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Tagged: dementia
Parkinson's Disease: Current and Future Treatments
This week's question comes from Alex. She asks, "I saw a video on YouTube where a guy with Parkinson's disease is able to use a machine implanted in his brain to control his shaking. Please explain this!"
The video Alex is referring to can be seen here and shows a man with the severe shaking most of us associate with Parkinson's controlled by a device he had implanted in his brain. The effects are dramatic between when the machine is on or off; in fact, it seems that his symptoms are so severe with it off that he has moderate difficulty turning the machine back on after he had switched it off. But, before we go into detail about how that machine and other treatments for Parkinson's work, we should first understand the disease itself and what exactly is going on in the body to cause its symptoms.
The disease itself is caused when the dopamine producing neurons in an area of the brain known as the substantia nigra begin to die. Past posts and some sources below detail the role of dopamine in the brain, so please refer back to those if you are not familiar (here). The exact reason(s) for this premature death is unknown, but evidence supports excessive oxidative stress and the inappropriate collection of certain proteins (alpha-synulcein bundles known as Lewy bodies, for the curious) in these neurons and to a lesser extent throughout the brain. In certain cases there is also a genetic cause, but for a majority of people the cause is idiopathic (without a known source).
Regardless of the reason(s) behind it, damage to the dopamine producing cells in the substantia nigra has a wide ranging effect on the body. Chief among them is parkinsonism, which is the specific name for the motor (movement) issues most visible in Parkinson's patients. The motor issues are mainly divided into tremor, rigidity, slowness, and postural issues. Tremor is the familiar shakiness, which more often happens when not moving (resting tremor). Rigidity can come in multiple forms, but basically means the muscle is hyperactive, making it harder to move fluidly or with normal ease. Slowness is what it sounds like, preventing rapid execution of movements. Slowness is especially visible in fine motor movements, making these activities difficult since they often require multiple actions to be executed quickly and successively. Postural issues are present in more advanced stages of the disease, resulting in balance issues and frequent falls.
Beyond the motor issues, Parkinson's can result in a whole host of issues that vary from person to person. The most common issues associated with advanced Parkinson's are cognitive issues (ie. slowed thought, speech issues, memory issues), psychiatric issues (ie. depression, anxiety, hallucinations), and dementia. It is thought that the accumulation of the Lewy bodies mentioned earlier contribute to this loss of function. As such, these issues tend to present much later in Parkinson's patients because it takes time for these elements to accumulate and interfere with function.
Because the symptoms of Parkinson's are generated largely by loss of dopamine production, the logical treatment would be to try to replace that dopamine. In fact, that is exactly what the main treatment for Parkinson's does. Known as Levodopa, this drug is converted to dopamine in the body and can increase the concentration of available dopamine in the brain. It can have significant side effects because it can also be converted to dopamine outside the brain. This peripheral dopamine can have a whole host of effects on nerves, leading to inappropriate nerve activity. To combat this, it is usually administered alongside a drug that prevents this conversion outside the brain but allows it to occur within the brain (by not being able to cross the blood-brain barrier). Even with this concurrent drugs, levodopa can still cause disabling side effects. Ironically, the most common are dyskinesias, or involuntary movements. Other drugs exist, but with varying degrees of effectiveness and still largely have a poor side effect profile. However, on the whole these drugs only mask the symptoms. As of now, no drug in clinical use has been shown to stop progression, though some recent compounds and genetic targets (1, 2, 3) have shown promise by a variety of mechanisms.
But, what if the symptom controlling drugs cause too many side effects, don't last long enough, or otherwise don't work? What if a more permanent solution is needed? Enter deep brain stimulation (DBS). As you saw in the video, deep brain stimulation can be tremendously effective in regulating the motor symptoms of Parkinson's. DBS does this by using electrical signals to block out the errant motor signals generated in the Parkinson's affected brain. Electrodes are placed in certain parts of the brain (specifically ventral intermediate nucleus, globus pallidus, and subthalamic nucleus) and transmit their signal directly into these areas. All of these areas are involved with some portion of motor control, though the specifics are not important in this context. Despite blocking the erroneous Parkinson's motor signals in these areas, normal motor signals can still be processed. Think of it like a freeway where a drunk driver is swerving across the road, disrupting all of the normal traffic. Once that driver is removed from the road, traffic can resume as normal. The result of DBS is a much smoother overall motor control and significant reduction of the tremors, slowness, rigidity, and posture control issues. The drawback is that DBS involves open brain surgery and implantation of foreign bodies deep into the brain. Thus it is not considered the primary treatment for Parkinson's patients. Hopefully in the future a similar technology can be created that involves a much less invasive procedure, allowing it to be a primary treatment option for those with progressive symptoms. Until then, drug therapy continues to be the most widely used treatment for the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
Hope this helps, Alex! As always, thank you for the question. If you want to submit your own, feel free to do so at the top link.
Till next time,


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AMD A10-4600M Trinity For Mobile Review: Trying To Cut The Ivy
Introduction, Overview
AMD's position is not enviable. Though they're the only large competitor to Intel in the market for x86 processors, the company is dwarfed by the Giant of Santa Clara. As a resident of Portland, I can't forget this fact. Intel offices are strewn across the landscape of the western suburbs, most of them at least four times larger than any office I've worked at.
Despite the long odds, AMD is set in this course for now and has no choice but to soldier on. And so we have today's reference platform, a laptop powered by AMD's latest mobile processor, codenamed Trinity. These processors, like the older Llano models, will be sold as the AMD A-Series. This might lead you to think that it's simply another minor update, but that's not the case.
Llano was released around the same time as Bulldozer, but it did not use Bulldozer cores. Instead it used yet another update of Stars, which is a mobile incarnation of Phenom II, which was of course an improvement upon the original Phenom. The "new" Llano APU in fact was equipped with some rather old processor cores. This showed in the performance of the mobile Llano products. They simply could not keep up with Sandy Bridge's more modern cores.
Bulldozer isn't coming to mobile with Trinity, either. Instead we're receiving Piledriver. AMD has effectively skipped the first iteration of its new Bulldozer architecture and moved straight on to the second. Piledriver includes the third generation of AMD's Turbo Core and promises "up to 29%" better processor performance than last year's Llano-based A-Series.
That's a significant improvement, should it turn out to be correct. Is it true, and will it be enough to catch up to Intel?
Continue reading our review of the AMD Trinity APU!!
Getting The Band Back Together
In the image above we have the platform diagrams for Llano (on the left) and Trinity (on the right). As you can see, they are similar. Switching out the old cores in favor of (up to) four new Piledriver cores has not resulted in any radical changes in how a Trinity APU is laid out.
This means the L2 cache still maxes out at 4MB and you'll still be receiving a maximum of four USB 3.0 ports in addition to 10 USB 2.0 ports from the A-Series chipset controller. Turbo Core is still implemented in basically the same way (though there have been some enhancements, which we'll discuss later). Outside of the new Piledriver cores AMD has simply reunited the band for another tour.
Memory is almost the same, but there is now support for low-power ULVDDR3-1333 memory, which features a voltage that limbos under 1.25V. DDR3-1600 memory running at 1.5V is still the quickest supported by the platform.
Another minor change can be found in instruction set support. FMA3 and F16C are now included, joining the previous team of AVX, AVX 1.1 and AES. Including the FMA3 instruction set is a small concession to Intel. AMD had used FMA4 in Bulldozer, but Intel announced that they would not be supporting it and would instead use FMA3 starting with the Haswell microarchitecture.
For those interested, here's the full platform definition table for Trinity.
Trinity's most significant change is not the platform specifications but rather the thermal design power. Llano only fit within 35W and 45W TDPs, which meant AMD has no answer to Intel's low-voltage Sandy Bridge processors. With Trinity the entire range has been moved downward and there are now processors with 17W, 25W and 35W TDPs.The fastest Trinity A-Series APU has a significantly lower TDP than the fastest Llano APUs. This change will allow for slimmer systems and should help improve battery life.
Video News
Here is the AMD Demonstration of the Next Generation Trinity Fusion APU For Notebooks.
Further here is an Exclusive interview of the Prominent industry analyst Rob Enderle discussing the future of PC benchmarking in advance of AMD's Second-Generation A-Series APU launch.
With next DX11 capable integrated graphics, the new mobile CPU will still maintain a 17 Watt power envelope.
waiting for pcper awesome video series :)
Just like you did for LLano
Thanks for the review :)
good improvement over llano!
wow impressed with battery life against ivy bridge.
looking forward to the 17w version in retail
I agree. While the 17W part is going to have a fairly gimped GPU (compared to this 35W A10) it will be fast enough for on-the-road use and cheap. I'd really like to see a nice $500 Trinity ultraportable... preferably made by ASUS or Lenovo.
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Now all we need is for someone at PCPer to take an FX-4100 and downclock it to same speeds and lower voltage accordingly to have a direct (well nearly as the L3 cache difference) comparison between Piledriver and Bulldozer.
As for the review it self, well done Matt.
First of all, I want to say I'm a HUGE AMD fan, so this was not easy for me to write...
The Trinity is a BIG disapoitment! Why? Because they (AMD) fail to deliver strong graphics performace with usual lack of CPU power to follow that. Ok, A10-4600 has a decent iGPU BUT that is the fastest one! All others are significantly slower. So HD4000 will be faster over all :( And OMG every Trinity APU has its own iGPU specifications! That will not confuse ordinary customer (who only cares about performanse) at all... NOT! And why the 25W and 17W APUs have bigger model numbers?!
And question that was bothering me from release od Bulldozer, who is the genius, better say wizard, in AMD who thought that AMD should sell processors as 1 module = 2 cores? It is 1 module = 1 core with 2 threads, same as Intel. And if they sold them like that it would lower performanse expectations and actually gave AMD better fighting chance. It's not the same to say "8 core AMD can't compete with 4 core Intel i5" and say "ok, 4 core AMD is little bit slower than Intel's i5". Am I right?!
So, lose - lose situation for AMD. I hope that GCN and Steamroller will be step foward for AMD (GPU's FPU integration with CPU modul and real 1 modul = 2 cores performance).
Am a bit confused over the results. Anandtech shows Intel HD4000 beating amd in skyrim ??? What driver was used here?
Just wondering ...
The price is what is going to sell this. though I expected better gaming performance , this is gonna get my cash (assuming I manage to avoid pos 1366x768 gloss)
I don't think our settings were exactly the same, since I used the straight medium detail presets, as they tweaked the AA settings a bit. If I have time I'll try running it again, and seeing if there is any change.
Shout out to my fellow portlander, nice review matt.
Trinity works for me. It's better in every possible way - CPU/GPU performance and battery life.
Few people use their laptop all day long for number crunching. Unless that is all you do Trinity is by far the better platform and value than Intel even IB with HD 4000 graphics. If you want to pay more and get less, then Intel is the way to go. If you want to pay less and get much more of what typical laptop users need, then Trinity is spot on for the majority of consumers and that's where my paycheck is going.
So, what I take away from this review is if AMD can work this architecture down to a super low heat version {like 40c on full load} than the atom may finally be dead on the cheap silent system. That may be the only chance in hell they have left. Time will tell I supose
All is well, but the author of this review forgot about one thing... The iGPU is a standard Northern Islands part, and is going to be CrossFire'able with a discrete AMD GPU part. Why pay for an Ivy Bridge plus a low-to-middle end discrete GPU, if you can have a much stronger Trinity + discrete Radeon dual-GPU gaming rig - for a lower price! I agree it's not going to compete with Intel in raw CPU performance, but in games the Trinity + discrete Radeon combo will be the absolute budget-friendly gaming king. Just as it was with Llano.
I didn't forget about it. I just can't review what I don't have. I liked the old Llano+discrete system that ASUS K53T put out, and which we use for comparison in this review.
However, those systems are kind of hard to find. There's not much selection. Even the ASUS K53T I reviewed seemed like it was available at retail for a month or two. Then - poof! - gone. Now I can't find it anywhere.
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Typo: Trinity is still way behind Sandy Bridge, nevermind Ivy Bridge, in per-clock performance. It's not a stretch to say that Trinity is good enough for many users, but then again, why pay good "more" for less?
I think you want "money" there.
Solid review otherwise, was hoping for an improvement over K53T. (which is an awesome/cheap laptop btw)
Also isn't it supposed to be A10-4600M and not A6-4600M?
And anyone know when we can expect to see machines with the 17w part? And will we see computers that are as small as the ultrabooks "from Intel"?
Thanks, I have fixed this.
comparing the 35watt trinity to Ivy which has 45watts a 30% power advantage I'd say Trinity is a huge advancement for AMD
That ivy chip is priced at almost 400 bucks (for the cpu only) and its HD4000 is clocked at 1250Mhz, higher than most dual cores will be no doubt.
Joke of a comparison really. Not Pcper's fault, it's all that intel gave them for a reason.
35W 2 modules/4 threads AMD vs 45W 4 Cores/8 threads Intel is highly biased comparison. Particularly failing to show the 30% better battery live in AMDs notebooks
Tests have shown that Trinity is way ahead of IB HD 4000 graphics so IB is not going to save Intel in the laptop segment. Only a fool would pay hundreds more to get less performance from Intel.
Review weak and biased, especially with regard to the gpu. amd drivers are beta / alpha (not sure) of the intel are definitive. llano means already in these reviews. I saw the difference between drivers in a4 330m in 3D Mark06 was 3500pts to 5800pts. learn to predict what will be and not what is pre releases.
Can any1 tell me, if there is a chance/place to buy the same exact laptop that was tested. Or in the worse case scenario the test laptop itself?

subset: commoncrawl


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I decided to collect all the decent textures I've made/found/stolen/hassled picola to make over the last year and pack them up. I've organised them by map with a couple of additional folders for vines, airducts, etc.
There are some quite nice textures, 170, some with _b and _n maps.
You can download them from our wiki - wiki textures
Feel free to modify them to suit your needs.


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Israel News - Stay Informed, Pray Informed
This is part two of a four-part series on Christian women marrying Muslim men. If you have not done so already, we recommend first reading Married to Mohammed - Part I
In 2011, WomanStats, a project that researches the status of women around the world, published a map that shows the comparative location of domestic violence against women. Except for Spain, Italy, France, Austria and Sweden, where women enjoy high levels of physical security, most of the world's countries were ranked as having medium to low levels.
In 2012, TrustLaw, Thomson Reuters Foundation's legal news service, conducted a survey among 370 professionals from 63 countries on five continents. The study revealed alarming statistics, naming such predominantly non-Muslim states as South Africa, Mexico and India as world's worst countries for women (though Saudi Arabia and Indonesia also made the list).
Yet a year earlier, TrustLaw's experts also concluded that the world's most dangerous places for women were Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Somalia (all Muslim states), and India and Congo (two non-Muslim countries). They supported their conclusions by noting that in those countries women suffer from a high rate of health problems, trafficking, and sexual and non-sexual violence.
The situation is acute in other Muslim states as well. In 2010, research carried out by the United Nations Higher Commission on Refugees evaluated the status of women in Middle Eastern and North African countries. The study concluded that the region's women lacked a basic feeling of security, autonomy and freedom. Tunisia and Morocco showed the best results on the five-point scale, with ratings of 3.4 and 3.2 respectively, followed by Algeria (3.0), Egypt (2.9), Jordan (2.7), Bahrain and Libya (2.6), Qatar and Palestine (2.4), Syria and the United Arab Emirates (2.3), Oman (2.1), Iraq and Yemen (1.9). Saudi Arabia was the last on the list with only 1.3 points.
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WASHINGTON (Reuters) - A bipartisan group in the House of Representatives is close to completing work on a comprehensive immigration reform bill that would include a pathway to citizenship for 11 million illegal immigrants living in the United States, according to congressional aides.
Two of the aides confirmed on Friday that the negotiators were still trying to agree on the issue of how to handle temporary laborers coming into the United States.
House Speaker John Boehner, a Republican, was briefed on Friday on the legislation, which congressional aides described as being nearly complete. House Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi received a briefing on Thursday, said one senior Democratic aide.
Michael Steel, a spokesman for Boehner, said: "The speaker had a good talk with the Republicans in the bipartisan immigration reform group. They've made real progress on a tough issue." He said the group would continue to work on the measure.
Boehner's office would not comment on details of the bipartisan group's work.
The back-to-back briefings for Pelosi and Boehner were "to let them know they were close to a finished product," said one House aide with knowledge of the issue.
In the Senate, a bipartisan group also neared completion of its own broad immigration bill, said senators and Senate aides.
Andrea Zuniga DiBitetto, a lobbyist for the AFL-CIO labor federation, said, "We're confident that a deal is going to be reached."
Leading senators have said the goal is to introduce a bill by early April. If things go as planned, the legislation could be ready for Senate floor debate by June or July.
Proponents in the House hope to pass their version of a bill this year.
A comprehensive reform bill, if it comes together, would aim to further toughen border security, deal with the millions living illegally in the United States and develop a way to streamline the future legal flow of immigrants, including temporary workers.
Prospects for legislation got a major boost last November, when Hispanic-Americans voted overwhelmingly to re-elect Democratic President Barack Obama.
The election results jolted Republicans, many of whom had taken a hard-line stance against any immigration reforms other than securing the southwestern border with Mexico and luring more skilled workers from abroad for U.S. high-tech firms facing labor shortages.
Although most Republicans say they now want to see some sort of immigration bill enacted this year, many are still hesitant about, or opposed, to giving 11 million illegal immigrants a special pathway to citizenship, arguing that would reward them for breaking the law and encourage a new wave of illegal border crossings.
Among the toughest issues the group of eight senators has wrestled with, more so even than a path toward citizenship, involves maids, waitresses and other low-paid foreign workers.
The group, which includes Florida Republican Senator Marco Rubio, a potential 2016 presidential candidate, is trying to create a system allowing businesses to hire more low-skilled workers to fill shortages, but only after they show that they cannot find Americans to take the jobs.
In the past two weeks, the senators have submitted proposals to the AFL-CIO, the biggest labor group, and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the largest business group. But those two groups remain deeply divided.
Talks "have been difficult," Randel Johnson, the chamber's senior vice president of labor and immigration, told reporters on Friday. "What is the overall cap of the (temporary visa) program is an issue," he said.
The chamber wants 400,000 visas a year. The AFL-CIO wants to cap visas in "very low five figures," said Johnson.
The chamber and the AFL-CIO had agreed that a new temporary worker program, which unions previously opposed on grounds it exploits workers, would eventually let some of the immigrants earn U.S. citizenship.
Johnson could not say how many of the temporary workers would be allowed to earn citizenship, except to say they would have to meet certain criteria such as having no criminal record.
That also is the case for the 11 million undocumented people in the United States, according to the Senate initiative outlined in late January.
Under the Senate measure, they would have to have clean criminal records, pay back taxes and a penalty and learn to speak English. In practice, it could take up to 15 years for someone to earn citizenship. But they would not live under the threat of deportation.
The group has discussed creation of a commission, perhaps within the Labor Department, to oversee the annual admission of low-skilled foreign workers. It would consider factors including the jobless rate in specific sectors, such as those that employ hotel and restaurant workers.
Additional reporting by Rachelle Younglai; Editing by Fred Barbash and Peter Cooney


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Work Step by Step
As shown on page 445, we know that $a^{\frac{m}{n}}=\sqrt[n] a^{m}=(\sqrt[n] a)^{m}$. Therefore, $4^{\frac{3}{2}}=\sqrt[2] 4^{3}=\sqrt 4^{3}=(\sqrt 4)^{3}=2^{3}=8$. We know that $\sqrt 4=2$, because $2^{2}=4$.
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House Democrats have now retreated from Jack Murtha's "slow bleed" strategy (aptly named, as we now know, by John Harris) to bring about failure in Iraq, and are casting about for a new approach. The latest trial balloon, being discussed by the Democrats behind closed doors, is described here by the Associated Press.
It isn't described very clearly, however:
House Democratic leaders are developing an anti-war proposal that wouldn't cut off money for U.S. troops in Iraq while requiring President Bush to acknowledge problems with an overburdened military.
The tactic is more likely to embarrass Bush politically than force his hand on the war. He would have to sign repeated waivers for units and report to Congress those units with equipment shortfalls and other problems.
It sounds as though the idea is that there would be no funding cuts, but Congress would require the President to "report" to it on equipment shortfalls–whatever that means–and sign waivers to allow troops to be sent to Iraq even though their "equipment" has ostensibly "fallen short."
Of course, if the Democrats really think there is a problem with our troops' equipment, one option would be to vote an increase in the Defense Department's budget to supply the supposedly missing materiel. Don't count on that, however; as usual, the Dems' purpose is entirely political.
To comment on this post, go here.


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Lung and breathing problems are common in a
spinal cord injury (SCI). This is because you may not
be able to use some of the muscles necessary for breathing, or they may be very
weak. This makes it difficult to breath, cough, and bring up
mucus from the lungs, which leads to a greater risk of
lung infections such as
By practicing breathing every day, you can strengthen the muscles you
use for breathing.
ByHealthwise StaffPrimary Medical ReviewerAdam Husney, MD - Family MedicineSpecialist Medical ReviewerNancy Greenwald, MD - Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
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Memristor Simulation Tool
05 Oct 2009 | | Contributor(s):: Yuan Shen, Sansiri Tanachutiwat, Wei Wang
Simulate resistance change of a Voltage-controlled Memristor


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As Republican objections to President Obama's Cabinet picks continue to pile up in the new year, we're watching a strange collision of two favorite media trends inside the Beltway, both of which bolster Republicans.
The first is that Obama hasn't done enough to change the tone in Washington, D.C.; that he hasn't torn down the capitol's stark partisan divide. The second is that, the radical obstructionism Obama faces while trying to change the tone is no big deal. That the monumental obstacles Republicans construct, like opposing Obama's Cabinet picks, represents politics as usual and everybody does it.
It's not and they don't.
But as confirmation battles like the ugly one surrounding Chuck Hagel to become the next Secretary of Defense continue to boil, the press keeps giving Republicans all kinds of cover.
In fact, the Hagel story, in which Obama made an effort to change the tone in Washington, D.C. by including a Republican in his Cabinet, only to have the goodwill gesture trampled by Republicans, perfectly captures the skewed way the news media depict modern-day politics. And the way journalists who beseech Obama to change the tone give him no credit when he tries.
Instead, we're told Obama is courting controversy, he's picking a fight, because he's doing what newly elected presidents have done for centuries in this country, he's selecting respected, well-qualified individuals whom he trusts to serve in his Cabinet. Writing for Bloomberg, Francis Wilkinson suggested that by nominating a Republican, Obama had intensified the Beltway's "polarization."
If this seems unusual, that's because it is. What's also unusual is that the Beltway press mostly refuses to acknowledge the strange obstructionist ways being adopted by the GOP as these dogged cabinet fights continue to roll out.
As New York Magazine's Jonathan Chait noted this week:
The basic assumption is no longer that the president needs only to appoint people who are broadly qualified and not wildly more radical than himself. It's that the cabinet represents a kind of middle ground between the president and the opposing party.
Chait's right. Republicans and their extended right-media attack machine led by Bill Kristol have successfully changed the rules for Cabinet nominees. And the Beltway press has let it happen without an ounce of pushback and, more importantly, without informing news consumers that a radical shift has taken place.
The unprecedented campaign to derail Obama's nominees (and derail people who haven't even been nominated yet) represents an unheard of political strategy in modern American politics. But the press insists on treating it as commonplace. The press for years now has insisted on providing no framework with regards to the radical obstructionism that now defines the GOP.
And so what's the downside for the Republican's strategy of attack, attack and attack? There is none. We've reached the point where if a handful of Republican senators go on the record objecting to a nominee, the way some have done with Hagel, the Beltway press will spend days, if not weeks, churning out stories about his "major fight" brewing to win confirmation, even though, in the case of Hagel, most of the articles quote the same handful of Hagel critics. (Not a single Democratic senator has come out against him.)
Republicans chalk that up as a victory, seeing the Obama White House as using up political capital and being dragged into "grinding personnel" fights, as Politico described it, to accomplish what used to be an almost friction-free process, appointing the Cabinet.
That's not to say previous nominees haven't received 'No' votes. When President George W. Bush nominated Condoleezza Rice to be Secretary of State after her close association with selling and planning the Iraq War, news coverage noted that some Democrats would vote against her. But the press never took seriously the idea that her confirmation would be denied; that there was a major battle brewing.
Conservative columnist Charles Krauthammer reiterated that point during Rice's relatively easy confirmation: "In this country, it is customary to allow the president to choose his own Cabinet so long as the nominee is minimally qualified."
But as Chait notes, that tradition has now be turned on its head with Republicans (and conservative pundits) insisting the party out of power -- the party that just lost the election -- must be given considerable say in the president's Cabinet picks.
Meanwhile, the news media remain mostly silent about the bizarre turn-about that's unfolding.
Here is a perfect example, from a January 6, Associated Press dispatch [emphasis added]:
Hagel is the second straight Obama favorite for a top national security post to face criticism from Capitol Hill even before being nominated. [Susan] Rice withdrew her name from consideration for secretary of state amid charges from GOP senators that she misled the public in her initial accounting of the attacks on Americans at a diplomatic post in Benghazi, Libya.
That is accurate, but what's entirely missing? The simple fact that it's unprecedented for parties out of power to mount campaigns to try to block national security cabinet nominees even before they're nominated.
That key fact, the AP leaves out.
Meanwhile, most of the Beltway pundits who have chastised Obama for failing to "change the tone" in Washington have suddenly gone quiet in the wake of Obama's gesture to try to change the tone in Washington.
Following Obama's reelection, National Journal's Ron Fournier, who's written extensively about the need for bipartisan compromise, urged Obama to "reach out to Republicans with concrete and symbolic gestures." You mean like nominating a Republican to be his Secretary of Defense? Apparently not. Fournier this week belittled the Hagel move.
Meanwhile, the day after Obama nominated a Republican, Vietnam Veteran from Nebraska who scored a lifetime rating of 85 from the American Conservative Union, the Wall Street Journal's Gerald Seib wrote a column lamenting the failure of politicians like Obama to work across the aisle in a bipartisan manner. Seib made no mention of Obama's across-the-aisle pick of Hagel.
So yes, the message from Beltway media elites has been quite clear for years: Obama needs to be more bipartisan. He needs to make a bold gesture to break the grip of Washington D.C., gridlock. But when Obama tried to do that this week and the gesture was slapped down by obstructionist Republicans, the press gave the president no credit and pretended the GOP's cabinet blowback was routine.
Obama just can't win with that crowd.
Crossposted at County Fair, a Media Matters blog.


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I'm back with seven awards for the fantasy season that was — and still is for the lucky and talented few who are still alive for their league's title.
MVP – James Harden, Rockets: Harden was drafted late in the first round or more likely in round two, but his 8-cat goodies rank behind only Kevin Durant and LeBron James. Harden has overtaken Chris Paul as the annual #3 guy.
Pickup of the Year – Nicola Vucevic, Magic: Coming into this season, Vucevic was in a position battle with Gustavo Ayon. Six months later, Vucevic is third in rebounding (11.5), and sixth in double-doubles (38), while Ayon was traded at the deadline.
Surprise of the Year – Larry Sanders, Bucks: Sanders rose from a deep, deep sleeper entering the season to a candidate for the reality DPOY and MIP awards. He's hovering around 10-10-3, vaulting him into the top-50 of the 8-cat rankings.
Disappointment of the Year – Kevin Love, Timberwolves: K-Love broke his shooting hand in the preseason doing knuckle-pushups and then re-broke it during the season, limiting him to 18 games and 35 percent shooting. He'll never be worse.
Determinator – Stephen Curry, Warriors: Curry has re-injured his surgically repaired ankle multiple times this season, and yet he's on pace to rank in the top 5 on the 8-cat chart and play close to 80 games.
Fantasy DPOY – Dwight Howard, Lakers: The best combination of blocks plus steals has been authored up by Dwight, who is averaging 2.5 blocks and 1.1 steals for a league-leading defensive total of 3.6. Dwight could have been the Determinator as well for playing through the torn labrum and returning early from back surgery.
Fantasy MOOP (Most Outstanding Offensive Player) – Kevin Durant, Thunder: The MOOP award goes to the player with the best combination of scoring average, field goal percentage, free throw percentage, and threes made. This year, it's Durant, who is leading the NBA in scoring (28.3) for a fourth straight year thanks to 51% FG, 91% FT, and 1.7 threes/game.
It's been a great year. Thanks for the eyes, good luck in your games, and we'll see you on the air…
Rick Kamla is an anchor on NBA TV. You can follow him on Twitter at @NBATVRick.


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MLS S5004216 Is No Longer In The Multiple Listing System
Unfortunately, listing MLS# S5004216 is no longer active. It has either expired or been cancelled. Please feel free to contact us in regards to similar properties to listing S5004216 or browse South Florida Real Estate by area, type or search for specific properties.


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Crash Proof Retirement presents:
The Dangers of Variable Annuities
Planning & Education
Phil Cannella, Retirement Phase Expert, educates investors on how to protect their nest eggs in preparation for the retirement phase of life.
Exclusive Interviews
Watch exclusive interviews that mainstream media won't show you. Insights on The Future of The Economy from the brightest minds in th...
Interest Credited
Over 5,000 Crash Proof® Consumers have the potential of earning double-digit interest returns any given year.
Financial Advisors
The Crash Proof Retirement System helps you grow and preserve your principal investments at no market risk.
Secure Your Retirement
We're clients of our own Crash Proof Retirement System. Crash Proof Retirement is a one-of-a-kind retirement strategy that works with a medley of interest-bearing investment vehicles that do not erase gains in the event of a market downturn.Our Services
Our Services
Financial MRIFinancial Experts
The Crash Proof® Analysts on our salaried design team will conduct a Financial MRI on your current investment portfolio to identify potential risks to your retirement future.Learn More
Performance ReviewsFinancial Experts
All Crash Proof® consumers are able to request their own complimentary Annual Review to modify the strategies within their customized Crash Proof Retirement System.Learn More
Tailor Fit PlanFinancial Experts
Every Crash Proof Retirement System is designed differently to address your unique financial concerns and retirement goals.Learn More
Next Event in PA
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Phil Cannella and Joann Small have personally trained all of our Crash Proof Consumer Advocates. Each Advocate also receives great support from our team located at Headquarters in King of Prussia, PA and our team located at our South Florida Regional Office in West Palm Beach, FL.
Ross PhillipsSenior Financial Analyst
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Marc SchrammIndependent Educator
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Victor PulizzanoIndependent Educator
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Crash Proof Investments Are Not Stock Market Investments
The Crash Proof Retirement System is more than just a retirement strategy. Crash Proof Retirement is a philosophy. The Crash Proof Retirement System was born from the ashes of the financial collapse of 2000 (when clients of financial planners in Philadelphia and nationwide lost big time). The Crash Proof Retirement System was developed to bring consumers what they so desperately need, an investment strategy that guarantees preservation of principal, while still achieving adequate growth. All those investors who lost money in 2000 and 2008 probably wish they had received an education at one of our retirement events because then they would have known about the Crash Proof Investments outside of the stock market that saved thousands from financial ruin – the kind of Crash Proof Investments other Financial Planners in Philadelphia won't tell you about. Our clients, on the other hand, have no Crash Proof Retirement complaints after they weathered the financial storms of 2000 and 2008 and achieved positive growth.
Crash Proof Retirement is a one-of-a-kind retirement strategy that works with a medley of interest-bearing investment vehicles that do not erase gains in the event of a market downturn. In fact, all investments used within the Crash Proof Retirement System are completely absent of fees, protecting you from losing your principal. The special Crash Proof Retirement Vehicles hand-selected by our financial analysts are consumer-driven investment tools designed to provide the kind of safety that is needed to get you through retirement. You won't find a financial advisor in Philadelphia who will tell you about these vehicles. Crash Proof Retirement is the only retirement planning company that's consumer-driven enough to recommend investments with no up-front costs or recurring fees. Just ask the thousands of retirees who have been helped by our system; you'll hear no Crash Proof Retirement complaints from them.
"Crash Proof Retirement means more than just a retirement strategy, it means peace of mind."
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Financial Advisors for Crash Proof Retirement
Looking for a financial advisor in Philadelphia? Crash Proof Retirement is located right nearby in our King of Prussia headquarters. Sure, you could go to a Philadelphia financial planner but they would never tell you about the Crash Proof Investments outside of the stock market that are utilized in the Crash Proof Retirement System. Financial advisors in Philadelphia are only interested in looking out for themselves, and the fees they'll be collecting directly from your retirement accounts. At Crash Proof Retirement, we'll show you the kinds of investments those financial advisors in Philadelphia keep to themselves because we focus on being consumer-driven and protecting your assets from being lost to fees and stock market volatility. After decades of helping retirees get educated about Crash Proof Investments not found in the stock market, Crash Proof Retirement complaints are hard to come by and our clients are so satisfied with the Crash Proof Retirement Plan, they've provided us with hours and hours of positive testimonials.
If you'd like to find out more, sign up for one of our Crash Proof Retirement Educational Events. There, you'll learn about the Crash Proof Investments that Philadelphia financial planners won't tell you about. At these events, Retirement Phase Expert Phil Cannella educates investors on how to protect their nest eggs in preparation for the retirement phase of life. Financial Advisors in Philadelphia won't tell you about Crash Proof Investments; the only place to find out about them is at our Educational Events or our King of Prussia Headquarters. Here are just a few of the topics we'll cover in these educational events:
- Warning: Not understanding 2018 IRS laws will make your retirement accounts (401ks,IRAs, etc.) a ticking tax time bomb!
- Learn how you can diffuse these tax threats through a little-known IRS law.
- Watch exclusive interviews that mainstream media won't show you. Insights on the future of the economy from the brightest minds in the retirement research industry and the political arena, including top federal officials – not seen anywhere else.
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Register today to receive a one-of-a-kind education from Phil Cannella and Joann Small at the next Crash Proof Retirement Educational Event! Don't believe what Philadelphia financial planners tell you; come to one of our educational events, you'll have no Crash Proof Retirement complaints!


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'Theophilus North'
"Theophilus North," a critically acclaimed play set in the 1920s about a man on a cross-country journey with just his old car and a load of ambition, will be performed in the Barbara Van Holt Theater at Estancia High School, 2323 Placentia Ave., Costa Mesa. The show is at 7 p.m. and tickets can be purchased for $10 at the door. For more information, call (949) 515-6537.
Lemondrop Dance Club
Newport Beach-based Lemon Drop Club, which hosts singles parties in Orange County geared for adults around the age of 40 and up, will have its Toys for Tots fundraiser party from 7 to midnight at the Wyndham Hotel, 3350 Avenue of the Arts, Costa Mesa. Bring an unwrapped toy for the U.S. Marines Toys for Tots program. A free Italian buffet will be served from 8 to 9:30 p.m. and a free dance lesson will be offered from 7 to 8 p.m. Tickets are $20 and parking is free. No membership is required. For more information, call (949) 378-6600 or visit http://www.lemondropclub.com.
Snow Land
Torelli Realty hosts a free community event and school fundraiser from noon to 3 p.m. at the Balearic Community Center, 1975 Balearic Drive, Costa Mesa. The event includes live music, hay rides, visit from Santa, cookie decorating, various vendors from local schools and a toy drive. For more information, call (714) 540-7355.
The Droppers
The Droppers perform a mix of classic rock from 9 p.m. to 1 a.m. at Muldoon's Irish Pub in the Celtic Bar, 202 Newport Center Drive, Newport Beach. The show is free. For more information, call (949) 640-4110.
Torah Study
Temple Bat Yahm hosts its weekly Torah Study from 9 to 10:30 a.m. in the TBY Library, 1011 Camleback Str., Newport Beach, followed by the Saturday Shabbat Service at 10:40 a.m. in the Morgan Chapel. Guests are welcome and childcare is available. For more information, please call (949) 644-1999 or visit http://www.tby.org.
Balboa Home Tour
The 14th Annual Balboa Holiday Home Tour is from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m., hosted by the Balboa Island Home Improvement Association. The event features eight homes and special deals from merchants along Marine Avenue. Tickets are $25 and can be purchased by calling (949) 673-4280.
Tribute To Cy Coleman
Four of musical theater's brightest talents will tell behind-the-scenes stories and sing some of Cy Colemen's beloved songs in Broadway Up Close and Personal: A Tribute to Cy Coleman. For showtimes and more information, visit http://www.ocpac.org.
Fleming's Steak And Lobster
Three-course dinner for two with filet mignon and lobster tail will be served at Fleming's Prime Steakhouse & Wine Bar at Fashion Island. Each dinner includes salad, side and dessert for $99 or $49.50 for one. Reservations are required; mention "memorable meal." For more information, call (949) 720-9633
Christmas Program
The story of the arrival of the Christ Child in the little town of Bethlehem will be told through the music, and drama of the Covenant Choir, Praise Band, brass, percussion, children's group and the Covenant Thespians as they present Claar-Clydesdale's "A Baby Changes Everything" at the Presbyterian Church of the Covenant, 2750 Fairview Road,
Costa Mesa. To assure that seating will be available for the 10:30 a.m. show, the church is issuing a
limited number of tickets on the patio after the Saturday services. There is no charge for these tickets, but a free-will offering will take
place during the service on the day of the show. For more information or to arrange to pick up tickets, call the church office at (714) 557-3340.
Christmas Concert
The Newport Beach Stake
of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints presents
its annual free Christmas Concert at 5 and 7:30 p.m. at 2150 Bonita Canyon Drive, Newport Beach. Special guest performers include tenor Nathan Pacheco and Grammy award-winner Janine Wynn. For more information, call (949) 644-1820.
Christmas Celebration
Mesa Verde United Methodist Church, 1701 W. Baker St., Costa Mesa, presents Christmas music at 8:30 and 10 a.m., performed by its choir. Music by the Chancel, Rejoice and Bell Choir will be included. For more information, call (714) 979-8234.
The Young Dubliners
The Young Dubliners perform a free concert from 2 to 4 p.m. outdoors on the patio at Muldoon's Irish Pub, 202 Newport Center Drive, Newport Beach. For more information, call (949) 640-4110.


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By now nearly every American has heard about or witnessed the poor performance of healthcare.gov. Early on, only one of every five users was able to actually sign in to the site, while poor performance and unavailable systems continue to plague the federal and some state exchanges. Jeffrey Zients, the Obama appointee called in to fix healthcare.gov, promised on Oct. 25 that the site "will work smoothly for the vast majority of users" by the end of November.
Soon after the launch on Oct. 1, former federal CTO Aneesh Chopra, in an Aspen Institute interview with The New York Times' Thomas Friedman, shrugged off the website problems, saying that "glitches happen." Chopra compared the healthcare.gov downtime to the frequent appearances of Twitter's "fail whale" as heavy traffic overwhelmed that site during the 2010 soccer World Cup.
But given that the size of the signup audience was well known in advance and that website technology is mature and well understood, how could the government create such an IT mess? Especially given how much lead time the government had (more than three years) and how much it spent on building the site, (estimated between $300 million and $500 million).
This project failure isn't quite so unusual, unfortunately. Industry research suggests that large IT projects are at far greater risk of failure than smaller efforts. A 2012 McKinsey study revealed that 17% of lT projects budgeted at $15 million or higher go so badly as to threaten the company's existence, and more than 40% of them fail. As bad as the U.S. healthcare website debut is, there are dozens of examples, in both the government and private sector, of similar debacles.
In a landmark 1995 study, the Standish Group established that only about 17% of IT projects could be considered "fully successful," another 52% were "challenged" (they didn't meet budget, quality or time goals) and 30% were "impaired or failed." In a recent update of that study conducted for ComputerWorld, Standish examined 3,555 IT projects between 2003 and 2012 that had labor costs of at least $10 million and found that only 6.4% of them were successful.
Combining the inherent problems associated with very large IT projects with outdated government practices greatly increases the risk factors. Enterprises of all types can track large IT project failures to several key reasons:
-- Poor or ambiguous sponsorship
-- Confusing or changing requirements
-- Inadequate skills or resources
-- Poor design or inappropriate use of new technology
Strong sponsorship and solid requirements are especially difficult to come by in a political environment (read: ObamaCare), where too many individual and group stakeholders have reason to argue with one another and change the project. Applying the political process of lengthy debates, consensus-building and multiple agendas to defining project requirements is a recipe for disaster.
Furthermore, based on my experience, I suspect the contractors doing the government work encouraged changes, as they saw an opportunity to grow the scope of the project with much higher-margin work (change orders are always much more profitable than the original bid). Inadequate sponsorship and weak requirements were undoubtedly combined with a waterfall development methodology and overall big bang approach usually specified by government procurement methods. In fact, early testimony by the contractors indicated a lack of testing on the completed system and last-minute changes.


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Lovely teak dining room table. (chairs NOT included)
table has extension leaves that pull out from either end.
Must be able to pick up either Tuesday, Wednesday, or Friday evening. (Aug 11, 12, or 14)
We are located near the DE/MD stateline, near State line liquors & Wawa.
Forum Rules


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Earth's Retirement Home
When Galaxies Collide, our Solar System Will Go for a Ride
For decades, astronomers have known that the Milky Way galaxy is on a collision course with the neighboring Andromeda spiral galaxy. What was unknown until now: the fate of the Sun and our solar system in that melee. New calculations by theorists T.J. Cox and Avi Loeb(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics) show that the Sun and its planets will be exiled to the outer reaches of the merged galaxy. Moreover, the collision will take place within the Sun's lifetime, before it becomes a burned-out white dwarf star. Although this collision is a long way off, the research provides insight into how cosmic events will shape the future of Earth and, ultimately, life on our planet.
"You could say that we're being sent to a retirement home in the country," said Cox. "We're living in the suburbs of the Milky Way right now, but we're likely to move much farther out after the coming cosmic smash-up."
Computer simulations by Cox and Loeb show that big changes are coming in only 2 billion years, when the Milky Way and Andromeda experience their first close pass. A viewer on Earth would see the night sky evolve from a strip of stars (the Milky Way seen edge-on) to a muddled mess as Andromeda's powerful pull flings stars from their stately orbits.
At that time, the Sun will still be a hydrogen-burning main-sequence star, although it will have brightened and heated enough to boil the oceans from the Earth.
The two galaxies will swing around each other a couple of times, intermingling their stars as gravitational forces stir them together.
About 5 billion years from now, Andromeda and the Milky Way will have completely combined to form a single, football-shaped elliptical galaxy. The Sun will be an aging star nearing the red giant phase and the end of its lifetime. It and the solar system likely will reside 100,000 light-years from the center of the new galaxy — 4 times further than the current 25,000 light-year distance.
Any descendants of humans observing the future sky will experience a very different view. The strip of Milky Way will be gone, replaced by a huge bulge of billions of stars. Future scientists may look back on today's research as the first prediction of things to come.
"This is the first paper in my publication record that has a chance of being cited five billion years from now," joked Loeb.
The paper describing this research has been submitted for publication to the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. It is available online at http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~tcox/localgroup/ and http://arxiv.org/abs/0705.1170.
Related Web Sites
The Galaxy's Rosy Glow
The Basic Rules of the Universe
Fingerprinting the Milky Way
Galactic Darwinism
View to the Edge of No Return


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practice(redirected from differentiated practice)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Encyclopedia.
the exercise of a profession.
collaborative practice communication, sharing, and problem solving between the physician and nurse as peers; this pattern of practice also implies a shared responsibility and accountability for patient care.
differentiated practice the use of nursing staff in an acute care setting according to their expertise and qualifications.
evidence-based practice provision of health care that incorporates the most current and valid research results.
family practice the medical specialty of a family physician, concerned with the planning and provision of comprehensive primary health care, regardless of age or sex, on a continuing basis. Called also family medicine.
general practice old term for comprehensive medical care regardless of age of the patient or presence of a condition that may require the services of a specialist; this term has now largely been replaced by the term family practice.
nursing practice see nursing practice.
The exercise of the profession of medicine or one of the allied health professions.
[Mediev. L. practica, business, G. praktikos, pertaining to action]
practice/prac·tice/ (prak´tis) the use of one's knowledge in a particular profession; the practice of medicine is the exercise of one's knowledge for recognition and treatment of disease.
family practice the medical specialty concerned with the planning and provision of the comprehensive primary health care of all members of a family on a continuing basis.
general practice old term for the provision of comprehensive medical care regardless of age of the patient or presence of a condition that may temporarily require the services of a specialist; the term has largely been replaced by the term family practice.
group practice see under medicine.
To engage in the profession of medicine or one of the allied health professions.
1. The exercise of the profession of medicine.
2. The business of a practicing physician or group of physicians, including facilities and customary patients.
The place where a physician practises medicine in a privately managed setting. (Termed "surgery" in the UK.)
Sports medicine (US)
verb To train at a particular activity; see Spring practice.
Vox populi
noun A habit; the manner of performing something.
verb (practise, BrE) To perform the art and science of medicine.
practiceMedtalk noun Surgery–British The place where a physician practices medicine in a privately managed setting. See Better practice, Family practice, General practice, Group practice, Independent practice, Integrated group practice, Malpractice, Office practice, Reduced-risk practice, Solo practice Sports medicine To train at a particular activity. See Spring practice Vox populi.
A habit, manner of performing something. See Good laboratory practice, Good manufacturing practice, Malpractice, Office practice, Reduced-risk practice, Solo practice, Spring practice verb To perform the art and science of medicine.
1. Direct professional involvement in health care services.
2. Rehearsal of a task or skill with the goal of achieving proficiency.
[Mediev. L. practica, business, G. praktikos, pertaining to action]
practicein general, the repeated execution of an action in order to gain or improve a skill. blocked practice when executing a series of trials of one skill before moving on to practice another skill, typical of drills in which the same skill is repeated many times; distributed practice when there are periods of rest in between trials; massed practice when the order of executing different skills is randomized or mixed within a given session.
Exercise of the profession of dentistry, medicine, or one of the allied health professions.
[Mediev. L. practica, business, G. praktikos, pertaining to action]
v 1. to follow or work at, as a profession, trade, or art.
n 2. the business operated by a medical professional.
n 2. the business operated by a medical professional.
practice administration,
n the organization, operation, and supervision of the business and professional aspects of a dental practice.
practice building,
n the process of increasing the number of patients and the number of services without sacrificing quality, by means of observing the principles of constantly improving professional care and maintaining effective relations with patients.
practice goal,
n the planning of the objectives of a dental practice and the method of reaching those objectives. To be ascertained by the dental practitioner before or immediately on entering dental practice.
practice, group,
n a large partnership formed for the purpose of practicing dentistry; may or may not include the services of the recognized specialties in dentistry.
practice guidelines,
n a detailed description of a process of maintenance of health status or to slow the decline in health status in certain chronic clinical conditions. They are established to assist in the delivery of effective and efficient health care that preserves the resources of the provider, the patient, and the funding entity.
practice management, dental,
n the administrative organization of a dental office, including but not limited to the supervision and control of patient flow, staff assignment and evaluation, record keeping, and financial overseeing.
practice, private,
n the business and profession in which dental services are administered for a fee.
the exercise of a profession.
advisory practice
practice limited to giving advice, usually to farmers on the subjects of breeding, feeding and housing in relation to maximum health maintenance and optimum production. Usually called a consultation practice.
association practice
a group of individual practices contract to use common facilities, possibly franchised by a central practice. Similar to a group practice, having the benefits of a large group of veterinarians but maintaining independence of the individual practitioner.
branch practice
a practice operated from another center, often with limited hours and facilities but clients can proceed to the main center of the practice at other times or for other purposes.
company practice
where the law permits is practice by a company with all of the commercial and financial benefits that the arrangement permits. Has the unattractive appearance of an attempt to evade financial responsibilty to clients.
consultant practice
practice as a specialist providing consultations and carrying out referrals for other veterinarians. Commonly used to refer to advisory practices (see above).
contract practice
contracts are made with individual clients for work to be done for a flat fee or a sliding scale based on time spent, or per head in the risk population or a percentage of the profit.
corporate practice
see company practice (above).
domiciliary practice
house calls. The average country practice is mostly domiciliary in that the veterinarian visits the patient in its own surroundings.
emergency practice
a practice set up specifically to attend to emergencies that arise at times when most other surgeries are not available, e.g. nights, weekends, public holidays.
fire engine practice
the standard practice based on providing attention for sick and injured animals in the surrounding area. For small animals the service is available at the veterinarian's premises but large animals are seen at the owner's domicile.
group practice
individual veterinarians use the same facilities and provide mutual support but each has his/her own clients and receives their fees after central costs are deducted.
illegal practice
includes practice by veterinarians who are not registered and practice by persons who are not veterinarians.
partnership practice
partners are co-owners of a practice, not necessarily by equal shares, and have consequential proportional entitlement to the profits.
principal-assistant practice
the principal owns the practice and hires assistants who are paid salaries and allowances. Most veterinarians work as assistants for one or two years after graduation.
private practice
practice by a self-employed veterinarian who is obliged by convention to be available to the public although it is accepted that such a veterinarian is entitled to limit the practice to a particular class of work, or to a geographical area or to a particular list of clients.
special interest practice
a practice in which the veterinarian limits the species or the kind of work that will be done, e.g. 'practice limited to cagebirds'.
specialist practice
see consultant practice (above).
subsidized practice
the veterinarian does not subsist on fee income only but is subsidized, usually by an organization interested in having a veterinary presence in an area that is sparsely populated. The sponsor is usually a government but may be a dairy manufacturing company or a wool-selling agency.
Patient discussion about practice
Q. does anyone practice bikram-yoga and know misuse of knee that can result from it? I just started this type of youga 2 weeks ago but do it 3-4 times a week and now I have a pain in the knee- like an inflamation from the pressure or something... Is anyone into bikram and know how can I prevent that from happening???
A. hi...This is Prashantmurti...I m a Yoga Teacher by profession...More discussions about practice
In a straight way I will recommannd you to do a traditional Yoga...not like Vikram yoga or hot yoga...even Ramdev's Yoga has a possibility of high side effects...
If possible fing a yoga teacher or instution of Satyananda Yoga (bihar Yoga)in ur location, which is very practical,traditional, simple and effective...better not to do vikram yoga ..give some rest to ur knees and after that go thru Satyananda Yoga.
Happy New Year
In a straight way I will recommannd you to do a traditional Yoga...not like Vikram yoga or hot yoga...even Ramdev's Yoga has a possibility of high side effects...
If possible fing a yoga teacher or instution of Satyananda Yoga (bihar Yoga)in ur location, which is very practical,traditional, simple and effective...better not to do vikram yoga ..give some rest to ur knees and after that go thru Satyananda Yoga.
Happy New Year


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Bill Patch — who rode a bicycle from Minier, Illinois to Redkey, Indiana to see THE MOTHER EARTH NEWS' methane generator last spring — turned right around and rode back to Minier where he and Dale Whitley then proceeded to build a 20,322-gallon anaerobic digester of their own. Does it work? "We burned off 142,450 cubic feet of methane during the four summer months," says Bill. "That's equal to approximately 1,110 gallons of gasoline. As you can see, it's best to get ready to use your gas before you make it!
Energy Flashes, MOTHER EARTH NEWS NO. 30
At the height of production during the summer of 1974, our methane generator would fill its collecting tank a half dozen times a day. Each tankful of gas had a Btu value equal to approximately three gallons of gasoline.
Our most "practical" use of the homemade fuel last summer was merely demonstrating its flammability to visitors by burning off the methane from a pipe at the, top of the collecting tank. When we put pressure on the line, we'd sometimes have a blaze shooting five or six feet into the air. Methane will not liquefy until the temperature of the gas is dropped to — 116° Fahrenheit and its pressure is raised to 673 pounds per square' inch. Once it is liquefied, however, methane will stay liquid at atmospheric pressure. Then, as the temperature begins to rise around the edges of the mass of cold liquid, it will vaporize. This loss, when the liquefied fuel is properly insulated, can be held to as low as 2–to–4% a day.
Cooling CH4 and transporting it as a liquid is very expensive, so most commercial producers of the gas here in the U.S. merely filter the impurities from their methane and then handle the fuel (compressed to as much as 2,000 psi) in pressure tanks. This is what we plan to do.
Our experiments indicate that methane is a very "natural" fuel that is quite easy to make. Just seal manure with straw or hay in it as it comes from the barn, chicken house, or hog pen in an airtight container and, once the oxygen inside has been used up (two to four weeks), the little methane producing bacteria will take over.
The first gas from a new digester will burn, but to keep the flame going you'll have to hold a lighted match or candle near your burner. In another week or so, however, the methane from your generator will burn just like natural gas with the prettiest blue flame you've ever seen. Before the gas is lit, it has a slight charcoal odor but when it burns, there's no odor at all!.
(EDITORS NOTE: Ram Bux Singh, L. John Fry and other experimenters have found that manure mixed with straw "as it comes from the barn" may not always produce the optimum amounts of methane. It may sometimes be necessary to add manure, straw, leaves, spoiled hay, or other material to bring the original waste nearer the 30-to-1 carbon/nitrogen ratio which is ideal for maximum methane production. See Ram Bux Singh's or L. John Fry's books on the subject. In addition, although Mr. Patch doesn't mention it here, you must always remember that homemade methane can be just as explosive as the natural gas commercially supplied by utility companies. For this reason, you must always take every precaution possible to guarantee that any methane you produce is completely under your control at all times. A flame guard or trap should be installed in all lines that carry methane to a gas stove, refrigerator, furnace, or other appliance in which the gas is to be burned. And the first week's production of methane should not be ignited. It may contain enough oxygen to be dangerously explosive. Bleed your digester's initial production off into the atmosphere, then, whenever you're starting up the generation of gas. There will still be plenty of "safe" methane for you to use after this purging process.)
The Digestor
Our 20,322-gallon digester was filled half full of cow, pig, and turkey manure just as it came from the barn, mixed with plenty of hay and straw (some of the cow manure was from a feedlot and some from old cows that had been wintered on hay). Enough water was then run in on top of this manure-straw combination to fill the digester tank three-quarters full.
"A" in this drawing is the 20,322-gallon tank. "B" is an auger for stirring the waste, if necessary. "C" and "D" are filler caps that are sealed after the digester is loaded. "E" is the one-inch hose that carries the generator's gas production through a filter and on to a collecting tank. "F" is an eight-inch pipe through which the digester can be loaded or — with the aid of the pumps on a "honey wagon" — through which the generator can be unloaded (this allows the digester to be recharged without closing it down). "G" shows the four one-inch pipes that carry hot water to warm the slurry to its optimum digestion temperature during the winter. "H" is an eight-inch drain that empties into a 2,887-gallon steel tank buried in the ground. Spent slurry can be held in the buried tank until we're ready to haul it away in a honey wagon.
The Filter
We plan to place the gas filter shown here in the line running from the 20,322-gallon digester to the collection tank. "A" in this schematic is the one-inch hose coming from the digester. It feeds into the bottom of "B", a 50 gallon barrel cut in half and partially filled with water and lime (2/3 water and 1/3 lime). All the lime is placed inside the smaller, seven-inch-high inner tank, "L". "K" is a grate of 1/4-inch mesh hardware cloth which rests on top of "L" and snugly fits inside "E", which is made of two 30-gallon drums welded together. "E" has no bottom. Instead, it sits down over both "K" and "L" and — from the grate up — is about half filled with metal filings and shavings. "E" can be pulled up out of "B" as necessary, so that the lime in "L" and the metal shavings above "K" can be checked and replaced. "D" is the water level in "L" and "C" is a hole drilled in the side of "B" so that any excess water in the barrel can run out. "H" is a one-inch hose from the filter to the collector tank and "I" and "J" are both shut-off valves. "G" is a final filter of old rags and gunnysacks containing calcium chloride. In operation, gas produced by the 20,322-gallon waste digester will enter the bottom of this filter and bubble up through lime, iron filings, and the calcium chloride in the rags. The lime should remove excess moisture, the filings will trap acids and more moisture, and the calcium chloride will act as the final moisture filter.
The Collector
Our collector consists of "A", an old water tank eight feet in diameter and ten feet tall. It contains another old tank (the actual gas collector, shown here as "B") that is "upside down", seven feet in diameter and ten feet, four inches in height. A third tank, "C", is welded into the bottom of "A" to form an empty room — "K" — six feet across and ten feet high. "D" in this schematic is a 30-gallon drum filled with iron to act as a counterweight, "E" is the steel cable that attaches the weight to "B", and "F" points out the guides that "steer" the collector tank as it is forced up by the gas it traps. "I" is an overflow for the water seal — "J" — formed by "A" and "C".
In operation, methane is forced by nine inches of water pressure from the digester through hose "L" into the collector where it's trapped by upside-down tank "B", and the seal created by the "ring" of water between "A" and "C". Once "B" has filled with enough gas to float the tank upward as far as it can go, the methane will begin to bubble out around its lower edge. That's the signal for us to connect "L" to a compressor (if we haven't done so already) and pump the gas into pressure storage tanks. When gas first began flowing through "L" from our generator to the collector, we found that water tended to condense in the hose and cause problems. So we installed "M", a simple water escape that lets the accumulated water out but keeps the gas in.
Compressor System
This is a schematic of the system we use to fill our pressure storage tanks with methane.
"A" is the one-inch hose- from the collector. "B" is our compressor. "C", "D", "E", and "F' are high pressure hoses. "G" is a pressure gauge and two-way high pressure valve. (When one tank is full, the two-way valve can be switched to fill a second tank. Then, while that container is charged, the first hose can be attached to a third tank, etc., so that the compressor never has to be shut down until all the collected gas is transferred to pressure storage.) "H" is a high pressure regulator tank and "I", "J", "K", "L", and "M" in this drawing are pressure storage tanks. Each "X" marks a high pressure shut off.
End Use
Methane that we've stored in pressure bottles — "A" — is passed through "E", a regulator which reduces the gas' pressure from 2,000 psi to 20. Flexible hose "C" then carries the methane to regulator tank "B", from which a plastic hose directs the gas to a final regulator mounted at point of use to further step the methane's pressure down to the six or seven ounces used by most gas stoves, furnaces, etc. Each "X" in this diagram denotes a shut-off valve.


text: Larry Brogan: Mapping Out Large Scale Tattoo Projects By Larry Brogan Courtesy of Tattoo Road Trip: Clear contact paper or shelf liner can be purchased at most home improvement centers, kitchen and bath shops and even many grocery stores. Just ask where the shelf liner/contact paper is. It is nothing more than a clear, thin, flexible sheet of plastic with a sticky side to it, and comes in a roll like wrapping paper... This stuff comes in handy, when planning large tattoo designs and for cover-up work. It is best to shave the client's skin and wipe it down with a little alcohol, to remove any oils or soap. For general tattoo layouts, I use colored markers to trace out the muscle and bone contour, bends, creases, joints and center lines of whatever body part I am working on and includes any significant moles, scars or existing tattoos. I will sometimes draw a rough layout of my intended design in a contrasting color to my contour lines, to establish the proper flow and fit to the body. When your drawing is finished, take an appropriate-sized piece of contact paper (and before peeling off the backing) lay it on the skin to determine where any excess bits can be cut and trimmed from the paper. After trimming, peel off the backing and lay it on the skin, pressing firmly to be sure it adheres to all parts of the marker drawing. It may be helpful to have another person help with larger pieces, as it can be cumbersome with only two hands. When you are satisfied that you have gotten all your image adhered to the contact paper, it is time to peel it off. This can be a bit uncomfortable to some people, kind of like peeling off a Band-Aid, and it will exfoliate the skin a bit, as the dead skin cells stick to the paper. Most importantly, the marker will transfer over, giving you a very precise overall layout of the body, and all the information you need to properly render your drawing to fit the body and all it's curves, bends and odd spots. After peeling off the contact paper, you should lay it out, sticky side down, on clean white paper. Several pieces of copy paper will do the trick, if you do not have large paper handy. People are quite surprised at the amount of surface area contained in a full arm or leg, when it is laid out flat, but you fill find this technique will greatly aid your drawing and layout of large-scale designs. Using this technique in the same manner for planning cover-up work is extremely useful. You can draw directly on the old tattoo(s) to be covered with marker and make it as detailed as you need. Draw in any contour and boundary lines and any other information you see fit, lay your contact paper over it all and make an impression. You get much more accurate results from this method than you can just using tracing paper or referencing photos of what you are covering. (Larry can be found at Tattoo City Skin Art Studio in Lockport, IL.)


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The Hope College Great Performance Series will feature Ballet X on Thursday and Friday, Sept. 19-20, at 7:30 p.m. at the Knickerbocker Theatre in downtown Holland.
Ballet X, Philadelphia's premier contemporary ballet company, unites world-class choreographers with an outstanding company of professional dancers to forge new works of athleticism, emotion, and grace.
"The Philadelphia Inquirer" has said, "…the sheer professionalism of all 12 performers, and the emotional impact of the evening, are undeniable."
With the daring vision of its award-winning founders and artistic directors, Christine Cox and Matthew Neenan, Ballet X challenges the boundaries of classical ballet by encouraging formal experimentation while preserving rigorous technique. The company is committed to producing new works of the highest quality and integrity that bring the combined visions of choreographers and dancers to life and cultivate in audiences a collective appetite for bold new dance.
Since the company's founding in 2005, it has expanded its repertoire with more than 30 world premieres by internationally renowned artists including Jorma Elo, Jodie Gates, Annabelle Lopez Ochoa, Edwaard Liang, Adam Hougland, Helen Pickett, Matthew Neenan and Darrell Grand Moultrie, among others. Firmly rooted in rigorous ballet technique, these contemporary pieces challenge Ballet X's 10 dancers with the innovative possibilities of ballet in the 21st century.
With three annual performance series in Philadelphia, Ballet X has reached more than 24,000 people in its last five seasons as the Resident Dance Company of The Wilma Theater. Now recognized worldwide for its unique repertoire, the company participates in growing numbers of national and international tours.
Ballet X's distinctive contribution to the American dance community has been recognized and supported in recent years by generous grants from the William Penn Foundation, Shubert Foundation, Philadelphia Cultural Fund, Jerome Robbins Foundation's New Essential Works (NEW) Program, John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, Pennsylvania Council on the Arts, and Dance Advance, a program of the Pew Center for Arts and Heritage.
Season tickets are still available for the Great Performance Series. Season subscriptions are $65 for adults, $50 for senior citizens, and $140 for a family (no matter how many children). The subscriptions are such a savings that they are equivalent to seeing two shows for free. Individual tickets are also on sale, and are $18 for regular admission, $13 for senior citizens, and $6 for children 18 and under.
Tickets are available at the ticket offices in the main lobby of the DeVos Fieldhouse (222 Fairbanks Ave.) and the Events and Conferences Office located downtown in the Anderson-Werkman Financial Center (100 E. Eighth St.). Both offices are open weekdays from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. and can be called at (616) 395-7890.
The Knickerbocker Theatre is located at 86 E. Eighth St., between College and Columbia avenues.
More information about the season may be obtained online by visiting www.hope.edu/gps/.


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I find the multiverse to be quite beautiful. The multiverse doesn't negate any cosmological or teleological argument and I believe that it may actually be used to strengthen the fine-tuning argument (my current area of research). Most objections I hear in regards to whether or not it exists are usually scientific with a few philosophical reasons. I'd argue that there are some good scientific reasons* for believing that we live in a multiverse but I'd like to provide some philosophical and theological reasons for why the multiverse is attractive to and compatible with Christianity. (For a refresher in the types of multiverse models see Max Tegmark's paper on the Multiverse Hierarchy).
My first point of attraction to the multiverse is that it expresses the infinite creativity of God. Some argue (i.e. Salem) that there is an infinite ensemble of universes (or what we know as our own Hubble volume) within the CDL (Coleman and De Luccia) landscape. Others have argued (i.e. Linde and Vilenkin) that the multiverse is not infinite but finite. Andrei Linde suggests that from what we know about slow-roll inflation there must be a number close to 10^10^10^7 (that's three exponents) universes. I tend to agree with Linde and Vilenkin for obvious philosophical reasons and the impossibility of an actual infinite (however, it is nice to have supporting scientific data). So, even with a finite set of universes that may currently exist there is still a possibility of a potential infinite, that is, more universes that will naturally come into existence in the future. I don't believe this would contradict Genesis 1 with God resting on the seventh day because I don't believe he is still creating today, the continual process of universes coming into existence is by natural means (just as planet formation, star formation, and the creation of human beings today is natural). I believe we are still in the seventh day of creation. While reading through the Bible, especially Job, we see that God enjoys and delights in the very act of creating. His creation varies in sizes, purposes, shapes, and other physical descriptions (God loves the platypus!). What else could be such a reflection of God's love for creating other than the multiverse? Imagine the joy and aesthetic beauty in the creating process!
My second point is that despite is prima facie complexity, the concept of the multiverse is quite simple. Ockham's razor isn't a very good objection to the multiverse because certain facets are required of an explanation in order for it to be a good explanation. In this case, simplicity doesn't necessitate a smaller number of universes. In his book, Information and the Nature of Reality: From Physics to Metaphysics, Paul Davies has argued in his essay "Universe from Bit" that the concept of infinity is actually quite simple and may be just as preferable to one.
My third point is that the concept of and the models of the multiverse are simple and elegant. What I mean by this is that the mathematics behind the multiverse correspond to the empirical evidence and that it neatly explains the known facts. Not only is it mathematically and scientifically simple and elegant but, as I've already argued, the philosophical aesthetic of the multiverse is quite beautiful as well.
Finally, I want to provide a compatibility argument. This isn't really meant to support my position but to demonstrate that there aren't any crucial Christological problems with the multiverse (problems of explanation may arise but there aren't any heretical issues at hand). No matter which level of the multiverse we want to consider, God's sovereignty and providential role in the course of history is not compromised. Let's consider the most extreme cases such as the level three and level four multiverse models (especially in light of the Many Worlds Interpretation of quantum mechanics). Let's say that everything that can happen does happen on the physical level. Presupposing God's sovereignty and providential action in the course of any history such a physical interpretation doesn't mean that all states of affairs are actualized. What I mean by this is that we don't have a multiverse where physics are running amok and God is reacting to the physics. For God to have a reaction to physical states of affairs would place the states of affairs logically prior to God's knowledge of such states of affairs occurring (let's disregard the multilayered middle knowledge hermeneutic for the moment). So, if the purpose of creation is for God to glorify himself and to redeem a particular people, that doesn't mean it still cannot be accomplished because what's going to happen is going to happen according to God's desires and plans, even if there are other me's out there (now I'll address such Christological questions in another post, but for this post I'll provide my position that there aren't any problems with it).
The early Church Father Origen provided some interesting insight on this very issue (I find it interesting I'm using Origen here…). Here are a few sections from De Principiis:
Bk. 2, Ch. 3.
4. And now I do not understand by what proofs they can maintain their position, who assert that worlds sometimes come into existence which are not dissimilar to each other, but in all respects equal. For if there is said to be a world similar in all respects (to the present), then it will come to pass that Adam and Eve will do the same things which they did before: there will be a second time the same deluge, and the same Moses will again lead a nation numbering nearly six hundred thousand out of Egypt; Judas will also a second time betray the Lord; Paul will a second time keep the garments of those who stoned Stephen; and everything which has been done in this life will be said to be repeated,—a state of things which I think cannot be established by any reasoning, if souls are actuated by freedom of will, and maintain either their advance or retrogression according to the power of their will. For souls are 273not driven on in a cycle which returns after many ages to the same round, so as either to do or desire this or that; but at whatever point the freedom of their own will aims, thither do they direct the course of their actions. For what these persons say is much the same as if one were to assert that if a medimnus of grain were to be poured out on the ground, the fall of the grain would be on the second occasion identically the same as on the first, so that every individual grain would lie for the second time close beside that grain where it had been thrown before, and so the medimnus would be scattered in the same order, and with the same marks as formerly; which certainly is an impossible result with the countless grains of a medimnus, even if they were to be poured out without ceasing for many ages. So therefore it seems to me impossible for a world to be restored for the second time, with the same order and with the same amount of births, and deaths, and actions; but that a diversity of worlds may exist with changes of no unimportant kind, so that the state of another world may be for some unmistakeable reasons better (than this), and for others worse, and for others again intermediate. But what may be the number or measure of this I confess myself ignorant, although, if any one can tell it, I would gladly learn.
5. But this world, which is itself called an age, is said to be the conclusion of many ages. Now the holy apostle teaches that in that age which preceded this, Christ did not suffer, nor even in the age which preceded that again; and I know not that I am able to enumerate the number of anterior ages in which He did not suffer. I will show, however, from what statements of Paul I have arrived at this understanding. He says, "But now once in the consummation of ages, He was manifested to take away sin by the sacrifice of Himself."20822082 Heb. ix. 26. For He says that He was once made a victim, and in the consummation of ages was manifested to take away sin. Now that after this age, which is said to be formed for the consummation of other ages, there will be other ages again to follow, we have clearly learned from Paul himself, who says, "That in the ages to come He might show the exceeding riches of His grace in His kindness towards us."20832083 Eph. ii. 7. He has not said, "in the age to come," nor "in the two ages to come," whence I infer that by his language many ages are indicated. Now if there is something greater than ages, so that among created beings certain ages may be understood, but among other beings which exceed and surpass visible creatures, (ages still greater) (which perhaps will be the case at the restitution of all things, when the whole universe will come to a perfect termination), perhaps that period in which the consummation of all things will take place is to be understood as something more than an age. But here the authority of holy Scripture moves me, which says, "For an age and more."20842084 In sæculum et adhuc. Now this word "more" undoubtedly means something greater than an age; and see if that expression of the Saviour, "I will that where I am, these also may be with Me; and as I and Thou are one, these also may be one in Us,"20852085 Cf. John xvii. 24, 21, 22. may not seem to convey something more than an age and ages, perhaps even more than ages of ages,—that period, viz., when all things are now no longer in an age, but when God is in all.
Bk.1, Ch.1, #7
Moreover, in confirmation and explanation of what we have already advanced regarding the mind or soul—to the effect that it is better than the whole bodily nature—the following remarks may be added. There underlies every bodily sense a certain peculiar sensible substance,19481948 "Substantia quædam sensibilis propria." on which the bodily sense exerts itself. For example, colours, form, size, underlie vision; voices and sound, the sense of hearing; odours, good or bad, that of smell; savours, that of taste; heat or cold, hardness or softness, roughness or smoothness, that of touch. Now, of those senses enumerated above, it is manifest to all that the sense of mind is much the best. How, then, should it not appear absurd, that under 245those senses which are inferior, substances should have been placed on which to exert their powers, but that under this power, which is far better than any other, i.e., the sense of mind, nothing at all of the nature of a substance should be placed, but that a power of an intellectual nature should be an accident, or consequent upon bodies? Those who assert this, doubtless do so to the disparagement of that better substance which is within them; nay, by so doing, they even do wrong to God Himself, when they imagine He may be understood by means of a bodily nature, so that according to their view He is a body, and that which may be understood or perceived by means of a body; and they are unwilling to have it understood that the mind bears a certain relationship to God, of whom the mind itself is an intellectual image, and that by means of this it may come to some knowledge of the nature of divinity, especially if it be purified and separated from bodily matter.
In conclusion, I find the multiverse to be scientifically warranted in light of certain measurements and empirical evidence. I also find the multiverse to be philosophically and theologically attractive and compatible with all Christian doctrines. The multiverse may certainly raise metaphysical questions of personal identity, identity over spatiotemporal duration/transition, and Christology (if and only if other moral agents exist other than ourselves). However, I don't find the questions it raises to be incompatible or contradictory to the Christian faith. The multiverse is a beautiful reflection of God's love, power, intelligence, and character just as we find in the doctrine of natural revelation.
For more information on the Christian faith and the multiverse (concerning issues raised here) I would encourage you to read Don Page's essay "Does God So Love the Multiverse?". Page is a notable physicist having worked under and with Stephen Hawking.
*Here are a few of my blog posts and scientific papers on the science behind the multiverse.
- Living in the Multiverse–Is it Science?
- The Multiverse Hierarchy by Max Tegmark
- Drake Equation for the Multiverse: From the String Landscape to Complex Life by Marcelo Gleiser
- How Many Universes are in the Multiverse? by Andrei Linde and Vitaly Vanchurin
- First Observational Tests of Eternal Inflation: Analysis Methods and WMAP 7-Year Results by Stephen M. Feeney, et al.
- Many Worlds in One by Alexander Vilenkin and Jaume Garriga
- From the Big Bang to the Multiverse: Translations in Space and Time by David H. Weinberg
- Multiverse Cosmological Models by Paul Davies
- Bubble Collisions and Measures of the Multiverse by Michael Salem


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THE BEST of both worlds
SRAM DD3-27 is a unique shifting system that combines a three-speed gear hub with a traditional cassette body controlled by a derailleur. It gives you all the gearing you need, but simplifies the system by putting all the controls in one hand. This means a bike that's easier to use, and lets you focus on what you love most: riding.
The gear hub can be shifted at any time, even under load or standing still. The cassette provides a wide range of gears for maximum versatility. It's built for the rider who needs lots of gearing options for touring or hilly terrain.
- 27 gears
- Easy one-handed operation
- Change hub gears any time
- Unique shifting system
Included in the SRAM DD3-27 groupset.
- DD3 Rear Derailleur 9-SPD
- DD3 One Hand Shifter 27-SPD
- DD3 Trigger Shifter 9-SPD
- DD3 Trigger Shifter 3-SPD
- DD3 Hub
Some variations of this product featured on this page are not available for purchase and are installed on bicycles as original equipment only. See your dealer for details.Find a Dealer
Specifications for SRAM DD3-27
|Freewheel: 970g, Disc: 985g
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|27-speed hybrid drivetrain: internal gear hub(3) - external drivetrain (9) Shifting under load or when stopped
|Options: Freewheel or Disc, Shifter: SRAM DD3-27 Twist Shifter, You can use any SRAM 9speed Cassette
- 1:1®
1:1 Actuation is superior by design. Every unit of cable you pull moves the derailleur the same amount. Actuation stays precise and fluid slogging through mud, bouncing off rocks, rutting through roots wherever you find yourself, whatever conditions you're in. It's dependable. Tolerant. Easiest to set up. Easiest to adjust.
- Clickbox Technology™
Low shifting forces through special outside clickbox.
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SRAM's ESP technology refers to the 1:1 actuation of the shifter, meaning the shifter pulls one inch of cable for every inch of movement in the rear derailleur. Other systems have a 1:2 actuation ratio. The 1:1 system effectively reduces cable tension in half, which means easier shifting with less effort.
- Hybrid Drive™
Combination of 3-speed Internal gear hub and external drive train.
Documents Available for SRAM DD3-27
See more documents available for SRAM Urban products.


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