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Skepticism, also spelled scepticism, in Western philosophy, the attitude of doubting knowledge claims set forth in various areas. Skeptics have challenged the adequacy or reliability of these claims by asking what principles they are based upon or what they actually establish. They have questioned whether some such claims really are, as alleged, indubitable or necessarily true, and they have challenged the purported rational grounds of accepted assumptions. In everyday life, practically everyone is skeptical about some knowledge claims; but philosophical skeptics have doubted the possibility of any knowledge beyond that of the contents of directly felt experience. The original Greek meaning of skeptikos was "an inquirer," someone who was unsatisfied and still looking for truth.
From ancient times onward skeptics have developed arguments to undermine the contentions of dogmatic philosophers, scientists, and theologians. The skeptical arguments and their employment against various forms of dogmatism have played an important role in shaping both the problems and the solutions offered in the course of Western philosophy. As ancient philosophy and science developed, doubts arose about various basic, widely accepted beliefs about the world. In ancient times, skeptics challenged the claims of Plato and Aristotle and their followers, as well as those of the Stoics; and during the Renaissance similar challenges were raised against the claims of Scholasticism and Calvinism. In the 17th century, skeptics attacked Cartesianism (the system established by the French philosopher and mathematician René Descartes) along with other theories that attempted to justify the scientific revolution initiated by Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo. Later, a skeptical offensive was leveled against the Enlightenment philosopher Immanuel Kant and then against the philosophical idealist Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and his followers. Each challenge led to new attempts to resolve the skeptical difficulties. Skepticism, especially since the Enlightenment, has come to mean disbelief—primarily religious disbelief—and the skeptic has often been likened to the village atheist.
Senses and applications
Skepticism developed with regard to various disciplines in which people claimed to have knowledge. It was questioned, for example, whether one could gain any certain knowledge in metaphysics (the philosophical study of the basic nature, structure, or elements of reality) or in the sciences. In ancient times a chief form of skepticism was medical skepticism, which questioned whether one could know with certainty either the causes or cures of diseases. In the area of ethics, doubts were raised about accepting various mores and customs and about claiming any objective basis for making judgments of value. Skeptics of religion have questioned the doctrines of different traditions. Certain philosophies, like those of Kant and his Scottish contemporary David Hume, have seemed to show that no knowledge can be gained beyond the world of experience and that one cannot discover the real causes of experienced phenomena. Any attempt to do so, as Kant argued, leads to "antinomies," or contradictory knowledge claims. A dominant form of skepticism (the subject of this article) concerns knowledge in general, questioning whether anything actually can be known with complete or adequate certainty. This type is called epistemological skepticism.
The various kinds of epistemological skepticism can be differentiated in terms of the areas in which doubts are raised—that is, whether the doubts are directed toward reason, toward the senses, or toward knowledge of "things-in-themselves" (things as they really are, rather than as they appear to human observers). Forms of skepticism can also be distinguished in terms of the motivation of the skeptic—whether he is challenging views for ideological reasons or for pragmatic or practical ones in order to attain certain psychological goals. Among the chief ideological motives have been religious or antireligious concerns. Some skeptics have challenged knowledge claims so that they could be replaced by religious claims that would have to be accepted on the basis of faith. Others have challenged religious knowledge claims in order to overthrow some orthodoxy. Kinds of skepticism can also be distinguished in terms of how restricted or how thoroughgoing they are—whether they apply only to certain areas and to certain kinds of knowledge claims or whether they are more general and universal.
Ancient skepticism
In the West, skeptical philosophical attitudes began to appear in ancient Greece about the 5th century bce. The Eleatic philosophers (those associated with the Greek city of Elea in Italy) rejected the existence of plurality and change, conceiving of reality as a static One, and they denied that reality could be described in terms of the categories of ordinary experience. On the other hand, Heracleitus and his pupil Cratylus thought that the world was in such a state of flux that no permanent, unchangeable truth about it could be found; and Xenophanes, a wandering poet and philosopher, doubted whether humans could distinguish true from false knowledge.
A more developed form of skepticism appeared in some of the views attributed to Socrates and in the views of certain Sophists (itinerant and generally mercenary teachers of philosophy, rhetoric, and other subjects). Socrates, as portrayed in the early dialogues of his pupil Plato, was always questioning the knowledge claims of others; in the Apology, he famously admits that all that he really knows is that he knows nothing. Socrates' enemy, the Sophist Protagoras, contended that "man is the measure of all things," a thesis that has been taken to imply a kind of skeptical relativism: no views are ultimately or objectively true, but each is merely one person's opinion. Another Sophist, Gorgias, advanced the skeptical-nihilist thesis that nothing exists; and, if something did exist, it could not be known; and, if it could be known, it could not be communicated.
The putative father of Greek skepticism, however, was Pyrrhon of Elis (c. 360–c. 272 bce), who undertook the rare effort of trying to live his skepticism. He avoided committing himself to any views about what the world was really like and acted only according to appearances. In this way he sought happiness, or at least mental peace.
The first school of skeptical philosophy developed in the Academy, the school founded by Plato, in the 3rd century bce and was thus called "Academic" skepticism. Starting from the skeptical doctrines of Socrates, its leaders, Arcesilaus and Carneades, set forth a series of epistemological arguments to show that nothing could be known, challenging primarily what were then the two foremost schools, Stoicism and Epicureanism. They denied that any criteria could be found for distinguishing the true from the false; instead, only reasonable or probable standards could be established. This limited, or probabilistic, skepticism was the view of the Academy until the 1st century bce, when the Roman philosopher and orator Cicero was a student there. His Academica and De natura deorum are the main sources of modern knowledge of this movement. (St. Augustine's Contra academicos, composed some five centuries later, was intended as an answer to Cicero's views.)
The other major form of ancient skepticism was Pyrrhonism, apparently developed by medical skeptics in Alexandria. Beginning with Aenesidemus (1st century bce), this movement, named after Pyrrhon, criticized the Academic skeptics because they claimed to know too much—namely, that nothing could be known and that some things are more probable than others. The Pyrrhonians advanced a series of tropes, or ways of opposing various kinds of knowledge claims, in order to bring about epochē (suspension of judgment). The Pyrrhonian attitude is preserved in the writings of one of its last leaders, Sextus Empiricus (2nd or 3rd century ce). In his Outlines of Pyrrhonism and Adversus mathematicos, Sextus presented the tropes developed by previous Pyrrhonists. The 10 tropes attributed to Aenesidemus showed the difficulties encountered by attempts to ascertain the truth or reliability of judgments based on sense information, owing to the variability and differences of human and animal perceptions. Other arguments raised difficulties in determining whether there are any reliable criteria or standards—logical, rational, or otherwise—for judging whether anything is true or false. To settle any disagreement, a criterion seems to be required. Any purported criterion, however, would have to be based either on another criterion—thus leading to an infinite regress of criteria—or on itself, which would be circular. Sextus offered arguments to challenge any claims of dogmatic philosophers to know more than what is evident, and in so doing he presented, in one form or another, practically all of the skeptical arguments that have ever appeared in subsequent philosophy.
Sextus said that his arguments were aimed at leading people to a state of ataraxia (unperturbability). People who thought that they could know reality were constantly disturbed and frustrated. If they could be led to suspend judgment, however, they would find peace of mind. In this state of suspension they would neither affirm nor deny the possibility of knowledge but would remain peaceful, still waiting to see what might develop. The Pyrrhonist did not become inactive in this state of suspense but lived undogmatically according to appearances, customs, and natural inclinations.
Medieval skepticism
Pyrrhonism ended as a philosophical movement in the late Roman Empire, as religious concerns became paramount. In the Christian Middle Ages the main surviving form of skepticism was the Academic, as described in St. Augustine's Contra academicos. Augustine, before his conversion from paganism to Christianity, had found Cicero's views attractive. But having overcome them through revelation, he characterized his subsequent philosophy as faith seeking understanding. Augustine's account of skepticism and his answer to it provided the basis of medieval discussions.
In Islamic Spain, where there was more contact with ancient learning, a form of antirational skepticism developed among Muslim and Jewish theologians. Al-Ghazāli, an Arab theologian of the 11th and early 12th centuries, and his Jewish contemporary Judah ha-Levi, who was a poet and physician as well as a philosopher, offered skeptical challenges against contemporary Aristotelians in order to lead people to accept religious truths on the basis of mystical faith. The view that truth in religion is ultimately based on faith rather than on reasoning or evidence—a doctrine known as fideism—was adopted by the late medieval German cardinal and philosopher Nicolaus of Cusa, who advocated learned ignorance as a path to religious knowledge. Another line of thinking that included skeptical elements was that of the followers of William of Ockham (1285–1347), who explored the logical consequences of the belief that God is the origin of all knowledge. They examined puzzles about whether God could deceive humankind, regardless of the evidence, and about whether he could render all human reasoning open to doubt.
Modern skepticism
Modern skepticism emerged in part from Okhamite medieval views, but its main source was the rediscovery of the skeptical classics. Very little of the Pyrrhonian tradition had been known in the Middle Ages, but in the 15th century the texts of Sextus Empiricus in Greek were brought from the Byzantine Empire into Italy. (Latin translations of Sextus's Outlines of Pyrrhonism and Against the Dogmatists were published in 1562 and 1569, respectively, and the Greek texts of both were published in 1621.) Interest in Cicero was also revived, and his Academica and De natura deorum were also published in the 16th century.
The voyages of exploration; the humanistic rediscovery of the learning of ancient Greece, Rome, and Palestine; and the "new science"—all combined to undermine confidence in the widely accepted religious picture of the world. Later, during the Reformation and Counter-Reformation, the doctrinal controversies between Protestants and Roman Catholics raised fundamental epistemological issues about the bases and criteria of religious knowledge.
The Reformation
During the 15th century, scholars in the Florentine convent of San Marco, where the Christian reformer Girolamo Savonarola was a lecturer, examined the views of Sextus in some manuscripts on deposit there. Savonarola urged two of his monks to translate Sextus into Latin as a way of showing the vanity of all pagan philosophy. Before they could complete this task, however, Savonarola was tried and executed as a heretic. One of his disciples, Gianfrancesco Pico—the nephew of the Italian Platonist Pico della Mirandola—published Examen Vanitatis (1520), the first work to employ skepticism as a means of challenging the whole of philosophy. It was also the first work to discuss Sextus in Latin for a European audience.
Skeptical arguments were central to the 16th-century debate between Erasmus and Martin Luther. Using Academic skeptical materials, Erasmus insisted that the issues in dispute could not be resolved and that one should therefore suspend judgment and remain within the Roman Catholic church. Luther insisted, on the other hand, that true and certain religious knowledge could and must be gained through conscience. Erasmus's view developed into a form of Christian skepticism that accepted traditional Christianity on faith. Luther's view, and later that of Calvin, proposed a new criterion—that of inner experience. The Catholics of the Counter-Reformation, meanwhile, employed Pyrrhonian and Academic arguments in an attempt to undermine Luther's criterion.
Erasmus's contemporary H.C. Agrippa von Nettesheim, a stormy occult philosopher and physician, employed skeptical arguments against Scholasticism, Renaissance naturalism, and many other views in order to win people to Roman Catholicism, the "true religion." Similarly, the Catholic scholar Gentian Hervet, in the preface to his 1569 translation of Sextus, saw skeptical arguments as the definitive answer to Calvinism and the way to true Christianity.
This new concern with skepticism was given a general philosophical formulation in the 16th century by Michel de Montaigne and his cousin Francisco Sanches. Montaigne, in Apology for Raimond Sebond, and Sanches, in Quod nihil scitur ("Why Nothing Can Be Known"), both written in 1576, explored the human epistemological situation and showed that knowledge claims in all areas were extremely dubious. Montaigne recommended living according to nature and custom and accepting whatever God reveals, and Sanches advocated recognizing that nothing can be known and then trying to gain what limited information one can through empirical scientific means.
The 17th century
Montaigne's skepticism was extremely influential in the early 17th century. His followers in France—Pierre Charron, J.-P. Camus, and La Mothe Le Vayer, among others—further popularized his views. Various French Counter-Reformers used the arguments of Montaigne and Sextus to undermine Calvinism. Montaigne's skepticism opposed all sorts of disciplines, including the new science, and was coupled with a fideism which, in Montaigne's case, many suspected to be insincere.
In the 1620s efforts to refute or mitigate this new skepticism appeared. A Christian Epicurean, Pierre Gassendi, himself originally a skeptic, and Marin Mersenne, one of the most influential figures in the intellectual revolution of the times, while retaining epistemological doubts about knowledge of reality, nevertheless recognized that science provided useful and important information about the world. The constructive skepticisms of Gassendi and Mersenne, and later of members of the Royal Society of England such as Bishop John Wilkins and Joseph Glanvill, developed the attitude of Sanches into a hypothetical, empirical interpretation of the new science.
René Descartes offered a fundamental refutation of the new skepticism, contending that, by applying the skeptical method of doubting all beliefs that could possibly be false (owing to illusion or deception by an evil demon), one would discover a truth that is genuinely indubitable—namely, "I think, therefore I am" (cogito ergo sum), and that from this truth one could discover the criterion of true knowledge—namely, that whatever is clearly and distinctly conceived is true. Using this criterion, one could then establish a number of truths: that God exists, that he is not a deceiver, that he guarantees the veracity of clear and distinct ideas, and that an external world exists that can be known through mathematical physics. Thus Descartes, starting from skepticism, claimed to have found a new basis for certitude and for knowledge of reality. Throughout the 17th century, skeptical critics—Mersenne, Gassendi, the reviver of Academic philosophy Simon Foucher, and Pierre-Daniel Huet, one of the most learned men of the age—sought to show that Descartes had not succeeded, and that, if he sincerely followed his skeptical method, his new system could only lead to complete skepticism. They challenged whether the cogito proved anything and whether it was indubitable; whether Descartes's method could be successfully applied and whether it was certain; and whether any of the knowledge claims of Cartesianism were really true. Nicolas Malebranche, the developer of occasionalism (the view that all interaction between mind and body is mediated by God), revised the Cartesian system to meet skeptical attacks only to find his efforts challenged by the new skeptical criticisms of Foucher and by the contention of Antoine Arnauld that Malebranchism led to a most dangerous Pyrrhonism.
Various English philosophers, culminating in the 17th century in John Locke, tried to blunt the force of skepticism by appealing to common sense and to the "reasonable" person's inability to doubt everything. They admitted that there might not be sufficient evidence to support knowledge claims extending beyond immediate experience. But this did not actually require that everything be doubted; by using standards of common sense, an adequate basis for many beliefs could be found. In France, Blaise Pascal, who presented the case for skepticism most forcefully in his Pensées (published posthumously in 1670), nevertheless denied that there could be a complete skepticism, because nature prevents it. Lacking rational answers to complete skepticism, humans must turn to God for help in overcoming doubt.
The culmination of 17th-century skepticism appears in the writings of Pierre Bayle, especially in his monumental Dictionnaire historique et critique (1697–1702). Bayle, a superb dialectician, challenged philosophical, scientific, and theological theories, both ancient and modern, showing that they all led to perplexities, paradoxes, and contradictions. He argued that the theories of Descartes, Malebranche, Benedict de Spinoza, and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, when skeptically analyzed, cast in doubt all beliefs about the world, even the belief that the world exists. Bayle skillfully employed skeptical arguments about such things as sense information, human judgments, logical explanations, and the criteria of knowledge in order to undermine confidence in human intellectual activity in all areas. He suggested that humans should abandon rational activity and turn blindly to faith and revelation; they can therefore only follow their conscience without any criterion for determining true faith. Bayle showed that the various conceptions of religious knowledge were so implausible that even the most heretical views, such as Manichaeism (known for its cosmic dualism of good and evil) and atheism, made more sense. As a result, Bayle's work became "the arsenal of the Enlightenment" in the 18th century, and he was regarded as a major enemy of religion. Although Bayle indicated in later works that he did hold some positive views, he presented no answers to his skepticism. There is still much scholarly debate as to what his actual position was.
The 18th century
Most 18th-century thinkers gave up the quest for metaphysical knowledge after imbibing Bayle's arguments. The Irish bishop George Berkeley, an empiricist and idealist, fought skeptical doubts by identifying appearance and reality and offering a spiritualistic metaphysics. He was immediately seen as just another skeptic, however, since he effectively denied the existence of a world beyond experience.
Bayle's chief 18th-century successor was David Hume. Combining empirical and skeptical arguments, Hume asserted that neither inductive nor deductive evidence can establish the truth of any matter of fact. Knowledge can consist of intuitively obvious matters or demonstrable relations of ideas but not of anything beyond experience; the mind can discover no necessary connections within experience nor any root causes of experience. Beliefs about the world are based not upon reason or evidence, nor even upon appeal to the uniformity of nature, but only on habit and custom (see induction, problem of). Beliefs cannot be justified. Belief that there is an external world, a self, and a God is common, but there is no adequate evidence for it; and although it is natural to hold these convictions, they are inconsistent and epistemologically dubious. "Philosophy would render us entirely Pyrrhonian," Hume declared, "were not Nature too strong for it." The beliefs that a person is forced to hold enable him to describe the world scientifically, but when he tries to justify them he is led to complete skepticism. Before he goes mad with doubts, however, Nature brings him back to common sense, to unjustifiable beliefs. Hume's fideism was a natural rather than a religious one; it is only animal faith that provides relief from complete doubt. The religious context of skepticism from Montaigne to Bayle had thus been removed, and humanity was left with only its natural beliefs, which might be meaningless or valueless.
The French Enlightenment philosophers, the philosophes, built upon their skeptical readings of Locke and Bayle and on their interpretation of Berkeley as a radical skeptic. While they produced vast amounts of new knowledge, they also placed alongside this a skepticism about whether one could ever establish knowledge of an external reality. Perhaps the most skeptical of the philosophes was the great French mathematician Condorcet (1743–94), who held that mathematics, physics, and moral philosophies were all merely probable. He also raised the possibility that the mental faculties by which people judge their knowledge might change over time, and hence that what is judged true today might not be judged true tomorrow.
The central themes in Hume's skeptical analysis—the basis of induction and causality, knowledge of the external world and the self, proofs of the existence of God—became the key issues of later philosophy. Hume's contemporary Thomas Reid hoped to rebut Hume's skepticism by exposing it as the logical conclusion of the basic assumptions of modern philosophy from Descartes onward. Such disastrous assumptions, he urged, should be abandoned for commonsensical principles that have to be believed. As Hume and Kant saw, however, Reid had not answered Hume's skepticism but had only sidestepped it by appealing to common sense. This provided neither a theoretical basis for belief nor a refutation of skeptical arguments.
Kant saw that Hume had posed a most fundamental challenge to all human knowledge claims. To answer him, it had to be shown not "that" knowledge is possible but "how" knowledge is possible. Kant combined a skepticism toward metaphysical knowledge with the contention that certain universal and necessary conditions are involved in having experience and describing it. In terms of these conditions it is possible to have genuine knowledge about the forms of all possible experience—space and time—and about the categories in which all experience is described. Any effort to apply these categories beyond possible experience, however, leads to contradictions and skepticism. Thus it is not possible to know about "things-in-themselves" or about the ultimate causes of experience.
Although Kant thought that he had answered the challenge of skepticism, some of his contemporaries saw his philosophy as commencing a new skeptical era. G.E. Schulze (or Schulze-Aenesidemus), a notable critic of Kantianism, insisted that, on Kant's theory, no one could know any objective truths about anything; he could only know the subjective necessity of his own views. The Jewish critic Salomon Maimon contended that, though there are such things as a priori concepts (concepts that can be known independently of experience), their application to experience is always problematical, and whether they apply can be determined only through experience itself. Hence, the possibility of knowledge can never be established with certainty. Assured truth on the basis of concepts is possible only of human creations, like mathematical ideas, and it is questionable whether these have any objective truth. The thesis that human creativity is the basis of truth, however, was soon developed by Johann Gottlieb Fichte, a leading German idealist, as a new way of transcending skepticism.
Another skeptical critic of Kant, Johann Georg Hamann, saw in Hume's and Kant's work a new basis for fideism. If knowledge of reality cannot be gained by rational means, then one must turn to faith. Based on Hume's efforts, Hamann advanced an antirational skepticism in an unsuccessful effort to convince Kant to become a fideistic Christian. Hamann's kind of fideism was also developed in France by Catholic opponents of the French Revolution such as Joseph de Maistre and Félicité Lamennais.
Skepticism from the 19th century to the present
In the 19th century, irrational skepticism was developed into existentialism, a school of philosophy that emphasizes the concrete and problematic character of human existence. Using traditional skeptical themes to attack Hegelianism and liberal Christianity, the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard stressed the need for faith. Only by an unjustified (and unjustifiable) "leap into faith" could certainty be found—which would then be entirely subjective rather than objective. Subsequent theologians influenced by existentialism argued that the challenge of skepticism highlights humanity's inability to find any ultimate truth except through faith and commitment. Nonreligious forms of this view were developed in the 20th century by existentialist writers such as Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus, both of whom combined the epistemological skepticism of Kierkegaard with the religious and ethical skepticism of Friedrich Nietzsche. The rational and scientific examination of the world shows it to be unintelligible and absurd; and if "God is dead," as Nietzsche proclaimed, then the world is ultimately meaningless. Yet it is necessary to struggle with it. It is thus through action and commitment that one finds whatever personal meaning one can, though it has no objective significance.
Idealism and naturalism
Other kinds of skepticism appeared in various schools of modern and contemporary philosophy. The English idealist F.H. Bradley used classical skeptical arguments in his Appearance and Reality: A Metaphysical Essay (1893) to argue that the world cannot be understood empirically or materialistically; true knowledge can be reached only by transcending the world of appearance.
The American philosopher George Santayana, in Scepticism and Animal Faith (1923), presented a naturalistic skepticism. Any interpretation of immediate or intuited experience is open to question. To make life meaningful, however, people interpret their experiences on the basis of "animal faith," according to biological and social factors. The resulting beliefs, though unjustified and perhaps illusory, enable them to persevere and to find meaning in their lives.
Logical positivism
Types of skepticism also appeared in 20th-century logical positivism and linguistic philosophy. The attack on speculative metaphysics—developed by Ernst Mach, by Bertrand Russell, and by Rudolf Carnap—incorporated a skepticism about the possibility of gaining knowledge of anything other than mere logical tautologies. Russell and the important philosopher of science Karl Popper further stressed the unjustifiability of the principle of induction, and Popper criticized theories of knowledge based upon empirical verification (see verifiability principle). Fritz Mauthner, a founder of linguistic analysis, set forth a skepticism according to which there are no objective connections between language and the world; word meaning in a language is relative to its users and thus subjective. Every attempt to determine what is true leads back to linguistic formulations, not to objective states of affairs. The result is a complete skepticism about reality—a reality that cannot even be expressed except in terms of what Mauthner called godless mystical contemplation. Mauthner's linguistic skepticism bears some affinities to the views expressed in Ludwig Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1921).
Moore and Wittgenstein
A different way of dealing with skepticism was set forth by the Cambridge philosopher G.E. Moore. He contended that no matter how compelling skeptical arguments may be, they cannot undermine the certain knowledge that people have of basic propositions, such as "the Earth has existed for a long time." This kind of certain knowledge can serve as a foundation for other knowledge claims, even though there may be some highly unusual circumstances in which it could be questioned. Ludwig Wittgenstein, in his late work On Certainty (posthumously published in 1969), explored this kind of resolution, though he rejected Moore's characterization of that which is certain as a kind of knowledge. For Wittgenstein, certainty lay in the ways in which human beings act—in their "forms of life." Contemporary philosophers continue to argue about what constitutes knowledge and whether there can be a kind of certain knowledge that is immune to skeptical doubt.
A new, radical form of skepticism emerged in the last half of the 20th century: postmodernism. This view questioned whether there can be any rational, objective framework for discussing intellectual problems, or whether instead the intellectual frameworks that people use are inherently determined by their life situations. Developing out of 20th-century literary criticism and psychological theory, postmodernism undermined confidence in the validity of any kind of human investigation of the world by showing that such an investigation itself would need to be investigated. Invoking ideas drawn from Martin Heidegger, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, Jean-François Lyotard, and Richard Rorty, postmodernists saw philosophy and science merely as activities—to be judged in terms of their roles in, or effects on, human societies rather than by some transcendent standard of truth or falsehood. Psychologists and sociologists sympathetic to postmodernism stressed how intellectual frameworks vary according to sexual orientation, race, gender, and other features of human identity. A general skepticism resulted from seeing that there is no objective standpoint from which to compare or evaluate these different points of view. Critics of postmodernism regarded it as confused and pernicious, insofar as it seemed to imply a thoroughgoing epistemological relativism.
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
epistemology: SkepticismMany philosophers, as well as many people studying philosophy for the first time, have been struck by the seemingly indecisive nature of philosophical argumentation. For every argument there seems to be a counterargument, and for every position a counterposition. To a considerable extent, skepticism…
Western philosophy: SkepticismThere was still another Hellenistic school of philosophy, Skepticism, which was initiated by another of Zeno's contemporaries, Pyrrhon of Elis (
c.360– c.272 bc), and was destined to become of great importance for the preservation of detailed knowledge of Hellenistic philosophy in general. Pyrrhon…
philosophy of language: SkepticismIn his dialogue
Cratylus, the Greek philosopher Plato (428/427–348/347 bc) identified a fundamental problem regarding language. If the connection between words and things is entirely arbitrary or conventional, as it seems to be, it is difficult to understand how language enables human beings to…
Pierre Gassendi: Skepticism and atomismIn 1641 the theologian and mathematician Marin Mersenne invited Gassendi and several other eminent thinkers to contribute comments on the manuscript of René Descartes's
Meditations(1641); Gassendi's comments, in which he argued that Descartes had failed to establish the reality and certainty…
history of Europe: The proto-Enlightenment…called "the first of the skeptical philosophers." He might also be called the first of the encyclopaedists, for he was more publicist than philosopher, eclectic in his interests, information, and ideas. The title
Nouvelles de la république des lettres(1684–87) conveys the method and ideal of this superior form of…
More About Skepticism38 references found in Britannica articles
Assorted References
- doctrine of epoche
- In epochē
- influence on philosophe movement
- In philosophe
- major references
comparison to
- philosophy of "as if"
- probability
philosophical schools and doctrines
- Aristotelianism
- continental philosophy
- Empiricism
- epistemology


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subset: commoncrawl


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Where Kreisler was all about emotion and tone, Heifetz was all about technique and mastery of every little detail of the performance.
Heifetz had his New York debut at Carnegie Hall at age 16, but before that he had toured all over Europe. Kreisler, after accompanying the 12-year-old Heifetz at the piano in a performance of the Mendelssohn Concerto, said to all present, "We may as well break our fiddles across our knees."
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Message Queue provides a Metrics Message Producer, which receives information from the Metrics Generator at regular intervals and writes the information into metrics messages,. The Metrics Message Producer then sends these messages to one of a number of metric topic destinations, depending on the type of metric information contained in the messages.
You can access this metrics information by writing a client application that subscribes to the metrics topic destinations, consumes the messages in these destinations, and processes the metrics information contained in the messages. This allows you to create custom monitoring tools to support messaging applications. For details of the metric quantities reported in each type of metrics message, see Chapter 4, Using the Metrics Monitoring API, in Oracle GlassFish Message Queue 4.4.2 Developer's Guide for Java Clients
There are five metrics topic destinations, whose names are shown in Table 13–6, along with the type of metrics messages delivered to each destination.Table 13–6 Metrics Topic Destinations
Topic Name
Destination metrics for queue queueName
Destination metrics for topic topicName
The broker properties imq.metrics.topic.enabled and imq.metrics.topic.interval control, respectively, whether messages are sent to metric topic destinations and how often. The imq.metrics.topic.timetolive and imq.metrics.topic.persist properties specify the lifetime of such messages and whether they are persistent.
Besides the information contained in the body of a metrics message, the header of each message includes properties that provide the following additional information:
The message type
The address (host name and port number) of the broker that sent the message
The time the metric sample was taken
These properties are useful to client applications that process metrics messages of different types or from different brokers.
This section describes the procedure for using the message-based monitoring capability to gather metrics information. The procedure includes both client development and administration tasks.
Write a metrics monitoring client.
See the Message Queue Developer's Guide for Java Clients for instructions on programming clients that subscribe to metrics topic destinations, consume metrics messages, and extract the metrics data from these messages.
Configure the broker's Metrics Message Producer by setting broker property values in the config.properties file:
Enable metrics message production.
Set imq.metrics.topic.enabled=true
The default value is true.
Set the interval (in seconds) at which metrics messages are generated.
Set imq.metrics.topic.interval=interval .
The default is 60 seconds.
Specify whether you want metrics messages to be persistent (that is, whether they will survive a broker failure).
Set imq.metrics.topic.persist .
The default is false.
Specify how long you want metrics messages to remain in their respective destinations before being deleted.
Set imq.metrics.topic.timetolive .
The default value is 300 seconds.
Set any access control you desire on metrics topic destinations.
See the discussion in Security and Access Considerations below.
Start up your metrics monitoring client.
When consumers subscribe to a metrics topic, the metrics topic destination will automatically be created. Once a metrics topic has been created, the broker's metrics message producer will begin sending metrics messages to the metrics topic.
There are two reasons to restrict access to metrics topic destinations:
Metrics data might include sensitive information about a broker and its resources.
Excessive numbers of subscriptions to metrics topic destinations might increase broker overhead and negatively affect performance.
Because of these considerations, it is advisable to restrict access to metrics topic destinations.
Monitoring clients are subject to the same authentication and authorization control as any other client. Only users maintained in the Message Queue user repository are allowed to connect to the broker.
You can provide additional protections by restricting access to specific metrics topic destinations through an access control file, as described in User Authorization.
For example, the following entries in an accesscontrol.properties file will deny access to the mq.metrics.broker metrics topic to everyone except user1 and user 2.
topic.mq.metrics.broker.consume.deny.user=* topic.mq.metrics.broker.consume.allow.user=user1,user2
The following entries will only allow users user3 to monitor topic t1.
topic.mq.metrics.destination.topic.t1.consume.deny.user=* topic.mq.metrics.destination.topic.t1.consume.allow.user=user3
Depending on the sensitivity of metrics data, you can also connect your metrics monitoring client to a broker using an encrypted connection. For information on using encrypted connections, see Message Encryption.
The metrics data outputs you get using the message-based monitoring API is a function of the metrics monitoring client you write. You are limited only by the data provided by the metrics generator in the broker. For a complete list of this data, see Chapter 21, Metrics Information Reference.


text:
The Good Guys Barbershop
By Lou Sorendo
An experience that brings back the feel of yesteryear. The Good Guys Barbershop, a traditional, full-service shop located in downtown Oswego, offers just that, according to its owner, Keith Raymond. Nestled w... [Subscriber-only content]
This article is for Paid Print Subscribers ONLY.
Oswego County Business Magazine
October/November 2018
Issue 158
Cover Story
- Extra Money, Thanks to Airbnb
- Oswego Property is No. 1 on Airbnb Search
Growing number of Central New Yorkers renting their homes and properties to vacationers on Airbnb
Oswego businessman Matt Dawson cashes in on leasing space as part of emerging trend. His is the first property that pops up in the Airbnb search for Oswego
- William 'David' Malone, Jr.
- Where in the World is Sandra Scott?
- Brooke's Books
- Vona's Restaurant
- Oswego's Restaurant Scene What's Missing?
- How a Bank Can Help Your Succession Planning
- Prepping to Get a Business Loan
- Credit Unions Vs. Banks. What's the Real Difference?
- Southern Graphic Systems in Phoenix to Close
- Lakeside Commons: Occupancy 'Better than Expected'
- Record: SUNY Oswego Enrolls 'Most Diverse Class of New Students
- Operation Oswego County Has New Finance Director
- Leadership is Influence — Part 2
Special Report
- Soup'r Heroes
- CNY Cheap Custom Tees
- Six Scoops Ice Cream
- Leanna's Art Room
- Chickadee Homestead
- Leigh Viscomi Photography
- Stone Hill Gardens
- CNY's New Auto Row
- Immigration Crackdown Affecting CNY Farms Differently
- 'We Do Need People Coming In'
- Dairy Price Dip Hurts Local Farmers
- '35 Years Later, I'm Still With the Bank'
- More CNY Businesses, Homes to Gain Broadband Access
- Recruitment: Industries Still Struggling to Find Workers
- Roger Bristol: 40 Years of Ownership of Halsey Machinery
- The Need for Unrestricted Funds for Workforce
- Re-Leaf Syracuse
- Trucking Industry Hits Pothole
- Drivers Wanted
- Retirement Bliss or Nightmare?
- Retired, and In Debt
- CNY Cities Make Cut for New Federal Tax Investment Program
- Women Entrepreneurs Get Help from WISE
Nancy Fox
On The Job
What's Your Must-Ask Job Interview Question?
Success Stories
The Good Guys Barbershop
My Turn
Free Speech in a An Era of Racist, Vulgar Comments
Economic Trends
The Impact of Manufacturing and Power Generation on Oswego County
Last Page
Shonna Sargent


text:
Camille @ Alkali needed a new print or packaging design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 28 designs submitted by 8 freelance designers.
As a company we are dedicated to helping people live the life they have always wanted, and to aid them to be the best and the most confident they can be.
We believe people with confidence are happier and more successful.
We deliver this through cosmetic dentistry, accelerated braces, highly effective non-surgical facial enhancements and rejuvenating facial treatments.
At Alkali we are dedicated to providing the highest quality treatments along with outstanding personal customer service. A reflection of this continuing dedication is that we have one of the highest number of five star online reviews, for any company of our sort, which is something we are very proud of.
Professional adults 30 to 55. They care about their appearance and want the best treatment available for them. Fashion conscious, busy, time poor. We want to attract new patients who care about their health & like the latest modern technologies.
This will be a flyer delivered in post and by promo people. We want to grab people's attention and make them want to open our flyer. We want to communicate them how we are different, and how we can help them. How our dental treatments are best in class.
We want pictures of the clinic (I've joined them), testimonials from patients (I've joined them), vouchers (as shown on "Flyerexample.pdf").
I've joined the type font that we use too.
Folded a5 - 4 pages


text:
Papyri from the Washington University Collection, St. Louis, Missouri: (P. Wash. Univ. II). Part II
Zola M. Packman, Klaus Maresch
Verlag, 1990 - Manuscripts, Greek (Papyri) - 246 pages
What people are saying - Write a review
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Literary and Subliterary texts 62 Homer Iliad Xm 51227 and 54560 4th cent 1
Iliad DC 133147 2nd cent BQ
Apollonius of Rhodes Argonautica II51219 2nd cent
48 other sections not shown
Other editions - View all
Papyri from the Washington University Collection, St. Louis, Missouri
Klaus Maresch,Zola Packman
No preview available - 2014
Common terms and phrases
abbreviation Andocides appears Arsinoite nome attested Byzantine centri abitati century Plate codices column of writing Demosthenes diaeresis Dionysia drachma edge entry examples exouq fibers fifth fourth century Gignac Grammar Greek Gronewald Hagedorn Haslam Heraios issuer lading receipts letters lines of writing margin Merkelbach n(apa Namenbuch nepi numbers of persons oath obols type occurs oiKov Oxyrhynchus Oxyrhynchus documents P.J. Sijpesteijn P.Laur P.Mich P.Oxy P.Ryl P.Tebt P.Wash.Univ papyrus papyrus fragment papyrus texts passim Pauni payments perhaps Phanias phrase piece place names possible preserved probably Pruneti Ptolemaic Ptolemaic period recorded recto Roman Egypt SB XIV SB XVI Schuman second century seems sixth century solidus strategos sum of income Tebtunis tetradrachmas third century toparchy Totti villages Washington University fragment wine word Worp xr\q Youtie ywexai


text: Michal et al. I work for Quadrics. What you are descibing is the original QsNet interconnect (aka Elan3) as used in all Alphaserver SC machines like PSC and ASCI-Q. The QM400 cards are PCI 66 MHz/64bit wide bus with 400MHz bi-directional links. It is also known as the 3X-CCNNA-AA in HP/Compaq part lists. Using MPI, the bandwidth is quoted as 340MB/s with a latency of 4.7us (numbers from https://computing.llnl.gov/mpi/machines.html) Yes the 16-port line cards in the 17U 128-way switch are virtually identical to the board in the 2U QMS-16 small switch. Although I haven't tried myself, I think that they will work on there own as long as you supply some power and a bit of airflow. http://web1.quadrics.com/onlinedocs/Linux/Hawk/html/QsNetInstall/QsNetInstall-cha-5.html is a good reference to the 16-way switch including photos, with installing and servicing information. and http://web1.quadrics.com/onlinedocs/Linux/Hawk/html/QsNetInstall/QsNetInstall-cha-3.html#chapter765 descibes the 128way switch and the HCAs The JTAG is just for management - you don't really need it as the switch's default configuration is fine for 16-way use. But if you did, then yes the pin-out is standard and there are open source drivers for talking to it downloadable from our website. Note that the 17U chassis also presuambly contains 16 smaller cards mounted horizontally. these are used to connect the 8 16-way line cards together. Although they contain the same switch chip as the line cards, they do not have suitable connectors to make them useful for standalone use. $20 per card/cables seems a bargain! so good luck to you. Hope this helps, Daniel ------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Dan Kidger, Quadrics Ltd. daniel.kidger at quadrics.com One Bridewell St., Bristol, BS1 2AA, UK +44 (0)117 915 5519 ----------------------- www.quadrics.com -------------------- -----Original Message----- From: beowulf-bounces at beowulf.org [mailto:beowulf-bounces at beowulf.org] On Behalf Of Michael Brown Sent: 10 April 2008 17:58 To: beowulf at beowulf.org Subject: [Beowulf] QsNet (one) gear, anyone interested? Hello all, I've recently ended up with a complete QsNet interconnect setup - a fully loaded QM-S128 with 126 QM-400 cards and associated cables. Now, I'm obviously not going to be using all of this. I don't have 16 computers to cluster, let alone 126, and the 700W power consumption of the switch makes running it kinda expensive :) Upon some reading, it appears as though each of the individual 16-port cards in the QM-S128 is the same as the card in the 16-way QM-S128, save for the power supply setup and the JTAG connector. Specifically, it looks like if I remove the DC-DC converter from the card and figure out the pinouts for the 3.3V power and JTAG connectors (neither should be too difficult), I've got a decent chance at getting one of the switch cards to work without the whole chassis. My question here is: how many people would be interested in some of this gear? If there's a few people interested, I'll try and do a good job on one of the cards to get an accurate price (guesstimate at the moment $200-$250 for the switch based on PSU + 1U enclosure + packing, plus ~$20 per card + cable). If noone is interested I'll just do the job to the point that it works for me :) I'd prefer to sell in sets of 16, otherwise I'll end up with a whole lot of cards and cables that are of no use. Also, given that I'm in Australia and each of the cables is big and heavy, shipping overseas wouldn't be especially cheap. Cheers, Michael _______________________________________________ Beowulf mailing list, Beowulf at beowulf.org To change your subscription (digest mode or unsubscribe) visit http://www.beowulf.org/mailman/listinfo/beowulf


text:
Thursday, May 19, 2011
Thor - Frost Giant Concept Art
Frost Giant concept art for "Thor", directed by Kenneth Branagh.
The focus while designing these guys was on the character.
Posted by Michael Kutsche at 2:15 PM
4 comments:
- J.J.*Jolanta Jasiulionyte* said...
this (as well as other pieces for Thor)seem to feel slightly different works of yours, very excitting concepts! :]
- May 19, 2011 at 2:31 PM
Your characters manage to convey their feelings through expressions. I look at them and I know what theyre thinking. Few artists are able to do it.
- May 20, 2011 at 11:07 AM
- Cruzita! said...
I really like the tension in his forehead and around his eyes, so grave and powerful.
- May 29, 2011 at 11:44 AM
- Tom Garden said...
Awesome man. You rule.
- October 13, 2011 at 10:18 PM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
July 10, 2014 09:56 ET
CALGARY, ALBERTA--(Marketwired - July 10, 2014) - Superior Plus Corp. ("Superior") (TSX:SPB) -
July 2014 Cash Dividend - $0.05 per share
Superior Plus Corp. today announced its cash dividend for the month of July 2014 of $0.05 per share payable on August 15, 2014. The record date is July 31, 2014 and the ex-dividend date will be July 29, 2014. Superior's annualized cash dividend rate is currently $0.60 per share. This dividend is an eligible dividend for Canadian income tax purposes.
2014 Second Quarter Results and Conference Call
Superior expects to release its 2014 second quarter results on Wednesday, August 6, 2014. A conference call and webcast for investors, analysts, brokers and media representatives to discuss the 2014 Second Quarter Results is scheduled for 8:00 a.m. MDT on Thursday, August 7, 2014. To participate in the call, dial: 1-866-225-9256. An archived recording of the call will be available for replay until midnight, Sunday, October 5, 2014. To access the recording, dial: 1-800-408-3053 and enter pass code 8917288. Internet users can listen to the call live, or as an archived call, on Superior's website at: www.superiorplus.com.
About the Corporation
Superior consists of three primary operating businesses: Energy Services includes the distribution of propane and distillates, providing fixed-price energy services, and supply portfolio management; Specialty Chemicals includes the manufacture and sale of specialty chemicals; and Construction Products Distribution includes the distribution of specialty construction products.
Forward-Looking Information
This press release may contain forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs as well as assumptions based on information available at the time the assumption was made and on management's experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors deemed appropriate in the circumstances. No assurance can be given that these assumptions and expectations will prove to be correct. Forward-looking statements are not facts, but only predications and can generally be identified by the use of statements that include phrases such as "anticipate", "believe", "continue", "could", "estimate", "foresee", "expect", "plan", "intend", "forecast", "future", "guidance", "may", "predict", "project", "should", "strategy", "target", "will" or similar expressions suggesting future outcomes. Forward-looking information in this Press Release includes but is not limited to, assumptions concerning the future payment of dividends. Superior believes the expectations reflected in such forward-looking information are reasonable but no assurance can be given that these expectations will prove to be correct and such forward-looking statements should not be unduly relied upon.
Forward-looking information is not a guarantee of future performance and involves a number of risks and uncertainties some of which are described herein. Such forward-looking information necessarily involves known and unknown risks and uncertainties, which may cause Superior's actual results to differ materially from any projections of future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking information. These risks and uncertainties include but are not limited to the inability of Superior to meet the liquidity tests set forth in the Canada Business Corporations Act with respect to the payment of dividends and future changes to applicable tax laws and the other risks identified in the Corporation's 2013 Annual Information Form under the heading "Risk Factors", which is available on the SEDAR website (www.sedar.com). Any forward-looking information is made as of the date hereof and, except as required by law, Superior does not undertake any obligation to publicly update or revise such information to reflect new information, subsequent or otherwise.
Superior Plus Corp.Wayne BinghamExecutive Vice-President and Chief Financial Officer(403) 218-2951(403) 218-2973 (FAX)firstname.lastname@example.com Plus Corp.Jay BachmanVice-President, Investor Relations and Treasurer(403) 218-2957 or Toll Free: 1-866-490-PLUS (7587)(403) 218-2973 (FAX)email@example.com
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text:
Glazunov was significant in that he successfully reconciled nationalism and cosmopolitanism in Russian music. While he was the direct successor to Balakirev's nationalism, he tended more towards Borodin's epic grandeur while absorbing a number of other influences. These included Rimsky-Korsakov's orchestral virtuosity, Tchaikovsky's lyricism and Taneyev's contrapuntal skill. His weaknesses were a streak of academicism which sometimes overpowered his inspiration and an eclecticism which could sap the ultimate stamp of originality from his music. Younger composers such as Prokofiev and Shostakovich eventually considered his music old-fashioned while also admitting he remained a composer with an imposing reputation and a stabilizing influence in a time of transition and turmoil.
Glazunov was born in Saint Petersburg, the son of a wealthy publisher. He began studying piano at the age of nine and began composing at 11. Mily Balakirev, former leader of the nationalist group "The Five", recognized Glazunov's talent and brought his work to the attention of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. "Casually Balakirev once brought me the composition of a fourteen- or fifteen-year-old high-school student, Sasha Glazunov", Rimsky-Korsakov remembered. "It was an orchestral score written in childish fashion. The boy's talent was indubitably clear." Balakirev introduced him to Rimsky-Korsakov shortly afterwards, in December 1879. Rimsky-Korsakov premiered this work in 1882, when Glazunov was 16. Borodin and Stasov, among others, lavishly praised both the work and its composer.
Rimsky-Korsakov taught Glazunov as a private student. "His musical development progressed not by the day, but literally by the hour", Rimsky-Korsakov wrote. The nature of their relationship also changed. By the spring of 1881, Rimsky-Korsakov considered Glazunov more of a junior colleague than a student. While part of this development may have been from Rimsky-Korsakov's need to find a spiritual replacement for Modest Mussorgsky, who had died that March, it may have also been from observing his progress on the first of Glazunov's eight completed symphonies (he left a ninth unfinished at his death).
Mentored by Belyayev
More important than this praise was that among the work's admirers was a wealthy timber merchant and amateur musician, Mitrofan Belyayev. Belyayev was introduced to Glazunov's music by Anatoly Lyadov and would take a keen interest in the teenager's musical future, then extend that interest to an entire group of nationalist composers. Belyayev took Glazunov on a trip to Western Europe in 1884. Glazunov met Liszt in Weimar, where Glazunov's First Symphony was performed.
Also in 1884, Belyayev rented out a hall and hired an orchestra to play Glazunov's First Symphony plus an orchestral suite Glazunov had just composed. Buoyed by the success of the rehearsal, Belyayev decided the following season to give a public concert of works by Glazunov and other composers. This project grew into the Russian Symphony Concerts, which were inaugurated during the 1886–1887 season.
In 1885 Belyayev started his own publishing house in Leipzig, Germany, initially publishing music by Glazunov, Lyadov, Rimsky-Korsakov and Borodin at his own expense. Young composers started appealing for his help. To help select from their offerings, Belyayev asked Glazunov to serve with Rimsky-Korsakov and Lyadov on an advisory council. The group of composers that formed eventually became known at the Belyayev Circle.
Glazunov soon enjoyed international acclaim. Nevertheless, he experienced a creative crisis in 1890–1891. He came out of this period with a new maturity. During the 1890s he wrote three symphonies, two string quartets and the ballet. When he was elected director of the Saint Petersburg Conservatory in 1905, he was at the height of his creative powers. His best works from this period are considered his Eighth Symphony and his Violin Concerto. This was also the time of his greatest international acclaim. He conducted the last of the Russian Historical Concerts in Paris on 17 May 1907 and received honorary Doctor of Music degrees from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge. There were also cycles of all-Glazunov concerts in Saint Petersburg and Moscow to celebrate his 25th anniversary as a composer.
Glazunov made his conducting debut in 1888. The following year, he conducted his Second Symphony in Paris at the World Exhibition. He was appointed conductor for the Russian Symphony Concerts in 1896. In March of that year he conducted the posthumous premiere of Tchaikovsky's student overture The Storm. In 1897, he led the disastrous premiere of Rachmaninoff's Symphony No 1. The composer's wife later claimed that Glazunov seemed to be drunk at the time. While this assertion cannot be confirmed, it is not implausible for a man who, according to Shostakovich, kept a bottle of alcohol hidden behind his desk and sipped it through a tube during lessons.
Drunk or not, Glazunov had insufficient rehearsal time with the symphony and, while he loved the art of conducting, he never fully mastered it. From time to time he conducted his own compositions, especially the ballet Raymonda, even though he may have known he had no talent for it. He would sometimes joke, "You can criticize my compositions, but you can't deny that I am a good conductor and a remarkable conservatory Director."
Despite the hardships he suffered during World War I and the ensuing Russian Civil War, Glazunov remained active as a conductor. He conducted concerts in factories, clubs and Red Army posts. He played a prominent part in the Russian observation in 1927 of the centenary of Beethoven's death, as both speaker and conductor. After he left Russia, he conducted an evening of his works in Paris in 1928. This was followed by engagements in Portugal, Spain, France, England, Czechoslovakia, Poland, the Netherlands, and the United States.
In 1899, Glazunov became a professor at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory. In the wake of the 1905 Russian Revolution and firing, then re-hiring of Rimsky-Korsakov that year, Glazunov became its director. He remained so until the revolutionary events of 1917, which culminated on 7 November. His Piano Concerto No. 2 in B major, Op. 100, which he conducted, was premiered at the first concert held in Petrograd after that date. After the end of World War I, he was instrumental in the reorganization of the Conservatory—this may, in fact, have been the main reason he waited so long to go into exile. During his tenure he worked tirelessly to improve the curriculum, raise the standards for students and staff, as well as defend the institute's dignity and autonomy. Among his achievements were an opera studio and a students' philharmonic orchestra.
Glazunov showed paternal concern for the welfare of needy students, such as Dmitri Shostakovich and Nathan Milstein. He also personally examined hundreds of students at the end of each academic year, writing brief comments on each.
While Glazunov's sobriety could be questioned, his prestige was not. Because of his reputation, the Conservatory received special status among institutions of higher learning in the aftermath of the October Revolution. Glazunov established a sound working relationship with the Bolshevik regime, especially with Anatoly Lunacharsky, the minister of education. Nevertheless, Glazunov's conservatism was attacked within the Conservatory. Increasingly, professors demanded more progressive methods, and students wanted greater rights. Glazunov saw these demands as both destructive and unjust. Tired of the Conservatory, he took advantage of the opportunity to go abroad in 1928 for the Schubert centenary celebrations in Vienna. He did not return. Maximilian Steinberg ran the Conservatory in his absence until Glazunov finally resigned in 1930.
Glazunov toured Europe and the United States in 1928, and settled in Paris by 1929. He always claimed that the reason for his continued absence from Russia was "ill health"; this enabled him to remain a respected composer in the Soviet Union, unlike Stravinsky and Rachmaninoff, who had left for other reasons. In 1929, he conducted an orchestra of Parisian musicians in the first complete electrical recording of The Seasons. In 1934, he wrote his Saxophone Concerto, a virtuoso and lyrical work for the alto saxophone.
Married life
In 1929, at age 64, Glazunov married the 54-year-old Olga Nikolayevna Gavrilova (1875–1968). The previous year, Olga's daughter Elena Gavrilova had been the soloist in the first Paris performance of his Piano Concerto No. 2 in B major, Op. 100. He subsequently adopted Elena (she is sometimes referred to as his stepdaughter), and she then used the name Elena Glazunova. In 1928, Elena had married the pianist Sergei Tarnowsky, who managed Glazunov's professional and business affairs in Paris, such as negotiating his United States appearances with Sol Hurok. Elena later appeared as Elena Gunther-Glazunova after her second marriage, to Herbert Gunther (1906–1978).
Glazunov died in Neuilly-sur-Seine (near Paris) at the age of 70 in 1936. The announcement of his death shocked many. They had long associated Glazunov with the music of the past rather than of the present, so they thought he had already been dead for many years.
In 1972 his remains were reinterred in Leningrad.
Source: Wikipedia


text:
Stocks Close Slightly Lower
Stocks cooled their heels, with markets pulling back after major indexes stitched together their biggest weekly gains in more than a year. Matt Jarzemsky on what happened in the markets Monday. Photo: AP.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... the ... ball ... quickly ... the line show that they bought it out to about fifty one points about the mass back down now ... a tiny bit a couple points ... and the SB down a profit ... of one descends tell us why ... it went across the board we have Munjal Zemsky ... site is is with us thank you remits Bing and that the Fed may come some ... sinking feeling ... yet yet I know any better economic news to the torso and sometimes I wanna get not a lot as NetApp amusing is really slow day on pre much no economic data releases of note ... aam you know last week we had this huge day on Wednesday ... in a three hundred and one brown for the Dow ended ... an amount into gear last week having been the biggest gains in any week in more than a year so ... it's a lot of ... fund managers and investors talking about kind of a ... cooling back after investing right now we also saw it on Amazon at all-time highs it's a aam ... some overseas selling everything to everyone so anyway my mostly on my credit card ... offers will arrive from the bill will rise anyway from the chili ... I mean this to me seems to keep ... telling them that it's about right yet I mean here we get the Amazon Prime boxes at my house on its weekly basis but to ... in today's ... action with Amazon which is said an upgrade of their stock from ... an analyst firm so ... you know nothing particularly exciting but ... the new we've had this kind of this from where major benchmarks are at ... nipples all-time highs the Russell two thousand m Texas markets it's an all-time high last week so ... well I was just more these ultimate spread with a slight opening season kicking off tomorrow with Alcoa one might expect some reason well but I mean what what are people look at that company ... well I can tell to listen to the first Dow components report earnings season so ... it just has this kind of historical role it's ... the it's like the unofficial start ... of earnings ... we also mobile new listings was so close to my four out of the street talking about the crises in Europe the European crisis the fix was going to be on the Greece inspired ... me just seems to drag on and and I think quite a few weeks a new thing will still be talking about it for five years ... yes I know ... that predicting ... but what you say you know it has been a little bit off the front burner lately you know we had the fiscal cliff and how this debt ceiling step in the US so ... im ... mobile and something to read too much was a system acquired on the no quick solution everyone to be happy oh did we say we were wrong though ... perhaps not not so much that so you'll be keeping a close Ottawa Alcoa reports tomorrow after the close from the strip okay ... write ... to you my much much does ends the ... concept of Max wore on the vs day don't come ...


text:
The insanely warm (but extremely welcome!) summer-like temperatures in Chicago have officially given us reason to share our unbridled excitement for beach vacations, flowy skirts and, of course, romantic summer weddings.
And with our first 'Save the Date' invitation received, we thought it appropriate to share engagement and wedding photos that were taken at our downtown lighting showroom throughout the past year.
When the phone calls from photographers and happy couples first started rolling in, our staff was surprised to hear people wanted to use our showroom as the backdrop for their engagement or wedding photos.
But now that we've seen the result, we understand why! Our three-story (plus rooftop) showroom is full of crevices and crannies that make for uniquely 'illuminating' photographs.
Our showroom and rooftop garden are always available for photography during normal business hours, so lovebirds and aspiring photographers alike, feel free to stop by!
But please make sure and share the photos with us – we'll need them to cheer us up we get snow in May. (Chicago, you know it will happen.)
Browse through the gallery below to see more engagement/wedding photos taken at the Lightology showroom!


text:
From The Files Of June 4, 1992
Charles Dunn, superintendent of Forbes Road
School District, was named superintendent of record for the Fulton County Area Vocational- Technical School for the next two years by the vo-tech school's joint operating committee. Dunn replaces Robert Swadley of Central Fulton, who served the vo-tech superintendent of record for the past two years.
The annual Strawberry Festival will be held this year Friday, June 5, and Saturday, June 6, on the courthouse lawn in McConnellsburg.
Fulton County Citizens Against the Radioactive Dump Organization is urging area residents to write to the state regarding what it perceives as a violation of the threestage land disqualification process for siting a low-level radioactive waste disposal facility in the state.
The twins born to a Mercersburg woman at Chambersburg Hospital following a head-on accident along Route 16 in Ayr Township May 23 are improving at Hershey Medical Center. The infant boy and girl, children of Chauncey and Kataja Harryman of Mercersburg, were flown to Hershey after being born in Chambersburg. The girl was listed Tuesday in good condition and the boy in fair condition in the neo-natal intensive care unit.
Baccalaureate services will be held June 3 in Forbes Road High School gymnasium and commencement services will be held June 5. Science teacher Garey Sprowl will be guest speaker. Valedictorian is Ginger Everhart and salutatorian is Tammy Hoffman.
A total of 52 seniors received their diplomas at Southern Fulton High School commencement ceremonies Friday, May 29. Salutatorian of the class is Christopher Bryan and valedictorian is Dariel Bard.
McConnellsburg High School's Class of 1992 will be honored at baccalaureate services June 7 and commencement exercises June 9. Named as valedictorian is Angela McElhaney and salutatorian is Timothy Hendricks.
Births at the Medical Center: a son to Mr. and Mrs. Gary King of Chambersburg on May 22; a son to Mr. and Mrs. Floyd Bohrer Jr., Warfordsburg, on May 22; a son to Mr. and Mrs. James Keebaugh of Harrisonville on May 21; a daughter to Mr. and Mrs. Richard Shearer of East Waterford on May 26.
Mary Peck of Big Cove Tannery announces the engagement of her daughter, Chery Peck, to Keith Souders, son of Mr. and Mrs. A. Dale Souders of McConnellsburg.
Deaths: John Kriner, Shippensburg; Lester Burke, Mc- Connellsburg; Hilda Barton, Breezewood; Stanley Alexander, Hagerstown; Jack Fleming, Three Springs.
Marriage licenses: Jeffrey Seville, Big Cove Tannery, and Lyndora Morris, Big Cove Tannery; Walter McElhaney Jr., Mercersburg, and Veronica Strait, Mercersburg.
30 Years Ago
From The Files Files Of June 10, 1982
The Mountain House on Tuscarora Summit has reopened a restaurant and bar, according to owner Jack Gothie, who for the past couple of years had leased the property to the Fulton Faith Center, a religious group which apparently has been disbanded.
The Fulton County Fairgrounds has begun to take on new look in recent years, and, with a little bit of luck, the improvements should continue well into the future. A local dairy promotion board has plans to build a permanent dairy products refreshment stand at the grounds, to sell such items as milkshakes and ice cream. The fair association has approved a location at the grounds for a permanent building to be built by the Jaycees as a food concession stand. Also, this summer the local 4-H Club is planning to build an exhibit building, and the fair association has approved the location of the building between the livestock arena and the firemen's stand.
Commencement ceremonies for 47 graduating Forbes Road High School seniors will be held on June 11. Guest speaker will be former superintendent Clyde Blair.
Sam Buterbaugh is enjoying the pickings, which are a little unusual, from his strawberry patch. Instead of bright red, they are ripe white, but taste the same as the red variety. He grows them from some he found growing on Route 16 several years ago.
Specials at the IGA: ground beef, $1.29 lb.; Scope $2.39; Tide detergent, $5.99; cantaloupes, 99 cents each; grapes 99 cents.
The McConnellsburg Spartan baseball team travelled to Everett to meet Mt. Union in the first round of the PIAA state class AA baseball tournament, after having beaten Berlin 7-4 last Friday to win the District 5 championship.
The Southern Fulton girls softball team won its second consecutive District 5-AA crown by defeating Meyersdale, the Somerset County champ, in the championship game by a score of 19-4 at Schellsburg last Wednesday.
Births at the Medical Center: a son to Mr. and Mrs. George W. Shotts Jr., Hustontown, on May 30; a daughter to Mr. and Mrs. Scott Smartt of Needmore on May 30; a daughter to Mr. and Mrs. William Didyk of Robertsdale on May 30; a daughter to Mr. and Mrs. Amos Weaver of Breezewood on May 30.
On April 3, Miss Jody Anna Gress, McConnellsburg, became the bride of Max Edward McQuade, McConnellsburg, at the Lutheran Church. Parents are Mr. and Mrs. Ronald Gress and Mr. and Mrs. Max H. McQuade.
Marriage licenses: Michael Bishop and Patty Kerlin, both of McConnellsburg; Eric Souders and Cathy DeShong, McConnellsburg.
40 Years Ago
From The Files Of June 22, 1972
A northern pike landed by a Fulton County angler
David Strait Jr. of Harrisonville while fishing on
May 29, near Preque Isle in Lake Erie, has been officially recognized as a state record by the Pennsylvania Fish Commission. The huge trophy, a mount of which was recently verified for species identification by a commission officer, measured 45 inches in length and breaks the previous record of a 42-7/8-inch northern pike.
Fulton County's antlerless deer license allocation for 1972 has been set by the Pennsylvania Game Commission at 3,900.
The annual Hustontown homecoming will be held this Fourth of July, with a full day of activities on tap for residents, relatives and friends.
Marriage licenses: John Smith of Three Springs and Juanita Shotts of Waterfall; Irven Cornelius of Saltillo and Tomiko Wilson of Three Springs; Paul Purgason of Hillcrest Heights, Md., and Karen Jaymes of Shade Gap; Ronald Cutchall of Three Springs and Alice Rohm of McConnellsburg.
Miss Andra K. Miller has graduated from the Harrisburg Area Community College with an Associate of Arts degree in secretarial science. She is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. R. Wayne Miller of McConnellsburg.
Cheryl Mae Souders, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Robert C. Souders of McConnellsburg, and Willard F. Deshong Sr. of Needmore were married April 15.
Sideling Hill Christian Church at Harrisonville was the site for the marriage of Barbara Jean Decker, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Kyle Decker, to George David Sowers, son of Mr. and Mrs. George E. Sowers of McConnellsburg.
Deaths: Paul S. Shimer, McConnellsburg; Charles Souders, McConnellsburg; Raymond Duvall, Warfordsburg; Theodore Ray, Hancock; Gilbert Wagner, Mount Union.
Wedding vows were exchanged on June 2 between Jean Patricia Hill, Needmore, and Thomas Gerald Henry, Berkeley Springs. Parents of the couple are Mr. and Mrs. Fred N. Hill of Needmore and Mr. and Mrs. Webster Henry of Hancock.
Center Church of Hustontown was the scene of a wedding Friday evening, April 21, uniting in marriage Sharon Knepper of Waterfall and Joe Snyder of Three Springs. The bride is a daughter of Mrs. Mary Knepper of Waterfall and the late David P. Knepper. The groom is a son of Mr. and Mrs. Harold G. Snyder of Three Springs.
50 Years Ago
From The Files Of June 28, 1962
After a three-week fund drive, the goal of $65,000
– which had to be raised locally toward the cost of a new building for the Frederick Tailoring Co., has been reached. February 1, 1963, has been set as the completion date of the new one-story 70,000-square-feet facility. The company is expecting to nearly double its employment figure of 350 to 600 workers.
Effective July 1, 1962, the room rates at Fulton County Medical Center will be: ward, $11.50; semiprivate, $13.50; private, $17.50; nursery, $5.50; and boarding nursery, $6.40 per day. The increase is the first since December 1957.
The Licking Creek Township High School closed the first week of June 1962. It had a student enrollment of 74 at the time and had been in existence for a little more than 30 years as the Greenhill High School. High school students form Licking Creek Township will be able to attend McConnellsburg High School on a tuition basis. The Greenhill Elementary School will continue in operation.
R.C. Mellott of Needmore narrowly escaped serious injury on Sunday when he intentionally ditched his truck after the vehicle's breaking system failed as it was descending Cove Mountain, travelling towards Mercersburg. He jumped from the truck and was knocked unconscious by his fall. Damage to the cargo of cans and milk was placed at $500 and $1,000 to the truck owned by K.G. Richards of McConnellsburg.
The Rev. McClelland H. Fortney will take over the Warfordsburg circuit of the Methodist Church this Sunday.
Rev. Charles W. Wealand of the McConnellsburg United Church of Christ was ordained on June 24 in the Bethany United Church of Christ in Ephrata, Pa.
The engagement of Sara E. Smith of McConnellsburg to James E. Stoops, Harrisburg, is announced.
Birth: a son to Mr. and Mrs. Richard A. Miller, Mc- Connellsburg, on June 26.
Esther Warthin, R.N., has accepted employment at Fulton County Medical Center.
Marriage licenses applied for at the local courthouse: Donald R. Long, Hustontown, and Joyce A. Kendall, Mc- Connellsburg; Coy E. Swope, Needmore, and Dorothy R. Knepper, Waterfall; Gerald R. Johnson, Pittsburgh, and Patricia Lee Rohrer, McConnellsburg.
News of men in service: Private Lester F. Hoover Jr., Mc- Connellsburg, is presently undergoing basic training at Parris Island, S.C., in the Marine Corps; Charles L. Buterbaugh, McConnellsburg, is taking recruit training at the U.S. Naval Training Center, Great Lakes, Ill. David R. Kylor of Burnt Cabins was recently promoted to private first class while serving in Korea. Pvt. Robert Appleby was recently assigned to the U.S. Army Signal Missile Support Agency at the White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico. Pvt. Boyd N. Deshong of Warfordsburg recently completed a six-week ammunition course at the Armor Center, Fort Knox, Ky. George F. Morton Jr., quartermaster second class, is serving aboard the radar ship USS Tracer, out of San Franciso.
Born at the Medical Center: a son to Mr. and Mrs. Clair Dickinson, Harrisonville, on June 18; a son to Mr. and Mrs. Paul Pittman, McConnellsburg, on June 18; a son to Mr. and Mrs. Charles Ray, Chambersburg, on June 20; twin boys to Mr. and Mrs. Richard Snyder, Hopewell, on June 21; a son to Mr. and Mrs. Raymond Seville, McConnellsburg, on June 22; a daughter to Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth Welsh, Mc- Connellsburg, on June 22; a son to Mr. and Mrs. Earl Waltz Jr., Hancock, on June 23.
Deaths: Bennett Lloyd Black, El Segunda, Calif., formerly of Hustontown; Henry Scott Unger, Chambersburg, formerly of McConnellsburg; Eugene K. Shaw, Tyrone, Pa.
60 Years Ago
From The Files Of June 26, 1952
Bardy Hays, son of Mr. and Mrs. Wilmer Hays, has enrolled for a six-week summer course in geography at McGill University, Stanstead, Quebec.
Birth: a son to Mr. and Mrs. Louis Drenning of Laidig on June 24.
A New Grenada man, critically injured about two weeks ago in a sawmill accident, died last Tuesday in Huntingdon Hospital. The victim, Charles Bishop, died as a result of internal injuries and uremia. Bishop, a veteran sawyer, was injured while working for the W.R. Gracey Lumber Co.'s sawmill near New Grenada. He had cut one board from a log and started to cut another before the offbearer had removed the first. The fast-turning saw caught the first board and threw it backwards, striking Bishop a terrific blow in the lower-right chest and abdomen.
A local board of review this week awarded Mrs. Emma Alexander of McConnellsburg $300 for a piece of land which the town had taken for a street in the southeastern section of the borough. Mrs. Alexander had sought $500.
Clyde L. Park of Needmore and Gerald P. Barnett of Hustontown reported for induction into the service at Pittsburgh on Wednesday of this week. These four will report to Pittsburgh on Monday for their induction physicals: James E. Clark of Needmore; Marlis L. Wertz of Amaranth; Gerald L. Souders of Hancock; and Norman W. Kerlin of Waterfall.
Approximately 115 persons gathered at the Lewis Everts home in lower Thompson Township last Friday to help him erect a new barn. Mr. Everts' first barn was struck by lightning and burned about a year ago.
In 1786, the borough of McConnellsburg was founded. In 1952, some 166 years later, the Borough Council of McConnellsburg saw fit to pass an ordinance prohibiting the keeping of hogs, goats, horses, etc., within the borough limits. The complete ordinance is printed in this issue.
Ernie Kessler and His Trio will be featured at the local VFW home on Saturday evening.
Gail Shaw of Wells Tannery underwent a tonsillectomy at the Bedford Memorial Hospital on Friday.
Pvt. John Van Horn of Wells Tannery has completed his basic training at Fort Knox, Ky.
E.B. Ranck of Morristown, N.J., will celebrate his 80th birthday next Friday.
Willis Horton, agriculture teacher at Hustontown, has accepted a position in Huntingdon High School. Ralph Cline will be the new teacher at Hustontown.
Attendance at Fairview Methodist Church on Sunday was 61. The offering amounted to $6.15.
Donald Lee Deshong and Shirley Joan Armstrong were married June 7.
Basil Pittman and Norma Mellott were wed June 11.
Deaths: Mrs. George E. Crooks of Riverside, Everett; Elston R. Mattison of Three Bridges, N.J.
70 Years Ago
From The Files Of June 25, 1942
Deaths: Arthur Barton of West Palm
Beach, Fla.; Calvin Johnson of Timber Ridge; Melissa Jane McGowan of McConnellsburg; Mrs. China Elizabeth Stunkard of Wells Tannery; Paul Jackson Lynch of McConnellsburg.
Dr. and Mrs. F.K. Stevens of McConnellsburg celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary on June 14, with all members of their family present for the occasion.
Mr. and Mrs. J.C. Miles of Amaranth have received word from the War Department that their son, George Miles, has been "missing in action somewhere in Australia" since June 9. Young Miles, who enlisted in the Air Corps in August 1940 is Fulton County's first missing-inaction case to be reported in the present conflict.
Pvt. Samuel Paylor is now stationed at Fort Ord, Calif. Richard W. Kendall, second son of Mr. and Mrs. James H. Kendall to enlist, is now located at Norfolk, Va. His brother, Walter, enlisted in the Air Corps last spring; James H. Christian, who was sent for foreign service, has arrived safely at his destination.
The Pen Mar opened on Saturday as the first self-service store in Fulton County. Miss LaGretta Truax manages the store.
William Wishart Orth and Gladys Sponsler were married on June 20.
Miss Lois Brown enrolled at Hagerstown Business College on Monday of this week.
80 Years Ago
From The Files Of June 23, 1932
Deaths: Mrs. Elizabeth Smith of
Northcraft; Mrs. Della Deavor McClain of Robertsdale; Mrs. Anna C. Woodcock of Bellefonte.
Milk is now being retailed at 5 cents a quart by the farmers of Selinsgrove, who refuse to sell to the milk depots for the low prices they offer. Instead, the farmers decided to pass on the savings to the customers.
Herbert Hoover was nominated for re-election to the presidency at the Republican National Convention last week.
Mrs. Queen Benson has been appointed as the postmistress at New Grenada.
Little's Millinery is now offering a special sale of summer hats at 50 cents.
Mrs. Martha R. Mellott, granddaughter of Mr. and Mrs. J.C. Heinbaugh, formerly of the cove, graduated with honors last week from Beckley College in Harrisburg.
Shooting of antlerless deer in all parts of Pennsylvania will be prohibited this year.
Mrs. John Stouteagle of town continues seriously ill.
Frank Sloan is expected home today from University Hospital in Philadelphia where he has been a patient for several weeks, suffering from rheumatism.
Miss Beulah Johnston arrived home on Tuesday after spending two months abroad.
Donald Nace, son of Mr. and Mrs. H.U. Nace, graduated from the law school of National University in Washington last Tuesday.
A charge of 2 cents is now being imposed on all checks drawn by depositors at the local banks.
The real estate of Scott S. Hann will be offered at public sale on July 16.
Turnip sauerkraut is now being made by some of Fulton County's farmers.
Phyllis Gracey has returned to her home in New Grenada from Lewistown Hospital where she had been a patient.
Mrs. Mary Witter of Waterfall suffered a dislocated wrist last week when she fell while putting down stair carpet.
At the A& P: sliced pineapple, 10 cents; cheese, 15 cents; White House milk, 5 cents; cornflakes, 2 for 15 cents; early June peas, 10 cents; Lifebuoy soap, 3 for 17 cents.
Mrs. William Fischer and Maxine Giegener of Buck Valley have enrolled at Shippensburg as summer students.
Myda Schetrompf of Buck Valley underwent an operation for appendicitis at the Church Home Hospital in Baltimore.


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"... Girl... Meleana... Was that your name? Yes, I arrived here from Old Althyras a couple of days ago. You see, I loved the Crown Princess of Althyras, even before, when she was but the Girl of the Meadow, and for that I was sentenced to eternal exile. You see, when royal loins burst with desire, commoners' love have to step aside. It was not so easy for me... Some days ago, I am not sure of how many, the High Priest of the Allfather opened a magical portal on Griffon Square. There I was led in chains before an infuriated mob, and this here mark was branded unto my face""Then I was sent through the portal, to serve my sentence, to wither and to die, and in the end to fully understand the extent of my exile.""There are several things I do not understand. Why do you even parlay with me? It is custom for bearers of the mark of treason to be shunned, spoken to and aided by no elf, even the closest of kin.""... And... What happened to you? Your eyes... I have never seen their like. And that thing around your neck, I heard of them once, from a traveler from Southern Myrkolar. Do they not strangle and devour their prey? Are not you potential prey?"
Somnak then, without preamble, grabbed the bloodied, harried villager, and tossed him through the opening! The villager moaned as he landed several feet down the new passage.
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text: On Thu, 7 Feb 102, Mikhail Kuzminsky wrote: > I want to find some confirmation that my installed > RH 7.2 "understand" that it works with PCI-64. This is kernel issue mostly unrelated to distribution that you are using. There are three aspects of 64 bit PCI operation data width, target address size, and master address size. The aspect people commonly think of is 64 bit master addresses. This means the PCI device can read and write anywhere in the host's 64 bit address space. This doesn't require a 64 bit slot. When a 64 bit address chip has a 32 bit PCI connection it uses "dual address cycle" mode to send the address. Smarter chips optimize this by using standard single address cycles when the upper address bits are all '0'. The aspect that has the biggest performance impact on current machines is data bus width. 64 bit slots means that you might get 2X the performance for burst transfers. No one really cares about target address size. No reasonable PCI device uses up so much address space that 32 bits isn't enough to address everything. Still, some devices do have 64 bit Base Address Registers. > (We are using some dual mobos from Tyan which supports > 64-bit PCI slots). We have Intel Pro1000T NICs installed > in PCI-64 slots, but I didn't find any information > that Linux works in "PCI-64" mode. You wouldn't -- the BIOS and PCI device handles this automatically, perhaps with some tweaks from the device driver. There is usually an override for the few old motherboards that didn't correctly wire up the bus width sensing pins. > May be this information must be presented somewhere > (/proc/pci, /var/log/messages etc ) ? The PCI configuration space bits report 64 bit capabilities -- use 'lspci'. Donald Becker becker at scyld.com Scyld Computing Corporation http://www.scyld.com 410 Severn Ave. Suite 210 Second Generation Beowulf Clusters Annapolis MD 21403 410-990-9993


text:
- Rio Olympics 2016
IOC concerned at Rio 2016 progress
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has warned organisers of the Rio 2016 Olympics that "time is ticking" amid concerns that preparations are behind schedule.
With the land expected to be used for the golf course still embroiled in a legal dispute, the hockey arena location yet to be determined, and changes to the rugby venue, there are some concerns that preparations have fallen behind schedule.
Organisers briefed the IOC executive board on their preparations, and with Sidney Levy set to take as chief executive from Leonardo Gryner in January, the IOC has urged all parties concerned to continue attacking the project with "all vigour".
"Our message remains: There is time, but time is ticking, and they need to carry on attacking this one with all vigour," IOC spokesman Mark Adams said.
However head of the organising committee Carlos Nuzman, says there is no cause for concern.
"We are in a very good, comfortable situation," he said. "It's important we work as a team - the IOC, the organizing committee and the government. I think we are in a very good way."


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Dora Lee Langdon
Mrs. Langdon's love for music and the performing arts was well known in the Granbury and Fort Worth areas. In 1982 Mrs. Langdon purchased and established the Chrysalis Foundation to support music education and the performing arts. The center provided music scholarships to talented and deserving elementary and secondary students in the Cross Timbers area. The center, encompassing a full city block, served as a sanctuary for young and aspiring musicians until November 1995. The Chrysalis Foundation donated the center to Tarleton State University in June 1996, when it was renamed the Dora Lee Langdon Cultural & Educational Center. During Tarleton Homecoming Festivities in 1998, Mrs. Langdon was honored posthumously as Tarleton's Distinguished Friend.


text:
By Sue Ann Rybak
A 5,000-volt transformer short circuited in the basement of Copley Manor Apartments, 121-123 Tulpehocken St., late Tuesday night, causing the residents to be evacuated.
A dozen residents were evacuated to Germantown High School, 40 E. High Street.
However, the majority of residents had somewhere else to go.
PECO restored power to the apartment building just before 4 a.m. on Wednesday and residents were allowed to return home.
This article was updated at 11:16 a.m. on Thursday by Sue Ann Rybak.


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text:
mgualano needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 59 designs submitted by 26 freelance designers.
I would like a logo designed that should be extremely easy to accomplish. It will consist of my web address in a light blue and then a small blue Iris on the left.
The logo will consist of my web address in a light blue and then a blue Iris to the left top corner with a pedal or 2 draped over the first letter in the URL. The logo will be SeeBeforeYouStay.com and the iris pedal should drape over the "S" in the See.
- SeeBeforeYouStay.com
- Is a vacation rental photography company
- I am Founder and President
- SeeBeforeYouStay.com in light blue
- a Blue Iris slightly larger than the URL on the left with a pedal draped over the "S" in See
- The blue Iris should have a yellow in the center
- Item 1...
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


text:
photo 1 of 151
UFC® 138 Event Photo Gallery
November 05, 2011
151 Photos
UFC 138 event at LG Arena on November 5, 2011 in Birmingham, England.
Getty Images reserves the right to pursue unauthorized users of this image or clip. If you violate our intellectual property you may be liable for: actual damages, loss of income, and profits you derive from the use of this image or clip, and, where appropriate, the costs of collection and/or statutory damages up to $150,000 (USD).


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Two to Three nights a year, my family enjoys snack night for dinner. These special occasions include Christmas Eve, New Years Eve and Super Bowl Sunday. It is pure gluttony. We eat with total abandon! We all really look forward to these nights because anything goes. However, there are a few must haves on the menu. These include my guacamole (my 8 year old is an avocado fiend) and something with Velveeta. We all know it isn't a party without Velveeta. I usually make an assortment of cold dips and hot dips. Our proteins are usually Little Smokies and chicken wings. But that's not all my friends. I have a chocolate popcorn recipe reserved just for these events. And you know we have to have nachos. Because I am a mom, I cut up peppers and fruit to balance out the fat. But these go largely untouched. And I don't care. This is one night were we all break the rules. I mean we get to eat with our hands! Plates are strictly optional. Everyone is two -fisting it, with one fist holding dessert! A kids dream, to eat dessert and dinner at the same time!!!!! No one sits because we have to rotate around the table to sample everything. Bowls, hot plates, dip bowls, chip bags and sweets litter the table to the fullest. These are nights I never have to get after any one to eat or to stop talking. In fact there isn't any talking because all our mouths are crammed with deliciousness! Alas, this doesn't last long. We fill up quickly. Party comes to a halt. We find ourselves feeling a bit down. Partly because we are literally weighed down by all the cholesterol laden, high fat food. And partly because this meal held such anticipation. Come on, this is snack night after all. We've cheated the norm! Everyone backs away from the table in horror. No one can look at whats left because then you have to face the reality of what's been consumed. My dog will get a few Smokies. I keep what's salvageable. Somethings I cannot look at again without vomiting, therefore must be disposed of immediately. The word Velveeta must not be ushered for another year! Yes, we move heavily to our next activity, which hopefully involves sitting. Rolaids is now our friend.
This year, I'll be adding Mediterranean Dip to the rotation. It is has a rich taste without the guilt. Unless of course I eat it all by myself, which is certainly not out of the question.
Mediterranean Dip
8 oz package softened cream cheese
6 oz Greek style yogurt
3 cloves garlic minced
1 tsp Greek seasoning
Hummus (10oz)
4 oz crumbled feta cheese
1 cup chopped kalamata olives
1 small cucumber diced
2 roma tomatoes diced
chopped parsly
In a bowl combine the softened cream cheese and the Greek yogurt until combined and spreadable. Add in the garlic and the seasoning. Spread onto a serving plate. Top with Hummus. I used a traditional flavor, but you could use whatever flavor you like. Top hummus with diced cucumber, diced tomatoes, olives and feta. Garnish with parsley. Refrigerate until ready to serve.


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Kid Cudi was all smiles as he danced around the Coachella Stage at the Coachella Valley Music & Arts Festival on Saturday evening.
Wearing a red cropped top and tight cut offs, the Ohio rapper performed crowd favorites such as "Mr. Rager" and "Soundtrack 2 My Life."
"Coachella," he yelled to the audience. "This my first time here."
He ended his set with an extended version of "Pursuit of Happyniess" that got the crowd singing and jumping along. He at one point jumped down to the field and ran behind the barricades singing with fans.