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About DGPS - a TutorialDr. Thomas A. Clark, W3IWI
Reprinted from Packet Status Register Summer 1997 - Issue #67
There were a number of questions asked about DGPS both on APRS-SIG and at Dayton. Let me try to answer most of them at once.
First, some comments on Selective Availability and DGPS. The main function of the GPS satellites is to serve as a clock, and the satellite derives all its signals from an onboard 10.23 MHz atomic frequency standard (Cesium, with Rubidium backup). The main GPS signals that you, as a user are concerned with are on the L1 L-band carrier at 1575.42 MHz (=154* 10.23). Each satellite transmits a spread-spectrum signal with a unique pseudo-random code (the PRN number you see for each satellite) 1023 bits long, sent at a rate of 1.023 megabits/second. Therefore each code bit represents a time mark every ~1 usec corresponding to a distance ~300 meters. The sequence repeats once per millisecond, corresponding to a distance of 300 km and is called the C/A (Coarse Acquisition) code.
Every 20th cycle (= 1/50th second) the C/A code may change phase and is used to encode a 50 bits/sec data message as well as serving as a 6000 km range marker (note that 6000 km is approximately one earth radius). The 50 bps data is used to encode a 1500 bit long message which contains (among other things):
- The current GPS date/time and the GPS-UTC correction
- High accuracy ephemeris information to locate the satellite
- Information on the current offset and rate errors for the atomic clock
- Low-accuracy "almanac" data on all the other GPS satellites
- A crude estimate, based on solar flux, of ionospheric delay corrections
Your receiver then applies all the geometric corrections (from the GPS ephemeris message) to account for the satellite's position and apparent velocity (including both the satellite's motion and the earth's rotation on its axis). By using the PRs and the geometric data from at least 4 satellites, we can determine our 3-D (Lat/Lon/Hgt) and the time error in our receiver's clock. Similarly 4 PRRs and the satellite clock time-base error data (again taken from the message data) can be used to find our 3-D vector velocity and the frequency error in our receiver's local oscillator. Because the geometry is not perfect, the uncertainty in determination of position and speed is poorer than the individual measurements. Your receiver produces parameters called PDOP (Position Dilution of Precision), HDOP (H=horizontal) and VDOP (V=vertical) as a measure of how the observing geometry is spoiling your measurements; a PDOP=2 means that the position is a factor ~2 worse than the accuracy of the individual PRs.
The measurements are never perfect for other reasons. The receiver has an intrinsic noise level, there are errors in the ephemeris data, the signal from the satellites is delayed as it passes through the earth's ionosphere and troposphere, etcetera. And the U.S. Dept. of Defense (DoD) has invoked the nasty effect called Selective Availability (SA).
The major SA effect comes from the fact that the satellites have a phase shifter (the electronic equivalent of a line stretcher) in the output of the 10.23 MHz atomic frequency standard, and the clock signal is dithered with a secret pseudo-random sequence. On long time scales, the SA dither averages to zero; we have experimentally measures SA's power spectrum and find that it is band-limited in the range from a few seconds to ~1/2 hour. The DoD "guarantees" that the rate of change of the SA modulation will be slower than ~1 mile/hour so that the speed you derive from the PRRs isn't too badly affected. And we have found that the SA modulation has no coherence between the different satellites in view.
The "secret" DoD user has special hardware that produces the clock corrections corresponding to the SA modulation. The "secret" user applies these to the observed PRs and PRRs before munching on the data to produce positions and Voila! the nasty effects of SA are removed. The small "secret" user still loses quality because of the other errors mentioned -- especially inaccuracies in the broadcast ephemeris and propagation errors imposed by the troposphere and the ionosphere.
Here is where the smart civilian users can defeat the DoD and make SA irrelevant. Set up a high quality GPS receiver at a fixed location. Fix its position to an accurately surveyed value. Observe all the satellites that other users in the area will be using but don't solve for position -- instead, you derive all the PR and PRR differences from that for your perfectly determined positions and transmit these errors by radio. This process has been dubbed Differential GPS (DGPS).
Note that the PR and PRR errors that the DGPS base station transmits have all the SA corrections (the same ones the "secret" user would have derived) plus the ad hoc corrections that account for errors in the GPS message ephemeris and those due to the earth's atmosphere.
The corrections are "valid" for ~50 miles around the base station corresponding to the region where the atmospheric and geometric corrections are (nearly) identical. With high-quality DGPS signals from a base station 10-20 miles away, feeding a good user GPS receiver every few seconds, performance as good as ~1 meter can be achieved (as contrasted to ~10-20 meters if the DoD turned off SA). The DGPS performance is BETTER than can be achieved by GPS alone!
Keith, KF4BXT asked:
- Would you, or someone, be willing to explain the "mechanics" of using
what you described. Try not to get too technical please. Specifically,
how are the corrections transmitted, received and applied to my combo GPS/TNC/Computer/APRS/Radio
conflag ... er I mean configuration? :-)
Elsewhere in the U.S., DGPS bits are available "free" on -300 kHz supplied by the US Coast Guard. Click the DGPS button on their web site at http://www.navcen.uscg.mil/ for more details; their web site included coverage maps to answer Roger, KB9LBU's question about northern Illinois.
There are two commercial suppliers of DGPS signals DCI (Digital Corrections Inc.) and AcquPoint. DCI's president is an amateur and he monitors APRS-SIG and may want to inject some additional comments). They both deliver their bits on subcarriers on local FM radio stations
(DCI = RDS format, AcquPoint = pager format) and are available almost anywhere in the USA (and DCI has partners in many foreign countries). You buy their special receiver and then you subscribe to the DGPS bits. DCI can be found on the web at http://www.dgps.com/ with North American coverage data available at http://www.dgps.com/north.html. I can't seem to locate AcquPoint's presence on the web.
Regarding the ~300 kHz DGPS receivers: The signals are 50/100/200 bps MSK signals. Some amateurs have tried to hack a homebrew receiver, but I don't know of any successes. Two companies that I know of are selling small, board-level "OEM" DGPS receivers:
- Pacific Crest
- CSI (see http://www.csi-dgps.com/sbx2.htm)
Regarding amateur efforts: The Motorola ONCORE receiver now being offered by TAPR can generate DGPS signals and costs (for members) $269. The ONCORE's DGPS corrections are in a Motorola proprietary format (not the standard RTCM SC-104 FORMAT !!) but the format is well documented and contains all the important information included in the RTCM SC-104 spec. There has been some discussion of using either an antique PC or a small microprocessor (e.g., PIC, 68HC11) with two serial ports to reformat the data into RTCM format. Folks have suggested (and I don't want to get into the "Is it legal?" jailhouse lawyer game) that a group might purchase one ~300 kHz Coast Guard DGPS receiver and retransmit the bits on amateur channels. [Or maybe DCI could have their arm twisted to be cooperative.] Otherwise, if you have access to a high quality commercial DGPS base station receiver like I did, it only requires plugging a TNC/radio into the receiver's RS-232 port.
Hope this helps.


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Banff National Park, Canada
In the fall of 1883, three Canadian Pacific Railway construction workers stumbled across a cave containing hot springs on the eastern slopes of Alberta's Rocky Mountains. This is how Banff National Park was born, Canada's first national park and the world's third. The park was established in 1885 as a small, protected reserve, which was later expanded to include Lake Louise and other areas extending north to the Columbia Icefield. In 1887, the park was expanded to 674 square kilometres and it was named the Rocky Mountains Park. The Canadian Pacific Railway built the Banff Springs Hotel and Chateau Lake Louise to attract tourists and increase the number of rail passengers. In 1902, the park was expanded to cover 11,400 square kilometres. Bowing to pressure from grazing and logging interests, the size of the park was reduced in 1911 to 4,663 square kilometres, eliminating many foothill areas from the park. Park boundaries changed several more times up until 1949, from which point it has remained at 6,641 square kilometres.
Banff National Park is managed by Parks Canada. Over time, park management policies have increasingly emphasized environmental protection over development. On a provincial level, the park area and the included communities (other than the Town of Banff which is an incorporated municipality) are administered by Alberta Municipal Affairs.
In 1984, Banff was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, together with the other national and provincial parks that form the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks, for the mountain landscapes containing mountain peaks, glaciers, lakes, waterfalls, canyons and limestone caves as well as fossils that can be found there.
View images of the park
Size and location
The park, located 110–180 kilometres west of Calgary in the province of Alberta, encompasses 6,641 square kilometres. The Icefields Parkway extends from Lake Louise, connecting to Jasper National Park in the north. Provincial forests and Yoho National Park are neighbours to the west, while Kootenay National Park is located to the south and Kananaskis Country to the southeast.
Flora and fauna
Banff National Park spans three ecoregions, including montane, subalpine, and alpine. The subalpine ecoregion, which consists mainly of dense forest, comprises 53% of Banff's area; 27% of the park is located above the tree line, in the alpine ecoregion. The tree line in Banff lies approximately at 2,300 meters with open meadows at alpine regions and some areas covered by glaciers. A small portion (3%) of the park, located at lower elevations, is in the montane ecoregion. Lodgepole pine forests dominate the montane region of Banff, with Englemann spruce, willow, aspen, occasional Douglas-fir and a few Douglas maple interspersed. Englemann spruce are more common in the subalpine regions of Banff, with some areas of lodgepole pine, and subalpine fir. The lower, montane areas, which tend to be the preferred habitat for wildlife, have been subjected to significant human development over the years.
Fifty six mammal species have been recorded in the park. Grizzly and black bears inhabit the forested regions. Cougar, lynx, wolverine, weasel, northern river otter and wolves are the primary predatory mammals. Elk, mule deer, and white-tailed deer are common in the valleys of the park, including around (and sometimes in) the Banff townsite, while moose tend to be more elusive, sticking primarily to wetland areas and near streams. In the alpine regions, mountain goats, bighorn sheep, marmots and pika are widespread. Other mammals such as beavers, porcupines, squirrels, chipmunks, and Columbian ground squirrels are the more commonly observed smaller mammals. In 2005, a total of five caribou were counted, making this species one of the rarest mammals found in the park.
Due to the harsh winters, the park has few reptiles and amphibians with only one species of toad, three species of frog, one salamander species and two species of snakes that have been identified. At least 280 species of birds can be found in Banff including bald and golden eagles, red-tailed hawk, osprey, falcon and merlin, all of which are predatory species. Additionally, commonly seen species such as the gray jay, American three-toed woodpecker, mountain bluebird, Clark's nutcracker, mountain chickadee and pipit are frequently found in the lower elevations. The white-tailed ptarmigan is a ground bird that is often seen in the alpine zones. Rivers and lakes are frequented by over a hundred different species including loons, herons and mallards who spend their summers in the park.
Endangered species in Banff include the Banff Springs snail (Physella johnsoni) which is found in the hot springs of Banff. Woodland caribou, found in Banff, are also listed as a threatened species, as are grizzly bears.
Tourism and development
Since the 1960s, park accommodation has been open all year, with annual tourism visits to Banff increasing to over 5 million in the 1990s. Millions more pass through the park on the Trans-Canada Highway.The Trans-Canada Highway, passing through Banff, has been problematic, posing hazards for wildlife due to vehicle traffic and as an impediment to wildlife migration. Grizzly bears are among the species impacted by the highway, which together with other developments in Banff, has caused fragmentation of the landscape. Wildlife crossings, including a series of underpasses, and two wildlife overpasses, have been constructed at a number of points along the highway to help alleviate this problem.
Invasive species
Since the 19th century, humans have impacted Banff's environment through introduction of non-native species, controls on other species, and development in the Bow Valley, amongst other activities. Bison once lived in the valleys of Banff, but were hunted by indigenous people and the last bison was killed in 1858. Elk are not indigenous to Banff, and were introduced in 1917 with 57 elk brought in from Yellowstone National Park. Other species that have been displaced from the Bow Valley include grizzly bears, cougars, lynx, wolverines, otter, and moose.
Beginning in 1985, gray wolves were recolonizing areas in the Bow Valley. However, the wolf population has struggled, with 32 wolf deaths along the Trans-Canada Highway between 1987 and 2000, leaving only 31 wolves in the area. The population of bull trout and other native species of fish in Banff's lakes has also dwindled, with the introduction of non-native species including brook trout, and rainbow trout. Lake trout, Westslope cutthroat trout, and Chiselmouth are also rare native species, while Chinook salmon, white sturgeon, Pacific lamprey, and Banff longnose dace are likely to locally extinct. The Banff longnose dace, once only found in Banff, is now an extinct. Mountain pine beetles have caused a number of large-scale infestations in Banff National Park, feeding off of the phloem of mature lodgepole pines.
Fire management
Since the early 1980s, Parks Canada has adopted a strategy that employed prescribed burns, which helps to mimic effects of natural fires, minimising ecological disturbance whilst aiming to reduce the fire threat to people and nature.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Techwin C-band polarization maintaining fiber amplifiers adopt integrated all fiber structure design. The unique polarization control technology and advanced polarization maintaining fiber welding technology ensure that the amplifiers can obtain high power and high extinction ratio linear polarization output.
Techwin polarization maintaining optical fiber amplifiers are integral Turn-Key system with the microprocessor inside for controlling. With a clear interface and easy control, the LCD on the front panel can give a real-time display of the operating state of the pump current and temperature. The LCD can also offer warning messages.


text:
From: Dan Oh ([email protected])
Date: Tue Sep 12 2000 - 12:01:46 PDT
Yes, it will allow completely arbitrary descriptions of
all of rlgc parameters but it won't enforce the
causality relationship (this is why I mentioned that
"assuming you have correct models").
You can use for DC, AC, and transient.
Kyung Suk (Dan) Oh, Ph.D (B) (650) 944-7740
Sr. Signal Integrity Engineer (F) (650) 944-8080
Rambus Inc. [email protected]
2465 Latham http://www.rambus.com
Mountain View, CA 94040
"Daniel, Erik S." wrote:
> Dan-
> > I am a former developer for W element in Hspice (just left
> > Avant! a few weeks ago).
> > I would like to introduce the new feature of W element which
> > allows you to model any kinds of frequency-dependent behaviors.
> > Starting from 2000.4 (beta version is already available now),
> > W element will support a tabular model to describe rlgc parameters.
> > By using this feature, some of problems originated from the
> > analytic expression used in rlgc model can be completely removed
> > (of course, assuming you have correct models of transmission lines).
> Does this new feature allow completely arbitrary specification of R,L,C,
> and G, or does it enforce causality relationships? Can it be used in
> transient simulations as well as AC?
> - Erik
> ==================================================================
> Erik Daniel, Ph.D. Mayo Foundation
> Voice: (507) 284-1634 Guggenheim 1011B
> Fax: (507) 284-9171 200 First Street SW
> E-mail: [email protected] Rochester, MN 55905
> ==================================================================
> > And this beta version Hspice should be the most stable version in
> > terms of W element. There are also couple of minor improvements also.
> > Have a fun!
> >
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text:
Are you ready to accept a theory that could be as revolutionary to the fitness industry as the world-is-round theory was to people some 500 years ago? Health experts and people in the fitness industry often associate being overweight with a lack of exercise and bad nutrition. But what if science proved that people are fat because of their biology?
For some time, researchers have theorized that genetics may play a part in determining a person's weight, and some studies had even implicated a few genes as possible culprits. However, in April, British researchers published a report in the journal Science in which they said there is clear evidence that the presence of the gene FTO increased a person's risk of being obese. People with two copies of the gene had a 70 percent higher risk of being obese than people without the gene.
Then in July, researchers at Harvard Medical School and INSERM, a French research institute, found a gene called PRDM16 in brown fat but not in white fat. Brown fat is typically found in babies and keeps them warm by dissipating food energy as heat. By adulthood, brown fat disappears from the human body, and the food that adults eat typically turns into white fat. When researchers injected the PRDM16 gene into mice, it helped turn the cells into brown fat cells. The researchers suggest that injection of PRDM16 in adult humans might help people regain brown fat, which would burn calories rather than store them as white fat.
In August, a study from researchers at Cambridge University in England showed that when the hormone leptin was injected into people who had a rare genetic disorder in which they lacked the hormone, they ate less. However, injection of the hormone in people with normal leptin levels did not help them eat less. The researchers used imaging technology to track brain activity while the subjects viewed pictures of food to locate areas that are activated when a person desires food. People with a lack of leptin showed activity in those areas even if they had just eaten. The researchers say that the study helps show that biology — rather than greed — drives the desire for food and subsequent overeating and obesity.
Another study released in August showed that a common virus, adenovirus-36, can cause human adult stem cells to turn into fat cells. Obese people were three times more likely to have the virus in their system than thin people.
Then in September, researchers at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas reported that the gene adp, or adipose, could make mice heavier or thinner depending on how the gene was tweaked. The researchers say tweaking this gene could also work in humans.
More studies are ongoing, which means that the evidence could grow to negate the belief that obesity is simply caused by lack of exercise and a bad diet. How will that affect people's often prejudiced views of obese people? Will the studies give people an excuse not to exercise and instead just wait for a pill? Will scientists soon be able to tweak people's genes so they are thin? What does this mean for fitness facilities?
My hope is that if science proves biology's effect on a person's weight, then the outcome will be good for the fitness industry. Perhaps then obesity will be seen as a genetic condition, leading insurance companies to pay for treatments and preventive measures, including health club memberships. Regardless, fitness professionals must keep up with studies like these because they may change the way we view and work with obese people in the future.


text: Berkeley Institute Our School is participating in the End-to-End on May 6, 2017 to raise money for Bermuda charities including the Adult Education School, Age Concern, Greenrock, and Raleigh. In addition, a "people's choice" recipient (choosing between Bermuda Society for the Blind, Bermuda Underwater Exploration Institute, Duke of Edinburgh's Award, and YouthNet) will receive an End-to-End grant. We hope you will support us by pledging or joining in!


text:
Introduction to Schred
Published on
This learning module introduces nanoHUB users to the Schred simulator. A brief introduction to Schred is presented, followed by voiced presentations featuring the simulator in action. Upon completion of this module, users should be able to use this simulator to gain valuable insight into the electronic and physical properties of cutting edge devices.
This series is a set of materials formerly known as a "Learning Module." The presentations are meant to be viewed in sequence to get a full understanding of the topic. Please click on the following links in order to access each of the presentations in sequence.
- Introduction
- Example 1: Gate Capacitance Degeneration
- Example 2: Shift of Threshold Voltage
- Example 3: Triangle Well Approximation
- Example 4: Double Gate MOSC
Cite this work
Researchers should cite this work as follows:


text:
Hope you will all get to spend Christmas in a family atmosphere and that 2011 will bring everything that you wish for. Merry Christmas Everyone!
Jingle Bells
Snowboard season is officially open in Poland! :D
My new website is finally online! :D
I am privelaged to join an international team of Reptile Masts!
Hope you all had a great New Year's Eve. I wish you a Happy New Year filled with new plans, new beginnings and new successes. All the best in 2011! :)
I will be able to immortilize all the action in 2011 using the latest gadgets from GoPro! :D
Nothing better then having inspiring sponsors! Ken Block - promotes his DC brand in a very fashionable way! As I just got DC as my sponsor I didn't want to stay behind, and decided to catch up on...
I wrote a few words on my trips to Australia... OK, maybe it was more then few words hehe ;)
As we surf the Oceans we might as well do something to protect them. Help is just a click away!
S-mag was designed by very good friends of mine with whom I was snowboarding for years. It is Poland's First Snowboarding Online Magazine! Check it out!
After hearing sooooo many stories about Esperance I finally got to check it out for myself! HELL YEAH!!!!!!!!!
I am happy to announce that I have just joined SPY Optic Team Poland! SPY will equip me in the highest quality sunglasses, snow and motocross goggles! I'm stoked! :D
After long few months in the cold, I am finally off to Australia!
You need to design a logo, T-shirt, poster, flyer or an on-line ad? Just e-mail me: email@example.com :)
I have joined KA Sails International Team! STOKED! :D
I'm off to Gran Canaria this Saturday! All the gear arrived!
Scored some good wind and waves @ Gearies today!
No wind here so made different kind of training before Pozo! :)
It's windy very rarely here in OZ this season, but at least when it is, it's going off!
Just arrived in Warsaw few days ago, and was already "forced" by my friends to do a trip to the Polish seaside (Hel Peninsula) for the weekend, strait of the plane!
Polish SURFMAG #2
1st place in the first British Wavesailing Tour event of the year! Woooohhoooo!!!
Traditionally with a bit of drama on the way..
Epic conditions in Pozo this year! Sometimes too epic for my 75l and 3.3 haha!!
Check out interview with me and few of my fellow windsurfers in new Motion Magazin! :)
Haha.. was quite a bit of fun to pimp my ancient car with some red neck graphics!! ;) I finally put together a video showing how it all happened. Check it out!
Wooohooo! Scored another MotoX session!! It was 3rd time in my life on a MotoX bike, but I think I am getting a hang of it :D Check out few photos and a video.
It was one legendary event! Check out some pics and a video:)
It was a really well organised event! Too bad nothing could be done about the seaweed! ;)
Windless again!
Wasn't such an easy job! First of all it was 7*C and even though this event we had less girls (mostly due to late notice and freezing cold), this time Dominika Grodzicka showed up. She's been to...
Ah yeah, finally some nice and relaxed time in Pozo. It was after the comps, a lot of friends arrived and even though there wasn't much swell it was nice, windy two weeks of training here in Gran...
It's nice to be back in OZ and have summer to look forward to!
Here is a little article on me.. well maybe "little" is not the word haha..
And my BIGGEST WIPE OUT ever!
I am still working on mastering it with my Sensei, but it is looking quite good already! ;)
Wooooohoooo! Won a Green Head! :))
1 day before Lancelin Wave Classic.. typical!
BWA stop in Wales was a windless but action filled first event of the year!
I, Ben Newson , Jesper Orthand Colin Leanhardt did a little trip to Wedge Island to give the 2013 KA prototypes a go.
After ups and downs in Ireland - where I came 2nd in the end I got to keep the yellow rashie and remain the British Wavesailing Tour leader!! It's been emotional! ;D
I'm super stoked!!!
First backloops shots I ever got thatnks to Colin Leonhardt!
I missed out on the opportunity to sign up for the battle to participate in one of the greatest storm quests out there because of a severe foot injury.. I didn't let my broken foot stop me...
Me in a dream job - 10h non stop talking about windsurfing ;D Shame it was of the wheel chair! ;) Fun experience to commentate PWA Tenerife World Cup Live on the beach! Thanks to everyone for kind...
8 weeks after I broke my foot, 6 weeks after the surgery - if everything goes well, I will be wire-free tomorrow and soon I will be able to make my first step!!!!
Check out ladies special from Boardseeker.com with Nayra Alonso and myself on the mic:) Enjoy!
I broke my foot in the worse possible way!! Some doctors say I might never walk normally again yet alone sail!!
MY LIFELONG DREAM CAME TRUE! I've just came back from my first ever trip to Maui, Hawaii!
Wooooooohooooo!!! :D MASSIVE congratulations to Przemek Miarczynski and Zosia Noceti-Klepacka for winning 2 bronze medals in style!!!
Big THANK YOU to Dr PIOTR PIEKARCZYK for saving my foot!
Stepped on the board first time in over 4 months - just 3 weeks after I started limping around without crutches! Sign in and managed to defend my BWA title! Unbelievable and emotional event for me!
I made it down to the beach on crutches for the final - but I made it! 2nd and 3rd in Cornwall! Stoked!
Check out Red Bull Storm Chase website featuring me in the story of my late entry to this unique competition :)
After few horrible months last summer (when I was stuck on the wheelchair watching everyone sailing) I am finally up on my feet and back to the windsurfing paradise! I can only sail about an hour a...
Check out the first part of 2013 Proffitt's POZO Training Diaries! I'm slowly getting used to nuclear winds again and I made the cut with my backloops! ;D
Check out next 2 parts of the Pozo Training Diaries for some wipe-outs, massive bail outs, more sick jumping and as always a bit of a laugh ;)
We knew the 25th anniversary of the PWA Pozo Wave event will be special. We just didn't assume it will be special due to first time no wind for the whole week.. But we still had a bit of fun -...
Big Thanks to GoPRO for the new camera!
Hello new year! Not the worse start! 2 months ago I couldn't walk and now I just finished 2nd in my first ever ocean race - Lancelin Ocean Classic 2013- on a Freestyle board and first time...
Here is a little update by Ben from our training in Australia in january! It's quite long but worth a watch as it includes some serious stunts as well as blood, sweat and tears! :D Enjoy the...
I am stoked to announce that I am joining the International MYSTIC Boarding Team this year!:)
I'm really excited about joining Simmer Team! It is a great bunch of people who know how to have a good laugh while pushing the performance on the water as well!
Here is a little double interview me and Ben did for www.wwwindsurfing.com. We only got to see each other's answers when it was published:)
I dominated the "Wipe Out of the Year" category taking both winning and runner up positions haha! I also came 2nd in the "Biggest Wave of the Year" which is amazing. I entered in the "Short video...
Already on 17th of May we have the first event on the British Wavesailing tour (BWA). This year they are predicting from 20-30 woman competitors! That's more then in PWA or AWT!
Well.. as much as it is terrible that Ben busted his shoulder - it made funny diaries update! Tune in for a good laugh!:) Featuring Ben's new arms and some on my backloops.
I've just been featured as "THE MOST PROMINENT REPRESENTATIVE OF THE POLISH WAVE SCENE" in the SURF INFORMATOR 2013! :D
It was the first competition of the season. We had starboard tack and light winds - which are my nightmare conditions, so I am SUPER stoked to come 2nd! :)
I made it back to Gran Canaria! It feels a bit wierd as I left POZO last year in an Ambulance..
I sailed average this time, but I managed to come back to 9th just 6 months after starting to walk again, so it's not all bad:) Talking about bad luck - it didn't go according to plan!...
I just received the new Simmer Sails, stickered them all up, eat quite a lot of carbs and am ready to strat the competition tomorrow!;)
We have received very very sad news yesterday.. Sadly Andre Paskowski has lost his fight against cancer.
The biggest storm since 26 years hits UK.. on the day of the competition! It was going off! This was deffinitely most action-packed BWA event this year! DTL at Gwithian on day one and maaaaasive...
It was Tiree where I stood on the board for the first time since my operation last year.. I stil couldn't jump last year so only managed to come 3rd. It was great to come back this year and...
I am super happy to win the BWA Overall Wave Champion trophy this year!
Unfortunitely I will need the double (screw) elimination as they got stuck so much that only 4 got removed this time!
Check out Ben's latest training diaries from Western Australia. Few of my moves made the cut as well woogooo!
As always it didn't go smooth and I had some obsticles to overcome.. Not only being 2 weeks after major foot surgery.. Somehow I managed to break a RIB just before the race.. and a harness...
Starring myself and... SYLVESTER STALLONE! ;) Check it out...
I'm metal free finally!
The true story behind my foot injury ;) ..and the new revolutionary way for you TO LAND ALL YOUR MOVES! Check it out..
Big thank you goes to Colin from WindsurfAustralia who took the time to drive up and take some photos from the water of me and Ben. Check out the action shots from 2 spots: Corronation and Sunsets...
Check out the video of one of the moves I started landing recently - one-handed backie!
It's my best result to date!! I am still gutted there was no double elimination, as I didn't get the easiest of seeds for the single, and I did fancy improving my result in the double:)...
Two weeks round trip from OZ to UK to compete on the BWA tour once again?! Why not? ;) It was hectic, but well worth it. Read on for the details of both tour stops: Wales and Ireland.
Wow, what an awesome event it was! Check out some pictures and videos!
That's it! PWA Indoor Windsurfing is back and it is coming to my home town - Warsaw!! ..and I will be competing! Super excited!
What an amazing event!! And all this practically on my door step!
Super stoked to win 6/8 rounds and come second in 2/8. We had more heats there then on the PWA this whole summer!
We have been competing in waves in Poland since 2003, but this year the Wave Titiles become OFFICIAL for the first time in history as waveriding has been recognised as an official discipline by the...
I just managed to win the last BWA event of the year in Cornwall! I was 2nd there for 2 years and was starting to think this place just doesn't like me! haha.. This time I finally came 1st,...
Wooohooo! I just won the BWA Overall Title for the 2nd year in the row!
We scored great 3 weeks up north! :)


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After Butch Jones took over for the dismissed Derek Dooley as Tennessee's head football coach, running backs coach Jay Graham was the lone holdover from Dooley's staff to be retained by Jones.
Two months later? The number of retained assistants is now down to zero.
First reported by Warchant.com, Florida State has hired Graham away from UT as an offensive assistant. Graham's specific duties on Jimbo Fisher's coaching staff are unclear, with the website writing that Graham's title "may not be determined until FSU fills its final coaching vacancy."
Officially, Fisher has two openings on his offensive staff after losing coordinator James Coley and tight ends coach Billy Napier to Miami and Alabama, respectively.
Jones confirmed that Graham would be departing the UT football program for another job, although the destination was not revealed by the coach.
"Jay Graham has informed us of his decision to accept a position at another institution," Jones said in a statement released through his Twitter feed. "The process of adding a new coach to our staff is underway, and we will hire the best person possible as we continue to build our program."
Graham, who was a Vols running back in the mid-nineties and still holds a handful of school rushing records, spent just one season at his alma mater. He spent the two seasons prior to that as a running backs/tight ends coach at South Carolina. He's also served as a running backs coach during stops at UT-Martin, san Diego and UT-Chattanooga.


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Posted 8 years ago
(1 item)
I just purchased this adorable Vintage Snowing Santa Carolsel from a very fine Estate Sale this past weekend. I'm just wondering if anyone out there has ever seen one or have had one of these in the past. I'm trying to find out who may have made this - what company? The music box plays the song Rain Drops Are Falling On My Head. It was made in Japan. I'm thinking the 70's era.
As the carolsel spins around the snow falls out from a disk in the top, while playing music.
It's one of the cutest vintage novalites I've seen in along time. I love buying these wonderful items from our past Christmas's.
Thanks for looking and I hope to hear from someone who may have any info on this.
Have a wonderful day!


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Old Woman "Looney Cloris Leachman" Clowns Lil Kim' On National TV! "You Don't Look Like Yourself. You Look Like Me"
Looney Cloris Leachman clowns Lil' Kim on National TV
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