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Training to Failure, an Inside Look
- 2Shares
Way back in the early 1970s Arthur Jones popularized the notion of training to failure with his series of articles in Iron Man magazine. Training to the point of muscular failure, Jones explained, was the necessary stimulus for maximum muscular growth. Mike Mentzer, a former Mr. Universe and founder of "Heavy Duty" training, was absolutely adament about it, repeatedly stating that if the muscle isn't pushed to the point of momentary concentric failure then no growth will be stimulated. Five-time Mr. Universe Bill Pearl, on the other hand, holds the conviction that one should NOT train to the point of failure. To Pearl's thinking, training to failure is not only unnecessary, it's counterproductive. Top Powerlifters seldom train to failure. Olympic Lifters rarely ever take sets to the point of failure. (Note: By failure here I mean momentary concentric failure, i.e. the inability to complete another full repetition of the concentric phase of the lift – you could, however, continue to do static holds and negatives). Some people have even advocated doing negative-only sets to the point of momentary eccentric failure (the inability to complete another full repetition of the eccentric phase of the lift – you are unable to stop the bar from crashing down on you).
With all of these experts disagreeing with each other, and many of them having very impressive credentials, how can one know who or what to believe? That's what I'm going to attempt to calrify here. If you haven't read the Neuromuscular System series and the article entitled Muscular Fatigue During Weight Training on the 'Physiology Related Articles' page, then I suggest that now would be a good time to have a look at them. A great deal of the knowledge that you need to analyze many weight training approaches, including the practice of training to failure, is there. Let's have a look at those approaches with both neuromuscular physiology and experience in mind.
Training to Failure: Necessary or Not?
As already mentioned, some high intensity training advocates have stated, unequivocally, that if you don't train to momentary concentric muscular failure then you will not grow. That's a pretty bold statement. The logic goes like this:
Your body responds to demands that you place upon it. If you don't take your sets to failure, then the message your body gets is that it is already strong enough to perform the tasks being required of it (lifting that particular weight for the number of sets and reps that you performed). Similarly, in order for your body to respond by getting stronger and bigger, you must attempt the momentarily impossible and perform your reps until you are unable to lift the bar (or dumbbell or machine, etc) any further. This will send a clear signal to your body that it is presently insufficiently equipped to do the tasks that it is being presented with and your muscles will, therefore, adapt and grow/get stronger.
The logic seems bullet-proof. But you really don't have to look very far to dispell it. Top powerlifters, Olympic-style weightlifters and many bodybuilders rarely, if ever, train to momentary concentric muscular failure, yet I probably don't have to tell you that they haven't had a problem with realizing muscular growth and/or strength increases. I recall reading an interview with Powerlifting legend Ed Coan from about fifteen years ago in which he stated that he never went to failure on any of his sets. Bill Pearl says the same thing about his own training. "But they were on steroids", some of you will say. Well, of course they were. But most pre-steroid era bodybuilders didn't train to failure and they never had a problem with muscular growth either. "But they weren't that big," some more of you will say. That's precisely because they weren't on steroids. As most people can appreciate, the drug-created monsters that now call themselves bodybuilders have raised people's definition of 'heavily-muscled' to the point where any man less than 250 pounds with 4% bodyfat is small and fat. If you really think that men such as George Eiferman, Reg Park, John Grimek and Steve Reeves weren't that big, maybe you should see them standing next to 'normal' men, or in more normal circumstances than oiled up on a posing dias. Take a look. If that doesn't convince you, compare your own overhead lifts to what the Olympic lifters were doing years before the introduction of anabolic steroids. 180 pound weightlifters were routinely pressing well over 300 pounds overhead in the early 1950s! The level of strength that these men posessed was developed without steroids and without training to failure. The success of these people in building muscle, power and strength while not training to failure proves that such training is not necessary (at least for some) to realize muscular conditioning and growth.
Incidently, the pre-steroid era bodybuilders, statistically, carried just as much muscle as modern drug-free champions – sometimes even more – though they usually did not compete at such low body fat levels (see Your Muscular Potential: How to Predict your Maximum Muscular Bodyweight and Measurements). So if training to failure is now in vogue amongst drug-free bodybuilders, then the practice does not appear to be succeeding at building significantly bigger muscles than the pre-steroid era bodybuilders who rarely trained to failure.
But what works best for one person might not work best for all. Perhaps if Reg Park had routinely trained to concentric failure he would have been even bigger. Perhaps Jon Harris (the 2006 WNBF World Champion) wouldn't be nearly as big if he didn't train to failure. Perhaps it's the other way around. So the question is clearly not whether training to momentary concentric failure is absolutely necessary, but rather is it the most effective way for you to weight train.
Training To Failure: The Most Effective Way To Weight Train?
Physiologically, we need to consider what happens when a weight training movement is taken to failure. Muscles fail because they're firing patterns can no longer produce enough force to continue the activity. Taking a segment from the article The Neuromuscular System Part I: What A Weight Trainer Needs To Know About Muscle:
Muscle Fibers have two recruitment patterns. In the first pattern, units that innervate the same types of fibers are recruited at different times, so that some units are resting (recovering) while others are firing. Obviously, at high loads this pattern isn't possible because all available motor units will have to be fired at the same time to lift the load. In the second pattern, motor units that are more fatigue resistant are recruited before fibers that are more rapidly fatigued.
Since productive (not rehabilitative) weight training involves lifting weights that require the firing of the type I, IIA and type IIB fibers, failure will occur when the highest threshold fibers fatigue. When a heavy load is lifted, first the lower threshold fibers are recruited, then the higher threshold fibers are recuited in increasing numbers until the weight is lifted. If all available fibers are recruited yet the resistance not overcome, then force production can be increased by increased rate coding frequency (the fibers twitch faster to develop more force) up until the point of maximum rate coding, at which failure occurs. Since the highest threshold fibers have the poorest endurance characteristics, failure will occur when these fibers fatigue (because the weight could not be lifted without them). Even if the weight isn't initially heavy enough to recruit the highest threshold fibers, as the lower threshold fibers fatigue the higher threshold ones are gradually recruited to compensate for the fatiguing lower threshold fibers. It is the high threshold fibers that have the most potential for growth.
This simple examination of muscle fiber recruitment and fatigue patterns shows that by taking sets to failure you are exhausting more muscle fibers than if you stopped the set short of failure. This is strong support for the practice of training to the point of momentary concentric failure – assuming that fiber fatigue is indeed the stimulus for growth.
Muscle Fiber Considerations
So, what exactly is muscle fiber fatigue? The contributing factors to fiber fatigue were covered extensively in the Muscular Fatigue During Weight Training article and somewhat in the Neuromuscular System series on the 'Physiology Related Articles' page. Reviewing some information from those sources we have:
From the phosphagen system:
Declining intramuscular ATP is thought to be a major cause of fatigue during high intensity exercise.
Creatine phosphate (CP) concentrations quickly decrease within the first few seconds of exercise and eventually decreasing to 5-10% of the pre-exercise concentration within 30 seconds. When this happens there is insufficient CP levels to adequately support ATP replenishment.
As contraction continues, there is not adequate CP left to continue fueling the necessary ADP -> ATP conversion, leading to the depletion of ATP stores also. This contributes to fatigue of the fiber.
And during the anaerobic glycolysis mechanism:
Lactic acid build-up in the muscle cells make the interior of the muscle more acidic. This acidic environment interferes with the chemical processes that expose actin cross-bridging sites and permit cross-bridging. It also interferes with ATP formation. So, these factors, along with depleted energy stores, contribute to muscle fiber fatigue.
…during muscle contraction, calcium ions (Ca++) are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum by way of the T System and then returned to that organelle by way of the Ca-Pump.
Studies on isolated muscle fibers have, indeed, linked reduced sarcoplasmic Ca++ concentrations to fatigue. Specifically, repetitive 'tetanic' contractions of isolated muscles caused a gradual decline of force that was closely associated with a decline in sarcoplasmic Ca++ concentrations (Westerblad & Allen, 1991). After only 10-20 such contractions, sarcoplasmic calcium concentrations became insufficient for forceful contraction (Westerblad et al., 1991). The reason for this is simply because decreased Ca++ release for binding to troponin reduces the number of actin/myosin cross-bridges that can be formed.
Forceful contraction could be reestablished with extremely high doses of caffeine (which stimulates greater Ca++ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum), but this required caffeine doses at physiologically dangerous levels. This does show, however, that the problem appears not to be with the Ca++ concentrations in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, or their release channels, but probably as a consequence of impaired T-tubule signaling. During repeated contractions of a muscle fiber, K+ begins 'pooling' in the T-tubules. This results from an inability of the Na+/K+ ATPase Pump to maintain the proper Na+/K+ balance on the sarcolemma (at the T-tubules). This disturbance of the membrane potential in the T-tubules inhibits the conduction of the action potential to the sarcoplasmic reticulum and Ca++ is not optimally released – and, thus, forceful contraction is not achieved.
In addition, lactic acid build-up factors in here also. Increased intracellular H+ concentrations (caused by lactic acid accumulation) slows the uptake of Ca++ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This occurs because H+ interferes with the operation of the Ca++/ATPase Pump. This reduces muscle contraction force by interfering with intracellular and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca++ concentrations.
As ATP is broken down to provide energy for muscular contraction inorganic phosphate (Pi) accumulates in the cell. On the one hand this is 'good' because phosphate (Pi) is known to be an important stimulator of glycolysis (the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP) and glycogenolysis (the breakdown of glycogen to produce ATP) – thus stimulating the production of more ATP by these pathways. But the increased Pi levels also inhibit further cross-bridges from being formed between actin and myosin filaments. When ATP is used to fuel contraction Pi must be released from the myosin head. Elevated intracellular Pi concentrations impairs this process, resulting in reduced tension development – meaning that as Pi builds up, muscular force production goes down. This may be another contributing factor to muscle fatigue.
As explained in the Muscle Growth series, the stimulus for muscle growth is complex and multi-faceted. A major contributing factor, however, is believed to be myofibrillar damage done as a result of insufficient cycling of actin-myosin cross-bridges. When cross-bridges cannot be released and formed in a sufficiently timely manner and sequence, trauma is experienced at some of the cross-bridge sites which cannot release properly and are 'torn' under the tension being produced by the fiber. This is thought to be a major stimulus for the growth process. All of the above factors of fatigue result in cross-bridge cycling impairment and, therefore, result in growth stimulus via the same mechanism.
Training to failure results in more fiber fatigue and, therefore, more micro-trauma within the fiber than stopping sets short of failure. Logically, this could be extended to conclude that training to failure also results in a greater growth stimulus.
However, consider some research involving heavy eccentric contractions that has shown that negatives (eccentrics) produce more microtrauma to muscle fibers than concentrics or isometrics. This occurs because fewer total fibers are recruited during the eccentric portion of a lift than during the concentric phase. Fewer fibers doing the job mean more tension is developed in each fiber and, therefore, more damage is sustained by each individual fiber. Research has indicated that this does not necessarily translate into accelerated growth, however, as programs consisting of negative repetitions have failed to produce more muscle growth than other types of training programs. As was covered in the Muscle Growth series, muscle damage and muscle recovery and supercompensation, though intertwined, are different processes. High levels of microtrauma (as caused by strong eccentric contractions) are known to interfere with glycogen replenishment and other metabolic processes in muscle after training – this may blunt the growth process. Clearly, greater microtrauma does not necessarily equate to greater growth.
Before you decide to try to minimize the negative portions of your lifts, however, bear in mind that many other studies have indicated that the negative phase is, in fact, the most important phase of the lift for stimulating hypertrophy (growth). The lesson to be learned is that negative-accentuated training will stimulate growth (perhaps moreso than any other type of training) but the degradative processes may outweigh the growth processes and because of the level of damage they do, negative-emphasis reps may, very likely, impose a longer recovery period.
Finally, within the fibers themselves there is point at which maximum tension and work occurs. This is not at the failure point – where maximum rate coding occurs – but rather at the point of about 90% rate coding. Since weights above 80% of 1-rep maximum (1RM) recruit practically all available muscle fibers in most muscle groups, and strength decreases by roughly 3% per rep with weights above 80% of 1RM (for most individuals), then we can estimate that this point of maximum tension and work occurs at roughly the third rep away from failure. In other words, if you did a set of 8 reps to failure, maximum tension and work would occur somewhere around the fifth rep. The question then begs to be asked, are the extra 3 reps until failure necessary – particularly if maximum strength increase is the goal? Or is it sufficient to stop sets with one to three possible reps able to be performed? Alternatively, if one could perform a certain number of reps (to failure) with a certain weight, is it sufficient to use only 90% of that weight for the same number of reps? Because strength gains are largely a result of increased rate coding "efficiency", neuromuscular physiology hints that this may, in fact, be true. It is also in accordance with the majority of Olympic Weightlifting programs which traditionally avoid haphazard training to failure, and also recent research into strength training and periodization. Very few, if any, of the strongest drug-free Powerlifters and Weightlifters in history have advocated regular training to failure.
Other Factors Involved in the Growth Process
As was covered in the Muscle Growth series, the anabolic process relies on several major hormones and prostaglandins. Resistance training has been shown to have a profound effect on these substances. Several studies have indicated, rather conclusively, that one-set-to-failure training programs do not result in as great a training induced increase in anabolic hormones (testosterone, growth hormone and IGF-1) as do programs consisting of several sets of each exercise. Regular training to failure with multiple sets per exercise does appear, however, to increase resting cortisol levels, whereas training shy of failure appears to decrease it.
With this evidence it can be concluded that the optimal approach is certainly to perform several sets of each exercise. The remaining question is whether any, or all, of those sets should be taken to the point of failure.
In any case, many studies have shown that the growth process inside trained muscle is completed within 36-48 hours of even very intense, high volume bodybuilding style training. This means that if longer rest periods are necessary between body part training sessions, then it is most likely not the muscles that require the additional recovery time…
Peripheral Nervous System Considerations
It was covered in the Neuromuscular System series that contracting a muscle involves more than just what occurs in the muscle itself. The nervous system is intimately involved in the process. Taking another few lines from that series:
…as effort fractionally increases, so does the frequency of firing of each motor unit. A sudden increase in force requirement is met by the recruitment of more motor units.
So, extending this, as the muscle fibers fatigue, and you reach the point of failure, the nervous system will recruit all available motor units and fire them as frequently as is possible at that moment (maximum rate coding). It is a well-established fact, though, that as a maximum muscular contraction continues, the frequency of motor units firing decreases. In fact, one study showed that by the end of a 30 second maximum voluntary contraction the firing frequency decreased by 80%. Eventually the frequency of twitching of the high threshold fibers becomes insufficient to sustain the effort.
We know that each neuron must release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) every time that it fires (or 'twitches') a motor unit. We also know that the neurons transmit impulses down the length of their axons by way of Sodium/Potassium transport and the Sodium/Potassium ATPase Pump. The signal is carried across the membrane of the muscle cell in the same manner. Inside the cell, calcium is released via the T system to facilitate contraction. (For my purposes I am including the T system as part of the peripheral nervous system.) The process relies heavily on optimum calcium levels and transport, and enzymes that are involved in the synthesis and breakdown of acetylcholine and numerous other substances. The frequency of motor unit firing decreases, therefore, as these substrates are inadequately cycled – yet as failure approaches we continue our maximal effort to lift the weight. The effect that such an effort has on the neuromuscular system must be considered.
During the 1960s Dr. John Ziegler (York weightlifting team physician and co-developer of the steroid Dianabol) designed a machine that he used to monitor overtraining by sending electric currents through muscle. The 'Isotron', as he called it (cheesy '60s name), would be used to induce a muscular contraction by supplying a small electrical impulse to the muscle being tested. It was found that an overtrained or recently trained muscle would require a higher current than a rested muscle for 'strong' contraction to be achieved. He used this to determine when a lifter was ready to train again. What does this tell us? It tells us that for a period after training a higher than normal activation threshold is needed to produce contraction.
Incidently, ~75 mA was the 'normal' current required to produce 'strong' contraction. Anything over ~100 mA was considered indicative of overtraining. You may also be wondering how accurate this is given the fact that type II fibers naturally have higher activation thresholds than type Is. Well, when it comes to external stimulation (such as the kind the Isotron applied) the type II fibers are actually easier to induce a contraction in than the type Is because of their closer proximity to the surface of the muscle.
Regardless of all this, and whether signal transmission at the neuron, sarcolemma or T-tubules is responsible for the effects, this clearly illustrates that the peripheral nervous system (PNS) requires its own recovery period after training. And logically, training to failure would impose greater stresses on the peripheral nervous system and extend its recovery period longer than training short of failure.
Central Nervous System Considerations
Our nervous system arguments up to now have focused on the peripheral nervous system. But, as any experienced coach can tell you, the central nervous system has a large bearing on the failure point and the overtraining phenomenon. Taking another segment from the Muscular Fatigue During Weight Training article:
In order for a muscle fiber to twitch the central nervous system (CNS) must send a nerve impulse to the controlling motor unit. The innervating nerve cannot maintain its capacity to transmit this signal, with optimum frequency, speed and power for extended periods of time. Eventually concentrations of substrates such as sodium, potassium, calcium, neurotransmitters, enzymes, etc. may decrease to the point where muscle contraction becomes markedly slower and weaker. If high discharge rates are continued the nerve cell will assume a state of inhibition to protect itself from further stimuli. The force of contraction, therefore, is directly related to the frequency, speed and power of the electrical 'signal' sent by the CNS.
This is reflected in the fact that a trainee's motivation and emotional state can profoundly affect the discharge characteristics of the central nervous system …though it is far from understood on a physiological basis. It is clear, however, that the central nervous system can play a pivotal role in the perception and reality of fatigue.
Furthermore, it must be considered that as the signalling of the PNS becomes impaired as muscular effort continues, increasing stress is imposed on the CNS in order to maintain the rate coding necessary to maintain sufficient muscle force production. As the PNS 'fatigues' the CNS burden increases, leading to accelerated CNS fatigue as well.
After training, during the recovery period of the muscles and PNS, intense muscular contraction imposes an increased burden on the CNS to overcome the impairment of muscle contraction caused by these insufficiently recuperated systems.
If these concepts seem vague, think of a lifter "psyching up" for a big lift, or remember some time when you thought that you couldn't possibly get another rep, but somehow managed to "dig deep" and force another one out. Both of those situations illustrate the manipulation of the central nervous system in order to allow the lifter to be stronger. Any experienced coach will tell you, however, that you shouldn't "psyche up" all the time or you'll "burn yourself out". The "old-timers" referred to this as using up too much "nervous energy". However you want to look at it, training too intensely, too often, will certainly lead to nervous system inhibition. When that happens you can forget about making good progress until you take enough of a break to allow for nervous system recovery.
NOTE: From extensive empirical evidence it can be concluded that training to failure with low reps and heavy weights is much more taxing on the central nervous system than training to failure with high reps and lighter weights. This is, most likely, due to the fact that heavy weights require the simultaneous recruitment and maximal rate coding of all available motor units (the muscle fiber and its innervating neuron). In addition, heavy loads tend to stress and deform connective tissues and joint capsules. Proprioceptors in the joint capsules relay information about joint positioning to the central nervous system. If the integrity of the joint is compromised, even slightly, the central nervous system will not allow the muscles acting on and around that joint to be recruited at full force. Maximal contractions in these muscle groups will not be "permitted" again until full joint recovery is achieved. Heavy, low-rep training therefore requires recovery periods for both the central nervous system (especially if training is taken to the failure point) and the joint structures. It has been shown that the muscles of the lower back may need up to one month of recovery time after maximum efforts before full force contractions can be achieved again. Keep this in mind when designing training programs.
Special Considerations For The Olympic Lifts (and closely related lifts)
As anyone who practices these lifts knows, they are extremely complex, high-skill movements. Muscular and neuromuscular fatigue quickly causes a deterioration of form on these complex lifts, so sets of the Weightlifting-style lifts should not be deliberately trained to failure. In fact, it is very rare for Olympic weightlifters to train the Olympic lifts to failure unless, of course, they miss a lift attempt. Also, because fatigue causes a deterioration of technique with these lifts, reps are kept low – typically 3 or less.
For someone who wishes to practice these lifts (or, more likely, their "power" versions) for strength development or athletic improvement, it still doesn't make sense to practice higher reps, as the very nature of these lifts require activation of the fastest of the fast twitch fibers. These fibers are, by nature, quickly fatigued. Don't forget that even the simpler "power" versions of these lifts (the Power Clean, Power Jerk, Power Snatch), or even High Pulls, still qualify as high-skill movements and, therefore, are susceptible to form deterioration with fatigue. Slightly higher reps than with the full Olympic lifts may be employed though – up to 5 reps – but they should not be trained to failure.
* Training to failure results in more muscle fiber microtrauma. This may result in a greater growth stimulus than stopping sets shy of failure. However, excessive microtrauma and degradation may partially offset the growth stimulus and blunt the anabolic response, not producing a net anabolic effect any greater than stopping sets short of failure.
* Several set protocols produce greater anabolic hormone release than single set protocols, but repeated failure efforts appear to increase levels of catabolic hormones such as cortisol. Repeated sets shy of the failure point appear to lower resting cortisol levels.
* Training to failure imposes greater stress on the peripheral nervous system and may lead to an extended period of inhibition and recovery as compared to stopping sets short of failure. This may have the side effect of further stressing the central nervous system.
* Training to failure, especially with heavy loads (roughly 85% of one-rep max and above), imposes greater stress on the central nervous system, connective tissues and joint capsules. This may lead to an extended period of central nervous system mediated inhibition.
Clearly, training to failure imposes a longer recovery period than an otherwise identical routine but with sets stopped short of failure. Therefore, if a person choses to train to failure then training must be done less frequently than if the person did not train to failure. The question to be answered is whether it is more productive, from a muscle growth perspective, to train to failure infrequently, or to train short of failure but more often. Herein lies the difference between the two approaches.
In my experience, how a trainee reacts to specific training protocols is strongly influenced by body type:
* Ectomorphs and small-boned endomorphs do not respond well to high intensity, infrequent training routines that involve regular training to failure. For them, the failure effort imposes an extended period of neuromuscular system inhibition and recovery. In addition, the muscle growth stimulus that they receive from such training is either insufficient to produce significant growth during the extended recovery period or it is offset by other factors such as excessive muscle damage and consequent degradation, and higher resting cortisol levels. (Prolonged excessive training to failure often causes adrenal insufficiency in these types of trainees.) Additionally, the less robust joint structures of small-boned individuals do not tolerate heavy loading as well as larger boned individuals. Small-boned trainees may gain strength, initially, with such training routines, but do not typically gain much muscle size. For these individuals, training to failure must be used sparingly, on higher rep sets only, or on sets of less stressful exercises (i.e. isolation exercises).
* Mesomorphs and large-boned endomorphs, on the other hand, often react well to heavy training to failure. For them, training to failure produces a sufficient growth stimulus to "carry" them through the recovery periods of both the nervous system and the connective tissues/joint capsules, and to overcome any increases in catabolic hormone levels. And for mesomorphs who possess above average nervous system recovery abilities and particularly robust joint structures, these recovery periods may not be signifcantly extended. For these people, training to failure regularly may be the optimal choice. It should be noted however, that such individuals are typically those considered to be very gifted for bodybuilding.
Clearly, the effects of training to failure and personal recovery patterns have to be considered and monitored when a training approach is adopted.


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LOS ANGELES (Reuters) - Colombian singer Carlos Vives and Argentine fusion group Illya Kuryaki & the Valderramas led the Latin Grammy Award nominations with five nods a piece, the Latin Recording Academy said on Wednesday.
Veteran singer Vives, 52, snared nominations in key categories of album of the year for "Corazón Profundo," while his song "Volví A Nacer" was nominated for record of the year and song of the year.
Illya Kuryaki & the Valderramas, a duo who take their name from the fictional television spy and former Colombian soccer player Carlos Valderrama, landed nominations at Latin music's top honors for best urban song and best alternative album.
The Latin Grammy Awards will be held on November 21 in Las Vegas and broadcast on U.S. Spanish-language network Univision.
Spanish singer-songwriter Alejandro Sanz and Caetano Veloso, a pioneer in Brazil's Tropicalia music genre, each garnered four nominations.
Sanz's album "La Música No Se Toca" was nominated for album of the year and best contemporary pop vocal album, while his song "Mi Marciana" was nominated for song of the year and record of the year.
Veloso, 71, who earned a Latin Grammy lifetime achievement award last year, earned record of the year and song of the year nominations for the song "Um Abraçaço."
Spanish singer and actor Miguel Bosé, 57, will be honored as the person of the year for lifetime achievement. His album "Papitwo" is also nominated for album of the year and best contemporary pop album.
U.S. singer Natalie Cole, who released her first Spanish-language album, "En Español," in 2013, also received nominations for album of the year and record of the year for her song "Bachata Rosa," a duet with Dominican crooner Juan Luis Guerra.
(Reporting by Eric Kelsey; Editing by Mary Milliken and Jeffrey Benkoe)

subset: commoncrawl


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The drive to change the Washington Redskins' name will take a significant step forward when D.C. Council member David Grosso introduces a resolution calling for the team to eliminate what he calls it "a derogatory, racist" moniker.
The "Redskins" name, which the franchise used while it was still based in Boston in the 1930s, has generated quite a bit of controversy recently. Behind star quarterback Robert Griffin III, the team's popularity has skyrocketed, and there has even been discussion of moving the squad from Landover, Md., to a stadium inside the District. But Mayor Vincent Gray would like the team to consider changing its name before any relocation discussion.
Grosso, an independent, says he has the support of at least two other council members for his non-binding resolution.
"It's been a long time that we've had this name associated with Washington," Grosso told the Washington Post, "and I think its time we take a stand and change it."
In his resolution, Grosso writes that the city's name has been dishonored by its association with the Redskins moniker:
"Because it is well known in America and in nations afar that American Indians have experienced utmost suffering and disrespect over the years," the resolution reads.
In place of Redskins, Grosso suggests the team be called the Redtails, which was the nickname for the Tuskeegee Airmen, the aviators who broke the color barrier for U.S. military pilots in World War II.


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The major impediment to meaningful advances in the understanding of this important pathogen has been the lack of tractable tissue culture or small animal models. Our laboratory has successfully developed a cell-based model that recapitulates the early steps of the viral lifecycle. We are currently engaged in investigation seeking to determine the means by which this virus establishes persistence at such a high level. We are also seeking to characterize the host response to viral replication at the mRNA and protein level, so that a more complete picture of viral pathogenesis and carcinogenesis can be drawn. Using our system, we are also investigating the activity of putative antiviral compounds, and are using chemical libraries to screen compounds that by regulating HCV replication can identify cellular proteins involved in the HCV lifecycle. We have also generated transgenic mouse models expressing HCV viral proteins in an effort to determine whether the virus itself contributes directly to the malignant transformation that so frequently complicates HCV liver disease. We are also investigating, using proteomic approaches, possible biomarkers for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with high risk conditions such as cirrhosis.
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by Carole Verona
"My doctors call me a medical miracle," said psychotherapist Mariah Fenton Gladis.
Mariah, 65, is a 32-year survivor of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), often referred to as Lou Gehrig's Disease. ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. As the disease progresses, the ability of the brain to initiate and control muscle movement is lost. Patients in the later stages of the disease may become totally paralyzed. According to the ALS Association's website, there is no cure or treatment today that halts or reverses ALS.
When Mariah was diagnosed with ALS in 1981, her doctor told her that she had a 10 percent chance of surviving more than six months to two years, which is the normal life expectancy of a person diagnosed with ALS. She describes her reaction to the news on the Pennsylvania Gestalt Center's website: "This was a terrible shock to me — me, the athlete who jogged every day, who watched my diet and took my vitamins. My husband Ron and I were not yet married. In fact, we had just gotten engaged. In the wake of the diagnosis, I told him that he didn't have to go through with it.
"I wasn't the woman he thought he was marrying, and quite frankly, I didn't know what was going to happen. Instead of heading for the hills, which he could have done quite justifiably, he planted himself in front of me, affirmed his love and assured me that he wasn't one to walk away from a commitment." They got married soon after and, she says, "Here I am … still battling and winning so far."
Ron was by her side during a recent telephone interview. He explained that the disease has affected Mariah's ability to speak clearly, so he would be there to translate for her.
Mariah, who has now been living with ALS for as long as she lived without it, said, "I try to live with ALS in the background. I'm feeling well. Fortunately I never felt sick. That's the positive part about ALS. It's not a painful disease. It's frustrating; it's an inefficient way to live." She stays healthy by adhering to a strict diet, taking a daily regimen of vitamins and supplements, going to the gym five times a week and seeing a chiropractor and a deep muscle massage therapist once a week.
Mariah, a resident of Malvern, founded the Pennsylvania Gestalt Center for Psychotherapy and Training in 1973. She defines Gestalt therapy as "a lively and holistic experiential approach to healing and personal growth that emphasizes the development of awareness —emotional, physical, intellectual and spiritual — and the capacity to make healthy contact with one's self, others and the environment."
In her counseling practice, she tries to get right to the heart of the matter. "I will create experiences for people that will precisely respond to what they need. I help them develop an active, loving, compassionate relationship with themselves that becomes the foundation of a fulfilled life," she said.
Mariah is also known for using music in therapy. "When I work with someone, I listen very carefully for a theme and a need, and then I select a song that responds to what they're trying to say or what they're hoping to become. I have an extensive inventory of thousands of songs, so I custom select for each individual." Lately, she has been starting her workshops by playing "My City of Ruins" by Bruce Springsteen. "It's a song about your life and coming back," she added.
Mariah refuses to let ALS slow her down. She continues to conduct workshops throughout the U.S., Europe, the West Indies and South America. She once brought 30 people to Machu Picchu, Peru, for a 12-day series of workshops. Her doctor advised against it because of the altitude, but Ron said that telling Mariah not to do something is the same as telling her to do it! She also sees a full roster of clients every week, teaches at the center, leads five groups every other week and wrote a book, "Tales of a Wounded Healer."
On Saturday, Sept. 21, from 2 to 5 p.m., she will lead a free non-denominational workshop, "An Afternoon of Forgiveness" at Germantown Mennonite Church, 21 W. Washington Lane. Mariah will focus on forgiveness as a life-changing act that can be an antidote to depression, anxiety and shame.
Mariah explained that forgiveness is a multifaceted process. A person who feels the pain of going through a hurt or betrayal often feels anger or resentment. "If they don't have a way to constructively express that, it can stay lodged in their body as bitterness or numbness. We have to retrace their feelings and then work towards forgiveness." She emphasized that forgiveness does not mean exonerating behavior. "Instead, it is understanding how the offender, given his or her life's journey, could have made such a hurtful mistake. It is a decision to put down a very heavy weight that you've been carrying; it's about having mercy on yourself and letting go. It may or not help the offender, but it will definitely help you."
Mariah, who grew up in Rosemont, received a bachelor of arts in English from Temple University in 1970 and an M.S. degree in social work from Bryn Mawr College in 1972.
Ron works full time at the Pennsylvania Gestalt Center, where he puts the workshops together and handles the marketing, advertising and financials. "I'm the background guy. She's the cook and bottle washer," he said. He is also president of the Mariah Fenton Gladis Foundation, whose mission is to offer programs that will bring a sense of love, compassion and forgiveness to individuals, families and communities.
The couple have two sons, Luke, an independent entrepreneur, and Cole, a film producer who is in the process of creating a documentary about Mariah's life.
What does the future hold? Mariah would like to hook up with physicist Stephen Hawking, who was diagnosed with ALS in 1963 and who, like Mariah, was given two years to live. Ron said that Mariah envisions a collaboration of some kind, "with Stephen looking at the far reaches of outer space and Mariah looking at the far reaches of inner space. We'd like to make that happen somehow."
To register for the workshop, visit mfgfoundation.org or call 610-647-4754.


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Study Shows Nicotine That Clings to Surfaces Can Be Inhaled Months After a Smoker Leaves an Area
By Brenda Goodman
WebMD Health News
Latest Lungs News
Reviewed by Laura J. Martin, MD
Jan. 13, 2011 -- Thirdhand smoke, the nicotine residue that is left behind on furniture, walls, and carpeting after a cigarette has been smoked in a room, can become airborne a second time, a new study shows.
The resulting particulates, a toxic mix of ozone and nicotine, are so small that they can easily penetrate into the deepest parts of the lung, and over time, scientists say, could contribute to breathing problems like asthma or even cancer.
"Quantitatively, exposure via secondhand smoke is much greater and a more likely concern with regards to health," says study researcher Yael Dubowski, PhD, a senior lecturer at Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, Israel. "However, exposure to harmful compounds via thirdhand smoke and thirdhand smoke transformations is an additional source for skin and lung exposure."
What's more, Dubowski says, because ozone can continue to pull nicotine off surfaces and back into the air for months, exposure to thirdhand smoke may continue long after smoking in the area has ceased.
A Third Way to Be Exposed to Cigarette Smoke
It's long been known that mainstream and secondhand smoke can contribute to health problems ranging from cancer to heart disease to birth defects.
Only recently have scientists have begun to measure and understand the dangers of exposure to thirdhand smoke.
"There's nicotine in tobacco smoke, obviously. The portion of that nicotine that's not absorbed by the human body, that nicotine goes someplace, and one of the places it goes is that it sticks on the surfaces of the room that you're in," says James F. Pankow, PhD, professor of chemistry and civil and environmental engineering at Portland State University in Oregon.
Previous research has shown that thirdhand smoke can rub off onto skin and even be ingested if food is eaten that's been exposed to smoke. It was also shown that dust could carry thirdhand smoke to the lungs.
The new study, which is published in the journal Environmental Science & Technology, shows that nicotine residues can interact with other indoor air pollutants and become airborne again.
"Nicotine can come back off of that surface to react with ozone," says Pankow, "It forms particles."
Those particles, known as secondary organic aerosols, are so small that they may be inhaled deeply into the lungs, where they are hard for the body to clear.
Studying Cigarette Residues
For the study, Dubowski and her team impregnated three different kinds of materials, cellulose (a proxy for plant-based building materials like wood), paper, and cotton, with nicotine and exposed them to ozone under dry and humid conditions.
They were able to see that nicotine remained on the surfaces to be wiped off onto skin or clothing.
They were also able to measure, however, that nicotine could "desorb" off a surface back into the air where it might be inhaled on its own or react with other indoor air pollutants like ozone to form particulates.
The researchers also found that humid conditions appeared to be somewhat protective against exposure to the products of thirdhand smoke.
"This may not be very significant under normal indoor conditions where relative humidity is governed by comfort and kept around 60%," says Dubowski. "However, in airplanes, where relative humidity is particularly low, less than 20%, and ozone concentrations can reach higher than 100 parts per billion, the potential for exposure to products of thirdhand smoke products may be greater."
SOURCES: Petrick, L. Environmental Science and Technology, January 2011.Yael Dubowski,Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.James F. Pankow, professor of chemistry and civil & environmental engineering, Portland State University, Ore.
©2011 WebMD, LLC. All Rights Reserved.


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I am wondering if anyone can recommend a program that will allow me to type in a word like
and convert this word to a MD5 hash that will be readable in a .htpasswd file.
The webserver I use is htaccess compatible but I can't access the file to create the login name and password for my website so what I am looking for is a program that will convert the string i type in to the proper hash so that I can type it into a text editor and upload the .htpasswd file the manual way. Thanks for the help


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To celebrate the 30th anniversary of "Trading Places," the quintessential trading movie, now even more poignant with the closure of the trading floor, we are launching of our own movie and video player service, Alpha TV. And on Sept. 6, Alpha TV will host the World Wide Web premiere of the director's cut of "FLOORED."
A year ago we put together a top 10 trading movies list, but decided we left off some lesser known gems. Therefore, our 2013 list has been expanded to 15 movies. These movies are a combination of documentaries, docudramas and fiction, but all have a strong tie to trading or events that affected the markets significantly. Although we have taken reader comments into consideration, there probably are others that we've missed. Please put your suggestions in the comments section below. So relax and take in the shows. Now all we need is the popcorn.


text: I'm in the market for some mid priced speakers for my Platinum 5.1. I'm reasonably settled with Altec Lansing ACS56. Can anyone give me a comparison with others around the same price and power output (1 x 35Wrms and 4 x 9w). Any comments on the decision would be appreciated.


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AMNEVILLE, France - A late try by Montreal winger Julianne Zussman gave Canada an 11-6 win over France on Wednesday in a womens rugby Test match. cheap jerseys . The Canadians opened their European tour Saturday with a 27-19 loss to France in Pontarlier. The tour wraps up Nov. 13 with a game against England. Canadian coach Francois Ratier rang in the changes for the rematch, bringing in 10 new players. Only the back row of Karen Paquin, captain Kelly Russell and Jacey Murphy and backs Bianca Farella and Ghislaine Landry retained their place. Landry shifted from fly half to fullback as Ratier opted for a new halfback pairing of Kayla Moleschi and Jackie Tittley. Tittley kicked two penalties for Canada, which led 6-3 at the half on a wet, windy day. The French tied it up with a penalty of their own five minutes into the second half. cheap jerseys from china . LOUIS -- Lance Lynn is making the most of a surprise opportunity. wholesale nfl jerseys . I had watched NHL, NBA and MLB All-Star games from a distance and was intrigued by their status as a big event but wondered why teams would want this kind of distraction in the middle of the season.When the final whistle blew on Toronto FCs season against the Montreal Impact on Saturday, the ball came down from the night sky and, fittingly, landed on the head of head coach Ryan Nelsen. The former central defender calmly nodded it down and quietly went about celebrating a win with his staff. For a man who has had a lot on his shoulders this season, it was an appropriate moment. The rookie head coach now fully admits that he underestimated the task he took on when he came to Toronto after retiring as a player from QPR in the Premier League in January. He inherited a side in shambles on and off the pitch. He went on to use 35 different players in 34 league games and watch the GM who brought him to the club get fired, yet as season number seven for the franchise officially finishes, Nelsen has never been happier as a head coach. In a sit-down interview with TSN.ca on Monday, he talked about how he sleeps a lot better now, believing the team is heading in the right direction. He rolls his eyes thinking back to the state the team was in "salary cap [shape] and competitively" when he took over, but there is no anger or frustration in his voice. Nelsen is not an easy man to shake away from calmness; his voice rarely changes its pitch as he talks about the highs and lows of his first year in charge. It is only when I ask him about Christchurch, his beloved home city in New Zealand, ravaged by an earthquake back in 2011, does his expression change as his mind reflects on a scary moment for his family. "They were right in the middle of it. I felt completely helpless. During the earthquake, my sister went into labour – she has a brittle bone disease, so if she doesnt have a c-section shes going to die, so she is in labour, all cell phone communication is gone, the emergency services are all occupied and nobody could get hold of her. I get hold of my parents, they dont know if she made it, so it was about a five, six, seven-hour period where we didnt know if she was okay. Thankfully, eventually, everything worked out good." The 36-year-old openly says he is forever thinking about the club, but as a man it is clear he never gets to the point of worry that he did that day. "Thats real world stress," he admitted and remains saddened by what happened back home. "Since then I have gone back and half the city is completely destroyed. Its a beautiful little city. It takes the soul out of it, but the last time I went back was the first time I saw a real sign of recovery. I cant wait to go back for Christmas to see the rebuild." The subject turns to Major League Soccer and its complicated rules. Nelsen admits they are difficult to understand and shows small signs of frustration when talking about them as he slips back into his laidback delivery after the Christchurch chat. "Some of the rules are incredibly frustrating, when you are a club that has the resources that we have, you get held back," he said. "Its communism, really, trying to make everyone even when we are a democracy and we are like Canada, very progressive, but we get held back by the league rules designed for parity. Some of them are just incredible. I still dont believe some of them, but thats the world we live in and its done with the best intentions for the league." Staying in his calm and collected mode, he talks about "learning over a thousand different things" since he arrived on the job and close to the top of that list is how to, and how not to, lead a club going forward. "I think I have learned more about the organization than anything. If certain things arent right, its amazing how it trickles down and makes it very hard to move in the right direction," the coach explained. "Decisions were being made before I came back that people didnt know about. It caused a mess, but the year has been about clearing up mistakes. Its not the players fault. Its on the administration and I underestimated how debilitating that is towards a team - really underestimated it." Having played under big name managers such as Mark Hughes, Paul Ince and Sam Allardyce, it is the current West Ham manager, Allardyce, who Nelsen singles out as giving him the best piece of advice. "I have learned that the club has to come 100 per cent before anything else," said Nelsen. "I knoow that might frustrate the fans and media, who arent in the epicentre of it, but you have to keep doing what is best for the club and cannot appease certain areas. Where to buy cheap jerseys from china. Thats what I have stuck to all season." Part of those on the end of that have been high-priced players such as Stefan Frei, Richard Eckersley and Danny Koevermans, three big personalities, rarely playing, who didnt hide their feelings on Monday when talking about Nelsen and a lack of communication towards them. Nelsen said his door is always open, something backed up by players such as Steven Caldwell and Robert Earnshaw, and, still remaining in his calm manner, seemed disappointed that the trio ended their time in such a manner. "Its ironic that theyre the guys that havent played much," explained Nelsen. "They will complain, but I mean, wow. One is on [a] $1.6 mill.[deal.] To me, they should be really happy for what Toronto has provided them." Those departing open doors for new players, which include potential star Designated Players, Nelsen switches gears and talks about how essential it is to find lower-salaried players who will consistently outperform their contracts, something Toronto FC have struggled to find since it began. "I cannot stress how important that is," said Nelsen. "Its so key - its the foundation. DPs are the icing on the cake. Its like putting a Picasso in a dump of a house. It makes no sense. You need a good house before you think of that. If you asked me in June about DPs, I said we wouldnt be ready. We didnt have the foundation to handle it." Now, things have changed, the coach says. "We have enough players now [who] are starting to get hardened that know the league. We are in a salary cap and allocation situation where we could handle it. If you ask me, if Messi and Ronaldo are coming, can we handle it? I would say yes." Messi and Ronaldo still dont raise his tone, so I tried one more attempt by dropping another name. "You played with Jermain Defoe, would he make a good DP in this league?" I asked. "Thats not a serious question, is it?" he responded. Before I explained how I wanted him to tell me how good Defoe is, Nelsen interrupted with his eyes wide open. Now he was as passionate as the All Blacks doing the Haka. "Jermain Defoe in this league? Look what Di Vaio has done! My goodness - incredible player," Nelsen raved. "One of the most natural goal-scorers I have ever come across. Always out training, always trying to score, a great guy. To get a guy like Defoe for the MLS, I cannot think of many that are more suited. I think if you ask most Premier League teams, they would take Defoe." He pauses, as if he imagines Defoe one day playing for him. "It would be incredible. I call him and text him all the time," he said. "Him playing in Toronto would be phenomenal. If you look around the world and try and think of a realistic player – and I am not sure how realistic he is - that complements a league like ours, never gets injured, doesnt drink, can play high, low, scores all sorts of goals – do you know something I dont? Can you go over and sell it to him?" Through comedy, Nelsen refuses to tip his hand one way or another on whether Defoe was one of the players the club spoke to on a recent trip to London, but now that the club is ready for star designated players, I propose a scenario to him that could see Defoe or another target not arriving until next August, once the World Cup is over. It is not one that Nelsen is too comfortable with. "We want them in as soon as possible," Nelsen explained. "If we have to pick [from] A and B and A is coming in January and B is coming in August, its January. [TFC would take] a good DP thats going to score x amount of goals over a great DP who will come in August. Look, the team wants to get to the playoffs." And what if such a January signing would go to Brazil 2014? Nelsen doesnt see a problem. "Look, if we have World Cup stars, just missing for a few weeks, that would be pretty good!" Calmness restored. Spend some time with Nelsen and its not difficult to see why he sleeps well at night. Tonight, it is quite possible that hell be dreaming of a Tottenham striker playing for him in the near future. ' ' '
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text: Bin Hammam, left, was handed a lifetime ban by FIFA's ethics committee last year after being found guilty of bribery to CONCACAF officials during his FIFA presidential bid [EPA]FIFA presidential candidate Mohamed bin Hammam won his case against a life ban from football on Thursday for allegedly bribing voters during his challenge to Sepp Blatter. However, the Court of Arbitration for Sport said its panel was not convinced bin Hammam is innocent of corruption - but it overturned the ban because FIFA's investigation failed to find conclusive evidence. "It is a situation of 'case not proven,' coupled with concern on the part of the Panel that the FIFA investigation was not complete or comprehensive enough to fill the gaps in the record,'' sport's highest court said in a statement.New charges Despite the legal victory, Bin Hammam's bid to clear his name is far from over. Bin Hammam faces new charges of bribery at the Asian Football Confederation, which claimed this week that its president's financial management was revealed in a forensic audit of the governing body's accounts. FIFA responded to the CAS verdict "with concern'', saying it will ask its newly appointed independent prosecutor Michael J. Garcia to re-examine the case. "The FIFA Ethics Committee will then decide based on the reports and evidence presented to it if any action is required to be taken against Mohamed bin Hammam,'' FIFA said in a statement. Bin Hammam's victory at CAS will only partially restore his shattered reputation. The panel, which was split 2-1 in his favour, "is not making any sort of affirmative finding of innocence in relation to Mr. Bin Hammam,'' the court said. "It is more likely than not that Mr Bin Hammam was the source of the monies that were brought into Trinidad and Tobago. " - CAS Panel "It is more likely than not that Mr. Bin Hammam was the source of the monies that were brought into Trinidad and Tobago'' at an election campaign rally in May 2011. FIFA got evidence from Caribbean whistleblowers who said they were offered $40,000 cash bribes during the 63-year-old Qatari's electioneering visit. Bin Hammam denied wrongdoing, claiming Blatter helped orchestrate a scandal to guarantee his election victory unopposed a few weeks later. The failure of FIFA's prosecution at CAS comes after it hired an investigations agency led by former FBI director Louis Freeh to conduct the probe. Freeh's team reported that it found "substantial credible evidence that cash was offered to and accepted'' by Caribbean Football Union delegates after Bin Hammam made his election pitch at a hotel in Port of Spain. FIFA's code of ethics prohibits officials receiving any cash gifts, yet Caribbean officials were given brown envelopes stuffed with piles of $100 bills. On Thursday, the CAS panel published its dissatisfaction with the quality of evidence. "No efforts were made to trace the source of (the) banknotes that were photographed,'' the court said. The panel "recognises that it is possible to infer that the failure of Mr. Bin Hammam to carry out that relatively simple exercise in the course of these proceedings might be explained by the fact that it would have confirmed that he was the source.''Tight contest Elected to lead Asian football in 2002, bin Hammam launched his bid to lead football's governing body last year just months after helping Qatar win 2022 World Cup hosting rights. Bin Hammam and Blatter were locked in a tight race for the presidency and 25 CFU countries were thought to hold the balance of power among the 208 FIFA member nations.Whistleblowers testified that FIFA vice president Jack Warner, the long-time strongman of Caribbean football, told them he advised bin Hammam to bring cash instead of formal gifts to the meeting. The AFC allegations, concerning bribery and mismanagement of commercial contracts, will block bin Hammam from an immediate return to his office in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The AFC imposed a 30-day suspension on him this week. He is also prevented from retaking his seat at FIFA's executive committee table. Bin Hammam has represented Asia on FIFA's executive committee since 1996. He was elected AFC president in 2002, and was serving his final four-year mandate when the FIFA election scandal rocked world football. SOURCE: AP Sport Football Qatar Trinidad and Tobago


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Killzone: Shadow Fall Trailer: Hell(ghast) Comes to Vekta
The PlayStation 4's launch is upon us, and with it comes highly anticipated exclusive, Killzone: Shadow Fall.
The Killzone franchise has been around for years, but Shadow Fall is the first entry shipping day and date with a new console. Killzone 3 was an enjoyable if flawed experience, but we're still excited by the prospects Killzone: Shadow Fall represents.
The trailer, while light on action, is full of political hype. There are two sides to any conflict, and we're curious to see how Guerrilla Games is going to explore the differences between the Vektans and the Helghast. We've been let down by the stories in many of this year's shooters, though there have been a few shining gems in the rough. Perhaps Killzone will buck the trend, and have a narrative worth talking about in a good way.
Killzone: Shadow Fall will be out on Nov. 15 alongside the PlayStation 4.


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Farmigo takes the farmers market online
(12-10) 15:18 PST San Francisco -- Farmers' markets may be a big part of the Bay Area food scene these days, but they have their drawbacks. Many consumers who want to buy directly from farmers just don't have to time to shop at individual markets. And farmers say setting up stands at the various area markets can be impractical.
Benzi Ronen said his new online marketplace, Farmigo, will solve both problems. Starting Tuesday in the Bay Area and New York, groups of consumers can sign up to connect to local farmers via weekly deliveries. Each delivery - to a workplace or community center - incorporates the consumers' choice of produce, meats and dairy products from several different farms or producers.
Convenient for consumers
Ronen got the idea while conducting market research that showed 20 percent of the population would shop at farmers' markets weekly if they were more convenient.
"If we could bring that farmers' (market) experience - you pick which farm you want to buy from, what you want each week, you pay weekly - if we could bring that experience to you in a convenient way, that opens up the market," he said.
Workplaces, school communities and other groups can order from several farmers from within a 100-mile radius who will deliver produce within 48 hours of harvest, as well as fresh meats. Fish, baked goods, coffee and other foods will also be available.
Farmigo's farm-to-consumer service is a new component of the San Francisco company, which Ronen founded in 2009 to develop software for small farms with community-supported agriculture programs, called CSAs. To begin the delivery service, Farmigo has raised $8 million from capital and finance firms and signed up 20 farmers on the West and East coasts.
Farmigo joins other recently launched online local food delivery services such as Good Eggs, which focuses more on artisan foods, and Pastoral Plate, a monthly community-supported agriculture program of Northern California meat and egg producers.
Higher margin for farmers
After transaction fees and other costs, Farmigo will take 10 percent of each sale, leaving 80 cents on the dollar for farmers. It's a higher margin than farmers earn on the wholesale market, which averages 15 to 20 cents on the dollar, and farmers can hand over marketing, billing and delivery logistics to Farmigo.
"They take a big load off the farmers to allow us to do what we do best, which is to grow premium produce," said Nick Papadopoulos, general manager of Bloomfield Farms Organics near Petaluma.
Last week, a Bloomfield employee delivered boxes and tote bags full of produce to the South of Market offices of Kiva, a nonprofit that facilitates microlending online that is one of Farmigo's beta testers. About 20 out of 100 Kiva employees had ordered in advance, including CEO Matthew Flannery.
"I'm a huge believer in localism," Flannery said. "When you have an office of some significant size, you can use it for good things, such as being a centralized delivery hub" for farmers.
Some companies are integrating Farmigo into their wellness programs. Etsy, an online marketplace of artisan goods based in Brooklyn, is offering employees a $10 credit toward their first order.
Ronen foresees hundreds of Farmigo delivery sites in San Francisco - it now has a handful of beta sites on each coast. A crucial first step is setting up locations that are convenient for both farmers and consumers, such as schools or community centers, he said.
"You're already going to those physical places every day of the week. You're not making an extra stop. It becomes part of your lifestyle," he said.
Individuals who are interested in having deliveries made to their office or community location can contact Farmigo online. Farmigo staff members help determine if there is enough interest at the location, custom-design an order page on the Farmigo website, and coordinate marketing events such as cooking competitions. Ronen said the goal is for each site to have an average of 30 $20 orders per week.
Farmigo's prices are similar to that of organic goods sold at farmers' markets, but orders come in larger amounts, such as $6 for two bunches of leafy greens or $28 for a selection of meats. Farmers now team up to make deliveries, but Farmigo is considering hiring a delivery service as it expands.
The service is modeled partly on community-supported agriculture, where a farm delivers produce to members, usually to a neighbor's home. Customers typically receive a selection of whatever is in season and don't get to choose what is in the box, which is why Farmigo's market research showed that only 1 percent of Americans are community-supported agriculture members.
"The holy grail of CSA programs is being able to provide 100 percent choice, just like going to a store," said Papadopoulos, who sees Farmigo as a way to diversify his farm's existing community-supported agriculture, U-pick and farmers' markets sales.
"What's great is they want to change the food system," Papadopoulos said. "They want to create the market and partner with farmers."
Tara Duggan is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Twitter: @taraduggan


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The Nokia Lumia 920 (full review) is the flagship smartphone for Windows Phone 8. Here's our Nokia Lumia 920 video review.
The Lumia 920 is the biggest Windows Phone we've seen. We measured it at 12 millimetres at its thickest point and it has a relatively brick-like weight of 185g.
The 920 feels unwieldy, strong, and a little plastic to the touch, but its one-piece polycarbonate body sits neatly flush to the Corning Gorilla Glass front.
The uni-body design means there's no removable rear cover - and therefore no access to the battery. The only moving part is the top loading micro-SIM card tray which feels distinctly cheap and plastic. The three side-mounted buttons have a smooth action.
Nokia Lumia 920: Performance, specification, storage
Inside is a Qualcomm Snapdragon S4 1.5GHz dual-core processor and 1GB of memory. The SunSpider JavaScript test shows that Internet Explorer 10 is fast. We recorded an average of 922 miliseconds, almost as quick as the iPhone 5's tally of 903ms.
Navigation around the system happens without lag although menus and lists tend to judder somewhat if you scroll slowly. Only a select few apps such as Nokia Maps and Cinemagraph take a few seconds to load.
The 920 has 32GB of built-in storage, but no memory card slot for expansion. Cloud storage can be accessed via the pre-loaded SkyDrive app.
Nokia Lumia 920: Display and connectivity
We were impressed with the PureView HD+ display with its 768 by 1280 pixels. This gives the Lumia 920 an impressive pixel density of 332 pixels per inch so everything looks pin sharp.
The screen boasts excellent contrast and eye-popping colours. The touchscreen is very responsive, so much so that you can sometimes use it with non-smartphone gloves.
Physical ports consist of a headphone jack and microUSB port, and there is Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. The 920 has an NFC chip and DLNA certification. Most exciting of all is Qi wireless charging.
The Lumia 920 runs Microsoft's new mobile operating system – Windows Phone 8.
Nokia Lumia 920: Camera
We found still photos from the 8.7Mp PureView rear facing camera with its Carl Zeiss lens very good. Colour balance, saturation and exposure were all of a good standard but some photos weren't quite as sharp as we'd hoped. We also found a lot of noise reduction leading to a loss of detail.
The most outstanding feature of the 920's camera is its optical image stabilisation. It's the first smartphone to have a floating lens which means video footage, which can be recorded in full-HD, is extremely smooth.


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'Big game' behavior improved, but not entirely
Wick's World
Congratulations are in order to the Seattle Seahawks and their stunning victory over the Denver Broncos in the latest version of America's most hyped sporting event, the Super Bowl. A petition is circulating asking President Obama to declare Super Bowl Monday a national holiday. To the 1.5 million people expected to miss work today, I say, "Get a life."
Right on up until kickoff, I really had no clue as to which team I should cheer for. As soon as the game unfolded, I found myself pulling for the Seahawks, especially following the Broncos' initial possession when they started an offensive drive with an errant hike to Peyton Manning that went into the end zone for a safety.
I'm not sure if it was because of their quarterback Russell Wilson's underdog status playing against one of his heroes, specifically Peyton Manning, that made it easier for me to root for Seattle. Actually, I was among the many fans who held a grudge against the Seahawks for the immature behavior of the star of the AFC Championship game, Richard Sherman, which left me with the inability to cheer for his team.
Following his ranting braggadocio performance in the face of an opposing player, Sherman tried to clean up his selfish denigrating act by making claims like "That is not who I am."
He failed to realize that for millions of viewers, that was the first impression of who Richard Sherman was — an arrogant jerk. Yes, he was the valedictorian of his high school class in Compton, California. Indeed, he graduated from highly reputable Stanford University, even getting his master's degree. If he wants people to judge him by that, he needs to act in accordance. Hopefully he learned a lesson for his actions following the Seahawk's Super Bowl win where he showed a huge improvement in his behavior.
I remember having prejudiced feelings in the Super Bowl game of 2008 when the New York Giants upset the New England Patriots. Like the Seahawks' Sherman, a point of contention about the Patriots team was the pre-game arrogance of one of their most important players. Surprisingly, I'm not talking about their wide receiver, the controversial ex-Viking Randy Moss, who handled defeat in a classy manner and gave credit where credit was due. I'm referring to their quarterback, Tom Brady, who did all he could to not laugh in the face of a New York Giants player who had the audacity to predict, not only a victory over the Patriots, but stated that he felt his team could hold the Brady Bunch to 17 points. (They actually scored 14.) Tom Brady didn't just laugh at one opposing player's statement. He brushed off the entire New York Giants' defense by acting as if there was no football team in Tom Brady's universe that could possibly keep a Tom Brady-led team from scoring all of the points they wanted to. The Giants defense wiped the smirk off that smiling face and replaced it with enough grass stains on the posterior of the quarterback's uniform that the grazing cattle in the adjoining pasture were drooling with envy.
Although Seattle's offense put up more than 40 points on the scoreboard, like the Giants of 2008 the Seahawks' defense was the story of the game. For all the Peyton Manning hype, he was only able to mange eight points against the top defensive team in the NFL. Unlike Brady, Manning expressed his usual calm, business-like manner in which he plays the game.
The New England Patriots as a team had left a foul taste left in the mouths of many NFL fans after the revelations of the cheating they did in order to win all those Super Bowls. For the uninformed, the Patriots and their grumpy, know-it-all coach were accused of illegally videotaping other teams' workouts and games to gain an unfair advantage over their opponents. Although they tried to brush this off with the eternal excuse that "all of the teams do this," none went to the great lengths of the Patriots' coach Bill Belichick and his philosophy of winning no matter what the cost, legal or not.
Sportsmanship 101 teaches young players way back in grade school that you always treat the opposing team with respect when you shake hands, whether after a victory or a heartbreaking defeat. How can you expect players to show respect for the game when coaches justify "win by all means" mentality?
For the most part, the behavior at Super Bowl 2014 was much improved over some years past. However, it wasn't entirely. Who was the crazy player who dropped his pants during the postgame frenzy, and just what was that about?


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Jayzoo needed a new web page design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 11 designs submitted by 4 freelance designers.
We want to merge bloggers with businesses - the site has two main areas:
1) To give Canadian Bloggers / Connectors a connection to small and big brands in order to review and promote products.
2) To allow Canadian marketers to connect with Canadian bloggers / Connectors
1) Canadian bloggers / social connectors
2) Canadian marketers (small and large businesses)
Creatively there are two requirements:
1) Canadian look and feel
2) Design should be based through a cute character (bug, creature) Eg: http://www.creativespark.co.uk/
The homepage is very simple and honest. A simple blurb about what we are, with two choices -
Are you a connector or are you a marketer?
I'm looking for three layouts in particular -
1) Homepage;
2) Marketer Page;
3) Blogger / Connector Page


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The day before the women's gymnastics team final, a Twitter user suggested Simone Biles and her coach Aimee Boorman were their sport's equivalent to Walter Payton and Mike Ditka.
"Sounds about right," Payton son, Jarrett, chimed in on Twitter.
Nevermind that the Chicago-born Boorman doesn't smoke cigars, has never thrown a wad of chewing gun at a spectator and is the antithesis of abrasive. She loved Payton's affirmation.
She loved it so much, in fact, that she was still talking about it three days later after Biles — who already had won gold in the team event — had just captured the women's all-around crown.
"Did you see the tweet?" Boorman, an...


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Make a splash at the enchanting and exclusive Bay Cove Pool. Breeze down the 20-foot-tall waterslide surrounded by glass blocks. Relax in the whirlpool spa, and enjoy refreshments and light bites from the poolside bar. Kids can delight in bubbling geysers at the children's water play area and the pool's gently sloping, zero-depth entry similar to a natural beach.
Discover sumptuous fare and sublime views at this award-winning restaurant.
Take the complimentary Resort Monorail to Magic Kingdom park and—with just one transfer—Epcot.
Disney Vacation Club is a vacation ownership program that offers Members a more flexible and cost-effective way of taking Disney vacations.
Members may choose to stay at uniquely themed Disney Vacation Club Resorts or enjoy thousands of other vacation options in destinations around the world.
Disney Vacation Club offers Membership options to fit your family's vacation style year after year. Find out how a Membership can provide you with magical vacation memories to last a lifetime.
Explore all the benefits of becoming a Member.
Make your vacation more unforgettable with a personalized in-room celebration—featuring gifts, treats and décor.
(407) 824-1000


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Northville MI's Leading Source For Microsoft Sharepoint Services
Could Your Northville Business Benefit From Microsoft Sharepoint Services from Key Technology Solutions?
As a small business owner, one of the most important choices you'll have to make is how to provide your business with IT services. The most advanced business systems, such as Microsoft Sharepoint and Office 365, are expensive, requiring a sizable investment that small and medium enterprises struggle to make. Less expensive alternatives, however, don't provide the same level of service. While they will save you money in the short term, the long-term cost of reduced productivity and increased errors may be high.
While this dilemma may seem irresolvable, Key Technology Services has developed a strategy to offer you affordable access to premium IT services. Through cloud computing, we can link you to Office 356, Microsoft Networking, Microsoft Online, and a myriad of other advanced products, all for a small monthly fee. You and your employees can thus avoid high capital spending and still achieve enduring productivity and success.
KTS is a comprehensive IT solutions provider that delivers an array of network services. From password reset assistance to server virtualization, KTS can offer the flexibility that today's businesses need in order to stay competitive and maximize ROI on your existing infrastructure
Affordable Microsoft Sharepoint Access Through The Cloud
Cloud services are to IT what public utilities are to water and electricity. Rather than obtaining your own computing equipment and software, you purchase access to the necessary services from a data center. You can pull up these applications at any time and use them over the web. Cloud services are ideal for accessing advanced business IT applications, as they allow you to avoid:
- High Capital Costs- With cloud services, you won't have to pay to download the software you want to use, and you also won't have to buy as much hardware to run it by yourself. You will have to pay a small user fee to the cloud provider, but even this is partially offset by the fact that you won't be powering or maintaining as much hardware.
- Improved Security- Cloud providers specialize in securing their services against cyber-attacks, and know exactly how to detect and neutralize a threat. This often leaves their clients' systems much more secure than if those clients each ran their own IT.
Cloud access is particularly ideal for businesses that don't specialize in IT. It gives you the option of accessing the most advanced programs in a safe, secure environment, all while avoiding excess capital spending.
Superior Microsoft Sharepoint Service From KTS in Northville
Operating out of Wixom, Key Technology Services offers advanced IT access to companies throughout Southeast Michigan. We are committed to providing the highest standards of service to all our clients, specializing in:
- Multiple Platforms- Whether you need to store and sort documents through Microsoft SharePoint, obtain Microsoft Networking's many apps, or access the productivity-improving benefits of Office 365, we can set you up.
- Consistent Client Support- Through our Client Bill of Rights, we pledge to promote value and satisfaction for all of our customers. We provide customer support in clear, understandable language, and show courtesy and accountability in all we do. No matter what you need, we provide a single source of solutions.
Don't deny your company the software it needs to succeed. To learn more or sign up for our services, contact Key Technology Solutions today.


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Here's a copy of the menu, served to the 70-odd guests, including the American president George W. Bush and Estonian president Toomas Hendrik Ilves.
Whitefish tartare with autumn apples and rye bread tuille (picture here)
Glazed duck breast with beetroot and Merlot gravy
Kama and cream cheese cake with pumpkin marmalade
Grans-Fassian Riesling Mineralschiefer 2005 (Germany)
Chateau Les Barraillots, Margaux 2002 (France)
Dessert Wine Põltsamaa Kuldne 1992 (Estonia)
I'm very pleased to see a dessert using the Estonian ground meal mixture, kama, on the menu, as well as the inclusion of some local dessert wine.
By the way - Bush isn't drinking bubbly on the above photo, but non-carbonated non-alcoholic apple cider :)


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CMCP is a colorless non-resinous, water miscible mounting medium for permanent transparent mounts. It can be used like Canada Balsam, but CMCP resin has the advantage of allowing live or preserved specimens to be mounted directly from water or alcohol. Useful in mounting free living nematodes and live parasitic worms.
- Refractive Index:
- n20/D 1.41
- Hazards:
- Corrosive
, Irritant
, Toxic (Inhalation)
- Handling:
- Glove, chemical goggles & fume hood
- Storage:
- Store at room temperature


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Author Notes: Several weeks ago, Amanda and I received a delicious assortment of goodies from Maggie Battista (alias eatboutique) that included an addictive sweet and savory shortbread with herbs in it. Neither of us could get enough of the buttery, fragrant cookies -- we had to ration out the package so that we wouldn't eat it all at once.
Then a week or two later, I was at my friend Sara's for dinner, and she set out a little plate of homemade sage shortbread rounds for dessert. Inspired by this coincidence, I decided to include my own version of Sara's crumbly, sage-infused treats in a column on Summer Berry Desserts I was working on for the Boston-based magazine The Herb Quarterly.
Below is an adapted recipe that calls for the addition of any fresh herb of your choosing. I'd probably recommend using hardier varieties like sage, rosemary and thyme over herbs like tarragon or basil that bruise easily. But why not experiment? —Merrill Stubbs
Serves: about 27 pieces
cup all-purpose flour
teaspoon kosher salt
tablespoons plus 1 teaspoon sugar
teaspoon finely chopped fresh herbs (sage, rosemary, thyme, lavender, etc.)
stick unsalted butter at room temperature
- Put a rack in the center of the oven and heat it to 350° F. Sift the flour and salt into a medium bowl. In a small bowl, use your fingers to gently rub together 2 tablespoons of the sugar and the chopped herbs (this will help release the oils). Whisk this mixture into the flour.
- Cut up the butter into chunks and add it to the flour, stirring with a fork to make a soft dough. Gently pat the dough into a 9-inch round or square baking pan. Prick the dough all over with a fork and sprinkle the remaining teaspoon of sugar evenly over the dough.
- Bake the shortbread for 20 to 30 minutes, until it is golden and no longer looks at all wet. Using a very sharp knife, score into fingers, squares or wedges while it is still quite warm, and let it cool completely in the pan before separating the pieces.
- This recipe is a Community Pick!
More Great Recipes:
Cookie|Grains|5 Ingredients or Fewer|Vegetarian|Dessert


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Follow @LauraRachel4
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Rice Lake Public Library
Our promo videos for the Rice Lake Public Library. You can find more videos by the library on their YouTube.
Maranatha's Johnny Appleseed
Maranatha Evangelical Free Church in Rice Lake Wisconsin asked me to film a series for the church. Here is the series…Maranatha's Johnny Appleseed. If you enjoyed this series please like and share.
The Unintended
My 168 Project film. If you like this please like and share.
The Unintended Trailer
Here's the trailer to my 168 Project film. If you enjoy this trailer, please like and share.
This is a video I did to highlight some of my pictures. The song is one of my favorite worship songs, Indescribable by Laura Story. If you enjoyed this video, please like and share.
Blogs I Follow
- redemptionhillkingsford.wordpress.com/
- Chicago Sun-Times
- Austenesque Reviews
- Adult Services
- Screener
- God Provides for Us
- WritingSuzanne
- IMDBwords
- Franz Patrick's Film Archive
- Flights, Tights, and Movie Nights
- Hollywood Life
- The Soul of the Plot
- Mr Rumsey's Film Related Musings
- Keith & the Movies
- Let's Go To The Movies
- FlixChatter Film Blog
- Fast Film Reviews
- the m0vie blog
My Favorite Blogs
- . . Dex Aie
- A Journey to an Earthier-Minded Home
- A Kiss on the Forehead
- Chit Chat With Ang
- Friday Prayer
- It's A Wonderful Movie
- It's Raining Ink
- Ivey Abroad
- Jesse the Handyman
- Kristin Zueger's Portfolio
- Laura Rachel YouTube
- Learning the Wind
- Life As I Live It
- Luna's Gate: Crestridge Creations
- M Jolie McFarlane Designs
- Matthew Barrett
- Pastor Andy Blog
- Short Librarian
- Sounds, Images
- Special Momma
- Stop, Think, Shop!
- The Non-Domestic Housewife
- The Well International
- The Wiley 7
- This Dwelling Place
- Threesixfivefilm
- Travel 2 See The World
- Whispers of Worth
- Writing Journey


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An App That Helps You Fight Parking Tickets, Making Meter Maids Cringe
Okay, how many times have you received a parking ticket you felt was unfair? A bunch I'm guessing. You more than likely just ended up paying the stupid thing, because you didn't want to take the time to fight it and probably lose anyway, right?
Well good news, there is now a new app called Fixed that will help you fight that unjust, pesky parking ticket.
Here's how it works, you get a ticket. You take a photo with the app of the ticket and describe why you feel the ticket is unfair. Broken meter, missing sign, whatever the reason may be.
The experts at Fixed will evaluate the ticket, and figure out your odds of beating it. Here's the deal, if you beat the ticket, you pay Fixed 25% of the face value of the ticket.
If you don't beat the ticket, you don't have to pay them anything. You would obviously have to end up paying the city 100% of the cost of the ticket. But nothing to Fixed.
You actually end up paying something either way, but the gamble not to just automatically pay 100% of the ticket seems worthwhile.
Here's the downside right now, the app is currently available in the app store right now. But, it's only starting out in San Francisco at the moment. The good news, they plan on expanding to other cities fairly quickly. Hopefully it won't be too long before it reaches our neck of the woods.
Source: CNN


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Reviews for Hey, Al
Book list
From Booklist, Copyright © American Library Association. Used with permission.
Gr. 2-4. Al and his dog, Eddie, learn that the grass is not always greener even in paradise in this rich blending of picture and story. (Ja 1 87)
School Library Journal
(c) Copyright Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.
K Up The theme here is, ``be happy with who you are,'' or maybe, ``there's no free lunch.'' Al, a janitor, lives a meager existence with his companion (dog) Eddie in New York City. They complain to each other about their lot and are ready to take off to a better place with a huge bird who just pops in and invites them. This ``island in the sky'' is perfect. All its inhabitants are friendly birds, and there's nothing to do but enjoy the tropical paradise. But when they both begin to sprout feathers and beaks, they realize that there is a price to pay, so they take off, Icarus-styleincluding a plunge into New York Harbor. Safely home, they discover that ``Paradise lost is sometimes Heaven found.'' Egielski's solid naturalism provides just the visual foil needed to establish the surreal character of this fantasy. The muted earth tones of the one-room flat contrast symbolically with the bright hues of the birds' plumage and the foliage of the floating paradise. The anatomical appropriateness of Al and Eddie plays neatly against the flamboyant depiction of the plants. Text and pictures work together to challenge readers' concept of reality, with touches such as the stacks of delivered newspapers outside Al's door when he returns fromhis ``dream''? Kenneth Marantz, Art Education Department, Ohio State University, Columbus (c) Copyright 2010. Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.
Book list
From Booklist, Copyright © American Library Association. Used with permission.
Al, a modest janitor, and his dog Eddie are spirited away to a wonderful new life by a mysterious bird, but they soon learn that paradise has its price and home has its rewards. Energetic, thought-provoking illustrations. The 1987 Caldecott Medal Book. (Ja 1 87)


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Eagles 2013 Tour Could Be Their Last
Haven't we heard this one before? The Eagles, making the publicity rounds in London, told reporters that their upcoming tour could very well be their last one. Like, ever. But the band has made this announcement about three dozen times over the past 35 years, so believe what you want.
The Eagles were in England this week for the opening of their documentary 'History of the Eagles.' Vintage Vinyl News is reporting that, during a press conference after a screening of the movie for reviewers and reporters, the band said they may call it quits after their upcoming tour, which kicks off in July. But Glenn Frey didn't promise anything. "We're about to begin rehearsals next month for our world tour," he said. "I don't want to say it's our last world tour, but it very well could be. That's the only immediate plan. We've been working on this documentary. That's all I know."
The documentary, which will be released on home video next week, chronicles the group's ups and downs over the past 40 years. It will include a bonus disc featuring a concert from 1977, three years before the Eagles called it quits for the first time. Their 1994 reunion shows were so popular that the band has mounted several tours since then. They even released their first album of new material since 1979's 'The Long Run' in 2007 and, yep, went on the road in support of it.
"It's somewhat confounding, but people still want to see us play," Frey told the London press. "It doesn't seem to end for us. You'd think people would get tired of us. But you know, people haven't."
So you better catch them while you can. Here are the tour dates, in case you want to see them one last time. Or at least one last time during the summer of 2013.
Eagles 2013 Summer Tour Dates
7/6 – Louisville, Ky. – KFC Yum! Center
7/7 – Milwaukee, Wis. – Summerfest
7/9 – Cleveland, Ohio – Quicken Loans Arena
7/11 – Toronto, Ontario – Air Canada Centre
7/15 – Ottawa, Ontario – Scotiabank Place
7/16 – Philadelphia, Penn. – Wells Fargo Center
7/18 – Uncasville, Conn. – Mohegan Sun Arena
7/19 – Boston, Mass. – Comcast Center
7/22 – Washington, D.C. – Verizon Center
7/23 – Pittsburgh, Penn. – Consol Energy Center
7/25 – Bethel, NY – Bethel Woods Center


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You will receive an Electronic Benefits Transfer (EBT) card when you are certified to receive SNAP benefits. The SNAP office will explain how to use it, and will supply you a personal identification number (PIN). Keep this number safe, so that no one else can use your SNAP benefits. Take your EBT card to the grocery store where you want to shop, select the food items you want to buy with it, and take them to the checkout counter.
SNAP benefits can only be used for food and for plants and seeds to grow food for your household to eat. SNAP benefits cannot be used to buy:
Any nonfood item, such as pet foods; soaps, paper products, and household supplies; grooming items, toothpaste, and cosmetics
Alcoholic beverages and tobacco
Vitamins and medicines
Any food that will be eaten in the store
Hot foods
Once your eligible food items have been totaled at the cash register, you will pass your EBT card through a point-of-sale (POS) terminal in the check out line. In most cases, the POS terminal connects with a computer where your SNAP benefits are stored. In some States, the benefits are actually stored on the card. The cost of the SNAP items you purchase will be subtracted from the amount in your SNAP EBT account, up to the balance remaining in your SNAP EBT account. Once your SNAP EBT transaction is complete, you will receive a receipt that shows the amount of your SNAP purchase and the amount of SNAP benefits remaining in your EBT account. You should keep these receipts so you know how much of the SNAP benefits remain in your EBT account each time you go to the store. You should also keep these receipts as your record of SNAP purchases in case there are problems with your account.


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MILFORD – The Caroline County Planning Commission voted to recommend approval of a special exception permit for a defunct motel on U.S. 301 in the Dawn community to be operated as an assisted living facility.
The commission voted 5-1 to recommend the permit be issued, and the request now goes to the Board of Supervisors for final approval.
Commissioners Milton Bush, 'Pete' Davis, Bob Fiumara, William Smith, and Tim Thompson voted in favor of the request; commissioner Les Stanley opposed it.
The panel received no public comments on the request during a public hearing.
Sandra Brown of Henrico County is seeking a special exception permit for the property, a 1.5-acre site zoned rural preservation and located at 30500 Richmond Turnpike, a little under a half-mile north of the intersection of Route 30. The facility would serve up to 24 residents.
The property previously was operated as a retirement home, but has been vacant since it closed in 2006. Before being operated as a retirement home, the building was a motel until it was renovated and licensed as the Mary Field Home in 1974, according to Brown.
The assisted living facility would provide services to help adults with services for daily living, such as meals, bathing, and administering medications, according to Brown. It would have a staff of about six people on duty during the day as well as a supervisor at all times.
In briefing the commission on the application, county planner Angeline Pitts noted that that Brown plans to renovate the building and that it currently is not in compliance with the building code.
As conditions of approval, the facility will have to comply with appropriate state regulations, the number of residents will be limited to 24, and the permit would be reviewed in two years.
Bush asked Brown what kind of activities would be provided for residents. The adult home will provide 14 hours a week of programs and activities as required by state regulations, she said. Activities would include games and arts and crafts.
Bush also asked if the facility would provide therapeutic programs.
"Bingo could be therapeutic," said Brown, who suggested that additional activities, such as music, could be therapeutic, too.
In response to another question from Bush, she said that services would be provided to transport residents to various activities and events elsewhere.
Fiumara expressed a concern that there would be few activities for residents, but Brown said that state regulations will require her to provide certain activities and programs.
In other business, the commission voted 6-0 to a subdivision request from Gwynn Owens of Ruther Glen. The action allows Owens to divide a 20-acre parcel at 26519 Ruther Glen Road into two 10-acre parcels.