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Data Review
Cancer in the HIV-Infected Population
Summer 2003
A note from TheBody.com: The field of medicine is constantly evolving. As a result, parts of this article may be outdated. Please keep this in mind, and be sure to visit other parts of our site for more recent information!
Cancer is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in people infected with HIV;1 in fact 30% to 40% will develop a malignancy during their lifetime.2 The majority of cancers affecting HIV-positive people are those established as AIDS-defining: Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and invasive cervical cancer.3,4 However, other types of cancer also appear to be more common among those infected with HIV. While not classified as AIDS-defining, these malignancies are affecting the HIV/AIDS community greatly and have been referred to as "AIDS-associated malignancies"1,5 or "opportunistic" cancers.2 Analyses have revealed a 2- to 3-fold increase in overall risk of developing these cancers.3,5,6 The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in decreased mortality and morbidity,7 and the majority of people in developed countries infected with HIV are living with only mild to moderate immunosuppression because of wide access to antiretroviral therapy.8 However, has the widespread use of these medications altered the incidence of cancer or perhaps even increased the prevalence of some types of cancer in this population? This article will present an overview of AIDS-defining malignancies and other malignancies that are prevalent in the HIV-positive population. In addition, the effect of HAART on the incidence of these malignancies will be discussed.
AIDS-Defining Cancers
Kaposi's Sarcoma
In the HIV-negative population, Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a rare, typically indolent cancer that affects older people or those receiving immunosuppressants following an organ transplant.2 People infected with HIV are 100 to 300 times more likely to have KS.3,5,6,9 In the presence of HIV, KS is associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8, also referred to KSHV for KS-associated herpesvirus). While there is a strong correlation between seropositivity for HHV-8 and the populations likely to develop KS, there is no definitive proof that HHV-8 causes KS. The exact cause of AIDS-related KS is presently unknown and causes appear to be multiple.2,10 The risk and severity of KS increase in the presence of low CD4 T cell counts6 and people with intact immune systems tend not to develop KS when infected with HHV-8.10
Studies have unequivocally demonstrated significant declines in the incidence of KS following the introduction of HAART.1,2,4,11 Prior to the widespread use of HAART, KS was the most common malignancy in HIV-positive patients. In the early 1980's, KS was the AIDS-defining illness in approximately 30% of infected individuals; a value which later dropped to 10% to 15% in the late 1990s.10 Furthermore, the incidence rates for KS are 5 times lower in HIV-positive patients who have received HAART compared to those patients who have not.12 In San Francisco, deaths from KS significantly decreased from 15.6% of total AIDS deaths in 1994 to 7.1% in 1998.13 A recent study demonstrated that HAART regimens containing protease inhibitors (PIs) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) are equally protective against developing KS. Presently, most patients who develop KS while taking HAART show evidence of virologic treatment failure.11 Importantly, HAART may also have a positive effect on treating established KS, especially in patients without visceral disease.10
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
The risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL, also referred to as AIDS-related lymphoma) is substantially increased in the HIV-infected population, with risks ranging from approximately 40 to 400 times that of the general population, depending on the specific study and the type of NHL, though most studies report rates of 100 to 200 fold.2,3,5,6,9,14,15 NHL encompasses several types of lymphoma, including systemic NHL, primary central nervous system NHL (PCNSL, also referred to as primary brain lymphoma or cerebral lymphoma), and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) or body cavity-based lymphoma, a rare and aggressive form of NHL.10,14,16 Between 1982 and 1990, NHL incidence rates increased approximately 800% among men between the ages of 20 and 59 years old in San Francisco county.17 Data also indicate that high-grade lymphoma is more prevalent in the HIV-positive community compared to low-grade lymphoma.14 Many agree that the risk of developing NHL, particularly PCNSL,6,18 increases with lower CD4 T cell counts6,10 and further progression of HIV infection.1 Moreover, NHL is more prevalent in HIV-positive women compared to high-risk HIV-negative women,19 indicating that immunosuppression, rather than other risk factors, is associated with the increased incidence of NHL in the HIV-positive community.
No definitive conclusions can be drawn regarding the effect of HAART on the incidence of NHL; though it continues to be one of the most common malignancies afflicting those with HIV infection.1,10,17 Some studies have demonstrated significant decreases in incidence of NHL following the introduction of HAART, whereby incidence rates decreased by almost half,4 and patients receiving HAART experienced a 5-fold decrease in incidence compared to treatment-naïve patients.12 However, other studies fail to show any substantial change, and even suggest modest increases in incidence.13,14 Significant decreases have been detected for immunoblastic lymphoma in some studies,4 but not others.1 Incidence of Burkitt's lymphoma has not decreased1 and one analysis even demonstrated an increase in incidence after the introduction of HAART, but this increase was not statistically significant.4 The effect of HAART on the incidence of PEL is unknown because the disease is so rare.16 Nevertheless, studies routinely show that incidence of PCNSL has decreased considerably following the introduction of HAART.1,4,12,14 Administration of HAART has also been associated with longer survival in patients suffering from PCNSL.18 Interestingly, patients with systemic NHL who received and responded to HAART were significantly more likely to achieve a complete response, suggesting that a patient's response to HAART may provide insight into their cancer prognosis.15 Regardless, unlike for KS, there has not been a dramatic decrease in the number of cases of AIDS-related lymphoma following the introduction of HAART.
Invasive Cervical Cancer
Though invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is considered an AIDS-defining condition, the association between HIV and cervical cancer is somewhat inconsistent.16,20,21 Some analyses report no increase in incidence that is coincident with the AIDS epidemic16,20 and no correlation between immunosuppression and increased risk of developing the cancer.6,16 Indeed, HIV-positive women with ICC tend to have higher CD4 T cell counts compared to HIV-positive patients with other malignancies.20 Still, other studies report that HIV-positive women are approximately 5 to 9 times more likely to have ICC compared to seronegative women,3,6,19 and this cancer accounts for 55% of AIDS-related malignancies in some settings.22 Moreover, the clinical course becomes even more aggressive when CD4 T cell count is low.23
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is involved in almost all cases of cervical cancer, regardless of HIV status, and is strongly associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL), which are precursors to ICC.20,24 Women infected with HIV are more likely to be co-infected with HPV,25 possibly because of similar risk profiles and mode of transmission,20 as well as interactions that could putatively result in immune dysfunction and abnormal cytokine expression and growth factor production.16 Decreased CD4 T cell counts are associated with increased risk of acquiring HPV.26,27 Further, HPV infection may predispose a person to HIV infection and facilitate progression of HIV.20 Interestingly, level of viremia has not been associated with persistence of HPV.27 While the relationship between HIV and ICC is not definitive, this is not the case for CIN and SIL. In fact, immunosuppression may more associated with cervical dysplasia.24,27 In contrast to seronegative individuals whose low-grade lesions typically resolve without treatment,28 lesions are more likely to progress and recur after treatment in HIV-positive women.20,21
Most studies have assessed the impact of HAART on incidence and progression of precancerous cervical lesions. However, one large study reported no significant changes in incidence of ICC when rates were compared during the pre-HAART and post-HAART eras.4 Data conflict regarding incidence of SIL and CIN, and HAART has not consistently been associated with improvement. Some studies have shown increased cytologic regression and decreased cytologic progression of these lesions,29,30 while others have reported increased progression27 or inconclusive results.24 Moreover, HAART was not associated with decreased prevalence or persistence of HPV infection, but a significant reduction in the incidence of new cases of HPV-16 and HPV-18 (oncogenic types of HPV) was detected in HAART-treated women, suggesting that HAART may have an effect on acute HPV infection, but not on advanced infection.27 Of note, women taking HAART who experienced disease regression had higher CD4 T cell counts, suggesting some level of immune restoration.30
Non-AIDS-Defining Malignancies
Hodgkin's Disease
Currently, Hodgkin's disease (HD) is not considered an AIDS-defining cancer. However, those infected with HIV are 7.6 to 11.5 times more likely to have HD compared to the general population.3,5,6,8,9,14 Some report that HD is the most common non-AIDS-defining malignancy among HIV-positive people;2 however, other studies cite lung cancer as the most common.6,13,19 Some researchers feel strongly that HD should be considered an AIDS-defining condition,3 though this issue is controversial. While analyses have routinely demonstrated increased risk of HD in those infected with HIV,3,5,6,8,9,14 an actual causal link between HIV and HD has not been established and studies assessing the effect of immunosuppression on incidence of HD are conflicting. A positive correlation between immunosuppression and increased incidence of HD has been demonstrated in some analyses,3,8,9 but not others.6 Additional evidence indicates that HD tends to occur early in HIV infection when CD4 T cell counts are higher and immune competence is still intact,2 indicating that HD is not a critical event in the development of AIDS.
Few studies have looked at the effect of HAART on incidence of HD. However, those that have assessed this relationship reported no difference in rates either when comparing patients who had received HAART with treatment-naïve patients31 or when comparing HD rates during the pre-HAART and post-HAART eras.4
Anal Cancer
Similar to cervical cancer, anal cancer is strongly associated with HPV infection and the presence of precancerous anal lesions, which are referred to as squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) and anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN).21,26 High-grade forms of these lesions tend to contain the oncogenic types of HPV, specifically HPV-16 and HPV-18.23 Most studies demonstrate that those infected with HIV are 30 to 50 times more likely to have anal cancer,3,5,6,8 with rates as high as 60 fold in HIV-positive men who are bisexual or homosexual.32 Progression to high-grade dysplasia is increased in the presence of HIV infection,16 and anal HPV infection and high-grade SIL (HSIL) are extremely common in bisexual and homosexual men, regardless of HIV serostatus.26,33 Until recently, anal sex was assumed to be the mode of acquisition for anal HPV infection. However, when rates of HPV infection and SILs were compared in HIV-positive men with or without a history of bisexual or homosexual behavior, rates were high even in those men with no history of anal sex who contracted HIV through IV drug use.32 These data suggest that anal HPV infection can be acquired through means other than anal intercourse in HIV-positive men. Moreover, 76% of HIV-positive women and 42% of high-risk HIV-negative women tested positive for anal HPV DNA.25
Presently, it is unclear whether prevalent risk factors, such as anal intercourse, a history of sexually transmitted diseases, or even heavy tobacco use are responsible for the increased incidence of anal cancer in the HIV-positive population. An alternative hypothesis is that HIV-induced immunosuppression results in the development of anal neoplasia and, consequently, anal cancer. Incidence of anal SIL is highest among the most immunosuppressed HIV-positive men.26 Moreover, regression of lesions is associated with high CD4 T cell counts at the time of HAART initiation, and HIV-positive men who progress have the lowest CD4 T cell counts.26 However, other analyses have failed to show a clear relationship between CD4 T cell counts and incidence of anal cancer.6 In addition, one study revealed that incidence was significantly increased even during early HIV infection, suggesting that severe immunosuppression is not necessary for the development of anal cancer.8
The possible benefits of HAART on the incidence of anal cancer and precancerous lesions have not been conclusively demonstrated. The few studies that have examined this relationship suggest that HAART has not decreased the incidence or increased the regression of these lesions.21,26 When rates during the pre-HAART and post-HAART eras were compared, no significant change in incidence of anal cancer was observed; however, researchers pointed out that there were too few cases from which to draw definitive conclusions.4
Lung Cancer
People infected with HIV are 2.5 to 7.5 times more likely to develop lung cancer compared to HIV-negative people.3,5,6,9 In fact, lung cancer was the most frequently observed non-AIDS-defining malignancy in several studies.6,13,19 Lung cancer was the most common cause of death from a non-AIDS-defining malignancy in persons with AIDS in San Francisco between 1994 and 1998.13 However, another study failed to demonstrate a significant increase in lung cancer incidence in the HIV-positive population.8 Several studies have reported a positive correlation between rates of lung cancer and immune suppression.3,9 Analyses of risk behavior have reported conflicting data: one study showed that HIV-positive patients with lung cancer smoked twice as many cigarettes as HIV-negative patients with lung cancer,34 while another study that compared HIV-positive women to HIV-negative women with similar smoking histories showed a 2-fold increased incidence in the HIV-positive women.19 Long-term cigarette exposure is typically lower in HIV-positive patients because they are usually diagnosed with lung cancer at an earlier age.35 Before the introduction of HAART, rates of lung cancer were low, perhaps on account of early AIDS-related mortality. A recent analysis showed an almost 9-fold increase in lung cancer incidence following the introduction of HAART.35
Testicular Germ Cell Tumors
Testicular cancer (also referred to as testicular germ cell tumors or GCTs) is the most common solid malignancy in men between the ages of 15 and 34 years in the general population.36 Studies assessing cancer incidence demonstrate that HIV-positive men are 1.4 to 8.2 times more likely to develop testicular cancer,3,5,6,9,23,27 though another study failed to show significantly increased incidence.8 While no viral oncogene has been implicated in HIV-associated testicular cancer, viruses such as mumps orchitis, HPV, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human endogenous retrovirus K10 are associated with testicular cancer in HIV-negative men and may be involved in development of testicular cancer in the HIV-positive population.36,37 One large study reported a modest association between incidence of seminoma GCT and immunosuppression.3 However, another analysis showed that HIV-positive patients with seminoma appeared to have preserved immune systems.37 The effect of HAART on incidence rates has not been analyzed thoroughly, but one report showed no difference in incidence rates when comparing the pre-HAART and post-HAART eras.37
The cancer prognosis for people infected with HIV tends to be worse compared to seronegative cancer patients, regardless of the type of malignancy. Perhaps because of a suppressed immune system and impaired immune surveillance, malignancies take a more aggressive clinical course in those infected with HIV.10,19,23,34 HIV-positive patients typically present with more advanced cancer at the time of diagnosis,34 and the average age at diagnosis is usually younger in HIV-positive patients compared to seronegative patients;38 this is particularly true with lung and testicular cancers.34,37
Potential causes of cancer in HIV/AIDS. Although it remains unclear whether HIV functions directly as an oncogenic agent, it putatively contributes to the development of malignancies through several mechanisms. Impaired immune surveillance, dysregulation of cytokine pathways and growth factor production, inability to combat genomic instability, chronic B cell stimulation, and imbalance between cellular proliferation and differentiation may all contribute to the prevalence of HIV/AIDS-associated malignancies.2,6,10,13,14 AIDS-defining malignancies are associated with oncogenic viruses (EBV, HHV-8, and HPV). Uncontrolled viral infection may also play a causative role in many HIV/AIDS-associated cancers. Some researchers hypothesize that repeated exposure to viruses or other infectious organisms may be responsible for cancer development. Indeed, many of the malignancies prevalent in the HIV-positive community affect sites that are in contact with the outside environment (e.g., cervix, lung, oral cavity, skin, and anus). The increased density of immune cells and coincident elevated concentration of HIV at these sites could lead to local compromised immune defenses and the subsequent development of malignancies at these sites.38 Alternatively, risk factors present in the HIV-positive community, including multiple sexual partners, illicit drug use, and increased alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking, could account for the increased rates of these cancers. For example, compared to HIV-negative patients with cancer, more HIV-positive patients with cancer have a history of cigarette smoking and illicit drug use.34,38 However, in one study assessing incidence of cancer in HIV-positive women and HIV-negative women with acknowledged HIV risk behavior, cancer was still significantly more prevalent in the HIV-positive women.19
The impact of HAART. Preliminary data suggest that with the exception of KS, HAART has not had a significant impact on cancer incidence in the HIV-positive population, though it may be premature to draw any definitive conclusions at this time. Widespread availability of HAART has only occurred within the last decade and many of the malignancies discussed require several years to develop. Because of HAART's effect on the incidence of KS,1,2,4,11 one would expect malignancies that are associated with immunosuppression to undergo a robust decline in incidence following the widespread availability of HAART. Potentially, if immunosuppression is a key factor in the development of these tumors, immune restoration associated with HAART would slow tumor progression. Unfortunately, this has not been the case. For example, evidence suggests that NHL occurs more frequently in immunocompromised patients,1,6,10 but HAART has not had a dramatic impact on NHL incidence, particularly systemic NHL.1,4,12-14
Some researchers have speculated that the extended survival afforded by HAART, in conjunction with incomplete immune restoration, may actually increase the incidence of some cancers.26 Prolonged exposure to viral oncogenes, moderate immune suppression, and genomic instability could result in impaired immune surveillance and the subsequent development of tumors.26,35,37 Given that scenario, the incidence of tumors associated with chronic moderate immune suppression would be expected to increase. In fact, the incidence of lung cancer appears to be increasing.35 Another explanation could be that prior to the introduction of HAART, patients typically died of opportunistic infections or other HIV-related complications prior to developing a malignancy, some of which take years to develop. Presently, it is unclear whether HAART will ever provide full immune recovery in HIV-positive patients, a situation that may be necessary in order to decrease cancer incidence as a whole in this population. Many researchers speculate that cancer rates, specifically of lymphoma, will rise in areas with widespread availability to HAART,17 though others disagree.4 In summary, many of the large retrospective studies included in this overview used data from the late 1990s and early 2000s, and it will be interesting to see what future studies conclude.
Regardless of whether these cancers are directly related to HIV-induced immunosuppression, treating cancer in HIV-positive patients remains a challenge because of drug interactions, compounded side effects, and the potential effect of chemotherapy on CD4 T cell count and viral load.36,37,39 Moreover, treatment compliance tends to be poor among HIV-positive patients with cancer,36 perhaps because of the increased responsibility of taking drugs for both diseases. The question of whether to suspend HAART during chemotherapy depends on several factors, particularly the type and stage of malignancy and the status of HIV infection40.
Other malignancies in the HIV-positive community. In addition to the cancers discussed in this article, the risk of developing a multitude of other cancers appears to be slightly increased in the HIV-positive community (see Table below). In contrast, the incidence rates of certain types of cancer, such as prostate,6,9 breast,3,6,9 and bladder cancer,9 appear to be decreased in the HIV-infected community, though a small case study reported a modestly increased incidence of prostate cancer in HIV-positive men.41 Surprisingly, the rates of breast cancer in men may have increased to some extent, especially in IV drug users.3 Reasons for the general decline in incidence of these specific cancers are not clear, but some speculate that immune suppression may reduce risk of these cancers.3 Others hypothesize that this decrease is caused by increased AIDS-related mortality.39 In particular, prostate cancer tends to affect older men.
Limitations of these analyses. The topic of AIDS-defining and HIV/AIDS-associated malignancies has been extensively investigated, and these studies have provided critical data. However, there are several limitations to these analyses. Many of the large retrospective studies rely on two distinct databases, cancer registries and AIDS registries, and the potential for incomplete data collection exists.14,17 In addition, only the initial AIDS-defining illness is routinely included in HIV/AIDS registries, so subsequent malignancies may not be reported. Cancers that were previously not thought to be associated with HIV/AIDS may not have been recorded at the time of death (eg, HD or lung cancer). Moreover, since much information is collected via AIDS registries and death certificates, this data source will continue to dwindle as the use of HAART decreases disease progression to AIDS and deaths from AIDS.17 Further, when studying rates of cancer in the HIV-positive population, many studies examine surrogate groups, such as unmarried men in San Francisco, assuming these men are homosexual. As a result, compiled relative risks could be underestimated since many of these men may not be HIV-positive.14
When studying the effects of HAART, many studies divide the data into cases from the pre-HAART and post-HAART eras, a method that may be flawed because some patients in the post-HAART era may not be taking HAART and others may not have responded to treatment. In fact, only 71% of patients diagnosed with AIDS-defining NHL in the post-HAART era actually received HAART.15 Studies that assess cancer incidence in patients with or without a history of HAART administration may provide more accurate data, though a potential drawback would be the difficulty in extracting such information from large cohorts of HIV-positive people, which are necessary to draw any definitive conclusions.
As discussed in this overview, cancers not officially considered AIDS-defining are occurring with greater frequency in people with HIV and evidence suggests that the clinical course of these cancers is more aggressive. Patients and doctors must be aware of this threat, the shift in the age group affected, and the very rapid progression that can occur. Finally, it is imperative that oncologists and HIV-treating physicians work together to effectively manage cancer, HIV infection, and any opportunistic infections.
Immune Evasion and Modulation: Key Strategies for Viral Persistence
Common sense tells us that viruses should be cleared from our bodies just like any other invading pathogen. However, many are not cleared entirely and are able to persist by establishing latent infection. In many cases, virus-host interactions have evolved over the millennia such that viruses reproduce, remain viable, and are transmitted, while host immune systems can contain infections and prevent severe illness or death. Examples of such viruses include herpesviruses and papillomaviruses. Herpesviruses that can establish latent and long-term infection in host humans include cytomegalovirus (CMV) or human herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5), Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) or human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The latter two viruses, along with certain forms of the human papillomavirus (HPV), are associated with the development of AIDS-defining cancers. These viruses avoid immune clearance using strategies such as modulating the expression and activity of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins (which are involved in antigen presentation), preventing apoptosis of virally infected cells, suppressing the antiviral activity of host interferon, and interfering with cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs).
Many of the above activities are mediated by special viral proteins produced in infected cells. In some cases, viral proteins play other roles such as enabling viral genes to attach to cellular chromosomes during mitosis or inducing angiogenesis to ensure an enhanced blood supply to developing tumors. The possibility even exists that the immunomodulatory mechanisms used by one type of virus may actually enhance or benefit the activity or replication of other viruses. Many of these viruses (for example, HPV, CMV, and EBV) are quite common in the human population but do not always lead to the development of malignancies. Certainly, infection with HIV changes the playing field and an environment of immunosuppression may eventually tip the scale in favor of these other viruses, leading to an increased risk of cancer.
Of course, in theory, HIV is relatively new to the human immune system and a virus-host balance (such as that seen with, for example, a normal herpes infection in an otherwise healthy individual) has yet to evolve. This scenario would be difficult to envision for HIV (given the primary target of viral infection, the CD4 T cell) were it not for the insights afforded by studying long-term nonprogressors and others who have staved off disease progression in the absence of anti-HIV therapy. Nonetheless, research has shown that there is more to HIV than its ability to wipe out T cells and that HIV is associated with the development of a variety of malignancies, as discussed in this current issue. HIV has shown itself to be an elusive target, and it accomplishes this feat by using a variety of immune evasion and manipulation strategies, including several similar to those employed by other viruses as described above.
The more we come to understand viral mechanisms of immune evasion and manipulation, the better we will be able to treat the maladies and malignancies associated with chronic viral infections.
Further Reading
A note from TheBody.com: The field of medicine is constantly evolving. As a result, parts of this article may be outdated. Please keep this in mind, and be sure to visit other parts of our site for more recent information!
This article was provided by The Center for AIDS Information & Advocacy. It is a part of the publication Research Initiative/Treatment Action!. Visit CFA's website to find out more about their activities and publications.


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I snapped this photo over a week ago and it has been playing on my mind ever since. This guy is so connected and demanded upon that he has seen fit to drop his bike between parked cars and squat awkwardly in the filthy city gutter as he bows to another of life's demands. What is he doing? Could he be running a quick colour coordination diagnostic on his computer to make sure his white deep V's are still an acceptable match with his black frame? Could he be bidding for a frame in an online auction for his next build so we all get to see another piece of junk road frame turned into a fixie? Or perhaps buying some colourful tyres online? Maybe he's reading my blog! Any other suggestions readers? Whatever it may be I'm sure glad that my life isn't as demanding as his.
Everybody just seems to fit more into life these days with "growth" and "increased productivity" being the buzzwords of our time. Well how much can we grow before we split our metaphoric pants? How much productivity can be squeezed out of a human being before they become an empty husk? Sometimes it feels like wherever I look somebody is demanding my attention, it may be work related or even social, quite often it's "some company" vying for a slice of my interest trying to push their product in front of me. Stop reading right now and look around you. How much branding and advertising can you see? I'm tipping that unless you live in a cave then the answer is plenty. Most of the time this sort of thing just washes over me, I treat it like current affairs programs on any commercial TV network and I pay no attention to it but every now and then it has the power to drag me down slightly. I know, I'm part of it, I advertise on my blog. When this happens there is only one thing to do. Put on my team kit covered with sponsors logos and go for a ride. I suppose this makes me part of the problem (again) but I console myself with the knowledge that I seriously doubt if any of my clubs sponsors have seen a return on their investment.
One of the nicest things about cycling is discovering new roads to train on. Sometimes this can really give your motivation a boost when the same old training routes are getting a little tiresome. Its great linking up a few newly discovered roads into a loop and showing a few select friends your secret ride. I normally begin with the words "I'm going to show you a loop that's gonna blow your mind". Just be sure they can keep it to themselves or you will end up seeing energy gel sachets strewn all over your previously undiscovered ride, as has happened to me recently.
Stop being too precious about your bike and start enjoying it more. Don't be afraid of venturing down dirt roads, some of my favourite rides include some sections of dirt. Just make sure you bring enough spares (I carry 2 tubes and a patch kit) and I would also advise you bring some extra food just in case you get lost. Recently I decided to venture down a dirt road which I had not ridden for at least five years, when I got there I discovered that joy of joys it had recently been sealed. I was so excited I took some pictures to share with you.
This recent discovery now provides me with another loop within a loop to keep me eager and my training partners mesmerized. Part of the reason I find exploring new roads so refreshing is because it takes me back to one of the reasons I started riding in the first place, adventure. Sometimes its good to forget about training for competition or bragging rights or personal fitness and get back to just enjoying the pleasure of riding.
The road in these pictures looks like it could be in the middle of nowhere when in fact its only in the outer suburbs of Melbourne. Stop venturing down that same "road" every weekend (Melbourne cyclists will know which "road" I'm alluding too). I challenge you to open a map, do some research and put together a new training ride before this weekend.
You might see me out there.

subset: commoncrawl


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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a long-lasting (chronic) disease of the central nervous system. It is thought to be an autoimmune disorder, a condition in which the body attacks itself by mistake. MS is an unpredictable disease that affects people differently. Some people with MS may have only mild symptoms. Others may lose their ability to see clearly, write, speak, or walk when communication between the brain and other parts of the body becomes disrupted.
Myelin is the fatty tissue that surrounds and protects nerve fibers. In MS, the myelin is destroyed in many areas. This loss of myelin forms scar tissue called sclerosis. These areas are also called plaques or lesions. When the nerves are damaged in this way, they can't conduct electrical impulses to and from the brain.
There are many possible causes of MS, including:
The symptoms of MS are often unpredictable. They may be mild or severe, short-term or long-lasting. They may appear in different combinations, depending on the area of the nervous system affected. The following are the most common symptoms of MS. But each person may have different symptoms.
About 50% of all people with MS have thinking (cognitive) problems linked to the disease. The effects of these problems may be mild. Your healthcare provider may only find them after much testing. The problems may be with:
Symptoms of MS are grouped as primary, secondary, or tertiary as described below:
Primary symptoms. These symptoms are a direct result of the destruction of myelin:
Secondary symptoms. These are complications that may occur as a result of the primary symptoms, for example:
Tertiary symptoms. These are social, job-related, and psychological problems:
The symptoms of MS may look like other health conditions or problems. Always talk with your healthcare provider for a diagnosis.
No specific test is available to diagnose multiple sclerosis. But a healthcare provider can make a diagnosis by following a careful process to rule out other causes and diseases. Two things must be true to make a diagnosis of MS:
Generally a single attack along with certain patterns of changes in brain tissue seen on an MRI scan of the brain performed with contrast can mean that you have MS.
An MS evaluation involves a complete health history and neurological exam. This includes:
The following may be used when evaluating a person for multiple sclerosis:
Evaluation and diagnosis of MS requires a variety of tools to rule out other possible disorders. It also requires a series of lab tests that, if positive, confirms the diagnosis.
Your healthcare provider will figure out the best treatment plan for you based on:
There is no cure yet for MS. But you can do things to help change the course of the disease, treat flare-ups, manage symptoms, and improve your function and mobility.
Treatments for the conditions seen with MS may include:
Rehabilitation varies depending on your symptoms and how severe they are. MS rehabilitation may help you to:
The complications of MS range from mild to severe. They can range from fatigue to the inability to walk. Other problems include loss of vision, balance, and bowel or bladder control. Depression can result from the difficulty of living with a chronic condition.
It's important to take your medicines as directed. You may get help by taking part in a clinical trial. Using equipment like canes or walkers can help you get around as walking becomes more difficult. Rehabilitation activities can also help you keep or get back functioning. Changing the way your home is set up can help you stay independent. Talk with your family and healthcare providers about what you need.
Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your healthcare provider:


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Naked woman was high on drugs when she broke into church, say police
Cellina Kelly, 31, was charged with second-degree burglary, criminal mischief and possession of burglars tools
Cellina Kelly, 31, was charged with second-degree burglary, criminal mischief and possession of burglars tools
A naked woman was high on marijuana laced with a type of chemical when she broken into a Connecticut church this week, police said.
Cellina Kelly, 31, of Stamford, was charged with second-degree burglary, criminal mischief and possession of burglars tools.
Rev. Carlos Rodrigues, of Saint Clement of Rome church, said he heard a loud crashing sound in the church chapel and basement of the rectory about 5 p.m. Wednesday.
He said he saw Kelly naked and swinging a fire extinguisher, damaging walls, pictures and other fixtures.
Two women alerted Officer Robert Bulman who was on patrol nearby and he saw Kelly kicking the door in the basement of the rectory, Patrol Lt. Diedrich Hohn said.
Bulman placed Kelly under arrest without incident.
Kelly "admitted to smoking marijuana laced with a chemical shortly before going on her rampage," Hohn said.
Police said Kelly might be homeless. A woman, who has allowed Kelly to stay at her home near the church, told police she appeared unexpectedly Wednesday at her house, according to the report.
The woman told police Kelly came with about 20 bags full of her possessions that she left on the porch, the report said.
Kelly was taken to Stamford Hospital for treatment and is being held in lieu of a $20,000 court appearance bond. Kelly is out on bond from three pending criminal cases involving drugs, burglary, larceny and criminal mischief.
Hohn said Bulman's timely patrol of the church kept Kelly from causing more damage.
Damage caused by the incident included a shattered ceramic angel on the chapel's tabernacle, a broken door leading to the rectory, broken picture frames inside the rectory basement and damaged drywall from the fire extinguisher, police said.
Rodrigues, who has been at the church for a year, said the woman broke through a closed window to get into the chapel, which isn't locked during the day.
"The chapel has always been open for people who want to come in and pray during the day," he said.
The woman may have thought the door was locked and why she broke in, he said.
"This is the last thing I ever expected on my one-year anniversary of coming to this church," Rodrigues said. "This is crazy."


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This original wooden wine hanger is handmade from high quality pine and finished with the traditional Japanese technique – Shou Sugi Ban 焼杉板 (or Yakisugi). This process preserves wood by charring it with fire, cooling it, cleaning it. It underlines the natural tree rings.
for 3 wines (wine not included)
made from special selected pine wood
finished with Japanese technique – Shou Sugi Ban
size: approx. 168 mm / 445 mm / 20 mm
Handmade items are unique, because they are not machine made. Handmade products are more than just a product. There is love, creativity and uniqueness. There may be natural blemishes/variations that are not product flaws. Such variations are inherent in the manufacturing of handmade products, so you may find minor distinctions that make your buys special and truly one-of-a-kind.


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KETCHUM, ID (March 20, 2012) – MTNAPPROACH is proud to announce their first team of Professional Snowboarders. This group of 10 riders represents the wide diversity of uses that the MTNAPPROACH System is designed for, accessing backcountry jumps, long distance touring, 55 degree couloirs, or just some side country at your local resort. "We're stoked to have these riders on our team to help us evolve this system into the most useful tool available for backcountry snowboarding." said Cory Smith, Founder of MTNAPPROACH. Partner and Ops. Director Kaiser said, "It's rad to put some young guns known for jibbing in the same yurt as an Olympic halfpipe medalist, some staple backcountry shreds, PLUS, some all-time snowboard legends. They are all stoked on the backcountry experience and loving the product." Brian Iguchi summed it up best, "I'm stoked to go bag some couloirs that I've been looking at for years. I wouldn't take a split up there, but this is perfect, now I can ride 'em on my snowboard."
MTNAPPROACH Snowboard Team:
Wyatt Caldwell
Mark Carter
Laura Hadar
Bryan Iguchi
Scotty Lago
Desiree Melancon
Chad Otterstrom
Neil Provo
Austin Smith
Austen Sweetin
About MTNAPPROACH
Launched at the 2011 SIA show with its award-winning foldable approach ski, MTN Approach is a Backcountry Snowboard brand by and for snowboarders. Based in Ketchum, Idaho, MTN Approach is dedicated to designing and manufacturing tools for backcountry snowboarding that are innovative, lightweight and reliable. Find more info at http://www.mtnapproach.com/


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Vienna / Nairobi, 19 November 2012 - Efforts by developing countries in the 'global south' to tackle degraded habitats, promote the sustainable use of natural resources, and support renewable energy are the focus of a week-long event in Vienna, which starts today.
The past decade has seen the growing prominence of South-South cooperation in which developing countries exchange and share resources, technology, and knowledge, to support sustainable development.
The Vienna Expo is being held under the overarching themes of renewable energy and climate change. UNEP will lead a 'Solutions Exchange Forum' at the event, to showcase innovative, sustainable and replicable solutions being implemented by communities across the globe.
Speakers from Brazil, China, Costa Rica, Colombia and South Africa will share their innovative solutions at the Forum.
Similar case studies are also available on UNEP's South-South Cooperation Exchange Mechanism - an online database that aims to strengthen partnerships between sustainable development projects in developing countries.
Governments, NGOs, research centres, civil society, academics, and others working on environmental issues in developing countries can submit content to the database and share their expertise and experiences with peers.
The first online portal of its kind, the South-South Cooperation Exchange Mechanism also includes multimedia updates, a discussion forum, and other interactive features.
Examples include ongoing efforts to support the environment of the Coral Triangle - a geographical term that refers to the tropical marine waters around Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, the Solomon Islands and Timor-Leste.
Also known as the "Amazon of the seas", the reefs, which cover 5.7 million square kilometers of ocean waters, are home to more than 2,000 marine species and sustain the lives of 120 million people.
But unsustainable fishing practices, and rising ocean temperatures leading to coral bleaching, are among the major threats to this vital ecosystem.
To meet these challenges, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) launched the Coral Triangle programme in 2007. The initiative uses regional platforms to bring countries together in an example of South-South Cooperation in order to strengthen protective action in the area. Today, the international network of countries forming a part of the Coral Triangle can be used to persuade governments, businesses and local populations to transform their behaviour in order to make coastal livelihoods more sustainable, while supporting biodiversity.
Notes to Editors:
GSSD Expo website: http://www.southsouthexpo.org/SEF3.asp
UNEP and South-South Cooperation: http://www.unep.org/south-south-cooperation/
UNEP's South-South Cooperation Exchange Mechanism: http://www.unep.org/south-south-cooperation/case/casefiles.aspx?csno=76


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The art of diary keeping is one that has started to die out. There are far fewer people who maintain a regular diary than used to be the case. The great thing about keeping a diary is that it helps you to preserve memories and look back on places you have been, people you have met and things you have done. The likes of Facebook enable you to chronicle some of your life, but Everyday.me is an iOS app that has been designed just for you.
The app enables you to keep a journal, but it can also be used as a simple note-taking utility. When you are out and about, if you need to make a note of something you would like to remember, you can do so within Everyday.me. the ability to include photos and videos is helpful when the app is used as either a journal or a note tool, and if things ended here this would be little more than a competent app.
But things go much further. There is integration with Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, If you choose to link up you accounts you can have Everyday.me automatically pull in your updates from these three social networks, helping to write you diary for you. Any entry you create or that is created for you can be tagged for easy search and you can also add emoticons to track your mood over time.
Just like Facebook, Everyday.me features a timeline view that enables you to take a step back in time. Your data is automatically synchronized with your free online account and you can then view your timeline online at the Everyday.me web site. As well as being wonderfully useful, this is an app that has looks to be proud of too – if you're looking for a way to record your memories, this is well worth a look.
A striking and intuitive journal app that stands apart from the crowd.


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Many of our titles are available as eBooks for direct purchase on our website. Our eBook titles are available in PDF format, and some are also available in ePub format. Kindle editions of a number of our titles are also available from Amazon.
Please note that you will need Adobe Digital Editions installed on your computer in order to download and read eBooks purchased on our website. When you purchase an eBook from us you will be provided with a link to download a fulfillment token with the file extension .acsm, which you can then open in Adobe Digital Editions to download your eBook. Adobe Digital Editions is available free on the Adobe website.


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Transform your photos into one-of-a-kind, hand painted masterpieces!
Rope Color
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The image is near the edges of the product but doesn't cover the entire product. Some of the background color may appear around the outside edges of the image.
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Ann Blaine
April 5th, 2019
Spring at the Mission San Juan Capistrano, one of the 21 historic California Missions. Featured 4/20/2018 Southwest Photography Gallery
San Diego, California-based Fine Art Photographer, Denise Strahm, is best known for transforming her photographs into visually and emotionally captivating art pieces that invite the viewer to enter, connect with the place and stay for a while. "IS IT A PAINTING OR A PHOTOGRAPH?" This question is asked daily at her studio/gallery when visitors see her images. Drawing from her 30 years in graphic design, Denise is able to create simple graphic contemporary artworks that trick your mind's eye into seeing a painting instead of a photograph. She captures her subject with her camera and then brings the images into her digital darkroom to finish the creative process using her unique vision for the art piece as a guide and to simplify its...
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If you're not happy with a purchase that you made on Pixels.com, for any reason, you can return it to us within 30 days of the order date. As soon as it arrives, we'll issue a full refund for the entire purchase price. Please note - Pixels does not reimburse the outgoing or return shipping charges unless the return is due to a defect in quality.
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'Chasing Ice' pursues chilling evidence of climate change
Issues such as gun control and climate change are never politically abstract when they happen to you. It's hard to cling to beliefs pro or con anything when watching them play out in real life right before your eyes challenges what you thought you knew.
And while skeptics continue to doubt global warming is a man-made phenomenon - Rush Limbaugh called warnings about it "garbage science" - "Chasing Ice" leaves little doubt it is occurring.
Scientist and nature photographer James Balog once counted himself among the skeptics.
Today, Balog, the National Geographic photographer whose images appear in books and magazines, considers the icebergs nature's barometer, and a canary-in-the-coal-mine predictor of significant pending "apoco-geologic" change.
Al Gore expressed similar sentiments in the Oscar-winning "An Inconvenient Truth." That film showed the former vice president lecturing and schlepping his own suitcases through airports.
But "Chasing Ice," which is likely to receive an Oscar nomination for best documentary feature, shows Balog - bad knees and all -rappelling or climbing icebergs on several continents to capture tangible photographic evidence of a change in the natural order.
Using 25 cameras positioned near icebergs in places such as Greenland, Iceland, Brazil and Alaska over a three-year period - and facing technical difficulties and harsh conditions - he collected time-lapse photo arrays of masses of ice "calving," or detaching from glaciers, crumbling into tiny little blocks in the ocean, melting into cascading waterfalls and building into raging floods.
The calving of a massive glacier believed to have produced the ice that sank the Titanic is like watching a city break apart.
Balog demonstrates how icebergs have shrunk more in the last 10 years than in the previous 100 years, and explains that rising water near coastal areas will be blown inland during super-storms flooding urban areas, as occurred in New Orleans and along the East Coast.
But the film is also a tribute to the art of nature photography, by Balog and director and cinematographer Jeff Orlowski, who works with Balog's Extreme Ice Survey group. Together they capture endless impressionistic variations of ice dying right before our eyes and leaving a beautiful corpse.
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Chasing Ice *** 1/2
- Cast: James Balog, Svavar Jonatansson, Jeff Orlowski. Tad Pfeffer, Adam LeWinter
- Behind the scenes: Produced by Jerry Aronson and Paula DuPré Pesmen. Written by Mark Monroe. Directed by Jeff Orlowski.
- Rated: PG-13; brief language
- Approximate running time: 76 minutes
- Movie times and more details


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Nina B (Feat. Jazmine Sullivan & Missy Elliot) - I Need You Bad Remix
Video for Nina B - I Need You Bad Remix. Shout out to Ravenel Records
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Welcome to Go Run It!
Welcome to Go Run It. We're passionate about running and offer a broad range of racing series for all ages and all types of runners. At Go Run It, you can register for one of our racing series, view our race calendar of upcoming races, get race results, view photos and videos from various races.


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HANG TIME, Texas — The trade deadline is less than two weeks away and that means general managers are spending endless days on the phone and many veterans are spending sleepless nights on edge.
On one hand, athletes get to plead the case that they're the only professional group in today's modern age that can be swapped like heads of lettuce at a farmer's market, having their homes and their lives relocated on short notice.
On the other, the rest of the world outside those well-paid lives usually get only a handshake and a pink slip when they're no longer wanted or needed.
So here is 14-year-veteran Shawn Marion telling Tim MacMahon of ESPNDallas that he won't necessarily show up in a new city and play if the sinking Mavericks trade him.
"If I'm going to get traded, they're going to tell me what's going on and where I'm going," the 14-year veteran said. "Because if I'm going to a (expletive) situation, I'm not going. It's just that simple.
"At this time, I'm too old to be trying to go through and be a, you know what I'm saying, not have a chance to do anything. I'm at a point where I want to be playing for something right now."
Certainly it is easy to understand the emotional and professional viewpoint of Marion. It was just 20 months ago that The Matrix was playing in The Finals and playing a key role on a team that would win a championship. He figures he's paid his dues over the years, jumping from Phoenix to Miami to Toronto to find a place in Dallas where he has been comfortable and appreciated.
And all that just goes out the window because Dirk Nowitzki missed the first 27 games of the season following knee surgery, the Mavericks plummeted in the standings and now team owner Mark Cuban must start looking toward the future?
Well, yes.
Perhaps somebody could cue up the Lion King music for Marion, because this is just the circle of life. For all that he has done in Dallas over the past 3 1/2 years, the Mavs are probably hopelessly out of the race for even the No. 8 seed in the Western Conference and must begin to look ahead.
Of course, things would have been radically different if Cuban would have been able to reel in star free-agent point guard Deron Williams or made a deal for center Dwight Howard.
But that is the past and it's time for Cuban, team president Donnie Nelson and coach Rick Carlisle to build for the future. Can they somehow convince Chris Paul, the free agent next summer, to leave all that he's built with the Clippers? Can they talk Howard into leaving money on the table with the Lakers to start fresh in Dallas?
They Mavs at least have to try and that means making tough choices, namely moving veterans such as Marion or Vince Carter in hope of getting draft picks, young prospects or just to clear out salary space. Marion will be owed $9.3 million next season, Carter nearly $3.2 million. Those elder statesmen are the most logical — and valuable — trade chips for a team that has to get much better real soon so they don't squander what's left of Nowitzki's career.
Marion is hardly alone on the hot seat. Atlanta is evidently willing to talk to anyone about veteran Josh Smith. Despite all the claims to the contrary from Lakers G.M. Mitch Kupchak, Pau Gasol listened to the talk all season until getting sidelined by his foot injury.
By the way, from a historical perspective, players refusing to report to an undesirable location is hardly a modern phenomenon. As far back as 1950, Bob Cousy was the No. 3 overall pick in the draft by the Tri-Cities Blackhawks, but would not sign and was later picked up by the Celtics. Six NBA titles later, that worked out well for Cousy.
Marion, of course, can only hope that Dallas would send him to a place where he can compete for another championship come June. But if not, the Mavs owe less to him than they do to themselves and their fans.
After a decade of excellence that included annual trips to the playoffs, culminating with the 2011 championship, it is time to move on in Dallas.
The circle of life in the NBA.


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For Automotive Industries particularly for car system solutions, there 3 main types of strong harnessing tapes which are used, including:
ELV Tape (Extra Low VOC) – used for fixing components in closed spaces in car interiors
Electrically Conductive Tape – used on electromagnetic waves emitted from electronic equipment such as Sat Nav and GPS Systems
Harnessing Tape – for general harnessing of the interior and exterior materials of vehicle
ELV Tapes feature a higher adhesion compared with general adhesive D/C tapes and where the adhesive tapes conforms well when adhered transforms/deforms. The tape is also strong enough for fixing olefin and foam materials in the interior of the car as it sticks well to foam and plastic materials.
Electrical Conductive Tape Electrically features electric resistivity made of Electrolytic Copper foil backing and adhesive with Ni powder. This creates an electro magnetic shielding from electronic equipment.
Harnessing Tape is used for noise control and for cushioning properties. The Harnessing tape is used to protect the wires in and around the vehicle and is halogen free.


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Forms Jobs
During the French and Indian War (1754-1763), refugees frequently flocked to Bethabara for protection. Moravians settled displaced families in cabins near their gristmill, about a mile downstream Monarcas Creek from town. As threats continued, fear mounted that the nearby Cherokee would join French forces, and Moravians built a protective stockade for their fearful guests. Indians never attacked, but in1759 a typhus epidemic raged across the backcountry. In early October, a refugee child, Michael Woerly, died; but there was no place to bury him.
Moravians quickly laid out a new God's Acre for outsiders (strangers) on a hillside near their mill. Surveyor Christian Gottlieb Reuter planned and staked the boundaries for the graveyard, and Michael Woerly's grieving family buried his little body in the children's section on Oct. 5, 1759.
Following Moravian custom, Reuter designed the graveyard in four sections, segregating males from females and adults from children. Graves were oriented west to east, facing the rising sun. Strangers grave map [pdf/2.5mb/1p]
Although Moravians were a separate denomination, colonial law required Wachovia also become a parish of the Church of England. Thus, in 1755 the Colonial Assembly established Dobbs Parish and officially the Strangers' God's Acre became Dobbs Parish God's Acre. During the Revolutionary War, North Carolina abolished the parish system. For the graveyard, nothing changed but the name.
Local families continued the graveyard until at least 1847. Records show they buried 98 bodies many of which were placed outside the original boundary. Survivors memorialized some graves with Moravian-style gravestones. Fieldstones or wooden stakes marked others, and spreading periwinkle covers most of the graves. Archaeologists have examined and mapped Reuter's original plot and the surrounding area. A list of people interred in the Strangers' God's acre is available at the Historic Bethabara Park Visitor Center.
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text: On Thu, 9 Aug 2007, Henning Fehrmann wrote: > Hello, > > we are interested in flashing a BIOS image and in manipulating the NVRAM of the motherboard > automatically. > > Unfortunately, using certain vendors, the access to the NVRAM is not straightforward. > These vendors are offering DOS tools only, to write in the NVRAM, hence, we have to boot > a DOS image and here starts the trouble. > > Optimally, using the DOS environment does following things: > * flashes the BIOS > * sets the NVRAM > * sends a message to the install server > > The last point is necessary to prepare pxeboot for the installation process. > It also means, we need networking under DOS. > In particular, we are looking for a DOS-DHCP client. Everything needs to be packed on > a 2,9M floppy image. > > Has somebody experiences with this? Sure. You can PXE-boot DOS (which doesn't need to fit on a floppy sized image, actually). Last time I looked, there were some bootable DOS images freely available on the net -- google turns up e.g. http://www.bootdisk.com/bootdisk.htm pretty readily. So create a PXE bootable remote-mountable partition and pop the BIOS flash program on that, and write a suitable autoexec.bat. Terminate the image in the batch file with the mandatory reboot, and set up suitable DHCP toggles so that you start the flash by hand, then it defaults to a kickstart install, then it defaults to a local disk boot, in that order. > In the worst case, the DOS environment is working autonomously and the install server is 'guessing' > whether the BIOS is flashed or not on the clients, > e.g., by analyzing the DHCP logs, but this is not what we really want. I'm hoping that the process described above IS what you want. rgb > > Regards > Henning Fehrmann > _______________________________________________ > Beowulf mailing list, Beowulf at beowulf.org > To change your subscription (digest mode or unsubscribe) visit http://www.beowulf.org/mailman/listinfo/beowulf > -- Robert G. Brown http://www.phy.duke.edu/~rgb/ Duke University Dept. of Physics, Box 90305 Durham, N.C. 27708-0305 Phone: 1-919-660-2567 Fax: 919-660-2525 email:rgb at phy.duke.edu


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AT&T Inc expects much better results in its wireless business in the second quarter after a weak start to the year, Chief Executive Randall Stephenson said on Wednesday.
Last month, the No. 2 U.S. mobile provider reported a net loss of 69,000 cellphone subscribers in the first quarter, sparking fears of a slowdown in the market.
Continue Reading Below
But Stephenson said the poor start to the year was something AT&T could improve on. "I don't think we executed very well in the first quarter. It was a bit disappointing to me," he said at an investor conference that was webcast. "You're going to see the second quarter in mobility looking markedly better than the first quarter."
However, he also said the company's services for business customers were having a tough time due to economic factors such as weak employment numbers.
"Businesses are not investing at a very significant pace," he said.
Stephenson said he was interested in expanding AT&T into Europe but suggested this effort was unlikely to involve buying a European telecommunications company.
Asked if there were acquisition opportunities in Europe, he replied, "I don't know. It's a difficult place for that sort of thing."
(Reporting by Sinead Carew; Editing by John Wallace)


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-hepople Lesson Plans
Settling in Spanish America
Prepared by Jay Gavitt
Intended grades: 7th to12th
Subject Areas: U.S. History and Geography
Correlation to the New Jersey Core Curriculum Content Standards:
6.1: Utilizing historical thinking, problem solving, and research skills to maximize
their understanding of civics, history, geography, and economics;
6.3: Demonstrating knowledge of world history; and
6.4: Demonstrating knowledge of United States history in order to understand life
and events in the past and how they relate to the present and future.
Ob ective:
Students will examine and utilize primary sources including the "Royal Ordinances
for New Towns" and Spanish colonial maps._Students will use the ordinances to
select a location for settlement. Students will develop a town plan using the
ordinances._Students will compare their town plans with the Spanish settlement and
development of St. Augustine.
Approximate Time Required: 3 class periods
Materials Required:
Copy of the modified "Royal Ordinances for New Towns" (provided).
Graph paper for town planning
Maps of St. Augustine
St. Augustine, Florida 1586
St. Augustine, Florida 1770's
St. Augustine, Florida City and Port 1760's
http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/d iqital/collections/Teachers/maps. htm
Graphic Organizer for comparing student's settlement with the Spanish settlement at
St. Augustine.
Teacher directed:
Students will be given an outline map of a coastal area in Spanish Florida. This
outline map should be created from St. Augustine, Florida 1586. The map should not
be titled and only geographic features should be noted on the map. Rivers, bay,
oceans, marsh lands, mountains, etc.
Students will be asked to read the "Royal Ordinances for New Towns" to find out
where the King feels a settlement should be located. Using this information, students
will select the best location on the map for settlement.
The students in class will be asked to share their location and reasoning with the
class or as a written assignment. The students will then be shown the actual
settlement location for St. Augustine so that they can compare their location with it.
Students will be given a piece of graph paper. While examining the remaining "Royal
Ordinances for New Towns", they will be asked to plan their new town using the
ordinances. Students may need assistance with terms that they are not familiar with.
You may wish to have students highlight the important passages in the ordinances
that apply directly to their town.
The students will then share their town plans with other members of the class. The
class will be given an enlarged copy of the upper right hand quarter of St. Augustine,
Florida 1586 which shows the early development of St. Augustine. Students will be
asked to compare their town plan with St. Augustine in 1586.
It may be useful to provide students with a graphic organizer on which to compare
their town plan with St. Augustine. Students might also like to use
St. Augustine, Florida 1770's and St. Augustine, Florida City and Port 1760's to
see how St. Augustine developed over time. They may also wish to evaluate St.
Augustine's development with respect to the "Royal Ordinances".
Student directed:
This map is an imaginary seacoast area somewhere in Spanish America. Assume
that you are a Spanish settler and this is where your party has landed. The following
are your King's "Royal Ordinances for New Towns." You must obey these rules as
you select, plan, and build your new town.
Examine the outline map of the coastline with its different geographic areas. Read
the "Royal Ordinances for New Towns" and use them to help you select your
settlement site. You will need to be able to explain why you selected the particular
For the second part of the assignment you will need to provide the King with a plan
for you town. Using your graph paper you will begin the develop your town plan. Use
a pencil because you will need to make changes on your town as you read through
the "Royal Ordinances". You might want to read through all the ordinances before
you start.
Study the first five ordinances carefully before you begin laying out your design.
"ROYAL ORDINANCES FOR NEW TOWNS, &c"
San Lorenzo, July 3, 1573. I the King. Ordinances for discoveries, new
settlements, and pacifications.
Royal Ordinance 110... having chosen the land to be settled and arrived at the
place where the town will be built, they must make a plan for the new town. The
plazas, streets and building lots must be laid out exactly, beginning with the main
plaza. Next, the settlers must lay out the streets, gates, and important roads. The
plan must always leave enough open space so the town can continue to grow
according to these ordinances,
Royal Ordinance 111... the town must be located on ground which is not low or
swampy. There must be land for farming and pasture, fuel and wood for building,
fresh water, and a native people nearby. The town gates should open to the north
wind. If the site is on the coast, the town should be a port, but do not have the sea to
the south or to the west. Lagoons and marshes in which are found poisonous
animals or diseased air and water should not be nearby.
Royal Ordinance 112... if the town is on the seacoast, the main plaza should be at
the ship landing place. If the town lies inland, the plaza must be a rectangle, with the
long side equal to one and one-half times the width. This is the best shape for
fiestas, especially those in which horses are used.
Royal Ordinance 113... the plaza shall be small or large depending on the number
of settlers, but do not forget that in new towns the population should grow. The plaza
must be no less than 200 feet wide and 300 feet long. A good size is 600 feet long
and 400 feet wide.
Royal Ordinance 114... from the plaza shall run four main streets must run from the
plaza, one starting from the center of each side. At each corner of the plaza, two
streets should begin, and should line up with the sides of the plaza.
Choose a place and size for your plaza. Lay it out on your graph paper along with
the major streets.
Royal Ordinance 116... in cold places the streets should be wide; in hot place they
should be narrow. However, if horses will be used to help defend te town, the streets
should be wide.
Royal Ordinance 117... the streets should go from the main plaza in ways that will
not cause problems or crowding when the town grows.
Royal Ordinance 118... if the town will be large, smaller plazas must be laid out
here and there for new churches and monasteries.
Add to your town buildings as described in the next ordinances.
Royal Ordinance 119... if the town is on the coast, the first cathedral must be built
facing the plaza, so it can be seen when arriving by sea. This building should also
serve as a means of defense for the port.
Royal Ordinance 120... the building lots for the cathedral and other nearby church
buildings must be assigned first. Buildings not related to the church must be kept
some distance away.
Royal Ordinance 121... the next building lots to be chosen must be for a house for
the royal council, a custom house, and an arsenal. These must be near the
cathedral and port so that in times of battle they will help defend each other.
The hospital for the poor and those sick with non-contagious diseases must be built
near the church buildings. The hospital for those with contagious diseases must be
built so te wind will not blow from it toward the rest of town.
Royal Ordinance 122... the building lots for slaughterhouses, fisheries, tanneries,
and other things which cause pollution must be placed where their waste is not a
Royal Ordinance 126... building lots around the plaza must not be used for family
houses. The buildings facing the plaza will be the cathedral, other buildings the
church may need, buildings used for the King's business, and shops.
The first buildings to be build facing the plaza will be the shops. All settlers must help
build these shops. Anyone who buys from the merchants must pay a fair tax, to help
pay for the shop building.
Royal Ordinance 127... the other building lots near the plaza will be given to the
settlers by lottery. The lots further away from the plaza will be kept for later settlers,
and for other buildings the town might need. The town must always keep a plan
showing were new buildings and streets will be built.
Royal Ordinance 128... after the town plans are finished and each settler has a
building lot, each settler must set up his tent on his lot. Those who do not have tents
must build huts so they have shelter.
As soon as possible all settlers must make a wall or ditch around the town so that
they may protect themselves from Indians,
Royal Ordinance 129... an open pasture field must be prepared near the town. The
pasture must be large so there will always be plenty of room for the people to go for
recreation and room for the cattle to be pastured without danger.
Student's reasons for the selection of their settlement's site.
Student's comparison to the actual St. Augustine site.
Student's highlighting of the major ideas in the "Royal Ordinances".
Student's application of the "Royal Ordinances" to their town plan.
Student's comparison of their plan with St. Augustine.
Student analysis of the St. Augustine settlement.
Maps of St. Augustine
http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/diqital/collections/Teachers/maps. htm
Copy of the modified "Royal Ordinances for New Towns"
Nuttall, Zelia. "Ordinances concerning the Laying out of new Towns", The Hispanic
American Historical Review. November, 1921, Vol. IV, No.4, pp. 743-753.


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The UAF Writing Center
The Writing Center also features a computer laboratory. Currently we have eighteen PCs available on a walk-in basis. Technicians and tutors are on hand to assist with computer-related questions. There is no charge for printing (up to 25 pages).
The Writing Center is a resource center providing a full range of dictionaries, handbooks, thesauruses, and it is an art gallery displaying work by students from the UAF Art Department.
See you soon in the Writing Center!
Richard Carr, Director, UAF Writing Center and Computer Laboratory.
(907) 474-5314.
- Brainstorming and generating topics
- Organizing ideas
- Developing research strategies
- Use of citation styles -- MLA, APA, and Chicago
- Editing for clarity and correctness
We collaborate with each student on a one-to-one basis, and we will work with students at any phase of the writing process -- planning, drafting, revising. We can also help writers discover ways of improving grammar, mechanics, and punctuation.
Tutorials. Tutorial appointments at the Writing Center are 30 minutes long, and we encourage you to call or stop by to make an appointment. Walk-in sessions are often available, but in the last half of the semester we are often booked.
E-mail/Fax/Telephone Tutoring: We provide a telephone tutoring service for those not able to come to our campus location: CRCD students, students enrolled in courses through E-Learning and Distance Education, and those in the Fairbanks-North Star Borough with life demands preventing easy campus access. If you would like a telephone session call the Writing Center (907/474-5314) for an appointment and then e-mail ( firstname.lastname@example.com ) or fax (1-800-478-5246) your paper to us the day of your appointment--by 5:00 pm for an evening session and 12:00 pm for a Sunday afternoon session. We will then call you at the set time and collaborate with you on your writing need or needs. We offer telephone tutorials on Monday through Thursday evenings (7:15, 8:15, 9:15) and Sunday afternoon (1:15, 2:15, 3:15, 4:15, 5:15).
Contact Us:


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After her decades' long work exploring androgyny, the photographer Bettina Rheims saw a shift in the way cultures view gender, and she was inspired by transgendered youth. As transgender issues are only recently beginning to receive the attention they deserve, her 2012 project Gender Studies aims to give voice to the most intimate thoughts on the gendered self. Using Facebook, she reached out to any and all people who "felt different" in regards to gender; with responses from those who identified as male, female, both, or neither, the diversity of her subjects is staggering, and they serve to remind us that feeling "different" may be the only thing that unites us all, regardless of our genders. In the series's original show, the artist played audiotapes of her sitters, allowing their own voices to inform each work.
The portraits reveal strength in vulnerability; the bareness of the nude form does not speak to intrusive questions about specific physical characteristics but rather to a more meaningful revelation of selfhood through movement. As pure white clothes melt from bodies, each subject reveals bandages, tattoos, freckles, and other marks of universal human existence. All definitions and judgements give way to ethereal and blossoming beauty, elevating the spirit of the body and deeming theoretical, academic, or impersonal definitions of gender irrelevant. Simultaneously humanizing and worshipful, this is portraiture at its most powerful, lending the human form and soul a more murkily transformative sexual and emotional authority. What do you think of the images? (via Bust and Slate)


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20yearman wrote:Definitely not equivalent to being a URL CO.
yoshi wrote:-we continue to report up to FCC/C10F via WAR as if operations at national sites and in overseas theaters are somehow owned by us. we give this information to someone who is completely powerless to do anything and has no authority to make decisions. and, we continually waste time and effort of our people in asking for it. why are we doing this?
yoshi wrote:-on our COs/community owning ops: the arrangements we have with NSA, CYBERCOM/FLTCYBER, and the Fleet Navy have our personnel involved in operations, but not ops which our community directs, determines, or owns (save maybe dco).
yoshi wrote:We're completely out of balance now, but i think we'll get fixed a little, at least on the cyber side when CYBERCOM splits out and starts doing title 10 at/with the regional COCOMs. probably be disappointing to the Navy crypotologic community, but not to the other services and the COCOMs.
yoshi wrote:Owning mission = decision authority to conduct operations in a given theater, whether they be joint (COCOM level) or component (#'d Fleet). Influencing, persuading, coordinating are not the same thing. Think about how many people we have in FCC/C10F doing the influencing, persuading, coordinating. Might they be as impactful if they were sitting in the COCOM/component CDR with the decision maker, rather than having to coordinate through their own organization's equities from thousands of miles away? Might those people better understand the intent of the COCOMs, might they more easily bring CYBERCOM success? Seems much easier to coordinate, influence, persuade in person rather than continuing to rely on a three star to pick up the phone to have the necessary impact. I don't think that's the solution - I think that's the problem. We do this routinely on one star staffs at O4 and O5, and with only one or two officers; we should be doing this at the COCOMs and Component CDRs with CAPTs who are not in the J2/N2.
The basic strategic flaw with the US military's cyber approach is it spoils unity of C2 within theaters, which is something you can't share or divide by domain. If you could do this, you wouldn't need an OTC/CWC. Sure, we can negotiate, influence, and deconflict. Is that timely and efficient enough to be viable in today's world (and I'm not even touching the career long targeting process yet)? Maybe for some Title 50 where an adversary doesn't know it's affected, but not for Title 10. No matter the technology, genius, or quality, there is no decision advantage when your operational process takes longer than your adversaries. Our approach has elevated the decision/action level required. Higher authority levels are inversely proportional to decision cycle speed. It takes far more people far more time to coordinate, execute, or forestall operations than if title 50 cyber belonged to theater COCOMs. CYBERCOM has to split off from NSA to be practically effective for military operations. We'll agree to disagree on this one.
The world is moving closer to Title 10 scenarios (Ukraine, North Korea, Iran) and preparedness requires our strategic design accommodate this fact. Thus, what we can learn from cyber/SIGINT/EW inherently must give way to what we can do, or support doing, with the same. It doesn't mean intelligence isn't important, it just means Title 10 requirements should be a priori matters (which clearly isn't the case today). This requires a change in approach and in our organizations.
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Expanded needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 99 designs submitted by 18 freelance designers.
Expanded Books by Expanded Apps
Our company specializes in creating multimedia, interactive iPhone/iPad apps, nearly all based on book content. We also produce and distribute multimedia - TV, Radio, and web videos - to promote books. Our company has a cutting-edge image and we are on the forefront of technology with the apps we produce and the ways that we promote books. We are known as innovators and leaders in our industry and we love what we do. Our backgrounds are in entertainment and Hollywood and our work stands out for its visual appeal. We are known as high end content creators in Hollywood and also for publishers.
Our audience is very broad, as we are making all different types of apps based on book content. The apps we've already made include cookbooks, children's books, memoirs, non fiction and fiction titles. Each of our apps appeals to a different audience but the logo is the one thing that should be consistent across the apps and we want to establish our brand in the app world. Our existing Expanded Books logo that we have been using for our videos, and other media we create very clearly says what we do (combine book content with video and other media) and now, with Expanded Apps, we are combining book content with all kinds of media and the functionality included in the iPhone/iPad - we are adding music, sound effects, visual effects, GPS, phone dialing and everything else that the iPhone is capable of as long as it is organic to the book content.
We would like a new logo for "Expanded Books by Expanded Apps" which combines our existing Expanded Books logo. It is fine to change the existing Expanded Apps logo to fit with the new design.
We do not want to change the Expanded Books logo because our company has already been using it for six years.
We would like to find an elegant way to combine the Expanded Books logo with Expanded Apps.
So, the goal is to come up with a design that we can use when we are making an app from a book to show our audience the app is from Expanded Books. We can't use the Expanded Books logo for all of our apps because some are not book based. But for those that are book based, we want to use "Expanded Books" since we are already known that way and it is the perfect name for a multimedia, interactive book app. We chose this name before apps existed and it fits so well with what we do that we want to keep using it.
We also have a logo for Expanded Entertainment. We don't want to change it but I will upload it for reference.
The Expanded Books and Expanded Entertainment logos should not be changed. The Expanded Apps logo can be changed.
Check out our existing logo too for Expanded Books by Expanded Apps for reference. It does not work for us because it reads as Expanded Books by Apps, instead of Expanded Books by Expanded Apps.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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As one of few porn stars with roots in India, Sunny Leone is a rarity whose beauty makes her stand out even more. Sunny was a nursing student who got a taste for the industry when she posed for Penthouse in 2001, and she was named Pet of the Month that March. Appearances in magazines such as Hustler and Swank followed, and in 2003 Sunny was the Penthouse Pet of the Year. That year she also starred with Tera Patrick in the video Penthouse Pets in Paradise.
Sunny signed a contract as a girl/girl performer with Vivid in 2005, becoming the first Vivid Girl of Indian descent. That December saw the release of Sunny, her first starring role. Her next movie, Virtual Vivid Girl Sunny Leone, made her the first Vivid Girl to do an interactive film and won Sunny her first AVN Award (Best Interactive DVD). When Sunny signed for six more films with Vivid in 2007, she agreed to perform with one man: her then-fiancé Matt Erikson. Her first movie under this contract, Sunny Loves Matt, was also her first post-breast augmentation feature. Sunny split from Erikson in January 2008, freeing her to perform with other men. She delivered particularly sizzling boy/girl scenes in such classic Vivid flicks as The Other Side of Sunny and Sunny's B/G Adventure. After leaving Vivid, Sunny continued to get fans overheated with standout performances in Deviance from SkinworXXX/Adam & Eve and Goddess (her first anal scene) from her own company, SunLust Pictures. In April 2012 Sunny overtook Jenna Jameson at the coveted top spot of the Fame Registry, an online ranking of porn stars based on Internet searches and web traffic.
One of the few porn stars to achieve major mainstream success, Sunny has appeared on TV many times, including the 2005 MTV Awards on MTV India, the 2006 World Series of Poker, E!'s Wild On, and Fox Reality's My Bare Lady 2. Impressive though her list of appearances already was, it couldn't compare to being cast on Bigg Boss 5, a popular Indian reality show, in 2011. This was her ticket to Bollywood. Acclaimed Indian film producer Pooja Bhatt cast her in the sequel to her father Mahesh Bhatt's 2003 hit Jism. (Though it's certainly erotic, explicit scenes are illegal in India.) Sunny became a resident of India, took Hindi lessons, and trained physically for the movie, which began filming in April 2012. Sunny went on to even greater Bollywood success with horror film titled Ragini MMS 2, directed by Pawan Kripalani, and a three-film deal with producer Parag Sanghvi of Alumbra Entertainment worth more than USD$1 million. Her Bollywood fame prompted her to retire from adult film, yet her popularity among porn fans is as strong as ever.
Sunny sex toys include a pocket pal molded to her vagina and a Sunny Leone Exciter vibrator. In September 2009, Sunny released the first officially sanctioned iPhone application featuring a porn star, consisting of non-nude photos, videos and a blog written by Sunny, but it was pulled in 2010. As a result of her tech friendliness, AVN named Sunny Web Starlet of the Year at the 2010 AVN Awards.
Though born in Sarnia, Ontario, Canada, Sunny moved with her family to the US as a teenager. She loves video games, Italian food, reading, soccer, and horseback riding.


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Virginia Man Sentenced to Serve 168 Months in Prison on Child Pornography Charges
n Orange County, Va., man was sentenced today to serve 168 months in prison following his March 2011 guilty plea to child pornography charges that originated in three different federal districts.
The sentence was announced by Assistant Attorney General Lanny A. Breuer of the Justice Department's Criminal Division, U.S. Attorney Timothy J. Heaphy of the Western District of Virginia, U.S. Attorney Neil H. MacBride of the Eastern District of Virginia and U.S. Attorney Wifredo A. Ferrer of the Southern District of Florida.
Anthony C. Jeffries was sentenced by Senior U.S. District Judge Norman K. Moon in the Western District of Virginia. On March 28, 2011, Jeffries pleaded guilty to one count of distributing child pornography and one count of possessing child pornography on charges contained in an indictment filed in the Western District of Virginia and two separate one-count criminal informations originally filed in the Eastern District of Virginia and the Southern District of Florida, each charging him with distributing child pornography. Jeffries was sentenced to 168 months in prison for each count of distributing child pornography and 120 months in prison for possessing child pornography. The prison sentences for each count will be served concurrently. In addition to his prison term, Jeffries was sentenced to serve lifetime supervised release.
According to information presented in court, Jeffries assisted in running an online forum from his Orange County home that was dedicated to posting pictures and chatting about young girls. The defendant was responsible for one-fourth of the images available on the forum.
In February 2010, undercover FBI agents working in Richmond, Va., and Miami logged onto a peer-to-peer file sharing network and downloaded numerous images of child pornography from Jeffries. In June 2010, a search warrant was obtained and computer equipment was seized from the defendant's Virginia home. A forensic examination of that equipment revealed thousands of image files, including images of young children engaged in sexual acts with adults.
The investigation of the case was conducted by the Orange County Sheriff's Office, the FBI, the Charlottesville, Va., Police Department, the University of Virginia Police Department and the High Technology Investigative Unit of the Criminal Division's Child Exploitation and Obscenity Section (CEOS). Assistant U.S. Attorney Nancy Healey and Trial Attorney Darcy Katzin with the Criminal Division's CEOS are prosecuting the case for the Western District of Virginia. Elizabeth Wu is prosecuting the case for the Eastern District of Virginia.
This case was brought as part of Project Safe Childhood, a nationwide initiative to combat the growing epidemic of child sexual exploitation and abuse, launched in May 2006 by the Department of Justice. Led by U.S. Attorneys' offices and CEOS, Project Safe Childhood marshals federal, state and local resources to better locate, apprehend and prosecute individuals who exploit children via the Internet, as well as to identify and rescue victims. For more information about Project Safe Childhood, please visit www.projectsafechildhood.gov.


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Interested in volunteering? Whether you have something particular in mind or you are just searching for a way to be involved, we would love to have you participate!
Stop in the Mary Ann Shaw Center for Public and Community Service Office in 237 Schine Center to fill out a Volunteer Interest Form or download one and bring it to the Center.


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HANG TIME, Texas — The only things missing were Charles Oakley and Patrick Ewing clubbing Michael Jordan like a baby seal as he drove through the lane, Charles Smith missing layups or maybe Jeff Van Gundy derisively referring to Phil Jackson as Big Chief Triangle.
It was just like old times when the Knicks and Bulls collided on Friday night at the Garden — tempers flaring, heads butting, technical fouls flying and, in the end, of course, Chicago winning.
Where else but the Big Apple would it be more appropriate to make snap judgments and leap to hasty conclusions? Especially since the New York media have spent the first third of the season once more pounding the drumbeat of hope — or fantasy — for the Knicks' first championship since 1973.
This was the second time in two weeks that the feisty Derrick Rose-less Bulls had stuck the Knicks, who are more earthbound at 5-3 since that soaring flight over Miami on Dec. 6.
First, let's go over the gory details of the Friday Night Fights from main man Marc Berman of the New York Post (that's BOTP, if you're a Twitter follower of our hilarious good buddy @FisolaNYDN):
In the worst Garden night of the season during which they fell behind by 25 points late in the third quarter, the Knicks fought the referees, fought the Bulls players, but didn't fight hard enough to win. As the final buzzer sounded on a discouraging 110-106 loss, coach Mike Woodson, Carmelo Anthony, Tyson Chandler — all ejected — weren't around to hear it.
The loss dropped the Knicks (19-7), percentage points behind Miami (17-6) for best record in the Eastern Conference. The Knicks, who also lost to Chicago two weeks ago, shot 33 percent in the first three quarters and trailed 83-61 and then blew their cool.
First, Anthony got ejected with 6:45 left for a hard slap on the ball held by Joakim Noah, picking up his second technical foul. Then Woodson followed Anthony to an early shower 1:30 later, earning his second technical for profanely berating the referees. Woodson, outcoached by Tom Thibodeau, appeared to mouth "terrible bleeping call,'' then adding "bleep you.'' as a kicker.
Bad move as all hell broke loose after that.
Fact is, despite all the talk about the Knicks' excellent defense and chemistry and coaching and cohesion and Anthony, so much of their sizzling start has been based on their shooting the ball at a record-setting pace from behind the 3-point line. When Jason Kidd, Raymond Felton, Steve Novak, Anthony and virtually anyone in a NY uniform are connecting at a 40 percent clip while Tyson Chandler takes care of business on the inside, that's a recipe for success.
However, the question has always been whether the Knicks could keep up that pace from downtown? In their last three games, the outside temperature has cooled with the Knicks shooting 28-for-86 (32.6) from long range, which has included a pair of losses this week to the Rockets and Bulls.
Is the answer as close as the Erie Bayhawks of NBA D-League, where Amar'e Stoudemire is putting the final touches on his rehab from knee surgery?
On one hand, Woodson says: "We're going to post Amar'e some when he comes back. We will stick him down there and try to get him the ball, and let him work a little bit and see what happens."
On the other are reports that the Knicks have tried to peddle the contract of the 30-year-old Stoudemire to every other team in the league unsuccessfully. The dilemma was spelled out wonderfully on Friday by Howard Beck of the New York Times:
In his prime, Stoudemire was the N.B.A.'s most lethal finisher in the pick-and-roll. But that role has been usurped, too, by Chandler, who is taller and longer, with a bigger bounce and healthier knees.
The obvious solution is to have Stoudemire anchor the second unit, running the pick-and-roll with Pablo Prigioni, while Novak, Smith and Rasheed Wallace spread the floor with their 3-point shooting.
But playing as a reserve means fewer minutes and a diminished profile. For all his public diplomacy, it seems doubtful Stoudemire would be content. On Thursday, he told reporters he was ready to "return back to dominance," which hardly sounds like the words of a player ready to cede the spotlight.
Ask those who have worked with Stoudemire, and they eventually invoke the same word: prideful. Not selfish or egocentric, but simply prideful — a man who views himself in grand terms and spends every minute trying to live up to the image. At age 30, even after multiple knee operations and back problems, Stoudemire still views himself as an elite player.
Reintegrating Stoudemire — whether as a starter or a reserve — might be the greatest challenge the Knicks face this season. (His famously poor defense is also problematic.)
It is a cruel crossroads for Stoudemire, one he never could have foreseen. He surely deserves a better fate.
But considering the way the Knicks opened the season with a bang, stirred the passions in New York and raised the possibility of challenging Miami's supremacy in the East, they do too. Old times against the Bulls weren't such fond memories.