text:
The Sports Xchange
By Bucky Dent, The Sports Xchange
ST. LOUIS -- Wave goodbye to flash and flair. Say hello, once again, to the tried and true.
Using two big innings and another great outing from rookie right-hander Michael Wacha, the St. Louis Cardinals routed the Los Angeles Dodgers 9-0 Friday night at sold-out Busch Stadium to win the National League Championship Series 4-2.
St. Louis will play in its 19th World Series after winning the NLCS for the fourth time in 10 years. It opens Wednesday night at either Boston or Detroit, which play Game 6 of the ALCS Saturday night at Fenway Park.
Wacha beat Dodgers ace Clayton Kershaw for the second time in the series, allowing just two hits and a walk over seven scoreless innings while fanning five. Wacha won all three of his postseason starts, yielding only eight hits and a run in 21 innings.
Kershaw lost for the fifth straight time against the Cardinals, dating back to last year. He coughed up 10 hits and seven runs, all earned, over four-plus innings with two walks and five strikeouts.
Los Angeles was seen as the favorite by many with its $200-plus million dollar payroll and outstanding starting pitching. But St. Louis never trailed in the series after winning a pair of one-run games at home, then broke out the bats after managing just 12 runs in the first five contests.
St. Louis took command with a four-run third inning. Matt Carpenter taxed Kershaw for 11 pitches before doubling down the right field line with one out, then rambled home on Carlos Beltran's RBI single into right-center field.
One out later, Yadier Molina stroked a single up the middle to plate Beltran for a 2-0 lead. After David Freese singled and Matt Adams walked to fill the bases, first-time playoff starter Shane Robinson grounded a two-run single into right field for a 4-0 advantage.
The Cardinals knocked Kershaw out in the fifth when Matt Adams sliced an RBI double down the left field to plate Molina. St. Louis made it 6-0 when Adams scored on Wacha's fielder's choice grounder, beating the late throw of second baseman Mark Ellis.
Carpenter's sacrifice fly off J.P. Howell, the third Los Angeles pitcher of the inning, chased Robinson home for a 7-0 margin. Howell wild-pitched Pete Kozma home and Beltran singled in Wacha to cap a five-run fifth.
Meanwhile, Los Angeles did little with Wacha through five innings, managing one hit and one walk -- both by Carl Crawford.
NOTES: Former St. Louis SS Ozzie Smith threw out the first pitch. A Hall of Famer, Smith belted a rare homer in Game 5 of the 1985 NLCS against Los Angeles to give the Cardinals a 3-2 lead. ... 1B Adrian Gonzalez's two homers in Game 5 of this year's NLCS represented the 10th time in Dodgers history they got a multi-homer game. ... St. Louis entered the game batting just .178 in the NLCS as opposed to .234 for Los Angeles.


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This week's writer is Kelly Stoddard, director of government relations and advocacy in Vermont for the American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Country Choice Reduces Environmental Impact
Whoever said good things come in small packages definitely knew what they were talking about. Eden Prairie, Minn.-based Country Choice Organic is repackaging its long-time favorite Soft Baked Cookies, made without wheat ingredients, in a new compact box to reduce excess packaging and improve the freshness of every cookie.
Country Choice Organic Soft Baked Cookies (100 calories per pouch) are baked fresh and individually wrapped to retain their chewy texture and homemade taste. They are available in five varieties -- Old Fashioned Oatmeal, Oatmeal Raisin, Oatmeal Chocolate Chip, Double Fudge Brownie and Oatmeal Cranberry in the natural food aisle. Eliminating the standard polystyrene tray and overwrap reduces the overall amount of plastic used in packaging and ensures each cookie is as fresh as the next.
"Our Soft Baked Cookies are a customer favorite, and now we've reduced the environmental impact of buying the product," says Chief Cookie Officer John DePaolis. "The packaging improvements significantly reduce the amount of materials used in production and improve the cookies' freshness."
Each package has 12 percent less material and contains 100 percent recycled paperboard. By reducing the carton size, Country Choice minimizes the amount of packaging materials and can increase the number of boxes on each pallet (11 percent more), dramatically reducing transportation-related miles and carbon emissions.
Suggested retail price for an 8-count box is $3.99


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Metadata Report for BODC Series Reference Number 1089799
Metadata Summary
Problem Reports
Data Access Policy
Narrative Documents
Project Information
Data Activity or Cruise Information
Fixed Station Information
BODC Quality Flags
SeaDataNet Quality Flags
Metadata Summary
Data Description
Data Identifiers
Time Co-ordinates(UT)
Spatial Co-ordinates
Problem Reports
Problem Report
Beam attenuance and transmissance: The majority of the transmissometer profiles are of poor quality at depth. The problem is evident on both SS and TT frame profiles although expressed slightly differently for the sensor on each rig. It appears to be a transmissometer problem related to environmental conditions such as for example where temperature or temperature gradients were beyond an acceptable threshold. The stainless steel rig mounted transmissometer displayed steps in the profile during solar noon casts only for casts 49 to 55. These steps appear when the rig was left hanging at a depth during the downcast and are likely due to the instrument cooling from the ambient on deck temperature as the profile is carried out. This effect is present on most casts for both sensors but is particularly obvious on the solar noon casts. The titanium rig mounted tranmissometer behaved suspiciously for casts 53 to 64, showing large but smooth attenuance maximum at depth as well as strong drifts. It is telling that the anomalies are not depth related but seem to be related to the depth of the thermocline i.e. these anomalies are consistently observed at the base of the strong thermocline. The anomalies observed during AMT20 are likely due to a severe case of hysteresis produced by air and water temperature in excess of the instruments operating range (1 to 25 °C). This has been observed on AMT cruises before and reported by Jeff Benson (e.g. AMT12).
The Chelsea transmissometers have been calibrated with pure water as the reference for 100% transmission and therefore beam attenuation values in clear water should be close to 0 m-1. Chelsea Instruments advise that ALPHAtracka is calibrated at the factory at 20°C in distilled water with an electrical conductivity less than one µS cm-1and filtered to better than 5 µm and that it is possible that the user will encounter water which is purer than that used during the calibration. Indeed the minimum attenuance values for the profiles from the stainless steel rig mounted tranmissometer were lower then 0 m-1 for many casts, suggesting that the calibration procedure recommended by Sea-Bird and Chelsea Instruments may need adjusting to use deep clear oceanic water as the reference for 100% transmission. The attenuance data from the transmissometers will need further offset correction to bring them in line with recognised values. Whether this should be done for the dataset as a whole or on a cast by cast basis is for the user to decide based on their requirements. The absolute attenuation values are therefore questionable but the relative profile should be reliable except for profiles where hysteresis was a problem at depth.
James Cook Cruise JC053 AMT20 CTD Data Quality Document
The sample calibrations for the fluorometers were optimised for the euphotic zone. As a result many of the calibrated chlorophyll values for the profiles below 150 - 200 dbar were slightly less than zero. All negative values were flagged as suspect. Users should therefore use caution when integrating the values over the entire profile. As the data were binned to 1 dbar some bins may have been derived by interpolation and were flagged accordingly. Where chlorophyll data values were negative the flag indicating interpolation was overwritten. The original flagged interpolated data are available on request.
Data Access Policy
Open Data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
You must always use the following attribution statement to acknowledge the source of the information: "Contains data supplied by Natural Environment Research Council."
Narrative Documents
Sea-Bird Dissolved Oxygen Sensor SBE 43 and SBE 43F
The SBE 43 is a dissolved oxygen sensor designed for marine applications. It incorporates a high-performance Clark polarographic membrane with a pump that continuously plumbs water through it, preventing algal growth and the development of anoxic conditions when the sensor is taking measurements.
Two configurations are available: SBE 43 produces a voltage output and can be incorporated with any Sea-Bird CTD that accepts input from a 0-5 volt auxiliary sensor, while the SBE 43F produces a frequency output and can be integrated with an SBE 52-MP (Moored Profiler CTD) or used for OEM applications. The specifications below are common to both.
|Plastic or titanium
0.5 mil- fast response, typical for profile applications
1 mil- slower response, typical for moored applications
|Depth rating
600 m (plastic) or 7000 m (titanium)
10500 m titanium housing available on request
|Measurement range
|120% of surface saturation
|Initial accuracy
|2% of saturation
|Typical stability
|0.5% per 1000 h
Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.
James Cook Cruise JC053 AMT20 CTD Instrumentation
Two different CTD frames were used - a stainless steel frame and a titanium frame used for trace metal sampling.
Stainless Steel
The CTD unit was a Sea-Bird Electronics 911plus system, with dissolved oxygen sensor. The CTD was fitted with a transmissometer and a fluorometer. All instruments were attached to a stainless steel frame equipped with a Sea-Bird SBE 32 carousel. The table below lists more detailed information about the various sensors.
|Serial Number
|Pressure transducer
|Digiquartz temperature compensated pressure sensor
|Conductivity sensor 1
|Conductivity sensor 2
|Deployed on rig for casts 1-29
|Conductivity sensor 2
|Deployed on rig for casts 30-89
|Temperature sensor 1
|Temperature sensor 2
|Dissolved oxygen
|Chelsea MkIII Aquatracka
|Deployed on rig for casts 1-88
|Chelsea MkIII Aquatracka
|Deployed on rig for cast 89
|PAR sensor - downwelling
|Chelsea PAR sensor
|PAR sensor - upwelling
|Chelsea PAR sensor
|Deployed on rig for casts 1-14
|PAR sensor - upwelling
|Chelsea PAR sensor
|Deployed on rig for casts 15-89
|Backscatter sensor
|WetLabs Backscatter sensor BBRTD
|Deployed on rig for casts 1-66
|Backscatter sensor
|WetLabs Backscatter sensor BBRTD
|Deployed on rig for casts 67-89
|Chelsea MkII Alphatracka
|0.25 m path
Change of sensors during cruise: The secondary conductivity, upwelling PAR, Wetlabs Backscatter and fluorometer sensors were changed during the cruise.
Sampling device
Rosette sampling system equipped with 24 x 20 l sampling bottles (manufactured by Ocean Test Equipment Inc.).
The CTD unit was a Sea-Bird Electronics 911plus system, with dissolved oxygen sensor. The CTD was fitted with a transmissometer and a fluorometer. All instruments were attached to a titanium frame equipped with a Sea-Bird SBE 32 carousel (titanium). The table below lists more detailed information about the various sensors.
|Serial Number
|Pressure transducer
|Digiquartz temperature compensated pressure sensor
|Conductivity sensor 1
|Conductivity sensor 2
|Temperature sensor 1
|Temperature sensor 2
|Dissolved oxygen
|Chelsea MkIII Aquatracka
|Backscatter sensor
|WetLabs Backscatter sensor BBRTD
|Chelsea MkII Alphatracka
|0.25 m path
Change of sensors during cruise: No instrument changes were made to the titanium rig during the cruise.
Sampling device
Rosette sampling system equipped with 24 x 10 l trace metal free sampling bottles (manufactured by Ocean Test Equipment Inc.).
Sea-Bird Electronics SBE 911 and SBE 917 series CTD profilers
The SBE 911 and SBE 917 series of conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) units are used to collect hydrographic profiles, including temperature, conductivity and pressure as standard. Each profiler consists of an underwater unit and deck unit or SEARAM. Auxiliary sensors, such as fluorometers, dissolved oxygen sensors and transmissometers, and carousel water samplers are commonly added to the underwater unit.
Underwater unit
The CTD underwater unit (SBE 9 or SBE 9 plus) comprises a protective cage (usually with a carousel water sampler), including a main pressure housing containing power supplies, acquisition electronics, telemetry circuitry, and a suite of modular sensors. The original SBE 9 incorporated Sea-Bird's standard modular SBE 3 temperature sensor and SBE 4 conductivity sensor, and a Paroscientific Digiquartz pressure sensor. The conductivity cell was connected to a pump-fed plastic tubing circuit that could include auxiliary sensors. Each SBE 9 unit was custom built to individual specification. The SBE 9 was replaced in 1997 by an off-the-shelf version, termed the SBE 9 plus, that incorporated the SBE 3 plus (or SBE 3P) temperature sensor, SBE 4C conductivity sensor and a Paroscientific Digiquartz pressure sensor. Sensors could be connected to a pump-fed plastic tubing circuit or stand-alone.
Temperature, conductivity and pressure sensors
The conductivity, temperature, and pressure sensors supplied with Sea-Bird CTD systems have outputs in the form of variable frequencies, which are measured using high-speed parallel counters. The resulting count totals are converted to numeric representations of the original frequencies, which bear a direct relationship to temperature, conductivity or pressure. Sampling frequencies for these sensors are typically set at 24 Hz.
The temperature sensing element is a glass-coated thermistor bead, pressure-protected inside a stainless steel tube, while the conductivity sensing element is a cylindrical, flow-through, borosilicate glass cell with three internal platinum electrodes. Thermistor resistance or conductivity cell resistance, respectively, is the controlling element in an optimized Wien Bridge oscillator circuit, which produces a frequency output that can be converted to a temperature or conductivity reading. These sensors are available with depth ratings of 6800 m (aluminium housing) or 10500 m (titanium housing). The Paroscientific Digiquartz pressure sensor comprises a quartz crystal resonator that responds to pressure-induced stress, and temperature is measured for thermal compensation of the calculated pressure.
Additional sensors
Optional sensors for dissolved oxygen, pH, light transmission, fluorescence and others do not require the very high levels of resolution needed in the primary CTD channels, nor do these sensors generally offer variable frequency outputs. Accordingly, signals from the auxiliary sensors are acquired using a conventional voltage-input multiplexed A/D converter (optional). Some Sea-Bird CTDs use a strain gauge pressure sensor (Senso-Metrics) in which case their pressure output data is in the same form as that from the auxiliary sensors as described above.
Deck unit or SEARAM
Each underwater unit is connected to a power supply and data logging system: the SBE 11 (or SBE 11 plus) deck unit allows real-time interfacing between the deck and the underwater unit via a conductive wire, while the submersible SBE 17 (or SBE 17 plus) SEARAM plugs directly into the underwater unit and data are downloaded on recovery of the CTD. The combination of SBE 9 and SBE 17 or SBE 11 are termed SBE 917 or SBE 911, respectively, while the combinations of SBE 9 plus and SBE 17 plus or SBE 11 plus are termed SBE 917 plus or SBE 911 plus.
Specifications for the SBE 9 plus underwater unit are listed below:
|Initial accuracy
|Resolution at 24 Hz
|Response time
|-5 to 35°C
|0.065 sec
|0 to 7 S m-1
|0.0003 S m-1
|0.00004 S m-1
|0.065 sec (pumped)
|0 to full scale (1400, 2000, 4200, 6800 or 10500 m)
|0.015% of full scale
|0.001% of full scale
|0.015 sec
Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.
Chelsea Technologies Group Aquatracka MKIII fluorometer
The Chelsea Technologies Group Aquatracka MKIII is a logarithmic response fluorometer. Filters are available to enable the instrument to measure chlorophyll, rhodamine, fluorescein and turbidity.
It uses a pulsed (5.5 Hz) xenon light source discharging along two signal paths to eliminate variations in the flashlamp intensity. The reference path measures the intensity of the light source whilst the signal path measures the intensity of the light emitted from the specimen under test. The reference signal and the emitted light signals are then applied to a ratiometric circuit. In this circuit, the ratio of returned signal to reference signal is computed and scaled logarithmically to achieve a wide dynamic range. The logarithmic conversion accuracy is maintained at better than one percent of the reading over the full output range of the instrument.
Two variants of the instrument are available, both manufactured in titanium, capable of operating in depths from shallow water down to 2000 m and 6000 m respectively. The optical characteristics of the instrument in its different detection modes are visible below:
|Chlorophyll a
|Wavelength (nm)
|Bandwidth (nm)
|Chlorophyll a
|Wavelength (nm)
|Bandwidth (nm)
* The wavelengths for the turbidity filters are customer selectable but must be in the range 400 to 700 nm. The same wavelength is used in the excitation path and the emission path.
The instrument measures chlorophyll a, rhodamine and fluorescein with a concentration range of 0.01 µg l-1 to 100 µg l-1. The concentration range for turbidity is 0.01 to 100 FTU (other wavelengths are available on request).
The instrument accuracy is ± 0.02 µg l-1 (or ± 3% of the reading, whichever is greater) for chlorophyll a, rhodamine and fluorescein. The accuracy for turbidity, over a 0 - 10 FTU range, is ± 0.02 FTU (or ± 3% of the reading, whichever is greater).
Further details are available from the Aquatracka MKIII specification sheet.
Chelsea Technologies Group ALPHAtracka and ALPHAtracka II transmissometers
The Chelsea Technologies Group ALPHAtracka (the Mark I) and its successor, the ALPHAtracka II (the Mark II), are both accurate (< 0.3 % fullscale) transmissometers that measure the beam attenuation coefficient at 660 nm. Green (565 nm), yellow (590 nm) and blue (470 nm) wavelength variants are available on special order.
The instrument consists of a Transmitter/Reference Assembly and a Detector Assembly aligned and spaced apart by an open support frame. The housing and frame are both manufactured in titanium and are pressure rated to 6000 m depth.
The Transmitter/Reference housing is sealed by an end cap. Inside the housing an LED light source emits a collimated beam through a sealed window. The Detector housing is also sealed by an end cap. A signal photodiode is placed behind a sealed window to receive the collimated beam from the Transmitter.
The primary difference between the ALPHAtracka and ALPHAtracka II is that the Alphatracka II is implemented with surface-mount technology; this has enabled a much smaller diameter pressure housing to be used while retaining exactly the same optical train as in the Mark I. Data from the Mark II version are thus fully compatible with that already obtained with the Mark I. The performance of the Mark II is further enhanced by two electronic developments from Chelsea Technologies Group - firstly, all items are locked in a signal nulling loop of near infinite gain and, secondly, the signal output linearity is inherently defined by digital circuitry only.
Among other advantages noted above, these features ensure that the optical intensity of the Mark II, indicated by the output voltage, is accurately represented by a straight line interpolation between a reading near full-scale under known conditions and a zero reading when blanked off.
For optimum measurements in a wide range of environmental conditions, the Mark I and Mark II are available in 5 cm, 10 cm and 25 cm path length versions. Output is default factory set to 2.5 volts but can be adjusted to 5 volts on request.
Further details about the Mark II instrument are available from the Chelsea Technologies Group ALPHAtrackaII specification sheet.
Chelsea Technologies Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) Irradiance Sensor
This sensor was originally designed to assist the study of marine photosynthesis. With the use of logarithmic amplication, the sensor covers a range of 6 orders of magnitude, which avoids setting up the sensor range for the expected signal level for different ambient conditions.
The sensor consists of a hollow PTFE 2-pi collector supported by a clear acetal dome diverting light to a filter and photodiode from which a cosine response is obtained. The sensor can be used in moorings, profiling or deployed in towed vehicles and can measure both upwelling and downwelling light.
|Operation depth
|1000 m
|2000 to 0.002 µE m-2 s-1
|Angular Detection Range
|± 130° from normal incidence
|Relative Spectral Sensitivity
flat to ± 3% from 450 to 700 nm
down 8% of 400 nm and 36% at 350 nm
Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.
Paroscientific Absolute Pressure Transducers Series 3000 and 4000
Paroscientific Series 3000 and 4000 pressure transducers use a Digiquartz pressure sensor to provide high accuracy and precision data. The sensor comprises a quartz crystal resonator that responds to pressure-induced stress, and temperature is measured for thermal compensation of the calculated pressure.
The 3000 series of transducers includes one model, the 31K-101, whereas the 4000 series includes several models, listed in the table below. All transducers exhibit repeatability of better than ±0.01% full pressure scale, hysteresis of better than ±0.02% full scale and acceleration sensitivity of ±0.008% full scale /g (three axis average). Pressure resolution is better than 0.0001% and accuracy is typically 0.01% over a broad range of temperatures.
Differences between the models lie in their pressure and operating temperature ranges, as detailed below:
|Max. pressure (psia)
|Max. pressure (MPa)
|Temperature range (°C)
|-54 to 107
|0 to 125
|0 to 125
|0 to 125
|0 to 125
|0 to 50
|0 to 50
|0 to 50
|0 to 50
Further details can be found in the manufacturer's specification sheet.
James Cook Cruise JC053 AMT20 CTD Processing
Sampling strategy
A total of 89 successful CTD casts were made during the cruise.
All 89 casts were conventional profiling casts with water sampling. Both a stainless steel (SS) and a titanium (TT) CTD system were used. The SS frame was normally deployed daily at ~05:30 and ~13:00 (ship time). The TT frame was normally deployed daily at ~04:30 (ship time); however from 9th November only the SS frame was used with deployments at ~04:30 and ~13:00 ship time each day. A total of 22 titanium and 67 stainless steel profiles were completed.
Due to a termination failure at 500m on both casts 59 and 60, no bottles could be fired and no data was acquired from the up casts.
Cruise data processing
CTD casts were recorded using the SeaBird data collection software Seasave-Win32. Data were reprocessed at BODC because of concerns about LoopEdit under certain conditions using SBE Data Processing-Win32 v7.20g and the oxygen hysteresis module was used in the calculation of the oxygen channel; the processing routines are named after each stage in brackets. The software applied the calibrations as appropriate through the instrument configuration file to the data in engineering units output by the CTD hardware. The Altimeter data streams were not transferred during processing.
An ascii file including the 24 Hz data for up and down casts was generated along with a bottle file containing all the information from the instant the bottle was fired for each cast (DatCnv). Pressure spikes were removed (WildEdit), the oxygen sensor was then shifted relative to the pressure by 2 seconds, to compensate for the lag in the sensor response time (AlignCTD) and the effect of thermal 'inertia' on the conductivity cells was removed (CellTM). The CTD files produced from SeaBird processing were converted from 24 Hz ascii files into a 2 Hz file (BinAverage). A file was created for each cast containing the mean values of all the variables at the bottle firing locations (Bottle Summary).
During the cruise water samples were collected from rosette bottle on each cast and bench salinometer, Winkler titration and fluorometric analyses made to determine accurate salinity, dissolved oxygen concentration and extracted chlorophyll-a measurements. These data were compared with values from the CTD sensors at bottle firing and a sample calibration derived for the salinity, oxygen and fluorometer channels.
The BBRTD channels have been dropped in the banked files as there are no data for these instruments in the dataset, but these channels are available on request. The calibrated BBRTD profiles will be available separately once they are provided by the scientist responsible for the instrument but the post-cruise calibration has yet to be fully derived and applied.
BODC post-processing and screening
The data were converted from SeaBird ascii format into BODC internal format (QXF) using BODC transfer function 357. The following table shows how the SeaBird variables were mapped to appropriate BODC parameter codes:
Originator's Parameter Name Units Description BODC Parameter Code Units Comments Pressure, Digiquartz dbar CTD pressure PRESPR01 dbar - Temperature [ITS-90] °C Temperature of water column by CTD TEMPCU01 °C - Temperature, 2 [ITS-90] °C Temperature of water column by CTD TEMPCU02 °C - Salinity - Practical salinity of the water body by CTD PSALCU01 - - Salinity, 2 - Practical salinity of the water body by CTD PSALCU02 - - oxygen ml l-1 Dissolved oxygen concentration DOXYSU01 µmol l-1 Converted from ml l-1 to µmol l-1 by multiplying the original value by 44.66. fluor mg m-3 Fluorometer nominal chlorophyll-a CPHLPM01 mg m-3 - PAR irradiance W m-2 Downwelling PAR irradiance DWIRPP01 W m-2 - PAR irradiance W m-2 Upwelling PAR irradiance UWIRPP01 W m-2 - Voltage 6 V BBRTD (red LED) voltage NVLTWR01 V - Voltage 6 V BBRTD (green LED) voltage NVLTWG01 V - Trans m-1 Transmissance POPTDR01 % 25cm pathlength Atten m-1 Beam attenuance ATTNDR01 m-1 25cm pathlength Trans m-1 Transmissance POPTSR01 % 10cm pathlength Atten m-1 Beam attenuance ATTNSR01 m-1 10cm pathlength - - Practical salinity of the water body by CTD PSALCC01 - BODC calibration of PSALCU01 against bench salinometer samples - - Practical salinity of the water body by CTD PSALCC02 - BODC calibration of PSALCU02 against bench salinometer samples - - Oxygen DOXYSC01 µmol l-1 BODC calibration of DOXYSU01 against Winkler samples - - Chlorophyll-a CPHLPS01 mg m-3 BODC calibration of CPHLPM01 against HPLC pigment samples - - Oxygen saturation OXYSSC01 % Generated by BODC using the Benson and Krause (1984) algorithm with parameters DOXYSC01, PSALCC01 and TEMPCU01 - - Potential temperature POTMCV01 °C Generated by BODC using UNESCO Report 38 (1981) algorithm with parameters PSALCC01 and TEMPCU01 - - Sigma-theta SIGTPR01 kg m-3 Generated by BODC using the Fofonoff and Millard (1982) algorithm
Benson, B.B. and Krause, D., 1984. The concentration and isotopic fractionation of oxygen dissolved in freshwater and seawater in equilibrium with the atmosphere. Limnol. Oceanogr., 29(3), 620-632
Fofonoff, N.P. and Millard, R.C., 1983. Algorithms for computations of fundamental properties of seawater. UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science No. 44, 53pp.
UNESCO, 1981. Background papers and supporting data on the International Equation of State of Seawater 1980. UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science No. 38, 192pp
Reformatted CTD data were transferred onto a graphics work station for visualisation using the in-house editor EDSERPLO. Downcasts and upcasts were differentiated and the limits manually flagged. No data values were edited or deleted. Flagging was achieved by modification of the associated BODC quality control flag for suspect or null values.
From visual screening of the 2Hz data profiles, it was clear that on occasions during the cruise salinity and temperature profiles suffered from the problem of ship's heave/entrainment, which has now become conspicuous on most cruises. The effect was greater in the profiles from the stainless steel rig with the 20 l niskin bottles. The primary temperature and conductivity sensors were located within the frame and the secondary temperature and conductivity sensors were deployed on an external fin. The entrainment features were greatly reduced in the data from the secondary sensors. However the data from the primary sensor channels were considered more reliable due to problems with the secondary conductivity channel during the cruise and entrainment anomalies were flagged systematically whenever it was believed that they would affect the quality of the 1 dbar-binned data.
Screening notes regarding specific casts:
Temperature and salinity: Salinity profiles from the vane mounted sensor on the stainless steel rig showed great variability for casts 27-37 and have been flagged suspect. The problem was resolved by changing the sensor (cast 30s) and then the pump (cast 39s). All salinity data from the secondary sensor have been flagged suspect for the stainless steel casts from 27 and 29. Casts where severe entrainment features were visible; 32t (100-220 db), 36s, 37s (all cast), 40s (60-140 db), 49s (50-200 db), 50t (35-120 db), 52s (30-300 db), 55s (50-200 db), 56t (85-135 db), 74s (60-300 db), 76s (all cast), 77s (30-180 db), 79s (30-100 db), 81s (30-190 db), 87s (50-120 db), 88s (160-260db) and 89s (60-80 db). Cast 60s has had the salinity data flagged between 50-80 db.
Dissolved oxygen: The channel shows variation for the majority of casts, whether this reflects natural variability or entrainment is not always clear. For some casts where the variation is minimal the entrainment problem where obvious has been flagged, however the variability on most casts makes it difficult to distinguish.
Fluorescence: No obvious problem with entrainment for the fluorometer channels. Some small observations follow but limited additional flagging has taken place at this stage. Casts 57, 77 and 88 had some spiking flagged.
Cruise documentation indicates a problem with the TT rig fluorometer during the up-cast of CTD041t. The problem only appeared during the up-cast and manifested as a drop to 0 volts before returning a diminished signal for the rest of the up-cast. The cable was changed prior to cast CTD059t but the problem persisted. The fluorometer was changed after CTD64t and instrument S/N 09-7117-001 replaced instrument S/N 088224. A change to the science programme resulted in the titanium rig not being used from this point in the cruise.
Beam attenuance and transmissance: The majority of the transmissometer profiles are of poor quality. The problem is evident on both SS and TT frame profiles which suggests a transmissometer problem related to environmental conditions such as for example where temperature or temperature gradients were beyond an acceptable threshold. It is telling that the anomalies are not depth or sensor related but seems to be related to the depth of the thermocline i.e. anomalies are consistently observed at the base of the strong thermocline. From cast 19s onwards the transmissometers start behaving suspiciously, showing large but smooth attenuance maximum at depth as well as strong drifts (e.g. cast 64t).The anomalies disappear much later in the cruise from cast 78s. The transmissometer data are calibrated from manufacturer's calibration coefficients and the attenuance and transmission values should not be used as absolute values but for the relative profile trend where data values have not been flagged. The anomalies observed during AMT20 are likely due to a severe case of hysteresis produced by air and water temperature in excess of the instruments operating range (1 to 25 °C). This has been observed on AMT cruises before and reported by Jeff Benson (e.g. AMT12-17).
Downwelling and upwelling PAR: For the down- and up-welling PAR profiles, spiky data were generally associated with movement when the package was going down too slowly and "bouncing" in the surface layer. However the majority of casts were not flagged given that the variation can be the result of variation in surface conditions (e.g. changing cloud cover).
Once quality control screening was complete, the CTD downcasts were banked. Finally, the data were binned against pressure at 1 dbar increments with flagged data excluded from the bin averaging. The primary salinity, temperature, density and potential temperature channels were retained as the best quality data channels from the two sensors.
Field Calibrations
There were no casts where the CTD pressure was logging in air. No adjustments were made to the values resulting from application of manufacturer's coefficients during the initial processing.
Temperature readings from the two temperature sensors were almost identical outside of entrainment features and no other independent measurements of better quality were available. No further correction was therefore applied to the data.
The salinity data were calibrated using the sensor readings from the up-cast at the point when the bottles were fired and the discrete salinity data measured using the bench salinometer on water samples collected from bottles. The samples collected were from the deepest depth for each cast. Offsets were generated between the salinometer and CTD sensor values and plotted against cast and salinometer values. The calibration set for the secondary sensor on the stainless steel rig was subdivided between the casts where the sensor was changed.
The linear regressions of offset against bench salinometer data for the stainless steel cast were not significant and so offsets were generated. All sensors appeared to show a drift with time, however with only one sample collected from the deepest sampled depth on each cast this could not be investigated further as it was not possible to determine if the offset was fixed or varied with salinity for each cast. Three offsets were applied to primary sensor (casts 1-59, 60-69 and 70-89) and two to the secondary sensor (casts 1-29 and 30-89).
Casts Calibration N R2 BODC cal ref 1 - 59 PSALCC01 = PSALCU01 + 0.0028 (± 0.0013) 27 - 6576 60 - 69 PSALCC01 = PSALCU01 + 0.0049 (± 0.0015) 3 - 6577 70 - 89 PSALCC01 = PSALCU01 + 0.0072 (± 0.0015) 17 - 6578 1 - 29 PSALCC02 = PSALCU02 + 0.0049 (± 0.0022) 15 - 6579 30 - 89 PSALCC02 = PSALCU02 + 0.0038 (± 0.0028) 27 - 6580
There were no problems with the conductivity sensors deployed on the titanium rig. The primary sensor had a small offset of +0.0001, which was consistent over time and with the secondary sensor the offset had a significant linear regression with the bench salinometer measurements and a subsequent offset of +0.0016 once the trend was corrected.
Casts Calibration N R2 BODC cal ref All PSALCC01 = PSALCU01 + 0.0001 (± 0.0010) 19 - 6557 All PSALCC02 = 0.9979 * PSALCU02 + 0.0761 20 0.640 6558
The reduction in the RMS residual indicates an improved match to the bench salinometer sample dataset after calibration (stainless steel rig sensor 1: uncalibrated RMS = 0.553, calibrated RMS = 0.033; stainless steel rig sensor 2: uncalibrated RMS = 0.553, calibrated RMS = 0.033; titanium rig sensor 1: uncalibrated RMS = 0.158, calibrated RMS = 0.039; titanium rig sensor 2: uncalibrated RMS = 0.158, calibrated RMS = 0.039).
Dissolved oxygen
The oxygen sensors were calibrated using the sensor readings from the up-cast at the point when the bottles were fired and the dissolved oxygen concentrations from Winkler titrations on water samples collected from the bottles. The samples collected were from a range of depths on a number of casts throughout the cruise.
The oxygen sensors on both rigs operated without problem during the cruise. 206 samples were taken from the stainless steel rig casts during the cruise. The oxygen calibration was split because there were two subgroups which were apparent in the calibration dataset. This was highlighted by the scientist carrying out the Winkler titrations onboard the cruise. After comparison between the surface Winkler titration oxygen saturation values and the surface calibrated sensor saturation values, the sensor values showed a drift below 100% saturation not reflected in the Winkler titration data. Therefore it was decided to split the calibration dataset. The calibration was carried out for two sections which split the cruise before and after Ascension Island (casts 1-67 and 68-89). The linear regression of offset against Winkler oxygen concentration was significant for both calibrations (n=97; R2=0.84; p<0.001 and n=88; R2=0.84; p<0.001).
Casts Calibration N R2 BODC cal ref 1 - 66 DOXYSC01 = 1.1064 * DOXYSU01 + 5.7468 97 0.840 6566 67 - 89 DOXYSC01 = 1.0800 * DOXYSU01 + 7.5969 97 0.840 6567
121 samples were taken from the titanium rig casts during the cruise. An analysis of the calibration dataset in its entirety had a non significant regression of the offset against Winkler oxygen concentration (n=108; R2<0.001; p=0.99). However when the offset was plotted against cast number a step in the offsets became apparent. Therefore the calibration was split into 2 groups (casts 2-17 and cast 20-64) with an offset applied for the first group of casts and a regression against Winkler concentrations for the second group.
Casts Calibration N R2 BODC cal ref 2 - 17 DOXYSC01 = DOXYSU01 + 3.0330 25 - 6564 20 - 64 DOXYSC01 = 1.0361 * DOXYSU01 + 0.5969 83 0.380 6565
The reduction in the RMS residual indicates an improved match to the Winkler titration dataset after calibration (stainless steel rig sensor: uncalibrated RMS = 0.553, calibrated RMS = 0.033; titanium rig sensor: uncalibrated RMS = 0.158, calibrated RMS = 0.039).
The CTD deployed fluorometers were calibrated against extracted chlorophyll-a measurements made on seawater collected by Niskin bottles from up to 6 depths at each station. When both CTD rigs were being deployed each CTD was sampled once per day. After Ascension Island when the stainless steel rig was used for all casts, a reduced number of samples were taken from the noon cast.
The stainless steel rig fluorometer operated without problems until cast 86 when the voltage dropped out during the up-cast. The cable was tightened before cast 87 and then changed before cast 88; while the down-cast on all three casts appeared to be OK the drop outs on the up-cast persisted for both casts 87 and 88. This resulted in the bottle firing data for these casts being unreliable for use in the calibration. Cast 86 was not calibrated, while casts 87 and 88 were calibrated taking the nominal chl-a values from the down-cast at the relevant bottle firing depths. The fluorometer was then replaced for the final cast 89. The calibration was split between four regions along the cruise track for the fluorometer in use from casts 1 to 85. There were further separate calibrations for each of the suspect casts and for the final cast with the new fluorometer.
Casts Calibration N R2 BODC cal ref 4 - 7 CPHLPS01 = 1.4544 (± 0.0327) * CPHLPM01 9 0.79 6568 9 - 13 CPHLPS01 = 2.0345 (± 0.0098) * CPHLPM01 10 0.89 6569 15 - 79 CPHLPS01 = 3.0583 (± 0.0098) * CPHLPM01 110 0.97 6570 80 - 85 CPHLPS01 = 2.0718 (± 0.0120) * CPHLPM01 22 0.94 6571 87 CPHLPS01 = 2.0386 (± 0.0200) * CPHLPM01 9 0.79 6573 88 CPHLPS01 = 1.4179 (± 0.0078) * CPHLPM01 3 0.50 6574 89 CPHLPS01 = 1.9910 (± 0.0219) * CPHLPM01 4 0.66 6575
The problem during up-cast observed on the titanium rig fluorometer produced unreliable data to calibrate the sensor from the bottle files. The titanium rig was therefore calibrated against sensor values taken from the down-cast at the same depth as the bottles were fired. The calibration was split between five regions along the cruise track.
Casts Calibration N R2 BODC cal ref 2 - 11 CPHLPS01 = 1.7130 (± 0.0183) * CPHLPM01 15 0.90 6559 14 - 28 CPHLPS01 = 5.3169 (± 0.0166) * CPHLPM01 - 0.0606 (± 0.0038) 159 0.907 6560 32 - 41 CPHLPS01 = 4.4718 (± 0.0218) * CPHLPM01 - 0.0957 (± 0.0045) 24 0.98 6561 44 - 53 CPHLPS01 = 6.4238 (± 0.0302) * CPHLPM01 - 0.1933 (± 0.0106) 18 0.98 6562 56 - 64 CPHLPS01 = 3.8976 (± 0.0111) * CPHLPM01 - 0.0791 (± 0.0042) 9 1.00 6563
The reduction in the RMS residual indicates an improved match to the extracted chl-a sample dataset after calibration (stainless steel rig sensor: uncalibrated RMS = 0.224, calibrated RMS = 0.090; titanium rig sensor: uncalibrated RMS = 0.175, calibrated RMS = 0.078).
Project Information
Oceans 2025 Theme 10, Sustained Observation Activity 1: The Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT)
The Atlantic Meridional Transect has been operational since 1995 and through the Oceans 2025 programme secures funding for a further five cruises during the period 2007-2012. The AMT programme began in 1995 utilising the passage of the RRS James Clark Ross between the UK and the Falkland Islands southwards in September and northwards in April each year. Prior to Oceans 2025 the AMT programme has completed 18 cruises following this transect in the Atlantic Ocean. This sustained observing system aims to provide basin-scale understanding of the distribution of planktonic communities, their nutrient turnover and biogenic export in the context of hydrographic and biogeochemical provinces of the North and South Atlantic Oceans.
The Atlantic Meridional Transect Programme is an open ocean in situ observing system that will:
- give early warning of any fundamental change in Atlantic ecosystem functionng
- improve forecasts of the future ocean state and associated socio-economic impacts
- provide a "contextual" logistical and scientific infrastructure for independently-funded national and international open ocean biogeochemical and ecological research.
The specific objectives are:
- To collect hydrographic, chemical, ecological and optical data on transects between the UK and the Falkland Islands
- To quantify the nature and causes of ecological and biogeochemical variability in planktonic ecosystems
- To assess the effects of variability in planktonic ecosystems on biogenic export and on air-sea exchange of radiatively active gases
The measurements taken and experiments carried out on the AMT cruises will be closely linked to Themes 2 and 5. The planned cruise track also allows for the AMT data to be used in providing spatial context to the Sustained Observation Activities at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain Ocean Observatory (SO2) and the Western Channel Observatory (SO10).
More detailed information on this Work Package is available at pages 6 - 9 of the official Oceans 2025 Theme 10 document: Oceans 2025 Theme 10
Weblink: http://www.oceans2025.org/
Data Activity or Cruise Information
|Cruise Name
|Departure Date
|Arrival Date
|Principal Scientist(s)
|Andrew Rees (Plymouth Marine Laboratory)
|RRS James Cook
Complete Cruise Metadata Report is available here
Fixed Station Information
No Fixed Station Information held for the Series
BODC Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
|Below detection limit
|In excess of quoted value
|Taxonomic flag for affinis (aff.)
|Beginning of CTD Down/Up Cast
|Taxonomic flag for confer (cf.)
|Thermometric depth
|End of CTD Down/Up Cast
|Non-taxonomic biological characteristic uncertainty
|Extrapolated value
|Taxonomic flag for single species (sp.)
|Improbable value - unknown quality control source
|Improbable value - originator's quality control
|Improbable value - BODC quality control
|Null value
|Improbable value - user quality control
|Replacement value
|Estimated value
|Interpolated value
|Control value
|Excessive difference
SeaDataNet Quality Control Flags
The following single character qualifying flags may be associated with one or more individual parameters with a data cycle:
|no quality control
|good value
|probably good value
|probably bad value
|bad value
|changed value
|value below detection
|value in excess
|interpolated value
|missing value
|value phenomenon uncertain
|value below limit of quantification


text:
If only we could hear you scream in space, now on PC!
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- Junior Ensign
- Posts: 49
- Joined: Tue Dec 09, 2014 8:58 pm
I'm not sure if I already discussed this but I'll just grow it again, so I have been playing some fallout 3 and also FTL (faster than light) and I have seen that they are some type of different skills for example intelligence, strength, charisma, etc. and I just wanted to see that in the game (if ya like the idea) to be honest I would have an charismatic and intelligent general (just like me smart and charismatic.... Not strong by the way)
JEML Productions= Fun game and really entertaining I give it a 11/10
Star Command Galaxies Alpha 6 gameplay
Star Command Galaxies Alpha 6 gameplay
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1 post • Page 1 of 1


text:
From Miami: Selections from the Miami Art Fairs
Driving to Miami in a car, through scrub trees, pines and high water along the highway, I feel like I've come to the end of America. Here we are for the 2012 Miami Art Fairs, a city-wide, four day long event comprised countless art fairs, exhibitions, and unofficial events. Arriving in a city that I've never visited, my first night is spent in orientation. I've done[…..]


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Can the Colts stop the revitalized Antonio Gates and Philip Rivers, and how will San Diego cope with Indy's downfield threat?
Chargers offense vs. Colts defense
Indianapolis cornerbacks Vontae Davis, Greg Toler and Darius Butler are getting better each week in man coverage. That's the best coverage to play against a San Diego spread passing attack that is well-designed but deprived of a go-to wide receiver.
San Diego does, however, have a go-to tight end. Thirty-three-year-old Antonio Gates is healthier and moving better than he has over the past two seasons. The closest the Colts have come to facing a threatening tight end was Week 3, when they saw an injured Vernon Davis in street clothes on the Niners' sideline. Don't be surprised if they play a lot of man-free coverage with a lurk defender underneath to help propagate interior double-teams against Gates. Their other alternative would be to play quarters coverage, which would have the outside corners essentially playing man and the shallow underneath defenders playing zone.
Whatever coverage the Colts play, it will be interesting to see how much, if any, disguising they do. Philip Rivers, who you could argue is so far having a career-year in Mike McCoy's system, has been outstanding at diagnosing and adjusting to defensive looks before the snap. After Gates, Rivers' best weapon is new running back Danny Woodhead. The ex-Patriot is a movable chess piece who can create his own space on carries out of a single-man backfield or as a route runner split out wide. If the Colts do go with quarters coverage, Rivers will almost certainly split Woodhead out to occupy one of Indy's top corners. That would create mismatches for receivers Vincent Brown, Keenan Allen and Eddie Royal inside or, possibly, get Gates against a linebacker.
Of course, it's one thing to create mismatches. It's another to exploit them. Rivers and the Chargers must be sharper Monday night than they were last Sunday night.
Colts offense vs. Chargers defense
We'll dive deeper into Andrew Luck later this week in preparation for his showdown with Peyton Manning. For now we'll focus on the guys around Luck. In trading for Trent Richardson, the Colts made it clear that they're committed to having a classic power running game. So far Richardson has given them exactly what he gave the Browns: a bunch of unimaginative two- and three-yard gains. The second-year pro runs hard, but having little lateral agility or initial burst, he's basically at the mercy of his blockers. Richardson's blockers, quite frankly, are not very good. Every Colts offensive lineman, save for surging left tackle Anthony Castonzo, lacks the necessary athleticism to consistently reach the second level or quickly get out in front when on the move.


text:
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- Commentary
By Cody Willard
I had the honor of interviewing legendary futurist/forecaster, Gerald Celente, publisher of Trends Journal, on my first ever, one-on-one interview for my podcast, Cody Underground.
Topics we covered included:
1. Do we have to have a crisis and crash for change to come?
2. How do we get past partisan politics and Republican/Democrat radicalism?
3. Gerald's new movement: Occupy Peace.
4. Can the Internet Revolution save us?
Gerald starts off by giving us his forecast on the economic front: "Well, everybody knows the story. If they follow you, everybody knows the deal. As long as they keep dumping in cheap money into the system, whether it's coming from China, whether it's coming from the European Central Bank, whether it's coming from the Federal Reserve, as long as they keep pumping dough into the system, it's going to keep going on. It's a Ponzi scheme. The other thing is, of course, these record low interest rates."
Later, he hits on how it's individuals who have to step up to make change.
"That's what we're talking about, again, the people. Here's the way I look at it. Eighty percent of the people will follow anything and do anything. You see them all over. They eat crap, they buy corporate food, they eat corporate food, they have no minds … they've lost it. They'll follow good or bad. Whoever has the loudest voice, they'll follow." Zinger!
Gerald continues, "Why isn't it working? Here's why. Look what's going on with Ukraine. Look at the propaganda campaign. The major media, even though less and less people are listening and watching, they still have great influence."
You can hear the whole interview by clicking on the podcast below.
I liked this podcast and the interview with Gerald so much, I made a YouTube video with pictures. Finally, here's a full transcription of the interview too.
And before we part, I have two quick house keeping items to attend to:
President Vladimir Putin's threat to subject Yandex /quotes/zigman/5262665/delayed /quotes/nls/yndx YNDX , Russia's largest search-engine company, to more regulation has hit the stock hard this morning. I don't like central control from our government or any other. I do think over time that Yandex would probably end up a state-sanctioned monopoly for Russian Internet search and news and shareholders would probably end up benefiting from that. My call options expire in August and they're down obviously from when I bought them, so this news and today's markets reaction to it probably put my trade in a lottery ticket category now. I threw a tiny bit of capital at those call options telling you upfront that I could lose the whole chunk if the stock doesn't get above $30 by August. It is what it is.
Meanwhile, Pandora's /quotes/zigman/5419837/delayed /quotes/nls/p P crushed and I think it's headed into teens, but I'm going to close out my trading short on it for now and lock in those profits. I'd also recently voted Bearish on Pandora over at Scutify's $P sentiment page when it made that recent pop back to $29. I'll revisit it if it rallies back towards $30 again.
Cody Willard writes Revolution Investing for MarketWatch, posts the trades from his personal account at TradingWithCody.com, which is not affiliated with MarketWatch, and is the largest shareholder in Scutify's parent company, Wall Street All-Stars. At time of publication, Cody was net long Yandex and net short Pandora. Follow Cody on Twitter at twitter.com/codywillard.


text: On Sun, 27 Feb 2005, Jake Thebault-Spieker wrote: > A couple of questions. > > 1. Is it possible to use the HD in the nodes on the cluster as one > HD(kind of like an extended RAID array)? Yes. Google for PVFS. > 2. Does anybody know of a program that will calculate pi, one digit at a > time, infinitely that will run in parallel? I don't know about one that will compute an infinite number of digits in PI, but the computation of PI via the arctan series is trivially partitionable in a variety of ways. You'll spend more time working to sum and align the digits you get (as they obviously will have to be obtained and manipulated piecewise as strings) than you will doing the computation per se. It actually sounds like a decent exercise, as the carry from small digits may have to propagate iteratively back to larger ones as you extend the computation farther and farther. However, it ALSO sounds like one of those problems where parallization may not do too well trying to beat a well-written serial version. Also, IIRC there are example programs for computing pi in parallel in lam and mpich, but I don't think they are geared for returning all the digits as a digit string. You might look at the following: http://www.mathpages.com/home/kmath373.htm or http://aemes.mae.ufl.edu/~uhk/PI.html for some of many online articles on pi and its computation. Google is your friend. > > 3. What is the difference between Mosix(www.mosix.org) and > openMosix(www.openmosix.org)? I don't know, don't use Mosix. But somebody on list probably does. > I'm in the process of reading "Engineering a Beowulf Style Computer > Cluster" by Robert Brown. I like it a lot and it contains lots of > information. Thanks Mr. Brown! ;-) You're welcome! -- Robert G. Brown http://www.phy.duke.edu/~rgb/ Duke University Dept. of Physics, Box 90305 Durham, N.C. 27708-0305 Phone: 1-919-660-2567 Fax: 919-660-2525 email:rgb at phy.duke.edu


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Forget webs and x-ray vision, Electrical Safety Man has been relying on his powers of knowledge dispersal to keep the people of Oregon safe this summer. With a broad chest, tight pants, and a sixth sense for detecting Code violations, this cartoon creation of IBEW Local 48 is waging a public relations war against the forces of electrocution in the Pacific Northwest. Shazam!
The birth of a hero. After building fires caused $34.7 million in damages in Oregon between 2000 and 2004, Local 48 looked for a way to inform the public — particularly kids — about the dangers of electricity. With the help of a local artist, the union put the superhero on paper in an 8-page comic book and passed out 2,500 copies at area schools.
Capes are so 1950. Comic book artist Herb Apon drew from iconic heroes like Batman and Superman for inspiration before settling on Electrical Safety Man's blue-white-and-yellow costume…and he left the cape on the drawing board.
Hollywood on hold. Don't expect a celluloid Electrical Safety Man any time soon, but Local 48 plans to incorporate him in print and TV advertising, and an in-the-flesh version may soon be making public appearances. He'll stay 2D for now, but that doesn't mean he can't get around. "Our safety director drives a van, and we're talking about putting Electrical Safety Man on that as well," says Tim Gauthier, Local 48 director. "We want a mobile presence."


text:
415 , Yogiarecad , Yogichowk, Surat (Gujarat) India
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Mountaintops have an allure as a destination, as the physical representation of a mission accomplished, of success achieved following hard work. "If you don't scale the mountain, you can't view the plain," says one of numerous Chinese proverbs dealing with mountaintops. All this glamour is deserved. It's tough enough getting to the top of a mountain, never mind making that place your own. Once there, there's nothing like a commanding view from a house above the treetops, or from an apartment dozens of stories above street level, to make a homeowner feel like the Master of the Universe.
While, for the most part, no one has yet figured out a way to put a price on the great outdoors, sellers do place a significantly higher price on a house that's situated high up for spectacular views of mountains, fields, or scenic bodies of water. In cities, those penthouse apartments offering a twinkling panorama of the urban grid command a pretty penny as well. The following properties start out at nearly $3 million, and from there, the prices soar on up to nearly $50 million for one single-family house in Malibu. Very often, a buyer needs to be on top of the heap, financially speaking, to live at the top of the hill or apartment building. Those lucky buyers are likely to soon find themselves amassing friends in high places.
The following selections of luxurious homes from Realtor.com are located around the United States, from cities like Miami and Malibu and from the mountains of Colorado to the mountains of North Carolina. There's even one villa overlooking the Mediterranean Sea on the French Riviera, taken from the newly launched international branch of Realtor.com. These lofty living spaces include views both natural and urban that can be calming, inspiring, or stimulating, depending on the locale and the owner's desire. Each home comes with its own built-in ways to enjoy the lofty vistas, such as window seats, decks and terraces, and soaking tubs located next to windows. Click on to see 10 houses on top of the world.
By Colleen KanePosted 11 November 2011


text:
Mark Eley LCO3007 and Ryan Eley LCO4506 have over 40 years combined experience servicing, retail property management, commercial property management, retail centers, restaurants, medical building, industrial facilities and residential locksmith services in the city of Anaheim.
We're on call for lock and key repairs from Colony Historic District to the Disney Civic Center Area, Center Street Promenade to Founder's Park complex, or from any of the businesses or residents in the 92801, 92802, 92804, 92806 zip codes. We service: ADA hardware compliance, keyless access systems, high security key systems, master keying, rekeying, key and door labeling, door hardware installations, desk locks, filing cabinet locks, mailbox locks.
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Bulbophyllum ambrosia is one of the few pleasingly fragrant Bulbophyllums. It is a small creeper that does very well mounted with warm temperatures [...]
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This weird species is from central Africa and is found at elevations up to 3000 feet. In the 1700's it was considered to be a missing link between [...]
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Found in SE Asia and New Guinea in forests at elevations of 1500 to 2000 feet as a small sized plant with 3 ½ inch flowers, growing at intermediate [...]
Bulbophyllum saurocephalum is a small growing species found around 3000 feet in the Philippines. It is an easy grower doing best with a shady, moist [...]
Found in Thailand, Malaysia, Java and Borneo below 2000 feet it is a robust, creeping grower. The white flowers , up to 12, are in a cluster that [...]
[680 e1.6]
This is one of the Daisy orchids and is found growing at 1000 foot elevations in the lowland forest of Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo and the [...]
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This is a set of new NXT Generation Radiator Cover Extension Panel Covers for the 2005-2009 Ford Mustang Both V6 and V8
These extension covers attach, using existing hardware, above the headlights
at either side of the factory radiator cover. Made from the same black textured
plastic as the factory radiator cover and are a perfect match. This kit cleans
up an area, by factory design, looks like something is missing.
NOTE: Used on cars with a hood lift kit, as there is no clearance hole for
the factory prop rod.
Product 5/17
This product was added to our catalog on Wednesday 08 December, 2010.
Found this item at a lower price but prefer to buy from Mrbodykit.com? As long as the item you have seen is readily available, & is not in an end of line sale, we will usually be able to price match.
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have warehouses in both the U.S.A. and Canada.
Conveniently ready to ship to both US and Canada locations making
shipping faster and more convenient for you.
MrBodykit.com is the best place to find the lowest prices on
performance and show parts for your modern mustang. At MrBodykit.com
you can find free shipping on all late model Mustang Parts &
Car Accessories excluding large items that require freight shipping.
When looking for Mustang Wheels, Tuners, Exhaust, Headlights, Tail
lights or any other type of Mustang Performance Parts, don't bother
shopping anywhere else - MrBodykit.com will match or beat any
advertised price that we carry in stock. Your satisfaction is
our top priority.
Ford, Ford Racing, Mustang, Mustang GT, Cobra & Bullitt are registered trademarks of Ford Motor Company. Mrbodykit has no affiliation with Ford Motor Company.
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Midwest-Bayless Italian Auto
Click for additional information on technical support for your classic Fiat / Lancia.
Click to view classic Fiat and Lancia cars being offered for sale by the owners of Midwest-Bayless, or client cars available for sale.
Use Fiat and Lancia parts guides to see exploded diagrams and identify factory part numbers, that you can then use to search for parts in our system.
Midwest-Bayless will provide generous store credits in exchange for your desirable parts and select rebuildable cores. Click to learn more about the process.


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Say "gracias" in shades of green watercolor. Blank inside so that you can write your own personal message. This card is printed from one of my hand lettered designs. You will receive:`
- 1 A7 folded card (5" x 7")
- 1 A7 kraft envelope
Card designs are hand lettered, calligraphed, illustrated, and designed by Lyndsay. Handwritten cards are written on heavy, natural white, textured or smooth paper with a variety of tools such as calligraphy inks, watercolors, oblique calligraphy pens, parallel pens, and brush pens. Printed cards are digitally printed onto heavy, natural white, textured or smooth paper. All cards are made in the USA.
Item will be shipped once payment has been received. The card and envelope will be protected in a clear plastic sleeve and shipped in a padded envelope or cardboard mailer to ensure that your card arrives safely in pristine condition.
This item is ready to ship in 1-3 business days and will ship via USPS. Please expect shipping to take 2-8 days. Rush orders and/or expedited shipping are available for an additional charge. Please email email@example.com for more information.
© Lyndsay Wright Design LLC
Original Artwork by Lyndsay Wright
Under no circumstances may these images or cards be photographed, scanned, reproduced, or used for resale purposes of any kind.
I appreciate your business, and I hope that you enjoy my work and products. In the event that you are not completely satisfied with your purchase, please email firstname.lastname@example.com. PRINTED ITEMS MAY BE RETURNED WITHIN 15 DAYS OF RECEIVING THEM FOR EXCHANGE OR CREDIT ONLY (excludes custom orders). Items must be in their original packaging and in perfect, unused condition. CUSTOM and/or PERSONALIZED ITEMS MAY NOT BE RETURNED, EXCHANGED, CREDITED, OR REFUNDED UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES. NO REFUNDS WILL BE GRANTED AFTER 30 DAYS FOLLOWING THE ORIGINAL PURCHASE DATE.


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Joe Budden Confirms Getting Rocked In The Face By One Of Raekwons Goons!
Joe budden gets rocked, by wu tang. shot out to NiTEMARE for the tip.
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On the grocery store shelf they look plump, red and delicious. But the first bite can bring disappointment. Strawberries often don't taste as good as they look, but researchers hope to bring the flavor back to the berries.
The genome of the wild woodland strawberry offers scientists a gene parts list, within which they can look for the genetic underpinnings of flavor compounds produced in the berries, as well as many other things.
For decades, strawberries have been bred for traits that made them look good to consumers, grow well, and handle long shipment times. So, while certain traits, such as berry size, have increased, flavor has been neglected.
Kevin Folta, interim chairman of horticulture at the University of Florida, and colleagues are among those looking to change that.
Finding flavors
There are 21 species of strawberry, some with more complex genetics than others. The cultivated strawberry, first breed in 1765 in the Royal Botanical Gardens in Versailles, France, is among the more complex. Like both its ancestors, it carries eight copies of its genetic code. (By comparison, humans have two.)
In late 2010, researchers reported sequencing the genome of the woodland strawberry. With only two copies of genetic code, this once wild strawberry has become a lab rat for researchers who want to improve the more complex commercial berries.
Flavor is one area of interest. For instance, Folta's group is pursuing genes responsible for a molecule called methyl anthranilate, which has a grapelike flavor. Commercially cultivated strawberries don't produce this compound, while wild berries are rich in it.
To identify the genes and biochemistry responsible for this flavor compound, Folta and his colleaguesare tweaking the wild berry's genetic code, removing the suspect genes or prompting them to become unusually active, to see how production of the compound is affected. They have also attempted to move the flavor-producing trait into the commercial berries by breeding them with wild strawberries.
The results of these crosses indicate they are on to something: "The berries smell wonderful," Folta said.
For flavor, 1 + 1 = 4 Flavor is actually a complex mix of characteristics. This research focuses on the production of volatile, or easily evaporated chemicals. These become aromas when picked up by the nose, or when released by chewing.
The flavor associated with strawberries is actually a complex blend of fruity- and floral- flavored compounds that mingle and interact with the human sense of smell.
"So, it's kind of a synergistic one plus one equals four effect," Folta said.
As a result, adding this compound to the berries doesn't make them smell more like grapes. Instead, it contributes to a more conspicuously fruity flavor, Folta said.
Other factors, such as sugar content, acidity, and even color also contribute to perception of flavor when eating a berry.
Folta's lab is also looking at the production of linalool, a compound that evokes Fruit Loops cereal. Other compounds, such as ones that evoke the aromas of pineapples and green grass, are also on their list.
If flavor research is successful, better tasting and smelling berries could arrive on the market in about five years or so. Folta notes that these berries would be the result of conventional breeding, not genetic engineering.
Graduate student Alan Chambers and strawberry breeder Vance Whitaker are also involved in the work.
This story was provided by TechNewsDaily, a sister site to LiveScience. Follow TechNewsDaily on Twitter @TechNewsDaily. We're also on Facebook & Google+.
- 11 Tasty DNA Sequences
- 10 Technologies That Will Transform Your Life
- 10 Sci-Fi Predictions That Came True
Copyright 2013 LiveScience, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Pride » Events
She fest 2018
Saturday July 7 at 11:00AM
San Diego LGBT Pride
3620 30th Street, San Diego CA 92104
Map It
Visit Website Buy Tickets
Save the date!
Save the date!
Visit sdpride.org/shefest for more info and sdpride.org/entertainment-application/ to apply to perform.
She Fest is a woman-centered event that celebrates and supports the talents and contributions of women while fostering meaningful connections within the LGBT and larger San Diego community.
Our accessibility team is preparing to make She Fest 2018 welcome to all. Stay tuned for more information. Contact firstname.lastname@example.com with questions or if you would like to volunteer for the accessibility team.


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The auto industry is expected to get a boost from Black Friday and report a 3.6% increase in November sales, according to research provider Kelley Blue Book.
Continue Reading Below
Pent-up consumer demand and low interest rates have helped lift U.S. sales of new vehicles. Last month, results continued to come in strong as the Big Three automakers each reported double-digit gains.
Kelley Blue Book senior analyst Alec Gutierrez said Black Friday sales events, such as General Motors' (NYSE:GM) supplier pricing promotion, will fuel demand during the final weekend of the month.
"Sales in November tend to be heavily skewed toward the end of the month because of Black Friday sales events … so sales could surpass current expectations if the available deals are especially enticing," he added.
Gutierrez also noted that November sales face a tough comparison to an especially strong month in 2012, when drivers replaced vehicles or made delayed purchases after Superstorm Sandy.
Total November sales are projected to hit 1,185,000 units, a 1.7% drop from the prior month. But Kelley Blue Book believes the seasonally adjusted annual rate will rise to 15.6 million versus 15.2 million in October. The SAAR in November 2012 was 15.3 million.
According to the report, GM will easily outpace its rivals with 12.1% sales growth, thanks to employee pricing on a variety of vehicles. Chrysler Group is second with a 6.9% gain, followed by Ford (NYSE:F) at 6.2%.
Toyota (NYSE:TM) sales are expected to climb 5.8% for the best showing among international automakers.
Kelley Blue Book also noted that fears of a lag following the partial government shutdown in October were largely overblown, given the expectation that sales are on pace to post another year-over-year gain.
Last week, Edmunds.com predicted an industry-wide gain of 4.7% for November sales and an annualized rate of 15.7 million vehicles. Edmunds has Chrysler in line to post the biggest gain of 10%.
GM shares climbed 13 cents to $37.68 early Tuesday afternoon. Ford fell a penny to $16.93. Honda slipped 1.2% to $42.08, while Toyota was down 34 cents at $125.26.


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You Ask, I Answer: Chocolate With Benefits
How much truth is there in the idea that chocolate can be a health food?
If it's true, does that mean I am getting some health benefits from any chocolate product?
— Alice Costello
(Location Withheld)
To answer this question, it is important to differentiate between cocoa and chocolate.
Cocoa refers to the seed from the cacao fruit. Chocolate, meanwhile, is a term that describes a product that, among other ingredients, contains cocoa.
In the vast majority of cases, chocolate is composed of cocoa powder, cocoa butter, sugar, milk, and other additional ingredients (i.e., almonds) or flavorings (i.e, vanilla).
Many articles on this topic inaccurately mention the health benefits of chocolate. In reality, the focus should be on cocoa.
Cocoa contains a variety of flavonoids — a type of antioxidant — that have been found to have a protective effect on blood pressure and cardiovascular health.
To get the most out of cocoa, buy pure unsweetened cocoa powder and include it in a recipe (such as this no-bake brownie bites recipe I posted back in February).
Flavonoids are negatively affected by processing, which is why you get negligible amounts in popular milk chocolate products like M&Ms or Kit Kat bars.
That said, some chocolate bars contain higher flavonoid levels than others. Here are some guidelines to help you find them:
- Look for "cocoa powder" on the ingredient list. If you see "alkali-treated" or "Dutch processed" varieties of cocoa powder listed, you are looking at major flavonoid loss
- Look for chocolate bars that are comprised of at least 75% cocoa
- Ideally, look for chocolate bars that are milk-free (such as Endangered Species) or contain negligible amounts (such as Dagoba), since certain components in milk appear to limit the absorption of antioxidants from cacao.
If you seek out cocoa flavonoids in chocolate bars rather than cocoa powder, be sure to keep an eye on calories.
And, also, as wonderful as the flavonoids in cocoa are, there are plenty of other foods (fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, and seeds) that offer various other varieties that are just as beneficial.
Remember, health is determined by the totality of your diet, not the inclusion of any one food.


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Heart & Vascular Care
Heart & Vascular Care
Cardiovascular disease — which includes several heart and blood vessel conditions — is the No. 1 killer in the United States. If you or a loved one is living with heart and vascular disease or has a high risk of developing it, we can help.
The Norma Melchor Heart & Vascular Institute at El Camino Hospital is home to a team of heart and vascular specialists that's committed to providing you with the highest level of patient care. Our heart care experts work together to deliver comprehensive care — from community education and prevention to diagnosis and treatment. Whenever possible, we use the least invasive treatments to promote healing, limit complications and lower risk.
Our cardiovascular expertise and dedication to our patients has earned us awards, accolades and professional accreditations, but our greatest accomplishment is helping people achieve optimal health.
Comprehensive Heart Care, Locally
The Institute provides the kind of care you expect to find at a large medical center, with the added comfort and convenience of your neighborhood hospital. We offer:
- Advanced, minimally invasive treatments to clear blocked blood vessels and restore blood flow.
- Sophisticated diagnostic technology in our advanced echocardiography lab, offering the latest tools for diagnosing disease and planning treatment.
- Heart attack care expertise, earning us specialty designation as a STEMI Receiving Center.
- Specialized care for heart rhythm disorders in our electrophysiology lab, including minimally invasive ablation therapy and the latest implantable devices to treat arrhythmias.
- A nationally certified heart and lung rehabilitation program — the first in the region — offering comprehensive recovery services.
- Community education and outreach programs, screenings and special services — such as our South Asian Heart Center — to help people at high risk for heart disease and diabetes.
- Access to some of the latest therapies through clinical trials.
Talk to Someone
Inquire about services or get a physician referral. Our call-back and chat services are available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
Call Us for a Referral
Made Possible by the Melchors
Read About Our Clinical Outcomes for Heart and Vascular Care
Tools & Resources
Take our health risk assessment to learn more about your heart health or read our Healthy Tips - For Your Heart.