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Microbicides Now!
Why Microbicide Development Must Progress Quickly
April 2001
A note from TheBody.com: The field of medicine is constantly evolving. As a result, parts of this article may be outdated. Please keep this in mind, and be sure to visit other parts of our site for more recent information!
Unprotected sex with an HIV-positive man is by far the leading cause of HIV infection among women, and the result is that more women than men are now getting infected with HIV annually.
According to government estimates, by 2010 at least half of all Americans infected with HIV will be women. Currently, UNAIDS estimates that 33.6 million people are either infected with HIV or have AIDS.
"This rapid feminization of HIV clearly speaks to the consequences of relying on condoms as virtually our only HIV prevention tool," says Anna Forbes, U.S. field organizer for the Alliance for Microbicide Development.
Studies have also demonstrated that co-infection with HIV and other STDs make an HIV-positive person more capable of transmitting HIV and other STDs. Additionally, sores, lesions and inflammations caused by STDs compromise certain physical barriers to disease.
For these reasons, taking measures to prevent STD transmission is critical for all women, regardless of HIV status.
A Word About Protection
According to studies, heterosexuals consistently use condoms 20 percent of the time or less. Serodiscordant couples and commercial sex workers are the only studied populations that report using condoms during sex at least half of the time. Many people, especially in developed nations, think of STDs as minor embarrassments that can be treated with antibiotics. In many cases this is true, albeit far less true for those who are HIV positive.
Contagious germs (also called microbes) cause STDs (also called pathogens). Among human papilloma virus (HPV), herpes and HIV, for example, the microbe can't be cleared from the body (cured) as it can with other STDs.
"If regular condom use is low among women of wealthy nations -- where a higher proportion of women and men would presumably have the economic and social agency to refuse unprotected sex -- it is hardly surprising that millions of woman globally simply do not or cannot insist that their partners wear condoms," said Anna Forbes.
It is each woman's responsibility to decide whether to protect herself and to learn how to do so. In scenarios involving domestic violence or rape, however, women are not in a position to negotiate "safer sex" or condom use.
In many cultures, childbearing is directly linked to a person's self worth, and the prospect of childlessness may outweigh the risk of HIV infection. Social factors such as domestic violence, rape and attitudes about parenthood cannot be ignored. Unfortunately, because social norms generally reflect woman's secondary status, women don't always make choices that are in their best interest.
Just as the Pill revolutionized women's ability to avoid unplanned pregnancy, microbicides have the potential to provide women with an equal amount of control with regard to protection from STDs. Microbicides can be used with or without condoms, so they could be formulated with or without spermicide to allow for or to prevent pregnancy.
Microbicides leave protection firmly in the grasp of women, and act as a secret aid in women's quest to obtain and maintain sexual health.
Not Under Some Women's Control
In Africa, the region with the greatest need, women are constrained from controlling their reproductive and sexual health. This was illustrated by Flavia Ndikuno, a Ugandan member of the International Community of Women Living with HIV/AIDS when she stated that male partners consider women who use protection to be "non-obedient." In African societies, where men are often polygamous, the "non-obedient" wife can be deprived of her children. In negotiating safer sex, the threat of the loss of one's children is definitely a trump card.
"In some parts of the world, women can be at risk of violence or abandonment if they try to negotiate safer sex," says Dr. Mathilde Krim, Founding Co-Chair and Chairman of the Board of the American Foundation for AIDS Research (amfAR). "This fact makes it imperative that we develop more methods to prevent infection, especially methods that put women in control. Microbicides would do just that." Microbicides can be used without a male partner's knowledge or consent.
Microbicide usage would not require women to admit to their partner(s) that they consider themselves at risk. The biggest selling point over condoms, however, is that microbicides allow for skin-to-skin contact.
While some consideration should be given to the role of microbicides during anal sex, most research insinuates that this is an issue of primary interest to gay men. Since this is not the case, while we need to advocate for vaginal microbicides, we also need to push for studies involving HIV protection during anal sex.
What Are Microbicides?
Simply stated, a microbicide is any agent that kills or deactivates disease-causing microbes. According to the International Association of Physicians in AIDS CARE (IAPAC), the definition of microbicides also includes "therapeutic interventions that can block or prevent infection, as well as amplification of the body's natural defenses to prevent infection through sexual acts." Researchers are currently studying substances that may:
Scientists are working on products that would combine these agents, making them stronger and more likely to prevent disease transmission. Sixty-four compounds are in some phase of development, and 20 additional compounds are ready for human safety trials.
Out of all of the products currently being researched, only Nonoxynol-9 (N-9) has been approved. Nonoxynol-9 is marketed as a spermicide (an agent that neutralizes sperm thereby preventing pregnancy) under the trade name Advantage S. Oddly, it appears to be the least effective product of all, and has been seen as actually creating an environment that AIDS HIV transmission.
Critical Need
As newly infected HIV-positive women outnumber newly infected men worldwide, the need for female-controlled protection is becoming more obvious, and dire. "After 10 years of being nice about this, I think it's time we start acting up," said Lori Heise of the Global Campaign for Women-Controlled Prevention Alternatives at a meeting on microbicides at the 13th International AIDS Conference. "With the current state of the art, it is likely that we will have a microbicide before we will have a vaccine (against HIV)," said UNAIDS Director Peter Piot at the Microbicides 2000 conference last March. Health advocates have long sought unobtrusive means by which women could control their own health. "Microbicides are the theoretical Holy Grail of this quest for female-controlled protection," said Bob Rohr of IAPAC.
In the future, some microbicides may be developed in other formulations such as a mouth rinse for protection during oral sex, a vaginal wash that can be used by HIV-positive women prior to childbirth as a low-cost way of reducing risk of perinatal transmission, and applications for post-coital use to reduce risk of infection after forced sex or condom failure.
As better microbicides are developed, they will be designed to be "bi-directional." Use of a vaginal microbicide will protect a woman's partner by inactivating HIV in vaginal secretions; as well as protect a woman from HIV in her partner's semen.
What Is the "Perfect Microbicide"?
When one considers the daunting task of developing effective and safe microbicides, a number of issues come into play. STDs are not all transmitted by the same pathogen. There are many microbes that the product will have to have the capability of defending the body against.
Researchers says that the ideal microbicide will have to withstand varying temperatures and also function within varied pH ranges (ranges of alkaline and acidic levels in the vagina). In addition, it could not kill the natural beneficial lactobacilli that reside in the vagina and regulate vaginal health. Lastly, it would have to be strategically marketed.
Women are going to have to want to put this product into their vaginas. "The ideal would be a microbicide that is safe and effective against HIV and other sexually transmitted infections," said Awa Coll-Seck, M.D., director of policy, strategy and research at UNAIDS. "That allows women to become pregnant if she want to, and is active as soon as it is applied and for a long time afterwards." The vagina maintains its health by using bacteria, the immune system and pH levels to monitor and protect itself against pathogens.
The epithelium is membranous cellular tissue that covers a free surface or lines a tube or cavity of an animal body and serves especially to enclose and protect the other parts of the body, to produce secretions and excretions and to function in assimilation.
"Vaginal and cervical mucosa and epithelium are major barriers to infection," said Preston Marx, M.D., of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center. "They reduce risk of infection about a thousand-fold compared with direct injection exposure to a pathogen."
"Vaginal flora actually alters the vaginal inflammatory response," said Sharon Hiller, M.D., a researcher at the University of Pittsburgh. "Not only are the organisms interacting with the pathogen, they are interacting with the host in altering the immune function. When we talk about putting products in the vagina, we should maintain the pH and the flora because that preserves both the pH and the epithelium."
Cytokines are a class of immunoregulatory substances that are secreted by cells of the immune system. One of these is CCR5, a chemokine which is also a co-receptor of HIV. When the vagina is unbalanced, the body sends cytokines to the area to restore the natural balance and to rid the body of microbes. Because CCR5 actually works with HIV, the presence of a STD can pave the way for HIV transmission because of the influx of CCR5 to the area.
"Cytokine expression increases with bacterial vaginosis, human papilloma virus (HPV) and chlamydial infection [by] offering more targets on the cell surface by which to enter," said Kenneth Mayer, M.D., of Brown University.
Bacterial vaginosis eliminates the lactobacillus bacteria in the vagina. As these bacteria are largely responsible for the acidic environment, this leaves a woman susceptible to infection because HIV is rendered unstable in a highly acidic environment.
The Pipeline
In development now are some products that may fit the bill.
Nonoxynol-9: The Loser of the Lot
Nonoxynol-9 is approved for sale in the U.S. as a spermicide. Studies have shown that extensive use can result in increased inflammation of the vagina, which could facilitate transmission of HIV.
In studies of N-9 used in the rectum, David Phillips of the Population Council compared lubricants containing Nonoxynol-9 with lubricants containing PC515. After 15 minutes, the Nonoxynol-9 lubricants had stripped sheets of epithelial cells from the rectum and exposed underlying tissue; the other product did not. Because of this, Phillips warns against using Nonoxynol-9 containing lubricants during anal sex.
What's the Hold-up?
Why aren't microbicides on the market? Although a vaccine for HIV may come to fruition someday, there isn't time to wait. Microbicides cost less than condoms (and certainly less than the cost of treating a person after she is infected with HIV), are for the most part non-toxic, can be used without another person's consent and are effective.
The answer comes down to money, as it always does when big pharmaceutical companies are invited to become involved. Although a few pharmaceutical companies sponsored the Microbicides 2000 conference, very few pharmaceutical reps actually showed up.
Family Health International epidemiologist Willard Cates reported that relatively good progress has been made in getting candidate products ready for Phase I/II safety trials but not in getting them into efficacy trials (Phase III). Noting that an estimated 15 to 20 candidates were likely to be ready to enter Phase III trials in the next few years, Cates observed that, under current conditions, the money to do those trials simply isn't available.
The research pipeline, Cates said, is "impacted": clogged by the growing number of promising product leads that are stalled because their developers cannot afford to move them on to the next phase of research.
According to the Global Campaign for STI/HIV Prevention Alternatives for Women, roughly $75 million per year would be required to make the "five years to market" scenario a reality. Lori Heise, co-director of the Center for Health and Gender Equity and cofounder of the global campaign, explained that with increased commitments from governmental funders, private philanthropists, and the pharmaceutical industry totaling $300 to $500 million over the next five years, microbicide research would be able to proceed efficiently.
The perception on the part of major pharmaceutical companies that microbicides are going to be targeted primarily at Third World women ensures that they are not seen as being potential money-makers, and therefore are not of interest. There also seems to be the perception that microbicides will be marketed as over-the-counter, which does not provide the profit incentive that prescription drugs do.
Since the Microbicide conference, a push toward developing microbicides has emerged, however. "We've been ramping up the microbicide program a lot more rapidly than our overall AIDS program," said Dr. Neal Nathanson, director of the Office of AIDS Research at the National Institutes of Health. "The situation is so desperate that I think the burden of proof is really on someone who claims we shouldn't pursue every possible avenue of research."
The National Women's Health Coalition wants a 2001 NIH microbicide budget of $50 million. This year, the NIH will spend $30 million on basic microbicide research and NAIAD director Anthony Fauci has committed another $27 million next year. Under the name Alliance for Microbicide Development, a consortium of American women's health groups hopes to raise $10 million for private research as well.
In July 2000, the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) was formed by the NIH in cooperation with the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institute of Mental Health and the National Institute on Drug Abuse. HPTN will develop and test promising non-vaccine strategies to prevent the spread of HIV. Funding for the first year totals slightly over $30 million.
"Today we see a level of seriousness and credibility that microbicide development didn't have before," said UNAIDS director Dr. Peter Piot said at Microbicides 2000. This enthusiasm is admirable and necessary to further the research and development of microbicides, but research commitment will not be enough to bring these drugs to market. A large pharmaceutical company must agree to manufacture the product and in order to bring the drug into the global marketplace, cultural, political and financial barriers must be overcome. And, of course, women must be willing to use vaginal gels, foams, creams and films. "We determine that 12.6 million women in the U.S. would use microbicides," the Guttmacher Institute's Heather Boonstra told the opening meeting at Microbicides 2000.
"I genuinely believe that microbicides are the key to ending the epidemic," said River Huston, writer and (potential) consumer. "Every 10 seconds another woman on the planet gets HIV -- needlessly. An effective, cheap, and above-all, woman-controlled method of prevention would work wonders. I suppose I got a little giddy at a panel on microbicides. I offered to donate my vagina to science on the spot."
Safety and efficacy trials add morals and politics to the already encumbered process of drug approval. Because of the ethical need to protect research subjects against becoming infected, researchers face the dilemma of encouraging study participants to use condoms along with microbicides and at the same time attempting to determine quickly and efficiently as possible what effect the microbicide has. If condoms are being used in addition to the product, the efficacy of the product alone will be difficult to establish.
In a survey of the 30 largest pharmaceutical firms in the world, 88 percent said that they had no interest in getting involved in microbicide product development. Those who expressed some interest in the product insisted that "someone else," such as government laboratories, must first conduct all necessary safety and efficacy trials.
Despite the fact of the humanitarian face the development and distribution of a microbicide would provide to the pharmaceutical company that rose to the challenge, the profit motive still stand firm. This makes major Pharma in part responsible for an incalculable number of HIV infections. Despite lip service (in a few instances) to the contrary, there is no plan to assist the poor worldwide in protection from HIV disease. They can talk about distributing condoms and providing anti-retrovirals post-infection, but when it comes down to it, to provide those in a suitable number and amount to make a difference, would cost so much more than an effective microbicide that it is obvious that there is currently no intention on the part of major pharma to halt the spread of HIV into so-called Third-World countries.
Push for Progress
To activists, all of this means that we must push a national and international dialogue that keeps women's health in the forefront of HIV/STD prevention research.
We must put pressure on our government, the governments of all industrialized nations, UNAIDS and on pharmaceutical companies in the private sector. It is not a lack of research that is keeping these drugs from the marketplace. It is a lack of financial commitment.
As people who have political clout (compared to other nations), who have access to the ears of our elected officials, and who will benefit by the development of a microbicide, it is our responsibility to do all that we can to ensure that development of these products does not get stalled.
Susan Forrest is a housing counselor in AIDS Project Los Angeles' Residential Services Department. She can be reached by calling (213) 201-1572 or by e-mail at email@example.com .
This article has been reprinted at The Body with the permission of AIDS Project Los Angeles (APLA).
A note from TheBody.com: The field of medicine is constantly evolving. As a result, parts of this article may be outdated. Please keep this in mind, and be sure to visit other parts of our site for more recent information!
This article was provided by AIDS Project Los Angeles. It is a part of the publication Positive Living.


text: In what should amount to a large-scale project for SOPHNET., the Japanese brand teams up with Starbucks on some leather accessories. Utilizing SOPHNET.'s trademark scorpion logo, a leather holder is designed for use with Starbuck's "VIA" line of instant coffees. The opposite side of the leather piece features slots to hold cards as well as a keychain clip. Available now at select SOPH. retailers.

subset: commoncrawl


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Geocaching.com Caption Contest 33 – Win a Barely Coveted Prize
Enter your best caption for this picture to win a 'barely coveted prize' in the 33rd installment of our Geocaching.com Caption Contest. This picture was originally posted on the official Geocaching.com Facebook page. Special thanks to geocacher Alison Duhamel for use of the picture.
What caption would you write for the picture at the top of this post? "The geocache probably should have seen this one coming."
Submit your caption by clicking on "Comments" below. Please include your Geocaching.com username in all entries. Then, explore the captions other geocachers have posted.
You're encouraged to try to 'influence' the voting process (*nudge*nudge*). "Like" the caption that you think should win. If you think your caption should win, convince your fellow geocachers, your friends, and family to "like" your caption. Lackeys vote from the top finalists to decide the winner of the contest.
Click on the image to see the winning caption of this contest
The winner receives this month's vintage 'barely coveted prize." It's a medium sized t-shirt from a 2010 geocaching event organized by Lackeys. It celebrates the 25th anniversary of the movie Goonies.
More than two dozen Lackeys voted to award the winner of the 32nd Geocaching.com Caption Contest a barely coveted prize. It was winter-themed – and coincidentally the voting took place on May 4th. [The joke goes, "May the 4th be with you."] Perhaps not so coincidentally, a Star Wars-themed caption won. Click on the image at right to discover the winning caption from the last Geocaching.com Caption Contest.
Explore all the past winning captions by checking out all the Geocaching.com Caption Contests. If you have suggestions for Geocaching.com Caption Contest photos, send a message and the image to email@example.com.


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Israel's Yad Vashem has posted The Auschwitz Album online. It comes with an introduction, the album itself, a multimedia presentation and aerial photos.
The album memorializes the arrival of Hungarian Jews to Auschwitz in May of 1944. It is the only one of its kind, and it is solely due to this album that we have a visual history of what occurred in the Auschwitz-Birchenau death camp. The album was discovered after the war by Auschwitz survivor Lilly Jacob, who donated it to Yad Vashem in 1980.
Via reader Errol Phillips.
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ReleasesBack to
Sonny Rollins
After several incredible dates for Prestige, Rollins moved over to Blue Note to cut a series of studio and live recordings; while not as groundbreaking as his earlier work, the albums still stand out among the many hard bop releases of the day. Upon listening to this, his fine debut for the label, not to mention classics like Saxophone Colossus and Sonny Rollins Plus Four, one almost takes for granted the tenor giant's ability to reel off a nonstop flow of breathtaking solo lines while keeping an overall thematic structure intact. And even though it's not as classic sounding as other Blue Note titles like Vol. 2 or Newk's Time, Sonny Rollins, Vol. 1 will satisfy Rollins fans comfortable with a mostly loose and free-flowing set; the hard-swinging originals "Bluesnote" and "Sonnysphere" certainly fit the bill, while the loping blues "Decision" and easy swinger "Plain Jane" up the ante with fetching head statements. Topping things off, Rollins includes one of his singular Broadway song interpretations with the Finian's Rainbow ballad "How Are Things in Glocca Mora." Figuring prominently in the proceedings are veteran bassist Gene Ramey, longtime drummer Max Roach, and then up-and-coming hard bop stars trumpeter Donald Byrd and pianist Wynton Kelly. Maybe not a first-choice disc for Rollins newcomers, but certainly an essential title down the line. Sonny Rollins, Vol. 1 was reissued in 2003, newly remastered in 24-bit, as part of Blue Note's acclaimed Rudy VanGelder reissue series.] ~ Stephen Cook & Al Campbell


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Back to Main Page / Back to List of Rules
Rule 205.3. Production of Documents Without Deposition (Nov. 1998)
(a) Notice; subpoena. A party may compel production of documents from a nonparty by serving on the nonparty and all parties - a reasonable time before the response is due but no later than 30 days before the end of any applicable discovery period - the notice required in Rule 205.2 and a subpoena compelling production or inspection of documents or tangible things.
(b) Contents of notice. The notice must state:
(1) the name of the person from whom production or inspection is sought to be compelled;
(2) a reasonable time and place for the production or inspection; and
(3) the items to be produced or inspected, either by individual item or by category, describing each item and category with reasonable particularity, and, if applicable, describing the desired testing and sampling with sufficient specificity to inform the nonparty of the means, manner, and procedure for testing or sampling.
(c) Requests for production of medical or mental health records of other nonparties. If a party requests a nonparty to produce medical or mental health records of another nonparty, the requesting party must serve the nonparty whose records are sought with the notice required under this rule. This requirement does not apply under the circumstances set forth in Rule 196.1(c)(2).
(d) Response. The nonparty must respond to the notice and subpoena in accordance with Rule 176.6.
(e) Custody, inspection and copying. The party obtaining the production must make all materials produced available for inspection by any other party on reasonable notice, and must furnish copies to any party who requests at that party's expense.
(f) Cost of production. A party requiring production of documents by a nonparty must reimburse the nonparty's reasonable costs of production.
Amended by order of Nov. 9, 1998, eff. Jan. 1, 1999.
Notes and Comments
Comments to 1999 change: Under this rule, a party may subpoena production of documents and tangible things from nonparties without need for a motion or oral or written deposition.
|Prior Amendments
|Future Amendments
|Aug. 4, 1998, eff. Jan. 1, 1999
|Technical Corrections Dec. 31, 1998, eff. Jan. 1, 1999


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Lamb of God Streaming 'Resolution' in Full
Lamb of God's highly-anticipated album 'Resolution' is set to hit stores tomorrow (Jan. 24). However, if your fanatic devotion to the band has left you pacing nervously in circles, you can listen to the entire album in its final and mastered form — right now.
It seems like the metal world has been buzzing about 'Resolution' like a kid on a sugar high with a coffee kicker. It's been three long years since Lamb of God released 'Wrath' to their legions on fans, earning themselves two consecutive Grammy nominations for Best Metal Performance.
Lamb of God have also done their part in hyping up the album. Vocalist and President of the United States candidate Randy Blythe recently went in depth with Full Metal Jackie about 'Resolution.' Check out that full interview here.
After releasing a lyric video for the album's first single 'Ghost Walking' in early December, which won not one, not two, but three of our recent Death Matches, Lamb of God released a badass animated music video for the song.
Now that 'Resolution' is about to consume us all, Lamb of God have unleashed the full album via AOL Music for your streaming pleasure. If you like your Lamb of God cut thick with heavy grooves and incredibly aggressive vocals, you'd better start listening to 'Resolution' this very second:
Click Here to Listen to Lamb of God's 'Resolution' in Full at AOL Music


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You are currently browsing the tag archive for the 'california' tag.
Tips and info for helping the victims of the San Diego with your time or money or both. The evacuation centers have certain items they are requesting on a daily basis. Please watch the news on KUSI or NBC for updates. Note: Before visiting an evac center check to see what is required by calling authorities and carpool to avoid congestion. Toothpaste/brushes and under garments were reported in the morning today at the Qualcomm evac center.
I volunteered at the Qualcomm center on Tuesday and brought some supplies along with some medical staff. It was the least i could do since this is the biggest disaster in San Diego in magnitude. The scene was very calm with many volunteers, news crews and staff from local, state and even federal agencies. It was incredible to see volunteers from Long Beach, Oregon, Arizona and many other places helping out the fire evacuees. I met some really incredible volunteers who had driven several hours to help. There were many types of volunteers including medical, teachers and even massage therapists. The national guard was very helpful and provided much needed relief for first responders(fire, police and medical). They did an outstanding job in coordinating with very limited resources. Some of the fire staff has worked over 24 hours with almost no rest!! The navy and military provided a lot of supplies including sleeping cots. There were evacuees from almost every place in San Diego. They were thousands of evacuees in cars, RVs, camped out, sleeping on corners but were happy from the tremendous assistance provided by volunteers and authorities. There seemed to be so much going on including bands, kids zone with lots of teacher volunteers, great food from everywhere, plenty of supplies and really energetic volunteers willing to help anyone. It was great to see San Diego came together in a fast manner to tackle this emergency in a calm and organized manner. There were many authorities making their presence felt and were actively engaged including Gov. Schwarzenegger, Mayor Sanders and the homeland security was present also with a visit from Chartoff. They had national and international media here from CNN, CBS, NBC, CNBC and many more places. Check out the CBS evening news direct from Qualcomm evacuation center and NBC nightly news. Lots of donations from corporations including Sprint, several restaurants and Petco foundation donated supplies too. Our company helps first responders and we always try to think of ways to make the system more efficient but it is quite an overwhelming experience a disaster first hand with human lives at stake .
Here are some quick tips & Links: Note : You Can call 211 & 511 for the latest info on evacuations and road closures.
Info on Radio: AM 600
TV: Any local station including KUSI & NBC 39.
http://www.KUSI.com live video feed & Almost around the clock coverage.
http://www.signonsandiego.com/– Check out the firemap as well for latest
Websites for Volunteers, info & donations:
If you can host a evacuee or have a rental: Add it to http://www.Craigslist.org
There are donations being accepted at many retail shops also including Costcos.
San Diego Red Cross: http://www.sdarc.org/
– Register and become a volunteer. Enter your info. Important for Medical
personnel too. They require vets also in many cases.
– SD County Emergency Site Official
http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2007/10/southern-california-fire-maps.html –
Official Google blog with Wildfire info and maps
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_wildfires_of_October_2007 –
Insurance Recovery: Call your Insurance Company asap. There are FEMA and Insurance companies at the Qualcomm other sites. Digital photographs will certainly help.
Many thanks to everyone who helped out including the brave first responders who risked their lives to save lives and homes of countless families in San Diego. Our heartfelt condolences to the wildfire victims and their families.
Deepak & other volunteers


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The Atlanta Falcons gained 477 yards Sunday, with 27 first downs. They were just 16 yards away from a potential Super Bowl berth with 2:23 remaning in the NFC Championship Game, but they stalled at the worst time possible.
NFL Replay will re-air the San Francisco 49ers' 28-24 win over the Atlanta Falcons in the NFC Championship Game on Tuesday, Jan. 22
at 8 p.m. ET.
» NFL Network schedule
With the game on the line, the San Francisco 49ers' defense won the physical battle. Here's how the 49ers did it.
First down: The 49ers had just six defenders "in the box." That should be a good situation for the Falcons, but they struggled to run the ball all day. Matt Ryan handed off to Jacquizz Rodgers, who only got 1 yard. Ray McDonald blew up the play, and Patrick Willis got the tackle.
Second down: The 49ers' pass rush didn't win a lot Sunday, but they won here. Linebacker Ahmad Brooks beat left tackle Sam Baker quickly around the blind side, making Matt Ryan throw before he wanted. Ryan did a great job just to find Jason Snelling for 5 yards and took a big hit afterward, apparently injuring his left (non-throwing) shoulder.
Third down: Brooks made the play again. Ryan stared down Roddy White, and Brooks jumped to deflect the pass. If the pass had made it through, I think the 49ers would have knocked it down or picked it off. They read the play.
Fourth down: Ryan saw White matched up against a linebacker and never looked anywhere else. Navorro Bowman made a lot of contact with White, but it was inside 5 yards. Ryan double-clutched and threw the ball slightly behind White. He didn't need to let go of the ball so fast if he wanted to look at other options. Tony Gonzalez appeared to be open on the outside for a moment, but Ryan never looked in the tight end's direction. The 49ers were doubling Gonzalez with a safety over the top, so it's not like Ryan made a bad read.
I came into the weekend talking about the incredible versatility of the 49ers' linebackers. It made the difference with a trip to Super Bowl XLVII on the line.
Willis stuffed the run. Brooks got the key pass rush on second down and deflected the third-down pass. Bowman covered a Pro Bowl receiver on fourth down. It's a special linebacker group, with Brooks too often being overlooked. Everyone should know his name now.
Follow Gregg Rosenthal on Twitter @greggrosenthal.


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For those who don't know him, Larry Krueger — who was finally fired last night — is a motormouthed, somewhat annoying late-night talk host on the San Francisco Giants flagship radio station, KNBR-680. On the air August 3 following another inspiring loss by the home lads (3-2 to the Rockies), Krueger apparently lost it:
"I just cannot watch this brand of baseball any longer. A truly awful, pathetic, old team that only promises to be worse two years from now. It's just awful. It really is bad to watch. Brain-dead Caribbean hitters hacking at slop nightly."
"You have a manager in Felipe (Alou) whose mind has turned to Cream of Wheat."
The resultant flap, of course, revolves around the term "brain-dead Caribbean hitters." The comment may have snuck through in every locale except the actual Caribbean, and multi-diverse San Francisco. Krueger and the station have been in damage control ever since. A sample of the reaction so far after the jump:
It has often been said that those who do not understand history are condemned to repeat it. In that tradition, then, the tradition of Jimmy the Greek, Al Campanis, Howard Cosell, John Rocker, ad infinitum, ad nauseum, I offer the now duly humbled Larry DUMB@$$ Krueger, whose take on race relations can only fairly be described as Neanderthal. Frankly, Krueger ought to be checking his knuckles for scabs. — The People's Republic of Seabrook He came to apologize to me? You have to be kidding me. There's no way to apologize for such a sin. All of these people have been offended by this idiot. I can't speak for hundreds of millions of people. This guy offended hundreds of millions of people. — Felipe Alou When he placed the team's problems in the Carribean, Krueger was as undisciplined as any hitter on the team. He was wrong as soon as he said it. Just who was 'brain-dead' here? — Gwen Knapp, San Francisco Chronicle. When Krueger ripped Giants general manager Brian Sabean, vice president of player personnel Dick Tidrow and director of player development Jack Hiatt, he didn't invoke their race once. Interesting, isn't it. — Jose de Jesus Ortiz, Houston Chronicle. I was also listening to KNBR on the way to work this morning and Gary Radnich had a number of callers call in to contribute what they have heard. One noted that this was not Krueger's first insensitive comment, perhaps also racial in nature. One night there was a discussion of Chinese gymnasts (don't remember the sport exactly, I think it was gymnastics, but am certain it was some type of athletics) and he went on a rant about their looks and about how ugly they were. The caller noted that there were a lot of calls of protests to the station about that. — Biased Giants Fanatic
I haven't heard anything like that since John Rocker. I feel a little bit insulted. — Giants shortstop Omar Vizquel.
In the end, I don't think what happens to Larry Krueger really matters all that much. I hope the consequences are serious enough that he looks inside himself, questions his beliefs and values, and becomes a better person. Maybe a one week suspension is enough for that, maybe not. We'll never know. — Sports Frog
In a move worthy of the White House Web site, the station has edited the word "Carribean" from the audio download of that evening's show.
Meanwhile, on their home page, KNBR has put up a Countdown to the 49ers First Pre-season Game. When you're counting the days to the 49ers' opener, you know things are bad...


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Become a Nurse >> Browse Articles >> Nursing School
10 Ways to Achieve Success in Nursing School
Beth Anderson | RN, BSN
4. Keep Things in Perspective
Nursing School is nerve-wracking, there is no question about that. But it really helps to keep things in perspective. You are working your butt off but there is only so much you can do. Have you gotten a grade you are not happy with? Vow to to better and move on instead of dwelling on it. Not getting along with your clinical instructor? This clinical will be over before you know it and you will be ready to start the next one. Do you feel overwhelmed? Remember, each and every nurse out there has gone through what you are going through now. Even the best nurses on the planet had to learn how to start IVs at some point in their careers.
5. Stay Connected to the Outside World
When I was in nursing school, many of us used to wish we could just sit down and read a book or a magazine that had absolutely nothing to do with nursing. In retrospect, I wish I had actually taken the time to do this because it probably would have helped me to maintain my perspective.
Pass the NCLEX!
It's great to stay focused on nursing, but life goes on all around you and it will help you to not lose site of that. Do you have a hobby that you've been ignoring? Take some time on a Saturday afternoon to get back into it. Spend some time with your kids/spouse/friends doing something that is fun. Then, when it's time to get back to the books, you will feel rejuvenated.
6. Take Care of Yourself
Yes, you will be pulling some all-nighters to get that term paper done. Yes, you will find yourself toiling away in the library and will have no choice but to hit the vending machine. These things are inevitable aspects of nursing school. The key to staying in shape is making sure you counteract that with some healthy habits. Take a long walk on your lunch break. Take some deep breaths. Eat some healthy food. Spend the weekend catching up on the sleep you lost the night before a big exam. You will be glad you did.
7. Invest in Comfortable Shoes
Happy feet= happy nursing student. Not much more can be said on that subject! I personally have always been a big fan of the Danskos, but Crocs are a close second as far as comfort is concerned.


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A variety of memory and logic devices, including DRAM (dynamic random access memory), SDRAM (synchronous dynamic random access memory), Flash memory (NAND or NOR), CPU (central processing unit), GPU (graphics processing unit), etc., are widely used in computers, digital music players, gaming devices and mobile internet devices. For instance, since SDRAM was introduced to computers, further generations of SDRAM (DDR1, DDR2 and DDR3) have entered the mass market, with DDR4 currently being designed and anticipated to become available in the coming years.
Through-silicon via (TSV) is a structure providing an electrical pathway through the thickness of a silicon die. TSV technology represents a system-level integration of planar devices that are stacked and interconnected in the z-direction. The key enabling technologies for TSV integration include TSV formation for electrically isolated interconnects through wafers, wafer thinning for the final thickness of less than 50µm and aligned wafer bonding - particularly, chip-to-wafer and wafer-to-wafer bonding - with a thin-wafer handling mechanism.
Major benefits of 3D ICs include their smaller footprint, higher speed and bandwidth and lower power consumption with reduced heat generation. Last but not least, 3D IC technology enables heterogeneous integration in which the individual circuit layers can be built on different types of wafers and manufactured using different processes.
The markets for 3D integration can be classified into three major groups: 3D WLP encapsulation applications for CMOS image sensor (CIS) modules and high-end MEMS devices; 3D TSV interposer modules for stacking heterogeneous devices; and 3D TSV stacks for homogenous memory stacking as well as heterogeneous stacking with memory and logic devices. 3D TSV stacks are expected to have the steepest growth rate over the next few years.
EV Group Partners with NSI to Enable First Wafer-Level Heterogeneous Integration of GaAs on Silicon for RF Front-End Module Manufacturing
weitere News ..
MEMS Engineer Forum 2019
Imec Technology Forum 2019
weitere Events ..
Related Products
Advanced Packaging, 3D Interconnect
SOI & Engineered Substrates
Technische Publikationen
Solutions for R&D
Product Range Brochure
EV Group Corporate Video


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Ole Miss meets Mississippi State for the third time this season, with a berth in SEC Tournament quarterfinals and a matchup with No. 3 seed Georgia on the line. It is just their second meeting in the SEC Tournament with the Bulldogs winning 73-64 in 2003.
No. 14 seed Mississippi State advanced to the second round with an 82-68 win over No. 11 seed Vanderbilt on Wednesday. The Bulldogs shot a season-best 59 percent from the field, as they snapped a 13-game losing streak.
"Once we set foot on the court, we have a shot," said Mississippi State head coach Rick Ray after Wednesday's win. "But more so than anything, I think that what happens is everybody focuses in on one player on their team. People don't understand how good Jarvis Summers is. He's a really good basketball player. Sometimes you get so caught up in Marshall Henderson and guard him off the cuts and screening action, that you allow Jarvis Summers to go one-on-and. And when you allow him to go one-on-one, he's a really good player."
"It will feel great to get to see them one more time," said Mississippi State sophomore guard Craig Sword, who led four Bulldogs in double figures with a game-high 20 points against Vanderbilt. "But we're going to take thing one game at a time. We're going to come in tomorrow focused and locked in."
In their first meeting, without senior guard Marshall Henderson, Ole Miss fell to Mississippi State 76-72 on the road in Starkville. In their second meeting, Ole Miss avenged its earlier loss with an 82-63 win in Oxford led by 19 points each from Henderson and junior guard Jarvis Summers.
In addition to the return of Henderson, the Rebels' leading scorer, another big difference in the two meetings was the play of Sword, the Bulldogs' leading scorer. Sword had 15 points, all at the free throw line, in the first meeting, while Ole Miss held him to just four points in the second meeting.
"Obviously, if State wins tonight and we have the opportunity to play them, then, you know, it would be their Super Bowl in that they could go ahead and put us out of our misery," said head coach Andy Kennedy in Wednesday's pre-tournament press conference. "I think that whoever we play, simply because we have played them both twice and we are very familiar with them, we know what we have to do. We just have to go out and perform."


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Mowglis Jungle Book
Communication, connection, creation
Archive for the tag "bayonets"
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March 28, 2012
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Jump to navigation
The Scandinavia House
58 Park Avenue (bet. 37th & 38th St)
New York, NY
United States
Tickets are no longer available online, please purchase at the door.
Join Dr. Jan Bill, Professor of Viking Age Archaeology and curator of the Viking Ship Collection at the Museum of Cultural History, Oslo, Norway as he comes to New York to share with us his work on the Viking Age, the "North Way" (the sea route along the Norwegian Coast) and the Viking Age ships on display in his Museum. He will also detail how his current research project (the Gokstad find) has unraveled the role Viking Age land-based ship graves played in the creation of the Norwegian Kingdom during the Viking Age.
Dr. Bill will bring the Gokstad find into the forefront of current Viking Age research and share how it will increase its value as cultural heritage.
Following the lecture, there will be a reception featuring a smorgasbord of Norwegian delights accompanied by a selection of fine wines!
AIA Tours


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Rs. 8000 - Rs. 12000
Andheri East, Mumbai
Contact Person: Hr
Posted On: 19 Jan 2018
Job Details
|Experience Needed
|Fresher / Experience
|12th Pass And Above
|Computer Knowledge, Good Typing Speed, Ms Office, Excel, Word Knowledge, .
|Company Name
|Preeti Woollens
Other Details
|Job Info
|Attending Phone Calls, Maintain Attendance And Leave Records. Emailing And Client Co-Ordination. Filing And Paperwork.
|Job Timing
|09:00 AM - 06:00 PM | Monday to Saturday
Interview Details
|Interview Time
|11:00 AM to 4:00 PM | Monday to Saturday
|Contact Person
|Job Openings
Dadabhai Cross Road, Munshi Nagar, Mumbai - 400058


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- Shandong Microwave Machinery Co.,Ltd.
- To be the Leader of microwave drying and edible oil refining equipments Manufacturer
Home>Products>Edible oil refining machine>Make Rice ran oil with ISO and CE for sale
Make Rice ran oil with ISO and CE for sale
- Shandong, China (Mainland)
- Yonele
- 1 Set/Sets rice bran oil machine
- US $100,000 - 200,000/ Set
- paypal,UnionPay, Visa/MasterCard, Amex, Discover,T/T
- 1 Set/Sets per Month rice bran oil machine
Product Details
|various of oil seeds
|Cold & Hot Pressing Machine
|Automatic Grade:
|Production Capacity:
|Place of Origin:
|Shandong, China (Mainland)
|Brand Name:
|Model Number:
|change with the capacity
|change with the capacity
|change with the capacity
|After-sales Service Provided:
|Engineers available to service machinery overseas
Product Description
Make Rice ran oil with ISO and CE for sale manuctured by Shandong Microwave Machinery Co.,Ltd.
Make Rice ran oil with ISO and CE for sale 10-500T/H oil material first cleaning,drying and storage section turn-key project.
Make Rice ran oil with ISO and CE for sale 100-3000 T/D oil pretreatment, shelling and pre-press workshop turnkey project (soybean hot peeling, bean skin crushing; the soybean extrusion, high oil contained pre-press cake extrusion, and high oil contained embryos puffed; of direct puffed).
Edible oil refining machine
Leaching workshop turnkey project Make Rice ran oil with ISO and CE for sale(Towline extractor, Rotocel extractor, loop type extractor, DTDC separated machine, the full negative pressure evaporation, paraffin wax recovery, leaching workshop degum, phospholipid concentrate).
30-1000T/D oil continuous grade two or one physical (chemical) refining Make Rice ran oil with ISO and CE for sale.
10-600T/D sunflower oil, rice bran oil, corn germ oil dewaxing turn-key project
10-200T/D Fatty acid esterification production Make Rice ran oil with ISO and CE for sale.
Specifications1,advanced technology
2,excellent in quality
3,reasonable in price
Rice Bran Oil Machine
The whole rice bran oil machine contains three workshops: rice bran pretreatment workshop, rice bran oil extraction workshop and rice bran oil refining workshop.
1. Craft flow for rice bran pretreatment workshop
rice bran → magnetic box → separator → quenching and tempering → bulking machine → drying → to extraction workshop
Main Equipments of rice bran pretreatment workshop:
1). Rice bran: It's the shell and embryo of the rice. The oil content in the rice bran is about 18-22%. The rice mill can supply the rice bran.
2). Magnetic box: Clearing the iron impurity which might be in the rice brain. Since in the process of puffing, the iron impurity will be harmful to the screw of extrusion machine, affect the puffing effect.
3). Separator: Removing the chaff and broken rice in the rice bran, in case of they will influence the oil yield and the desolventizing of wet meal in the next process.
4). Quenching and Tempering: It is the process of preheating so that to improve the temperature of the rice bran before puffing.
5). Bulking machine: This machine can make the rice bran becoming porous columnar structure from the original pulverized state. This is good for the oil extraction part and improve the oil yield.
6). Drying: The moisture of rice bran comes from the bulking machine is too big and the temperature is too high for direct extract, so the rice brain are usually dried and cooled by plat dryer.
2.Craft flow for rice bran oil solvent extraction workshop
extractor → mixed oil → 1st and 2nd evaporation → stripping tower → crude oil
Wet meal → DTDC toaster → rice bran cake
Main Equipments of rice bran oil solvent extraction workshop:
1). Solvent pumps: continuously spray solvent to the rotary-typr extractor.
2). Roary extractor: spray and soak the pre-pressed cake with solvent so that oil fats can be dissolved in solvent (form miscella). After processing, you can get wet meal and miscella (mixed oil).
3). DTDC toaster: used to separate the solvent from the wet meal.
4). Miscella tank 1st: pump the miscella ( oil with solvent) into the miscella 1st, then add 10% saline water to it. The phospholipid and impurities in the miscella will react with the saline water, at last the reactant precipitate, reaching the goal of purifying.
5). Miscella tank 2nd: the purified miscella will be pumped into it.
6). Miscella stripping: it will remove the remaining solvent in miscella. And the solvent will be discharged to condenser for recycling.
7). Condensers: used to cooling the solvent gas separated from the wet meal and miscella for recycling.
3. Craft flow for rice bran oil refining workshop
Crude rice bran oil → degumming and deacidification→ decolorization →deodorization → winterization refined oil.
The rice bran oil is special, so it's difficult to become 1st grade rice bran oil. We have rich experience in rice bran oil refinery and can help you getting the 1st grade rice bran oil.
Main Process of rice bran oil refining workshop:
1). Degumming and deacidification: The gumming is moved by phosphoric acid and hot water. There are two ways to move the acid in the rice bran oil. One is chemical way, the other one is physical way. The chemical way is using NaOH to react with acid. This way is suitable for the capacity of 5-30T per day. The physical way is using steam and centrifugal to move the acid. This way is used for capacity from 30-2000T per day.
2). Decolorization: This step is used to adjust the color of the oil. You can control the color of the rice bran according to the requirement of your market.
3). Deodorization: The function of this step is to move the special smell in the oil. This is an important standard for refined oil.
4). Winterization: This is special step for rice bran oil refining, because there is much wax in the rice bran oil. After move the wax in the oil, it can be liquid in a low temperature. This step also can improve the taste of refined rice bran oil.
the specification of crude rice bran oil
Smell and taste
The original smell and taste of rice bran oil
Moisture and volatile matter (%) ≤
Insoluble impurities (%) ≤
Acid value (mgKOH/g) ≤
Peroxide value (mmol/kg) ≤
the specification of refined rice bran oil
Color (Lovibond Cell 133.4mm) ≤
Smell and taste ≤
No smell and good taste
Transparence ≤
Clear and transparent
Moisture and volatile matter (%) ≤
Insoluble impurities (%) ≤
Acid value (mgKOH/g) ≤
Peroxide value (mmol/kg) ≤
Smoke point (°C) ≥
Shandong Microwave Machinery Co.,Ltd.is a Edible oil refining machine factory specializing in the production of Make Rice ran oil with ISO and CE for sale, scientific research,manufacturing,installation, commissioning.Shandong Microwave Machinery Co.,Ltd.can provide Edible oil refining machinecustomers with design and services of 1-2000 tons Make Rice ran oil with ISO and CE for sale. Shandong Microwave Machinery Co.,Ltd. have finished hundreds of successful projects Edible oil refining machineover the years: peanut oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, animal oil,grape seed oil, acer truncatum oil, peony seed oil, walnut oil, hemp seed oil, pine oil, tea seed oil, papaya oil, milk thistle seed, and other special type Edible oil refining machineoil. Shandong Microwave Machinery Co.,Ltd. have independent import and export department. Shandong Microwave Machinery Co.,Ltd. Edible oil refining machineequipment has been successfully exported to more than ten countries: Russia, Australia, India, Afghanistan, Cameroon,and so on.
Contact us:
Carrie-Sales manager
Shandong Microwave Machinery Co.,Ltd.
web: www.epier.com
Email: email@example.com
Moblie:0086-15020017267(also WhatsApp)
Contact Us
- Shandong Microwave Machinery Co.,Ltd.
- AddressNo. 225, Huangqiao Village, Beiyuan, Tianqiao District, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Phone(Working Time)+86 0531 85064681
- Fax+ 86 0531 85064682
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North End Caffe is the sort of much-loved neighborhood eatery that lists, with no hint of irony, a "Beer, Ale & Wine" selection — for breakfast. It makes perfectly good sense for those of us who believe in beginning the day with a few glasses of the "hair of the dog that bit us the night before," or at least, something that will ease the pain of getting up in the morning.
Take the Bromosa, for instance, which is a concoction made of sparkling wine with ginger-lemon juice. Or the Bloody Beer, which is essentially a Bloody Mary made with lager. Then, it's on to the Eggs from Hell.
North End is a casual storefront on the corner of a walking street just south of the tumult of Highland and Rosecrans avenues in Manhattan Beach. It's casual to the point of being more like eating at home than in a restaurant; the servers immediately become your new best friends. The place has even been featured on Food Network's "Diners, Drive-Ins & Dives."
The Eggs from Hell aren't really all that hellish. They're a trio of scrambled eggs with three peppers, two salsas, jalapeno, pepper jack, cheddar, potatoes and corn tortillas. Perhaps a little spicy for those of tender sensibilities, but for the rest of us, a dish to enjoy while we try to pry our eyes open to face the day.
The eggs tend to come in threes and fours, though you can get two eggs over easy on ciabatta. You can also get bacon-wrapped hot dogs topped with two fried eggs. Can you say the real breakfast of champions?
Breakfast is served till noon, at which point the lunch menu kicks in. It's a happy world of sandwiches cold and sandwiches hot, of sandwiches with meat and sandwiches without meat, of "dawgs."
One "dawg" is wrapped in bacon, topped with Swiss, onions, "Creole mojo," Crystal Hot Sauce and Zatarain's seasoning — a crazy kitchen sink of flavors. The most basic has American cheese and mustard. There's a Mexican variant that's bacon wrapped, with avocado, cilantro, hot sauce and "chipotle mojo." There's an option to get all three, which should take care of much of your afternoon.
There are burgers as well. The Fuego is topped with pepper jack, cheddar, bacon, avocado, chipotle mojo and red salsa. There are Kahlua Pig Monte Cristo Egg Rolls, which have too many ingredients to properly list, and then there are Big Salads — so big they're some of the most expensive dishes on the lunch menu. There are fries (garlic or not) with a choice of eight dipping sauces. No surprise that those include chipotle mojo, creole mojo, wasabi mojo and red mojo. At North End, they got their mojo workin'!
When the whole menu flips upside down, you've got dinner. North End goes from being a beachy burger, dawg and other stuff joint to a sort of upscale Italian restaurant. Now, by "upscale," I don't mean that there's a maitre d' and waiters in tuxedoes. But the food is definitely less funky, wacky, crazy.
There is, for instance, a tomato and burrata mozzarella appetizer. It's decidedly larger than most, but still an elegantish assemblage of tomatoes and that soft creamy mozzarella sibling. There are crostinis, topped with mushroom and artichokes. There's a chicken salad made with arugula, pear and goat cheese.
Considering this is a hangout that wraps its dawgs in bacon and smothers them in two hot sauces and a spicy salt, it's kind of surprising that at night it serves a salad made with arugula, pear and goat cheese. Makes you want to wear your dress board shorts and nicest flip-flops.
Lest you think things are actually getting fancy, there is good old-school spaghetti and meatballs. There's also a prep of spaghetti primavera with shrimp and a penne Fra Diavolo, a shrimp Diablo.
Check out the side of the blackboard menu under the words "Fame Optimum Condimentum" ("Hunger Is the Best Seasoning"). This is where you'll see listed the short ribs (and very good ones too, super tender with lovely haricot vert), blackened salmon, chicken piccata, a filet and, of all things, pork and shrimp fried rice. There's a big, sloppy, very filling fettuccine carbonara, a dish that would give my cardiologist fits, if I had a cardiologist.
And yes, there are tacos. Heck, this is the South Bay. You've got to have tacos.
Merrill Shindler is a Los Angeles-based freelance dining critic. Send him email at firstname.lastname@example.com.


text: This is what the Festival is all about good weather and lots of blossoms. Everyone is having a great day. The couple next to the camera enjoying each others company. The tourists getting a shot of their friends under the blossoms. The fellow photographer getting some video. The ducks are even getting some treats from the kids.


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Our Hub for Craft Beer in Berkeley
The Sierra Nevada Torpedo Room is a pillar of Berkeley's vibrant Fourth Street. Our intimate space weaves together craft beer science, flavor, and culture. With 16 rotating taps to choose from, we invite you to settle in for a flight with friends while we walk you through what brought each beer to life, down to the barley kernels. The Torpedo Room is a tasty snapshot of Sierra Nevada innovation. Drop by and sip on our variety.
Check out the real-time tap list, photos, and event schedule below!


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Italian Regional Writers
- Format
- Senior thesis
- Language
- English
- Department
- Princeton University. Department of Modern Languages. [Browse]
- Class year
- 1933
- Restrictions note
- This thesis can be viewed in person at the Mudd Manuscript Library. To order a copy complete the Senior Thesis Request Form. For more information contact email@example.com.


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The season to pause and give thanks is at hand. As we prepare to gather around hearth and table, some may hold a resigned sense that though they'll go through the motions and say the right things — the things you're supposed to say at Thanksgiving — they might not truly feel gratitude in their hearts. It's like saying "I'm happy for you" to someone who just got the job you wanted. The words and the feelings just don't match.
This disconnect is unfortunate. It comes from a somewhat misguided view that gratitude is all about looking backward — back to what has already been. But in reality, that's not how gratitude truly works. At a functional level, it's not about passive reflection; it's about building resilience. It's not about being thankful for things that have already occurred and, thus, can't be changed; it's about ensuring the benefits of what comes next. It's about making sure that tomorrow, and the day after, you will have something to be grateful for.
One of the central findings to emerge from psychological science over the past decade is that certain human emotions serve socially adaptive functions. When we experience emotions like compassion, admiration, and shame, they drive us to alter our behaviors toward others. As Adam Smith intuited long ago, these innate feelings, or moral sentiments, impel us to act in ways that benefit our fellow humans — to engage with them in behaviors that foster the common good. And in the case of gratitude, the evidence couldn't be more clear or timely. In the face of disaster, few psychological mechanisms can do more to benefit an individual's or a society's ability to thrive.
Much research, including from my own lab, confirms that gratitude toward someone for past assistance increases the odds that we'll return the favor and help a benefactor in need. That's fine, but in the case of challenges that face many people this year, pairing previous benefactors and recipients isn't an easy or efficient process. There are lots of people — those still dealing with the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy, for example — who need help immediately. What is needed to recover rapidly are mechanisms that make people help others they don't know well — mechanisms that pay it forward to strangers.
This is where the power of gratitude really resides. Its benefits come from an ability to create cooperation and support out of thin air. In my lab, we've shown this using a simple framework. We stage events where individuals experience a problem and then have someone come to their aid just when it looked as if all hope were lost. The result? Lots of gratitude toward the fixer. But that's not the interesting part. It's what happens next that is the surprise. When these newly grateful souls ran into strangers who asked for help, they not only more readily agreed to aid them than did individuals who weren't feeling grateful, but also expended a lot more effort in the act of helping itself. The more gratitude people feel, the more likely it is they'll help anyone, even if it's someone they've never laid eyes on before.
These benefits aren't limited to direct face-to-face encounters. Given the option, grateful people will make financial decisions that "lift all boats" even when offered options to increase their own profit at another's expense. In these times, where the click of a button can move funds to anywhere in the world where they're needed, gratitude-induced giving can have a powerful effect.
Such occurrences of indirect reciprocity — the extending of help to new people — is known to kick cooperation in a group into high gear. In the face of individual or societal tragedies, then, any phenomenon that can enhance such indiscriminate paying-it-forward stands as a key to resilience.
As you sit to give thanks this holiday, don't let it ring hollow. Embrace the gratitude; feel it as deeply as you can, because in so doing, you're actually increasing the odds that a year from now, we'll all have more for which to be grateful. On the deepest, unconscious level, gratitude is really about being grateful for the actions that are yet to come.David DeSteno is professor of psychology at Northeastern University.


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Watch how to make this recipe.
Heat olive oil in a large pot over medium-high heat. Add onion and garlic and saute until the onions begin to turn translucent; lower heat if browning starts to occur. Add spices and saute a minute or so. Add tomatoes, chickpeas, broth, and sugar. Season with a couple pinches of salt and 10 grinds fresh pepper. Stir well. Chickpeas should be just covered with liquid. If level is shy, add some water so the chickpeas are just covered.
Bring to a simmer, then lower heat to low and gently simmer for 45 minutes.
Remove soup from heat. Use a potato masher to mash up some of the chickpeas right in the pot. Stir in the spinach and let heat through until wilted, just a couple minutes.
Season again, to taste, with salt and pepper.
Serve soup, drizzled lightly with extra-virgin olive oil, if desired.


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SAN FRANCISCO (MarketWatch) — Shares of major technology companies fell Thursday, led by Cisco Systems, whose weak outlook surprised analysts and pointed to soft demand in segments of the corporate IT market.
Cisco CSCO, +0.16% fell 11% to close at $21.36, the worst performer on the Dow Jones Industrial Average DJIA, +0.42% which gained. 0.4%.
Cisco on Wednesday missed revenue estimates and then put out lower-than-expected outlooks for the current quarter and its fiscal year, citing weak demand in emerging markets and among service-provider customers. Cisco also said the company was hurt by the federal government shutdown.
Chief Executive John Chambers told analysts on a call that the shutdown "exasperated the lack of confidence among business leaders."
Goldman Sachs removed Cisco from its conviction buy list, citing "reduced confidence in the near-term trajectory."
Stifel analyst Sanjiv Wadhwani cut his price target to $25 from $30, telling clients in a note, "Emerging market slowdown, which Cisco first talked about a quarter ago, seemed to have worsened. Emerging markets have gone from order growth of 13% in April to 8% in July to negative 12% in the October quarter."
Cisco's grim outlook hit the shares of other major tech companies in the corporate IT market. Shares of Hewlett-Packard HPQ, +0.10% slid 5.4% to close at $25.07, while IBM Corp. IBM, +0.88% shed about 1% to close at $182.21 and EMC Corp. US:EMC fell 2% to close at $23.74.
On the upside, shares of Apple Inc. AAPL, +0.36% gained 1.5% to close at $528.16. The sector also got a boost from Internet and social media stocks. Twitter Inc. TWTR, -0.23% rallied 5% to close at $44.69, while Facebook FB, -0.28% and Google GOOG, +0.00% were each up a fraction.
The Nasdaq Composite Index COMP, +0.02% eked out a 0.2% gain to close at 3,973. The Morgan Stanley High Tech 35 Index COMP, +0.02% and the Philadelphia Semiconductor Index SOX, +0.07% were each down a fraction.
Providing critical information for the U.S. trading day. Subscribe to MarketWatch's free Need to Know newsletter. Sign up here.


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You can replace the fan in your HP laptop.
Replacing the fan in a HP laptop keeps the unit from overheating, shutting down unexpectedly and making noise. Replacement fans are relatively inexpensive and replacing them is a fairly simple process.
1. Shut down the laptop and remove the AC cord. Disconnect any devices, such as a printer or external hard drive, that are attached to the laptop
2. Remove the laptop battery. Turn the laptop upside down, slide the battery release latch and then pull the battery out of the bay.
3. Unscrew the hard drive cover. Grab the hard drive tab and shift the hard drive to the left to unplug it. Lift the hard drive out of the bay.
4. Unscrew and remove the PCI memory cover, the optical drive cover and switch cover.
5. Unscrew the two screws that hold the keyboard to the base, located in the middle of the rear panel. Flip the laptop over so it is right side up and open and remove the keyboard by using the keyboard release switches located above the keyboard. Next, unplug the keyboard cable.
6. Close the laptop and turn it over so it is bottom up. Unscrew the display assembly screws located under the laptop hinges. Turn the laptop over so it is right side up. Open the laptop and unplug the display assembly cable and disconnect the wireless antenna from the display assembly. Unscrew the display assembly from the laptop base and remove.
7. Unplug the mouse pad cable. Turn the laptop over so the bottom side is up and unscrew the base screws which are located along all four sides of the laptop base. Gently remove the base of the laptop.
8. Turn the laptop over so it is right side up. Unplug the fan cable from the circuit board. Unscrew the screws holding the fan assembly to the laptop. Lift the fan assembly out of the laptop.
9. Insert the new fan assembly into the laptop. Screw the assembly unit to the laptop and plug the fan cable into the circuit board.
10. Reassemble the laptop by repeating the previous steps in reverse order.Tags: hard drive, display assembly, laptop over, Turn laptop, laptop over right, over right


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LONDON (Reuters Life!) - Brain scans of aggressive, antisocial teenage boys with the condition known as conduct disorder have found differences in the size and structure of parts of the brain that may be linked to their behavior.
A study by British scientists showed the differences were there regardless of the age at which the patients developed the disorder — a finding which challenges the view that adolescents who develop conduct disorder are merely imitating badly behaved peers and do not have differences in their brains.
Conduct disorder (CD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by higher than normal levels of aggressive and antisocial behavior. It is more common in boys than girls, can develop in childhood or in adolescence, and experts say it affects around five out of every 100 teenagers. Children and adolescents with CD are at greater risk of developing further mental and physical health problems when they are adults.
In the study, neuroscientists at the University of Cambridge and the Medical Research Council's Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit used magnetic resonance imaging to measure the size of particular regions in the brains of 63 teenage boys with conduct disorder compared with 27 teenage boys who showed no symptoms of behavioral disorder.
Their findings, published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, showed that the amygdala and insula — regions of the brain that contribute to emotion perception, empathy and recognizing when other people are in distress — were strikingly smaller in teenagers with antisocial behavior.
The changes were present both in those with childhood-onset CD and in adolescence-onset CD, and the greater the severity of the behavior problems, the greater the reduction in the volume of the insula, the scientists said.
"Changes in gray matter volume in these areas of the brain could explain why teenagers with conduct disorder have difficulties in recognizing emotions in others," said Graeme Fairchild, who led the research and is now based at Southampton University.
He said more studies were needed to investigate whether these changes in brain structure are a cause or a consequence of conduct disorder.
SOURCE: bit.ly/f7E7IF American Journal of Psychiatry, online March 31, 2011.


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Apptius Computer Solutions is a Canadian company based in Winnipeg. We offer high
quality IT consulting services and work flow products to private and public organizations
enabling them to maximize their Return On Investment (ROI) in information technology.
The success of Apptius' work is based on acknowledging each organization's uniqueness
and needs, whether you are a medium to large company based in Winnipeg, Manitoba,
or around the world. While sometimes sharing similar principles and values, organizations
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Apptius provides professional services that deliver measurable business value to
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we are one of Winnipeg's top providers of outsourcing computer technology personnel
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to supplement your internal project teams.
learn more...
learn more...


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And that brings me to riding cabs. The cost when I started blogging for a cab from home to downtown was $12. Remember the Zone System? So then cabs got meters and a price raise. My cost went up to $17. To save that $5 I rode fewer cabs. And as a result drivers screamed poverty (really? a raise = poverty?) and got another raise. Now my cost is $25 on good days. I've broken the $30 barrier twice. Drivers are now bitching to me that they can't charge extra for more passengers. They don't bitch about it long because I hit them with the "are you NUTS?!! I'm screwed at these prices and you're bitching about this 2nd raise?"
Have you heard about Uber? I have. I like Uber. I use Uber. It's about the same cost, but without the feeling that I'm being played. More down the road when I'm not pissed off (yeah, had a $34 cab ride today - so venting)."


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No. 19 Louisville beat Cincinnati 31-24 in OT
Teddy Bridgewater made several great escapes with the game on
the line. Brendon Kay hobbled around on a bad ankle and matched him
in the fourth-quarter cold. It went down to overtime for the second
year in a row.
Some ending for this Ohio River rivalry.
Bridgewater rallied No. 19 Louisville in the fourth quarter, and
Dominique Brown ran 2 yards for a touchdown in the first overtime
Thursday night for a 31-24 victory over Cincinnati in the
Cardinals' farewell to the American Athletic Conference.
"I told my mom that I wanted to cry, but tears of joy,"
Bridgewater said. "I'm so proud of this team. We have a lot of
"Coach tells us all the time to ride the wave. We rode it. Then
Cincinnati rode it for a while, but we knew we would ride it again
and we did."
The comeback clinched the first AAC title for Central Florida,
which had a one-game lead over Cincinnati (9-3, 6-2) heading into
the final weekend. Louisville will play in the Russell Athletic
Bowl in Orlando, Fla.
"It was great to see this team finish the way they finished,"
coach Charlie Strong said. "You talk about a team with a lot of
resiliency and a lot of heart. There were high expectations this
For the second year in a row, the Ohio River rivals went to
overtime to decide who gets the Keg of Nails, this time for the
foreseeable future with Louisville (11-1, 7-1) leaving for the
Atlantic Coast Conference next season.
The Cardinals won 34-31 in overtime in the rain in Louisville
last season. This one went to overtime on a wet, raw night when
Cincinnati's Tony Miliano kicked a 26-yard field goal with 7
seconds left.
An interference penalty in the end zone set up Brown's 2-yard
run to open overtime.
The Bearcats got the ball and wound up with a fourth-and-14 at
the 29, and Kay's pass went off the hands of Anthony McClung at the
6, ending Cincinnati's first overtime game at Nippert Stadium since
2003. The Bearcats could be headed to the Belk Bowl.
Bridgewater was 23 of 37 for 255 yards with three touchdowns,
two of them in the fourth quarter. He eluded three tacklers for a
14-yard run on fourth-and-12 to keep one touchdown drive going, and
finished it by scrambling away from defenders and throwing an
off-balance pass for a 22-yard score.
"We're athletic at defensive end, and we were grabbing air a
lot of times," Cincinnati coach Tommy Tuberville said. "We had
him in our grasp. That fourth-down run, that was obviously the one
that took the air out of our defense."
He and Kay kept topping each other in the fourth quarter, but
Cincinnati's sixth-year senior didn't have one more big play left
in him. He was 22 of 40 for 304 yards with two interceptions and
two touchdown scrambles, one of which left him woozy.
For Louisville, the game amounted to a farewell.
The Cardinals head off to the ACC next season, leaving
Cincinnati behind. Louisville claimed the final Big East football
title last season, beat Florida in the Sugar Bowl and was favored
to win the first AAC championship.
A loss at home to Central Florida ended the Cardinals' chances
of winning the league's BCS bowl berth. Cincinnati's slim hopes
were extinguished by the loss Thursday.
Both defenses rank in the Top 10 nationally for fewest points
and yards allowed. They dug in a cold rain that made it tougher to
throw and catch the ball, until the two quarterbacks lit it up in
the fourth quarter.
Bridgewater rallied Louisville with two sensational plays. He
slipped away from three tackles for his 14-yard run on
fourth-and-12, then ran around in the backfield avoiding rushers
before throwing a 22-yard touchdown pass to Damian Copeland with
8:08 left, ending up on his back after the off-balance throw.
"The plays Teddy made in that fourth quarter," Strong said
with admiration. "I thought he was sacked. Then he breaks free and
gets the ball to Damian Copeland."
Kay responded with a 57-yard completion that set up Ralph David
Abernathy IV's touchdown run, and Bridgewater matched it with a
4-yard touchdown pass to DeVante Parker and a 24-21 lead with 2:26
to go – just enough time for Kay to lead the Bearcats in range for
a tying field goal.
Kay hurt his left ankle on the opening drive of the second half
and played the rest of the game with a pronounced limp. He went for
an MRI after the game. He also got dazed on his second touchdown
run, getting hit hard by two defenders as he crossed the goal line
in the third quarter.
"That's how tough the kid is," Tuberville said. "You can't
say enough about him. I'm proud he was my quarterback for the last
nine games."
Follow Joe Kay on Twitter: http://twitter.com/apjoekay


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White House
Press group: Obama is worst since Nixon in going after leaks
Despite a promise of transparency, President Barack Obama has run a secretive government that's chilling the flow of information to reporters while it tries to channel its version of news through its own government media, according to a new report from a journalists' group.
The report says the Obama administration has curbed the disclosure of government information, limited the use of the Freedom of Information Act, launched a program of internal surveillance to stop people from talking to reporters and conducted an unprecedented number of investigations of journalists.
The search for leaks, the report's author said, is the most aggressive since President Richard Nixon.
"In the Obama administration's Washington, government officials are increasingly afraid to talk to the press," says the report by Leonard Downie Jr. for the Committee to Protect Journalists.
"There's no question that sources are looking over their shoulders," Michael Oreskes, a senior managing editor of The Associated Press, says in the report.
The AP is one of the news organizations that's been investigated, its phone records used to find and prosecute a former FBI agent who pleaded guilty to revealing information about a foiled terrorist plot in Yemen.
Since Obama took office, his administration has conducted felony criminal prosecutions of six government employees plus two contractors, including Edward Snowden, whom it accused of leaking classified information to the media.
There'd been just three such prosecutions in U.S. history before Obama, the report notes.
"The administration's war on leaks and other efforts to control information are the most aggressive I've seen since the Nixon administration," said Downie, who was an editor at The Washington Post when it investigated the Watergate scandal under Nixon.
"The 30 experienced Washington journalists at a variety of news organizations whom I interviewed for this report could not remember any precedent," he added.
Obama came to office vowing the most transparent administration in history. Yet the study found that his administration repeatedly has worked to keep things secret from the media while using social media and other tools to send out its own view of events.
One of Obama's first acts, for example, was to announce his order that government agencies respond faster to requests filed by reporters or citizens under the Freedom of Information Act. He also created the Open Government Initiative, which set up new websites on which government agencies were to release more information.
"Instead," Downie wrote, "reporters and open government advocates told me that their FOIA requests too often faced denials, delays, unresponsiveness or demands for exorbitant fees, with cooperation or obstruction varying widely from agency to agency."
Some offices, such as the Agency for International Development, the Environmental Protection Agency and the State Department, were "off the charts bad" on revealing things under Freedom of Information Act requests, according to transparency advocate Danielle Brian of the Project on Government Oversight.
The new websites also didn't deliver.
"The government websites turned out to be part of a strategy, honed during Obama's presidential campaign, to use the Internet to dispense to the public large amounts of favorable information and images generated by his administration, while limiting its exposure to probing by the press," the report concludes.
To stop leaks, Obama's administration also has launched the Insider Threat Program, a program of internal surveillance. The report cited McClatchy's coverage of that program.
If the combined effect is chilling the flow of information in the United States, it's also serving as a bad model for other countries, press advocates warn.
"Covering this White House is pretty miserable in terms of getting anything of substance to report on in what should be a much more open system," said Richard McGregor, a correspondent for the Financial Times.
"If the U.S. starts backsliding, it is not only a bad example for more closed states, but also for other democracies that have been influenced by the U.S," he says in the report.
Reporters said Obama was worse for the press than his predecessor, George W. Bush.
"The Bush administration had a worse reputation," said Marcus Brauchli, a former executive editor of the Washington Post. "But, in practice, it was much more accepting of the role of journalism in national security."
Ellen Weiss, the Washington bureau chief for E.W. Scripps newspapers and stations, said it went beyond national security to other parts of the government.
"The Obama administration is far worse than the Bush administration," she said, singling out such agencies as the EPA as refusing to answer questions.
White House aides rejected the report's conclusions.
They noted, for example, that Obama has given more interviews than Bush or Bill Clinton did at this point. They said the government had moved to declassify information about its surveillance programs after Snowden revealed them. And they stressed that people still leak information.
"The idea that people are shutting up and not leaking to reporters is belied by the facts," White House Press Secretary Jay Carney says in the report.
Deputy National Security Adviser Ben Rhodes added that the White House does provide officials to talk to the media.
"We make an effort to communicate about national security issues in on-the-record and background briefings by sanctioned sources," he said.
Those briefings often are limited to a few news outlets, however.
On Sept. 13, for example, Carney abruptly canceled his usual on-the-record briefing for all the media as news was breaking about the president's standoff with Syria. Instead, Carney invited a few news organizations behind closed doors.


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Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair – open
An aortic aneurysm is when part of this artery becomes too large or balloons outward.
The surgery will take place in an operating room. You will be given general anesthesia (you will be asleep and pain-free).
Your surgeon opens up your belly and replaces the aortic aneurysm with a man-made, cloth-like material.
Here's how it can be done:
- In one approach, you will lie on your back. The surgeon will make a cut in the middle of your belly, from just below the breastbone to below the belly button. Rarely, the cut goes across the belly.
- In another approach, you will lie slightly tilted on your right side. The surgeon will make a 5- to 6-inch cut from the left side of your belly, ending a little below your belly button.
- Your surgeon will replace the aneurysm with a long tube made of man-made (synthetic) cloth. It is sewn in with stitches.
- In some cases, the ends of this tube (or graft) will be moved through blood vessels in each groin and attached to those in the leg.
- Once the surgery is done, your legs will be examined to make sure that there is a pulse.
- The cut is closed with sutures or staples.
Surgery for aortic aneurysm replacement may take 2 to 4 hours. Most patients recover in the intensive care unit (ICU) after the surgery.
Why the Procedure is Performed
Open surgery to repair an abdominal aortic aneurysm is sometimes done as an emergency procedure when there is bleeding inside your body from the aneurysm.
You may have an abdominal aortic aneurysm that is not causing any symptoms or problems. Your doctor may have found the problem after you had an ultrasound or CT scan done for another reason. There is a risk that this aneurysm may suddenly break open (rupture) if you do not have surgery to repair it. However, surgery to repair the aneurysm may also be risky, depending on your overall health.
You and your doctor must decide whether the risk of having this surgery is smaller than the risk of rupture. The doctor is more likely to recommend surgery if the aneurysm is:
- Larger (about 2 inches or 5 cm)
- Growing more quickly (a little less than 1/4 inch over the last 6 to 12 months)
The risks for this surgery are higher if you have:
- Heart disease
- Kidney failure
- Lung disease
- Past stroke
- Other serious medical problems
Risks of problems or complications are also higher for older people.
Risks for any surgery are:
- Blood clots in the legs that may travel to the lungs
- Breathing problems
- Heart attack or stroke
- Infection, including in the lungs (pneumonia), urinary tract, and belly
- Reactions to medicines
Risks for this surgery are:
- Bleeding before or after surgery
- Damage to a nerve, causing pain or numbness in the leg
- Damage to your intestines or other nearby organs
- Infection of the graft
- Injury to the ureter, the tube that carries urine from your kidneys to your bladder
- Lower sex drive or inability to get an erection
- Poor blood supply to your legs, your kidneys, or other organs
- Spinal cord injury
- Wound breaks open
- Wound infections
Before the Procedure
Your doctor will carefully examine you and order tests before you have surgery.
Always tell your doctor or nurse what drugs you are taking, even drugs, supplements, or herbs you bought without a prescription.
If you are a smoker, you should stop smoking at least 4 weeks before your surgery. Your doctor or nurse can help.
During the 2 weeks before your surgery:
- You will have visits with your doctor to make sure medical problems such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart or lung problems are well treated.
- You may be asked to stop taking drugs that make it harder for your blood to clot. These include aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), clopidogrel (Plavix), naprosyn (Aleve, Naproxen), and other drugs like these.
- Ask your doctor which drugs you should still take on the day of your surgery.
- Always tell your doctor if you have a cold, flu, fever, herpes breakout, or other illness before your surgery.
Do NOT drink anything after midnight the day before your surgery, including water.
On the day of your surgery:
- Take the drugs your doctor told you to take with a small sip of water.
- Your doctor or nurse will tell you when to arrive at the hospital.
After the Procedure
Most people stay in the hospital for 5 to 10 days. During a hospital stay, you will:
- Be in the intensive care unit (ICU), where you will be monitored very closely right after surgery. You may need a breathing machine during the first day.
- Have a urinary catheter
- Have a tube that goes through your nose into your stomach to help drain fluids for 1 or 2 days. You will then slowly begin drinking, then eating.
- Receive medicine to keep your blood thin
- Be encouraged to sit on the side of the bed and then walk
- Wear special stockings to prevent blood clots in your legs
- Be asked to use a breathing machine to help clear your lungs
- Receive pain medicine into your veins or into the space that surrounds your spinal cord (epidural)
Outlook (Prognosis)
Full recovery for open surgery to repair an aortic aneurysm may take 2 or 3 months. Most people make a full recovery from this surgery.
Most people who have an aneurysm repaired before it breaks open (ruptures) have a good outlook.
Alternative Names
AAA – open; Repair – aortic aneurysm – open
Tracci MC, Cherry JR KJ. The Aorta. In: Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 19th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2012:chap 62.
De Bruin JL, Baas AF, Buth J, Brinssen M, Verhoeven EL, Cuypers PW, et al: DREAM Study Group. Long-term outcome of open or endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. N Engl J Med; 2010:362:1881-1889.
United Kingdom EVAR Trial Investigators, Grenhalgh RM, Brown LC, Powell JT, Thompson SG, Epstein D, Sculpher MJ. Endovascular versus open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. N Engl J Med; 2010;362:1863-1871.


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Reap the benefits of RuneScape membership with the Mad May promotion. Starting today, RuneScape players that maintain a paid membership throughout May can benefit from the new Mad May promotion that includes bonus XP, additional spins on the Squeal of Fortune and 5,000 Loyalty Points. Additionally, RuneScape will also be hosting Wild Weekends events throughout May. Details of each weekend will be posted prior to the event on the RuneScape website.
Check out the RuneScape press release below and Mad May FAQ for more details.
Runescape announces Mad May
Jagex reveal first details of a month of craziness including competition, extra loyalty points, Bonus XP and additional Squeal of Fortune spins
Monday 23rd April 2012, Cambridge, UK Jagex, makers of RuneScape, the Worlds most popular and multi-award winning free-to-play massively multiplayer online adventure game, today announced their plans for Mad May, a month long series of community events, offers and competitions.
Starting today, RuneScape players old and new will be able to benefit from a host of Mad May offers for everyone who remains a member throughout May. These promotions include additional bonus spins for the Squeal of Fortune, the new light-hearted game of chance which was introduced to RuneScape last month, offering players even more chances to win from a wide variety of in-game prizes.
As an additional bonus, all those players who remain a member for the whole of May, will also receive 5,000 Loyalty Points to spend on numerous rewards including a vast array of new costumes, titles of nobility, exclusive emotes and perhaps most exciting of all, an arsenal of gameplay-enhancing auras. Whats more, all eligible players will receive up to a quarter of a million bonus XP on the 1st June.
If the free spins, loyalty points and XP werent enough, the RuneScape team will also be hosting Wild Weekends throughout May. Full details of each Wild Weekend will be posted in advance on the RuneScape website.
For more information about the game and to take advantage of RuneScapes May Madness, simply visit www.RuneScape.com and create your account today.
About RuneScape
RuneScape is the worlds most popular free-to-play massively multiplayer online adventure game (as recognised by Guinness World Records), from multiple award-winning independent British development studio Jagex. Set in a richly detailed, medieval fantasy world, RuneScapes traditional storytelling proudly draws its inspiration from classic role-playing games. RuneScape delivers a contemporary, innovative and original experience for millions of players across the globe every day. RuneScape offers a fully featured free-to-play game, with a popular subscription option of even greater scale and ambition, both running directly within almost any computers browser.
Thanks to its character-class-free skill system and elective gameplay, there are no limits to the hero players can become, no quest you cannot complete and no requirement to collaborate with others or face them in player-versus-player combat unless you so choose. RuneScapes distinctive role-playing style rewards players who think strategically and play smartly. Its witty, intelligent tone, finely balanced gameplay, epic questing and myriad in-world diversions combine to create a game that has earned its place as the most popular free-to-play massively multiplayer online game of all time and continues to push the boundaries of online role-playing games.
About Jagex
Jagex is a multi-award winning online games developer based in Cambridge, England. Jagex specialises in the development of high quality browser-based games with supporting platform and technology. Jagex is also the largest independent games developer and publisher in the UK.
Jagex has a long-standing reputation for creating the world's best online games and for developing hugely popular, high quality, accessible, free-to-play games and for providing an unbeatable community experience for millions of players around the world. Jagex has developed and self-published over 40 online titles, including the world's most popular free multiplayer online game, RuneScape.com.
To read the latest guides, news, and features you can visit our RuneScape Game Page.