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South African Journal of Science
versão On-line ISSN 1996-7489
versão impressa ISSN 0038-2353
S. Afr. j. sci. vol.104 no.7-8 Pretoria Set./Ago. 2008
Skeletochronology of the endangered side-neck turtle, Podocnemis expansa
Anusuya ChinsamyI, *; Nicole ValenzuelaII
IZoology Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
IIDepartment of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, U.S.A
Previous preliminary markrecapture studies, and assessment of carapace length and annuli of the endangered giant Amazonian river turtle, Podocnemis expansa, have provided some insight into various aspects of their population structure and overall biology. Many questions still remain, however, particularly pertaining to the attainment of sexual maturity, nesting age of females, and longevity of individuals. The current study examines the feasibility of using skeletochronology on the bones of Podocnemis expansa, to obtain data pertaining to these questions, as well as to acquire individual ontogenetic age data. Material for the analysis was opportunistically obtained from 'kitchen remains' and leftovers of natural predators. Our results showed that even after being subjected to such harsh treatment, all the bones in our sample preserved histological detail. By the application of skeletochronology, we estimate the individual ages of all specimens and these compared favourably with age data obtained previously. In spite of our limited sample size, we found a positive relationship between the number of growth rings and carapace length, a slower increase in body size for the larger individuals, and we tentatively suggest that sexual maturity may have occurred at about 56 years of age. On the basis of the findings of this pilot study, we suggest that skeletochronology can be effectively used on this endangered taxon. Furthermore, as skeletochronology can also reliably permit deductions about the age profile of individuals that fall prey to predators, it also has the potential of assisting in the development of effective conservation strategies.
Management of endangered species requires knowledge of the age structure of populations.13 Often this is ascertained by markrecapture studies. However, such studies usually require an extensive time span for long-lived organisms, whereas the endangered status of many species calls for faster data collection that can be used in risk assessment and, ultimately, decision making. The study reported here examines the potential of using skeletochronology as an alternative approach to markrecapture studies of the endangered giant Amazonian river turtle, Podocnemis expansa, by examining the microscopic structure of the bones of these turtles recovered from kitchen remains and natural predation events.
This method involves the determination of the age of the animal from growth marks evident in the skeleton.49 In many poikilotherms, skeletal growth is cyclical, that is, in a single year an animal has alternating periods of fast and slowed growth.5,10 Bone fluorescent labelling experiments have demonstrated that a period of fast growth, represented by a so-called zone, which is deposited during the favourable growing season, which usually corresponds to spring and summer months or periods of rainfall.5,11,12 The period of slowed growth is termed an annulus, and it is often associated with a line of arrested growth (LAG). In some cases, when periodic interruption is abrupt, only a LAG is formed. Thus, assuming that the growth rings (that is, annuli and/or LAGs) are annual, counting the number of these rings present in the skeleton provides a reasonable estimate of the age of the individual.5,8,9,12 Skeletochronology has been, and remains largely, used to determine the age structure of amphibian populations,13,14 including a threatened species,15 as well as some reptilian populations.4,7,16 More specifically, the validity and annual growth marks in marine turtles has been validated in Caretta caretta17 and in Lepidochelys kempii.18
Since Podocnemis expansa is an endangered taxon, large-scale collection of specimens for skeletochronology is not feasible. However, often these turtles end up as a food source for humans.19,20 We therefore decided to collect remains of Podocnemis opportunistically from kitchen leftovers, as well as from the remains of individuals attacked by felids (Felis concolor or Panthera onca) while nesting. Specimens were collected along the middle Caquetá river in Colombia, from the localities of Tres Islas, Puerto Solarte, Puerto Remanso, and Quinché. Individuals were all females except one whose sex is indeterminate. Straight-line carapace length was available for four out of the six individuals.
At the time of collection, bones were preserved in 4% formalin. Later, bones were submerged in commercial bleach overnight to prevent rotting of the soft tissue still attached. The bones were then placed in a detergent solution for two days and then scrubbed to complete the cleaning process. Finally, the bones were left at room temperature until they dried. Undecalcified fragments of femora were embedded in resin and thin-sectioned according to the method outlined in refs 12 and 21. Femora were selected, as it is well recognized that long bones (femora, humeri, and tibiae), sectioned along the neutral axis of the bone (that is, the midshaft region), tend to preserve the history of bone growth best.12 Undecalcified, thin sections were prepared of the mid-shaft regions of the six femora collected, and were studied by polarized and ordinary light microscopy. The bone microstructure was documented, and a count of the growth rings present in the cortical bone was made to deduce the age of the individual. The latter was done 'double-blind' and the results were compared. In most cases there was a high agreement between the results obtained separately; where there were differences, the slides were viewed again to reach a consensus count. In some cases where uncertainties arose because of closely spaced LAGs or discontinuities, a 'bracketed count' is provided.
Considering the fairly harsh treatment of the bones prior to analyses, it is noteworthy that the microstructure of the bone (histology) was still preserved, and that it was fairly similar in all the mid-shaft sections examined. Cross sections of the femora revealed a distinct compacted region of cortical bone, which surrounds a medullary cavity that contains a large amount of cancellous bone tissue (Figs 13). In general, the cortical bone is well vascularized by numerous simple blood vessels, which are embedded in a pseudo-lamellar or lamellar type of bone tissue. Primary osteons occur infrequently in the bone tissue formed during early stages of growth. A large amount of secondary reconstruction is evident in the peri-medullary region, and a number of secondary osteons are present in this region. Distinct cycles of growth were observed in all individuals studied (Table 1). With an increase in the number of growth rings, the texture of the bone changes from a pseudo-lamellar type to a more poorly vascularized lamellar type of bone tissue (Figs 2 and 3). The intensive secondary reconstruction in the peri-medullary region may have resulted in the obliteration of bone (and growth rings) formed early during ontogeny (Figs 2 and 3).
The youngest individual in the sample was specimen PS1, with a carapace length of 445 mm, and five growth rings are evident in the cortical bone (Fig. 1B). Resorption of bone around vascular canals is already under way, and a large number of enlarged erosion cavities are evident, with several reaching cancellous dimensions (Fig. 1A). Given the level of secondary reconstruction evident in the peri-medullary region (Fig. 1A), it is possible that one or more growth rings may have been removed but we do not have younger individuals with which to compare.
Studies by Alho et al.22 and Hildebrand et al.23 have suggested that the size of P. expansa nesting females ranges from 450820 mm carapace length. Thus, PS1, with a carapace length of 445 mm, is of a similar size to the smallest nesting female reported thus far.
After the attainment of sexual maturity, a narrowing of consecutive zones occurs, so it is possible that deductions can be made regarding the onset of sexual maturity in Podocnemis expansa.5,12 However, it is noteworthy that the spacing of annuli/LAGs is quite complex as it varies in a cross section because of the overall morphology of the bone, and because of local growth conditions.5 Bearing this is mind, it is nevertheless evident that in the youngest individual studied, specimen PS1, the zonal regions following the 3rd annulus visible from the medullary cavity are substantially narrow. The two earlier zones closest to the medullary cavity measure (maximally) about 578 and 455 µm, respectively, and there is about 2164 µm of resorptive bone right up to the middle of the medullary cavity, so that it is quite likely that 23 growth rings may have been resorbed (assuming a conservative average zonal size of about 516 µm). Unfortunately, we do not have younger individuals with which to measure the amount of bone formed in the zonal regions during early stages of ontogeny, and especially that formed during the first year of growth. Because of this lack of juveniles, we were unable also to measure the diameter of the bone of a hatchling in the first year of growth, which could have provided a good estimate of how much bone is resorbed at different stages of ontogeny.9 Given that hatchlings tend to deposit bone rapidly and have fast growth rates, however, it can be assumed that the initial zones were probably much wider. If it were assumed that two or three growth rings were removed during the growth of this individual, then sexual maturity occurred around 56 years of ontogeny (as represented by the substantial narrowing of the zones after the third visible annulus). Previous studies using mark and recapture data have suggested that maturity in P. expansa is attained in 45 years24 (although the author cautions that there may have been some uncertainty in the marking year of some specimens). Interestingly, Ojasti25 reported that a Venezuelan fisherman stated that it takes seven years for female P. expansa to reach maturity, but these data are unconfirmed. Pritchard and Trebbau26 suggested that sexual maturity in Podocnemis may be attained closer to 15 years of age, based on carapace annuli data from Venezuelan specimens, whereas captive animals kept at the Goeldi museum in Belém, Brazil, reached maturity in eight years.19 Finally, captive animals kept by FUDECI at the Estación Experimental Amazonas in Puerto Ayacucho, Venezuela, did not attain maturity after five years even though they exhibited accelerated growth induced by intensive feeding (O. Hernandez, pers. comm.). Thus, it appears that our skeletochronological data most closely agree with Ramirez,24 and we suggest that skeletochronology on younger individuals will shed further light on this aspect of their reproductive biology. This may require targeted collection of smaller/younger individuals rather than the opportunistic sampling used in this analysis. Alternatively, a sampling strategy using digits of individuals of all age/size classes could be effectively employed.
The largest individual in our sample, specimen TS3, has 14 growth rings visible in the cortical bone (Fig. 3). However, because substantial secondary reconstruction has occurred around the medullary cavity (Fig. 3), earlier growth rings may have been removed. This individual is therefore likely to be relatively old. Longevity of the species has been estimated at between 4050 years and the largest reported size for females is 820 mm.23 The largest individual in our sample has a carapace length of 710 mm, and has 14 growth rings present in its cortical bone. Even if there were substantial reconstruction in the peri-medullary region, resulting in the removal of earlier growth rings, it is unlikely that it was as old as Hildebrand's23 largest individual. It should be noted in particular that the earliest growth ring preserved in this specimen is fairly wide (Fig. 3), which suggests that it was formed relatively early in ontogeny. The fact that subsequent zones are all much narrower, suggests that this zone is equivalent to the third visible zone in the youngest individual, PS1, and could possibly represent sexual maturity. If this were the case, this widest zone represents the fifth or sixth year of growth, thus giving an estimate of at least 20 years for this individual. It should be noted, however, that longevity estimated by skeletochronology is always a minimum because osteogenesis can stop whereas ageing continues.4
The results from this preliminary survey are very encouraging for several reasons. First, it is evident that the alternating periods of growth reflected in the bone microstructure of Podocnemis expansa can be used for skeletochronology. Second, it is noteworthy that some samples for this study were collected from kitchen remains. Thus, even though the bones had been cooked, their microstructure was unaltered. Histological analysis permitted the application of skeletochronology, which allowed the deduction of life-history information about the endangered turtle. The results of our pilot study suggest that more complete sampling schemes can be designed using specimens that are normally harvested by local people (or from natural predation events), without posing any additional pressure on the populations of this endangered turtle species. We suggest, however, that future studies make every effort to sample multiple bones from each individual to assess growth mark count variation within individuals.
Although our sample was fairly limited, our data showed a positive relationship between the number of growth rings and carapace length, and a slower increase in body size for the larger individuals (Table 1), as would be expected for species with indeterminate growth as is the case of P. expansa.25 Our results further emphasize the great potential of using skeletochronology for future surveys of P. expansa and other endangered poikilothermic species, as it directly addresses important questions such as longevity, sexual maturity, and population age structure. Answering these questions appropriately will require much larger sample sizes incorporating males and females from a wider range of body sizes to assess the growth patterns of the taxon. Given that P. expansa is endangered, however, and that human and predator exploitation may be confined to a particular size/age class of individuals, there is obviously a difficulty in obtaining samples of other segments of the population using our collection method. It is possible that wider sampling opportunities could come from the marketplace in some localities where this species is found, but this would most likely also be restricted to particular age/size classes. Thus, it seems that it may be necessary to undertake a targeted collection of digits of different age/size classes from the natural population.
From a conservation standpoint, it is important to compare the subset of exploited females with the general distribution of females in natural populations (perhaps by sampling a digit from the latter) to confirm if local people are collecting older females preferentially because they are larger in size. In this case, to standardize the skeletochronological assessments, digits from exploited females should also be sampled. Age-biased exploitation would affect the age structure of the population, while size-biased exploitation may impact population sex ratios because larger P. expansa females build deeper nests, which experience colder temperatures and tend to produce more male-biased sex ratios.27,28 Thus, it appears that carefully constrained studies making use of skeletochronology have the potential to provide information to enable the development of effective conservation strategies for P. expansa.
We are grateful to D. Muñoz and E. Moreno for providing us with the specimens used in this study, and to K. von Willig and K. Mvumvu-Sidinile for technical assistance. Jacques Castanet and an anonymous reviewer are acknowledged for having commented on this manuscript. This study was supported in part by the NRF (South Africa), Colciencias COD 6218-13-143-95 RC-288-96 (Colombia), the National Science Foundation IBN-9800679 (U.S.A.), and the Ford Foundation grant 9600929 (U.S.A).
1. Dennis B., Munholland P.L. and Scott J.M. (1991). Estimation of growth and extinction parameters for endangered species. Ecol. Monogr. 61, 115144. [ Links ]
2. Durant S.M. and Harwood J. (1992). Assessment of monitoring and management strategies for local populations of the Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus. Biol. Conserv. 61, 8192. [ Links ]
3. Williams L.R, Echelle A.A., Toepfer C.S., Williams-Marsha M.G. and Fisher F.L. (1999). Simulation modeling of population viability for the leopard darter (Percidae: Percina pantherina). Southw. Nat. 44, 470477. [ Links ]
4. Castanet J. Newman D.G. and Saint Girons H. (1988). Skeletochronological data on the growth, age, and population structure of the tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus, on Stephens and Lady Alice Islands, New Zealand. Herpetologica 44, 2537. [ Links ]
5. Castanet J., Vieillot H.F., Meunier F.J and Ricqles De A. (1993). Bone and individual aging. Bone (Bone growth). Bone 7, 245283. [ Links ]
6. Chinsamy A. (1993). Bone histology and growth trajectory of the prosauropod dinosaur Massopondylus carinatus Owen. Mod. Geol. 18, 319329. [ Links ]
7. Chinsamy A., Hanrahan S.A., Neto R.M. and Seely M. (1995). Skeletochronological assessment of age in Angolosaurus skoogi, a cordylid lizard living in an aseasonal environment. J.Herpetol. 29, 457460. [ Links ]
8. Zug G.R., Wynn A.H. and Ruckdeschel C. (1986). Age determination of loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta by incremental growth marks in the skeleton. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 427, 134. [ Links ]
9. Zug G.R., Chaloupka M. and Balaz G.H. (2006). Age and growth in olive ridley seaturtles 9. (Lepidochelys olivacea) from the north-central Pacific: a skeletochronological analysis. Mar. Ecol. 27, 263270. [ Links ]
10. Chinsamy A. and Dodson P. (1995). Inside a dinosaur bone. Am. Sci. 83, 174180. [ Links ]
11. Hutton J.M. (1986). Age determination of living Nile crocodiles from the cortical stratification of bone. Copeia 1986, 332341. [ Links ]
12. Chinsamy-Turan A. (2005). The Microstructure of Dinosaur Bone Deciphering Biology with Fine Scale Techniques. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. [ Links ]
13. Sagor E.S., Ouellet M., Barten E. and Green D.M. (1998). Skeletochronology and geographic variation in age structure in the wood frog, Rana sylvatica. J. Herpetol. 32, 469474. [ Links ]
14. Guarino F.M. and Erismis U.M. (2008). Age determination and growth by skeletochronology of Rana holtzi, an endemic frog from Turkey. Ital. J. Zool. 75, 237242. [ Links ]
15. Driscoll D.A. (1999). Skeletochronological assessment of age structure and population stability for two threatened frog species. Aust. J. Ecol. 24, 182189. [ Links ]
16. Castanet J. and Smirina E. (1990). Introduction to the skeletochronological method in amphibians and reptiles. Ann. Scien. Nat., Zool., Paris 13e Sér. 11, 191196. [ Links ]
17. Coles W.C., Musick J.A. and Williamson L.A. (2001). Skeletochronology validation from an adult loggerhead (Caretta caretta). Copeia 1, 240242. [ Links ]
18. Snover M.L. and Hohn A.A. (2004). Validation and interpretation of annual skeletal marks in loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) sea turtles. Fishery Bull. 100, 876880. [ Links ]
19. Alho C.J.R. (1985). Conservation and management strategies for commonly exploited Amazonian turtles. Biol. Conserv. 32, 291298. [ Links ]
20. Klemens M.W. and Thorbjarnarson J.B. (1995). Reptiles as food source. Biodiversity and Conservation 4, 281298. [ Links ]
21. Chinsamy A. and Raath M.A. (1992). Preparation of bone for histological study. Palaeont. afr. 29, 3944. [ Links ]
22. Alho C.J.R., Carlvalho A.G. and Pádua L.F.M. (1979). Ecologia da tartaruga da Amazônia e avaliaçâo de seu manejo na reserva biológica do Trombetas. Brasil Forestal 9, 2947. [ Links ]
23. Hildebrand V.P., Bermúdez N. and Peñuela M.C. (1997). La tortuga charapa (Podocnemis expansa) en el río Caquetá, Amazonas, Colombia. Aspectos de su biología reproductiva y técnicas para su manejo. Disloque Editores, Santafé de Bogotá, Colombia. [ Links ]
24. Ramírez M.V. (1956). La tortuga, estudio biológico de la tortuga 'arrau' del Orinoco, Venezuela. El Agricultor Venzolano 21, 4463. [ Links ]
25. Ojasti J. (1971). La tortuga Arrau del Orinoco. Defensa de la Naturaleza 1, 39. [ Links ]
26. Pritchard P.C.H. and Trebbau P. (1984). The Turtles of Venezuela. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Athens, Ohio. [ Links ]
27. Valenzuela N. (2001). Constant, shift and natural temperature effects on sex determination in Podocnemis expansa turtles. Ecology 82, 11081122. [ Links ]
28. Valenzuela N. (2001). Maternal effects on life history traits in the Amazonian giant river turtle Podocnemis expansa. J. Herpetol. 35, 368378. [ Links ]
Received 12 December 2007. Accepted 18 May 2008.
* Author for correspondence. E-mail: email@example.com


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mod_rewrite recipes and guides
Please note that these pages are not intended to serve as reference documentation for mod_rewrite. For the background information, and how to configure mod_rewrite please see http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/rewrite/
Below is a list of FAQs, common issues and other useful information.
When NOT to use mod_rewrite (with alternative solutions)
- Troubleshooting

subset: commoncrawl


text: Yesterday I ran across the relatively new (but already with 12 million users) social media site Pinterest. It is very visually based and seems perfect for AFOLs - kind of a mix of Facebook and Flickr. You can set your own site up with different bulletin boards (either from a list of theirs or defined by you) and then you 'pin' items (emphasis on images) to the boards via a very quick automated function you can add to your browser (there's an app for it as well, but I haven't tried that out yet). These could be your own images or just stuff you find interesting as you surf about - when you pin something it automatically includes a link back to the original location. Anyway, here's my Pinterest boards so you can see what I mean. I set mine up so I have different boards for recent content from my different blogs, and also to my MOCs and my favorite sites.


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Long-time Ole Miss athletic trainer Leroy Mullins will be inducted into the Southeast Athletic Trainers' Association Hall of Fame later this month. He will be recognized at the organization's annual clinical symposium March 14-16 at the Crown Plaza Ravinia Hotel in Atlanta, with an awards luncheon scheduled for March 15 at noon.
Mullins held a variety of positions in his 29 years with the Ole Miss athletic department, including head athletic trainer, director of insurance and wellness and the director of sports medicine.
He is best remembered for his on-field care and treatment for Chucky Mullins, who had his career at Ole Miss come to a tragic end Oct. 28, 1989 when he broke his neck while making a tackle against Vanderbilt, which left him paralyzed from the neck down.
"You did not take anything for granted," said Leroy of that day. "You go to the practice field every day, or go into a ball game, and then it would come to an end. You leave there and go back to your training room and you have bruises and things of that nature that you have to take care of, but that day with Chucky, I couldn't do anything more. It was beyond my control. It was beyond my hands, and I had to turn it loose and put in the good Lord's hands. I believe the good Lord had a plan for Chucky, and he honored that plan. And Chucky's life is being honored today. The handicap scholarship fund that was established in Chucky's name is still helping students go to school. Chucky's memory will never die, and I hope that The University of Mississippi continues to keep that alive because he united the university in so many different ways.
"That was the big case of my career. That's the case that I'm remembered the most for. I will never forget it. It changed my life. It changed my children's lives. I can remember telling my family that night after he got hurt that we would never be the same."


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Reforming Global Finance: What is the G20 Missing?
Editor's Note: Professor Franklin Allen came to the World Bank on October 27 to give an FPD Chief Economist Talk on the topic of Reforming Global Finance: What is the G20 Missing? Please see the FPD Chief Economist Talk page to download a copy of his presentation and watch a video of his Talk.
The recent financial crisis clearly had more than one cause. My view is that the most important one was a bubble in real estate prices, not only in the US but also in a number of other countries such as Spain and Ireland. It was the bursting of this bubble that has led to so many problems in the world economy. A significant part of this is a direct effect on the real economy rather than an effect transmitted through the financial system. For example, Spain had one of the best regulated banking systems and its banks did much better than in other countries. Yet with a doubling of its unemployment rate to 20 percent, its real economy has been devastated. In contrast countries like Germany that did not have a real estate bubble but had much larger drops in GDP have not suffered nearly as much. Germany's unemployment rate is now lower than at the start of the crisis.


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Fall! Finally it's here: The beginning of the windy season in Northern Europe with all those stormy days and its increasing swell size. This year the German Ozone Team around distributor Sanja spent those days in windy Klitmoller, Denmark. The new REO 2014 was there for some testing and as a special goodie Ozone Team rider Marc Ramseier was running one of his wave coaching clinics in the waves of Thy.
The clinic was booked out and made ten happy kiters more qualified waveriders. A wooden cottage was rented where all the participants stayed together and had the chance to get all the theoretical knowledge and practice required, taking advantage of the non windy hours after breakfast. In the evening a fire was lit and Marc ran his video analysis of the footage he had been taking of the days' action on the water. Meanwhile the rest of the group gathered around the fireplace discussing board shapes, kite models, travel destinations and of course love. The good life!
We were quite lucky regarding wind and waves on Saturday and Sunday and managed to get all the new toys out for a spin. Every size of the new REO has been out on the water and made a lot of new friends among those testing it. A great weekend with the only downside being it passing so quickly.
Special thanks to Kai and Erk for the pictures and to Ozone Rider Jonas Steffen for the video he shot during the event!


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As the JPMorgan Chase trading loss and European debt mess rekindle memories of the financial crisis of 2008-2009, it's easy to forget how much U.S. stocks have bounced back since then. Until the recent turbulence, the major indices were at notable levels. Specifically, the tech sector was at its highest level since the bubble days of a decade ago. And despite all the hand wringing of late, the Nasdaq Composite is still only off some 5 percent from its April peak.
Given tech's market leadership this year and the emerging comparisons to the crisis of several years ago, we rounded up the 10 best performance tech ETFs over the past three years. (More specifically, the period covers the markets' crisis low of March 9, 2009, to the March 26, 2012, peak.)
Though you'll recognize some big names and old favorites among the funds' top-five holdings, you'll be surprised by what's missing in many of them, as well as the overall diversity.
Click ahead to see the best-performing tech ETFS.
Posted 14 May 2012
Sources: performance and rankings from Morningstar; holdings from Fidelity (though May 10.)


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In the years since the Afghanistan invasion, the CIA, long a covert intelligence gathering body, entered a phase of growing militancy that has rendered headline after headline in U.S. mainstream media — and that's due in no small part to its relationship with military operators.
On December 26th, Greg Miller and Julie Tate of the Washington Post published an article about something called the "Global Response Staff" (GRS).
From their post:
The increasingly conspicuous role of the GRS is part of a broader expansion of the CIA's paramilitary capabilities over the past 10 years. Beyond hiring former U.S. military commandos, the agency has collaborated with U.S. Special Operations teams on missions including the raid that killed Osama bin Laden and has killed thousands of Islamist militants and civilians with its fleet of armed drones.
This paramilitary unit, comprised of "scorpions" — the most lethal of American military special operators — is responsible for protecting covert agents and classified drone sites in countries like Yemen, Lebanon, Pakistan and Libya (surely among other unnamed places).
GRS members, untrained in local languages and not expected to be writing up intelligence reports, often come with SWAT team or U.S. Special Forces backgrounds. In sensitive situations their actions have brought attention to covert CIA operations.
Glen Doherty and Tyrone Woods, the two agents who died in the Benghazi incident earlier this year, were both a part of the GRS, which the Post reports has at least 125 overseas employees. Raymond Davis, the "diplomat" captured in Pakistan in early 2011, was also a member of the group.
Their big exposure began in 2011 when Davis opened fired on a couple Pakistani thugs who confronted him in the busy streets of Lahore.
From the Guardian:
Davis, a former special forces soldier, whipped out his 9mm semi-automatic Glock pistol and, still behind the wheel, opened fire. Five shots sliced through the windscreen. Muhammad Faheem, a 19-year-old street criminal, fell dead.
Then a rescue detachment speeding the wrong way down the street in a Toyota Land Cruiser ran down a "cosmetics trader" and just kept going.
Kind of the opposite of covert.
A year and a half later, Fox reported that Woods was in a truck "revving the engine" while the diplomatic mission in Benghazi was under attack. Revving because they were supposedly ordered to "stand down" by CIA Agents, a claim the Agency not only denies, but follows up by saying that there was "no delay" in their response time.
Regardless, their response took about a half hour to reach the mission, which was about a mile away, a distance most Navy SEALs can make on foot, in full gear, in about six or seven minutes.
As we've covered here at Business Insider already, the actions of Woods and other GRS employees to rescue diplomats at the mission appear to have brought the fight, and thus exposure, to the previously classified CIA Annex.
These missteps by GRS members have given rising comprehension of and recognition to the CIA's most secretive unit: the Special Activities Division, or SAD.
The Agency's SAD is itself comprised of case officers and former special operators, and goes hand-in-hand with the growing use of drone warfare since the beginning of the Global War on Terror.
The combination of the high-visibility drone program and partnerships with special operators, for security or daring raids, has brought unprecedented exposure to military-style operations the CIA has carefully expanded over the past 10 or so years.


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BOWLING GREEN, Ky. -- The Western Kentucky Board of Regents has approved a new degree program in film. The university hopes the the unique degree will attract a broader range of students and increase its international reach.
David Lee, dean of Western Kentucky's Potter College of Arts and Letters, said there is no degree he has been asked about more than the film program.
"This is one that is going to really drive enrollment," Lee told the Daily News in Bowling Green.
The film program will be offered through the school of journalism and broadcasting, which already offers some classes and film production courses. The university hosts a number of film series and film festivals that attract dozens of student productions from nearly every undergraduate major.
University officials expect the new film major to enroll about 50 students by the end of the first year, in part due to attrition from the major in broadcasting.
Steve White, coordinator of the WKU broadcasting program, said that while the broadcasting program numbers might be affected, overall enrollment in the journalism and broadcasting school will increase as a result of the film major.
"We have people show up for film who are not educated on what the difference is between film and video, so initially they will gravitate toward the film track," he said.
The new bachelor's degree in Asian religions and cultures will be offered through the Department of Philosophy and Religion.
The board, which met April 22, also approved a new bachelor of science in organizational leadership; a bachelor's in art history; and a new associate of science program in water resources management, which will be offered through the Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences in the Bowling Green Community College.
For more information, visit wku.ed


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id: 80612, name: "Aisay Nahi Chalay Ga with Dr. Aamir Liaquat"
id: 172948, name: "Tajzia Sami Ibrahim Kay Sath"
id: 19, name: "Ab Pata Chala"
id: 22, name: "Bol News Headquarter"
Chief of Army Staff General Qamar Javed Bajwa (COAS) has said that the ongoing Pak-China International Air Exercise Shaheen-VII would further strengthen and promote friendship, exchanges and cooperation between the two countries, according to an Inter-Services Public Relations press release.
The COAS witnessed the exercise at an operational air base of Pakistan Air Force, and said that the exercise will also benefit the armed forces of both the countries.
Upon his arrival, the army chief was received by Chief of the Air Staff, Air Chief Marshal Mujahid Anwar Khan, said the ISPR.
While interacting with the combat crew, COAS lauded the professionalism of the participants of the exercise and appreciated the efforts of the PAF and People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) in conducting the international air exercise.
Peshawar Zalmi defeats Karachi Kings by 61 runsSPORTS
FM Qureshi meets Omani counterpartNational
Rawalpindi Corps Commander visits LoCDefence/Forces
Abducted Quetta neurosurgeon returns homeNational
Mayor Karachi not to demolish marriage hallsNational
School van catches fire in Karachi's FB AreaNational
ATC dismisses cases against Naqeebullah MehsudCrime
UNGA president meets army chiefDefence/Forces
Nawaz undergoes medical examination at PICNational
Trump asks Democrats to return to workInternational
FM Qureshi calls on Chinese ambassadorGOVERNMENT
Will act against drug mafia, says AfridiGOVERNMENT
Will take action on JIT report: Punjab CMNational
Avalanche in Kashmir Himalayas kills 5International
PPP to oppose extension to military courtsPOLITICS
Ikram Sehgal appointed as K-Electric chairmanNational
Court reserves verdict on Ayyan Ali's appealCourt
PM Khan won't complete his term: ZardariPOLITICS
PM Imran Khan meets delegation of MQMGOVERNMENT
Manzoor Kakar wins Senate by-electionNational
COAS meets with Karachi's businessmanDefence/Forces
CNG Prices Reduced By Rs. 5 Per KGNational
Farooq Sattar asks authorities for securityPOLITICS
PTI has 18 secret accounts, alleges WahabPOLITICS
NAB Chairman bans foreign visits of officialsNational
NAB summons Miftah Ismail in LNG scam caseNational
SC reverses IHC's order on Grand Hyatt leaseCourt
Target killer among 10 outlaws held in KarachiCrime
Asif Zardari meets Maulana Fazlur RehmanPOLITICS
Rangers arrest 11 suspected criminals in KarachiCrime
Indian troops martyrfour in KashmirInternational
Govt will fall under Its own weight: AbbasiPOLITICS
LPG price raised by Rs. 2 per KgBusiness
PM Imran Khan to leave for Turkey tomorrowNational
Shah Mehmood Qureshi meets Punjab CMGOVERNMENT
Four dead in Loralai coal mine explosionNational
Actress Mathira injured in car accidententertainment
ICC rates Sri Lanka cricket most corruptSPORTS
Maulana Tariq Jameel suffers heart attackReligion
Winter vacations extended in Punjab, KPEducation
Policeman killed, another injured in IslamabadCrime
Two-day ban on pillion riding in KarachiGOVERNMENT
Detailed decision of Flag ship reference issuedCourt
11 development projects of CPEC completedBusiness
PM Imran Khan be placed on ECL, demands PPPPOLITICS
Saad Rafique faces another embezzlement probeNational
HEC authenticates NAB Lahore chief's degreeNational
CM Sindh criticises PM Imran KhanPOLITICS
Qatar Visa Centre opens in IslamabadNational
India releases two Pakistani nationalsNational
Nepra notifies tariff hike by Rs1.27 per unitNational
Australia beat India by 146 runs in Perth TestSPORTS
Renowned actor Ali Ejaz dies aged 77entertainment
Pakistan to host 2020 Asia CupSPORTS
Former PPP leader Shaukat Basra joins PTIPOLITICS
SC orders private schools to cut fee by 20pcCourt
SC orders Aleema Khan to deposit Rs29.5 millionCourt
Hamza Shehbaz barred from leaving PakistanNational
Pakistan, Saudi Arabia sign Hajj agreementReligion
Pakistan Navy observes Hangor DayDefence/Forces
PTI minister Azam Swati tenders resignationNational
Model Town case: SC orders formation of new JITCourt
Hafeez announces retirement from Test cricketSPORTS
Pakistan lose first Test by four runsSPORTS
Speaker NA Asad Qaiser calls on Saudi envoyGOVERNMENT
Crackdown against rioters across the countryCrime
CJP Saqib Nisar undergoes angioplastyNational
Pillion riding ban lifted across SindhNational
Azhar Ali retires from ODI cricketSPORTS
Najam Sethi sends legal notice to PCB chairmanSPORTS
Rana Mashood's PML-N membership suspendedPOLITICS
PIA shifted to Turkish Operating SystemNational
Begum Kulsoon Nawaz passes away in LondonNational
UAE Foreign Minister phones FM QureshiGOVERNMENT
FC foils terror bid in Zhob BalochistanCrime
Rangers arrest three suspects in Korangi raidCrime
One martyred in Indian firing along LoCNational
FM Qureshi to visit Kabul on Sept 15GOVERNMENT
US congratulates new President Arif AlviInternational
PMSA inducts 5th maritime patrol vesselDefence/Forces
PPL discovers hydrocarbons at ChakwalBusiness
Sindh Governor House opens to publicLifestyle
Talal challenges apex court's contempt verdictCourt
Qureshi visits Capt Afzal Shaheed's familyNational
Japan earthquake death toll rises to 16International
Karachi Police killed three TTP terroristsCrime
Electricity price increased by Rs2 per unitBusiness
Arif Alvi no match for Aitzaz Ahsan: BilawalPOLITICS
Japanese minister calls on PM Imran KhanGOVERNMENT
Japan's Foreign Ministers meets FM QureshiNational
No breakthrough in Pakistan-India water talksNational
Iranian Foreign Minister arrives in PakistanInternational
Circular debt reaches Rs596bn, ECC toldGOVERNMENT
Govt appoints Jahanzeb Khan as Chairman FBRNational
Punjab to work on human development: MinisterPOLITICS
23-members of Punjab cabinet takes oathNational
Balochistan 10 member cabinet takes OathNational
Imran Ismail to take oath as Governor SindhNational
Naval Station Commander meets CM BuzdarGOVERNMENT
American Senator John McCain diedInternational
18 dead in as China hotel catches fireInternational
Four died in car accident in SialkotCrime
Nation remembered national hero Rashid MinhasNational
Tarbela dam attains maximum conservation levelNational
First Eid special train departs for PeshawarNational
Navjot Singh Sidhu arrived in PakistanNational
Shah Mehmood Qureshi Meet with Chinese EnvoyPOLITICS
Govt announces 3-day Eid holidaysNational
No 'ambitions' to be next Imran KhanSPORTS
Imran Ismail is acting like an emperor: PPPPOLITICS
PPP to strengthen democracy: BilawalPOLITICS
Army launches mass plantation driveDefence/Forces
Eid-ul-Azha 2018, Zil-Hajj moon sightedNational
One killed and 12 injured in C haman blastNational
PIA flight left 70 Hajj pilgrims behindNational
Six FC men die in bus-truck collisionCrime
Pak Navy rescues 22 people in operationDefence/Forces
Sindh Assembly to meet on August 13National
Shahzaib Hassan ban increased to 4 YearsSPORTS
ECP orders re-election in PK-23 ShanglaNational
Israeli Airstrikes Kill three in GazaInternational
Bosnian ambassador calls on COASDefence/Forces
Eid holidays announced in Saudi ArabiaInternational
Qadri slams protesting politiciansPOLITICS
US Acting Ambassador meets Imran Khan in BanigalaPOLITICS
ECP uploads Form 45 on its websiteElections


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ECS Motherboard First to Support AMD Memory Profiles (AMP)
Subject: Motherboards | July 23, 2012 - 05:32 PM | Tim Verry
Tagged: motherboard, memory profile, memory, ECS, amp, amd
Elitegroup Computer Systems (ECS) recently announced its support for the new AMD Memory Profile (AMP) technology. The A85F2-A Deluxe will be the first of the company's motherboards to support AMP.
AMP is AMD's version of Intel Extreme Memory Profiles (XMP) which amounts to known-safe automatic overclock settings. The AMP profiles are stored in the DDR3 memory modules and can be read by supporting motherboards. Now knowing the proper voltage, CAS latencies, and timings to use, the motherboard can ideally automatically configure the modules to run at optimal speeds.
The setting will be able to be enabled/disabled in the BIOS of the new ECS motherboard, as shown in the screenshot below. According to its press release, ECS is the first company to integrate AMD Memory Profile support into its motherboards, and it is honored to lead the charge. "Making a unique and glory prominent product is the only purpose for ECS."
Here's hoping the implementation works well and is more accurate than my experience with XMP profiles has been! Will you be using AMP in your AMD builds?
Video News
Perfect a motherboard with AMP supporting.
Problem is AMP memory is not for sale in Europe, only in America.
Can you send me the following:
AMD Radeon Gamer Series
Designed to offer superior performance for the hardcore gamer.
•Two Dual Kit
•Up to 2133MHz
•Density up to 4 x 8 Gb =32 Gb
Hans Doruyter
The Netherlands


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What's a tip for celebrating a holiday or milestone with your kids when your partner isn't able to be there?
Our family has had to celebrate a lot of holidays without my husband at home. We work hard to still celebrate and enjoy the day but there are some tips that I have found helpful over the years...
1. Acknowledge the accomplishments, anniversaries, birthdays, etc.
2. Prioritize what is important to do on the day or at the event. You cannot be all things to all people and do it all but you can work on ensuring the things that matter most are done
3 Acknowledge the absence, don't pretend that all is fabulous. Share your feelings about being sad or angry that they are not there to celebrate then move on with making the most of it
4. Take a ton of photos of the big and small things and include a few notes about why he/she was missed
5. Don't try to do everything the exact same way, accept that things are different and do things that feel right or work for you. Sometimes you can create a new routine or tradition that will be enjoyed for years whether you are together or not


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Johnny Rockets Parent Seeks Buyer
Monday, February 4, 2013
The owner of Aliso Viejo-based Johnny Rockets Restaurant Group Inc. is exploring a possible sale of the American diner-themed chain.
Virginia investment fund RedZone Capital GP LLC, led by Washington Redskins owner Dan Snyder, hired San Francisco advisory firm North Point Advisors to look into a possible sale, according to a Johnny Rockets spokesperson.
There is no timeline on the process, the spokeswoman added.
Johnny Rockets counts more than 300 restaurants in the U.S. and internationally, most of them franchised.
The company, which has estimated sales of $300 million, has been expanding its international locations at a rapid clip with growth last year in Colombia, Brazil and Pakistan among other places. The openings followed the promotion of Steve Devine to president of the company's newly established international division.
RedZone bought Johnny Rockets in 2007 for an undisclosed amount.
The news comes on the heels of last month's announcement of Bob Evans Farms Inc.'s deal to sell Irvine-based Mimi's Café to restaurant operator LeDuff America Inc. in Dallas for $50 million.


text: I have a couple of 10 GbE cards from HP (NC510F, NetXen/QLogic) and I have been trying to get them to work in non-HP Linux systems. After failing to be able to comile/install the nx_nic drivers on Fedora 9 and 12 (it checks to see if kernel >= 2.6.27 and if so looks for net/8021q/vlan.h but can't find it) I installed one of the supported distributions (or close enough): CentOS 5. Driver installation went fine and I was able to get one of the cards to work. The other one seems to be bad. The nx_nic driver loads but no eth2 device shows up. Also, the Activity LED is constant but no Link LED lights up. Since I can't get the eth device loaded I can't update the firmware. So, I have one good one and one bad one. Pretty clear-cut. I've tried to get technical support from HP to RMA it and I end up in no-mans land. It seems that they do not have support for peripherals like this. They consider this part of a system and the only systems they seem to think these go in are their Proliant servers so I end up at Proliant tech support. But I have no serial number for a Proliant server so it is a dead end. I tried "Customer Satisfaction" and got none. They insist that these cards are *only* for HP Proliant servers but I have not seen any indication of this at the sites I go to to buy this type of card. I bought this from a reseller when we bought a bunch of Procurve equipment with some 10 GbE modules for a switch. The reseller is seeing what he can do but in the mean time I thought I'd check here to see if anyone has run into this sort of thing from HP. I've always had good luck with HP but it has mainly been from the Procurve section and they won't touch this either. Anyone running HP cards in non-HP equipment? Any tips on getting an RMA for this? I'm thinking of trying to track down an HP server on campus to work with just to get the RMA but I doubt if there are too many of these that aren't in use and still under warranty. Thanks, Steve ______________________________________________________________________ Steve Cousins - Supercomputer Engineer/Administrator - Univ of Maine Marine Sciences, 452 Aubert Hall Target Tech, 20 Godfrey Drive Orono, ME 04469 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Orono, ME 04473 (207) 581-4302 ~ cousins at umit.maine.edu ~ (207) 866-6552


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Applying for a New License (Teen Drivers) in Arizona
License Study Guide - Time Saver
Passing the Arizona written exam has never been easier. It's like having the answers before you take the test.
- Computer, tablet, or iPhone
- Just print and go to the MVD
- State-specific questions targeted at your unique exam
- 100% money back guarantee
So you're ready to earn your very first Arizona driver's license―congratulations! We're here to help. We know the process can seem rather complicated, which is why we've broken it down into easy-to-follow steps that will have you behind the wheel in no time.
New to Arizona?
The AZ Motor Vehicle Division (MVD) handles licensing in Arizona. Teens who have a driver's license in another state can transfer their license to Arizona by:
- Surrendering the old license at the Motor Vehicle Division office.
- Taking a vision exam.
- Paying the $25 fee.
You will be issued a Class G graduated license, and will need to follow the driving restrictions listed below for a Class G license for the first 6 months the license is issued to you.
Teens with out-of-state instruction permits must meet the requirements of Arizona's graduated driver licensing (GDL) program, outlined below.
About the Arizona GDL Program
Arizona is one of many states that has implemented a graduated driver licensing (GDL) program, in which teens must complete a number of requirements before obtaining a full driver's license. In Arizona, teens must first earn a learner's permit, then a Class G graduated license, before earning a full Class D operator's license.
Driver's Education in Arizona
Teens in Arizona have the option of completing a state-approved driver's education course to give themselves a strong foundation for safe and responsible driving. This course will include:
- 30 hours of classroom instruction.
- 6 hours of behind-the-wheel training.
A Driver's Ed course satisfies the requirement for the 30 hours of supervised driving practice required for a graduated driver's license. For more information, visit our page on Driver's Education in Arizona.
Age Requirements
- 15 years and 6 months old: eligible for learner's permit.
- 16 years old: eligible for Class G graduated license.
- 18 years old: eligible for Class D driver's license.
How to Get an Arizona Learner's Permit
You may apply for a graduated instruction permit once you are 15 years and 6 months old. Before you do, it's a good idea to prepare yourself for the written exam. The MVD offers a basic practice test that you can study.
Ace Your Exam on the First Try!
Don't leave your permit test to chance—take our free permit practice test with questions directly from the AZ driver handbook. It's the fastest, easiest way to set yourself up for success!
After you've studied, go to your nearest MVD office and:
- Submit a Driver License Application (Form 40-5122). You may also start your application online.
- If you are under 18 years old your parent or legal guardian's signature must be notarized or witnessed by an MVD agent.
- Provide 2 documents proving your identity. The MVD provides a list of identification requirements.
- Pass a vision exam.
- Pass the DMV written test.
- Pay the $7 instruction permit fee.
Behind-the-Wheel Requirements
With your instruction permit, you must log at least 30 hours of supervised driving practice with a licensed driver 21 years old or older in the front seat at all times. 10 hours must be driven at night, and 20 hours during the daytime.
You must hold your learner's permit for a minimum of 6 months before applying for your graduated driver's license.
Once you've passed your written test, you will be issued your graduated instruction permit. You can now begin your behind-the-wheel practice.
How to Get an Arizona Graduated Driver's License
Once you are at least 16 years old and have held your learner's permit for at least 6 months, you're eligible for your Class G provisional license. Make sure you've either completed all 30 hours of supervised driving practice, or you've completed a state-approved Driver's Ed course (see above).
When you're ready, make an appointment at your local MVD office for your driving test. Make sure to bring:
- Your valid learner's permit.
- One of the following documents:
―Written certification from your parent/guardian proving that you completed 30 hours of supervised driving.
―Proof of completion from a state-approved driver's education course.
- 2 documents proving your identity, with at least 1 document showing your photo.
- If you do not have a photo ID, you'll need 3 documents of identity.
- The registration and proof of insurance for the vehicle you will be testing in.
- A completed Driver License Application (Form 40-5122), which can be started online.
- Parent or legal guardian's signature must be notarized or witnessed by an MVD agent for applicants under 18 years old.
- Payment for the $25 driver's license fee.
Once you pass your DMV road test, you will earn your Class G graduated driver's license. You will keep this license until you turn 18 years old.
Provisional License Driving Restrictions
With your graduated driver's license, there also come some driving restrictions:
- You may not drive with more than 1 passenger under 18 years old, unless:
―They are your siblings.
―You are driving with your parent/guardian in the front seat.
- For the first 6 months with your license, you may not drive between midnight and 5 a.m. unless:
―You are driving with your parent/guardian in the front seat.
―You are driving to or from work, church, school, or because of a family emergency.
After the first 6 months, as long as you have not received any traffic violations or license suspensions, these parameters will be lifted, and you may drive without restriction.
As a licensed driver, it is important that you remember the that while you are behind the wheel, you must have all your attention dedicated to the task of driving. Learn all about the dangers of driving distracted by visiting the Distracted Driving section of our website.
Arizona Class D Operator's License
Once you turn 18 years old, you are eligible to apply for a Class D operator's license. You may either continue to use your Class G provisional license, or you may choose to obtain a new duplicate license with the Class D designation.
To do so, go to your local MVD office with:
- Your provisional license.
- Acceptable documents proving your identity (see above).
- A Driver License Application (Form 40-5122).
- Payment for the $12 duplicate license fee.
You can also obtain a duplicate driver's license online, OR by phone, and by mail, IF you're an active military member or a dependent of an active military member stationed outside of the state.
- Online―Visit the Service Arizona website.
- By phone―(800) 251-5866
- By mail―Send the above documents, with a photocopy of your driver's license and a check made payable to the Motor Vehicle Division, to:
- Motor Vehicle Division
- P.O. Box 2100
- Phoenix, AZ 85001
While you complete the steps towards your first Arizona driver's license, you can follow our new driver checklist.
Auto Insurance in Arizona
You must have auto insurance to drive on Arizona roads, and you must show proof of insurance in order to obtain a driver's license. Adding a teen to a policy can cause prices to skyrocket, so make sure you shop around for the best provider for your family.
Instruction Permit Insurance
Teens with learner's permits may be covered under the insurance of the adult licensed driver who is riding with them. It's wise to contact your insurance company to verify that you are covered when driving the vehicle with an insured adult. If not, it is very important to get an insurance policy that covers the you while driving with a permit.
Graduated License Insurance
Teen drivers are required to show proof of insurance in order to get their driver's license. You may be added to your family's existing policy, a parent's policy, or you might get your own policy.
There may be opportunities for your family to qualify for car insurance discounts. For more information about discounts, rates, and coverage, visit the following pages:
- Teen Guide to Car Insurance.
- Buying Car Insurance for Teens.
- Saving Money on Teen Car Insurance.
- Adding Teens to Your Car Insurance Policy.
- Arizona Insurance Center.
Other Arizona Teen Driver's Licenses
Arizona Teen Motorcycle License
Teens can get a motorcycle learner's permit at 15 years and 6 months old. To do so, go to your local MVD office with:
- Two forms of acceptable identification.
- A Driver License Application (Form 40-5122).
- If you are under 18 years old your parent or legal guardian's signature must be notarized or witnessed by an MVD agent.
- Payment for the $7 permit fee.
You will need to pass the motorcycle DMV written test before you're issued your motorcycle permit. If you haven't yet obtained a regular Class G or D driver's license, you'll also need to pass the written driver's licensing test.
With your permit, you may only drive with a licensed motorcycle driver alongside you. You may not drive between sunset and sunrise, or on freeways or interstate highways. Your permit is valid for 7 months.
Teens can get a motorcycle license when they:
- Are at least 16 years old.
- Have held a motorcycle learner's permit for at least 6 months.
- Complete one of the following requirements:
―Pass an approved motorcycle rider education course.
―Complete at least 30 hours of motorcycle riding practice, with your parent/guardian's written certification.
- Pass the driving test.
- Pay the $25 license fee, or the $7 motorcycle endorsement fee if you already have a Class G or D driver's license.
- 40-5122
- Driver License/Identification Card Application
- Apply for an Arizona driver's license, learner's permit, OR identification card with the MVD.


text:
Former Peabody High School principal Jerry Webster, 74, died Jan. 23 at his home in Independence.
He was born March 24, 1938, near Mulvane to Harold and Gladys Webster.
He graduated from Mulvane High School in 1956 and from Emporia State University in 1962.
After teaching and coaching at Conway Springs and Mulvane, he served as high school principal at several schools, including Peabody High School from August 1973 to June 1979.
He went to Neodesha as principal when he left Peabody and ended his career in education there as superintendent of schools.
He married Kirsten Radford on Sept. 4, 1957, in Mulvane. She survives of the home.
He is also survived by two sons, Gregg of Independence and Mark of Oklahoma City; one sister, Judy Wayman of Mulvane; one brother, Harold of Springfield, Mo.; and six grandchildren.
He was preceded in death by his parents; a sister, Odessa Holland; and a brother, Marvin Webster.
Services were held at 11 a.m. Saturday at First United Methodist Church of Independence.
Memorial funds have been established for the American Cancer Society and the Wilson County Hospital Foundation.


text:
Are you a fashion lover and you can attend summer parties by wearing stylish and modish summer dress then you can now choose latest rang basanti summer dress collection 2015 by Mona Imran? Let's talk about the fashion designer of Mona Imran as a designer. Mona Imran is well thought-out to be promising and endowed female fashion designer of Pakistan. Mona Imran has designed many other collections but this time gives something different in rang basanti summer dress collection 2015. The main outfits of Mona Imran are party wear, casual, formal wear, pret and bridal wear. Mona Imran has introduced her unique summer dress collection 2015 for ladies. These dresses are designed according to modern traditional trends. In this collection designer has beautiful color combination and pattern.
The dresses of this summer collection 2015 added long shirts with tights and trousers. This astonishing collection was full of attractive looks and well-designed stitching styles. In this collection designer has used beautiful colors such as white, purple, pink and dark colors are used to enhance the beauty of these rang basanti summer dress collection 2015. In these dresses designer has given touch eastern and western styles. That's mean you will find everything in this summer collection like as stylish cuts, bright color shades, high quality fabrics etc. In short, Mona Imran summer dress collection is attractive, classy and modernity. Hope you will like it.
Rang Basanti Summer 2015 Collection
Please add circle on Google+, like ourFacebook page, connected with Twitter, follow us on Pinterest and leave your precious comments…! Keep in touch with us on Clothing PK to change your life style


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Legendary Ninja
Joined: 07 Aug 2005
Posts: 1322
Location: Pasadena, CA
Gamertag: Keylay
Posted: Thu Mar 14, 2013 11:45 am
Post subject:
You can use Ryu to unlock Kasumi. You just have to get S rank on both chapters and all difficulties in Chapter Challenge. I thought the days of UT spamming would be gone but looks like it's the best way to win. I only got to play a little last night. I am working on Hard mode now. I'm hearing cool things about Kasumi so I'm excited to get back and unlock her. The best strategy to get S ranks is to SoB chain when the enemies glow red. They make a noise before they do so you can listen for that. And when you delimb them, they try to grab more often so you can use that to your advantage.
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Greater Ninja
Joined: 19 Jun 2011
Posts: 208
Posted: Fri Mar 15, 2013 6:25 am
Post subject:
So, I played the demo.
First impression:
Okay, the sword seems to be the same, nothing much to see
Second impression:
Oh? I couldn't do that move before. That one either. And that one let's try the claws.
Third impression:
Holy crap, they are fast! With plenty of new moves too! Let's go into the first fight.
Fourth impression:
Ahaha, these grunts, so pathe hey, let me some time to breathe, damnit what the since when are these mooks this agressive?! And since when can they dodge my attacks?!
Fifth impression:
Oh, the good ol' alchemists, I suppose I can just use my usual tactiwaitdidijustdie?! Ten times in a row?! Where are the alchemists I could just combo to death in Normal mode?!
Okay, that was my first playthrough of the demo. I did a few more after that and I loved it. I'll just put some disordered remarks.
− The movelist is
. In level 2 I counted maybe five or six new combos for the sword alone, ditto for the claws. Now you have things like S
T (the Tonfa's "flower garland drop"), STTT or >SSSS. Also a cosmetic yet nice addition: you can chose to use the "classic" Izuna drop (STSSST) or the "underworld drop" version the BotA had in Vanilla (STSSS>T). I happen to prefer the latter's animation, so I like this.
− The double katanas feel quite diffrent from NGII. The basic combo has a somewhat weird rythm to it. But once you get used to them they are very pleasant to use; and most of the old special moves are still there, improved (STSSS.T can be followed by a vertical finisher for example).
− Steel-on-bones works very well as a grab-counter; maybe a bit too well: sometimes you can dodge a grunt's grab and still SoB the guy half a second after. It's harder to do on tougher enemies though. It's fine as a risk-and-reward system, especially on dismembered enemies: if you want to dispose of the guy quickly, you just OT him. But if you're more greedy you can wait for him to try and grab you and SoB him to get more karma points and eliminate nearby enemies as well. And most importantly: it feels
− Overall the camera is better (not that it was terrible in Vanilla). I never felt the urge to scream at it even when I died. NGII's godawful camera screws are a thing of the past. Except maybe against the 3 sword alchemists. Speaking of which
− Ayane has really been improved from Sigma 2. She still doesn't have that many combos but I felt I could do a lot more things with her. She is fast, fluid, and her hold-and-release attacks are seamless. Her Ninpo is also more useful than before.
− Also, I'm surprised no-one mentions one of the biggest improvements of RE: the combo system. It's flat-out the best in the series, and not quite like anything I've seen in other beat 'em alls. It's not only about the aforementioned expanded movelist: the fluidity with which you can chain ground combos, aerial combos, charge attacks and OTs is really a bliss.
− The enemies guard and dodge quite a lot, which is in stark contrast with NGII and even Sigma 2.
− A little remark on Hero mode: as shameful as it is for an experienced player like myself to play in that mode, it's actually great to experiment. The enemies behave like in Normal mode, but you don't have to worry about taking damage. So rather than an "easy mode" it's actually more of a "training mode" I would say.
− Oh, and the kunai-climb is much faster.
Any complaints? Well, a few:
− The guillotine throw is really hard to use. The timing is way too picky, or maybe it's a problem of detection I don't know. Either way, that makes it much less useful than it used to be.
− They removed the occasional stealth kills in Day 2, that's a pity. Maybe that's just for the demo though
− You can no longer do an on-landing circle attack after throwing shuriken, what the heck?
− The slide SoB is definitely still there, since I did manage to do it once with Ayane, but I have no idea how.
− About the hold-and-release attacks, it's a pity that those of Ayane and the Double Katanas are all just a simple dash. I find it interesting that the charged attacks have different effects depending on when you do them with Vanilla's weapons. With the sword for example, SSS
does a crowd control attack, SS
sends the enemy to the ground and SS>S
is a launcher. No such thing with the double katana (which has plenty of moves to compensate, but still).
− For that matter, the UTs are rather lazy too. The sword, the claws and Ayane all have the same, or close. Only the DK have a unique one.
− And some of the fights are still too long, although the number of enemies has been slightly reduced I think.
Overall though, I really had a ton of fun playing this demo. I got that feeling that was absent in Vanilla: the feeling of progression and the incentive to explore and experiment. That can only be good news. Hell, the demo actually has more content than the entire Vanilla game. >__<
Voilà, voilà.
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Ninja Dog
Joined: 02 Jun 2012
Posts: 14
Posted: Fri Mar 15, 2013 1:36 pm
Post subject:
Ryu is still laggy/sluggish and unresponsive as ever. So it's automatically inferior to NG2 in my eyes. There's no rush or sense of urgency to the combat like NG2. The horrible enemy wave pace only adds to this experience. It gets boring real fast.
And that slide is now just completely laughable now that they took away its only redeeming feature, the pop up. How anyone can defend it now is beyond me.
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Greater Ninja
Joined: 19 Jun 2011
Posts: 208
Posted: Sun Mar 17, 2013 7:46 am
Post subject:
I cannot agree about the unresponsiveness. There are still traces of it in a few sword combos, but otherwise I see little difference with the old games. In some cases it's actually more responsive than before if you ask me.
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Greater Ninja
Joined: 27 Apr 2008
Posts: 135
Location: Sweden
Gamertag: TM Nozox
Posted: Sun Mar 17, 2013 8:21 am
Post subject:
Does anyone know if the
unlockable Hayabusa
costumes are also playable in
(Story Mode) ?
Will it be like NGII where the selected costume will be in
all cutscenes?
Im curious mostly
how Ryu wil
l unmask
himself with the Evil Ryu costume during cutscenes...
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Lesser Ninja
Joined: 27 Sep 2005
Posts: 28
Posted: Mon Mar 18, 2013 6:22 am
Post subject:
Great post Shrykull! I agree with much of what you say.
Honestly, I am pretty shocked at just how big of an upgrade Razor's Edge is. It really feels like almost a different game now and I love it. The more I play of the demo, the more I am enjoying it and it is just the demo! I would agree that it does not quite match NG2 for me and Ryu does not feel quite as good/sharp as he did in NG2. But, it is not that far off at all and it does some things which I really like (the movesets for the weapons in RE might be favorite now of the whole series).
Honestly, it feels like NG is back with this game and fans really should try it out. It may not reach the heights of NGB or NG2, but it is most definitely a strong NG game now.
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Legendary Ninja
Joined: 07 Aug 2005
Posts: 1322
Location: Pasadena, CA
Gamertag: Keylay
Posted: Mon Mar 18, 2013 11:08 am
Post subject:
I do not like those alchemists but after countless deaths, I was able to S rank all chapters and unlock Kasumi last night. I haven't played with her too much but she seems pretty cool. I like the changes they made to steel on bone. Using SoB is the best way to get the most karma, gives you some health, and is the best way to win. I just don't like being forced into one of playing. But SoB doesn't seem to work on the Van Gelf's or whatever those large purple fiends are called. And some enemies like the Black Spider Ninjas with guns don't give you many opportunities to do a SoB attack. But if you charge an UT, they seem to try and grab you more so you can just release Y if you didn't charge up yet and get a SoB. And enemies are a lot more evasive now. I like the changes to the ninpo too. The Art of the Wind Blades has a smaller meter so you can cast it more frequently than the first ninpo. I used it so that I could heal Ryu more often. I believe Ryu has an ability that lets him use Ki to replenish health so that would have made some of the fights a little easier. I'm liking NG3: Razor's Edge a lot more than I thought I would.
Last edited by Keylay on Mon Mar 18, 2013 11:23 am; edited 1 time in total
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Greater Ninja
Joined: 19 Jun 2011
Posts: 208
Posted: Mon Mar 18, 2013 11:21 am
Post subject:
Err wait, I got an S rank on both missions with Ryu, but nothing was unlocked you have to have two S ranks with Ayane too ?
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Legendary Ninja
Joined: 07 Aug 2005
Posts: 1322
Location: Pasadena, CA
Gamertag: Keylay
Posted: Mon Mar 18, 2013 11:30 am
Post subject:
Shrykull wrote:
Err wait, I got an S rank on both missions with Ryu, but nothing was unlocked you have to have two S ranks with Ayane too ?
You have to play chapter challenge and get S ranks on Normal, Hard, and Master ninja for both chapters. You can use either characters. And then you'll unlock Kasumi.
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Greater Ninja
Joined: 19 Jun 2011
Posts: 208
Posted: Mon Mar 18, 2013 11:42 am
Post subject:
Ouch the full game will be out before I can do that I think.
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Legendary Ninja
Joined: 07 Aug 2005
Posts: 1322
Location: Pasadena, CA
Gamertag: Keylay
Posted: Mon Mar 18, 2013 11:45 am
Post subject:
Yea, I was debating waiting for the game to play Kasumi or just unlock her in the demo. It was so much work to get her. Those Alchemists annoyed me like no other. Normal and Hard aren't too bad. You just SoB everything. Master Ninja is what took me the most time.
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Ninja Dog
Joined: 02 Jun 2012
Posts: 14
Posted: Tue Mar 19, 2013 9:01 am
Post subject:
"and Ryu does not feel quite as good/sharp as he did in NG2"
And this should be the main concern. It's the one thing that brings everything else down. When the core combat is just sloppy, it doesn't matter what moves you can unlock, outfit for Ayane you can unlock or any of the other content they withheld from original NG3.
It's clear any latency, especially that slide, is a holdover from the multiplayer balancing. If everyone in the multiplayer controlled like NG2 Ryu, it would be broken, we can safely say that this is a fact.
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Lesser Ninja
Joined: 27 Sep 2005
Posts: 28
Posted: Tue Mar 19, 2013 10:04 am
Post subject:
I get what you are saying Nok. I guess for me it is not such a black and white/all or nothing situation.
So, for me, saying that NG2 is still the better game and that Ryu does not feel quite as sharp in NG3RE does not mean that I think RE is a bad game or that Ryu feels sloppy in it. Based on the demo, I am very, very pleased with RE and Ryu moves great (certainly better than any other action game character out there)---it just does not quite match NG2 in feel. Five years later, nothing still matches NG2 in feel imho.
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Greater Ninja
Joined: 19 Jun 2011
Posts: 208
Posted: Tue Mar 19, 2013 10:30 am
Post subject:
Okay, I got an S rank in both Hard missions. It was faster than I thought. And to be honnest I didn't see much difference between Normal and Hard. The enemies don't seem to have more health and don't deal much more damage, even their number seems to be more or less the same
The good news is that I manage to get S ranks without
too much
SoB or UT spamming, which means variety of playstyles isn't too penalized in a Karma run. That was the big issue with NG1, let alone 2. I like my combos and counter-attacks. Still, I think 400 points (+100 points per kill) is too much for steel-on-bones, considering that it's not particularly hard to perform.
Five years later, nothing still matches NG2 in feel imho.
I'm not a big fan of NG2 Vanilla personally (NINJA DOOOOOGS
), although I agree with you if we talk about Sigma 2.
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Common Ninja
Joined: 28 Dec 2007
Posts: 64
Location: New Jersey
Gamertag: ShuhanX PSN: ShuhanX
Posted: Tue Mar 19, 2013 12:11 pm
Post subject:
Master Ninja was not quite as difficult as I anticipated. Or rather, it wasn't as tedious as I anticipated. I'm glad that enemies don't take your energy down in only one or two strikes. Seems like the most amount of damage they do comes from grabs. I looooove countering a grab with a Sakura Madoi or Cicada Surge then hitting them with a SoB from behind. It looks so awesome lol. I noticed that unlike Ryu, Kasumi can teleport (Sakura Madoi) in response to missiles. The only complaint I have is that Kasmui's UT Windmill Shuriken cannot be chained from combos.
There is far more combos this time around. In fact, there seems to be more combos than there were in NG2/NGS2. The AI seems a little smarter than they were in the original this time around in some ways. The BSC ninjas will simultaneously attack in unison with guard break attacks, which is cool to see. Also the Van Gelfs seem to have much more health than before. It seems like it takes much more damage to cut off one of their arms, but that makes it all the more satisfying when they are defeated. I'm glad that they don't telegraph every single grab and all of them cannot be countered with a SoB. Each enemy type seems to have at least one grab that isn't telegraphed with that red aura. Once you learn their attack patterns, the Alchemists aren't too bad. Although the first time I fought them they were a little annoying lol. They seem almost unfazed by weak melee attacks, and strong melee attacks seem to have a higher likelihood of connecting. They also seem to have more health, even on normal. On Master Ninja, even after hitting one with a couple UT's and a couple Izuna Drops, sometimes they wouldn't lose a limb.
The pop up is still there. However, the pop up isn't as accessible as it was in the original. Which is a good thing, because I feel that it was far too accessible in the original NG3. I managed to pull off a pop-up with all 3 characters, so I'm glad that it wasn't an ability exclusive to Ryu.
As far as unresponsiveness, there were no such things present when I played. Each character moved exactly as I told them, to there was no degree of unresponsiveness and there wasn't an ounce of lag. Even on Master Ninja, all three characters did exactly what I wanted them to do and when I wanted them to do it. Once you come to understand the combos and how they are supposed to be performed, it becomes quite easy to pull off any move you desire. We must keep in mind that the combos are performed differently than they were in NG2 (I really don't understand why NG2 is a standard for comparison but whatever lol). Ryu seems just as sharp as he's ever been in NGS2 and NG2, same goes for Ayane (who I'm happy to see is much faster than before).
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text:
This section contains information on documentation content changes that were made in this User Guide after the initial release of Novell® PlateSpin® Recon 3.6. The information can help you to keep current on updates to the documentation.
The documentation is provided on the Web in two formats: HTML and PDF. The HTML and PDF documentation are both kept up-to-date with the documentation changes listed in this section.
If you need to know whether a copy of the PDF documentation you are using is the most recent, the PDF document contains its publish date on the front title page.
The documentation was updated on the following date:


text:
Elton John Highest Ranking Rocker on Forbes Celebrity 100
Forbes Magazine has released their much publicized list of the Top 100 Most Powerful Celebrities, and 'Captain Fantastic' himself, Elton John, is the top-ranking classic rocker.
The list — which you can see in full here – is based on the earnings in combination with their media visibility in outlets including print, television, radio and the internet. In addition to musicians, the rankings also includee television personalities, athletes, authors and more.
To compile their earnings numbers, Forbes solicited information from industry insiders, including agents, lawyers, producers and other experts, to come up with a ballpark estimate for what each celebrity earned between May 1, 2011, and May 1, 2012. The list isn't based solely upon income however; factors such as online presence and print media coverage also factor into the rankings. How U2's Bono, who reportedly earned 1.5 billion dollars today via Facebook, did not make the list is uncertain.
While many modern day pop stars adorn the list, a few classic rockers manage to squeak their way onto the list as well. John is the highest ranked classic rocker, landing in the No. 17 position on the list with an estimated income of $80 million dollars.
Former Beatle Paul McCartney found himself in the No. 21 position with an impressive $57 million in income while the pride of New Jersey, Bon Jovi is in the No. 25 position with $60 million.
All three artists listed above managed to land upon the list of Pollstar's Top 25 Tours of 2011. Bon Jovi reportedly grossed $148.8 million dollars on tour in 201m1 while John grossed $102.7 million. Last but not least, McCartney grossed a very respectable $79.2 million from touring in 2011.


text:
This guy has amazing control over this little radio controlled helicopter.
A real helicopter could never do these things.
Tuesday, July 23, 2013
AMAZING Radio Controlled Helicopter
Posted by Bill and Carla at 8:06 AM No comments:
Monday, July 22, 2013
Some humor about pilots and flying.
Pilots: People who drive airplanes for other people who can't fly.
Fighter Pilots: Cold, steely eyed, weapons systems managers who kill bad people and break things. However, they can also be very charming and personable. The average Fighter Pilot, despite sometimes having a swaggering exterior, is very much capable of such feelings as love, affection, intimacy and caring. These feelings just don't involve anyone else.
Words of Wisdom From Aviators:
·Flying is a hard way to earn an easy living.
·Both optimists and pessimists contribute to society. The optimist invents the airplane; the pessimist, the parachute.
If helicopters are so safe, how come there are no vintage helicopter fly-ins?
Death is just nature's way of telling you to watch your airspeed.
Real planes use only a single stick to fly. This is why bulldozers and helicopters (in that order) need two.
There are only three things the copilot should ever say:
1. Nice landing, Sir.
2. I'll buy the first round.
3. I'll take the fat one.
As a pilot only two bad things can happen to you and one of them will:
a. One day you will walk out to the aircraft knowing that it is your last flight.
b. One day you will walk out to the aircraft not knowing that it is your last flight.
There are Rules and there are Laws:
The Rules are made by men who think that they know better how to fly your airplane than you.
Laws (of Physics) were ordained by God.
You can, and sometimes should, suspend the Rules, but you can never suspend the Laws.
About Rules:
a. The rules are a good place to hide if you don't have a better idea and the talent to execute it.
b. If you deviate from a rule, it must be a flawless performance (e.g., If you fly under a bridge, don't hit the bridge.)
The ideal pilot is the perfect blend of discipline and aggressiveness.
The medical profession is the natural enemy of the aviation profession.
Ever notice that the only experts who decree that the age of the pilot is over are people who have never flown anything? Also, in spite of the intensity of their feelings that the pilot's day is over, I know of no expert who has volunteered to be a passenger in a non-piloted aircraft.
Before each flight, make sure that your bladder is empty and your fuel tanks are full; check T/O wt....
He who demands everything that his aircraft can give him is a pilot; he that demands one iota more is a fool.
There are certain aircraft sounds that can only be heard at night.
The aircraft limits are only there in case there is another flight by that particular aircraft. If subsequent flights do not appear likely, there are no limits.
Flying is a great way of life for men who want to feel like boys, but not for those who still are.
"If the Wright brothers were alive today, Wilbur would have to fire Orville to reduce costs." President, DELTA Airlines.
In the Alaskan bush I'd rather have a two-hour bladder and three hours of gas than vice versa.
It's not that all airplane pilots are good-looking. It's just that good-looking people seem more capable of flying airplanes.
An old pilot is one who can remember when flying was dangerous and sex was safe.
Airlines have really changed, now a flight attendant can get a pilot pregnant.
I've flown in both pilot seats, can someone tell me why the other one is always occupied by an idiot?
Son, you're going to have to make up your mind about growing up and becoming a pilot. You can't do both.
There are only two types of aircraft - fighters and targets.
The scientific theory I like best is that the rings of Saturn are composed entirely of lost airline baggage.
You define a good flight by negatives: you didn't get hijacked, you didn't crash, you didn't throw up, you weren't late, and you weren't nauseated by the food. So you're grateful.
They invented wheelbarrows to teach FAA inspectors to walk on their hind legs.
The FAA Motto: We're not happy till you're not happy.
Posted by Bill and Carla at 10:05 AM No comments:
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text:
Winston1882 necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 336 diseños de 94 diseñadores freelance.
Sun Colors Digital Labels
My name is Winston, I am the owner of a company dedicated to the production of wide format graphics (billboards, fleet graphics etc.) . I have been in business for 20 years. This is a new business I am starting. Our new company is a digital label printing business. We will be printing digital labels using an HP Indigo printer. I make the decision to take this design out of our design department because I want something new and fresh. I prefer a simple design that can show our customers the new digital printing label product. This process will be of high quality and fast delivery. Please don't hesitate to ask me any questions.
We will be targeting Hi-end designers and marketing customers. Digital printing label market.
I need a logo for the new company with the name Sun Colors Digital Labels. I will like to integrate the sun with the labels in the design. I like something very hi-end that looks fresh, modern, not crowded, something that let customers know we have the latest in technology and that we are using the latest in technology, simple is better for me. We are going to be printing in a HP Indigo machine model 4500ws. You can visit their website. If you visit our website http://www.suncolorspr.com you can see the logo for my company, I don't like something like that. I does not like our logo for that company but I will work with that later, after I finish with our new project.
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


text:
Tuners: Supported Tuners
List of v4l tuners in the kernel documentation
See Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.tuner (this is from 2.6.14)
tuner=0 - Temic PAL (4002 FH5) tuner=1 - Philips PAL_I (FI1246 and compatibles) tuner=2 - Philips NTSC (FI1236,FM1236 and compatibles) tuner=3 - Philips (SECAM+PAL_BG) (FI1216MF, FM1216MF, FR1216MF) tuner=4 - NoTuner tuner=5 - Philips PAL_BG (FI1216 and compatibles) tuner=6 - Temic NTSC (4032 FY5) tuner=7 - Temic PAL_I (4062 FY5) tuner=8 - Temic NTSC (4036 FY5) tuner=9 - Alps HSBH1 tuner=10 - Alps TSBE1 tuner=11 - Alps TSBB5 tuner=12 - Alps TSBE5 tuner=13 - Alps TSBC5 tuner=14 - Temic PAL_BG (4006FH5) tuner=15 - Alps TSCH6 tuner=16 - Temic PAL_DK (4016 FY5) tuner=17 - Philips NTSC_M (MK2) tuner=18 - Temic PAL_I (4066 FY5) tuner=19 - Temic PAL* auto (4006 FN5) tuner=20 - Temic PAL_BG (4009 FR5) or PAL_I (4069 FR5) tuner=21 - Temic NTSC (4039 FR5) tuner=22 - Temic PAL/SECAM multi (4046 FM5) tuner=23 - Philips PAL_DK (FI1256 and compatibles) tuner=24 - Philips PAL/SECAM multi (FQ1216ME) tuner=25 - LG PAL_I+FM (TAPC-I001D) tuner=26 - LG PAL_I (TAPC-I701D) tuner=27 - LG NTSC+FM (TPI8NSR01F) tuner=28 - LG PAL_BG+FM (TPI8PSB01D) tuner=29 - LG PAL_BG (TPI8PSB11D) tuner=30 - Temic PAL* auto + FM (4009 FN5) tuner=31 - SHARP NTSC_JP (2U5JF5540) tuner=32 - Samsung PAL TCPM9091PD27 tuner=33 - MT20xx universal tuner=34 - Temic PAL_BG (4106 FH5) tuner=35 - Temic PAL_DK/SECAM_L (4012 FY5) tuner=36 - Temic NTSC (4136 FY5) tuner=37 - LG PAL (newer TAPC series) tuner=38 - Philips PAL/SECAM multi (FM1216ME MK3) tuner=39 - LG NTSC (newer TAPC series) tuner=40 - HITACHI V7-J180AT tuner=41 - Philips PAL_MK (FI1216 MK) tuner=42 - Philips 1236D ATSC/NTSC daul in tuner=43 - Philips NTSC MK3 (FM1236MK3 or FM1236/F) tuner=44 - Philips 4 in 1 (ATI TV Wonder Pro/Conexant) tuner=45 - Microtune 4049 FM5 tuner=46 - Panasonic VP27s/ENGE4324D tuner=47 - LG NTSC (TAPE series) tuner=48 - Tenna TNF 8831 BGFF) tuner=49 - Microtune 4042 FI5 ATSC/NTSC dual in tuner=50 - TCL 2002N tuner=51 - Philips PAL/SECAM_D (FM 1256 I-H3) tuner=52 - Thomson DDT 7610 (ATSC/NTSC) tuner=53 - Philips FQ1286 tuner=54 - tda8290+75 tuner=55 - LG PAL (TAPE series) tuner=56 - Philips PAL/SECAM multi (FQ1216AME MK4) tuner=57 - Philips FQ1236A MK4 tuner=58 - Ymec TVision TVF-8531MF/8831MF/8731MF tuner=59 - Ymec TVision TVF-5533MF tuner=60 - Thomson DDT 7611 (ATSC/NTSC) tuner=61 - Tena TNF9533-D/IF/TNF9533-B/DF tuner=62 - Philips TEA5767HN FM Radio tuner=63 - Philips FMD1216ME MK3 Hybrid Tuner tuner=64 - LG TDVS-H062F/TUA6034 tuner=65 - Ymec TVF66T5-B/DFF tuner=66 - LG NTSC (TALN mini series)
If your tuner is not detected correctly (you get a black screen, let's say), try inserting the v4l kernel driver with a tuner parameter, for instance:
modprobe bttv tuner=41
This can also be added to the list of modules loaded on boot, sometimes /etc/modules:
saa7134 card=2 tuner=17 oss=1
If you still don't get a picture, ask for help on the video4linux mailing list.
Tuner information
It's generally preferable to place comments on an individual card's tuner quirks in the card's own page, but cross-card tuner-specific information can usefully go here.
TCL tuners are manufactured in Huizhou in China. The English pages don't respond, but see the product list in Chinese.
The TCL2002MB-3 was first discovered on saa7134 cards and recently on cx88 Hauppauge WinTV GO2 models. All use tuner=37 with LG API, and so does TCL2002MI-3 (PAL-I/DK) (cf. discussion on spinics.net)
The F variants with radio use the older Philips API, for example tuner=5. The TCL2002MB-1 is supposed to be PAL-BG/DK capable. Don't know if the -3 could indicate any change here, but would not ecpect it, since we have recently also seen the TCL2002MI-3 on a cx88 Hauppauge (cf. discussion on spinics.net).
On the other hand the above site shows that we have to be aware of NTSC tuners with tda9885 and also tda9887 with radio like the MFMN05-4 and the full MultiEurope MFPE05-2 (some mismatches on the site).
The WinTV-Express card is a European or UK model, but the Hauppauge WinTV Go Plus looks very much like a PAL-B/G Express 44804 REV D148. Just like this cards, WinTV Express cards in Europe may all be MONO. No MSP34xx...
A new Hauppauge WinTV PCI-FM card is here (pci_ids: 14f1:8800, 14f1:8811), using the TCL MFPE05-02 PAL (DK BG I) FM tuner. It just implements mk3 API, you can use philips 1216me mk3 (tuner=38) instead.


text:
The Sad Truth About Kids and Cancer
Necessary News
Monday, September 19, 2011
"Kiwi had only been sick once; never on any sort of medication, not even Tylenol. All of that changed on Friday, July 31st, 2010 when we found ourselves in the Emergency Room because Kiwi's left hand had begun to spasm periodically all that day. Our lives went from Kiwi never being in the hospital and only at the doctors once (but never on any medications), to being poked and prodded for hours in the ER. I had a very difficult time comprehending the next few days of my life. It started in the ER on a Friday night and moved slowly through the weekend, to an MRI on Sunday showing that my darling 22 month old daughter had a large tumor on the right side of her brain." (Read the rest of Kiwi's story.)
Your daughter has cancer.
They are words no parent ever wants to hear, yet the sad fact is that every sixty minutes, a child is diagnosed with cancer and every six hours, a child will lose her battle to cancer. Cases of pediatric cancer have increased 30% over the last 30 years, to the point that cancer is now the nation's leading cause of death by disease in children.
Meanwhile, little action is being taken to prevent exposures to carcinogens, the substances which are proven to cause cancer. Even dioxin, the single most potent carcinogen identified by scientists, is still not being addressed in the United States. Dioxin has been targeted for international phase-out by a treaty signed by over 170 nations across the world—but not us.
The Environmental Protection Agency is supposedly on the verge of taking action, but the way things are going in Washington, I'm not holding my breath.
According to the Center for Health, Environment, and Justice, "For over 20 years, EPA's study on dioxin has been delayed time after time. American families have been exposed to this poisonous chemical for far too long. Every American eats dioxins when they consume fatty foods, and every American has measurable levels of this chemical in their body."
And, dioxin is just one of 240 substances currently recognized as "reasonably anticipated to cause cancer" by a report released in June by the US Department of Health and Human Services.
At Healthy Child Healthy World, we believe it's well beyond time to put our collective foot down and take aggressive action to prevent cancer. Throughout 2012, which is the 20th anniversary of our organization, we'll be turning up the volume on this increasingly common—and tragic—issue.
Healthy Child began after five-year-old Colette Chuda died of a rare form of non-hereditary cancer linked to environmental factors; her parents, Jim and Nancy Chuda, turned their grief into action and formed Healthy Child Healthy World (formerly the Children's Health Environmental Coalition) in 1992.
It's been 20 years and we've seen little change. Now, we're ready for a revolution.
We're inspired by the 46 mothers from across the country who will gather in Washington DC this week to shave their heads to raise awareness and funds for childhood cancer research. By shaving their heads in solidarity with not only their children who have been diagnosed with cancer, but every child affected by cancer, the 46 Mommas hope to raise $1 million. (To locate ororganize an event in your community, sign-up to shave, donate or volunteer, visit www.StBaldricks.org.) Here's a video from last year's Shave for the Brave event in Los Angeles.
To the 46 Mommas: We are humbled by your action, and honor your commitment.
To mothers everywhere: It's time to stand up, get mad, and stop pediatric cancer in its tracks. Please join us in this fight, as we gear up for 2012.
Together, we can create a better world.
Read more: http://healthychild.org/blog/comments/the_sad_truth_about_kids_and_cancer/#ixzz1YqQTr8Bv


text:
[Verse 1: Phonte]
Back with that new new to tell you where I come from
Sing a song so I could never be unsung
They think I'm on some, being fair weather
Its just my ensemble don't care whether
You shake your tail feathers, or your pom poms
Razor sharp nigga bong bong
Its a bad time to be a mc if you ain't rhyming right
I spit that China white nigga call it Hong Kong
Hit the city to see one of my school mates
Making six figures but she still got a roommate
Just to have a downtown apartment and some outfits
And you asking why I never leave the south, shit...
[Hook: Phonte]
Take some time to dream
Peace of mind is a delightful thing
This is the life of kings
[Bridge: Evidence & (Phonte)]
And we got it (Yessir)
I'm the King!
[Verse 2: Evidence]
People be confused how I move with the utmost
Respect and yet I get my due
And true, I got nothing to prove
Could be my new objective but let's not object to truth
(cough cough) on days like these
I count my blessings and say my dreams
Out loud when I wake up
The voice up inside of my head
Telling EV lets get on the day and out of this bed
Kiss my mother gave my daughter a pound
Then she hugged me (what) then she turned around
In my time the life of a king is undefinable
The closest we might get is pressed up to the vinyl though
[Bridge: Evidence & Big K.R.I.T]
Tigallo, (Big K.R.I.T), E V
I'm the King!
[Verse 3: Big K.R.I.T]
Now some consider me a tyrant
Cause I would rather push chariots, dodging them sirens
Trunk beating like violence, searching for me a vibrant thing
More concerned with what books I read than what side I claim
Got a vision to be veteran
With a future brighter than a writer deciphering light by Thomas Edison
Cause you remind me of a derelict relishing on relishments
Too busy throwing rocks at my throne to find a chair to sit
I'm the type of king you'll probably see Coretta with
Country bred, country raised, and intelligent
Rosebud lifestyle and yours is petal-less
The hand of God and mine you shouldn't meddle with
My reign is benevolent
Ever since I fell out the womb I was destined to conquer melodies
"The Life Of Kings" is the second single from Phonte's 2011 album "Charity Starts At Home" which debuted with first week sales of nearly 8,000 units independently. The song uses irony to point out that peace of mind is preferable to great material wealth.
It samples "Heaven On Earth" by J.R. Bailey and "Hit It Run" by Run-DMC.