109 or 613-261-2492. Note that these telephone numbers originate out of Ottawa, Ontario. These letters may be signed by Ms. Lydia Vidic, Director of Promotions.
Due to possible variations of appearance, it is suggested that officials of KeyBank National Association be contacted to verify authenticity of the bank's official checks, if received from an unknown or questionable source. Authentic official checks contain a correct verification telephone number of 1-800-223-7520, which appears on the back of the instrument.
For additional information and guidance or to verify the authenticity of KeyBank National Association official checks, please contact Helene Bolibrzuch, Financial Crime Investigator via e-mail at [Helene_Bolibrzuch@keybank,com], by telephone at (716) 834-8059, or by fax at (716) 834-4498. Consumers who receive a counterfeit item and associated material should file complaints with the following agencies, as appropriate:
Additional information concerning this matter that you believe should be brought to the attention of the OCC may be forwarded to:
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
For additional information on this and other types of financial fraud, please visit OCC's anti-fraud resource at: https://www.occ.gov/topics/consumer-protection/fraud-resources/index-fraud-resources.html.


text: Lifesize® and SPL Integrated Solutions Demonstrate High Definition Video Communications at LEGALTECH® New York Lifesize Room® Greatly Improves Collaboration Experience for Legal Teams and Clients through Enhanced Video and Audio Quality Austin, Texas — Jan 30, 2006 Lifesize, the high definition video communications company, today announced that Lifesize Room - the first high definition video communications system designed to provide nearly 10 times the quality of existing solutions - will be displayed at LegalTech New York from January 30 to February 1, 2006. Lifesize channel partner SPL Integrated Solutions, the leading nationwide design and integration company for collaborative communications solutions, will conduct Lifesize Room demonstrations in Booth 3408 during the show's exhibit hours. Lifesize Room redefines the video communications experience by allowing attorneys, clients and legal teams to now collaborate more clearly and effectively. With better quality video at any bandwidth, users of Lifesize Room will experience high definition resolution at 1Mbps, DVD quality at 512kbps and Cable TV quality at 384kbps. "We work with numerous law firms around the country and they are always eager to implement new solutions that promise to improve their daily business interactions," said Jerry Gale, vice president of marketing, SPL. "Reducing client costs and increasing attorney productivity are key components that will certainly be realized through high definition video communications, so we are very excited to be debuting Lifesize Room at LegalTech." As time increasingly becomes more valuable and service costs continue to escalate, businesses need to adopt solutions and practices that enable greater efficiency and results. In the legal profession, conducting depositions and testimonies can be an expensive endeavor based on extensive attorney travel requirements to conduct in-person interviews. To date, poor video and audio quality did not make videoconferencing a viable alternative. Now, through high definition video communications, the entire legal process can be facilitated and accelerated in a way that was never before possible. "The true value of high definition video communications is realized when applications that were never able to take advantage of video technology can now alter how business is conducted," said Munira Fareed, vice president of marketing, Lifesize. "The legal community is definitely recognizing what high definition video offers in cost savings and productivity gains so we are very pleased that SPL, given their extensive experience working with this industry, is demonstrating our recently released Lifesize Room product at LegalTech." About SPL Integrated Solutions SPL Integrated Solutions is the leading nationwide design and integration company for collaborative communication solutions that improve productivity of its clients' meetings and events. These solutions include integrated systems like audio-video, videoconferencing, streaming media and infrastructure cabling along with a complete suite of Managed Conferencing Services (MCS). In addition, SPL has successfully integrated large-scale audio and video systems that enhance the experience at venues like professional sports stadiums, casinos, theme parks, and large-congregation churches. Additional information on SPL Integrated Solutions can be found at www.splis.com. About Lifesize Headquartered in Austin, TX, Lifesize combines best-in-class, cloud-based video conferencing services with integrated equipment to help you present your business in the best light. Recognized as Frost & Sullivan's Cloud Video Conferencing Vendor of the Year, Lifesize leads the industry in customer satisfaction with the world's first 4K video conferencing solution and 4K service architecture. Together with a full suite of integrations and offerings designed for businesses of any size, Lifesize sets a new standard for workplace communication and productivity on a global scale. To see why companies like Yelp, Netflix and Major League Baseball rely on Lifesize for their mission-critical team communication, visit www.lifesize.com or follow the company @Lifesize. Lifesize and the Lifesize logo are trademarks of Lifesize, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. ### Request a Demo


text:
Headlines for
the Week of December 10, 2007
A message from the CLC department:
To assure your experience at Chicago-Kent College of
Law is a positive one, the Center for Law and Computers
is available to assist you with your computer and
technical questions and concerns. You can reach a member
of our staff by calling (312) 906-5300 (6-5300 house
phones)or sending an email to email@example.com.
We are located in suite 540 if you would like to stop by
our offices.
Help Links
SofTest registration and download site for Fall 2007 final exams open Monday, November 26, 2007
SofTest registration and download site for Fall 2007 final exams opens Monday, November 26.
If you signed up to take one or more exams on computer (either a lab computer or your own laptop);
you MUST read the following information
Chicago-Kent College of Law uses a special program, SofTest, for taking exams on computers. The advantage of using the SofTest program is that it increases the stability, security, and reliability of the exam taking process. Since adopting SofTest and its predecessor programs, we have experienced very few problems with lost exams or corrupted exam files.
If you are taking an exam on computer, you will write your exam using the word processing program built into SofTest. Please read the appropriate section below, depending on whether you plan to use a lab computer or your own laptop to take the exam. If you are taking the exam on your laptop, please note that you must not only download and install the SofTest program, but must also bring certain necessary hardware components to the exam.
CONTINUING FOR Fall '07: If you are taking an exam on a computer lab desktop PC, you MUST log in with the user name "labexam". SofTest will not work on Lab PC's if you log in as yourself.
Although the program is simple to use, please spend a few minutes reviewing the SofTest help file that is located on the network. The help file is located at: Z:\FallExams\HelpFile\SofTest.hlp. Just double click the file to begin viewing. Computer Lab PC's are generally not prepared for final exams until 2-3 business days prior to the start of the exam testing period. As such, practice use of the SofTest program on Computer Lab PC's is not guaranteed to be available prior to the start of exams.
Windows 2000 Professional, Windows XP Professional, Windows Vista Business Edition, and Windows Vista Ultimate Edition are the only supported platforms for exams on computer at Chicago-Kent. Additionally, all laptops running a supported Windows operating system must be fully configured for the Chicago-Kent network (network drives visible at login).
Wireless network connections are not supported for exams. Use of Mac computers is also not supported for exams. Please see the "Computer Notes & Policies" section for additional information.
In order to take exams on your own laptop, you will have to download the SofTest software from the web. THE ENTIRE DOWNLOAD/INSTALLATION PROCESS MUST BE COMPLETED WHILE YOU ARE LOGGED IN TO THE CHICAGO-KENT NETWORK WITH YOUR C-K USER NAME!
· On this web page (http://www.examsoft.com/chicagokentlaw), click on the "Exam Takers" tab at the bottom of the page, and the click the "New User Signup" button. A new registration is required each semester. ExamSoft web site options for "returning users" are not applicable to Chicago-Kent.
· On the following page, fill in the required information, select "Personal Computer," and then acknowledge the license agreement.
· Click the "Download & Install" button and follow the directions. Reboot your computer as required.
· Click "Yes" if you are prompted to retake the qualification exam.
This version of SofTest is new as of October, 2007. If you have a previous version already installed on your computer, you MUST uninstall the old version, and download and install the new version. Do not choose any upgrade options. See further information below.
Provided below is some important information about downloading and installing the software. The process is somewhat time-consuming, so please do not wait until the last minute. If you have any problems or questions, contact the Help Desk (Room 540; e-mail: HELPDESK; phone: 906-5300).
Please note that you MUST come to the exam with the SofTest program properly installed and configured. This includes fully completing the "registration and qualification" process on ExamSoft's web site. Additionally, you should bring the following hardware components with you:
(1) a power cord
(2) a network card or built-in Ethernet port
(3) a network cable
(4) a floppy disk drive (if owned, see below for details)
If you do not have the software properly installed, or are missing any necessary equipment, you will be required to hand write your exam.
Important Information about Downloading and Installing SofTest:
* In order to guarantee that SofTest will function properly on your computer, ExamSoft has implemented a software registration and qualification procedure as part of the SofTest download. YOU MUST COMPLETE THE ENTIRE REGISTRATION/ QUALIFICATION PROCESS OR THE SOFTWARE WILL NOT FUNCTION ON EXAM DAY! You have not completed the process until you see "Registration: Complete" under the "SofTest Status" section of the program's first screen. Please read on for details.
* You should remove any prior versions of SofTest or other ExamSoft software from your computer before trying to install the new version. To do this, click on the Windows "Start" button ->"Settings" -> "Control Panel" -> "Add/Remove Programs," find "SofTest" and then follow the directions to uninstall it. Reboot your computer after you perform this task.
* The process for obtaining and installing SofTest requires a number of steps to be performed online at ExamSoft's web site located at http://www.examsoft.com/chicagokentlaw. We recommend that you download and print out the instructions for this procedure as well as ExamSoft's list of frequently asked questions (FAQ's) at http://www.examsoft.com/faq before you begin.
* To download the program, you will be required to provide a "Student ID". In the "Student ID" field, please enter the five-digit exam number e-mailed to you by the Registrar's Office. This will be your Student ID number throughout the exams on computer testing process.
You will receive a final registration confirmation by email containing your student ID, password, institution, and registration number if you completed the SofTest registration process successfully. If you do not receive the confirmation email, please stop by room 540 or call the Help Desk (312) 906-5300 for further assistance.
* YOU MUST COMPLETE THE ENTIRE DOWNLOAD/INSTALLATION PROCESS WHILE YOU ARE LOGGED IN TO THE CHICAGO-KENT NETWORK WITH YOUR C-K USER NAME! There are two reasons for this. First, your Chicago-Kent network account must have full permissions to do anything on your laptop. The easiest way to check that this is the case is to complete the entire download and installation process (including registration and qualification) while you are logged in to the Chicago-Kent network. Second, you must be able to access the file server drives on the Chicago-Kent network. If you can not properly log in to the Chicago-Kent network, you will not be able to open your exam files.
* Due to the above mentioned permissions requirements, you can not borrow a laptop from a fellow student to take your exams.
* Due to the requirement of accessing shared network drives, Windows XP Home Edition, Windows Vista Home Basic, and Windows Vista Home Premium will not function for taking an exam on your laptop at Chicago-Kent.
* All students are encouraged to use provided floppy disks as a means of backup during exams on computer. If you will be taking an exam on your laptop, and it is not currently equipped with a floppy drive, it is up to you to decide if the additional floppy disk backup warrants the purchase of an external floppy disk drive. Any exams taken on computer lab PC's will be expected to have a floppy disk backup.
* Chicago-Kent does not support any form of wireless networking for exams on computers. All connections should be "hard-wired" with a standard Ethernet network cable. You are responsible for supplying your own Ethernet cable when taking an exam on your laptop.
* Chicago-Kent does not support the use of Mac computers for exams. This is true regardless of whether the Mac is running Mac OS X or a Microsoft Windows operating system.
The Center for Law and Computers has a limited supply of laptop computers reserved for use in emergency situations that arise during exam period. Please contact Dean Sowle if you register to take an exam on a laptop, and your laptop suffers unexpected problems that cannot be remedied before your exam.
The CLC's laptops also may be used (subject to availability) if your computer has problems immediately before or during an exam, as long as the problem is not due to your failing to properly configure or register your laptop to run the SofTest program. Students who have not properly configured or registered SofTest on their computers will be given bluebooks and will write their final exams.
Because of limited supply, the CLC's laptops are not available for general loaning purposes during exam period, including to students who do not own a laptop or are Mac users. However, if you have exceptional circumstances that you believe justify borrowing a laptop for an exam, please contact Dean Sowle.
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Chicago-Kent Wireless Network Reference
How Wireless works at Chicago-Kent:
The name of the wireless network is "kent" and is intended to supplement areas where the number of hard-wired network jacks is limited. The "kent" wireless network is limited to only C-K students, faculty, and staff.
It is your computer, not your user account, that logs in to the Chicago-Kent wireless network. In order for your computer to connect, it must be fully configured for the Chicago-Kent network (network drives and printer access).
While it is possible to "roam" from place to place on the wireless network, the following points should be kept in mind:
Your laptop will always attempt to reconnect to the first wireless access point it established a connection with. It does not matter if you've moved and there is another wireless access point with a stronger signal in the vicinity. If your laptop can "see" the first access point it connected to, it will always try to reconnect to it regardless of signal strength. For better or worse, this is a fundamental way in which Windows wireless networking functions.
To completely sever your computer's current wireless connection, you should turn off (disable) the wireless radio. Most laptops have a function key combination or dedicated switch for doing this.
Turning on (enabling) the radio will restore wireless connectivity and "re-associate" your computer with the access point that has the strongest signal in your current location.
If you believe there is an issue with wireless connectivity, here is a list of possible causes:
Someone has disconnected the AC adapter (power cord) for the wireless access point.
Someone has disconnected the network cable for the wireless access point. In some locations of the building, this cable provides both the network connection and power to the access point. In these locations, the access point's network cord must remain plugged into a specifically assigned network jack.
Your connection to an access point is too weak because of the distance between your laptop and the access point.
The access point you are connected to is "overloaded" with connections. See the first item above under "roaming" for the most common cause of this condition.
If you encounter wireless connectivity issues, please report the location and time you experienced the problem to the Center for Law and Computers Help Desk. You can reach a member of the Help Desk staff by calling (312) 906-5300 (6-5300 house phones), sending an email to email@example.com, or stopping by room 540 if you would like to speak to someone in person.
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Duplex Printing is available in Lab 900 and Lab 700
Duplex printing is available in Lab 900 and Lab 700.
If you experience any problems with duplex printing, please contact the Center for Law & Computers (CLC) at 312-906-5300 or at email@example.com.
CLC Help Desk Ticket Tracking System
Help Desk Ticket Tracking System (Numara Footprints). The help desk software has greatly improved the way requests for assistance (i.e. "tickets") are managed and tracked in order for the CLC to provide better service to our community.
As a user, this system will benefit you as follows:
In order to view and print out the documentation on how to use the Help Desk Ticket Tracking System, please click on the the link below.
Print Accounting System on Kentnet
The print system utilizes centrally stored accounts that are linked to your photo ID card. All students will have a "cash account" into which personal funds may be deposited for use with library photocopiers or law school computer lab printers.
Law school students will have an additional "printing account" which will be reset to the equivalent of 400 pages of printing at the start of each semester. The print release stations in the law school computer labs will allow you to choose which account each of your print jobs is charged against.
All students enrolled in classes which utilize IIT Downtown Campus facilities (Chicago-Kent College of Law, Stuart Graduate School of Business, Masters of Public Administration) must obtain a new photo ID card in order to utilize library photocopying services and/or law school computer lab printing services. In order to pickup your new photo ID cards, please go the Registrar's office on the 2nd floor during normal business hours.
When you are finished adding value, press the 'Buy Card / Logout' button.
Print Account balances were reset on Mon., July 23, 2007
The Center for Law & Computers reset print accounts to 400 pages on July 23, 2007. Any print jobs on or after July 23, 2007 will count towards your 400 page limit for the Fall semester.
Please contact the Center for Law & Computers at 312-906-5300 or at email@example.com if you have any questions.
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Account Termination
Graduating Students
For those of you leaving us for greater ventures, we want to wish you the best. As a courtesy, email and network accounts for May graduates as well as December, 2006 graduates will remain active until July 30, 2007. Network logins, H: drive home directories, and email services will be terminated after this date.
Graduating students with a delinquent printing balance will not receive their diplomas or be certified to take the Bar Exam until the accounts are paid in full.
If you are at the Chicago-Kent campus and you need to print, we offer the option for newly graduated students who have special projects over the summer to extend printing privileges to labs 700, 760, and 900. Please contact the Center for Law & Computers at 312-906-5300 or firstname.lastname@example.com for further information.
Best wishes.
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Free E-Mail available to Chicago-Kent alumni at alum.iit.edu
December 2006 and May 2007 Graduates:
By being an alumnus of Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago-Kent College of Law it is our pleasure to inform you that you will soon receive free email service. Your account will be created automatically. No sign up is necessary. Your student email accounts are converted from 'email@example.com' format to 'email@example.com' format. This is accessible via http://students.iit.edu.
Please be aware that since these accounts will be hosted by the IIT Main Campus, the corresponding e-mail address may be in a format different than what you were assigned at Chicago-Kent. Complete details about your kentlawalum.iit.edu account will be distributed soon via email to your Chicago-Kent account and on the Center for Law and Computers Record page. This information will include the naming format of the account, how to access it, how to setup mail forwarding, and how to transfer messages from your Chicago-Kent email account.
Your current Chicago-Kent email account will remain active until Monday, July 30th (first Monday after the July Bar Exam).
Best wishes.
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CLC Policy - Students are required to show C-K photo ID card for loaner computer equipment
Help Desk Policy! All C-K students are required to present
their Chicago-Kent ID card for service.
The CLC Help Desk does provide the service of temporarily
loaning laptops to students. This service is restricted to
those who have purchased their own laptop and the laptop has
been serviced by a technician at the CLC Help
Desk. Once the technician has
determined that the laptop needs to be sent to the
manufacturer for repairs or is inoperable a student will be
loaned a laptop. The laptop loans are for a one (1) week
period only. In addition, the CLC Help Desk does not loan power adaptors or any other laptop
accessories for laptops. In order for this service to
benefit everyone, this policy must be strictly adhered to.
Once a user returns a laptop, that same user cannot have
another laptop loaned to him/her for at least two (2)
consecutive weeks.
The Help Desk will make a photocopy of student's ID when
loaner computer equipment is requested. The procedure was implemented
to best serve the needs of all Chicago-Kent student's.
We appreciate your cooperation in adhering to this policy.
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Windows Update
It is critical to update your Windows operating system and Internet Explorer software regularly. Just as it is important to update the virus definitions of your anti virus software, it is equally important to update the Windows operating system and Internet Explorer software on your computer. Just like virus definitions, Windows and Internet Explorer should be updated weekly. Fortunately, Microsoft makes this process fast and easy with their "Windows Update" web site.
Please click on the link listed below under instructions to print out the full documentation on how to update windows.
Remove Unnecessary Files on the Network
The Center for Law and Computers provides access to the
Network for Chicago-Kent students, faculty, and staff in
support of the educational mission of the university. In
recent months we have noticed an increase in the amount of
personal storage space being consumed on our network. As we
continue to maintain and scan the network drives we are
noticing numerous occurrences of non-educational types of
materials (i.e., MP3, .wav, .mov, .avi). We understand that
there are occasions when storing these types of files on the
network for educational use is legitimate.
As you may well be aware, court decisions
potentially makes us liable if members of our community engage
in infringing activity. As a reminder to all students, a
portion of the IIT Computer Use Policy states, "Network users
must abide by the terms of all software licensing agreements
and copyright laws, and may not make copies of or make
available on the network copyrighted material, unless
permitted by a license. Network users must not perform acts
which are deliberately wasteful of computing resources or
which unfairly monopolize resources to the exclusion of
others..." The complete Computer User Policy can be found at:
When you save and store large music, image, video, or other
types of non-educational related material on the network it
increases the time it takes for system backups and virus
scanning; the large downloads also consume unnecessary
bandwidth. Please be considerate of
your colleagues and remove or transfer to your laptop ALL
files in violation. If files are not removed, the
Center for Law and Computers is authorized by the
administration to permanently remove them for you.
We ask that you purge all unnecessary messages and files as
often as possible from your network and email accounts to help
us preserve space on the C-K server. As a reminder, in Outlook
mail, you must delete messages from your "Deleted Messages"
folder for them to be permanently removed from the mail
server. It is also a good maintenance procedure to delete any
unneeded messages in the "Sent" folder.
CLC Monthly Network
Maintenance Schedule
The Center for Law and Computers will conduct regular
monthly maintenance windows on the first Tuesday of every
month (5a.m. - 7a.m. in the morning) for "Patch and\or Update"
management on systems that need to be rebooted.
Remember too that there may be "emergency" times when
manufacturers release "critical" update patches that need to
be installed immediately. The CLC will make every attempt to
send out an announcement in advance when the "critical"
updates need to be installed and systems rebooted (however, we
cannot always guarantee advance notice since certain
patches/updates need to be applied ASAP before a breach is
All network services including Internet access, email,
web mail, network drives, and network printing will be down
during the above scheduled time.
Maintenance will be conducted on the following
Tuesday, January 8, 2008
Chicago-Kent's Internet Service Provider (Illinois
Century Network) backbone maintenance window is on Fridays from 2:00am - 7:00am. During this maintenance window it is possible that the Downtown Campus building may
experience intermittent Internet connectivity.
Latest McAfee DAT file as of 12/10/2007 is sdat5181
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CLC Contact Information and Office Hours
Technical Support Help Desk Hours of
Operation - Office 540
Monday - Thursday: 8:30 a.m. - 6:00
p.m.Friday: 8:30 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Phone: (312) 906-5300
Fax: (312) 906-5177
.: Main
Chicago-Kent event calendar
Academic calendar
Alumnae/i event calendar
Admissions calendar


text:
Opening times, location and the waste taken at Northallerton HWRC.
North Yorkshire
Opening times
Open everyday except Wednesdays, Christmas Day, Boxing Day and New Years Day.
- April to September - 8.30am to 5pm
- October to March - 8.30am to 4pm
Please allow enough time to unload your waste before the site closes.
Charges for waste
All residents are charged for the disposal of hardcore, rubble, plasterboard and tyres. There are also charges for some commercial waste.
Restrictions on vehicles
There are restrictions on the vehicles that can use our centres. Residents using commercial or commercial-like vehicles, charities and voluntary organisations need to register (pdf / 50 KB) their vehicles.
Items accepted here
- paper, cardboard, telephone directories, books
- garden waste
- glass, food and drink cans, foil
- scrap metal
- plastic bottles
- mixed textiles and clothes
- batteries, fluorescent tubes, tvs and monitors, fridges and freezers, large appliances, small appliances
- furniture (including beds, mattresses, sofas and chairs), bric-a-brac
- cooking oil
- car batteries, used engine oil, tyres
- wood and timber
- hardcore and rubble, plasterboard
- gas bottles
- small quantities of asbestos (cement bonded)
- waste for energy recovery
- hazardous waste
We do not allow biodegradable bags to be deposited in the green waste containers.
Compostable bags and compostable packaging should not be placed in to the garden waste skips or your household garden waste wheeled bin. This packaging can be composted in your home compost bin.
Finding Northallerton household waste recycling centre.
Further details are available in our household waste recycling centre user guidance leaflet (pdf / 391 KB).


text:
Visit the Houston Breadth For Fun If you are searching into the Houston apartment market, you are anon to ascertain this affected breadth is not abandoned of activity while alms lots to determine. If you are not so disinclined, you are decumbent to ascertain activities to do around-the-clock aural this Texas breadth that is accustomed for academician attitude to down home, outdoors amusement for everything. Over 600 aboveboard kilometers are covered by the city Houston arena and accommodate over 5 actor people. It is the bigger breadth in Texas' total, which is not accurately tiny, to activate with! Houston, absolute acreage shoppers, will ascertain that atom is advised the fourth-largest in the absolute state, as well. Consequently, what can you apprehend to locate while in the Houston arena to accumulate you active, entertained and engaged? A accomplished lot.
Practical and Helpful Tips: Services
If you ambition to get out afterwards you adjudge in and ascertain Houston, you will acquisition this adjacency breadth gives annihilation an alone ability wish. Here are the things to do and see in Houston.
Practical and Helpful Tips: Services
Houston is home to its own Theatre Center, which appearance an bulk of important assuming arts companies and a aggregation of achievement halls. The boondocks has its ballroom, admirable opera, concert orchestra and assuming organizations. Also, it boasts an bulk of galleries, museums and lives achievement settings above your amphitheater section. Houston hosts endless restaurants including flush restaurants accustomed due to their 5-star agreeableness and old-fashion barbecue joints. From Your apple acclaimed Galleria application its acclaimed merchants to tiny accessories and bounded favorites, several accede affairs while in the Houston breadth first-rate. The greater Houston busline breadth is home to some outstanding hiking, fishing, hunting and walking possibilities. Are because boondocks itself is acclaimed for bustle and its hustle, does not beggarly the borders. Because of its year-round altitude that are moderate, Houston plays host. In the Houston Traditional Event appear antagonism and the livestock display, there's usually annihilation arising about the diary. You will ascertain this can be a alliance boondocks If acreage appeals. The breadth hosts the Astros, Texans forth with added accustomed competitors. Moving to Houston brings with it affluence of affairs to get out and experience. This boondocks saturated in actuality provides annihilation to accommodated up about anyone's preferences. The Clearlake exchange has grown, while altered areas about the nation floundered. Clearlake Arizona includes a amount ambit that is ample to aces from for the abode consumer, including backdrop in its several gated neighborhoods that are exclusive, to adjudicator uppers aural the afar regions. Others are due to boosts up one-way from new adjacency apology initiatives although some of the areas accept accomplished bigger moments.


text:
Feb. 23, 2008
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. - MIT finished third out of 21 teams that scored at the New England Division III Track and Field Championships. Sophomore Stephen Morton led the Engineers with two Gold's and a Silver, while Omari Stephens led a trio of MIT scorers en route to a victory in the pole vault.
The Engineers totaled 101 points to finish 31 points ahead of fourth-place Coast Guard. The host Tufts Jumbos won the team title with 118 points while Williams finished second with 106. Morton anchored a strong attack for MIT in the jumps. His winning leap of 47'1.75" in the triple jump improved his NCAA provisional mark while Morton also grabbed first in the long jump with a distance of 22'5.75".
Omari Stephens added to the Engineers success in the jumps by closing with a convincing win in the pole vault. Stephens cleared 14'11" for the individual title with Patrick Barragan and Greg Tao securing additional points after finishing sixth and eighth, respectively.
MIT didn't author any individual wins on the track, but it did produce a pair of runner-up finishes. Chris Wong pieced together a terrific run as he fell two seconds shy of a championship in the 5000-meter run. Wong split 15:08.38 while senior Brian Jacokes (15:15.48) finished seventh. In the sprints, Morton once again surfaced among the leaders. The sophomore speedster fell short in his quest for three individual titles, but he still managed a season best with a 22.41 clip in the 200-meter dash.
MIT closed with several other performances of note. Joseph Roy-Mayhew was off his season-best pace, but still finished third in the 3000m with a time of 8:42.55. John Granata and Anthony Teixeira set personal bests, with Granata splitting 1:22.91 for fifth in the 600m, and Tex sprinting to a fourth-place finish in the 55-meter hurdles in 7.87. Freshman Nick Leonard also provided a boost for the Cardinal and Gray, totaling a season-high 2,912 points en route to eighth in the pentathlon.


text:
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The overview of the industrial property market in the Moscow region. The report contains the dynamics of the key indicators, the main events and trends of the market.
View previous report versions below, expand the years to see more.


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Bearing rating life
Tests on seemingly identical bearings, under identical operating conditions, result in a large variation in the number of cycles, or time, needed to cause metal fatigue. Therefore, bearing life estimates based on rolling contact fatigue (RCF) are insufficiently accurate and so a statistical approach is needed to determine bearing size.
The basic rating life, L10, is the fatigue life that 90% of a sufficiently large group of apparently identical bearings, operating under identical operating conditions, can be expected to attain or exceed.
To determine a relevant bearing size using the definition given here, compare the calculated rating life against the service life expectations of the bearing application, using experience from previous dimensioning where available. Otherwise, use the guidelines regarding specification life of various bearing applications provided in table 1 and table 2.
Because of the statistical spread of bearing fatigue life, an observed time to failure for an individual bearing can be evaluated in relation to its rated life, only if the failure probability of that particular bearing is determined in relation to the general population of bearings running under similar conditions.
Numerous investigations on bearing failure, in a variety of applications, have confirmed that design guidelines based on 90% reliability, and use of dynamic safety factors, lead to robust bearing solutions in which typical fatigue failures are avoided.
The basic rating life of a bearing in accordance with ISO 281 is
Perform calculation
If the speed is constant, it is often preferable to calculate the life expressed in operating hours using
|basic rating life (at 90% reliability) [millions of revolutions]
|basic rating life (at 90% reliability) [operating hours]
|basic dynamic load rating [kN]
|equivalent dynamic bearing load [kN]
|rotational speed [r/min]
|exponent of the life equation
= 3 for ball bearings
= 10/3 for roller bearings
ISO 281 uses a modified life factor to supplement the basic rating life. The life modification factor aSKF applies the same concept of a fatigue load limit Pu (→ Fatigue load limit, Pu) as used in ISO 281. Values of Pu are listed in the product tables. Just as in ISO 281, to reflect three of the important operating conditions, the life modification factor aSKF takes the lubrication conditions (→ Lubrication condition – the viscosity ratio, κ), the load level in relation to the bearing fatigue load limit, and a factor ηc for the contamination level (→ Contamination factor, ηc) into consideration using
Perform calculation
If the speed is constant, the life can be expressed in operating hours, using
|SKF rating life (at 100 – n1) % reliability) [millions of revolutions]
|SKF rating life (at 100 – n1) % reliability) [operating hours]
|basic rating life (at 90% reliability) [millions of revolutions]
|life adjustment factor for reliability (table 3, values in accordance with ISO 281)
|life modification factor
|basic dynamic load rating [kN]
|equivalent dynamic bearing load [kN]
|rotational speed [r/min]
|exponent of the life equation
= 3 for ball bearings
= 10/3 for roller bearings
1) The factor n represents the failure probability, which is the difference between the requisite reliability and 100%.
For 90% reliability:
Lnm = SKF rating life (at 100 - n1)% reliability) [million revolutions]
L10m = SKF rating life [million revolutions]
Since the life adjustment factor a1 is related to fatigue, it is less relevant for load levels, P, below the fatigue load limit Pu. Dimensioning with life adjustment factors reflecting very high reliability (such as 99%) will result in large bearings for given loads. In these cases, the bearing load must be checked against the minimum load requirement for the bearing. Calculating minimum load is described in Requisite minimum loads.
Table 4 provides commonly used conversion factors for bearing life in units other than million revolutions.
In some applications – for example, industrial gearboxes, vehicle transmissions or windmills – the operating conditions, such as the magnitude and direction of loads, speeds, temperatures and lubrication conditions, are continually changing. In these types of applications, bearing life cannot be calculated without first reducing the load spectrum or duty cycle of the application to a limited number of simplified load cases (diagram 1).
For continuously changing loads, each different load level can be accumulated and the load spectrum reduced to a histogram plotting constant-load blocks. Each block should characterize a given percentage or time-fraction during operation. Heavy and normal loads consume bearing life at a faster rate than light loads. Therefore, it is important to have peak loads well represented in the load diagram, even if the occurrence of these loads is relatively rare and of relatively short duration.
Within each duty interval, the bearing load and operating conditions can be averaged to a representative, constant value. The number of operating hours or revolutions expected from each duty interval, showing the life fraction required by that particular load condition, should also be included. Therefore, if N1 equals the number of revolutions required under the load condition P1, and N is the expected number of revolutions for the completion of all variable loading cycles, then the cycle fraction U1 = N1/N is used by the load condition P1, which has a calculated life of L10m1. Under variable operating conditions, bearing life can be rated using
|SKF rating life (at 90% reliability) [million revolutions]
|L10m1, L10m2, ...
|SKF rating lives (at 90% reliability) under constant conditions 1, 2, ... [million revolutions]
|life cycle fraction under the conditions 1, 2, ...
U1 + U2 + ... Un = 1
The use of this calculation method is well suited for application conditions of varying load level and varying speed with known time fractions.


text:
Jim Geraghty has some very good news about the new German chancellor, Angela Merkel. Unlike her predecessor, the cyncial America-basher Gerhard Schroeder, Merkel is generally supportive of U.S. policies. Moreover, she is an independent voice for firmness in world affairs. She took a lead role in calling for the release of Abdul Rahman, the Afghan convert to Christianity who faced the death penalty. And she has denounced Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, comparing him to Adolf Hitler. Geraghty also reports that Merket has "ripped into a widespread and disingenuous perspective among German political elites, who loudly call for thorny international crises to be referred to the United Nations, knowing that in all likelihood the United Nations will do nothing." And with all of this, Merkel's approval ratings are among the highest ever for a German chancellor
Geraghty notes that these developments are only part (though perhaps the best part) of a favorable trend for America in Europe:
We hear a lot about how the Bush administration has wrecked relations with our European allies, a complaint that was always overwrought and is now increasingly inaccurate. Tony Blair remains prime minister of Britain; whether he retires in the coming months or further in the future, his successor, Gordon Brown, will find many aspects of the Bush-Blair partnership locked in. Silvio Berlusconi has a good chance of re-election in Italy on April 9, and even his center-left opponent admits his foreign policy on Iraq will be indistinguishable from the current policy, a gradual withdrawal based on the Iraqi government's requests. And many Europeans, after witnessing the violent reaction in the Islamic world over some Danish cartoons, are realizing that the U.S. aim to stomp out Islamist terrorist groups around the globe isn't just the PR cover for some sinister conspiracy tied to oil interests.


text:
Yay! Another non-combat pet to add to my already large collection. At least, I thought it was. It is. Kind of. It's saved to the companions tab anyway....
He comes with a banner, yielding your guild crest. Pretty cool, IMO! Not only that, but he is also a vendor. Not just any vendor, either. He is a guild vendor! So you are able to purchase guild rewards from him.
What's the catch, you ask?
Wtf. Eight hour CD and he only lasts 5 minutes? If I wanted my ex as a non-combat pet, he wouldn't be my ex, now would he?!
WTG, Blizzard. WTG.


text:
I haven't made a sauce but if I could I would make and authentic bolognese, which is my favorite, hearty and red and cooked down for many hours, making my mouth water all day long. I might actually sear a ham bone and cook it down until the meat and tendons and marrow melt into the oblivion of sauce.
It's a big deal to make sauce. Italians I know say 'I'm making sauce' and then I accept that I wont see them all day or possibly all weekend. I get it. They're making sauce, I will see them when it's ready. Its often family recipes, or something cribbed together from online cooking blogs and ancient, fragrantly stained cookbooks. I haven't made it so I am only speculating.
My favorite isn't even homemade. It's served in the Trump Soho Hotel, the fearsome electrified glassy tower I stay in sometimes in New York, the greatest of all the cities, when theres an expense account of some type and I don't have to run to the corner deli for potato chips and bad headache inducing wine for dinner.
The room service will bring me a immigrant perfect rigatoni bolognese, the pasta a slight hardness to the tooth, big tubes of semolina flour and egg, filled to bursting with the best sauce I have had.
There will be a deeply verdant broccoli rabe, tiny curls of crispy onion on it. I'll dump the vegetables right onto the pasta as well as all the cheese that I can beg from the hotel kitchen. There will be red pepper flakes on there too – more than I care to admit.
I will mix it all together and eat it with the smallest fork, like a fish fork or a dessert fork. I don't care. I have no pride when it comes to this kind of late night hotel room eating. There are no witnesses, save the room service waiter, and they'll get a hefty tip for their silence and complicity.


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Workers at Lambkin Tobacco sort tobacco leaves. There's a fascinating description here of the company which I will unashamedly copy. I've seen too many great resources disappear into the aether when a site goes down..
In the early years of the century Lambkins tobacco factory in Fishers Street Merchant's Quay, Cork, Ireland was thriving. These fascinating pictures of the ladies sorting tobacco leaves and another group packing tins were taken during the first World War. The tins were for dispatch to front line troops and it was said that the ladies often packed a love message in the tins!
LAMBKIN SNUFF AND TOBACCO FACTORY, CORK Just as the origin of the Lambkin family is shrouded in mystery, so is the date of foundation of the Lambkin Snuff and Tobacco Factory. Family folklore says that it was founded in the 1650's. Jane Croly, the daughter of James Lambkin (1802-1866), saw a Lambkin letterhead stating "Lambkin Bros. & Co. Founded in 1730". In the Cork Examiner on October 2nd, 1933, there is an article entitled "Ireland's Oldest Tobacco Factory" (see below) which stated that the Lambkin Brothers Cork dated back some 200 years which agreed with the above statement by Jane Croly. The publication "Cork: It's Trade and Commerce 1919″ stated that the factory was founded 150 years previously behind their retail premises in Patrick Street, indicating approximately 1769. However, a half page advertisement in the same publication stated it had been established for over 100 years, which would make its foundation prior to 1819, which date is undoubtedly too late as there is a deed in our possession, dated April l5th, 1801, which stated that James Lambkin, tobacco manufacturer, had properties in the Coal Quay which had " by then for some time past been in his possession".
In any event, the manufacture of tobacco and snuff is one of the oldest industries in the City of Cork. It was there that the second tobacco factory in Ireland was established, the first being in Dublin. Snuff was manufactured in Cork towards the close of the 18th Century when the Lambkin Brothers set up a snuff factory at the Coal Quay. The business was so successful that they soon extended their activities to include tobacco sales and they opened new premises on Patrick Street. By the middle of the 19th Century, the Lambkins had joined the elite band of Cork's Merchant Princes. Almost all of the tobacco consumed in Ireland was manufactured there.
Remarkably, however, though the great Irish Famine depressed the whiskey trade, it boosted that of tobacco and snuff. Consumption in 1884 was 5,128,850 lbs. of tobacco, and by 1847 this had risen to 5,949,691 lbs. At this time, Lambkins of Cork and Lundyfoot of Dublin had also secured firm footings in the English market for their snuffs, for the "relief of the jaded Statesman or overworked lawyer". The Lambkin Brother's "high toast" snuff was also much valued in Belfast. Until about 1850 "roll tobacco" and snuff were the only types of tobacco product manufactured in Cork. Subsequent to that, there was a demand for "plug" tobacco, which was then manufactured in Cork while there continued to be a large demand for the Irish roll tobacco in England.
Laing's Director of 1863 lists Lambkin & Co. Tobacconist and Manufacturer, 44 Corn Market Street and 9 Patrick Street, Cork. The exhibition supplement to the Cork Examiner of Wednesday morning, July 4th, 1883, stated 'Messrs. Lambkin brothers, Cook Street, Cork, exhibit tobacco and snuff. The factory was established in 1877 and no expense was spared in procuring the most modern machinery. It has progressed steadily year by year since from the character of the goods it is able to compete successfully with any other manufacturers of rolled tobacco either in England or Ireland. Another very important part of the business is the manufacture of snuff. This in particular has increased to a large extent in the past few years, the annual turnout is exceeding 12 tons.'
There was a rapid decline of the popularity of snuff towards the end of the 19th Century and Lambkins kept with the times by changing over more to tobacco products other than snuff. The Lambkin factory manufactured smoking mixtures, cigarettes and other tobaccos and gave extensive employment. Lambkins "Tipperary" and "Exhibition" mixtures obtained wide popularity and prior to the First World War, the chief market for Cork tobacco was of course the South of Ireland, though the export trade was increasing. With the outbreak of The First World War, however, Lambkins exported large quantities of mixtures and plug tobaccos from the war office to various Expeditionary Forces. The fighting men in France and other theatres of war have born constant testimony to the excellence of the Cork mixtures.
When the Irish Free State was formed in 1922, Gallaher's retired from Ireland and this enabled Lambkin Brothers to secure some of the most modern machinery from them which allowed a considerable increase in their output and all their brands were then manufactured by the most up to date methods. Practically all the leaf for the tobacco manufactured in Cork came of necessity from America. In about 1900, Robert Lambkin, who was an expert tobacco grower from Sumatra, pioneered the growing of tobacco in Ireland and he grew for Lord Dunraven a crop of 13 acres with remarkable success. Indeed a Cork Examiner representative in 1933, was shown cigars and tobacco grown in County Cork by Robert Lambkin which were manufactured in London by a well known firm of cigar manufacturers (see below). Tobacco grown in Ireland was not quite suitable alone but was excellent for blending purposes. There was considerable interest in this in the first third of the 20th Century, however, the uncertainties of the climate during the spring months and the need for a fairly fine summer and the absolute necessity for the avoidance of frost, made it very difficult to grow in Ireland.
Despite this, in the 1930's, Lambkins had plans to bring out a new series of brands of tobacco and cigarettes, scientifically blended with American growths using Irish tobacco which was in no way to be confused with their well known brands of tobacco and cigarettes. On October 2nd 1933 this advertisement appeared in the Cork examiner: 'Lambkin Bros., Tobacco, Snuff and Cigarette Manufacturers. Makers of the original Cork Snuff and well-known Plugs: ' Kentucky', 'Shandon' and 'Oaknut' and all classes of Roll Tobacco. Cigarettes: 'Lambkin's Navy Cut' and 'Lilly of Killarney', stocked by all tobacconists. Factory and offices: Merchant Street, Cork'
Thomas and John Joseph, sons of Robert Lambkin (1803-1871), owned Lambkins Snuff and Tobacco Factory after Robert died and John Joseph left Thomas his share of the business when he died on September 24th, 1882 this was valued at 2910 lbs 19 shillings and 4 pence. When Thomas died in 1891 his family wanted to move to London, so Thomas' widow Anne's brother, James Lambkin Lyons, bought the factory so they were free to go. Thus Lambkins passed to the Lyons family, in whose possession it remained until the factory closed in January 1951. Anne's daughter Sis Lyons inherited it from her brothers and was the last owner of Lambkins. She sold it all except for the shop which she kept for her nephew, Jack Lyons. He ran it until 1965, the year before his death, when he sold it prior to his retiring to Portugal, where he died of a heart attack on his 50th birthday, on January 20th, 1966.
Eileen Lambkin


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Photos: Bryan Giddens
Words and Captions: Hondo
For the past 7 years the Downtown Throwdown has been a staple in the Northwest snowboard scene. Riders come from all over to dust off the sea legs and get that feeling of snowboarding back before it starts dumping in the near by mountains. While this is the 1st DTTD that I've ever been to, from what I've been told is that every year the event has gotten bigger and bigger. That makes sense to me becasue this year the event was huge, with about a thousand people chilling and watching, and a field of around 25 of the best rail riders. I could give you a play by play recap, but the photos will tell a better story. But I will leave you with a few notes:
–Jonah Owen is really, really good. He rode in my opinion better at the DTTD than he did at Hot Dawgz and Hand Rails. And he won Hot Dawgz and Hand Rails…
–Dylan Thompson can shred. I really can't wait to see his new video part.
–Brandon Hobush has one of the best new styles in snowboarding. He makes everything look cool.
–Andrew Brewer was riding really well too. He barely missed out on grabbing a giant cardboard I.O.U
–Desiree Melancon was the only girl in the event. Krush's events are gender neutral, so she was riding up against the dudes.
Here are the results:
3. Ryan Paul
5. Jonah Owen
Monster Energy Award: Spencer Shubert for his crazy caveman lipslide
Crabgrab/ Think Thank stoke award: Max Warbington