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.comment: The Search for a Truly Great Keyboard
The Weak Link
February 7, 2001
Computer makers, and makers of computer upgrades, go to a lot of trouble to produce very high quality monitors, some really nifty trackballs (which would be even better if they'd bother to produce Linux-specific drivers; for instance, my Kensington Expert Mouse would be a lot cooler if its programmable buttons were programmable under Linux), and all sorts of other wonderful stuff. But the area that's largely left behind is the one most in need of attention, because it is the one thing with which we all must deal: The keyboard.
And that's a shame. Keyboards are probably replaced more frequently than any other piece of hardware. They get full of all kinds of crud and corruption -- it takes a strong stomach, sometimes, do disassemble and clean one of the things -- and none is really happy for long if swimming in Coca Cola or coffee. No, those keyboard condom things aren't the answer -- they destroy the sensation. Face it: Keyboard replacement is something that happens and is going to happen. And face, too, the fact that the aftermarket keyboard supply is just terrible, unless you want to go hunting in extraobvious places. The standard replacement keyboard at local clone shops or computer stores is so flimsy that you can grab each end and by applying just a little torsional force reduce it to shards of flimsy plastic usually found elsewhere only in packaging materials. (Yes, there are now weirdly-shaped keyboards, and "Internet" keyboards; a few years ago there was a thing that looked like a mouse or a flight simulator throttle quadrant that had a few buttons, the idea being that by properly chording the buttons you could do everything you could do with a regular keyboard. All of these are [and were] relatively expensive, gimmicky, and in the final analysis beside the point.)
In the early days, keyboards were solid pieces of machinery. The original IBM-PC keyboard was a heavy and serious thing, albeit with just 84 keys. I have one in the other room, awaiting discovery of a cable that will attach it to a machine that wants an AT keyboard. You can find IBM PC-ATs all over the place, but one with its original keyboard will bring three times the price, because they keyboards themselves are so good that people have lovingly maintained them and have kept them when upgrading their other hardware. The IBM mainframe keyboards were even better -- also in the other room I have a huge and wonderful keyboard for an IBM terminal. This thing has all kinds of special-purpose keys, each sitting atop a switch that appears designed to survive nuclear attack. This Mighty Wurlitzer of a keyboard, alas, has defied all efforts to hook it up to a plain old PC.
I even have an extended keyboard, XT only, sad to say, that was made by Key Tronics, that is rock-solid (though the clickless keys are as squishy and unsatisfying as any in the genre) and that, according to the box, once cost someone more than $400.
My idea of a perfect keyboard is one that feels and sounds like that of an IBM Selectric typewriter. (For newcomers, a typewriter was a thing that connected keyboard directly to paper, and all you got out of it was characters on paper. They were very popular a couple of decades ago.) The Selectric vibrated and shook with what must have been about a 20-horsepower motor. Then, when you hit one of the keys, there was a satisfying THWACK as all of its pent-up fury was released in a powerful display of ink reaching paper. I want, but shall never have, a computer keyboard that so obviously displays immense force. I have to settle for clickiness, that phenomenon which leaves no doubt as to whether the key has been pressed.
For a decade, the clicky keyboard by which all others were measured was the Northgate Omnikey. It was made by a company, Northgate, that built clones in the era before the great hardware shakeout, when companies like Everex did battle with the upstarts Dell and Gateway. The Northgate Omnikey was so popular that the company sold it separately, and when the company went under the major concern was what would happen to the keyboard business. We could live without Northgate computers, but not without Northgate keyboards.
The Omnikey had the greatest feel imaginable. It also had, in its classic form, function keys to the left of the main keyboard in two vertical rows, as The Almighty intended. (A later version, the Omnikey Ultra, also had them across the top, but these were programmable via software, and merely aped the other function keys if you hadn't changed them.) Indeed, the Omnikey was so prestigious that there was a special configuration option for it in XF86Setup.
But Northgate is gone, and its keyboards mostly so. From time to time some company will happen upon a cache of them, and they get sold quickly. Those who have Omnikeys maintain them very carefully, disassembling and cleaning them from time to time. (Tip: If you can find one of those little cloth netting drawstring bags that women and very strange men use to launder their nylons, you can put your keycaps in one and put the bag in the top rack of a dishwasher to restore them to just-like-new freshness; take them out before the dry cycle begins.) Still, keyboards wear out, and the switch most likely to cease to function first is one you use most often -- the one under the spacebar, say, or the Enter key. Soon, Northgate keyboards will be too rare and valuable to use.
I've been through three Omnikeys in the last dozen years. My last one gave up the ghost a few months ago. There is no supplier that I can find of new ones.
Since that time, I've been auditioning keyboards. As I write this I'm literally surrounded by keyboards, from old and solid ones that began life on an ancient Wang 286 (the most beautifully built PC I've ever seen, by the way) and an old NEC desktop, various broken Omnikeys (for click and springiness comparison), and a selection of others new and old; I'll write, though, mostly about the new ones.

subset: commoncrawl


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The Moxa AWK-6232
Moxa has released an 802.11n wireless access point for outside usage that works in both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz radio frequencies. The AWK-6232 series delivers a data rate of up to 300 Mbps and was designed to address the need for faster transmission speeds and wider coverage in exterior networks.
The device's dual 2.4/5 GHz RF permit two independent wireless connections over different frequencies, which can provide more flexibility in installations where electromagnetic interference is a problem. The unit is housed in a metal enclosure that can withstand extreme heat and cold, moisture, corrosive liquids, and shock, according to the company. The list price is $3199.
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Lectio Divina
Lectio Divina, literally meaning "divine reading," is an ancient practice of praying the Scriptures. During Lectio Divina, the practitioner listens to the text of the Bible with the "ear of the heart," as if he or she is in conversation with God, and God is suggesting the topics for discussion. The method of Lectio Divina includes moments of reading (lectio), reflecting on (meditatio), responding to (oratio) and resting in (contemplatio) the Word of God with the aim of nourishing and deepening one's relationship with the Divine.
Like Centering Prayer, Lectio Divina cultivates contemplative prayer. Unlike Centering Prayer, Lectio Divina is a participatory, active practice that uses thoughts, images and insights to enter into a conversation with God. Lectio Divina also is distinguished from reading the Bible for edification or encouragement, Bible study, and praying the scriptures in common, which are all useful but separate practices.
Download a Lectio Divina Brochure
Lectio Divna Brochure Icelandic Translation: Biblíuleg íhugun
History of Lectio Divina
Lectio Divina is an ancient practice from the Christian contemplative heritage. It was made a regular practice in monasteries by the time of St. Benedict in the 6th century. The classical practice of Lectio Divina can be divided into two forms: monastic and scholastic. The scholastic form was developed in the Middle Ages and divides the process of Lectio Divina into four hierarchical, consecutive steps: reading, reflecting, responding and resting. The monastic form of Lectio Divina is a more ancient method in which reading, reflecting, responding and resting are experienced as moments rather than steps in a process. In this form, the interaction among the moments is dynamic and the movement through the moments follows the spontaneous prompting of the Holy Spirit. To allow for this spontaneity, Lectio Divina was originally practiced in private.
The current resurgence of Lectio Divina owes much to the reformations of Vatican II and the revival of the contemplative dimension of Christianity. Today, Lectio Divina is practiced in monasteries and by laypeople around the world. New practices have also been inspired by the ancient practice of Lectio Divina, such as praying the scriptures in common, which uses the scholastic form of Lectio Divina for a group experience of praying the scriptures. Though the method of Lectio Divina has taken slightly different forms throughout the centuries, the purpose has remained the same: to enter into a conversation with God and cultivate the gift of contemplation.
Lectio Divina Series - Centering Prayer & Lectio Divina
Impromptu Conversation with Sr. Marie Tasto on Lectio Divina
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"Deepening Lectio Divina and the Senses of Scripture" with Leslee Terpay. Free Download (62 MB)
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What drives you to spend so much time doing this? I mean, you don't have to participate in all these studies.
I don't have to, but you know what? It's necessary. It's a personal purpose. If there's any way I can help, if there's any way I can help, I'm all about that. It's not a problem.
So you've never had any side effects from HIV.
No illnesses related to HIV in all these years.
No, and I don't get colds and I don't get the flu. You know, my mom, she always told me, "If you were carrying an infection, you always needed to have it for a super, super long time before you showed any evidence, any symptoms."
You have an abnormally strong immune system it seems.
Yes, from what I understand from Dr. Stephen Migueles at the National Institutes of Health, if you want to talk about the science, the CD4s would be the general fighters, those are the fighting cells, and they get support from the CD8 cells, which are basically the soldiers. What they are seeing is that when my fighter cells are exposed to the HIV, I multiply CD8s. I multiply a huge army of soldiers like they never seen before. The NIH is focused on why I proliferate fighter cells. They expressed to me in June of last year that they've never seen a person multiply cells so quickly, so they know that's a unique thing.
Then of course, they're interested in my genes. I think it was Dr. Walker who originally discovered that I do carry the European descent gene. I don't know if you're familiar with the Spain cohort. Originally, I think ten years ago, they came up with this. They wanted to look at the survivors of the black plague. I'm a definitive carrier of the HLA-B57 gene. That is what that is called. And for all practical purposes, with their collaboration with the Human Genome Project, I think that genetics is the new groundbreaking frontier of research [on HIV-positive nonprogressors].
When I go back to Boston in May I'm going to have quite a list of questions for Dr. Walker, and I'm going to get an update of what the last year-and-a-half on his end has produced where I'm concerned. But it's still a mystery. I'm happy to say they're finding more of us. I think it's going to validate the work they're doing.
How often do you see these people, Bruce Walker, Steven Deeks or Stephen Migueles at the NIH? Are you visiting each place once a year?
Once a year for Boston. U.C. Davis wants to see me for this new study four times in one year. The NIH wanted to get me back when I was busy falling in love, so it turns out I will end up seeing them once a year. Even though it sounds like a lot, there's never any pressure. It's whenever it works with my schedule. They're lovely. They treat you so well when you're there. They're very forthcoming with their information, so I really appreciate that.
Do both of them pay for your travel there?
Well, you know, we have to put out some money. Some institutions are a little better funded than others. The NIH is a little bit more stingy in terms of their per diem. I did learn last year that you have to put out some of your money before you can get reimbursed. There are things that I'm working on to perhaps create an organization that will cash advance interested participants, so that they're not having to put their money out for the taxis or the additional night at the hotel. I keep hearing that lots of the money is invested into the research, and they can't really afford to fly a lot of people in.
But I have to tell you that if it's true that there's more long-term nonprogressors out there, we need to scare up some more funding streams that will support these participants who live farther away and want to participate.
I think there's a barrier present and I think it's the finances, so some colleagues of mine are talking about how to fix that. Whether it would be an organization devoted to long-term nonprogressors, or elite controllers as they're called now, I don't know.
I'm kind of in a jumble with my relocation, but it would be my dream to create some kind of a support network [for people] that want to participate, but can't get funded out of the institution. I don't know. Maybe The Body.com can help me figure that out! [Laughs.]
Loreen with Dr. Bruce Walker at the XVI International AIDS Conference in Toronto, Canada, August 2006. Loreen is participating in Dr. Walker's study on "elite HIV controllers."
Maybe. We're actually running out of time. Before we close I wanted to ask you about your coming out. You lived sort of anonymously for years. You only started to speak publicly after you attended the International AIDS Conference in Toronto last August. It hasn't been a year since then. How has going public changed your life? People can Google your name as soon as they hire you, and they can find out you're positive. Has that changed your friendships? Has it changed your work? Has it changed what it's like to go to the grocery store?
The amazing thing that happened, Bonnie, is that people felt I was accessible. After the article about me was published in my local newspaper, I had bank tellers in that town hug me as soon as I walked into the door and then take me to the side and say, "You know, Loreen, I have wanted to ask this question. Do condoms work? When should I tell my boyfriend that I want us to get tested?"
It kicked doors open like I never would have believed. It was actually the most positive thing that I have ever done in my life. And I want to tell you something about that: I showed the highest CD4 count, ever, in my 14-year history, right after I did the public disclosure.
Because so many people were so supportive.
Because I disclosed, yes. I took that weight off my shoulders. Some of us, some of my colleagues, are very interested in the neuroimmunology work that is being done on the mind/body/spirit connection. I'm happy to say that there are some medical professionals [interested in the field].
As recently as January, there was a young psychologist in Seattle who just published a paper that was published in Psychosomatic Medicine. I wrote to him immediately because what I have been feeling about this issue, he wrote about. He said disclosure boosts CD4 counts. So the psychic part of things is being looked at in addition to the virologic and immune system science of it. I'm a very interested person in all of this.
I have to tell you that in my life [disclosing] was the single most healthy thing I ever could have done for myself. I got phone calls and e-mails from people like you wouldn't have believed.
This was after the article in your local newspaper?
Everyone read it?
Pretty much! It was phenomenal how many of my girlfriends who were involved in Internet dating called me, telling me that maybe they had unsafe sex. What should they do about it?
It was really amazing! It just seemed like as soon as I put that out there. people were wanting information. I think that's a very important thing these days, getting it out to the youth, dispelling these myths that still remain.
So you have been speaking to groups?
Tell me about what you have done.
As soon as I got back from the International AIDS Conference I was invited to speak to the staff of a local women's center. After 22 years they had developed a wonderful group of people to counsel rape victims and domestic violence abuse victims. They asked our local Ryan White case manager and me to come in and speak to the staff.
It was a very positive experience. What surprised me, however, were the questions [the staff asked]. It was very elementary questions like, "How is the virus transmitted?" "Can you get it from kissing?" "How effective are the condoms?" Very elementary questions. So a one-hour booking turned into three.
A month later I was invited to speak to two classes. It was actually a human sexuality class in Fulsome, California. I was escorted by a friend of mine, who has been an HIV educator in that area for like 18 years. We had 70 kids both times. One was a day class and one was an evening class. The reaction from these young people was just so positive. They were so wonderful, so curious, and really asked very pertinent questions. They had their laptops and were very interested in everything that we had to talk about. We were also talking about HPV [human papillomavirus], hepatitis, other STIs [sexually-transmitted infections]. Even that class, even though it was an hour-and-a-half booking, turned into two-and-a-half hours. It's been an amazing experience.
Loreen poses in the Hosta Gardens at the U.S. National Institutes of Health, June 2006.
So you have enjoyed that? You're planning on doing other --
-- Oh, I love it. I absolutely love it. Yes. And I would hope that I have the time to stay focused on the kids. I really think that's where it's important. The infection rate among 13- through 24-year-olds is just escalating. We're getting to desperate and dire straights with this. We need more people to get out there and speak to these kids. Absolutely!
And I guess finally, I wanted to close with something you could tell our audience. What has kept you strong all these years? Is it religion? Is it something spiritual? What do you hold on to in moments of extreme anxiety or fear?
You know, my work with plants has always been precious to me. I've been a gardener. I love everything that's growing. My doctors even told me, "You know, Loreen, I think your connection with the earth is really a large part of who you are."
Also, having a lot of compassion for people in trouble has kept me strong. I love helping folks. For me, personally, being in this circumstance, I think that every day I wake up and realize that life is a gift. There's not a whole lot of time to be wasted. I might sound Pollyanna-ish, but from a spiritual base, I believe the world is a good place and that the possibilities are endless. I can't tell you how exciting it is to talk to so many people who call me that are newly diagnosed. I just had a call from a young man out of Fort Worth, Texas yesterday. I just kind of dispel the fears and tell him, "You're going to be fine. Educate yourself. How is your support system? What are you doing in your life to support your immune system?"
There's a very interesting program that I would like to talk to you further about when we are done with our interview or another day. It's something called the L.I.F.E. Program, based out of San Francisco. A good friend of mine is the director of a group called the Shanti organization. Have you heard of them?
I've heard of them, yes.
Jeff Leiphart has implemented this really fabulous support group system called the L.I.F.E. Program. It's a 16-week-long support program that was initially just going to be implemented online. I believe today he is in nine separate cities in the nation. What they look at is the spiritual connection, your health regimen, your support group. He's got a really intensive questionnaire of about 240 points. Once they summarize your answers to those 240 questions they create an 18 co-factor list of areas that you could improve in your life. I've heard nothing but positive response from this. I'm fully, 100 percent behind this gentleman. He's the one whose actual got me to start thinking about the mind/body/spirit connection to living a more healthy and better life. I really think we're on the right track.
Do you think the mind/body connection has anything to do with your amazing health?
Me personally? I come from a very strong family. I've been independent. I try not to live in fear. I just believe the good in people. You know what? It sounds strange to say it, but having HIV has made me feel more alive than I was before.
On that note I have to end. Thank you so much.
Thank you, Bonnie.
|I moved to Sacramento because I sensed there was a job here for me, and my instinct proved to be true. Through an interesting chain of events (and a lot of Divine Order, which I outlined in my first blog segment), I was hired as the new Camp Director for Sunburst Camps on April 1! I have thus "retired" from my landscape design and contracting company, The Earth Tenders, which was 23 years old this past March. I was compelled to transition into the HIV/AIDS field after four years of extraordinary pulls to the work.
On April 15th this year, I turned 54 years old. (YIKES!) I will celebrate my survivorship of 16 years positive on July 25 with the staff and campers of 'teen camp' in the redwoods of northern California, at the Sunburst Camp known as Camp Cazadero. Blessings abound as the Great Spirit made certain that I would be surrounded by love and compassion on this day.
I have also recently launched my Web site for the Zephyr Foundation, an organization I envisioned two years ago dedicated to information about HIV controllers at-large, in hopes to locate eligible candidates for clinical research studies focused on my "group"'s innate control of HIV.
Updated June 2008
Click here to read Loreen's blog!
Loreen Willenberg can be reached via e-mail at email@example.com.
If you are a person with HIV or a medical professional interested in participating in the HIV Elite Controller Study, please contact Rachel Rosenberg, Research Assistant, at 617-726-5536, or click here to send an e-mail. You can also click here to visit the study's Web site.
Click here to read a transcript of the interview with Loreen from the AIDS 2006 conference in Toronto, Canada.
Click here to listen to an interview with Loreen from the AIDS 2006 conference in Toronto, Canada. (9.5 min.)
This podcast is a part of the series This Positive Life. To subscribe to this series, click here.
More From This Resource Center
Newly Diagnosed? Words of Encouragement from HIV-Positive Women
What Every HIV-Positive Woman Should Know About GYN Care and Prevention
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The Community College of Rhode Island Foundation will hold its sixth annual Changing Lives Celebration, "An evening of enthusiasm and enchantment," to honor three community leaders while raising funds to help students achieve their dreams.
The Foundation will honor John Hazen White Jr. and Taco/The White Family Foundation, Warwick Mayor Scott Avedisian and Judge Frank Caprio during an event held from 6 to 9:30 p.m. on Thursday, Nov. 29, at Rhodes on the Pawtuxet in Cranston. The event will feature silent and live auctions, music, food stations and an awards ceremony.
Scott Avedisian, who will receive the Community Champion Award, was born in Warwick and educated in the public schools of Warwick and Washington, D.C. He graduated from Providence College, completed the state and local program at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government and was awarded an honorary doctorate in humane letters from the New England Institute of Technology.
He was elected the 15th mayor of Warwick in a five-way race in a special election in February 2000 and has been re-elected seven times. During his tenure, he has championed human services reform and environmental protection. He previously served five terms as a member of the Warwick City Council.
Avedisian, a former president of the Rhode Island League of Cities and Towns, has a long history of public service beginning in high school. He served as a page to the late U.S. Sen. John Chafee, a legislative aide for the Rhode Island Senate and deputy campaign manager for Gov. Lincoln Almond.
He served as a member of the board of directors of St. Mary's Home for Children for two decades, and is on the board of incorporators of Kent Hospital, a Trustee of Ocean State Charities Trust, a Board member of Advisors of Friends Way, a member of the Board of Directors for Crossroads Rhode Island and the Honorary Chairman of the Episcopal Charities.
In 2005, the Aspen Institute chose him as one of 24 inaugural Aspen-Rodel fellows. This bipartisan group of elected officials is charged with reclaiming the middle ground of American politics.
A well-known judge and lawyer, Frank Caprio, who will receive the Education Champion Award, is from humble beginnings. His parents, Antonio and Filomena, were immigrants who, through hard work, devotion to family and love of their new country, sought and found a new life in America.
Caprio attended the Providence public schools, graduated from Central High School and earned his bachelor's degree from Providence College. He began his professional career teaching American government at Hope High School. He coached the wrestling team, started a family of his own and attended Suffolk University School of Law in Boston at night. He began his distinguished legal career in 1965 and is senior partner at Caprio and Caprio.
He has served as a Providence Municipal Court judge since 1985. Proceedings in his court are featured on "Caught in Providence," which has run on ABC 6 for three years and on cable access for the past eight years.
Caprio served as chairman of the Rhode Island Board of Governors for Higher Education and was committed to keeping our public colleges affordable and accessible for all Rhode Islanders.
At Suffolk University, he established a scholarship in his father's name for Rhode Island students who are committed to improving access to legal services in our urban core neighborhoods. He also has established scholarships at Providence College and Suffolk Law School and for graduates of Central High School.
Caprio and his wife of 40 years, Joyce Tibaldi Caprio, have five children and seven grandchildren.
Business Champion Award recipient John Hazen White Jr. is one of the most prominent business leaders in Rhode Island. As president of Taco Inc. in Cranston, he runs a $150 million manufacturing company that is a leader in its industry. Taco is a world-class manufacturer of pumps, valves, tanks, electronic controls and other components for use in heating and cooling applications. Taco employs more than 500 people at three locations in the United States and Canada and sells its products worldwide.
He is the third generation of his family to own and operate Taco, which was started by his grandfather, Elwood White, after World War I. John Hazen White Sr. ran Taco for more than 50 years and built it into the quality brand it is today. Since John Hazen White Jr. took over the company in 1997, Taco has grown considerably in terms of product breadth, market reach and annual sales.
Born in Barrington in 1958, he was the fifth child and only son of John and Mary White. He attended Williston Northampton Academy and graduated from Wooster College of Ohio. He is married and has two sons.
Like his father before him, he is deeply committed to education, the arts, and in working to improve Rhode Island's business and political climate.
Tickets cost $75. Corporate and individual sponsorships are available. For tickets and more information, call 401-333-7150 or register online at www.ccri.edu/foundation.
Tickets cost $75. Corporate and individual sponsorships are available. For tickets and more information, call 401-333-7150 or register online at www.ccri.edu/foundation.
The Community College of Rhode Island, New England's largest community college, has full-service campuses in Warwick, Lincoln, Providence and Newport and operates satellites in Downcity Providence and Westerly. CCRI enrolls an average of nearly 18,000 students annually in credit courses and thousands more in noncredit and workforce training classes and programs.


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KABUL, Afghanistan (AP) — Insurgents pulled over a minivan with eight young laborers on their way to work at a U.S. base in eastern Afghanistan on Thursday, forced them out and then shot them dead, officials said.
The killings near Forward Operating Base Shank, a U.S. base in Logar province, were the latest in a militant campaign of intimidation against Afghans working for the government or the international coalition.
The attack took place just after dawn near Puli Alam, the provincial capital.
"They were eight ordinary laborers going to work at that base. They were day laborers," said Logar deputy police chief Raeis Khan Abdul Rahimzai. "This is very hard to believe. It is an inhuman and un-Muslim act against innocent people."
He said the eight were heading for temporary day jobs at the base and were not part of the facility's local staff. The gunmen let the driver of the minivan go and did not harm him, Rahimzai said.
President Hamid Karzai blamed the Taliban for the killings, which he described as brutal and cowardly. He said the laborers were "innocent people" going to the base to earn money so they could feed their families during the holy month of Ramadan. He added that their killers "will face the rage and anger of God and will be punished."
Provincial spokesman Din Mohammad Darwesh said there were four gunmen on motorcycles who pulled over the minivan.
"They just took them out of the car and shot them. They are all in their late teens and early 20's," Darwish said.
Both officials said it was unclear if the incident could have been in reprisal for a coalition airstrike that killed 18 Taliban fighters in another part of the province on Wednesday.
Logar, located just south of Kabul, has seen a sharp increase in insurgent activity this year. The Afghan army last week carried out a large operation against insurgents operating in the province.
The Taliban have said they will not stop fighting during Ramadan, which began last week, and will instead step up their attacks.
About 1,000 Afghan civilians have been killed and more than 2,000 wounded in the first half of the year, according to the United Nations. That marked a 24 percent increase in casualties compared to the same period last year.
As the NATO-led coalition last year started a withdrawal that will see most foreign troops gone by the end of 2014, the Taliban and other groups have unleashed a wave of bombings and assassinations around the country, testing the ability of Afghan security forces to respond with reduced help from international troops.
The Taliban have said they would go after government workers and anyone working for the U.S-led coalition as part of their campaign against Karzai's administration.
The Taliban have killed people working at the Logar base in the past. Last November, militants shot and killed two translators as they were heading to work on the base.
Last month, a Taliban suicide bomber struck outside of Afghanistan's Supreme Court, killing 17 people in the deadliest attack in Kabul in more than a year and a half. In April, insurgents assaulted a courthouse and government offices in western Farah province, killing 46 people, including two judges, six prosecutors, administration officers and cleaners working at the site.
Also in June, the U.N. special representative to Afghanistan, Jan Kubis, said insurgents were behind 74 percent of all civilians casualties in the first six months of 2013, and attributed the rise on the militants' "continuing disregard" for international laws on civilians in conflict.
Kubis also said that targeting government officials and civilians was a crime under international law. The Taliban have argued that government officials and workers are legitimate targets.
Associated Press writer Patrick Quinn contributed to this report from Kabul.


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Is a story better in a play or on the silver screen? Which format tells history better? Which is more memorable?
People have been arguing that question since films were invented and history first probed in cinema. Does the power of the live theater, with actors just a few feet away, carry you away as completely as the power of film and its ability to bring you extraordinary close-ups and sweeping panoramic landscapes, all set to stirring music? Does your imagination soar farther listening to someone describe something on stage or watching it in a movie?
Which makes you shout for joy louder or weep longer? Which better evokes the story of the past?
The latest stage-to-screen story to sweep America is Steven Spielberg's epic World War I drama War Horse, based on the prize-winning play now at Lincoln Center in New York and the children's book by Michael Morpurgo. It is the story of a British teenager whose horse, Joey, is sold to the English army for use in World War I.
The horse goes off to war and so does the boy, trying to get his beloved horse back. Along the way, the boy encounters incredible danger, loses comrades and is gassed. Joey has an even more harrowing journey, being used by the British Army and French civilians and then, when captured, by the German Army and two German deserters. He loves some of his owners, hates others, befriends both sides and other horses and, in the end, defies the powers of heaven and earth in an attempt, at full gallop, to get back to the teenaged soldier who loves him.
The movie is riding high at the box office and the play will soon reach its one-year anniversary at Lincoln Center.
Which is better?
(horse puppet in stage production)
There are many advantages of the film over the play. The camera shows you the story, with its slow build up, character development and action-filled plot. The audience can sit back and watches the story unfold. On stage, the actors have to do all they can to stir your imagination to that same level. In this film, especially, the horse who plays Joey is the star of the film. If there ever was an Oscar that a horse could win, Joey should get it. He is endearing and endlessly lovable. You can't stage a play with a horse.
The film also has the advantage of the sweeping camera that can show the countryside, whether a beautiful sunlight meadow, a dark, foreboding nocturnal forest, or the hellish moonscape of the Somme. The camera's real strength, used often in War Horse, is the close up that wrenches all of the emotion out of actors and the moment. In a theater, you see the faces of actors contort only if you are sitting close enough to the stage. If you are in the rear orchestra or mezzanine you lose that. The camera never loses that power. Film also gives you suns rising and setting and the shadows of the countryside that a play rarely can.
But the theater has advantages that the movie does not. This is especially true in War Horse. In the play at Lincoln Center, the directors do a magnificent job of not just telling the story, but getting the audience very deeply involved in the lives of the play's protagonists. The actors carry the play, along with the horse. In the movie, the young protagonist, Albert (played well by the young and gifted Jeremy Irvine), takes a back seat to the horse. So does everybody else, including Albert's dad Ted (Peter Mullan) and mom Rosie (Emily Watson). You care very much about Joey, his teenage owner, and the others in the story on stage. The theater also has the ability, despite its lack of space, to pull you into any scene on stage, and do so well.
The one advantage War Horse the movie has over the stage version is its ability to showcase the brutal history of World War I. Spielberg does a wondrous job of portraying an ugly and bloody war, a war of butchery on both sides. The movie does not cast the Germans or the British as the villains; all the soldiers are seen as gallant young men just doing their job and trying to get home in one piece. The battle scenes and the gloomy scenes of trench warfare are riveting in the film. Spielberg casts as gloomy a view of World War I as he did with the HBO miniseries The Pacific and his classic World War II film, Saving Private Ryan. History buffs will love Spielberg's movie for what they learn about World War I, from both British and German viewpoints.
Spielberg also does a fantastic job, as always, of creating a lovable star in Joey, just as he did with E.T. He pulls you into a love story and then branches out to tell the complete tale. In War Horse, he does that majestically and you cheer for the horse to survive the war just as ardently as you cheer for the boy, and the other soldiers, to make it, too.
On the other hand, and it's a very large other hand indeed, the stage play at Lincoln Center has spectacular stage effects, with charging soldiers, tanks, barbed wire, trenches and warfare on a movie screen behind the stage set. The real stars of the play, though, are the life-size model horses, constructed by the Handspring Puppet Company. Its workers have created a half dozen or so large horses of cloth and plywood. The horses move about with men inside them and handlers pushing and pulling them in intricate patterns. It is done so well that after five minutes, the audience truly believes that the horses are real. At the performance I attended, the actors received long and loud applause, but when the artificial horses came out, they got a standing ovation.
So, the winner, stage or screen? It's a tie. Both versions offer outstanding stories, superb acting and a triumphant tale of a horse and a boy who never gave up on each other, no matter what. Film and play are wonderfully entertaining history lessons about a dreadful war and the destruction of life. About one million horses were taken from the English countryside and put into World War I. Less than one hundred thousand survived. It was an unparalleled carnage. The story of those horses was never told as well as it is in War Horse.
The movie and play will bring tears to your eyes and stir your blood. They are soft love stories and hard war stories at the same time. The cannon will roar, but the tears will flow, too.
Bruce Chadwick writes for History News Network and lectures on history and film at Rutgers University in New Jersey. He also teaches writing at New Jersey City University. He holds his PhD from Rutgers and was a former editor for the New York Daily News.
Movie Facts:
War Horse. Director: Steven Spielberg. Starring: Emily Watson, David Thewlis, Jeremy Irvine. Length: 146 minutes. Rating: PG-13


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The growth of the flexible packaging industry has led to an increased need for high quality and technically demanding composite structures. Since the 1960's BOBST, through its Rotomec product line, has been offering laminating machinery that complements its range of high performance gravure printing and converting equipment.
The continuous success of BOBST laminating machinery is quite simply because the strengths of the equipment are consistent with what is important to its users - ease of operation, high performance, little wastage and low impact on the environment.


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Leopold Kronecker
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Leopold Kronecker (December 7, 1823 – December 29, 1891) was a Prussian mathematician and logician who argued that arithmetic and analysis must be founded on "whole numbers."
|This article about a mathematician is a stub. You can help Wikiquote by expanding it.
- Die ganzen Zahlen hat der liebe Gott gemacht, alles andere ist Menschenwerk.
- God made the integers, all the rest is the work of man.
- Quoted in "Philosophies of Mathematics" - Page 13 - by Alexander George, Daniel J. Velleman - Philosophy - 2002


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By BRIAN COSTELLOTebow Time is up.
The Jets released popular backup quarterback Tim Tebow on Monday morning, The Post has learned. The move comes three days after they drafted Geno Smith in the second round to compete with Mark Sanchez, David Garrard and Greg McElroy for the starting quarterback spot.
It ends Tebow's 13 months with the Jets that were more memorable for all of the headlines than anything that actually happened on the field. The Jets acquired him from the Broncos in March 2012 for a fourth-round draft pick (the two teams also swapped later draft picks).
"We have a great deal of respect for Tim Tebow," Ryan said in the statement. "Unfortunately, things did not work out the way we all had hoped. Tim is an extremely hard worker, evident by the shape he came back in this offseason. We wish him the best moving forward."
Tebow reported to the Jets training center in Florham Park to work out this morning, according to a source. Before he made it to the weight room, he was summoned to general manager John Idzik's office where he was informed of his release by Idzik and Ryan.
Tebow posted on Twitter hours after the news broke.


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Brent crude oil futures dropped over $4 on Thursday in the biggest one-day decline since November as part of a cross-market rout sparked by the U.S. Federal Reserve's Chairman plan to wind down monetary stimulus.
Crude prices were under pressure throughout the session, with additional bearish sentiment after China tightened credit even as factory activity in the world's No. 2 oil consumer hit a nine-month low.
Gold hit a 2-1/2 year low as commodities suffered the biggest sell-off in a year and a half, and the S&P 500 fell more than 2 percent on Thursday as markets feared the slowing of the monetary stimulus that has bolstered markets following comments from Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke on Wednesday.
Against a background of ample physical oil supplies, analysts said there was little immediate support for crude to stem the slide.
"You simply do not have the physical tightness to limit the downside during periods when investors are running away," said Tim Evans, energy specialist at Citi Future Perspectives.
"The oil market had some support from a falling U.S. dollar and a buoyant equity market that had made it seem as though economic growth would sustain, if not increase, demand for petroleum, but that scenario ended at about 2:45 yesterday afternoon," he said, referring to the time of Bernanke's speech.
Brent crude settled down $3.97, or 3.74 percent, to $102.15 per barrel. Losses escalated in post settlement activity to nearly 4 percent as the stock market continued to fall.
U.S. light sweet crude oil for July, which expired on Thursday, fell $2.84 to settle at $95.40, the largest daily decline since November. The more heavily traded August contract also posted heavy losses, settling down $3.34 at $95.14 a barrel.
On the technical charts, Brent broke through the 14-, 20- and 50-day moving averages. U.S. crude oil futures went through the 14- and 20-day moving averages.
Brent's premium to U.S. crude touched $6.89 a barrel at one point, the lowest level since Nov. 2011.
Oil was already under pressure on Wednesday, when Bernanke said the U.S. economy was expanding strongly enough for the central bank to begin slowing the pace of its bond-buying stimulus later this year.
Prices also took a hit from a surprise increase in U.S. crude inventories during the summer driving season when demand for gasoline generally rises. Crude stocks rose by over 300,000 barrels, surprising analysts who had expected a 500,000 barrel drop.
The July U.S. contract expires Thursday. The more heavily-traded August contract also posted heavy losses, down $3.12 to $95.36.
China turned the screw on credit even as factory activity in the world's No. 2 oil consumer hit a nine-month low.
U.S. stocks fell 1 percent for a second day after Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke outlined the start of a wind-down of monetary stimulus that has helped feed the market's rally.
Crude's woes deepened after data showed the number of Americans filing new claims for unemployment benefits rose more than expected last week. Meanwhile, a separate report showed that U.S. manufacturing activity growth slowed slightly in June.


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An Exclusive Space with Luxurious Hospitality
Complement your meeting by selecting the perfect venue for your agenda and group size. The Ritz-Carlton Georgetown, Washington, D.C. offers the privacy and exclusivity available only in the finest intimate hotels. From exquisite outdoor function space to small private gatherings inside a historic, towering chimney stack, The Ritz-Carlton Georgetown, Washington, D.C. offers unrivalled ambiance for meetings and special events.
Whether planning a board meeting, a wedding celebration, birthday party or retreat, The Ritz-Carlton, Georgetown, Washington, D.C. offers the intimacy that only a boutique hotel can provide. Our Ladies and Gentlemen look forward to the opportunity of extending a warm welcome to you and your guests.


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Need help? You've come to the right place. There are three ways we can help you, below.
We have a pretty thorough list of Frequently Asked Questions for you to browse through, or you can search by FAQ topic here below.
Legalities and Rights
If you're needing help with the legal mumbo-jumbo, or worried about protecting your rights, feel free to take a look at our privacy policy as well as the terms of use.
Contact Us
Finally, if none of this helps, shoot us an email and we'll get back to you as quick as we can.


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United States, which holds that free adult Americans have the right to decide for themselves what they will read and view. I believe that such material does not offend the standards of the community in which I live and is not illegal.


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Find the Laminate of Your Dreams at Carpetland Carpet One Floor & Home
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Today laminate floors come in a wide array of styles, colors and textures that are both aesthetically pleasing and budget friendly. You can get the look of hardwood, tile or stone without sacrificing your budget. Laminate is a great choice for high-traffic rooms, such as entryways and living rooms and high moisture areas such as kitchens and baths.
Laminate flooring is constructed of a protective wear layer over a decorative sheet containing the pattern, supported by a rigid core and bottom balance layer to help prevent warping. As a result, laminate floors are durable, easy to maintain and are more resistant to stains, fading, moisture, scuffs and scratches. Best yet, laminate floors are available in a wide variety of patterns and styles, ranging in looks from wood to tile to stone.
Whether you're looking for something with a wood look or if you prefer floors that resembles tile or stone, our flooring and design professionals will help you select the perfect laminate for your unique style, space and budget.
So what are you waiting for? Add texture and beauty to your space with new laminate floors from Carpetland Carpet One. Fill out the form to request your free in-home estimate with one of our flooring experts today!


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no one on the corner have swagga like us
After teaming up with Swagger Paris for a kick ass CMJ party (with We Have Band, Sleigh Bells, Phantogram, etc.), we've teamed up with our good friend Sian-Pierre Regis and his fly fashion site again to bring you a monthly mixtape tailored to the Swagger style. Ready? Ready!
SWAGGER: MIXTAPE by forthebeat (track list below and click on the image above to stream the playlist)…
Biggie vs. Tupac vs. The xx – Runnin' With The xx
Sebastien Tellier – Divine (Danger Remix)
Major Lazer – Pon De Floor (Cold Blank Remix)
Lykke Li and Kings of Leon – Knocked Up Rodeo Mash Up
MSTRKRFT – Heartbreaker (Laidback Luke Remix)
Telepathe – Chrome's On It (Gold Panda Remix)
Mystery Jets – Half In Love With Elizabeth (Delorean Remix)
Four Tet – Love Cry


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So that's how they know each other. Huh. But I guess it shouldn't be surprising a guy like Gordon has attempted a little self-medication, now and again.
Gonna take this opportunity to shill once more for my Kickstarter project, Poorcraft: A Comic Book Guide to Frugal Urban and Suburban Living. It made goal, but don't let that stop you from contributing! More money for the project means bigger runs, cheaper books, and better pay for the artist, Diana Nock. It also helps cover incidentals, like S&H and taxes. Every bit helps. Thank you, guys.
More comics soon.


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ANZ CEO Pockets US$10 Million Pay as Aussie Exec Salaries Soar
Mike Smith, the chief executive at Australia & New Zealand Banking Group Ltd., the country's third-biggest bank by market value, has taken a pay cut.
He only pocketed 9.7 million Australian dollars (US$10 million) in the bank's most recent fiscal year, or about A$360,000 less than the year before, according to its annual report released Friday.
The stratospheric package will do little to quell retail shareholder concerns that executive pay in general has outstripped growth in investor returns over the past decade.


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Meetings & Events > Theme Dinner > Function Room I
Function Room I
Stylish and spacious function room offers warm and intimate atmosphere for your ideal event. With the art of decoration of our event team from table setting, ice carving to flower stands boasts an unrivalled setting of sophistication and glamour. The venue can cover up to 225 persons.


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VOTE For The Top Songs Of The Last 40 Years
Here at WBKR, we are celebrating our 40th anniversary as a country music radio station. And we want you to be a HUGE part of our anniversary celebrations. And here's the first! Since we've been playing great country music for four decades, we want to know . . . What is YOUR favorite song of the last 40 years? The first round of voting is underway NOW here at WBKR.com! And, we want to warn you, this is going to be TOUGH! During the past 40 years, there have been HUNDREDS of country classics! So, we're going to make the first round a little easier for you. Check out the list and pick your favorite 50!!
And mark your calendars! On Friday, June 15th, we are going to have a special edition of the Big BKR Smackdown! That's the day our Top 92 songs go head-to-head-to-head and we let YOU choose the #1 Song of the Last 40 Years! Happy voting!!


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Hindi language, member of the Indo-Aryan group within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family. It is the preferred official language of India, although much national business is also done in English and the other languages recognized in the Indian constitution. In India, Hindi is spoken as a first language by nearly 425 million people and as a second language by some 120 million more. Significant Hindi speech communities are also found in South Africa, Mauritius, Bangladesh, Yemen, and Uganda.
History and varieties
Literary Hindi, written in the Devanagari script, has been strongly influenced by Sanskrit. Its standard form is based on the Khari Boli dialect, found to the north and east of Delhi. Braj Bhasha, which was an important literary medium from the 15th to the 19th century, is often treated as a dialect of Hindi, as are Awadhi, Bagheli, Bhojpuri, Bundeli, Chhattisgarhi, Garhwali, Haryanawi, Kanauji, Kumayuni, Magahi, and Marwari. However, these so-called dialects of Hindi are more accurately described as regional languages of the "Hindi zone" or "belt," an area that approximates the region of northern India, south through the state of Madhya Pradesh.
Within this zone, the degree to which regional languages resemble standard Hindi varies considerably. Maithili—the easternmost regional language of the Hindi belt—bears more historical resemblance to Bengali than to standard Hindi. Likewise, Rajasthani, the westernmost language of the belt, in some respects resembles Gujarati more than standard Hindi. Nevertheless, the majority of speakers of these regional languages consider themselves to be speaking a Hindi dialect. Among other reasons, they note that these languages were grouped with Hindi by the British in an attempt to classify languages in the early days of British rule. Furthermore, Hindi (rather than one of the regional languages) was chosen as the medium of instruction at the elementary-school level. In large part as a result of this colonial policy, members of the urban middle class and educated villagers throughout the zone claim to be speakers of Hindi because the use of these regional languages or dialects in public venues—that is, outside the circle of family and close friends—is perceived as a sign of inadequate education. In other words, speaking standard Hindi gives as much status to people in this region as speaking English gives in the south of India; both are treated as languages of upward social mobility. Thus, people in search of new jobs, marriages, and the like must use standard Hindi in everyday communication. In many cases, young people now have only a passive knowledge of the regional languages. Particularly since the 1950s, the prevalence of mass media (radio, television, and films) and growing literacy have led to an increase in the number of native speakers of standard Hindi.
Occasionally there are demands for the formation of separate states for the speakers of one or another regional language. Such demands are generally neutralized by counterdemands for the recognition of that regional language's many dialects. For instance, when the demand for the formation of a separate state of Maithili speakers was raised in Bihar in the 1960s and 1970s, there was a counterdemand for the recognition of Angika in eastern Bihar and Bajjika in northwestern Bihar. The successful demands for forming the new states of Chhattisgarh (from territory once in Madhya Pradesh) and Uttaranchal (from territory in Uttar Pradesh) was more sociopolitical than linguistic.
Sanskrit and the Prakrit and Apabhramsha languages—the precursors of Hindi—are nominally and verbally inflected. In the nominal realm, the adjective agrees in number and gender with the noun that it qualifies. This is less the case for Hindi because it was greatly influenced by Persian, in which the adjective does not change as a result of a number change in the noun. Instead, Hindi indicates number agreement via postpositions—small words that appear after nouns and function much like English prepositions. Hindi has also reduced the number of genders to two (masculine and feminine), whereas other Sanskrit-based languages, such as Gujarati and Marathi, have retained the neuter gender as well. Persian influence also caused the Hindi system of case marking to become simpler, reducing it to a direct form and an oblique form. Postpositions are used to indicate the other case relations.
The verbal inflection of Hindi is also simpler than that of the regional languages of the Hindi zone. Only the present and future indicative forms are fully conjugated in Hindi, while other tenses are indicated with the help of perfective and imperfective participles combined with the auxiliary verbs.
Modern standard Hindi evolved from the interaction of early speakers of Khari Boli with Muslim invaders from Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey, Central Asia, and elsewhere. As the new immigrants settled and began to adjust to the Indian social environment, their languages—which were ultimately lost—enriched Khari Boli.
Most of the Persian words that were assimilated with Hindi concerned administration, such as faujdari 'criminal (case),' vazir 'minister,' and musahib 'courtier.' Words such as dalil 'argument,' faisla 'judgment,' and gavahi 'witness' have been completely assimilated and are usually not recognized as loanwords. Persian names for items of dress and bedding (e.g., pajama, chador), cuisine (e.g., korma, kabab), cosmetics (e.g., sabun 'soap,' hina 'henna'), furniture (e.g., kursi 'chair,' mez 'table'), construction (e.g., divar 'wall,' kursi 'plinth'), a large number of adjectives and their nominal derivatives (e.g., abad 'inhabited' and abadi 'population'), and a wide range of other items and concepts are so much a part of the Hindi language that purists of the postindependence period have been unsuccessful in purging them.
While borrowing Persian and Arabic words, Hindi also borrowed phonemes, such as /f/ and /z/, though these were sometimes replaced by /ph/ and /j/. For instance, Hindi renders the word for 'force' as either zor or jor and the word for 'sight' as nazar or najar. In most cases the sounds /g/ and /x/ were replaced by /k/ and /kh/, respectively. Contact with the English language has also enriched Hindi. Many English words, such as button, pencil, petrol, and college are fully assimilated in the Hindi lexicon.
Hindi has borrowed a number of prefixes and suffixes from Persian that, when combined with indigenous roots, have created new words. Similarly, the process of hybridization with English has produced a large number of derived nominals, such as kaungresi (congress + i), Ameriki (America + i), and vaiscansalari (vice-chancellor + i), in which the base word is English and the suffix is typically Hindi. Nouns that mix contributions from English and Persian, such as table-kursi 'tables and chairs' and school-imarat 'school building,' are also found. In spoken Hindi, English-based complex verbs are used as well. For instance, one can say either aram karna or rest karna 'to rest,' parhai karna or study karna 'to study,' and bahas karna or plead karna 'to plead.'
In earlier Hindi the relative clause was placed either at the beginning or at the end of the main clause. For instance, one could render 'the boy who came here yesterday is my friend' in several ways: wo larka mera dosht hai jo kal yaha aya tha, literally 'that boy my friend is who yesterday came here'; jo larka kal yaha aya tha, wo mera dosht hai, literally 'which boy yesterday here came, he my friend is'; or wo larka jo kal yaha aya tha, mera dosht hai, literally 'that boy who yesterday here came, my friend is.' After colonization, Hindi syntax was influenced by English, though in a limited way. For instance, until the mid-19th century, Hindi had no form for indirect narration—one could formerly say Ram ne kaha, mein nahi aaoonga 'Ram said, "I won't come,"' and now one can also say Ram ne kaha ki wo nahi ayega 'Ram said that he won't come.'
From the mid-20th century, the use of Hindi on national television increased the use of a linguistic device called code switching, in which the speaker creates sentences by combining a Hindi phrase with another in English, as in I told him that mai bimar hu 'I told him that I am sick.' This device differs from code mixing, in which words of different origins are mixed: usne sick leave ki application de hai 'he has applied for sick leave.'
In 1931 linguist Sumit Kumar Chatterjee conducted a study in Calcutta (now Kolkata) detailing the use of a lingua franca that he called Bazaar Hindustani. It had minimal grammatical forms and a simplified basic vocabulary used by both Europeans and Indians who spoke such languages as Assamese, Bengali, Oriya, Tamil, and Hindi. In the early 21st century, what came to be known simply as Hindustani—a colloquial spoken language that, depending on geographic location, draws extensively from Hindi and Sanskrit or from Urdu and Persian—continued to be the lingua franca of Kolkata and other cosmopolitan and industrial cities that had drawn people from all parts of India. As Hindi originated in just such a multilingual situation centuries ago, so may urbanism instigate the development of an even richer lexicon and even more flexible syntactic devices.
Pressure on standard Hindi is felt not only from non-Hindi speakers but also from the many Hindi speakers who have recently switched over from their dialects to standard Hindi without having entirely eliminated the influences of those regional languages. In such cases, sound systems often retain a regional touch; for instance, Biharis use /s/ in place of /sh/, and the hill peoples (the so-called Scheduled Tribes) of Uttar Pradesh use /sh/ for /s/. The syntax of such speakers may also have recognizable variants; for example, instead of the standard Hindi form mujhey jana hai 'I have to go,' Punjabis and Delhites say maine jana hae, Hindi speakers of Teangana say maiku jana hai, and people of western Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra say apanko jana hai.
The Central Hindi Directorate, a government agency with the mission of standardizing and modernizing Hindi, is moving the language closer to Sanskrit. Non-Hindi speakers, however, are pulling the language in another direction by using increasing numbers of English words and phrases and by simplifying the complex rules of subject-verb agreement found in standard Hindi. Notably, both groups are motivated by the same goal—to widen the scope of Hindi by making it more comprehensible to non-Hindi speakers.
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
Indo-Aryan languages: The modern Indo-Aryan stage…speaker of Braj Bhasha uses Hindi for communicating in large cities such as Delhi.…
India: Indo-European languages…widely spoken Indo-Iranian language is Hindi, which is used in one form or another by some two-thirds of the population. Hindi has a large number of dialects, generally divided into Eastern and Western Hindi, some of which are mutually unintelligible. Apart from its nationally preeminent position, Hindi has been adopted…
education: Pre-independence period…those in recognized schools, but Hindi was studied as an all-India language in place of English, and the mother tongue was used as the medium of instruction. These institutions functioned for a short time only and disappeared with the suppression of the noncooperation movement. The Congress' struggle for self-rule, however,…
South Asian arts: Hindi…is commonly spoken of as Hindu is actually a range of languages, from Maithili in the east to Rajasthani in the west. The first major work in Hindi is the 12th-century epic poem
Pṛthvīrāj Rāsau, by Chand Bardaī of Lahore, which recounts the feats of Pṛthvīrāj, the last Hindu king…
Asia: Languages…languages of northern India, including Hindi, evolved from Sanskrit and are members of the Indo-European language family, while the languages of southern India belong to the Dravidian family and include Tamil and Telugu. More than 10 different scripts are used in India. An Indian banknote has its value written on…
More About Hindi language14 references found in Britannica articles
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Mapmakers: MrBenn and fumandomuerte
Territory Count: 30 starts + 5 neutral ports
Bonuses: 6 regions
Gameplay: A map based on the actual political division of México with some important ports on both international waters. No new elements are added to the classical risk gameplay.
Foundry Stamps
Latest File Links
XML: http://www.fileden.com/files/2009/1/9/2259283//Mexico1.xml
Small Image: http://i275.photobucket.com/albums/jj320/bpawley/mexico/Mexico14s.jpg
Large Image: http://i275.photobucket.com/albums/jj320/bpawley/mexico/Mexico14.jpg
Latest Version - 11th September 2010
- Here are the (hopefully) final images!
[url]http://i275.photobucket.com/albums/jj320/bpawley/mexico/Mexico13L.jpg]Previous Version[/url] - 3rd September 2010
- I've added some (more) texture to the coastline, darkened the border lines, and added a new texture to the land (which I still feel ambiguous about, but could live with this one).
Do people prefer this version or the previous version?
Previous Versions- 2nd September 2010
Small Map: http://i275.photobucket.com/albums/jj320/bpawley/mexico/Mexico12S.jpg
Large Map: http://i275.photobucket.com/albums/jj320/bpawley/mexico/Mexico12L.jpg
The Bison King wrote:natty_dread wrote:This is just me, but I wouldn't mind seeing a little bit of texture on the land.
He had texture on there earlier but had decided to remove it.
Yep - nothing quite looked right, and I like the contrast between the land and the water.
thenobodies80 wrote:The only two things that i see are:
- finish the veracruz coast line in the top right inset
- Make better T letters in the phrase " ports on the same sea connect......" in the other inset
Fixed them both; also joined up a line in the Central region on the main map, where I had removed a mountain at some point
RedBaron0 wrote:and the small map.
Are we all done?
Previous Version- 31st August 2010
- Here's another quick update. I've made some minor tweaks to colours and some name placements. The sea names are now in Spanish too.
Previous Version - 25th August 2010
Previous Version - 6th August 2010
- I've played around with the colour scheme a little bit, and am happy with it the way it was originally (with some minor tweaks to the paler central regions).
- The mountains have been redrawn, and I'm actually quite happy with them, which makes a change for me - I've also filled in the gaps so it's much more obvious where the impassables actually are.
- The only obvious thing I can see that I still need to finalise is the minimap... unless anybody else can tell me otherwise?
Previous Version - 1st July 2010
Here are the changes:
- I've taken on board most of the suggestions; I've opened up the mountains between San Luis and Tamaulipas to make that area not so linear.
- The mountains between Michoacan and Edo. Mex. have similarly been removed to open up the Central region a little more.
- I've removed the Baja +1 bonus, and bumped Noroeste back up to 4, although I could be persuaded to drop it back down to three as it feels like it should be 3.5!
- Graphically, I've made the central area more yellow, and to be honest I preferred it red. The Eagle on the Mexico flag is much more brown than yellow, but brown looked even worse (and too similar to the unplayable areas).
- I've taken off the texture from the land, and actually like the sleek modern look it gives the map.
- As for the port icons, I really don't want to switch to an anchor; the icon I've designed doubles up really nicely as an army circle, and (in my opinion) fits the map quite nicely.
Previous Version - 25th June 2010
- I've had another look at the bonus regions, and think the map works slightly better with two in the middle. With that in mind, I've added in some more impassable mountains in sensible places, and tweaked some of the bonus values. Thoughts?
Previous Version - 27th May 2009
- The borders have more of a Mexican/Aztec feel to them now, and I've incorporated the colours from the national flag too. I've extended some of the mountain ranges towards the middle of the map, and have redrawn the Ports/Docks; I've tried to create a motif that vaguely fits the theme, but is distinctly port-esque.
To Do:
-The borders and Anillo Centro inset need to be redrawn; to make it more clear what goes where.
-Once the location of the mountains has been confirmed, they need to be redrawn to.
-It would be nice to add a third port on the West side to balance out the ports bonus.
Any and all feedback is welcome
Previous Version - 4th May 2009
- Here's my first update... I've resized to work on the large image first. Several of the layers had been flattened from fumandomuerte's working image, and I think he was using different software in any case.
The text layers were all rasterised, so I've taken the liberty of changing the font (it was very blurry when I resized it). I've added something of a traditional Mexican art feeling to the map by adding a border and and a motif to the sea texture. I think the sea now helps to lift the map a little.
I've moved the inset and minimap around, but still have a bit of work to do to get them up to scratch. Likewise, the mountains will need a bit of a revamp too.
Before I spend too much time redoing graphics etc, I'd like to get the gameplay hammered out. The bonuses feel balanced between the North and the South, and I think the values are about right. What I'm not too keen on are the numbers of borders in/out of Anillo Centro (the red region on the inset). So, Discussion Requested = Gameplay


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Gay/Bi Men Hung Out to Dry in HIV Research?
November 6, 2012
This article first appeared on PositiveLite.com, Canada's Online HIV Magazine.
The place of gay/bi men in our response to the HIV epidemic has changed. (And I say "gay/bi men" because I dislike seeing the term MSM -- men who have sex with men -- outside the realm of epidemiology.) Once, in those early days of the epidemic, we were both leaders and the focus of everything about HIV. But over time, and as other at-risk groups became more affected by the disease, that all changed. It had to.
So in looking at where gay/bi men stand today, there is history to be considered here. There are also political minefields to be avoided, and I'll try to do that too, because in highlighting the plight of one group it is too easy to neglect the needs of others. That is not my intention here at all.
Gay/bi men have always been generous in sharing the table. They remain doggedly so today. But sharing the table means sharing the spotlight also. And not just the spotlight -- money, prevention efforts, research priorities all need to be shared, so gay/bi men get a thinner share of the wedge than reflected in the proportion of those affected. In 2012 that wedge can be very thin indeed. And nowhere is this more apparent than in the advances in science that have opened up the prospect of a more robust approach to curbing the epidemic as a whole, but less so for gay/bi men.
Here's what we've seen in the last four years, the thin wedge in action.
The Swiss Study
While it was widely dismissed at the time, this statement was revolutionary. Here's what CATIE said back then:
"The Swiss commission said that a person with HIV/AIDS (PHA) would be sexually non-infectious if that person: a) is taking highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with excellent adherence, b) has an undetectable viral load for the past six consecutive months, c) is in a stable and monogamous relationship and d) neither partner has a sexually transmitted infection (STI). The statement was an expert opinion based on a small number of studies in heterosexual people, but the implications were huge. If true, the statement seemed to say that some people with HIV might not need to use condoms every time they have sex."
But note that this study was on heterosexual couples. Organizations like the AIDS Committee of Toronto (ACT) were quick to suggest that this didn't change the need for condoms and to distance themselves from any suggestion that gay/bi men with undetectable viral loads were potentially less capable of transmitting the virus than those with higher viral loads. The message was, in fact, clearly "business as usual" for gay/bi men.
Dubbed "the trial that changed everything" (but clearly not for gay/bi men), this was essentially the evidence that the Swiss had been on to something, and this time the findings were more accepted. CATIE said this:
"That trial showed that in serodiscordant couples -- where one partner is HIV positive and the other negative -- potent combination therapy for HIV (increasingly called ART instead of HAART nowadays) can significantly reduce the risk of HIV transmission between heterosexual couples."
Said CATIE's James Wilton in an interview with me: "We really don't know if the relative risk-reduction while on treatment will be the same for gay men as for heterosexual couples." Wilton did acknowledge that some researchers felt that there might not be much difference. Still, business as usual was the message when it came to condom use, a message disputed by some poz gay/bi men who argued that condoms are less safe than having an undetectable viral load.
Treatment as Prevention Not Working for MSM?
Despite the inherent logic, not to mention evidence, that reducing viral load reduces infectiousness, all other things being equal, treatment as prevention is now being suggested as ineffective in gay/bi men. Prominent Canadian researcher Barry Adam's presentation on this topic at AIDS 2012 was summarized thus: "Fifteen years after the introduction of ART, no decline in HIV incidence among MSM is evident in advanced, industrial countries. So far there is a lack of evidence that the treatment-as-prevention strategy is having the predicted effect in the population that makes up the largest part of the epidemic in countries with universal access to treatment." Adam pointed to recent rises in MSM infection rates in British Columbia where treatment-as-prevention practices are in effect. Meanwhile, other sources, like this one, suggest that widespread use of antiretroviral therapy, a cornerstone of treatment as prevention, has led to stabilizing of the epidemic in MSM despite increases in risk behavior. Who to believe?
Lack of Research
There seems to be general agreement that gay men are under-researched. It has been suggested only 5% of HIV research in Canada is specific to gay/bi men. And the gaps are major indeed. Four years after the Swiss Study we still have no indication whether those landmark findings apply to gay/bi men because zero research has been published on this topic. Given that gay/bi men are most affected by the epidemic that situation strikes me as shocking.
Meanwhile MSM infections are on the rise. While not the only demographic where there is an upwardly trending rate of new infections, MSM have recently regained their place as accounting for the majority of new infections in Ontario. In fact that percentage has risen sharply in Ontario over the last five years from 39.8% in 2006 to 51.4% in 2012 to date. The reasons for why this might be happening are complex and varied -- but is neglect of an entire demographic one of them?
No Easy Answers
Here in Canada, we have an odd infrastructure where we have a variety of government-financed groups that represent almost every at-risk group you can think of -- women, people of color, youth, prison inmates, injection drug users, trans folks, children with HIV. But where is the group that advocates specifically for gay/bi men? Answer: there isn't one. So there are structural issues to be addressed here.
We are so used to hearing other marginalized groups vying for attention that it feels almost awkward to suggest that gay/bi men need to advocate for their share of the pie, however you define it, too. But I think we do, or the status quo will reign on.
Individually and collectively, we can also be more challenging. As a community we suffer tragically from "group think," believing everything we are told -- that HPTN 052 doesn't apply to us, that the semen of undetectable gay/bi men is dangerously loaded with virus (it hardly ever is), that condoms are the answer to everything. The result? Inertia. We just all need to be more questioning.
In short, we need to appear more needy. Still seen by some as the spoiled brats of the movement, in 2102 gay/bi men are decidedly not. So let's make noise again.
We deserve a better deal.
More From This Resource Center
Undetectable Viral Load and HIV Prevention: What Do Gay and Bi Men Need to Know?
Do HIV-Negative Gay Men Need Condoms if They're on PrEP? Here's What I Tell My Patients
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Colbie Caillat
Pop singer Colbie Caillat comes off as a sunny person on albums such as her latest, "All of You," and previous efforts "Coco" (2007) and "Breakthrough" (2009), but she admits that's not always true in real life. "I'm glad people see me that way. I'm from Southern California, and I have roots in Hawaii. I grew up listening to positive vocal bases," says Caillat, who names artists including Fleetwood Mac, Lauryn Hill, Bob Marley, James Taylor, Tom Petty and John Mayer as musical influences. But, she says, "I'm not always happy. But I try to turn my songs around. If I'm in a bad mood, I'll turn it around, figure out how I can make it better." 7 p.m. Friday at Ravinia, Lake-Cook and Green Bay roads, Highland Park; $27 and $55; 847-266-5100 or ravinia.org
Copyright © 2019, Chicago Tribune


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Nicole Weber
September 27, 2013
It's that time of year when 2Ls who are lucky enough to have multiple offers for summer associate positions must make their big decision. If you have yet to accept an offer, you are likely wrestling with some serious questions that will not only shape your upcoming summer, but the rest of your career. It is extremely important to have a positive summer experience during which you get to know your future colleagues, try your hand at some serious legal work, and hopefully, secure yourself an offer of full-time employment. It takes two to tango in this respect—the onus is on summer associates to make the most of their experience, but firms must lay the groundwork for that to happen.
What makes a great summer associate program?
In this year's Vault Associate Survey we asked associates to rate their firm's summer program in two respects. First, associates were asked to rate, on a scale of 1 to 10, the extent to which they agreed with the statement that the firm's program "prepared me well for life as an attorney." Next, they were asked to indicate the extent to which they agreed with the statement that "the summer program was fun." The scores provided by associates in their first through third years were then tabulated to produce Vault's rankings for Summer Associate Program that Best Prepares for Practice ("Best Preparation"), Most Fun Summer Associate Program, and Best Overall Summer Associate Program (an average of the scores for the two categories). Attorneys were also invited to comment on the firm's summer program.
Comments from associates who raved about their firm's programs reveal some of the secret ingredients of a first rate summer associate experience. Whether or not you have offers from these particular firms, the comments we received offer advice about what to look for in a summer associate program, and what you might expect when you report to work in May.
Venable LLP's summer program claimed the #1 spot in both the Best Overall and Best Preparation categories. Venable's program, which associates described as "amazing" and "excellent," "dedicates time and energy to integrating the summer associates into substantive work projects, while making sure that everyone has a good time." The effect of this personal touch is that "each summer feels cared about and then in turn cares about the next class." Enthusiasm and participation from attorneys across the firm—not just the hiring partners and recruiting department—makes summers feel welcome. One associate commented: "Leaders of the summer associate program do a great job of rounding up all attorneys at the firm and encouraging them to identify at least one project, if not more, to engage in with a summer associate. Definitely a firm-wide effort." The ability to try out different types of work is also a crucial feature: "I did substantive legal work from day one and built several relationships that continue to shape my life as a junior associate. I was able to experience a variety of practice areas, and came away with a firm idea of the work I wanted to do." Certainly, hands-on exposure to multiple practice areas will help you make a well-informed choice at summer's end about what group you want to join. But what about fun? At Venable, "summer events were well-planned, well-spaced and enjoyable, but not so much as to be overkill." Because wining and dining is well and good, but in this tough economy, 2Ls are more likely to be focused on getting their work done rather than partying it up several nights a week on the firm's dime.
Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP's summer program claimed the #3 spot for Best Overall and was ranked #2 for Best Preparation. Unanimously, associates reported that the summer at Cravath is a rehearsal for the real deal: "They don't sugar-coat the experience, aside from the fancy lunches." As one attorney articulated, "At Cravath, summer associates should be prepared to work harder than at other firms. [They] get a real experience of what it is like to be a full-time associate here." Associates appreciated the "great preview" of Cravath life due to the fact that "[t]here are no 'fake' assignment and one is treated like a junior associate," for better or for worse. So what exactly does it mean to be treated like a regular Cravath associate? One lawyer fondly recalled the summer as follows: "I was billing 90 hour weeks. Honestly, I'm grateful, as I knew exactly what I was getting myself into and I had amazing experience. It wasn't 'fun' but it was what I needed." Another associate was "assigned to a deal team and acted as the junior associate until I left. Not as much fun as my friends had elsewhere, but there were plenty of social events and I knew exactly what to expect when I started in the fall two years later." Cravath lawyers would not trade the firm's rigorous program for something more cushy; it "probably makes for less interesting discussions about boondoggles during 3L, but it's honest and in the end, the best thing for summers."
Similarly, Bingham McCutchen LLP's highly ranked summer program (#5 Best Overall, #4 Best Preparation) focuses on providing 2Ls with an authentic foray into associate life. "Summers participate in a work flow system similar to what they'll experience as junior associates and get work that is very realistic in terms of amount and substantive level." Associates appreciate the "high quality work" they received as summers, which "can be intense, but it prepares you for the rigors of private practice and is very rewarding." As for fun, "There are still a few activities, but the very small summer associate classes of recent years make it difficult to replicate the heyday of summer classes gone by."
Gibson Dunn & Crutcher LLP's summer program (#8 Best Overall, #5 Most Fun, #24 Best Preparation) aims to achieve more harmony between work and play. One associate commented, "Gibson's summer program, unlike many others, actually is a lot of work. I bill a lot more and have a lot less fun now than I did as a summer, but I think the summer is a solid intro to firm culture and I got to see (but not experience) the life I would have as a junior associate." Another stated that the program "had a nice balance of work and fun. Although I did not have the work level, the stress was very much there, and I felt like I was really a part of the firm and the teams I worked with." In the end, "nothing prepares you for actually being an associate," so Gibson attorneys appreciated the chance to enjoy summer activities and delay the onset of reality just a little longer.
What about all the fancy dinners and karaoke parties?
While working hard is important, there's nothing wrong with a summer program that is heavy on the fun. And there's always this consolation, aptly stated by a former summer associate from a firm that shall remain nameless: "The summer program borderline conceals real life at the firm on the one hand, but also helps you cope with it since you now have so many friends in the same boat with you when things get bad after the summer's over." The list below highlights some of the top-ranked firms for Most Fun Summer Associate Program, as well as comments from junior associates who spent their summers at those firms:
Shook, Hardy & Bacon L.L.P.(Summer Associate Program Rankings: #2 Most Fun, #8 Best Overall)
Irell & Manella LLP (Summer Associate Program Rankings: #3 Most Fun, #10 Best Overall)
Linklaters LLP (Summer Associate Program Rankings: #6 Most Fun, #23 Best Overall)
Ropes & Gray(Summer Associate Program Rankings: #7 Most Fun, #31 Best Overall)
Long gone are the days of bacchanialan law firm summers, but that doesn't mean you will have zero fun. Firms still want to impress 2Ls in the hopes that they will join their future ranks. But as the comments above indicate, each firm has its own approach when it comes to social events, integrating summers into associate life, and providing associates with assignments that mirror what they would actually do as a junior attorney. At certain firms, a research memo that a junior associate would be expected to produce in two days might be assigned to a summer associate with a deadline of two weeks. At others, a summer associate might be assigned to a deal team and be expected to burn the midnight oil along with everyone else.
Which program is right for me?
If you have yet to make your decision about which offer to accept, consider your top priorities. Don't be shy about asking pointed questions on second look visits or over email with your contacts at the firm. Not sure BigLaw is for you? You may want to choose a program that accurately mirrors associate life so that you can make an informed decision later on. 100% sure you will be spending at least a couple years in BigLaw? Nothing wrong with enjoying yourself at a place that makes a grand effort to wine and dine its summer class while you still have the opportunity.
To see the full list of Vault's Summer Associate rankings, click here.
Read More:
The 10 Most Fun Law Firms for Summer Associates
Halloween Preview: Scariest Law Firms
September 18, 2013
Overqualified is Not Out of Luck
January 3, 2013
Diverse Attorneys Making Progress but Still Behind on Partne
September 27, 2011
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