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Men's short-sleeve stretch cotton T-shirt
Scuderia Ferrari Store Exclusive
This men's short-sleeve Scuderia Ferrari T-shirt features a graphic print of the Shield in the middle.
The distinctive feature of this short-sleeve T-shirt is the play of horizontal lines in different shades, which frame the Shield in the middle, here in a minimal and graphic version, lending the garment an unusual dynamic effect. The light and durable stretch cotton provides a perfect fit. The collar and lower rear part of the Scuderia Ferrari T-shirt are made of rib knit in contrasting colors. The iconic Shield appears on the left sleeve, and there is a label with the Scuderia Ferrari logo on the edge.
- Shield on the sleeve
- Fabric Scuderia Ferrari label
- Composition: 96% Cotton, 4% Elastane
We offer both Standard and Express shipping: choose the service that best meets your needs at checkout.
We provide an easy return service: just ship your items back to us with a shipping service of your choice within 30 days of delivery.

subset: commoncrawl


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Queen Boudica is 4 months old, a pinscer mix who will be a medium-sized dog. She is very smart and already housetrained. Call Maranatha Farm at 816-6676 or visit www.maranathafarm.org for details.
This special needs little girl will steal your heart. Agnes was found by an employee of JARM, outside and alone up the street from the shelter facility. This sweet chihuahua mix is about 3 years old and completely blind. We don't know her story, or why she was outside alone, but no one has come to claim her. Blind dogs do exceptionally well in the right atmosphere, and offer much love. For more information on Agnes, call 726-7799 or visit www.JARMission.org.
Heathcliff has been at our shelter since the beginning of the year. This super sweet boy has really had a rough time. He has been treated for heartworms, had an eye injury that caused him to lose his eye and was treated for ear mites that have left his ear flaps scarred. He can put this past aside now and look forward to a healthy future with a family with older children that will care for him. For more information on Healthcliff or any of the animals at the Hilton Head Humane Association call 681-8686 or visit www.hhhumane.org
Bruno is a young Chesapeake retriever/Boykin spaniel mix. He would be the perfect river dog for a fun-loving family. Contact Brooke's Haven Animal Rescue, 25 Buck Island Road, go to www.brookeshaven.org or call 757-7387. Hours are 8 a.m.-6 p.m. Monday-Friday, 8 a.m.-1 p.m. Saturday, 2 p.m.-4 p.m. Sunday.
The following pets are from Noah's Ark Rescue. They are all house- and crate-trained, vaccinated, neutered or spayed, micro-chipped, and heartworm negative. They adopt out of state. Call 843-540-6755 for more information, or go to www.noahs-arks.net.
Jack is a 4-month -old Husky mix and left as the last of his litter. He is the most adorable puppy with the sweetest personality. He is happy, healthy and ready to start his life with his forever family. He loves everybody and everything.
Rover is a 1-year-old lab mix who was found on the side of the road. Our vet had to remove one of his front legs. Rover is a happy, healthy "tripod" and ready to rock your world. He loves all animals, children and people. He would make one lucky family a perfect family member.
Belle is a 7-year-old, beautiful pitbull that was hit by a car. Belle is a pain-free, happy, small girl who gives smiles and kisses all day long. She also gets along well with other larger, balanced dogs. She loves people and children.
Java is an 2-year-old pitbull. Java gets along well with other medium and large dogs. He loves children and people. He is very energetic and needs lots of exercise. He would fit perfectly in an active household.
Gypsy is a 2- 3-year-old golden retriever mix. She was found in an abandoned burned down restaurant. She is healthy and as sweet as a dog can be. She loves people, kids and all other animals. We would love for her to have a home with a fenced-in yard and some other dog companions. She could still be a little shy in new situations with new people, and takes a little time to warm up.
Diamond is a 5- 6-month-old dachshund-mix puppy who was picked up by Animal Control as a stray. He was in rough shape and was limping on one of his back legs. He is now a happy, healthy puppy who loves life and everybody. He gets along great with all animals. Diamond will always be a small dog.
Romeo is a 4-year-old boxer mix. He was found as a stray and showed all signs of neglect but still was the friendliest dog ever. He is a little shy at first but loves people, children and dogs. He gets along best with female dogs and well-balanced male dogs. Because of his past experiences he needs a little more time to warm up to men.
Dally is a 1-year-old dalmatian mix. This adorable pup was shot at close range with the gun held against her body. She lost one of her back legs. Dally is the most incredible, sweet dog, and as playful, happy and healthy a puppy can be. She gets along with everybody and plays well with other dogs. She is very energetic and needs a yard to run and play. Because of her past experiences, she takes a little more time to warm up to men.


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Fortune announced today that former GE CEO Jack Welch had decided to quit contributing to the publicatio n after it was critical of his pot-stirring jobs report conspiracy tweet.
From Fortune's Stephen Gandel:
Jack Welch has left our building, metaphorically that is.
Welch said he will no longer contribute to Fortune following critical coverage of the former CEO of General Electric, saying he would get better "traction" elsewhere. On Friday, Welch suggested that the Obama administration, calling them "these Chicago guys," had manipulated the monthly jobs report in order to make the economy look better than it actually is just weeks before the election. Welch has been battered by criticism since making the suggestion on Twitter.
This story, headlined "Obama trounces Welch's jobs record" and noting that GE lost 100,000 jobs with Welch as CEO, might have been the tipping point. Welch sent an email to Fortune afterward announcing he would no longer contribute.
Welch faced roundabout criticism after he suggested that President Barack Obama's campaign "changed" the jobs numbers because they "can't debate" in a tweet immediately after the Bureau of Labor Statistics announced that the unemployment rate had fallen to 7.8 percent. He defended his tweet no less than three other times during the day on Friday.// OO.ready(function() { OO.Player.create('ooyalaplayer', 'FnZ2wzNjrQp3_r3-UCNfdzSGPNmVVVT8'); }); //


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Requires no prep time. Easy to consume. Fast. Immediately satisfying, yet leaves you wanting more. I could be describing a bag of potato chips or Twitter. Both "feeds" have much in common, and neither experience is necessarily good for you.
A recent Pew report that adult users are taking breaks from Facebook got me thinking of the junk food analogy. Are people really going on social media diets?
Its common to wax poetic about the infinite benefits of using social media, and I get the real, society-changing potential of P2P tech. Only now I've got this junk food idea in my head, and I can't help but wonder whether our celebration of social isn't tantamount to praising the merits of triple-decker chocolate cake.
There's an underlying story about nutrition to be told, only none of the experts are telling it.
The social effects of social media are mixed, at best. Trust in institutions is at all-time lows. Political discourse is harder, as is any consensus action, because the collaborative promise of an online global village has morphed into an endless number of walled and locked enclaves of exclusionary ideologies. Customers expect more, get less, and are therefore forced to complain in order to get satisfaction. Loyalty to brands is lower than ever before. The vast majority of social media users are really spectators who aren't collaborating as much as consuming, and doing so with declining conviction and civility.
It's interesting that many of the digerati who promote these behaviors are social only with one another, as if they're well-toned celebrity chefs who are talking to themselves in their kitchens while avoiding the fattening meals they prepare for their customers.
The individual effects of social media are equally mixed, and many of the negatives are anecdotal. The tech encourages bad spelling and inhibits students' ability to concentrate. Its interruptions impede workplace productivity just as its promoters push for more use. More broadly, heavy social media use can produce anti-social behavior, increased social isolation, and prompt instances of bullying.
Again, I get the good stuff. I use social tools to connect with family and friends every day. But a steady diet of it may be no different for my mind than a daily bag of chips and a Big Gulp for my gut.
What if communicating faster, shorter, and more often isn't inherently good, and shouldn't automatically require us to rewrite the rules of society to emulate it? Just because an individual or corporation can post or tweet doesn't mean they should, does it? Does every new tech invention -- Twitter's Vine, for instance -- demand our unquestioning embrace?
I just published a short book about the challenges and trade-offs of communicating in brief symbols vs. textual arguments, entitled A Thousand Words. It turns out we're biologically predisposed to like visual stimuli; we don't have to learn a language to decode it, and its effects are visceral and immediate. Short bursts of words require little of us beyond similarly quick reactions.
It's not necessarily better, however.
Much of history has been written when we've overcome these natural proclivities, and chosen instead to use words and reasoned textual arguments. It's how we've learned to understand and collaborate with one another in every aspect of our lives, from reaching political consensus to the ways brands established relationships with customers. Historically, relying on brief communication, no matter how enjoyably it's experienced, has been a tool for social control, not empowerment.
The social media genie escaped its bottle long ago, and I truly believe that the idea of peer-to-peer connectivity has immense promise for our lives.
But much of today's social media experiences amount to little more than tasty bags of mental potato chips. There's a powerful and mostly-unquestioned lobby that tells us to have another one, and then another one, so institutions and brands happily up their chip production and then wonder why consumers aren't happy with what they get.
Maybe that dieting idea makes sense?


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Gaffney, S.C. – In their second day of the Labor Day Tournament at Limestone College, the Lady Cobras failed to pick up a win in two matches. Coker lost their first match of the day 3-1 to North Greenville and then fell to Newberry College in their afternoon match 3-1 as well.
After the two day tournament the Lady Cobras are now 1-6 overall and 0-1 in Conference Carolinas play.
In the North Greenville match the Lady Cobras lost sets 1, 3, and 4 with scores of 25-13, 25-22 and 25-19, while picking up a win in set 2, 25-15.
Cynallyhia Indriago (Columbia, S.C.) led the attack with nine kills and four digs, while Molly Bookhart (Orangeburg, S.C.) had seven kills, five digs, five assists and three aces, with Kristin Teets (Columbia, S.C.) knocking down six kills and five blocks. Abby Frame (Sylvania, Ohio) had 21 assists and four digs.
The Newberry match saw much of the same, as Newberry won sets 1,2 and four with scores of 25-9, 25-15 and 25-14 and Coker won the third set, 25-22.
Lisa Ross (Bowling Green, Ky.) was the kill leader with 10 kills, while Teets had seven kills and Indriago had five. Frame dished out 21 assists and Samantha Bryant (North Augusta, S.C.) had five digs for the Lady Cobras.
Coker returns to the court on Tuesday, when they travel to Mount Olive College for a Conference Carolinas match at 7:00 p.m.


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After just completing the éS South by Southwest Tour, the éS Team is back at it again for the éS Tour After Tour to the North East. Join Mike Anderson, Justin Eldridge, John Rattray, Bobby Worrest, Rodrigo TX, Jimmy McDonald, Josh Mathews, Ben Raemers and Kevin Terpening* as they tear up spots near you.
September 4th @ Krudco in Rochester, NY
September 5th @ Sunday in Buffalo, NY
September 8th @ NJ Skateshop in Hoboken, NJ
September 9th @ Kinetic in Wilmington, DE
September 12th @ PITCREW in Frederick, MD
September 15th @ Rise in Carmel, IL
September 18th @ Uprise in Chicago, IL
September 19th @ Phase 2 in Milwaukee, WI
Check out eSskateboarding.com/tour for daily updates and tour photos.


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December 31, 2017 - 25th Annual New Year's Eve Service
25th Annual New Year's Eve Service
Photography by: Mark L. Dennis and Jay L. Baker
Privacy Policy
Terms of Use
250 City Hall, Baltimore, MD 21202
Phone (410) 396-3835Fax (410) 576-9425
Copyright © 2014 City of Baltimore & Catherine E. Pugh, Mayor.
All Rights Reserved.
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Developing: Michael Steinberg, a longtime portfolio manager at Steve Cohen's SAC Capital, was arrested and charged with several counts of conspiracy and insider trading Friday in the latest blow to the hedge-fund giant.
Continue Reading Below
Steinberg was indicted in Manhattan federal court with four counts of securities fraud and one count of conspiracy to commit securities fraud. The charges stem from alleged insider trades in NVidia (NASDAQ:NVDA) starting in late 2007 and going through 2009 and ones in Dell (NASDAQ:DELL) in 2008 through 2009. He pleaded not guilty and was released on $3 million bond, according to a report by The Wall Street Journal.
Click here to read the full indictment.
Barry Berke, Steinberg's attorney and a partner at Kramer Levin Naftalis & Frankel LLP, told FOX Business Steinberg's "trading decisions were based on detailed analysis as well as information that he understood had been properly obtained through the types of channels that institutional investors rely upon on a daily basis." Berke also said his client did "absolutely nothing wrong."
The U.S. government alleges Steinberg obtained material non-public information about Dell and NVidia through a complex network of consultants and other sources. In one such example from 2008, the government alleges Steinberg, through the network, received information that Dell's gross margins would be "materially lower than market expectations." Steinberg allegedly executed a large short position in the PC-maker -- a bet that the stock will fall -- based on that information.
"Steinberg was at the center of an elite criminal club, where cheating and corruption were rewarded," FBI Assistant Director George Venizelos said in a statement. "Research was nothing more than well-timed tips from an extensive network of well-sourced analysts."
However, SAC pushed back at those allegations, telling FOX Business, "Mike (Steinberg) has conducted himself professionally and ethically during his long tenure at the firm." The company added that it believes him to be a "man of integrity."
A spokesperson for the Federal Bureau of Investigation New York field office told FOX Business Steinberg was arrested at 6 a.m. ET "without incident."
Steinberg: A Longtime SAC Manager
Steinberg has worked as a portfolio manager at SAC Capital since 1997, working at times in the Sigma Capital Management unit that focused on the technology sector, according to court documents and media accounts. He also worked for the CR Intrinsic division, according to FOX Business' Charlie Gasparino. He is currently still at the firm, but on leave, according to an official with knowledge of the matter.
Steinberg was a close associate of SAC's founder, Steve Cohen – a titan in the hedge fund industry. Stamford, Connecticut-based SAC manages some $14 billion in assets, but has come under fire in recent months amid allegations portfolio managers were pushed hard to gain a trading edge – sometimes stepping over the line into insider trading. Cohen has not been accused of wrongdoing.
Indeed, earlier this month, Sigma and CR Intrinsic settled a civil insider trading case with the Securities and Exchange Commission for $614 million in the biggest such settlement in history. This follows the November arrest of Mathew Martoma, a former SAC portfolio manager who allegedly gleaned insider information on a key Alzheimer's drug via an expert consulting network and then traded on it for SAC. He is accused of making $216 million in profits and dodged losses for the fund, and pleaded not guilty in January.


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NEW YORK (AP) – The New York Yankees say they are finished flashing hand signals from the stands – at least for now.
General manager Brian Cashman confirmed that the team received a call Saturday from the commissioner's office inquiring about a club employee relaying information to players after each pitch on opening day.
The Daily News reported Saturday that broadcaster Keith Olbermann, a New York season-ticket holder, put a photo on Twitter of Brett Weber, a Yankees baseball operations coaching assistant, holding up four fingers toward the field during Thursday's game against the Detroit Tigers.
Weber was sitting behind home plate and wearing a headset.
Major League Baseball rules prohibit club staff from using hand signals to communicate pitch types or speeds to players.
Cashman said there was a simple explanation: The Yankee Stadium scoreboard was on the fritz, so Weber was just providing the sort of post-pitch details that normally appear for all to see, such as "93 mph fastball."
"The scoreboard went down. He was relaying after the fact with his fingers to some hitters who wanted it what the velocity was, pitches to the opposing teams' hitter, to the guy on deck," Cashman said. "There's nothing to hide. We've got nothing to hide."
Cashman said Weber wears headphones during home games so he can communicate with the scoreboard operator, relaying pitch information that can be displayed in center field for the fans' enjoyment.
Cashman said Joe Garagiola Jr., baseball's new disciplinarian, spoke Saturday morning with Yankees vice president and assistant general manager Jean Afterman about the issue. Cashman said there was no mention of any potential punishment and he thought Garagiola was satisfied with the team's explanation.
"I think he recognizes the fact that there's no real advantage here. But at the same time there is a bulletin out that says you're not supposed to do that. We explained to him that the first inning the scoreboard was reading 912 mph, so normally that stuff's out there," Cashman said. "I think it's really silly, personally. But we provided all information in a truthful and honest way to Joe."
Cashman said he thinks Garagiola plans to review the policy next week with former Yankees manager Joe Torre, now MLB's executive vice president for baseball operations.
In the meantime, the Yankees will put a stop to those hand signals from the stands.
"We're not going to do it until they resolve what they want," Cashman said.
Regardless, the GM was surprised by all the "blogosphere" buzz on Friday.
"It's probably more work talking about than it's worth," Cashman said. "The psychotics that obsessed about it all day yesterday, I think we all did 'em a favor by keeping them off the street and preventing them from hurting others."


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Chicago, Illinois
|Kenosha, Wisconsin
|Holland, Michigan
|South Bend, Indiana
|Lafayette, Indiana
Today's location: not yet announced
The Chicago, IL graticule is located at latitude 41, longitude -87. It includes almost the entire city proper (excluding the area north of Devon Ave), the south suburbs, Kankakee, Gary and NW Indiana.
Proposed graticule shift[edit]
Chicago is not entirely in one graticule. The northern part shares a second graticule with much of the suburbs, Kenosha, and southern Milwaukee. Since this graticule is mostly Lake Michigan, it will be rare that it gets to meet. The Chicago graticule also excludes many of the suburbs. A possible solution to this problem would be using a shifted graticule divided on the half-degree lines extending from 41.5 to 42.5 degrees north and from 87.5 to 88.5 degrees west. This would be a smaller proportion lake than either of the two Chicago graticules. It would also be almost entirely contained within Illinois. The proposed area would include very nearly all of Cook County, as well as all of DuPage and Lake Counties, most of Kane, Kendall, McHenry, and Will Counties, and very small parts of Indiana and Wisconsin. This would include all the important cities of the Chicago area, including Chicago, Aurora, Elgin, Evanston, Joliet, Naperville, Schaumburg, and Waukegan. It would exclude Kenosha and Gary, but they are in other states. Also, this would separate Chicago from Milwaukee.
Four-graticule proposal[edit]
Another possible solution would be, in addition to the Chicago graticule, to consider the three graticules immediately to the west, northwest, and north of it, and out of those four locations, select whichever is closest to the city center (and is not underwater). This solution was first proposed by "Gylbert" on the xkcd Blag, though in relation to Calgary, not Chicago. See the Gylbert Algorithm.
Notable Dates[edit]
| Virgletati earned the Virgin Graticule Achievement
Alternate simple solutions[edit]
On days when the meeting point falls within Lake Michigan, meetings are moved horizontally and only horizontally to the nearest beach. This allows for more reachable locations (Metra helps here) and more frequent meetups.
Likewise, on days when the hash point falls in the lake, use the hash point in the graticule directly to the west.
Official Meetup[edit]
In accordance with the Main Page, the official meetup of the 41,-87 graticule will be held every Saturday at 4pm Central time.
- The first Saturday meetup (05-24-2008): Happened! But only one person showed.
- The meetup for (06-07-2008): Four of us drove down from the city. Nice little spot right off of the road. We were a few minutes late and did not see anyone else there. Pictures were taken but they remain on a cell phone that I do not have access to.
- The meetup for (06-21-2008): Five people total showed up at the suggested alternate location, a beach near Uptown.
- The meetup for (07-25-2009): One person showed up. Was in a residential neighborhood in the suburbs.
- The meetup for Feb 16, 2013: zhukant and lrbrink90 stamped their feet on a freezing sidewalk then ate Subway sandwiches in their car in Oriole Park.
- The meetup for Dec 14, 2013: nesbiteg walked through the fresh snow to a point just off the Lakefront Trail in Uptown.
Other Visits[edit]
If you visited a point on a date/time other than Saturday at 4:00 PM, put it here.
- 2016-07-02 41 -87: Haberdasher and tag-along friend in a front yard in Elmhurst.
- 2015-09-20 41 -87: Haberdasher in a parking lot in Oak Brook.
- 2015-05-28 41 -87: OtherJack, Mystrsyko, & Dolphintreasure met in the Brighton Park area.
- 2014-11-20 41 -87: Solo expedition by Thomcat in Eastside.
- 2014-07-12 41 -87: Haberdasher and OtherJack in Countryside.
- 2014-07-05 41 -87: Mystrsyko and Haberdasher in North Riverside.
- 2013-12-27 41 -87: OtherJack and Haberdasher on Northerly Island.
- 2013-04-15 41 -87: Herdingbats gets close to a hash on the railroad tracks.
- 2013-01-07 41 -87: Haberdasher outside a building in Bellwood.
- 2012-12-22 41 -87: Haberdasher in a forest preserve in Darien, IL.
- 2012-11-17 41 -87: OtherJack and 2pacchacha encountered Summit, IL
- 2012-08-13 41 -87: Haberdasher at a mall in Calumet City.
- 2012-07-05 41 -87: Haberdasher on a residential road in Schiller Park.
- 2012-03-01 41 -87: RocketMac found a geohash and won a charity poker tournament for his camp!
- 2009-06-04 41 -87: Jachim visited the hash, but it was inside a building with no access.
- 2009-04-18 41 -87: Virgletati got a speed racer hash in Kankakee.
- 2009-03-27 41 -87: Solo geohasher excursion by Nathan to the middle of a corn field north of Manteno, IL.
- 2009-03-21 41 -87: Virgletati went to the shore due west of a hashpoint in Lake Michigan.
- Bored on Thanksgiving '08 (11-27-2008): Just me out in the burbs somewhere.
- 2008-06-11 41 -87: YellowYoshi tried to reach a hashpoint, but it was on private property.
- 2008-06-06 41 -87: YellowYoshi tried to reach a hashpoint, but arrived after the cemetery in which it was located had closed.
Local Geohashers[edit]
- Typewriter
- jazmatician
- lrbrink90
- Herdingbats
- nesbiteg
- OtherJack occasionally
External Links[edit]
- Official Geohashing Coordinate Calculator - compute today's geohashed coordinates (available only after 10:30am Central).
- Official Atom feed for 41,-87


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Discussions of issues affecting Calgary's heritage sites
Moderator: newsposter
McMahon wrote:
Archer Road - 14st St. NE, North of Centre Ave. [Archer Road exists in 1956 map. It would seem from comparing with Google Earth that the current St. George's Drive was then 14A St.
Directly east of that was 14th St and then Hill Road. Archer Road was the most southern portion of 14th St (between Lambert and Centre) though I don't think Lambert extended across as far as the creek (as Centre did back then). If you look at Google Earth, 14th St doesn't exist now, but there is a pathway there that presumably would have been the road we're looking for.
Interestingly, the area now known as Tom Campbell's Hill south of Centre Ave once had streets running through it, which I never knew. It's coloured green on the map (indicating a park) but both Townsend St and Child Ave continue down to Memorial. There are other streets there but the only ones that are identified are St. David, Taprell, St. George's Avenue, 14A Street and then, outside the green area are 2nd Ave, 3A Ave, 4th Ave, 4A Ave and Creek Road (which was also on the "missing list".]
[In the 1956 map, all of these show up as the "renamed" street name which would seem to indicate that these were errors in the booklet. The one exception is Bagot/Baggot. Baggot appears on GE, but Bagot appears in the 1956 and a 2007 map.]
Chris E wrote:Jamieson Avenue - 10th St. and 5th Ave. NE to Centre Ave. and 13th St. (EXISTS, Shortened substantially) [1956 map shows Jamieson connecting up with Thomson Ave]
McDougall Road - 3rd St. NE and North of Memorial Drive (EXISTS, shortened due to 4th Ave Flyover, used to extent to at least 4th St NE) [Still exists as far as 4th St actually, well, it falls a few feet short]
Forget Avenue - 18th Ave., 7th to 9th Sts. West (EXISTS, RENAMED 18th Ave SW. French "For-jay?")
Metcalfe Street - 13th St. W, 17th to 22nd Ave. (RENAMED to 13th ST)
Nolan Street - 8th St. West, 30th to 32nd Ave. W (RENAMED to 8th SW)
Provost Street - 11th St. W, from 17th to 22nd Ave. (RENAMED to 11th ST)
Scarth Street - 18th Ave. and 1st St. W, near station (RENAMED TO 1st ST W)
Seabury Avenue - East of 15th St. East and St. Monica Avenue (Ran two blocks East of the this intersection. New road doesn't follow straight line path of this road)
Somerville Avenue - Centre-A St. on 6th Ave. NW (EXISTS, RENAMED to 6th Ave)
Sunnyside Boulevard - Centre St. Bridge, west to 10th St, North of Bow River (RENAMED to MEMORIAL DR)
VanWart Street - 11th St. West and 33rd Ave. to 34th Ave. (EXISTS, RENAMED 11 St)[None of the above names exist on 1956 map, just 12 years later, which would lead one to believe that the booklet was going off old data. I believe these books were produced every year. Presumably this information was just passed down every year without any updated research?]
Stanley Road - 1st St. East, 34th to 50th Ave. (EXISTS, segmented)
[Comparing 1956 with GE: Stanley Road begins at 34th Ave to Mission Road (this small section is now named Erlton Court; Erlton Road to the east was previously 1st St) The section on GE from 38A to 42nd is shown as being 1st St in 1956. The next section of Stanley Road shows up in 1956 between 44A Ave to 50th Ave and same on GE.]
Victoria Road - 2nd St. East from CNR South (RENAMED to MACLEOD TRAIL)
(NOTE: Historically MACLEOD TRAIL turned NE at 34th AVe (Now Spiller) and what continued over Cemetary Hill was Victoria Road.)[Although I'm aware of the existence of Victoria Road, I'll just point out that the 1956 map shows it as plain old 2nd St]
Amber Street - 40th Ave. and 14A St. West
*Broadway - 26th Ave. and 6th St. West
Briscoe Road - 39th Ave. and 14th St. West
Byers Street - 34th Ave. and 9th St. West
Cameron Street - 34th Ave. and 10A St. West
Clarke Street - 34th Ave. and 9A St. West
**Cottage Road - 5th St. W, South of 20th Ave. W
Elbow Avenue - 7a St. East, North of 12th Ave. East
Elgin Avenue - 26th Ave. and 6th St. West
Etta Street - 12A St., North of Memorial Drive
Ernscliffe Avenue - 43rd Ave. and Elbow Drive
Francis Avenue - East of 15th St. and 8th Ave. East
Herchemer Road - 21st St. NW and North of Westmount Boulevard
Hungerford Avenue - 24th Ave. and 2nd St. East
Jamieson Street - 34th Ave. and 12th St. West
McBride Road - 6A St. NE and South of Centre Ave.
Mount Pleasant Boulevard NE - 1st St. NE to 1st Ave. (TROLLY ROUTE? ALL THE WAY TO TUXEDO LOOP?)
Muir Place - 16th St. West and 22nd Ave. West
Niblock Street - 13th St. West and 34th Ave. W
Parkdale Road - 25th St. to 28th St. NW, North Bowness Road (PART OF PARKDAL BOUL?)
Rockcliffe Place - Near Sandy Beach, East of 14th St. and 50th Ave.
Ross Street - 34th Ave. and 10th St. West
Sandy Beach - East of 14th St. W and on 50th Ave. [Actually refers to the beach/park area known as Sandy Beach; no idea why it's in this list]
Sargent Avenue - 24th St. and 15th Ave. West
Sedley Street - 12th Ave. and 22nd St. West
Sedgewick Avenue - 24th St. West and 13th Ave.
Sherbrooke Avenue - 24th St. and 14th Ave. West
West Summit Street - 17th Ave. and 23rd St. West
Vaudriel Avenue - 32nd Ave. and 8th St. West
[None of the above appear in 1956]
* 4th St is know to be formerly named Broadway. [Yes, Broadway was what is now 4th St., from 17th Ave to 26th Ave (the area then known as Rouleauville, which was outside the city limits at that time - explaining why 4th within the city limits was known as Ross St) I have no idea why this book is locating it at 6th St, but the 26th Ave matches.]
** Google Maps shows Alternate 5th St name to be COLLEGE RD, perhaps cottage is a typo. [Possibly. A COLLEGE LANE exists in 1956, roughly two blocks away from the given address above]
*** 1966 map shows road from intersection of 24 Ave and 5 St SW, travelling SW meeting with intersection of Cliff St and 25 Ave SW, could be Elgin?
Archer Road - 14st St. NE, North of Centre Ave.
Road no longer exists, used to be just East of Hill Rd NE, travelling north from Centre Ave up to an extended Phair Ave NE
Blackfoot Trail - 15th St, NE and Memorial Drive, Nose Creek
Road no longer exists in this location, it began at the current intersection of Center Ave E and St George's Dr NE and travelled south in a fairly straight line down to Memorial Dr. The current St George's Drive quickly bends west away from the route of Blackfoot Trail/15th St
Centre-A Avenue - 4th St. W., South Bank Bow River
Road no longer exists. 4th and 5th St SW extended one block further north than current, and the road joining them was likely Centre-A. That block now taken up by "Eau Claire" condos, non of the extentions nor any east/west joining road exist now.
Creek Road - 15th St NE., Blackfoot Trail
Road no longer exists. This was possibly the north end of 15th St NE, extending north of Centre Ave and former Blackfoot Trail.
[It was actually just south of Memorial, where Centre Ave is now at the North American enclosure in the zoo.]
Daly Street - West of 6th St. W, North 1st Ave. to River
Road no longer exists. Travelled north to Prince's Island canal from 1st Ave 1/3 block West of 6th St SW. Formed West 1/2 of a loop, East half known as King Street. Grassed over.
King Street - 6th St. West, North of 1st Ave. to River
Road no longer exists. Travelled north to Prince's Island canal from 1st Ave 1/3 block East of 6th St SW. Formed East 1/2 of a loop, West half known as Daly Street. Built upon by Princeton condos
Price Road - 6th St. NE and 5th Ave. to 7th Ave. NE
Road no longer exists. Followed curve of Bridge Cres NE, but began on 5th Ave NE 1/2 way between 6A and 6 ST (this section of 5th Ave also no longer exists) and ran north of the Bridge Cres houses meeting up with 7th Ave 1/2 way between 7th and 8th street. Does not exist in 1950 aerial photo, does on 1966 roadmap [Also exists on 1956 map]
Stockton Street - 11th Ave. and 22nd St. West
Road no longer exists, there was a north/south loop, the West side marked at Stockton St, both ends of which connected to the
intersection of Scotland St SW and Scarboro Ave SW, the only remnant of the loop remaining is the short portion of Scarboro Ave West of that intersection. The majority of the loop existed where Crowchild Tr now runs. Perhaps rename that cul-de-sac Stockton Place? NOTE: aerial photo from 1955 shows no evidence of this road even being built, it may have been on paper only[Exists on 1956 map too]
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African American Resources for Virginia
|Virginia Wiki Topics
|Beginning Research
|Record Types
|Virginia Background
|Local Research Resources
- 1 Online Resources
- 2 Strategies
- 3 History
- 4 Records
- 5 Free People of Color
- 6 Societies
- 7 Archives and Libraries
- 8 Websites
- 9 References
Online Resources
- Virginia, Freedmen's Bureau Field Office Records, 1865-1872
- U.S., Freedmen's Bureau Records of Field Offices, 1863-1878 ($) index and images
- Virginia, African-American Funeral Programs, 1935-2009
- TransAtlantic Slave Trade Voyages, index
- Large Slaveholders of 1860 and African American Surname Matches from 1870, index
- Virginia Slaves Freed after 1782
- Unknown No Longer: A Database of Virginia Slave Names
- African American Families Database
- Patriots of Color, ($) index
- Black Loyalists
- Virginia Cohabitation Records
- African American Cemeteries of Tidewater Virginia and North Carolina
- African American Cemeteries Online
- Slave Data Collection
Guide to African American genealogy in Virginia.
African American research in Virginia can be divided into two general time periods - before and after the Civil War.
This Wiki page describes research strategies, and major sources of information about African American families from Virginia. As you read this Wiki page, also study the African American Research Wiki pages, which will help you understand more strategies, and the contents and uses of other African American genealogical records.
Societies dedicated to African American genealogy, such as the Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society, Inc., include local chapters in Virginia that offer many resources to help people with black ancestry.
Finding Your Roots with Henry Louis Gates, Jr. examines the Virginia ancestry of several prominent African Americans living today. His television series will provide you with many tips for tracing your own Virginia family tree.
|Help Index Freedmen's Bureau Records
|Help yourself and others find their African American ancestors by participating in the Discover Freedmen Indexing Project. June 19th Press Conference
Genetic Testing
Many African Americans alive today are having their DNA tested to learn which tribes in Africa they descend from. To learn more about this procedure, read Hiring a DNA Testing Company.
The first slaves were imported into Virginia in 1619. Slaves were emancipated in 1865. The Official Tourism Website of the Commonwealth of Virginia has prepared a nice history of African-Americans in Virginia.
|(now) West Virginia
In 1790, counties with more than 10,000 slaves were Amelia and Caroline. Counties with more than 7500 slaves were Culpeper and Hanover. Counties with more than 5000 slaves were: Albemarle, Amherst, Brunswick, Chesterfield, Dinwiddie, Essex, Fauquier, Gloucester, Halifax, Henrico, King and Queen, King William, Norfolk, Southampton, Spotsylvania, and Sussex.[1]
By 1860, when there were nearly twice as many slaves in the state as there had been 70 years earlier, counties with more than 10,000 slaves were Albemarle, Bedford, Campbell, Caroline, Dinwiddie, Fauquier, Halifax, Henrico, Louisa, Mecklenburg, and Pittsylvania. Counties with more than 7500 slaves were: Amelia, Brunswick, Buckingham, Charlotte, Chesterfield, Hanover, Norfolk, and Spotsylvania.[1]
Edmund S. Morgan's American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia (1975) (FHL Book 975.5 H6m) is considered one of the best histories of enslaved blacks in Virginia.
1619-1865: Period of slavery
Information about slaves can be found in slavemasters' deeds (see Virginia Land and Property),slave schedules (see Virginia Census), wills (see Virginia Probate Records), tax lists (see Virginia Taxation), family Bibles and diaries (see Virginia Bible Records), plantation records, interviews with former slaves, and in court order books (see Virginia Court Records). A few parish registers (see Virginia Church Records) list slaves who attended church with their masters. In Virginia the births of slave children should be listed in county birth registers starting in 1853 (see Virginia Vital Records).
Most black slaves were imported into Virginia in the 100 year period between 1676 and 1776, though they were present as early as 1619. Slaves began to outnumber the white indentured servant workforce in the late 1600s. The majority were brought into the colony from Africa and the Caribbean. In particular, the African regions of the Bight of Biafra (modern Nigeria), Senegambia (modern Senegal and The Gambia), West Central Africa (modern Angola and Congo), and the Gold Coast (modern Ghana) were hotspots for Virginia slave traders. Smaller numbers came from the Windward Coast (modern Cote d'Ivoire), Sierra Leone, Bight of Benin (modern Togo and Benin), and Southeast Africa (modern Madagascar and Mozambique) according to surviving shipping registers.[2]
There was a strong Muslim presence in Senegambia during the period of the slave trade. Many Tidewater Virginia slaves must have been influenced by Islam before their arrival in America.[3] Slaves were usually renamed once they arrived in English-speaking colonies. They were given English Christian names to replace names from their native languages (some of which were Muslim names like Mohammad).[4]
The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database Internet site contains references to 35,000 slave voyages, including over 67,000 Africans aboard slave ships, using first name, age, gender, origin, and place of embarkation. The database documents the slave trade between Africa, Europe, Brazil, the Caribbean, and what is now the United States.
The Atlantic Slave Trade and Slave
Virginia headright grants identify some slave importations into the colony, see Appendix C: Africans in Virginia, 1619-1650 in Documenting President Barack Obama's Maternal African-American Ancestry: Tracing His Mother's Bunch Ancestry to the First Slave in America.[5]
See also Virginia Immigration for further information about this source.
Records of Slaves
The 1850 and 1860 slave schedules are available on Ancestry.com ($) and FamilySearch.org (free). They identify genders and ages of slaves owned by each master. Earlier census records statistically identify slaves in their masters' households (and free people of color) by approximate age and gender. For a breakdown of the content of the records, see articles on the 1840, 1830, 1820, 1810, 1800, and 1790 censuses.
- Tom Blake's Large Slaveholders of 1860 and African American Surname Matches from 1870 can help researchers theorize the identities of the owners of their slave ancestors. The site includes material for Amelia, Essex, Halifax, Henry, King William, Mecklenburg, Nelson, Nottoway, Powhatan, and Prince George counties in Virginia.
Black slaves are often listed as property in their masters' deeds, wills, and probate inventories. The Virginia Historical Society's Guide to African American Manuscripts identifies many records that document slave's names and owners within their large collection.
- Wynne, Frances Holloway. Register of Free Negroes and Also of Dower Slaves, Brunswick County, Virginia, 1803-1850. Fairfax, Va.: F.H. Wynne, 1983. FHL 975.5575 F2w
White slave masters who belonged to the Quaker and Methodist faiths often set their slaves free in the 1700s and 1800s.[6] Paul Heinegg prepared a detailed list of Virginia slaves manumitted (freed) between 1782 and the 1820s.
Unknown No Longer: A Database of Virginia Slave Names is a free online database created by the Virginia Historical Society. Information on many Virginia slaves is available in this work in progress.[7]
Morales and Valaitis indexed slaves in birth registers across the state for the period 1853 to 1865:
- Morales, Leslie Anderson and Ada Valaitis. Virginia Slave Births Index, 1853-1865. 5 vols. Westminster, Md.: Heritage Books, 2007. FHL Book 975.5 V22v v. 1-5.
The Library of Virginia has a collection titled Public claims, slaves and free blacks, 1781-1865. The collection contains tax records for free blacks and slaves, records of condemned blacks who were executed or transported out of state, and records of runaway slaves who were caught and whose owners could not be found. The runaway slaves became the property of the state and were sold to new owners. Copies are available on microfilm at the Family History Library: FHL Films 2027937-2027942.
African American Families Database online The Central Virginia History Researchers (CVHR) has now released the African-American Families Database online. The first stage of this website provides a template for researchers trying to locate specific African- Americans who lived between circa 1850 and 1880. This period is particularly challenging for African-American family research because of the difficulty in relating ante-bellum and post-bellum records. The two plantations on which the website currently focuses are Hydraulic Plantation (5 miles north of Charlottesville, Va.), and the Bleak House Plantation (9 miles northwest of Charlottesville Va.).The site contains information on the plantations and information on the enslaved people living on these two plantations. The site also contains a blog focusing on the activities of the CVHR group, and details about the Database project.
Runaway Slaves
- Windley, Lathan A., comp. Runaway Slave Advertisements. 4 vols. (Virginia and North Carolina) Wesport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1983. FHL Book 975 F2wL. For Virginia, see volume one.
- Virginia Runaways
Many eighteenth-century runaway slave advertisements were published in the Virginia Gazette. Indexed images of the Virginia Gazette (1736-1780) are available online through the Colonial Williamsburg website. (Browse for terms such as "slaves.") Professor Tom Costa and The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia have indexed all the runaway advertisements for slaves mentioned in this publication and other Virginia newspapers (1736-1803), see: The Geography of Slavery in Virginia. These newspapers are valuable resources for all Virginia regions.
Plantation RecordsVirginia Plantation Records Occasionally, slaves are mentioned in plantation records. The Family History Library has several series of plantation records from the periods before and after the Civil War. These are listed in the Author/Title Search of the FamilySearch Catalog under the STAMPP, KENNETH M. or in the Subject Search under PLANTATION LIFE - VIRGINIA or PLANTATION LIFE - SOUTHERN STATES. Records are available at:
- Library of Congress: inventory, FHL Book 975 H2sm Ser. C; original records, films beginning with FHL Film 1534247.
- University of Virginia Library: inventory, FHL Book 975 H2sm Ser. E; original records, films beginning with FHL Film 1534274.
- Duke University Library: inventory, FHL Book 975 H2sm Ser. F; original records, films beginning with FHL Film 1549774.
- University of North Carolina Library at Chapel Hill: inventory, FHL Book 975 H2sm Ser. J; original records, films beginning with FHL Film 1672791.
- Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Library: inventory, FHL Book 975 H2sm Ser. K; original records, films beginning with FHL Film 1844005. These records are from the Shirley plantation of the Carter family.
- College of William and Mary, Earl Gregg Swem Library: inventory, FHL Book 975 H2sm Ser. L; original records, films beginning with FHL Film 1844318.
- Virginia Historical Society: inventory, FHL Book 975 H2sm Ser. M; original records, films beginning with FHL Film 1985945.
The Family History Library has microfilms of most of the records described in the guide booklets. Virginia plantation records are scattered throughout.
Personal Narratives
Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States, From Interviews with Former Slaves, recorded after the Civil War, recounts memories of life as a slave.
Voices from the Days of Slavery, made possible by the Library of Congress, includes free audio files of interviews with former slaves from Albemarle, Essex, Westmoreland counties and the cities of Norfolk and Petersburg.
Volume 16 of The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography (1941) includes Virginia narratives:FHL Book 973 F2aa series 2 v. 16.
Revolutionary War, 1776-1783African Americans from Virginia served on both sides of the Revolutionary War. Many Virginia slaves ran away from their masters and joined British forces after a proclamation issued by Lord Dunmore in 1775. He promised freedom for this act, and 500 slaves promptly joined him, whom he organized into the Ethiopian Regiment.[8] Free people of color commonly served their companies as drummers, fifers, and pioneers.[9] Black "pioneers" would "Assist in Cleaning the Streets & Removing all Nuisances being thrown into the Streets."
An index of slaves and free men of color appears in the Index to Sons of the American Revolution applications. For a discussion, see the Virginia Periodicals article.
Patriots of Color is a free database at Archives.com. Includes details about 700+ black Virginians in the Revolutionary War.[10]
Black Loyalist, created by The University of Sydney, includes biographical information about approximately 1,000 black loyalists from the Norfolk, Virginia area.
Early Migrations Out of Virginia
In the colonial period, slaves were taken by Virginia slave masters into areas where white settlements appeared, such as North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee.
Black Loyalists during the Revolution resettled in British Canada after the War concluded.
In the early 1800s, approximately 500,000 Virginia slaves were forcibly moved to the Deep South.[2] The firm of Franklin & Armfield in Alexandria, Va. was responsible for transporting many of Virginias slaves to the Deep South in what has been dubbed "Slavery's Trail of Tears."[11]Dorothy Williams Potter in Passports of Southeastern Pioneers 1770-1823 (FHL Book 975 W4p) identifies some white families that took slaves with them from Virginia to the territories that are now Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Missouri.
Slavery Legislation. To learn about the laws that affected Virginia slaves, see:
- Finkelman, Paul. State Slavery Statutes: Guide to the Microfiche Collection. Frederick, Md.: University Publications of America, 1989. FHL Book 975 F23s. Pages 317-56 pertain to Virginia and cover the years 1789-1865. The advertisements are indexed. The records list the names of many slaves and slave owners.
The Geography of Slavery in Virginia includes a list of Virginia slave laws, references to slaves in the House of Burgesses Journals, and other documents.
Free People of Color
Not all blacks were slaves in Virginia before the Civil War. Virginia had the largest free black population in the United States.[12] Many black families had been free there since the 1600s. For each eight slaves in the state, there was one free person of color.[13] Some of the largest families had the surnames Cumbo, Driggers, and Goins. Many free people of color descended from black slave men who had children by white indentured servant women.[14] Others were manumitted.
|(now) West Virginia
Half of the Virginia free black population lived in the Tidewater region during the nineteenth century. In 1860, one-third lived in towns and cities.[15] Counties with the largest populations of free African Americans in 1790 (more than 450) were Accomack, Dinwiddie, Henrico, Nansemond, Northampton, and Southampton. Counties with more than 250 free blacks were Campbell, Charles City, Chesterfield, Goochland, Isle of Wight, Mecklenburg, Norfolk, Prince George, Surry, Sussex, and York.
70 years later, in 1860, many of these people's descendants appear to have continued to live in the same areas. Counties with more than 1500 free colored people were Accomack, Dinwiddie, Henrico, Nansemond, Norfolk, and Southampton.[1] The town of Petersburg in 1830 (Dinwiddie County) had 3440 white inhabitants, 2850 slaves, and 2032 free blacks, making the black population the majority.[16]
Free people of color appear in the same Virginia sources as the white population. They had surnames, interacted with whites, Indians, slaves, and free blacks; bought and sold land, took out marriage licenses, left wills, baptized their children in the Church of England, owned slaves, paid taxes, and sued others in court.[17] Sometimes clerks specified their race, other times, they did not.
In the nineteenth century, it was not uncommon for free blacks to purchase their enslaved relatives (husbands, wives, children, parents) and maintain their status as slaves in efforts to keep the family intact (newly freed blacks in Virginia faced a discriminatory law (starting in 1806) requiring them to leave the state).[18]
Jackson, Luther Porter, Negro Office Holders in Virginia, 1865-1895. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms International, [1980] FHL 1303161 item 5
Jackson, Luther Porter, Free Negro Labor and Property Holdings in Virginia, 1830-1860. Chicago, 1937. xiii, 311 leaves.E185.93 V8 J18 1937
Tax assessors often recorded more information about free blacks in Virginia than census enumerators. Pre-1850 censuses list only the head of household by name, whereas tax lists sometimes list all males over the age of 16 by name. In 1813, according to Paul Heinegg, "many counties(or divisions of a county) mistakenly counted free women of color over 16 as taxables." In addition, "some counties had either a separate list of 'Free Persons of Color' or 'Free Negroes and Mulattos' or a notation after the person's name to indicate their race. Generally these tax lists provide a better source of information than either the registers of free Negroes or the census records."[19] Heinegg abstracted free blacks identified in each Virginia county. His abstracts are available online.
Census takers between 1790 and 1860 distinguished between free blacks and black slaves. Heinegg prepared lists of "Other Free" Heads of Household in the 1810 Virginia Census (arranged by county) (arranged by name).
Starting in 1793, each Virginia county court kept a register of free Negroes.[20] Documentation of a black person's freedom status protected them from being forced into slavery. On the other hand, it also restricted their ability to migrate within the state, requiring them to stay in the county where he or she was registered.[21] These registers may give the person's name, age, color, stature, marks and scars, and name the court of emancipation. Several of these registers are found at the Library of Virginia. The Family History Library has copies of some of these registers. They are usually found in the Family History Library Place Search under VIRGINIA, [COUNTY] - COURT RECORDS.
Example of registers that have been published:
- Boyd-Rush, Dorothy A. Free Negroes Registered in the Clerk's Office, Botetourt County, Virginia, 1802-1836. Athens, Georgia: Iberian Pub. Co., 1993. FHL Book 975.5 A1 no. 305.
- Ford, Benjamin. Free Black Registers, Albemarle County (1807-1865). Available online.
- Hudgins, Dennis. Surry County, VirginiaRegister of Free Negroes. Richmond, Va.: Viginia Genealogical Society, 1995. FHL Book 975.5562 F2h.
- Kegley, Mary B. Free People of Colour: Free Negroes, Indians, Portuguese and Freed Slaves. Wytheville, Virginia: Kegley Books, 2003. FHL Book 975.5 F2kf; digital version at Family History Archives. (Augusta, Carroll, Giles, Lee, Montgomery, Pulaski, Russell, Washington, and Wythe counties.)
- Paul Heinegg, Free African Americans of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland and Delaware at http://freeafricanamericans.com/ (accessed 25 May 2012). About 2,000 pages of family histories based on colonial court order and minute books 1790-1810 census records, tax lists, wills, deeds, free Negro registers, marriage bonds, parish registers, and Revolutionary War pension files.
A good history to read on the subject is:
- Russell, John Henderson. The Free Negro in Virginia, 1619-1865. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1913. Digital version at Internet Archive. 1969 reprint: FHL Book 975.5 F2r.
Migrations Out of Virginia
Many free African American families migrated from Virginia to Robeson County, North Carolina in the 1700s.[14] Virginia's free people of color are also now believed to have been the ancestors of Appalachia's Melungeon population.[22] An 1806 law required freed slaves to leave the state within twelve months of gaining their freedom. This stiff law was softened by subsequent laws in the 1820s and 30s.[23] Many free blacks from Virginia had resettled in Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, and Michigan between the 1840s and 1860s.[14]
- 1865 to the Present
During the period of segregation, African Americans appear in the same sources as white people, such as censuses (beginning in 1870), marriage registers (though there was often a separate register for "colored marriages"), birth certificates, death certificates, deeds, wills, military records, cemeteries and church records (though they were usually segregated churches and cemeteries), tax records, voter registrations, city directories (though they might appear at the back of the book) and newspapers (including ethnic African American newspapers). Unique records relating specifically to black Virginians include cohabitation records, Freedmen's Bank records, and African American biographies.
In 1870, five years after slaves were freed, counties with the largest black populations (more than 10,000) were Albemarle, Bedford, Campbell, Dinwiddie, Halifax, Henrico, Louisa, Mecklenburg, Norfolk, and Pittsylvania. Towns with the largest black populations (more than 5000) were Alexandria, Charlottesville, Danville (Dan River), Lynchburg, Norfolk, Petersburg, Portsmouth, and Richmond.[1]
Perdue Charles, Jr., Thomas E. Barden, and Robert K. Phillips. Weevils in the Wheat: Interviews with Virginia Ex-Slaves. Charlottesville : university Press of Virginia, 1976. FHL 975.5 F2w
Cohabitation Records are registers created when the former slaves legalized their marriages (they were not allowed to marry until 1866). The tradition during the period of slavery had been to "jump over the broomstick" as as a marriage ceremony.[24] This valuable genealogical data is being made available online through the Library of Virginia's Virginia Memory Collection (scroll to "Cohabitation Registers"). More about this source is also found on the Cohabitation Records Wiki page, and the Virginia Cohabitation Records Wiki page.
Freedman's Savings and Trust Company signature cards or registers may list the slave's former masters, birth date, birthplace, occupation, residences, death information, parents, children, spouse, or siblings. Virginia had three branches of this bank:
- Lynchburg 1871
- Norfolk 1871-1874
- Richmond 1867-1874
The signature registers for these branches are listed in:
- Freedman's Savings and Trust Company (Washington, DC) 1865-1874. Registers of Signatures of Depositors in Branches of the Freedman's Savings and Trust Company, 1865-1874. Washington, DC: National Archives, 1969. Digital version online; also on film: FHL Film 928591. In each city, depositors' names are arranged by account number.
Two valuable sources for the period after the Civil War are:
- United States. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands. Records of the Superintendent of Education for the State of Virginia, Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, 1865-1870. Washington, DC: National Archives, 1977. FHL Films 1549578-97. Most volumes are indexed.
- United States. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands. Records of the Assistant Commissioner for the State of Virginia, Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, 1865-1869. Washington, DC: National Archives, 1988. FHL Films 1601562-628. There are several indexes.
Freedmen's Bureau Virginia Marriages ca. 1815-1866--Names of thousands of former slaves are included in these records. A free index can be viewed at FamilySearch Record Search. Records may include the name of the bride and groom, date of marriage registration, residence, previous marriages, names and ages of children.
Virginia, Freedmen's Bureau Letters or Correspondence, 1865-1872. (NARA microfilm publication M752) Field office reports, letters received and sent, contracts, certificates, registers, censuses, affidavits and other documents.
Some additional transcribed records are available at Freedmen's Bureau.com.
Biographies of prominent Virginia African Americans have been published. For example, a list of blacks who held public office during Reconstruction is available in: Negro Office Holders in Virginia, 1865-1895, by Luther Porter Jackson. The Black History Committee of The Friends of the Thomas Balch Library prepared two volumes titled The Essence of a People: Portraits of African Americans Who Made a Difference in Loudoun County, Virginia (2001-2002). FHL Book 975.528 F2f.
Large African American cemeteries in Virginia have included:
- The African American Historic Cemeteries of Portsmouth VA on Facebook: A friend's group of descendants and volunteers of the African American Cemeteries of Portsmouth: The Mt. Calvary Cemetery Complex (est 1879), Lincoln Memorial Cemetery (est 1912), Grove Baptist Church cemetery (est 1840), and Olive Branch Baptist Church cemetery.
- The African American Historic Cemeteries of Portsmouth Virginia (web): A group of concerned citizens,descendants, and volunteers of the African American Cemeteries of Portsmouth: The Mt. Calvary Cemetery Complex (est. 1879), Lincoln Memorial Cemetery (est 1912), Grove Baptist Church Cemetery (est. 1840), and Olive Branch Baptist Church cemetery.
- African American Cemeteries of Tidewater Virginia and North Carolina on Facebook. A community forum for the African American cemeteries of Tidewater Virginia and North Carolina. Included are burial sites located in the counties and independent cities in the Tidewater regions of Virginia and North Carolina. Also includes cemetery news from around the United States, and listings in Maryland, New Jersey, and Georgia.
- African American Cemeteries of Tidewater Virginia (web): A community forum for the African American and slave cemeteries in the Tidewater Region of Virginia. Counties include: Accomack, Arlington, Caroline, Charles City, Chesterfield, Essex, Fairfax, Gloucester, Hanover, Henrico, Isle of Wight, James City, King George, King and Queen, King William, Lancaster, Mathews, Middlesex, New Kent, Northampton, Northumberland, Prince George, Prince William, Richmond, Spotsylvania, Stafford, Surry, Westmoreland, and York. Cities include: Alexandria, Chesapeake, Colonial Heights, Fairfax, Falls Church, Fredericksburg, Hampton, Hopewell, Newport News, Norfolk, Petersburg, Poquoson, Portsmouth, Richmond, Suffolk, Virginia Beach, and Williamsburg. There are also listings for counties in North Carolina, Georgia, and Maryland.
- African American Cemeteries Online includes transcribed records from Accomack, Albemarle, Amherst, Dinwiddie, Fairfax, Halifax, Henrico, Page, Prince William, Russell, and Sussex county cemeteries.
- The Friends of Freedmen's Cemetery includes information about African Americans buried in Freedmen's Cemetery in Alexandria.
- African-American Cemeteries in Albemarle and Amherst Counties. Project sponsored by the African American Genealogy Group of Charlottesville and Albemarle County.
The J.F. Bell Funeral Home in Charlottesville, Virginia maintained records of African American funerals, which are available online for the years 1917-1989.
History of African Methodism in Virginia (1908) is available online through the Library of Congress's The Church in the Southern Black Community, 1780-1925 collection.
The Library of Virginia has prepared a list of African-American Newspapers, such as the Afro-American and the Richmond Planet, which they hold. They have digitized 41 issues of the Afro-American Churchman (1886-1890).
PBS's interactive Reconstruction: The Second Civil War discusses what life was like for freed slaves and their descendants in the nineteenth century.
Later Migrations Out of Virginia
There were several large migrations of Virginia African Americans into other parts of the country in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In 1900, most Southern born blacks living in the North had been born in Virginia or Kentucky.[25]Around the time of World War I, many rural Virginians moved to urban Washington, D.C., Baltimore, Philadelphia, Newark, New Jersey, New York City, and Boston. In the World War II era, many moved to Chicago and Detroit.[2]
- African American Genealogy Group of Charlottesville and Albemarle County. Website includes register of free negroes, local African American cemeteries.
- Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society (AAHGS), Chapter of Central Virginia
- AAHGS, Chapter of Greater Richmond, P.O. Box 27833, Richmond, VA 23261
- AAHGS, Chapter of Hampton Roads
- AAHGS, Chapter of Burke Brown Steppe
- Afro-American Historical Association of Fauquier County
- The Alexandria Society for the Preservation of Black Heritage, Inc.
- Middle Peninsula African-American Genealogical & Historical Society of Virginia serves the counties of Essex, Middlesex, King and Queen, King William, Gloucester, Mathews and the Northern Neck (King George, Lancaster, Northumberland, Richmond and Westmoreland counties).
- The Virginia African-American Funeral Programs, 1935-2009. Project of over 10,000 funeral programs indexed and digitized. Middle Peninsula African-American Genealogical and Historical Society of Virginia (MPAAGHS) Data base at FamilySearch.org: Virginia, African-American Funeral Programs, 1935-2009
- The Virginia African-American Funeral Programs, 1935-2009. Project of over 10,000 funeral programs indexed and digitized. Middle Peninsula African-American Genealogical and Historical Society of Virginia (MPAAGHS) Data base at FamilySearch.org: Virginia, African-American Funeral Programs, 1935-2009
Archives and Libraries
- Virginia Historical Society - Guide to African-American Manuscripts
- The Library of Virginia - Resources for African American Genealogical Research
- University of Virginia - Afro American Sources in Virginia: A Guide to Manuscripts
- Virginia Commonwealth University - Virginia Black History Archives Collections
For a list of Virginia plantation records held at various archives, see the Period of slavery section.
- African Ancestry in Virginia at Afrigeneas includes a concise history of black people in the state. The site includes links to databases for several Virginia record sets such as African American Census Schedules Online and Slave Data Collection.
- History of the American Negro, Virginia edition See page 728.
- World War I History Commission Questionnaires.Read more about the questionnaires.
- State online resources for African-American genealogy: Virginia
- More state online resources for African-American genealogy: Virginia
- Access Genealogy: Virginia African American Genealogy. Includes a large list of online resources.
- African American History of Accomac County, Virginia at Accomac Roots. Includes genealogy, census data, tax lists, indentures, cemeteries, maps, pictures, documents, and sources.
- Born in the Wake of Freedom: John Mitchell, Jr., and the Richmond Planet
- Race and Place: An African American Community in the Jim Crow South, Charlottesville, Va., University of Virginia Library
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Includes modern-day West Virginia and part of the District of Columbia. Ninth Census of the United States: Statistics of Population, Tables I to VIII Inclusive (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1872), 70, 72. Digital version at Internet Archive; FHL Book 973 X2pcu; William O. Lynch, "The Westward Flow of Southern Colonists before 1861," The Journal of Southern History, Vol. 9, No. 3 (Aug. 1943):325. Digital version at JSTOR ($).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 James Ison, AG, CG, "Migration Patterns: An Alternative for Locating African Origins." Lecture given at the National Genealogical Society Conference, Salt Lake City, Utah (2010) and the Federation of Genealogical Societies Conference, Knoxville, Tennessee (2010). Free version available online at FamilySearch Wiki.
- ↑ "Senegambia, The Gold Coast, and the Bight of Benin," The Abolition of the Slave Trade: The Schomberg Center for Research in Black Culture (The New York Public Library), http://abolition.nypl.org/essays/us_slave_trade/6/, accessed 16 June 2012.
- ↑ Allan Austin, African Muslims in Antebellum America, A Sourcebook (New York: Garland Press, 1984).
- ↑ Anastasia Harman, Natalie D. Cottrill, Paul C. Reed, and Joseph Shumway, "Documenting President Barack Obama's Maternal African American Ancestry: Tracing His Mother's Bunch Ancestry to the First Slave in America," Ancestry.com, 15 July 2012, http://c.mfcreative.com/offer/us/obama_bunch/PDF/main_article_final.pdf.
- ↑ John Henderson Russell, The Free Negro in Virginia, 1619-1865 (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1913), 57-58. Digital version at Internet Archive.
- ↑ Dick Eastman, "Virginia Historical Society Slave Database Online," Eastman's Online Genealogy Newsletter, 24 February 2012, [1].
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Ethiopian Regiment," in Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Regiment, accessed 14 June 2012.
- ↑ The Free Negro in Virginia, 109-110.
- ↑ Dick Eastman, "Archives.com to Publish the Patriots of Color Database," Eastman's Online Genealogy Newsletter, 24 February 2012, http://www.archives.com/Patriots.
- ↑ Edward Ball, "Slavery's Trail of Tears," Smithsonian (Nov 2015):58-82.
- ↑ The Free Negro in Virginia, 9.
- ↑ The Free Negro in Virginia, 10.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 The previous school of thought had the colors and genders swapped - it was believed that they descended from illegitimate offspring of white slave masters and black slave women. A 1662 law stated that the offspring of such relations would take the legal status of the mother. Most children resulting from illicit relations between white slave masters and black slave women remained in slavery. See Paul Heinegg, Free African Americans of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland and Delaware, http://freeafricanamericans.com/, accessed 25 May 2012; and The Free Negro in Virginia, 19.
- ↑ The Free Negro in Virginia, 14-15.
- ↑ The Free Negro in Virginia, 14.
- ↑ The Free Negro in Virginia, 89-90.
- ↑ The Free Negro in Virginia, 92-93.
- ↑ Email from Paul Heinegg to Nathan W. Murphy, 8 July 2012.
- ↑ The Free Negro in Virginia, 101.
- ↑ The Free Negro in Virginia, 106-108.
- ↑ Travis Loller, "DNA study seeks origin of Appalachia's Melungeons," Yahoo! News, 24 May 2012, http://news.yahoo.com/dna-study-seeks-origin-appalachias-melungeons-201144041.html.
- ↑ Christopher A. Nordmann, Ph.D., CGRS, "Jumping Over the Broomstick: Resources for Documenting Slave Marriages," National Genealogical Society Quarterly, Vol. 91, No. 3 (September 2003):196-216. Digital version at NGS website ($).
- ↑ 1900 U.S. Federal Census. Study by James Ison.


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[Illinois] CMMB IGERT & M-CNTC Annual Symposium: IGERT Research Issues Panel
Licensed according to this deed.
Published on
A panel of students and instructors discuss the research issues regarding and the future of the IGERT program at Illinois.
Dr. Rashid Bashir Rashid Bashir completed his BSEE from Texas Tech University as the highest ranking graduate in the College of Engineering in Dec 1987. He completed his MSEE from Purdue University in 1989 and Ph.D. from Purdue University in 1992. From Oct 1992 to Oct 1998, he worked at National Semiconductor in the Analog/Mixed Signal Process Technology Development Group where he was promoted to Sr. Engineering Manager. He joined Purdue University in Oct 1998 as Assistant Professor and was later promoted to Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and a Courtesy Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering. Since Oct 2007, he is the Abel Bliss Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering & Bioengineering, Director of the Micro and NanoTechnology Laboratory (a campus wide clean room facility) at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, and Director of the campus-side Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, a collaboratory aimed to facilitate center grants and large initiatives around campus in the area of nanotechnology. He has authored or co-authored over 150 journal papers, over 200 conference papers and conference abstracts, over 120 invited talks, and has been granted 34 patents. He is a fellow of IEEE, AIMBE, AAAS, and APS.
His research interests include BioMEMS, Lab on a chip, nano-biotechnology, interfacing biology and engineering from molecular to tissue scale, and applications of semiconductor fabrication to biomedical engineering, all applied to solve biomedical problems. He has been involved in 2 startups that have licensed his technologies.
In addition to his own research group, he is the PI on an NSF IGERT on Cellular and Molecular Mechanics and Bionanotechnology and PI on an NIH Training Grant on Cancer Nanotechnology. He is also a project lead on an NSF Science and Technology Center on Emergent Behavior of Integrated Biological Systems (head quartered at MIT, and partners at GT and UIUC).
Dr. Rohit Bhargava Professor Rohit Bhargava is the Bliss Faculty Scholar and an Associate Professor, Engineering and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Dr. Bhargava received dual B.Tech. degrees (in Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science and Engineering) from the Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, and his doctoral thesis work at Case Western Reserve University was in the area of polymer spectroscopy.
Subsequently, he worked as a Research Fellow at the National Institutes of Health in the area of biomedical vibrational spectroscopy. Research in the Bhargava laboratories focuses on fundamental optical theory for vibrational spectroscopic imaging, developing new instrumentation, application of spectroscopic imaging to biomedical and polymer problems, and numerical analyses. Dr. Bhargava's work has been recognized with several research and teaching awards, including Applied Spectroscopy's Meggers Award, and he is routinely nominated to the list of teachers ranked "excellent" at Illinois. (Source)
Dr. Steve Boppart Prof. Boppart graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) in 1990 with a B.S. in Electrical Engineering and an option in Bioengineering. Continuing at UIUC, he completed his M.S. in Electrical Engineering in 1991, where he developed microfabricated multi-electrode arrays for neural recordings. From 1991 to 1993, at the Air Force Laser Laboratory in San Antonio, Texas, he conducted research on laser-tissue interactions in the eye, helping establish national laser safety standards. Prof. Boppart then went on to MIT, receiving his Ph.D. in 1998 in Medical and Electrical Engineering. His doctoral studies included the development of optical coherence tomography in Prof. Jim Fujimoto's laboratory. As part of a joint program between MIT and Harvard, Prof. Boppart completed his M.D. from Harvard Medical School in June 2000. Currently, Prof. Boppart is a full professor with appointments in the Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Bioengineering, and Medicine at UIUC. He is Head of the Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory at the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and along with a team of 25 researchers, is investigating novel optical diagnostic imaging technologies for basic science and translational clinical applications. From 2006-2008, he served as Founding Director of the Mills Breast Cancer Institute, and holds a joint position with Carle Foundation Hospital and Carle Clinic Association in Urbana, Illinois. His efforts included constructing a new building and developing new infrastructure to support translational research and technology development in breast cancer research between UIUC and Carle Foundation Hospital. Currently he is initiating efforts to direct a campus-wide Illinois Imaging Initiative intended to leverage the strengths and diversity of over 100 faculty working in all aspects of imaging science, technology, and application.
Dr. Ann Nardulli Professor Nardulli attained her B.S from Northern Illinois University in education. She obtained her M.S. and PhD. degrees at the University of Illinois. She also completed her post-doctoral training at the University of Illinois. Her research interests include: Chromatin Structure, Endocrinology, Protein-Nucleic Acid Interactions, Receptor Biochemistry, Regulation of Gene Expression, Reproductive Biology and Signal Transduction. She is currently a professor of Molecular and Integrative physiology at the University of Illinois.
Dr. Taher Saif Professor Saif's research focuses on the mechanics of nanoscale materials and living cells. He uses both theory and experiment to explore (1) the effect of size on the mechanics of materials, and (2) the role of mechanical force in determining the functionality of cells and cell clusters.
Professor Saif demonstrated experimentally, for the first time, that plastic deformation in nanocrystalline metal films can be reversible. After plastic deformation, metals with grain sizes between 50 and 100 nanometers recover most of their plastic strain under macroscopically stress-free condition. This recovery is time dependent and thermally activated. Saif showed that the recovery originates from the small size and heterogeniety of microstructure of the metal specimens. The research, which was reported in Science, raises the possibility of manufacturing metal components that can heal themselves after being deformed or dented.
In the area of cellular mechanics, Professor Saif's projects involve neurons, cancer and cardiac cells, and interactions between cells in clusters. He seeks to address questions such as: What is the role of tension in neurons on memory and learning? Does mechanical microenvironment influence the onset of metastasis during cancer development? Can clusters of cells be guided so that they evolve into biological machines? He, together with Professor Akira Chiba of the the University of Maimi, showed that neurons are under mechanical tension, and that such tension might be essential for memory and learning.
Mike Gregory After spending his adolescence in the Chicago suburbs, Michael Gregory attended DePauw University where he earned a bachelor's degree in biochemistry in 2008. Following graduation, he returned to the Chicago area and joined the R&D division of a major biopharmaceutical company where he assisted development of protein based therapies for the treatment of pulmonary disorders. In 2009, he came to the University of Illinois and is currently a biochemistry graduate student working in the laboratory of Dr. Stephen Sligar. Here he is studying the steroidogenic enzyme Cytochrome P450c17 (CYP17), which catalyzes the first committed step in androgen formation. As a result of CYP17's role as gatekeeper to androgen biosynthesis it is a front line target in the fight against castration-resistant prostate cancer, which proliferates in response to androgen receptor activation. Michael hopes to integrate knowledge gleaned from rigorous biophysical characterization of CYP17 catalysis with emerging diagnostic and nanotechnologies to encourage development of next-generation therapeutics for the treatment of androgen responsive malignancies such as castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Erich Lidstone Erich Lidstone is a graduate student in the Bioengineering Department, and is working with Prof. Brian Cunningham and the Nano Sensors Group. His current research is dedicated to the application of photonic crystal (PC) biosensors for high-resolution label-free imaging of cell attachment, growth, and differentiation. Recently developed by Cunningham et al., PC biosensors are uniquely suited to provide continuous information about cellular activity in the absence of potentially cytotoxic fluorophores and colorimetric labels. As a member of the UIUC Medical Scholars Program, Erich plans to complete his M.D. at the University of Illinois and to pursue a research career in diagnostic medicine. While not engaged by extracellular matrices and photonic crystals, Erich enjoys cycling, kayaking, and a variety of mountain sports he picked up while growing up in New Hampshire.
Sponsored by
Midwest Cancer Nanotechnology Traning Center (M-CNTC) Training the next generation of leaders who will define the new frontiers and applications of nanotechnology in cancer research It is known that more than 1.5 million Americans were diagnosed with cancer during 2010, and half a million have died (Cancer Statistics 2010, ACS). In spite of considerable effort, there has been limited success in reducing per capita deaths from cancer since 1950. This calls for a paradigm shift in the understanding, detection, and intervention of the evolution of cancer from a single cell to tumor scale.
In response to this challenge the M-CNTC has assembled a preeminent interdisciplinary team of researchers and educators across the University of Illinois and clinical collaborators in the Midwest to train the next generation of engineers, physical scientists, and biologists to address the challenge of understanding, managing, diagnosing, and treating cancer using the most recent advancements in nanotechnology.
Cellular and Molecular Mechanics and Bionanotechnology (CMMB-IGERT) Training the next generation of leaders who will define the new frontiers of cellular and molecular mechanics and bionanotechnology Critical experiments during the last decade show a fundamental link between the micro- and macro-mechanical environment (i.e., intracellular forces, local shear, gravitational force) and a variety of cell functionalities, their lineage, and phenotype. These findings pose the grand challenge: what is the underlying molecular mechanism that cells employ to transduce mechanical signals to biochemical pathways?
In response to this challenge the CMMB IGERT launched an interdisciplinary research effort with national and international collaborators.
Cite this work
Researchers should cite this work as follows:
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign


text:
Kate Gosselin: Haircuts for the Kids!
Kate Gosselin takes her eight kids to Hansbury Barber Shop on Friday (August 19) in West Reading, Penn.
"Just got home from haircuts X8. Only 1 thing on the long list of school prep… Moms, u no what I mean? So much 2 get done. Sad 2c summer go!" the 36-year-old reality mama tweeted.
PHOTOS: Check out the latest pics of Kate Gosselin
"I know that I'm glad to be divorced and on my own. I wouldn't change my marriage because I have eight awesome kids that I would not change," Kate said in a recent episode of Kate Plus 8, which will air its final episode on September 12.


text: Funded in part through a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Small Business Administration. The Sam Houston State University SBDC is a business consulting and training center of the University of Houston Small Business Development Center Network. The UH SBDC Network serves 32 counties in Southeast Texas. SHSU SBDC is a program supported by the US Small Business Administration and extended to the public on a non-discriminatory basis. SBDC programs are nondiscriminatory and available to individuals with disabilities. Reasonable accommodations for persons with disabilities will be made if requested at least two weeks in advance. Contact SHSU SBDC at 936/294-3737 for accommodations.


text:
By: Ryan Jaroncyk, THL Contributor
Since 2007, the GOP has been prolifically citing President Ronald Reagan as its primary source of inspiration.
In 2007-2008, the presidential candidates mentioned Reagan a dizzying number of times in the debates, and popular conservative commentators such as Rush Limbaugh and Sean Hannity frequently appeal to him as the standard bearer of the Republican Party.
Reagan is viewed as the epitome of conservatism, a man whose tax cuts produced a veritable economic boom in the 1980s, whose foreign policy defeated the mighty Soviets, and whose philosophy of limited government, individual responsibility, and traditional family values shaped a nation.
While Reagan's reputation is unmatched in the conservative community, perhaps we should take a closer look at what he himself called his "greatest disappointment." For even great men make mistakes.
Real median family income rose by $4,000 during the Reagan years, while it remained static pre-Reagan, and fell by almost $1,500 post-Reagan. Interest rates, inflation, and unemployment fell faster under President Reagan than they did immediately before or immediately after his presidency.
Finally, the stock market rose by about 14% under his tenure. That's the good news. Now, here's the bad news.
On Reagan's watch, the national debt more than doubled, from about $1 trillion to a little over $2 trillion, in real terms. Federal spending grew by 22% in real terms, with military spending accounting for most of the increase. And finally, the US Dollar lost about 6% of its value.
Didn't the GOP just go this route with George W. Bush? Bush, like Reagan, was a champion of tax cuts and limited government, yet he increased federal spending, ran huge deficits, added trillions to the national debt, and devalued the Dollar.
How about a leader who can defend America without growing the size of government and exploding the size of the military budget? If the GOP is going to rail against Obama's excessive spending, deficits, debt, and Dollar devaluation, then how can it unreservedly fawn over a past icon who committed many of the same fiscal mistakes?
Is it because Reagan's spending, deficits, debt, and Dollar devaluation were merely less egregious than Obama's? Until the standard is raised, and until this contradiction is addressed in an honest manner, the GOP will continue to suffer a credibility problem on fiscal matters.


text:
What You Care To Know If Award A Dentist.
Most humans in the apple today ache from articulate problems, and they end up apprehensive area to alpha so as to get diagnosed, and they adjudge on award a able dentist. A Dentist is an able dental able whose plan is to agreement that he or she diagnosis, avoids and treats articulate ailments. The plan of the dental able is to accord articulate administrations to every one of the patients accepting articulate problems and accomplish as per the patient's expectations. Dental hygienists, dental colleagues, dental professionals and dental admiral additionally helps the dental specialists while in their work.
There are assorted things that a accommodating should accede if acrimonious and allotment the best dental pro either you accept an articulate affair or for the ancestors or abroad specific dental able who is set up to action specific medicines. One care to accede a able and abreast analytic dental administrator who can play out the abounding strategies and can allude to added colleagues. One care to additionally accede an accustomed dental practitioner that is by the accompaniment and the physique in charge. You are additionally appropriate to see if the dental specialist is at par with the new addition which is anxiously developing in adjustment to up the way in which you amusement and handle the patients.
Due to added difficult and alarming alignment such articulate anaplasty the dental practitioners should be able and fit the bill for the surgeries to be successful. This is on annual of a disappointment or skip of one date would alert to a few issues or abroad illnesses and poor health. The dental pros care to be approved, and the afflatus active acceptance them is to appearance to individuals if all is said in done that you are a able dental pro, and you can endeavor and amusement articulate issues in the appropriate way after demography any risk.Dental specialists in fair oaks who are accustomed by the accompaniment do assorted administrations that is dental analysis to the patients.
Some of the analysis incorporates gum analysis whereby they amusement the gum from any contagion that prompts to gum adequate which comes about to absolution of the teeth. They in like address do able teeth charwoman whereby they abandoned any mark that may be in the teeth authoritative them be as white as they are declared to be to be. The able dental able may in like address takes an absorption in articulate anaplasty whereby they may supplant a tooth which may shiver to the accommodating authoritative him afflictive and not accessible to go advanced with his tasks. Dental experts can additionally appoint drugs to their accommodating that is action medicines to microbial, painkillers, fluorides and characteristic anesthetic that will amusement assorted issues that may appear in the arch and close as a delayed aftereffect of articulate torment.
A Simple Plan For Investigating Professionals
The Best Advice About Bloom I've Ever Written


text: Sijun Forums :: View topic - any good movies? Log in to check your private messages Sijun Forums Forum Index >> Random Musings View previous topic :: View next topic Author Topic : "any good movies?" ChrismemberMember #Joined: 22 Oct 1999Posts: 746Location: Iowa Posted: Fri Dec 17, 1999 6:08 pm any opinions on any good movies that open or have been opened? Green mile? Bicentinial man? <- spelling? going to catch one this weekend sometime . . . does anyone like trailers here? or am i the only one that feels like they missed half the movie if they came in after the trailers? /me trailer fanatic... Back to top FunfetusmemberMember #Joined: 26 Oct 1999Posts: 343Location: West Covina, CA Posted: Fri Dec 17, 1999 7:44 pm My mom said the Green Mile was good, so it's probably awful. Bicentennial Man will most likely be another terrible "heart-warming" "family" Robin Williams movie. If you haven't seen American Beauty or Being John Malkovich yet, check em out. Both incredible films. And if Princess Mononoke is playing anywhere near you, check that out too. ------------------ Funfetus iCE VGA Division http://www.funhousedigital.com Back to top ChrismemberMember #Joined: 22 Oct 1999Posts: 746Location: Iowa Posted: Fri Dec 17, 1999 9:37 pm i've seen american beauty, i liked that one as well. i'll have to see about being john malkovich..i saw the trailer and it didn't appeal to me, but you know what they say...a bad trailer = a good movie and a good trailer = a bad movie DISCLAIMER: the quote used above does not pretain too all movies and trailers...blah blah blah... Back to top jasonNmemberMember #Joined: 12 Jan 2000Posts: 842Location: Sydney Australia Posted: Fri Dec 17, 1999 11:29 pm Speaking of trailers.... My friends and I are all really competitive (don't ask me why, they're just like that) and we usually get 4 trailers at our cinema. So we all decide what they're gonna be like before they begin in the order they appear, i.e. good,bad, bad, good. And at the end we see who was right, wrong or in the middle. I know it's weird, but it's what we do! Geez it sounds stupid... ------------------ -Jason :) JasonArt ICQ: 24680551 Back to top Count ZeromemberMember #Joined: 12 Nov 1999Posts: 586Location: Helsinki, Finland Posted: Sat Dec 18, 1999 12:52 am Two words: Fight Club. The most inventive movie of the year, if you haven't seen it yet, do so. The sight of Jared Leto getting pummeled is way too fun to pass up on. :P BTW, the trailer kicks ass too. If you like trailers, check out the trailer to Mission Impossible 2. John Woo does his thang. (www.missionimpossible.com) Way cool. A great site for movie news and trailers is www.darkhorizons.com ------------------ COUNT ZERO INTERRUPT- On receiving an interrupt, decrement the counter to zero. Back to top MongoosememberMember #Joined: 22 Oct 1999Posts: 363Location: North Posted: Sat Dec 18, 1999 5:02 am I just saw Stuart Little It was so sseexxyy! :P ------------------ ------------------ Mongoose http://www.cperry.com Back to top Threnodyjunior memberMember #Joined: 26 Oct 1999Posts: 37 Posted: Sat Dec 18, 1999 10:15 am Sleepy Hollow was an excellent film, great artistic direction, you could randomly pic a shot from the movie and frame it. Definatly Tim Burton's best yet. See it. The Green Mile was also pretty good, as long as you like that kind of story (Slower pace, more emotionaly driven, etc.) Back to top Scudukkajunior memberMember #Joined: 02 Dec 1999Posts: 4 Posted: Wed Dec 29, 1999 5:39 am End Of Days was pretty fresh. Saw it tonight. Damn Freaky, but cool. Back to top AffectedmemberMember #Joined: 22 Oct 1999Posts: 1854Location: Helsinki, Finland Posted: Wed Dec 29, 1999 6:56 am End of days is great if you don't go see it expecting a profound experience... It's so camp you just have to laugh. ------------------ Affected http://affected.cjb.net Back to top BmemberMember #Joined: 12 Jan 2000Posts: 322Location: Houston, Tx, USA Posted: Wed Dec 29, 1999 7:26 am if you liked mystery men you'll love galaxy quest,.it's definatly hilarious,. b Back to top DrBofmemberMember #Joined: 14 Dec 1999Posts: 187Location: nottingham (england) Posted: Thu Dec 30, 1999 5:33 am Muppets from space opened a few days ago here and it's sooo cool Animal kicks many many bootoks and it's got such a funky sound track... James Brown, The Dust Brothers...way cool Back to top BmemberMember #Joined: 12 Jan 2000Posts: 322Location: Houston, Tx, USA Posted: Thu Dec 30, 1999 9:41 am maybe it's full of chocolate, ok... Back to top Scudukkajunior memberMember #Joined: 02 Dec 1999Posts: 4 Posted: Thu Dec 30, 1999 4:50 pm We went to the movie to laugh at Arnie. _____________________________________________ 'Oelem Gfx' http://oele.cjb.net [Soon moving homes] Back to top FunfetusmemberMember #Joined: 26 Oct 1999Posts: 343Location: West Covina, CA Posted: Sun Jan 02, 2000 10:50 pm I just saw a film called "Happiness" yesterday. You can get it on video. It's by Todd Solondz, the guy who did "Welcome to the Dollhouse". It was hilarious, but very shocking, and deeply disturbing to some. It's basically the portrait of a very fucked up community. If you've got a strong stomach for the underbelly of suburbia, definitely check this movie out. ------------------ Funfetus iCE VGA Division http://www.funhousedigital.com Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First Sijun Forums Forum Index -> Random Musings All times are GMT - 8 Hours Page 1 of 1 Jump to: Select a forum Digital Art----------------Digital Art DiscussionWork in ProgressGallery/Finished Work Miscellaneous----------------Random MusingsArchive : Sep99 - Dec00 You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum Powered by phpBB © 2005 phpBB Group


text:
Junior cornerback Tee Shepard's story has been well-documented.
Shepard is hearing impaired, but since he has arrived at Ole Miss, he has been the beneficiary of new hearing technology that has allowed him to hear sounds, such as a coach's whistle.
"The new technology hearing aid I have is phenomenal," Shepard said. "When I got it last fall, I heard my first whistle ever. It's crazy because I'm hearing sounds I haven't heard before, and I'm starting to pick it up."
Shepard is thankful for Ole Miss and the resources they have been able to provide him, specifically someone who understands his impairment in Shannon Singletary, the senior associate athletics director for health and sports performance.
"This is the first place that finally understood how bad my hearing was," Shepard said. "Shannon has a hearing loss himself, so we have that connection, and he's helped out me out big time."
That same fall, when he heard his first whistle, he appeared on the verge of emerging as a starter, or at least a regular contributor, in the Rebels' defensive backfield.
However, his promising fall camp was cut short after tearing a tendon in his toe that required surgery and a long rehabilitation.
"It was a freak accident," Shepard said. "I had never heard of a torn ligament in your toe. Everything happens for a reason. God has made me better this year. I was disappointed, but at the same, it got me ready and prepared for this season."
His toe, Shepard said, is probably about 85 percent, but he trusts it now. He said he also added about 10 pounds that has helped him be even more physical this spring.
"I have always been a physical corner," Shepard said. "You have to be physical because these big wide receivers are physical, like Laquon Treadwell. If we're not physical with them, they're going to outwork you."
Nearing the end of his first spring practice, Shepard has once again emerged as a likely starter at cornerback for the Rebels, perhaps opposite fellow junior Tony Bridges, a junior college transfer.
"We have to be physical, lockdown corners because we can't run our defense the way we want to without us being on an island by ourselves," Shepard said. "I have been looking forward to this moment. It's been a long journey for me. I'm excited. I'm ready to go."
Players Ready to Take on Bigger Roles in Year Two
They did not have the fanfare of the class that came in the year before them, but last year's freshmen made valuable contributions in their own way. Among those then-freshmen are sophomore defensive end Marquis Haynes and sophomore offensive guard Rod Taylor.
Haynes, a Freshman All-America and SEC All-Freshman selection, set an Ole Miss freshman record for sacks with a team-leading 7.5 last season. Coaches and his teammates have noted how Haynes has gotten stronger to play better against the run, which has been a point of emphasis for him going into and through spring practice.
"I didn't trust my power like I should have my freshman year," Haynes said. "This year, I want to try to do better on that. I have been getting stronger. Playing the run against Alabama, I saw what I was doing. This year, I should have a big improvement."
Taylor was a regular in the offensive line rotation and started two games, including the Chick-fil-A Peach Bowl against TCU, getting thrown into the fire due to injuries. It has been a similar case for him this spring, running with the first-team offense and getting a lot of reps, also due to injuries.
"It's been good to get increase reps in practice," Taylor said. "I feel like with me getting a lot of reps at my position, I'm getting better at what I'm supposed to do and I feel like I'm getting better every day. I had to get better with my technique and my stance and putting my hands in the right place. Those are the things I'm getting better at."
The coaches have also raved about second-year players C.J. Hampton, who's emerged at free safety, DeMarquis Gates, who might can play both Mike or Stinger linebacker, and Kendarius Webster, who like Tee Shepard, is in the mix at the cornerback position.