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|JetNet/Oracle Tuxedo Guide
In JetNet and Oracle Tuxedo applications, events occur during the processing of service requests. These middleware events are one of several categories of events that occur in a Panther application. For information about the different types of application events, refer to Chapter 17, "Understanding Application Events," in Application Development Guide.
When middleware events occur, they are forwarded to handlers for processing. Panther provides built-in event handlers for all request broker event types. You can also write and install your own handlers in JPL or C. These handlers can perform all required processing on their own, or they can call the built-in handlers and overlay these with desired enhancements.
Table 6-1 lists all middleware event types that Panther recognizes in JetNet and Oracle Tuxedo applications:
|Event type
A service has been advertised
An error or unusual change in the normal flow of program execution
Client or server
The JIF has been changed
Client or server
A client receives an unsolicited message
A service request is completed
Client or server
A service completes execution
A service request is initiated
Client or server
A service is about to begin execution
A service request is received by the server
A server is brought down in an orderly fashion
A service has been unadvertised
Data is received from an external source that can be written (unloaded) to Panther variables
Client or server
Event Sequence
During the typical life span of a Panther enterprise application, most or all middleware events occur. Some of these, such as advertise events, happen independently of other events. For example, in an multi-server enterprise, servers can be activated and deactivated in a running application, thereby generating
advertise and unadvertise events. In the meantime, clients continue to issue service requests, and those servers that are available process them; these actions spawn their own set of service-related events, such as request_received and unload.
Of all middleware events, only those that are connected to service requests are dependent on each other, and always occur in this sequence:
Client initiates request
1. pre_request
Server receives request
3. pre_service
4. post_service
5. unload
Server returns service to client
6. post_request
Service returns to client
7. unload
Handler Scope and Installation
All middleware event handlers are installed at one of several scopes, which are hierarchically ordered from most general (default scope) to most specific (request scope). A handler can be installed at one or more scopes, depending on its event type. When a request broker event occurs, Panther looks for its handler at the most specific scope that is valid for the event. If no handler is installed at that scope, Panther continues to search for the event's handler among other valid scopes, each more general than the last, until it finds one.
Event handlers can be installed at four scopes, listed here in ascending order of precedence (general to specific):
For example, to install an You can uninstall a handler from application scope by setting the corresponding property to an empty string. For example:
unload handler at application scope, set the hdl_unload property:
@app()->hdl_unload = "user_unload"
@app()->hdl_unload = ""
For example, to install an
You can uninstall a handler from application scope by setting the corresponding property to an empty string. For example:
For example, an unload handler can be installed at any scope. When an If Panther cannot find the specified handler, a
unload event occurs, Panther first checks whether an
unload handler exists for the applicable service. If no request handler is found and the
unload event occurred within a transaction, it checks whether an
unload handler is installed for that transaction. If no transaction handler is found, Panther looks for a handler installed at application scope. If no application-scope handler is set, Panther uses the default
unload handler.
TP_HANDLER_MISSING exception of severity
TP_ERROR occurs.
For example, an unload handler can be installed at any scope. When an
If Panther cannot find the specified handler, a
Writing Event Handlers
You can write a middleware event handler in JPL or C. Handlers written in JPL can be stored in screen or library modules; handlers written in C must be installed as prototyped functions. (For more information, refer to "Prototyped Functions" in Application Development Guide.)
Request broker event handlers that are written in JPL should be accessible to the application either as library modules that are made public (via the public command) or as screen modules (via the screen's JPL Procedures property):
Handlers for a request broker event type must conform to a contract which is specific to the event type, and specifies the handler's implementation. A handler contract specifies the number and type of parameters, and how to interpret its return integer value. For information about handler contracts, refer to event type descriptions later in this chapter.
An event handler should avoid generating events of its own type as this can create an infinite loop. Because pre_request, post_request and unload events are necessary to make service requests, these events can be generated recursively. Handlers for these events should guard against generating events of the same type.
When a handler is invoked for an event, the following changes to normal processing occur:
Events Generated within Handlers
Handlers for a request broker event type must conform to a contract which is specific to the event type, and specifies the handler's implementation. A handler contract specifies the number and type of parameters, and how to interpret its return integer value. For information about handler contracts, refer to event type descriptions later in this chapter.
An event handler should avoid generating events of its own type as this can create an infinite loop. Because pre_request, post_request and unload events are necessary to make service requests, these events can be generated recursively. Handlers for these events should guard against generating events of the same type.
When a handler is invoked for an event, the following changes to normal processing occur:
Built-in Handlers
The Panther distribution provides a number of built-in handlers that are internally installed. All handlers at default scope are built-in handlers. A number of the built-in handlers are not used as defaults; these are available for installation at other scopes. For example, two built-in handlers are available for jif_changed events: the default handler
sm_tp_jif_changed_read, responds to any change in the JIF and readvertises its services;
sm_tp_jif_changed_ignore ignores all changes. You might want temporarily to install
sm_tp_jif_changed_ignore for a deployed application so it is unaffected by updates to the JIF, such as addition of new services that are undergoing development.
Some event types use different built-in handlers as the defaults for production and development environments. Default development handlers are called by standard servers that are configured for development; default production handlers are called by standard servers that are configured for production. For example,
sm_tp_advertise_cond_winopen is the default handler for advertise events on a server that is configured for production; this handler conditionally caches in memory the service components of advertised services. A server that is configured for development uses
sm_tp_advertise_log; this handler never caches service components, and also posts success messages to the request broker's log file.
Table 6-2 lists all built-in handlers and indicates which ones are used as defaults for development (dev) and production (prd). Descriptions of these handlers can be found in the event type descriptions that follow.
Advertise and Unadvertise Events
advertise and
unadvertise events occur on the successful return of the advertise and unadvertise commands, respectively. Both events occur only on servers.
advertise and
unadvertise can specify a single service, a group of services, or all services. Each service generates its own set of
advertise and
unadvertise events.
advertise handlers are used to perform service initialization.
unadvertise handlers are used to perform service cleanup.
advertise and
unadvertise handlers can only be installed at application scope.
advertise_handler(char *cmdStr, char *serviceName,
char *groupName, char *serviceContainer, int cacheScreen)
unadvertise_handler(char *cmdStr, char *serviceName,
char *groupName, char *serviceContainer, int cacheScreen)
advertise and
unadvertise handler arguments.
TP_ONADVERTISE—The service component is opened and cached in memory when the service is first advertised.
TP_ONFIRSTCALL—The service component is opened and cached in memory when the service is first called.
TP_NOCACHE—The service component is opened each time the service is called. When the service returns, the container is closed.
The return codes from
advertise and
unadvertise handlers are ignored; a 0 return value is suggested.
Panther provides four built-in
advertise handlers:
sm_tp_advertise_cond_winopen (default production handler) opens the service component of the advertised service and caches it in memory only if the JIF's service definition sets Cache Service Component attribute to
sm_tp_advertise_log (default development handler) posts a message to the middleware APIs log file indicating that the server has successfully advertised a service. This handler never caches service components in memory, so it always shows the latest changes to a service.
sm_tp_advertise_winopen opens the service component that is associated with the advertised service.
Panther provides four built-in
unadvertise handlers:
Panther provides four built-in
sm_tp_unadvertise_cond_winclose (default production handler) closes the service component of the advertised service only if the JIF's service definition sets Cache Service Component to
sm_tp_unadvertise_log (default development handler) posts a message to the middleware APIs log file indicating that the server has successfully unadvertised a service.
sm_tp_unadvertise_winclose closes the service component associated with the unadvertised service.
Exception Events
exception event occurs while the middleware API is performing work on behalf of the application. All request broker commands can generate one or more
exception events. Not all
exception events are errors; however, all request broker errors are
exception events.
exception event is associated with an integer code, string constant, and message, which are set in application properties
tp_exc_code, tp_exc_names and
tp_exc_msg, respectively.
tp_exc_names is an array of all
exception event type constants that are indexed by the corresponding
exception codes.
tp_exc_msg contains a string that describes the latest
exception event.
For example, this JPL statement displays a message that describes the latest
exception event to the user:
msg emsg "Error: " ## @app()->tp_exc_names[tp_exc_code] \
## "%NMessage: " ## @app()->tp_exc_msg
exception event sets
tp_severity to a severity code, which is also supplied as an argument to the
exception handler function.
For a complete list of
exception event type constants, refer to page D-1. For exception severity codes refer to page 6-13.
When an
exception event occurs, its handler performs the required processing. This processing might include displaying a message to the user, cancelling a request, or rolling back a transaction.
On entering an
exception handler, Panther sets these application properties:
tp_exc_names, and
tp_exc_msg identify and describe the
exception event that triggered execution of this handler.
tp_severity is set to the default severity code for this
exception event. The severity level is also supplied as an argument to the handler function (refer to page 6-12).
For example, the following The handler should store the value of If an
exception handler alerts the user of an error condition whose severity level is equal to or greater than
proc err_print (cmdStr, cmdName, callid, severity)
if ( severity >= TP_ERROR )
msg emsg "Error: " @app()->tp_exc_code \
"Message: " @app()->tp_exc_msg
return severity
tp_exc_code and/or
tp_exc_names before it calls any other middleware API-related functions; otherwise these properties are liable to be reset before control returns to the handler. Similar precautions are unnecessary for the handler's severity code, because the severity level is already locally available as a handler parameter.
Exceptions within an Exception Handler
exception handler generates its own
exception events, Panther ignores them and does not call any handlers for them, and the
tp_severity property remains unchanged. To catch exceptions within an
exception handler, check the
tp_severity property after each command in the handler. The original handler then decides whether errors within the handler should affect the severity that it returns.
exception events can occur on clients and servers.
exception handlers can be installed at all scopes.
exc_hdl(char *cmdStr, char *cmdName, char *callid, int severity)
For example, the following
The handler should store the value of
If an
exception event.
exception event.
exception handler must return a valid severity code. This code is written to the
tp_severity property, and determines how the application responds to the
exception event. If the handler returns an invalid return code,
tp_severity is restored to the severity level it had on entry to the handler. For a description of all exception severity codes, refer to page 6-13.
If a JPL procedure omits a
return statement, it returns a value of 0.
exception handlers that are written in JPL should always explicitly return with the appropriate severity code.
exception event handlers must return a severity code. Each
exception event has a default severity, and the
tp_severity property is set to the corresponding code on entry to the
exception handler. The default severity code is also supplied as an argument to the handler function. If a request broker event generates multiple exceptions, the exception with the highest severity has precedence and sets
The following sections lists severity codes in ascending (lowest to highest) order and describes what action the application takes when a handler returns one of them.
exception event is ignored. Processing of the command or request continues and the
tp_exc_code property remains unchanged. The status of an enclosing transaction is unaffected.
exception events of this severity are only raised during the process of exchanging data between clients and servers. An exception of this severity level causes the send/receive process to abort any further attempt to send/receive that message. Any other processing associated with that message is also aborted. If the exception occurs within a transaction, the transaction's status is set to
TP_REQUEST severity is reduced to a
TP_COMMAND severity. For a client, all processing associated with the request is terminated.
post_request event occurs. The value of the
tp_exc_code property is set to the exception code. The status of an enclosing transaction is set to
TP_WILL_ABORT. If an exception of severity
TP_REQUEST is generated within a server and is related to its servicing of a client, then the service is terminated with an error status.
xa_rollback command.
If associated with a server exception, the server aborts its current service and shuts down.
Operation of the agent, client or server, stops. A client process rolls back all outstanding transactions (via xa_rollback), aborts if possible all outstanding service requests, closes all open connections, and terminates. A server aborts its current service as if the severity were
TP_REQUEST. and shuts down. The connection to the middleware API is severed.
Panther provides four
exception handlers:
sm_tp_exception_promote_error (default production handler) promotes all exceptions of a
TP_ERROR severity to
TP_COMMAND. Thus, all
TP_ERROR exceptions cause command termination. For other exceptions of severity
TP_WARNING or higher, this handler displays a windowed exception message.
sm_tp_exception_print_all (default development handler) outputs an exception message to the display or server log file for all exceptions.
sm_tp_exception_no_change does nothing other than accept the initial severity.
sm_tp_exception_print_warning displays a windowed exception message for exceptions of severity
TP_WARNING or higher.
Jif_changed Events
jif_changed events occur when the jif_check command detects changes in the JIF since application startup or the last time the JIF was read. Each time the JIF is accessed,
jif_check examines it for changes.
jif_changed handler should call the jif_read command to reread the JIF, then readvertise services through calls to unadvertise and advertise. If necessary, this handler can also unload public JPL modules that contain service definitions, then reissue the public command on them.
For example, the following handler rereads the JIF and readvertises all services:
proc jif_changed_hdlr()
unadvertise all
advertise all
return 0
jif_changed event handler can conditionally reread the JIF by checking the
tp_return property, which tells how the JIF changed with one of these values:
TP_JIF_OLD—Version number decreased, indicating an older version of the JIF is now in place.
TP_JIF_NEWER—Version number increased, indicating a newer version of the JIF is in place.
TP_JIF_NOACCESS—The JIF file or its library cannot be accessed.
For example, the following JPL rereads the JIF only if it the current version is more recent than the last:
The A negative return code causes the jif_check command to abort by raising a Two built-in
if ( @app()->tp_return == TP_JIF_NEWER )
jif_changed event is available to clients and servers. A
jif_changed handler can only be installed at application scope
TP_USER_ABORT exception of severity
Built-in Handlers
jif_changed handlers are provided:
For example, the following JPL rereads the JIF only if it the current version is more recent than the last:
A negative return code causes the jif_check command to abort by raising a
Two built-in
sm_tp_jif_changed_read (default) rereads the JIF through the jif_read command, and readvertises services as specified by a given server's configuration. If the severity after executing
jif_read is greater than
TP_WARNING, this handler returns -1; otherwise it returns 0.
sm_tp_jif_changed_ignore ignores
jif_changed events and does not reread the JIF.
Message Events
message events occur when a client receives an unsolicited message, including those generated by the broadcast, and notify commands, or when a subscribed event is posted with the post command.
message handler decides what to do with unsolicited messages received by Panther. Typically, an application logs messages to a file or displays them immediately to the user.
If a client needs to process or save a message, the
message handler must do so before it returns. Use the receive command with the
MESSAGE keyword to access message contents.
To ensure that unsolicited messages are received and interpreted correctly, install an application-wide
message handler that relies on a common protocol for identifying message sources. For example, the protocol might establish that all agents of unsolicited messages use the same field in their message data to identify the message source. On receiving unsolicited messages, the
message handler then checks this field to determine the nature of the message and how to respond.
In the following example, an unsolicited message is broadcast to a supervisor client to report a security violation. In this application, the first field of an unsolicited message is always named
source, whose value indicates the message type. The
message handler first issues the receive command to get the contents of
source; subsequent processing depends on the contents of
broadcast CLIENT "supervisor" TYPE JAMFLEX \
({source="bcast_security", ACCOUNT=acct, DATE=date,\
SECURITY=code, MSG=message})
// Message handler for all unsolicited messages
proc msg_handler(type, subtype)
vars source, account, date, security, message
vars companyNews, teamNews, stock, stock_quote
vars fileStream, acctMsg
// Identify message sender.
receive MESSAGE ({source})
if (source == "bcast_security")
// receive security violation data
receive MESSAGE ({account, date, security, message})
// Alert the supervisor
msg emsg "%A004Security alert: " ## message ## \
"%NDate: " ## date ## \
"%NAccount No. " ## account ## \
"%NCode: " ## code
else if (source == "bcast_acct_data")
// receive account data
receive MESSAGE ({account, date, message})
acctMsg = account##" "##date##" "##message
// write message data to log file
fileStream = sm_fio_open("/u/acct/logfile", "a")
if fileStream > 0
call sm_fio_puts (acctMsg, fileStream)
call sm_fio_close(fileStream)
else if (source == "post_comp_news")
// receive posted company news message data
receive MESSAGE ({ companyNews })
msg emsg "Latest company news: " ## companyNews
return 0
message events are restricted to clients, and a
message handler can only be installed at application scope.
message_handler(char *msgType, char *msgSubType)
broadcast or
notify command, either
FML32, or
STRING. If the application is likely to broadcast different message data types, the
message handler should evaluate the contents of this parameter and branch execution accordingly.
Ignored; a 0 return value is suggested.
message handlers are provided:
sm_tp_message_print_string (default) displays any
STRING-type messages to the user as a windowed message that requires acknowledgment. Messages of other data types are ignored.
Pre_request and Post_request Events
pre_request and
post_request events occur when a client or server issues a service request. A
pre_request event occurs just before the actual service request is initiated. A
post_request event occurs when the service returns, whether or not the service completes normally. Each service request generates a
pre_request and
post_request event.
pre_request and
post_request events are typically used to track the number of service requests, and how long they take to return.
pre_request handler is responsible for aborting the service request if execution is inappropriate.
A non-negative (>=0) return code from a
pre_request handler allows service request processing to continue. A negative return code aborts the request by generating a
USER_ABORT exception of severity
TP_REQUEST; a
post_request event follows immediately follows.
pre_request and
post_request events are available to clients and to servers acting as clients—that is, wherever service requests can occur (refer to
pre_request and
post_request handlers can only be installed at application scope.
pre_request_handler(char *callid, char *serviceName, HR>
char *cmdStr)
post_request_handler(char *callid, char *serviceName, HR>
char *cmdStr)
Ignored; a 0 return value is suggested.
One default handler is provided for each event type:
pre_request handler
sm_tp_pre_request_ignore ignores
pre_request events.
post_request handler
sm_tp_post_request_ignore ignores
post_request events.
Request_received Events
request_received events are generated on a server when it receives service requests. The
request_received event occurs before Panther verifies that the service is defined in the JIF.
request_received handler performs any processing that is related to receipt of a service request. Because a
request_received event occurs before Panther verifies a service definition, its handler typically calls jif_check to determine whether the JIF has changed.
request_received handler typically works together with a jif_changed handler to ensure that all changes to the JIF are known to the server before it processes a service request. For example, if the
request_received handler calls
jif_check, this command detects any changes to the JIF and generates a
jif_changed event. The
jif_changed handler can then readvertise the services configured for this server (refer to page 6-16).
For example:
// Check whether JIF has changed. If it has, a jif_changed
// event is raised and jif_read executes
proc request_received_hdlr (callid, serviceName)
return 0
request_received handlers abort a service request if it is inappropriate to proceed.
request_received events are executed only on servers.
request_received handlers can only be installed at application scope.
request_received_handler(char *callid, char *serviceName)
A non-negative return code from a
request_received handler allows continued processing of the service request. A negative return value aborts the service request.
request_received handlers are provided:
sm_tp_request_received_ignore (default production handler) ignores
request_received events.
sm_tp_request_received_jif_check (default development handler) calls the jif_check command. If the severity after executing the
jif_check command is greater than
TP_WARNING, the handler returns -1 and the request is cancelled. Otherwise, 0 is returned. The
jif_check command raises a jif_changed event if the JIF has changed.
Server_exit Events
server_exit event is generated when a server deactivates in an orderly fashion. It is usually the last event that user-written code handles before server deactivation.
server_exit handler should clean up any resources allocated while the server was active that the middleware API nor Panther are unaware of. It can also log a message that the server is deactivating. For example:
// Implementation of a "log_down" server_exit handler
proc server_exit
log "Server has been brought down."
return 0
server_exit events are restricted to servers, and the handler can only be installed at application scope.
Ignored; a zero return is recommended.
server_exit handlers are provided:
sm_tp_server_exit_log_down (default) posts a message to the middleware APIs log file indicating that the server is being deactivated.
Pre_service and Post_service Events
pre_service and
post_service events occur every time a server receives a service request:
pre_service event follows the
request_received event and verification of the service's JIF's definition, and precedes execution of the service routine.
post_service event occurs after the service routine completes execution.
The A non-negative return code from a
pre_service and
post_service events are paired events—each
pre_service event is eventually matched by a
post_service event for that same service. Both events are enabled or disabled together.
Pre_service and Post_service Handlers
pre_service handler should abort the service if execution is inappropriate.
pre_service and
post_service handlers typically keep track of the number of requests to a service and how much time a service requires to process. These handlers also can associate a service component with the service: the
pre_service handler opens the service component, while the
post_service handler closes it.
pre_service handler allows continued execution of the service. A negative return code aborts the service: a
TP_USER_ABORT exception of severity
TP_REQUEST is generated, and the middleware API informs the client that the service has been aborted with a failure status. A
post_service event is then generated.
pre_service and
post_service events are restricted to servers.
pre_service and
post_service event handlers can only be installed at application scope.
pre_service_handler(char *callid, char *serviceName,
char *serviceContainer, int cacheScreen)
post_service_handler(char *callid, char *serviceName,
char *serviceContainer, int cacheScreen)
A non-negative return code from a
TP_ONADVERTISE—The service component is opened and cached in memory when the service is first advertised.
TP_ONFIRSTCALL—The service component is opened and cached in memory when the service is first called.
TP_NOCACHE—The service component is opened each time the service is called. When the service returns, the container is closed.
The following is an example of a The following is an example of a Four
pre_service handler:
proc pre_service_hdlr(callid, srvcName, srvcContainer, cacheFlag)
vars rcode, log_msg
// if there is no service component, do nothing
if (cacheFlag == TP_NOCACHE)
rcode = sm_jwindow(srvcContainer)
rcode = sm_n_wswlwct(srvcContainer)
if (rcode < 0)
// if select failed & ONFIRSTCALL, try to open
if (cacheFlag == TP_ONFIRSTCALL)
rcode = sm_jwindow("&&" ## srvcContainer)
if (rcode < 0)
log_msg = "Error opening " ## srvcContainer
log log_msg
return -1
return 0
post_service handler:
proc post_service_hdlr(callid, srvcName, srvcContainer, cacheFlag)
//if there is no service component, do nothing
if (srvcContainer == ""
return 0
if (cacheFlag == TP_NOCACHE)
call sm_close_window()
// handle as TP_ONFIRSTCALL and/or TP_ONADVERTISE
call sm_wdeslect()
Built-in Handlers
pre_service handlers are provided:
The following is an example of a
The following is an example of a
sm_tp_pre_service_winopen_or_select (default production handler) selects or opens the specified service component depending on whether it is already cached, as specified by the cacheScreen parameter (refer to page 6-26).
sm_tp_pre_service_winopen (default development handler) always opens the specified service component as a stacked window and, if configured for debugging or development, logs a
Starting service
%s message. If the container is not found, the handler logs an error and returns -1, causing the service to abort.
sm_tp_pre_service_winselect makes the specified service component the active window in the window stack. If the container is not found, the handler logs an error and returns -1, causing the service to abort.
post_service handlers are provided:
sm_tp_post_service_winclose_or_deselect (default production handler) deselects or closes the specified service component depending on whether caching is specified by the cacheScreen parameter (refer to page 6-26).
sm_tp_post_service_winclose (default development handler) closes the specified service component.
If a standard server is configured for debugging or development, then a
Service %s completed message is logged.
sm_tp_post_service_windeselect restores the specified service component identified by serviceContainer to its original position in the window hierarchy.
If a standard server is configured for debugging or development, then a
Unload Events
unload event occurs when message data is received from an external source whose contents can be written to Panther variables. Message data can be unloaded for these reasons:
unload handler implements the mapping of reply message data to client variables as specified earlier by the service_call command.
unload handler implements the mapping of unloaded data as specified by the
receive command.
unload handler implements the mapping of unloaded data to service variables, as specified by the
receive command.
All service requests generate an An
unload event on the client even if an error occurs and no data unloads. The application can then decide whether to write to the specified variables, possibly only clearing them of old data.
Unload Handlers
unload handler is responsible for unloading data into Panther variables through the
unload_data command, and setting conditions for performing the unload.
unload handlers can be triggered anywhere, including within another
unload handler. Therefore,
unload handlers should not raise another
unload event, and thus give rise to an infinite loop condition. For instance, if a service call is issued from within an
unload handler, an
unload event occurs for that service when it returns. The handler is called again to handle the event, and so on.
unload events are available to both servers and clients, and handlers can be installed at application, transaction, and request scopes.
unload_handler(char *callid, int msgSource, int receiptMethod)
All service requests generate an
unload event, indicated by one of the following constants:
|msgSource constant
Normal blocking service_call
Arguments sent to the service
Unsolicited message
|receiptMethod constant
Data received from asynchronous polling
Data received while blocking as part of service_call command
Message obtained through whatever
mechanism is used by a server to
receive service requests; only if
msgSource is
Data received as a result of invocation of wait
The severity code that an
unload handler returns indicates whether it successfully processed the
unload event.
TP_NONE indicates success. Return any other severity code to indicate failure. A failed
unload event generates a
TP_UNLOAD_FAILED exception at the specified severity. If the return code is not a valid severity, a
TP_UNLOAD_FAILED exception occurs at the
TP_WARNING severity level. For a description of severity codes, refer to page 6-13.
The following
unload handler unloads message data only if the service request is successful:
proc unload_hdlr (callid, msgSource, msgRcptMethod)
if (@app()->tp_svc_outcome == 0)
// unload the arguments
log "Unsuccessful return from service--no arguments \
return TP_NONE
unload handlers are provided.
sm_tp_unload_call_origin (default) unloads the service message data to the screen where the service call originated. If the screen is no longer active, this handler unloads the message data to the active screen. This handler ensures that results are written to the original screen when application processing has proceeded to a different screen.
sm_tp_unload_immediate unloads the message data to the active screen, regardless of whether the message data originated from it.


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|Engineers: Safety of Three Gorges Dam Follows Int'l Levels
The water level of the Three Gorges Reservoir reached 135 meters on Tuesday. With the completion of the water storage target, the gap of the water level inside and outside the dam is as high as 70 meters, and a reservoir with a storage capacity of tens of billions cubic meters has been formed on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The huge river fall and storage capacity pressure have raised concern about the safety of the dam, as it relates to the security of the lives and property of several hundred million people living in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
Chief engineer with the China Yangtze Three Gorges Project Development Co., Zhang Chaoran thinks the water storage won't affect the safety of the dam.
He explains the dam was designed according to the highest standards. He says the design is based on the strength of flood resistance and the Three Gorges Dam is designed to resist the kind of torrential flood that only occurs very rarely. He adds that at present, design and construction of the dam should be of international standard.
The chief engineer says from the beginning, a system has been in place to ensure the quality of the project. About one thousand quality supervisors have worked at the frontline and conducted strict supervision on every aspect of the project. The State Council has also sent respected water conservancy experts to inspect the quality of the work. From the launching of the project in 1993 till today, more than 130 thousand unit projects of the Three Gorges Project have been checked and the acceptance rate is close to 100%.
People are also worried that in wartime, the Three Gorges Dam may become the target of long-range missiles and nuclear weapons. Deputy Manager of the China Yangtze Three Gorges Project Development Co., Cao Guangjing says they have designed the dam in a way that can keep the damage done by such weapons to a minimum.
He says the Three Gorges Dam is a gravity dam, meaning every block of the dam can safeguard its stability by dint of its own gravity. Conventional weapons can do little harm to the dam. He adds that, even in the worst scenario, they can receive early warnings and drain the reservoir in advance, thus limiting the damage done by nuclear weapons.
During the construction of the dam, construction units have buried more than 6,000 instruments in the dam to monitor various physical data. Through the instruments, people can monitor the dam around the clock and ensure it works normally and safely.
Original source: CRI
Submit by CEIN News on 13.06.2003

subset: commoncrawl


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Illinois Thoroughbred Horsemen's Association, Inc.
We represent our membership in its relationships with the race tracks, at Illinois Racing Board meetings, at the state Capitol in connection with legislation affecting horsemen and horse racing, and at industry meetings throughout the country
Keep up to date on Illinois thoroughbred racing. Everything you need to know in one spot under our Media Center
We represent our membership in its relationships with the race tracks, at Illinois Racing Board meetings, at the state Capitol in connection with legislation affecting horsemen and horse racing, and at industry meetings throughout the country.
The ITHA collaborates closely with race track management at both Hawthorne and Arlington, as well as with the Illinois Racing Board, to advocate for the interests of horsemen.
Through the Chicago Thoroughbred Horsemen's Foundation, the ITHA provides benevolence to individuals working and/or living on the backstretches of our tracks.
Galloping Out is the ITHA's re-homing program for thoroughbreds that retire from our tracks. Galloping Out is a 501(c)(3) charitable organization.
An ITHA Scholarship Helped Propel My Journey from the Backstretch to Nursing School;
I'm Beatriz Contreras and This Is My Story
I am the daughter of a groom and hot walker and I grew up on the backstretches of Chicago horse racing tracks. I'd see the jockeys and the horses training each morning when I awoke. Every now and then, I'd get the chance to ride a pony.
I came to love the majesty of horse racing. With my dad and mom and cousins all working on the backstretch and caring for the horses, I developed a strong appreciation for all the preparation necessary to make horse racing possible.
Beatriz Contreras as a toddler with her dad, backstretch worker Cipriano Contreras, at Arlington Park.
But I knew that I would one day have a life outside the backstretch. As far as my dad was concerned, higher education was not a choice - it was a necessity. So that's what I did. My parents and my extended family and friends on the backstretch constantly encouraged me to pursue my degree, and I'm grateful for their support. I also thank the Illinois Thoroughbred Horsemen's Association.
The ITHA provides college scholarships to children of backstretch workers and I was fortunate to have received its assistance. Three years ago, I graduated from the University of Illinois at Chicago with my bachelor's degree in biological sciences and I went on to pursue additional education at Chamberlain College of Nursing. In May, I graduated from Chamberlain with a bachelor's of nursing degree. I passed my boards (NCLEX) at the end of June and am now applying for a nursing position.
Receiving the ITHA scholarship dramatically affected both my education and my family. My parents are very hardworking people who have been part of the backstretch community for more than 25 years. They have spent their lives performing to the best of their abilities both at home, as parents, and on the job. I am very proud and fortunate to have their full support, both emotionally and financially, towards my education. Given the high cost of tuition, the ITHA scholarship went a long way toward easing the financial strain on my family.
The ITHA's scholarship and the moral support I received from that organization encouraged and inspired me, boosting my determination to pursue my goal of becoming a nurse. Hopefully, with the support of my family and God, one day I will be able to give back to the backstretch community and be an example to the future college-bound generation of students growing up there. Beatriz Contreras resides in the Chicago area. She grew up on the backstretches of Arlington Park, Hawthorne Racecourse and the former Sportsman's Park.


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Welcome. This is the former home of "Jen's Birthday Challenge '08". The challenge has come and gone, as have 4 years (wowza!). Ever since I got a green plastic cup advertising the Shamrock Marathon (while at the MCM expo) I've wanted to run this race. I'm finally going to run it next year over my 31st birthday weekend. Yay! This site will be my training log, my sounding board and a place where I will post random pics of my new lab puppy (you have been warned). Thanks for reading.
Monday, April 28, 2008
Running on eggshells
Saturday my friend Jes came into town for one last hurrah before I move THIS FRIGGIN THURSDAY (I'm still in shock that the date has sprung up as if from nowhere). We went to the beach, ate, shopped, ate some more, and just spent some quality time doing much needed catching up. We went to the Melting Pot for dessert and it was delicious. My mouth is watering just thinking about it. We shared the Flaming Turtle (milk chocolate, caramel and chopped pecans, flambeed tableside). Sooooo good. I wasn't able to do my long run yesterday for two reasons: 1. I had company all day. Before Jes left, my dad and his wife, Michelle came over, we spent some time with my relatives, I did some packing, and then they left and my good friends Chris and Julie came over to spend the night. 2. I'm a moron and didn't apply suntan lotion to my legs or stomach while we were at the beach on Saturday. Why I neglected those areas is beyond me. You'd think I'd be more than familiar with the effects of noontime FL sun on a pasty un-SPF-ed body. As a result, my poor legs and hips are so badly burned that it hurts to sit, stand, bend over, walk...more or less any movement is unpleasant. So not only am I unable to run, but I fear that my burn is going to prevent me from fully enjoying my massage tomorrow (going away present from my boss). Damn it all to hell.
I will be very happy when this week is over and we're situated in TN and I can stop stressing so much about The Move. Then maybe I can establish some semblance of a routine again.
9 comments:
- Rachel said...
Wow I'm jealous...beaches. And TN is warm too...lol
Good luck with the move!
- April 28, 2008 at 3:47 PM
- chris said...
Yeah, TN is going to be muggy like crazy. Although, you are probably use to that by now being from Florida. My wife is from Clearwater, well actually Dunedin but I think that is close to Clearwater, right? I HATE going down there. Nothing to do with Florida--just a little thing I like to call a mother-in-law, or bitch-from-hell, whichever you prefer.
- April 28, 2008 at 5:36 PM
- tmac96 said...
I hope you enjoy your last few days there in Florida. Hopefully that burn will subdue a little! I hope your move to TN goes well! Can't wait to hear about it!
- April 28, 2008 at 6:55 PM
- Erin said...
I still can't believe you are moving to TN this Thursday!!! I wish we could have hung out before you leave. I'm going to miss you!!! Make sure you keep up the running once you get up there :)
- April 28, 2008 at 9:16 PM
- Irish Cream said...
Good luck with the move, Jen!!
Haha, Chris, why don't you tell us how your really feel about your mother-in-law ;)
- April 28, 2008 at 9:25 PM
- *jen* said...
Thanks guys. I know it'll be warm up there but it can't possibly be as hellish as FL is (famous last words, eh?!).
Chris: too funny. I LOVE Dunedin (you are correct: it's just north of Clw). There's a place on Main St downtown called Kelly's For Just About Anything and they have the most incredible garlic chips!! Love them.
- April 29, 2008 at 10:18 AM
- *aron* said...
thanks for stopping by my blog!!
good luck on the move!! and hope your sunburn feels better soon!
- April 29, 2008 at 11:09 AM
- chris said...
Jen, if I slipped you an address, that may or may not belong to the mother-in-law, do you think you could take care of something before you left for TN. You might want to do it on the way out of town. And it could be a good idea to take off your license plate first. Other than that, it should be a quick job.
But seriously, good luck on the move!
- April 29, 2008 at 4:06 PM
- SueBob said...
Good luck with your move!
- April 30, 2008 at 8:00 AM


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On my way to the Big Easy. Just me and my guy.
What will I do with the kids, you ask? My parents (brave souls) are coming to stay with them until we get back. I sure hope we don't (wink, wink) decide to stay over a few extra days after our work is finished.


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Regular price
Neoclassicism and depiction of landscapes inside a room were two tenets of the eclectic mix in Aesthetic Movement interior design. Exciting discoveries from 18th century archeological exploration quickly became inspiration as hidden artifacts from the ancient Roman city of Pompeii were revealed from beneath the volcanic ash that swallowed them centuries before.
At the time, since most travelers to Pompeii were aristocrats, this rediscovery influenced art in two ways: 1) additions of artifacts to private art collections, and 2) widespread use of their designs when they returned to their palatial homes. The Nickersons were no exception. One component of the fireplace mantle wall of the Reception Room is an exquisite Italianate mosaic that successfully brings outdoor Pompeii and neoclassic design into the Nickerson Mansion.
The bust of our Pompeii Porcelain Diffuser extends down into the liquid fragrance and wicks up beautiful scent that diffuses into the room from the surface area of the porcelain.
Fragrance: Heliotrope, Water Lily & Sandalwood


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Erasers help us get rid of our mistakes. The "lead" in the pencil is actually graphite, which is made up of carbon.
As you're writing, the particles in the graphite in your pencil stick to the fibers on the paper. An eraser, on the other hand, is usually made of rubber but here and there, you'll see ones made from plastic.
Erasers are mixed with sulfur to make them last longer, vegetable oil is added to soften them and make them more flexible. Abrasives and dyes also are added.
Erasers work because of friction, which is caused by two surfaces rubbing against one another. If you rub your hands, they becomes warmer. The same thing happens when you use an eraser. The heat from the friction causes the sticky part of the eraser to "grab" the graphite particles that have been loosened due to the abrasives in the eraser.
The paper doesn't tear due to the softener in the eraser.
While the rubber is "grabbing" the graphite particles, there are pieces of the combined graphite and rubber left behind. Those are the annoying pieces of the eraser that you have to brush off your paper.
In 1770, Edward Naime, an English engineer, accidentally picked up a piece of rubber instead of the white bread that was used as an eraser at the time. When he used it, he noticed that the pencil marks were "rubbed off," which is why it's called "rubber" now!


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We learned this evening that the National Night Out event scheduled for next Tuesday in Poinsettia Park will not be taking place.
However, National Night Out is still, of course, going on, but in other locations. The main location for the LAPD Wilshire Division will be Los Angeles High School, 4650 W. Olympic Blvd., several blocks east of Highland Ave., starting at 5 p.m. For more details, see the National Night Out page on the Wilshire Division website.


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Gun Violence Prevention
I'm proud to have earned an "F" rating from the NRA. They've never offered me money, and I would never accept. We've lost too many lives to gun violence and suicide by gun. Minnesota must take the lead by implementing strong measures for gun violence prevention, including:
- Banning assault weapons.
- Asking law enforcement to intervene in situations where a person who possesses or is looking to purchase a gun is considered a threat to themselves or their community.
- Restrictions on magazine capacity.
- Requiring built-in safety measures that limit accidents and holding gun manufacturers responsible if that standard isn't met.
- Requiring universal background checks.
- Lifting the ban on researching gun violence as a public health issue.


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After an interesting Saturday, finished with a great dinner with some friends in one of our favorite restaurants in Brussels, my Sunday at FOSDEM started again very early.
My choices for the Sunday were again diverse and (in most cases) successful. Apart from the closing keynotes, I spent some time in the Legal and Policy Issues devroom, a couple of talks in the HPC, Big Data, and Data Science devroom and half the afternoon in the Geospatial devroom.
Before continuing, if you want to read my summary of the previous day you can follow this link: FOSDEM 2018: Saturday. You will also find there general info and details about the event itself.
Let me summarize:
Capture the GDPR with Identity management, by Juraj Benculak
This first talk was a bit disappointing. The intro about GDPR took most of the talk, and I bet that almost all of us who where there at 9am in a Sunday knew what GDPR is.
The recommendations for GDPR arrived very late. The speaker made a brief overview of how you can benefit from a nice data mapping and data governance, and how good it is to observe privacy by default and by design. Then, he introduced Identity Management as the ideal tool for the job demonstrating the lawfulness of all the data processing. The fact that he develops Identity Management software has something to do with it, of course.
Artificial intelligence dealing with the right to be forgotten, by Cristina Rosu
The next talk in the Legal and Policy devroom was luckily more interesting, but again the title was misleading. Most of the talk was an intro to the right to be forgotten, including an overview of all the relevant legal cases starting with the Google Spain v AEPD and Mario Costeja González. Cristina Rosu complemented the legal intro with some metrics about GDPR compliance in some countries.
In the last slides, the only part related to Artificial Intelligence, the speaker commented some possible approaches to enhance the right to be forgotten in the AI environment: Obfuscation strategies, data minimization, personal data stores, algorithmic transparency or ethical boards inside companies.
Behind the scenes of a FOSS-powered HPC cluster, Ansible or Salt? Ansible AND Salt!, by Damien François
The speaker, as a systems engineer, is responsible of the automation of a medium-sized HPC infrastructure at the Louvain University. The purpose of his talk, quite interesting, was to advocate for the use of similar tools at the same time, instead of using the same tool for everything. Some features overlap, but he claimed that each tool can be more powerful in certain tasks, and separating tools also helps in defining responsibilities.
They use Cobbler to install and deploy Operating Systems and set-up hardware specific configuration, Ansible for one-off operations (setup RSA keys, register node to services or prepare config files) and Salt for daily management (configure system, install admin software or mount the user filesystem).
He ended comparing Ansible and Salt, reviewing the best characteristics of each of them as you can see in the picture that I took:
How DeepLearning can help to improve geospatial DataQuality, an OSM use case, by Olivier Courtin
The speaker started his talk reviewing some of the Quality Assurance tools available in the OpenStreetMap ecosystem, being the main ones: Keep Right, Osmose, OSM Inspector and Maproulette. The problem of them, and I know it very well because I've used them a lot, is that the detection can be automatic but only sometimes the tool is able to provide fix suggestions or a standard correction guide, and eventually all the corrections need to be done manually by a mapper (like me).
The premise of the talk was about using other datasets to highlight inconsistencies and, potentially, to predict some characteristics not present in the map using DeepLearning and satellite imagery. The results that he showed were impressive, but he also showed that a lot of work needs to be done in order to have enough quality to consider a more automated approach for Quality Assurance in OSM.
Completeness in OpenStreetMap starts by detecting inconsistencies as soon and as detailed as possible.
Re-structuring a giant, ancient code-base for new platforms, by Michael Meeks
After some interesting networking in the stands, I entered this talk with low expectations. I did not regret it because it was very interesting.
The talk was about the huge refactor that was needed in the codebase of LibreOffice to make it work in the Cloud. The speaker explained clearly why they needed to re-structure at all, the main problems that they faced (Windows and Linux rendering APIs) and how they solved critical issues like extreme coupling and threads management.
The summary of the talk in a quote is: "Fix each bug only once". What a great statement.
Building Rock Climbing Maps with OpenStreetMap, by Viet Nguyen
This was my first talk in the Geospatial devroom, it was somehow inspiring despite I can't say that I learned a lot. The speaker explained that, as a rock climbing lover, he couldn't find good data regarding climbing routes, walls and sectors so he started introducing that information himself in OpenStreetMap. He summarized his experience, the decisions that he had to take, and how he is trying to get more contributors for his project: OpenBeta.
Building OSM based web app from scratch, by Nils Vierus
I could imagine that this talk was going to be very basic and I guessed right, but I wanted to stay in the devroom for the next talks so I stayed in the room retaining my seat.
The speaker made a general overview about Programming languages to build an OSM based web app, IDEs, mapping libraries, OSM data retrieval tools, routing tools and even version control systems. Good introduction to the topic from a good speaker but I'm not sure if this kind of talks should have a place in FOSDEM.
Privacy aware city navigation with CityZen app, by Redon Skikuli
The speaker was nice and funny, but again the talk was not very advanced. It was more interesting when he talked about the Open Hackerspace that he collaborates with in Tirana (Albania) than the part related to the CitiZen App. The claim that the app is privacy aware is very limited. They just don't keep your navigation data but in the end whenever they ask for the location of the user, an Android device stores the location anyway (directly or when requesting the nearest POIs).
As a nice addition, CitiZen allows the users to modify or insert the POIs retrieved from OSM by editing them inside the app.
Every subway network in the world, by Ilya Zverev
This talk was refreshing and reconciled me with the geospatial devroom. Ilya (software engineer at Maps.me) explained how he ended building the offline subway navigation feature for Maps.me. As he explained, when they started reviewing the available data in OpenStreetMap related to subways they realized that the information was very poor and incomplete. For example there was no way to map properly the connections between lines.
He started building a validator and then station by station, city by city, he improved the subway information in OSM. He even presented a proposal for the subway geospatial information, including new relations for the transfers.
The story of UPSat, Building the first open source software and hardware satellite, by Pierros Papadeas
One of the most inspiring talks of the entire FOSDEM with a packed full Janson Room (with capacity for 1415 people).
The speaker explained how during 2016, the Libre Space Foundation a non-profit organization developing open source technologies for space, designed, built and delivered UPSat, the first open source software and hardware satellite.
He explained with some detail how he got involved, the current status of the project, the design, construction, verification, testing and delivery processes, etc. You should consider watching the video :-)
Exploiting modern microarchitectures, Meltdown, Spectre, and other hardware attacks, by Jon Masters
The closing keynote was given by Jon Masters (Computer Architect at Red Hat) about Meltdown and Spectre, as he was tech lead for mitigation efforts against them in Red Hat. Jon was surprisingly capable of explaining in less than 50 minutes what are those vulnerabilities about, how they were possible in the first place and what are the consequences of avoiding them. I already knew most of it but Jon made it even clearer for me, and surely for the rest of the audience given the applause he received.
It was specially amusing for me, as I've been refreshing my knowledge about the Tomasulo Algorithm these past months.
And that's all. See you in Brussels for FOSDEM 2019!!


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Here you will find some of the top questions we get asked when it comes to Affordable Braces in Fort Lauderdale and comparison with Invisalign. Feel free to get in contact with us if you still need assistance from one of our top orthodontics in Fort Lauderdale....
1) Removable - There are no fixed braces on your teeth. you can easily remove them at your discretion. Nonetheless, optimum results are Obtained only if you wear them at least 20 hrs/day.
2) Comfortable - No poking wires, No lose brackets.
3) Invisible
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5) Easy to maintain oral hygiene
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In most cases, an experienced orthodontist can achieve the same results using both traditional braces and Invisalign, so the decision of which method to use is usually a personal preference.
Invisalign are usually more expensive than traditional braces (about $500 more) and requires longer treatment time. Each alternative has its advantage and disadvantage though. It depends on how much correction you need really. I was going to get it but my overbite couldn't be corrected with it so I have regular braces. Honestly, braces aren't all that bad, once I got used to them they just became part of my body almost. Visit an orthodontist instead of a dentist, in my opinion you will get a better assessment.
Only your doctor can determine the actual cost based on your specific needs and will work with you to customize your individual plan. Other factors contributing to your cost may include the complexity of your individual needs, how long you are in treatment, where you live, your doctor's experience level, your orthodontic insurance coverage, and additional factors determined by your orthodontist or dentist.
Many different types of appliances, both fixed and removable, are used to help move teeth, retrain muscles and affect the growth of the jaws. These appliances work by placing gentle pressure on the teeth and jaws. The severity of your problem will determine which orthodontic approach is likely to be the most effective. Fixed appliances include: Braces — the most common fixed appliances, braces consist of bands, wires and/or brackets. Bands are fixed around the teeth or tooth and used as anchors for the appliance, while brackets are most often bonded to the front of the tooth.
Only your dentist or orthodontist can determine whether you can benefit from orthodontics. Based on diagnostic tools that include a full medical and dental health history, a clinical exam, plaster models of your teeth, and special X-rays and photographs, an orthodontist or dentist can decide whether orthodontics are recommended, and develop a treatment plan that's right for you.If you have any of the following, you may be a candidate for orthodontic treatment: Overbite, sometimes called "buck teeth" — where the upper front teeth lie too far forward (stick out) over the lower teeth Underbite — a "bulldog" appearance where the lower teeth are too far forward or the upper teeth too far back Crossbite — when the upper teeth do not come down slightly in front of the lower teeth when biting together normally Open bite — space between the biting surfaces of the front and/or side teeth when the back teeth bite together Misplaced midline— when the center of your upper front teeth does not line up with the center of your lower front teeth Spacing — gaps, or spaces, between the teeth as a result of missing teeth or teeth that do not "fill up" the mouth Crowding — when there are too many teeth for the dental ridge to accommodate
Just call us on +1 (954) 516-7101 or send us an email at: firstname.lastname@example.com
Unlike wearing traditional braces, Invisalign® won't make a major impact on your quality of life. Since the aligners are clear, it won't impact your appearance. Additionally, since they only need to be worn for 22 hours a day, they will not interfere with eating. This is a huge advantage because you can eat your favorite plate of ribs, go out for a romantic date, or eat a caramel apple without worrying about something becoming stuck in your teeth or a wire being pulled out of place. This time also allows you to take the aligner out when having an important conversation or making a presentation at work. Overall, this is a convenient way to straighten your teeth and provides the maximum level of flexibility.
Some people are concerned about whether or not wearing an aligner will impact their speech. Most of our Fort Lauderdale patients tell us that they have to get used to wearing aligners after the first couple of days. Sometimes, patients have a slight lisp which goes away once they become used to speaking while wearing them. This is standard with any orthodontic procedure but fortunately; most people can speak normally within a couple of days.
Answer: Let us first understand what work you need done and then we can see what deals we can give you on braces or Invisalign, based on your needs!
Schedule your appointment with us through
+1 (954) 516-7101 or by sending us an email at: email@example.com
Here is some info that will help you if you have been searching for the following...
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Call us today to get our Fort Lauderdale Orthodontics to help you with your braces or Invisalign.
|Additional Articles
Ask us your braces and Invisalign questions to:
+1(954) 516-7101 or email us at: email@example.com
+1 (954) 516-7101


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|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|Matt Benson <gudnabr...@yahoo.com>
|gauging sandbox interest - openmodels
|Sun, 01 Mar 2009 17:15:13 GMT
For awhile I've had an itch that it would be nice to have a project whose purpose is to provide small, realistic domain models for consumption primarily by tests of library-type code (if the domain models are actually usable/extensible for real work, so much the better). It seems to me that particularly at Commons it could be beneficial for tests/examples of various components to reference common object models, giving potential users a better point of reference to see how various components might be used with their own models. Is there any interest in having such a project in Commons; do we feel this would be too large and not precisely the mission of Commons; are there other opinions? Thanks, Matt --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: email@example.com
|View raw message


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Al Gore and his spectacular slide show, "An Inconvenient Truth," by James Morrison. Source: Flickr. CC BY-NA-SA 2.0
There are several tools that allow you to present images using a computer & digital projector. These tools are particularly useful for classroom presentations.
PowerPoint : Part of Microsoft's Office suite of programs. Add pictures to text presentations, or leave the text out all together!
Keynote : for Mac only. Keynote enables "cinema quality presentations for everyone"
There are lots of web-based presentation options, such as Prezi, Haiku Deck, Google Slides, and emaze.
The Attic, by thesoupboy. Source: Flickr. CC BY-NA 2.0
Amazon Prime Photo : Amazon Prime Photos offers free online photo storage to Prime members, who can save and share unlimited photos on desktop, mobile, and tablet.
iPhoto (for Mac only, part of the iLife suite) : Apple's image storage software. Organize and edit digital images, then export to other applications in the iLife suite to share via e-mail, in print, and the web. Also offers a slideshow feature.
Adobe Bridge : part of Adobe's Creative Suite, Bridge indexes documents you produce using the various Adobe products, and provides easy access to Adobe Stock Photos.
The Snapshot tool in Adobe Reader allows you to easily select images in a PDF document, copy these to the clipboard, and save to another document or software program (Photoshop, etc.).
Follow directions on eHow.com or watch the video below (both are unaffiliated with Cornell University Library).
Share!, by juliocrockett. Source: Flickr. CC BY 2.0
Private and public photo sharing; Free version or paid premium service.
Picasa Web Albums
Private and public sharing; Free version with option to upgrade storage.
Private sharing. Not searchable.


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Our handmade jewellery is made with the unique raw materials that the world has to offer. Our creations aim to maintain that original spirit for the contemporary woman.
We offer you our unique handmade handbags from Seville, a colourful city in the South of Spain – they are made with fabrics collected in the most beautiful places around the world.
Palm trees, ocean breeze and salty air.
Sun kissed hair. Endless summer.
Take me there.
What is your favourite place on the map? Every corner you travel leaves a print on your skin and your soul. And behind every place, there is always a person and a story to be told.
Our recent creations are inspired by African nature and by the strength of their women. Bloom Story reinvents Ghanaian recycled glass beads into original pieces full of passion and sophistication. Discover our Africa Rocks and Madmoiselle Beads collections and feel the sun and the magic of Africa.
The Jewellery
Africa rocks
The roots of Africa inspire this collection – a collection full of spirit where colourful pearls and leather get together into a unique combination.
Feel the strength of the African sunsets. Smell its nature. Live free and wild.
Mini Necklaces
My tiny pearl
Delicate, sophisticated African pearls combined with gold plated chains are the base notes of this collection. Ideal for the free of spirit who love to be discrete but wild at the same time. All in one. Feel the magic.
Seville and Accra. Colourful cities with all-year round sunshine that inspire us to bring you our unique, handmade bags for you to enjoy. Made with fabrics collected from the most beautiful places around the world. Discover our collections Bloom Ghana and Take me to the Sea.
The Bags
Tiny Friends
Handy Bags
Bloom Ghana
Bloom Ghana
This was the first collection to be born. These colourful cotton bags made by the women of Accra (Ghana) are made with traditional wax print fabrics - powerful, joyful and unique.
Take me to the sea
These lightweight and fluffy bags are made of Foam and Neopren.
A material you recognize in diving suits used to discover the ocean. We reinvent these soft materials to create this unique collection, handmade in Seville. The straps are made of delicate and durable leather.
Did you fall in love?
This is our Story
What is your favourite place on the map? Every corner you travel leaves a print on your skin and your soul. And behind every place, there is always a person and a story to be told. Our creations bring you stories from the sea. From the stones. From nature.
And from the beautiful people hidden around our incredible planet. Every single bag and necklace has a story and has been made by lovely hands with lots of kindness.
t all started in Ghana. Accra surprised us with its colourful wax print fabrics and we could not help ourselves - here is a story to be told. Let it bloom.
Take a moment to join the newsletter and win a bag from the new collection.
Want to be the first to know?
Copyright © 2017 BLOOM STORY


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top nyc criminal lawyers
When you are facing criminal charges, you may feel fear, anger, confusion and a vast array of other emotions. Criminal charges can be extremely intimidating. You may feel the prosecution has access to more resources than you do, leaving you to fend for yourself. Fortunately, an arrest is not the same as a conviction. Our criminal attorney in New York, NY, understands the law and can help you prove your case, especially when there is little or no evidence. You can trust our staff to handle your case with the utmost in care.
To get more information about top nyc criminal lawyers.


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Economist Tsiareshchanka, 60, has worked in various jobs, including engineer and professor. He was elected to parliament in 1995. This is his third run for the presidency.
In 1994 he announced his candidacy but withdrew and supported the eventual victor, Alyaksandr Lukashenka, and briefly worked in the presidential administration. He tried to run again in 2001 but failed to collect the required 100,000 signatures.
He is now the chairman of the Association of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises. He is running as an independent.


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This video, presented by
Jones Lang LaSalle, features an interview with Tom Waite from Capital Markets (Europe) about e-commerce, its influence on the logistics sector in Europe and investor demand.
* What are the trends in 2013 and beyond?
* How will e-commerce influence the sector?
* How will investors react to the trends and change?
You can view a full copy of the report 'A New Logistics Real Estate Landscape - The Impact of Multi-channel Retail on Logistics' here


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When a person begins to follow Christ, he begins a process of leaving his old life behind. His friends may quickly notice that something has changed. What really gets their attention, though, is his new attitude when the bad times come.
Suffering for a Christ-follower is different than for a person who is not. Handled properly, it can be a witness to friends who have yet to believe in Christ.
In this nineteenth message from the series "Hope for Exiles: The Teachings of First Peter," Dr. David Rhoades explores how a Christian can move beyond mere suffering to an experience of glorifying God.


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The Dragon Green Intensity Standard kit consists of five populations of ~8µm microspheres dyed with increasing amounts of our Dragon Green fluorophore. The different intensity populations may serve as relative intensity standards in fluorescent microscopy or as fluorescent, internally-dyed beads in many other applications that will stand up to the rigors of imaging.
Dragon Green is an excellent spectral surrogate for fluorescein, and is suitable for use with fluorescein filter sets. The beads may also serve as very bright relative intensity or linearity standards for flow cytometry; ask about the Bangs Laboratories, Inc. QuickCal® Linearity Template if this is your interest.
- Hazards:
- Harmless-use normal precautions
- Handling:
- Exercise normal care
- Storage:
- Store at 4 degrees celsius;Do not permit to freeze


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Malindi & Watamu Travel
This two parks are located in an area established in 1979 and declared a "biosphere" : one of the four biospheres in Kenya. Located 199km from Mombasa city and on the Malindi-Watamu coastline, the parks have hundreads of fish species including huge groupers and rock cod with other varieties not yet identified. In Watamu Marine Park there is a coral reef that lies about 2km offshore.
Malindi and Watamu Facts
- Area: 199km from Mombasa
- Special Feautures: Hundreds of fish species, coral reef
Malindi & Watamu Highlights
- magnificent beach with white sand & blue ocean
- snorkelers and scuba divers,
- proximity to Tsavo National Park
- bird-watching in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest
- Dhow sailing & sport fishing
Sample Malindi & Watamu Travel Tours
Wildlife Watching Safaris
The tour starts with Ol Pejeta Conservancy, a prime game-rich destination where you will ...
Beach Holidays
Aberdare gives you the African mountain experience with lots of game and scenery. Lake ...
Luxury Holidays
Experience the rich diversity of East Africa's wildlife and cultural in East Africa in ...


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Rent or buy your appliances from a company you can trust. ServCo is an authorized dealer with most major appliance manufacturers and will provide you the best equipment for your needs.
Appliance Sales & Rental Service
Servco Appliance is your place for buying or renting appliances in Orlando, Florida. We are authorized dealers of several major appliance brands. And the equipment we provide is among the best available. When you buy or rent appliances from Servco Appliance, you're dealing with a company you can trust.
We are trained and authorized in the following areas:
Ice Machine Rental
In need of an ice machine? We have a selection of ice machines for sale or rent. And if you need repairs, we can help you there too. Repairs are included in the rental cost when you choose to rent an ice machine from us. You'll receive an estimate for additional repairs when you schedule a service call. Our technicians are factory authorized and trained to perform non-warranty and warranty repairs on most major ice maker brands.
Learn More: Ice Machine Rental
Commercial Refrigeration Sales and Installation
Look no further than Servco for refrigeration sales and installation. You'll find what you need among our wide selection of commercial refrigeration equipment. We'll work with you to meet your refrigeration needs and budget. Contact Servco Appliance today to replace your old refrigeration unit. Want to purchase a unit for a new or expanding business? Call us today for:
- Display refrigerators
- Worktop refrigerators
- Glass door refrigerators
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- Roll-in refrigerators
- Under-counter refrigerators
Our trained technicians are professionals who deliver and install your equipment with care. We've offered refrigeration services in Orlando since 1963. Our reputation as a reliable and professional company speaks for itself.
Learn More: Commercial Refrigeration Sales & Installation
Air Conditioning Sales and Installation
Summer in Orlando is hot and humid. Ninety degree days are common, and 80 degrees is considered a low. Temperatures like that mean you need a reliable AC to keep you cool. Servco has more than 50 years experience installing residential and commercial air conditioning systems. Our products are high-quality systems that make summer bearable.
And you don't have to worry about an astronomical power bill. Our AC systems are rated 14 SEER efficiency up to 20 SEER efficiency. The higher the SEER rating the more efficient the system. Our equipment keeps your power consumption to a minimum. And many of our systems include a lifetime limited warranty.
We can also help you determine what system is best for your business or home. That's not always easy when you're installing a new system. You need to consider the size of the building, the layout, your budget, and whether or not there's already duct work installed. But we make it easy by doing the work for you.
Learn More: A/C Unit Sales & Installation
Commercial AC Repair
Your customers and employees deserve a comfortable environment. That's why you should contact the professionals at Servco for your commercial AC repair needs. We're the ones to call when you want the job done right. We know how hot Orlando can get, and we want to keep your system working like it should.
Servco has more than 50 years of experience repairing commercial AC units. We're fast, efficient, and professional. In other words, we know our stuff. The sooner you call us the better. If your system isn't cooling like it should, then it's likely using extra energy in an effort to work properly. This can lead to a much higher power bill than you're expecting. Who wants that nasty shock? We can repair small problems, big problems, and any problem that will prevent a minor issue from costing you a ton of money.
Learn More: Commercial AC repair
Remember, call Servco Appliance for your appliance rental and purchasing needs.
Contact Us for Pricing


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Destiny and Motivation in Language: Studies in Psycholinguistics and Glossodynamics (SIGNED, LIMITED EDITION)
Cambridge, MA: Sci-Art Publishers, Number 193 of 800 copies signed by A. A. Roback. Hardcover. c.1954. Green cloth, gilt titles. 8vo. 474pp. Very Good+ in Very Good dustjacket. Light shelfwear, light stain to foredge of text block, offsetting to endpapers. Sunning to dustjacket spine, light soiling, light chipping to edges. More
Price: $20.00


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Ill-fitting shoes. When shoes are too tight or have very high heels, they compress areas of your foot. When they're too loose, your foot may repeatedly slide and rub against the shoe. Your foot may also rub against a poorly placed seam or stitch inside the shoe. Bunions or hammertoe. A bunion is an abnormal, bony bump that forms on the joint at the base of your big toe. A hammertoe is a toe deformity in which your toe becomes curled up like a claw. Both of these conditions can cause constant rubbing inside your shoe.
Many bunions can be treated by switching to shoes that fit properly and that don't squash the toes, the AAOS says. Most bunions do not need to be corrected with surgery, particularly if they are not causing pain. A foot specialist can help you determine the best treatment for your bunion and what type of shoe would be best for your foot. If you are a diabetic you are fifteen times more likely to have a limb amputated or suffer with leg and foot ulcers. However the risk of complication is significantly reduced if your blood sugar levels, blood pressure and cholesterol are properly monitored and controlled.
The most common complication we see for patients who have had bunion surgery (either recently or years past) is pain under the 2nd metatarsal head. Sometimes there is a callus present here and sometimes not. Regardless of the presence of a callus, pain in this area is extremely common after having bunion surgery. What is a Bunion? A bunion is often described as a bump on the side of the foot where the toe joint is. However, a bunion is more than that. The visible bump represents actual changes in the bony framework of the foot. This disorder causes the toe to "bow out" instead of pointing straight ahead.
There are many products on the market that claim to prevent, reduce the occurrence of, clear up or remove said lesions, usually to the detriment of the consumer. I say that because most people will apply an item such as a corn plaster or acid to a painful corn a lot longer than recommended by the instructions. Most also feel that more or longer is better. Not usually the case in this instance. The reason being is that the acid in the medication cannot determine normal skin from a corn/ callous.
Substitute lemon oil for lemon juice or lemon seasonings to flavor seafood, vegetables, beverages, and desserts. To use Lemon oil in place of the zest of "one" lemon – use 8 to 14 drops of Young Living Lemon essential oil. More on Cooking with Essential Oils Soothe or prevent corns, callous, or bunions by rubbing 1-2 drops of Lemon oil on the affected area, morning and evening.* Rub 4-6 drops of Lemon oil with 1 teaspoon of V-6 Massage Oil on cellulite, may improve circulation and help eliminate waste from the cells.* Read Lymph, Liver & Cellulite Tips and Recipes
The pattern and location of symptoms can vary depending on the type of arthritis. Generally, people with arthritis feel pain and stiffness in and around one or more joints. The onset of arthritis symptoms can develop gradually or suddenly. Arthritis is most often a chronic disease, so symptoms may come and go, or persist over time. Depending on the form of arthritis, there are steps that can be taken to reduce your risk of arthritis. Maintaining an appropriate body weight has been shown to decrease the risk of developing osteoarthritis and gout. Protecting your joints from injuries or overuse can reduce the risk of osteoarthritis.
Surgery should be reserved as a last option for the feet. Opperating on your feet is like taking parts off a car. It'll never function the way it's designed to. It can even stop you dead in your tracks. I've seen alot of foot damage CAUSED from foot and ankle surgeries. As always, it is important to have your individual feet evaluated for solutions specific to your body type. What works for one person may not work for another. There are very few solutions for bunion deformities, though. If left untreated, they can get pretty big and ugly and interfer significantly with your gait. Compensation problems can result.


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Learn how to say Ossuaries correctly in English with this tutorial pronunciation video.
Oxford dictionary definition of the word ossuary:
noun (plural ossuaries)
a container or room in which the bones of dead people are placed.
mid 17th century: from late Latin ossuarium, formed irregularly from Latin os, oss- 'bone'


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Nielsen Architects
The practice has been successfully involved with a wide range of projects including residential architecture, commercial development, industrial development, hospitality, aged care, government, and educational facilities. We have specialised in working with clients that have multi-site requirements and have developed a systemised approach to suit the individual needs of our clients.
We pride ourselves on being able to satisfy client requirements innovatively and economically. The number of repeat clients is sound testimony to the fact.
Our Services
• Design
Contact Details
108 Mt Barker Road
Stirling SA 5152
t: (08) 8339 8008
f: (08) 8339 2004
e: email@example.com
w: www.nielsenarchitects.com.au
PO Box 691 Stirling SA 5152


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Guidelines When Looking For a Dentist in Weybridge
At sometimes, you find that the human bodies are prone to some pains which need to be managed first. For example, almost all people including the kids have the dental problems. In this case, you need to hire the well-trained dentist. In this case, you need to look for the ideal dentist. Finding the ideal dentist is not as easy as many people tend to think. Therefore, you need to ponder some aspects to ensure that you hire the ideal dental services. Analyzed below are some of the tips to contemplate when you need to employ the
Replace missing teeth weybridge
The prime factor should be the experience of the dentist. Having the dentist who has been in the industry for a couple of years is a prove that they have treated all problems in the teeth which is a prove that you can get the best treatment. It is good to know that when you consider experience with a blink of an eye you can be able to the dental care. Visit this website
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentist about dentist
Still, you need to contemplate on the knowledge of the
Dentist in Weybridge
. At all cots you need to employ the dentist with a lot of knowledge in dental management. Therefore, you can be confident that you get the proper treatment even without any mistake if you hire the well-trained dentist. Therefore, you need to have look at the certificate of the dentist before you can start getting the treatment.
Again, you need to ponder the charges of the dentist. It is vital to employ the dentist with the reasonable charges. Therefore, you need to go to several teeth clinic and ensure that you ask about their charges. However, when you meet that the dental services are unaffordable it is vital to ask the dentist to offer the services to you at a discounted price. When you are sure of the money that you need to pay the dentist you can be certain that you cannot incur any economic problem with the dental firm.
You need to put some considerations on the reputation of the dentist. It is vital to hire the dentist with the reliable reputation. At this point, you need to start finding the reputation of the potential dentist. When you need to know the repute of the dentist you can ask the people who have worked with the dentist. When all the people you talk to recommend you to a particular dentist you can be sure that you can get the ideal teeth service.
Finally, you need to ponder the readiness of the dentist. In this case, it is vital to ensure that you engage the will dentist who can give the ideal teeth treatment. When starting the teeth treatment you need to make sure that you set the time you can report to the dental clinic to ensure there are no time issues.


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Resolve HP Printer Error code 49.FF81
Are you unable to eliminate printer error code issues? Yes? Do not fail to connect with our team of professionals. Let us know about your exact concern and get it solved within 24 hours of your complaint. We provide you with comprehensive guidelines to eliminate HP printer error code 49.FF81. We have efficient product specialists who […]Read More →


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Darkroom print session
Another rainy day, perfect for spending some time in my darkroom. I have decided to work on a few negatives at a time trying to get the best possible result.
I use a Kaiser enlarger with a 50mm rodenstock lens and a multigrade contrast head attached. I have earlier tried the concept of splitgrade printing, and I have decided to continue to follow that path.
The print I have been working with today is a Tmax 100 negative from 2015 developed in Rodinal - showing the view from Skagen old light house.
The first step was to make a test strip with filter 0 followed by filter 5 - both in increments of 5 seconds. I decided to settle for 10 seconds with both filters, followed by 10 seconds with filter 5 burning in the sky. It issuing to be interesting though if the final print will be too dark when it dries up.
Paper size was 18 x 24 cm. Lens was stopped down to f:8. Paper was Adox MCP 312 (Pearl RC paper), developed in Adox MCC developer.


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I've always been lusting for fashion, with an avid need of images and information about collections, trends, campaigns or business and, thanks to the speed at which fashion has the world wide web spinning, it wasn't difficult to feel ever present in the middle of runway or boutique action.
Still, I seem to have neglected – I read the other day – a fashion niche that is growing twice as fast as the industry as a whole, precisely women's activewear! The truth be said, Stella has been relentlessly trying to get through the fact that Adidas by Stella McCartney is aimed directly at me, as the active woman living in the contemporary world that I am. But I preferred to look away, towards dresses and shoes with soles, and be it, heels, more suitable for simply standing rather than doing any sort of physical exercise – other keeping one's balance.
But I'll do almost anything before letting myself drop out of fashion! I chose a jacket with excellent functional performance, vivid colours and bold print… as I wish to look fantastic while achieving my running anti-performance. And to say fashion begs no (athletic) sacrifices!
Adidas by Stella McCartney hooded poncho, EUR 400 at Luisa Via Roma
If you liked the article, also follow the Fashion avec Passion exuberant world on Twitter and Instagram.
Photo source: Stella McCartney


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Muskogee Phoenix
July 22, 2015
D. E. Smoot | Phoenix Staff Writer
Port exec views it as essential marketing tool
A review committee impaneled by Muskogee County commissioners recommended approval for a plan that would create a special tax district proponents say would provide the tools they need to lure a new industrial tenant.
The panel's recommendation came after committee members made findings necessary to meet the statutory requirements set out by the Local Development Act. Those findings included an acknowledgement that development and economic growth would prove difficult without tax increment financing available through the act.
Committee members also determined the proposed plan and tax district would create no "unfair competitive advantage" and the establishment of the 126-acre tax district would create no conflicts with any pre-existing plans. They also found the project plan would "not supplant or replace normal public functions and services."
Eric Miller, director of the Muskogee City-County Port Authority's economic development division, said the plan essentially would extend the property tax exemption available for eligible manufacturing companies. The state exemption is limited to five years, Miller said, putting Oklahoma at a disadvantage when compared to other states where exemptions are available for up to 40 years or longer.
"This will give me another tool to go out and effectively market Muskogee as a competitor for industrial development," Miller said, expressing hope for final approval by Muskogee County commissioners. "It would mean a lot to the community, and it would mean a lot to consultants and companies that will evaluate Muskogee."
The proposed project plan provides no information about the company being courted by the port authority's recruiters, but it does provide a glimpse of the company's plans. The plan contemplates private investments totaling $35 million to $40 million for land and buildings during the first three to five years of the proposed project plan and another $140 million to $155 million for furnishings and fixtures during the next seven to 10 years.
Port authority officials anticipate a successful outcome would spur the need for 325 to 350 employees within nine years after the company initiates plant operations. Average salaries for those "jobs are expected to range between $41,000 and $49,000."
The creation of the special tax district would capture more than $10.93 million in tax revenue during the course of 20 years. That money would be used to fund infrastructure improvements worth an estimated $5.6 million and development financing assistance worth nearly $3.28 million — the balance would be used to pay administrative costs and debt service.
"This is good for the port, it's good for the city, and it's good for the county because it would make us competitive for capital-intensive projects," Port of Muskogee Director Scott Robinson said. "Today we are not competitive, and it all has to do with taxes and infrastructure."
District 1 Commissioner Ken Doke, who was appointed chairman of the review committee made up of representatives of the entities that would be affected by the proposed tax district and three members at-large, said he thinks the proposal would be a sound investment. Exact numbers have been discussed only behind closed doors, but he said the taxing jurisdictions would experience a long-term benefit by allowing a portion of new ad valorem tax revenue generated by new development be captured and diverted for infrastructure and incentives.
Stakeholders that would be impacted by the tax district include the Muskogee County Health Department, Hilldale Public Schools, Indian Capital Technology Center District No. 4, Muskogee County Emergency Medical Service District, and the Eastern Oklahoma District Library System.
"My biggest fear is that I will have to buy a plane ticket to visit my kids someday because we failed to create opportunities for them right here at home," Doke said. "We desperately need quality, high-paying jobs in Muskogee County, (and) I am truly excited that we are considering new options and are attempting to be more competitive in our efforts to recruit new companies to the area."
The resolution adopted Tuesday by the review committee will be forwarded to the Muskogee County Board of Commissioners and will be open for public comments. The first of two public hearings is scheduled during the commissioners' Aug. 3 meeting.
Reach D.E. Smoot at (918) 684-2901 or email@example.com.
Source: http://www.muskogeephoenix.com/news/local_news/committee-approves-plan-for-special-tax-district-to-lure-industry/article_45c0193b-5ca2-5fc8-821e-f684983e8295.html
Muskogee is a burly, bootstrapping town that believes living free is worth fighting for. A crossroads of everything, Muskogee brought together cowboys and Indians, outlaws and lawmen...
The Port of Muskogee is located at River Navigation Mile 393.8 R in Muskogee, Oklahoma.


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Her Royal Highness has said she's 'delighted' that grandson Harry has found love with Suits actress Meghan...
The Queen has offered up her opinion on Prince Harry's girlfriend Meghan Markle.
Harry and Meghan have been dating for around six months now, and were recently spotted shopping for Christmas trees in London looking very smitten.
And now, Queen Elizabeth II has reportedly given her blessing to the loved up pair, with US Weekly claiming that HRH is 'fully supportive' of his grandson's choice of partner.
Read: An Onlooker Describes Prince Harry And Meghan Markle's London Date…
The Buckingham Palace insider also added that the Queen is 'delighted to see Harry in a loving relationship'. Aw.
It's not often the Queen speaks out about her family's partners, so we're so happy to hear her being so supportive of our Hazza and Megs.
It's being alleged that the Queen hasn't actually met Markle yet, but that's no surprise considering Kate Middleton reportedly had to wait a whopping five years to meet the royal. So we're guessing Meghan shouldn't be too offended right about now.
Plus, Meghan has already met Harry's big brother, Prince William, during a recent trip to London in November, and has reportedly made a good impression on Prince Charles.
Duchess Kate Middleton has yet to meet the Suits actress, but is said to be 'really keen to see what Meghan's all about', according to Us Weekly.
So, what's in store for the lovebirds this Christmas? Well, Harry and Meghan won't actually be spending the festive period together, with Meghan spending Christmas with her own family in Toronto, and Harry reportedly with the royal family at the Queen's Sandringham estate.


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Court Systems
QCI Top Coat
When your existing court needs to be revitalized and given new life, our Top-Coat service is the best call. We'll do simple repairs, touch-ups, repaint and re-stripe to make your court look and play like new.
QCI Classic
Our most popular job, the Classic is use when you need a true surface or resurfacing job including patchwork, acrylic surfacing for existing or brand new courts. Perfect for schools, colleges, and all hard-court jobs. Also utilized in basketball court construction.
QCI Premier
The Premier system is our entry level soft-court cushioned system. We use a liquid acrylic cushion to provide a slight "give" to the surface, making play easier on joints. The feel of the court is exceptional and luxurious, making it a perfect fit for private clubs and residential courts.
QCI Supreme
For high-end use, there's nothing better than Supreme. It has the soft comfort of clay courts without the sliding effect of clay. It's the answer to hard court comfort without the maintenance of clay. Perfect for private residential and elite club play.


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Shimla Guesthouses and Economy hotels in Shimla
We have listed some of the best low cost (cheap tariff) accommodation options at Shimla
|YMCA, Shimla
|A good decent and economical hotel option right on the Ridge. Best rooms at YMCA Shimla are those with attached baths in the annexe building.
Phone: 0177-2652327/ 2650021 (call during office hours)
|YWCA, Shimla
|YWCA boasts of an excellent location next to GPO Shimla. It is a guesthouse which is always in great demand and is booked well in advance.
Phone : 0177 280 3081
|Youth Hostel
|Double rooms aimed at backpackers and others who are just in Shimla just for a day or two and need nothing more than comfortable beds to sleep on.
Phone : +91-177-2801462 •Website (Online booking is possible)
|Hotel Dalziel
|Hotel Dalziel housed in a colonial building on the Mall Road offers clean and spacious rooms.
|Spars Lodge
| Peaceful guest house with a cosy ambience and rustic decor at a walking distance from Vice Regal Lodge.
Phone : 91-177- 2657908 • Website
|Hotel Woodlands
|Basic guest house type accommodation on the The Ridge
Phone : +91-177-2811002 • Website
|Shivalik Cottages
|Excellent railway lodge at Barog Station with panaromic view of the hills. You can board the toy train to reach Shimla
Phone : 01792-238814 •Website
|Hotel Dreamland
| Decent hotel located on the Ridge above the Church. Superior rooms have good views and amenities
Phone : + 91 - 177 - 2653005 •Website
|Hotel Greenland
| A budget hotel close to Market and the Circular Road
Phone : +91-177-2655640
|Hotel Ghar
| Hotel with very basic rooms but in an excellent location, right at Scandal Point. Walk-in guests are encouraged.
Phone : +91-177-2801427
The best guesthouse in whole of Shimla is "The Hotel Grand". However, Hotel Grand is open only to Government employees. There are plenty of approved homestays in and around Shimla with tariff less than Rs. 800/- per room. View the list at
Approved Shimla Homestays