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Don't be one of the stats, too many athletes focus on worthless data when overseeing their training sessions, they want to go at a certain speed while riding a bike or stick to a specific heart rate while running. People even want to know how many steps they're taking, how fast their cranks are spinning or how many calories they're burning. We are overdoing it!
Remember that every workout needs to have a purpose; recovery, maintenance, stimulation, etc. With that in mind, we then manipulate factors like duration, speed and intensity but, which metric should we use to make sense of the whole session? What is important? What should we focus on? The answer is EFFORT.
There are several data fields which I think fundamentally enclosed all we need to worry about while training, I call them Linear Effort Factors. These metrics do not depend on anything but your own body's effort. The first one is the "Rate of Perceived Exertion". RPE is the holy grail of training and whoever successfully masters it will have a great tool to gauge efforts and training quality. It's a scale from 0-10 that lets you "rate" how easy or difficult an exercise is depending on how you feel during it. Knowing your body will help you avoid overtraining, execute workouts better and push through many psychological barriers. But, what if you're like me and have no idea on how to understand your body?
We should train to improve what we have, not for the times we want! -eMMa
ON THE BIKE: Power meters changed the game and we should all consider getting one. This invention totally take the "guesswork" out of the ball game. I've noticed it very clearly during professional cycling tours the last couple of years. #1 Attacks are not fuel by passion any more, every attack is almost "orchestrated" and it goes at a certain power value depending on the terrain and conditions. "All out" is not an option anymore. #2 The power meter is a patience boost device. Riders used to get dropped and out of the race because they were going faster than they could and over-reacting to almost everything, then giving up mentally after chasing blind folded. Now a days cyclist are able to pace themselves better. By being steadier they reduce time gaps to superior riders. Equally, time trial pacing strategies are enhanced, no guesswork, this pace (watts) for X time and hold it for a long as possible. The power meter gives you all the great things without the sugar coating; what is your body exactly doing, when, for how long and how steady.
But power meters still out of budget for the average cyclist, so what options do we have? I suggest a combination of riding for time and complementing it with a heart rate monitor if available.
Go out on your bike for a set amount of time. In between you can go hard or easy for "x" minutes. Maybe climb seated for 3'00" then stand up for 2'00", is that easy. You can track progress by noticing how long it took you to complete a familiar route or how long did you lasted before getting drop on a group ride or crit. You don't need much else.
If you own a heart rate monitor use it as a complimentary tool. Because hear rate is not a direct reaction to effort, focusing totally on it during training makes little sense. Hydration status, fatigue levels and weather all affect your hrt without even starting to move.
"HRT is an indication of effort, it is an indirect one at best. Similar to tachometer on a car that tells you how fast the pistons are pumping rather than how many horsepower the engine Is producing, heart rate does no tell you the speed or power that you are generating on the bike/run but only how fast the heart is pumping." (Cutting-edge Cycling by Hunter Allen and Stephen S. Cheung)
Please stay away from using speed or cadence as your main metric. Speed is another too variable of a factor, it depends on terrain, winds, drafting, road conditions and equipment choices. Do you have control over any of those? Move on. Cadence I also consider insignificant, yes I believe in optimal cadence ranges as an efficiency tool but not to totally base your training upon it. Stay in that optimal range of 80-100 rpms, spin when possible, hammer when necessary and you should be fine.
ON THE RUN: Most on my runs I focus on time. This makes the most sense to me because It's true that every race is based on a fixed number (distance), thus running for miles would be logical, but understand that our body recognizes/responds to stimulus and those are determined by #1 how hard the training is (intensity), #2 how long it was (duration). Counting miles as your main metric therefore is pretty much worthless.
Further evidence to this point would be elite vs amateur runners training models. Yes, I know elites train more -distance- but when you study their programs they are still looking for the same stimulus we are, it just requires "more" of it to be effective on them. A 10k run may seem long for some of us, because it takes close to an hour and provides great aerobic stimulus, but for an elite runners it might take 35min which is not enough stimulus time for them to gain any fitness, therefore they run longer. Does it makes sense?
As a secondary metric while running I will look at pace. No matter how fit or raw we are, we all should all have established training zones based on recent performance and current fitness level to use as a guide. Paces, at which we refer to an effort as easy-moderate-hard.We should train to improve what we have not for the times we want! It would be a good idea to sporadically check our pace while we run for various reasons. #1 We want to make sure we are getting the correct stimulus from the workout (easy, recovery or load). #2 We can gauge the day's fatigued level and make a decision on the workout. Does it feels easy but it's slow? Are you going slow but it feels hard? listen to your body.
I've left out suggestions for swimming because I really feel like it's the most sensible discipline in terms of effort perception and how it affects training. I truly believe you need a coach on deck to guide you through most of the sessions. For its repetitive nature you can lose track of many things really easy, including pace, lap count or space awareness, when swimming in open water. If you think about it and pay some additional attention, notice how coaches even use whistles or some hand motions to guide their athletes even at swim meets, prove that many swimmers even at the elite level can struggle with pace selection and administration. But that's just me.
As you can see you have many options to measure your training and reaching for all of them at the same time can lead to an consumerism vicious. If you still want to use them all I'll say is; the winning combination is knowing how to use them all and for each one to complement the other.
- Take what your power meter/GPS watch is saying
- Determining how you're feeling by RPE
- Compare it to your hrt and see if it match or make sense.
I guess the key is to find a factor that does not depend on any element other than your own body.
At the end of the day all that really matters is completing the workouts with the least amount of effort. Get your practice done and afterwards remind yourself of what the session's purpose was, if you can effectively say you achieved it good job! Keep it up! If not, then wash, rinse & repeat.


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Why Carbs are Necessary for Your Health
22 May
Read any health and fitness magazine, website or blog and I am sure you'll have seen an article pertaining to either carbohydrates or fat. Both have been thoroughly demonised in the media over the years but sadly it's carbs that are taking the hit right now. Fat, on the other hand, has been welcomed back with open arms. At iRaw we love fat, well just the good kind. But that's for another post. Today, we're calling attention back to carbs. By the end of this post we hope to convince you why carbs are necessary for your health! Read on….
Why carbs are necessary for your health
It's been quite the rollercoaster. We had a lot of love for carbohydrates until diets like Atkins, Paleo, Dukan and Keto hit the scene. We also had a lot of research surface about the dangers of going low fat. Then we learned about sugar and things like Glycemic Index. Then we just got confused; in the flurry of upping our fat, we also decided that somewhere in there all carbs should now be avoided like the plague. The problem is we kind of got the message a bit wrong. There is actually a lot of research on the benefits of carbohydrates for both health and weight loss/maintenance. So good news, bread and pasta wont make you gain! There is a 'but' to note which we hope to explain in the next few points.
The basic idea – just like fat, the quality and type matters.
Quality Control
Study after study shows that the quality of your food matters. Not only that, it's kind of common sense. Cutting out sugar, refined grains and processed foods and while upping your fruit, vegetables and consumption of whole food carbs results in better health and weight loss. A lot of carbohydrates on the market are highly processed. Sure we have whole foods like grains, beans, legumes, fruits and vegetables but then we also have everything else: bread, pasta, sandwiches, pre-made meals etc. Sadly, the consumer tends to lean on the 'easy to cook' and/or addictive 'sugary' options.
Poor quality food that has a lot of chemicals, additives, preservatives and general crap can be very inflammatory to the body. Not only that, but the only sure test for gluten sensitivity or intolerance is to cut out the food in question. And most of the diets that go low carb do just that, they make you eliminate inflammatory foods! So the weight loss that comes a lot of the time is water weight or inflammation that has been present for a long time.
Fibre for the Gut
Carbohydrates contain fibre which is crucial for good gut health and function. Roughage, bulk, bran – whatever you want to call it. You might have noticed by the product marketing but fibre is high up on the radar right now because a lot of us are not eating enough. We focus so much on counting calories or macros, we've forgotten to focus on the micro nutrition and other important components that the rest just gets left behind.
The estimate is that we only get about 18g on average of fibre per day (females should aim for minimum 30g and males 45g per day). There's two types of fibre: soluble and insoluble. Soluble fibre (beans, pulses, fruit, veg) dissolves into liquid form and gets carried into the body while the latter (whole grains) increases the bulk and softness of waste you pass.
Benefits of fibre include bone health, bowel health and lowered cholesterol. Adding fibre to your diet is also well researched for weight loss. It breaks down at a slower rate, feeds your gut bacteria, adds roughage and keeps blood sugar stead.
Carbs for Fuel
Your body has access to two forms of fuel to make energy: carbs and fat. Carbs are the preferred source because they can be converted fast. The problem is that you can only store about 500g of carbs at any one time in the liver and muscle. On the other hand, fat is a little harder to release but when you do, it lasts a long time in a very steady format. Plus, at any one time you have around 30,000 kcals of body fat on your body available for energy.
Taking fat aside for a moment, the way carbs break down differs depending on source. You've probably heard of simple and complex carbs. As the name suggests, simple carbs break down quickly into simple sugars that enter your small intestine, get converted in glucose absorbed into your bloodstream, spiking your insulin levels. Complex carbs require more work. As the name suggested they are harder to breakdown and therefore enter the blood at a slower rate and cause a slower rise in insulin. In short, swap simple carbs for complex ones to help avoid the mid morning and afternoon slumps.
When it comes to fueling for your workout, the type of energy you eat is important. If you train at high intensity most of the time or even a few times a week (i.e. HIIT, CrossFit, Sprint type sports), you need carbs to replenish what you use up in training. On the other hand, if you're more of a slow and steady (iron man, marathon, walking, running, cycling) cardio gal/guy, then you can look to keep carbs steady and also get a good amount of fat in your diet too. As mentioned, you carry more fat for your body to use for fuel and it's during steady aerobic sessions that this happens. There's a little more on this further down.
Carbs for Weight Loss
One popular reason to avoid carbohydrates like the plague is because of weight. This idea that carbs make you fat as a result of these diets like Paleo and Keto that ask you to cut carbohydrates and increase protein and fat. And of course, a lot of people see great results. The problem is correlating the weight loss directly to carbs when there's other factors at play. At the end of the day, research now points to satiety and not deprivation when it comes to long-term weight loss and maintenance.
[1] There are studies comparing low fat with low carb for weight loss. The results have shown time and time again that it doesn't matter which one you do, you will lose weight if you restrict calories and/or focus on the quality of food sources. This goes to the idea of popular diets on the market – they all work! The goal is to find one you can sustain long term and that works for you. So low carb or low fat will work.
[2] Inflammation: Going back to this notion of food quality point above.
How Much?
The nutritional science behind carbs and how they are processed by the body is complex because your body reacts differently depending on the source.
The NHS recommends that you don't exceed 260 grams of carbohydrates per day. But this is a very broad guideline. It will change depending on your body type, your weight, your exercise routine and the rest of your diet. It's a good starting point though and there's loads of other guidelines you can find. Another example calculation is 1g per pound of bodyweight or 40% of your daily caloric intake. Use any of these as a starting point and adjust as needed with each week. Try to divide it evenly throughout the day. Ideally have most of your carbs around your training. This is because resistance training increases insulin sensitivity post workout so you use up carbs more efficiently.
So there you have it – Why carbs are necessary for your health. There's quite a lot in here, and still an awful lot more we can continue to talk and dig into. At iRaw we thought long and hard about this. We create products that are rich in complex carbs and fibre, full of nutrient density. These provide the right kind of energy to keep you satisfied and on track with your diet and lifestyle goals.
Other posts on the topic:

subset: commoncrawl


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Club Info & Events
The December meeting starts at 6 PM
President's Message
Season's Greetings,
Hope everyone had a wonderful Thanksgiving. I'm just getting
over a food coma and, will hopefully be hungry again in time for
our Holiday Gathering. I hear the veggie pizza is to die for…LOL.
But, seriously we have quite a night planned and smoking is allowed
in the building. Tom has done a great job at playing Santa's
helper throughout the past year and has really come up with some
great stuff.
I am going to keep it short and sweet this month as there is no
real pressing business to discuss. I do want everyone to know that
we are close to 220 members on our Facebook page and we have people
from all over the world interested in Sherlock Holmes, piping and
what we are all about. Please as ambassador's post as often
as you can. Let everyone know that we are a thriving bunch. I have
a few things on the fire for the New Year but, most importantly
I reached out to Johnny Rez and hopefully he will be stopping by
on Tuesday night. I reached out to him as a request from Eric…Ya
know that guy that looks like Santa…he wanted to get some
ideas about a pipe and tobacco roll up combo pouch. Since Johnny
works with leather we thought it would be a great idea to explore
the possibility of having something commissioned, complete with
the SHPC logo/brand. We could offer these online to our Facebook
friends as well as the pins we discussed.
No matter where you faith lies this time of the year we all seem
to get somewhat caught up in the commercialization and the hustle
and bustle of the season. Tricia and I have adopted a family this
season that is on the verge of being homeless. It's a single
mother of 24 and her 7 year old daughter. Right now they share space
in a very bad drug infested atmosphere in New Bedford and, while
mom works a very good job she just can't seem to make ends
meet and makes too much to be eligible for any assistance. I am
going to be bringing some tobacco related items to the meeting on
Tuesday with no price. Just a bunch of items and an honor box, you
can drop a dollar or two or fifty in the box and take an item. The
money will go towards getting this family a good apartment in a
stable school system. Check
out this website if you would like to know more.
God Bless, Kevin
Peterson Orange Army prince, sterling silver
GBD Prestige bulldog, unsmoked, circa 1970s
Kaywoodie Shellcraft billiard, date stamped "17"
Missouri Meerschaum gift pack, two pipes, lighter
& tobacco
Fourth Generation leather tobacco pouch
Peterson stainless flask
Mystery of the Killer Pipe - Chapter
you seen this Scott?" he asked as he tossed a newspaper
on his desk. Scott picked the paper up and immediately spotted
the article about the pipe theft and murder. "I've
read this, but why is it important enough to bring you here?"
he said as he handed the paper back to the chief.
The chief told him, "I've had a call from Interpol.
For many years, they have been on the trail of a Gerald Smyth
a known thief of jewelry, valuable art and historical artifact.
They believe he is responsible for the theft of the pipe from
India in 1940, and now the theft of the pipe again, and murder
of Baron Alfred Kunz in Augsburg Austria. It's Interpol's
opinion that Kunz is the person who hired Smyth to do the India
Job. All recent investigative efforts indicate Smyth will land
in Boston today to perhaps deliver the pipe stolen from Baron
Alfred Kunz. Or, if he didn't steal it for someone, put
it up for auction."
"So, what does this have to do with me?" Scott asked.
Read Chapter 2
Christmas Pipe by Jean Shepherd
It has become a tradition to
put this audio clip up for the December edition of the SHPC
Gazette. I hope you all enjoy listening to it again.
Jean Shepherd was a famous radio show host on WOR radio in
New York. You may also recognize his voice as Ralphie's conscience
in "The Christmas Story".
If you're a Sherlock Holmes fan you'll know that The Blue
Carbuncle is the only Sherlock Holmes Adventure that centers
around the Christmas season. Listen here for free.
it out].
Have A Great Holiday Season!
Seuss (excerpted
from Wikipedia) - go
Theodor Seuss Geisel -
March 2, 1904 – September 24, 1991) was a German-American
author, political cartoonist, poet, animator, book publisher,
and artist, best known for authoring more than 60 children's
books under the pen name Dr. Seuss. His work includes several
of the most popular children's books of all time, selling
over 600 million copies and being translated into more than
20 languages by the time of his death.
Geisel adopted the name "Dr. Seuss"
as an undergraduate at Dartmouth College and a graduate
student at the University of Oxford. He left Oxford in 1927
to begin his career as an illustrator and cartoonist for
Vanity Fair, Life, and various other publications.
Geisel was born and raised in Springfield,
Massachusetts, the son of Henrietta and Theodor Robert Geisel.
All four of his grandparents were German immigrants. His
father managed the family brewery and was later appointed
to supervise Springfield's public park system by Mayor John
A. Denison after the brewery closed because of Prohibition
After the war, Geisel and his wife moved
to La Jolla, CA. where he focused on children's books once
again, writing classics like If I Ran the Zoo (1950), Horton
Hears a Who! (1955), If I Ran the Circus (1956), The Cat
in the Hat (1957), How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (1957),
and Green Eggs and Ham (1960). He published over 60 books
during his career, which have spawned numerous adaptations,
including 11 television specials, four feature films, a
Broadway musical, and four television series.
He won the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award in
1958 for Horton Hatches the Egg and again in 1961 for And
to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street. Geisel's birthday,
March 2, has been adopted as the annual date for National
Read Across America Day, an initiative on reading created
by the National Education Association. [Read
More on Dr. Seuss:
| Dr.Suess
G.L. Pease Gaslight
Daughters & Ryan English Hoopla
McClelland Celebrated Sovereign
McClelland Yenidje Highlander
Captain Earle's Ten Russians
Mac Baren Symphony
Hearth & Home Marquee BlackHouse
Mac Baren Golden Extra
G.L. Pease Stonehenge Flake
Ratray's Red Rapparee
G.L. Pease Quiet Nights
Robert Lewis Winfield Mixture
Former Pipes 50th Anniversary
McClelland Wilderness
Brebbia Balkan:
Robert McConnell Original Oriental
Stanwell Melange
Dunhill Nightcap
Cult Conspiracy
Samuel Gawith Bothy Flake:
McClelland Dominican Glory
Cornell & Diehl Adagio
Daughters & Ryan London Dock
Peretti Thanksgiving Day
Cornell & Diehl Bridge Mixture
Barling Tradition Full
Dunhill Flake
Squire Radio
Below are links to the Country Squire Radio
episodes that aired since the last Gazette. See them live
on Monday Evenings at around 8:30 PM Central Time on YouTube
| Website
(9:30 Eastern Time)
Radio Show
Below are links to the Pipes Magazine Radio episodes that
aired since the last Gazette. iTunes
| Website
(Live Tuesday evenings 8 PM )
Holmes Around the Web
Hear of Sherlock Everywhere (IHOSE)
delightful way to spend an evening with Holmes as your affable
co hosts Scott Monty and Burt Wolder share their unique
perspectives and sense of humor. Find out more than you
ever thought possible about the greatest pipe smoker that
never lived.
Shows come out twice a month. iTunes
| Website


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Bitcoin has received a sudden boost from Christine Lagarde, subsequent to the head of the International Monetary Fund comprehensive the global advantages of cryptocurrency. Ms Lagarde composed at a blog post that cryptocurrencies like Bit-coin could let rapid and inexpensive trades, whilst the inherent blockchain technology might produce monetary markets much safer. The cost of the earth's most effective cryptocurrency returned over $8, 000 after the publication of Ms. Lagarde remarks, nevertheless it is unclear in the event the profits are directly conducive to the content. As a couple technology which arose from the dot com age have changed our lives, the crypto assets that survive could possess a big influence on the way individuals save, spend and invest our debts, Ms Lagarde composed in the blogpost.
Ms Lagarde revealed opinions she did in the Bank of England a year that called for an even handed way of regulation, with the expectation harnessing the benefits while simultaneously diluting the risks. Before crypto assets could transform financial actions at a meaningful and lasting fashion, they ought to secure the support and confidence of clients and governments, Ms Lagarde wrote. A crucial preliminary measure would probably be to accomplish a consensus inside the global regulatory group upon the job crypto resources needs to play. Because crypto resources know no boundaries, international collaboration will probably be very important.
Last month, Ms Lagarde expressed her worry regarding cryptocurrencies in an alternative blog-post branded: Tackling the Dark Side Effects of their crypto universe. Indoors, she also explained the possible peril which comes along side the warranty, due to this decentralized and semi anonymous temperament of these technology. Such drawbacks incorporate the funds of terrorism along with brand new techniques of income laundering, and easing purchasing drugs and weapons around the web. Cryptocurrency markets can be notoriously difficult to forecast and analysis is frequently suspended in speculation, nevertheless pros believe that the price can have become the consequence of the couple of actors.
Personally, I think that the growth was due to a massive real estate investor, Olga Feldmeier, CEO of block chain start-up Smart Valor, " told The Independent the other day. You will find so many institutions, hedge funds and huge investors awaiting the to measure in. Bitcoin has been able to sustain unprecedented gains, and with all the cost steadying approximately $8, 000 recently. This might have been aided by valuable information in the crypto currency area, like an Islam scholar announcing that the digital asset halal below Sharia Law. The comments from Ms Lagarde is very likely to add to a optimistic opinion and can have induced the market's most recent uptick.
For more details about Bitcoin go to this webpage.


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There's a lot of interesting stuff here from someone who is both an accomplished writer and teacher, but a few things in particular stood out to me.
Barthelme says that the only rule he has in his writing workshops is that his students aren't allowed to mention the weather in their stories, saying that it saves pages of "ordinary" language. Now obviously, great stories can still mention meteorological phenomena, but the central insight in this idea is that the writer should avoid that which is isn't there own. In other words, when you force yourself to abandon conventional modes of setting scene, mood, themes, et cetera, it leads you on the pursuit of something much more interesting. Rules or exercises like the one Barthelme suggests teach you that there are always infinitely many ways in which you can communicate with your audience, meaning that the "ordinary" is not always what suits a work best. One should always stop themselves after every sentence and ask, "where have I seen this before" and "should it be used here." Its a long and convoluted way of saying, how can I say something fresh, and how can I make this story a product of myself.
This leads me to his next major point at around 19 minutes into the interview, where he talks about clarity and accessibility. He talks about how though his works might appear difficult, in the process of writing, he avoids being "needlessly obscure" in favor of being "needfully obscure". Needful obscurity, for Barthelme, is created when a work pairs two things that are very unlike together. This pairing is where the ability of fiction to communicate with the reader becomes very important. The writer making connections where others don't see them is what makes for a challenging, but also engaging, read.


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Search the Community
Showing results for tags 'nhl'.
Found 706 results
Defunct Team League
The Easter Beagle posted a topic in Sports Fan FictionHave you ever wondered what happens when a team relocates or folds? I think the obvious choice would be "Their the same team, just moved." Well, that's bull. What really happens is they move on to a better league. The Defunct League. We have teams like the Atlanta Thrashers and Flames, the Hamilton Tigers, Hartford Whalers, Quebec Nordiques and more! Let's play hockey again!
The Stanley Cup Winners Playoffs
The Easter Beagle posted a topic in Sports Fan FictionAlong with my baseball league, I had the thought of making a Stanley Cup Winners playoffs. Each team will wear a patch with their logo from that year, along with the Stanley Cup and the year they won it, like this Each one will be separated into Regions. Ex. 1990's winner plays 2000's Anyways, lets see who wins playoffs #1! Shutdown
Interesting Sports Facts and Statistics
fouhy12 posted a topic in Sports In GeneralI searched through threads for the past year and couldn't find anything like this, so I figured I would post it. The idea behind this thread is to post interesting facts or statistics that a lot of people don't know. It'll essentially be the answers to trivia questions. I've got two interesting ones to start this thread off. The Minnesota Vikings were the first team to kick an extra point from the 15-yard line. Tom Brady has played two games at University of Phoenix Stadium, but he has never played the Cardinals there. The Pats have played two Super Bowls there, but only played the Cardinals at home since the stadium was built.
When I was in my early teens, my parents bought me NCAA Football 98 for the computer. I really enjoyed the game, and it was very well-designed for the most part: 100+ schools; full-season play with rankings, major bowl games, and major awards; school fight songs; decent playbooks; something approximating logos on the helmets. It was a very good game for the late 1990s---not as good as the Football Pro series overall, but distinctly collegiate and lots of fun. Anyway, despite the overall quality, there were two details that I have since learned were wrong. One, LSU by default wears yellow jerseys over white pants at home in that game. Two, Missouri's colors are green and gold in the game instead of black and gold. (Come to think of it, I think the latter was also the case in that college hoops game for the Super Nintendo even earlier.) I was wondering: have you guys and gals noticed any similar errors in other games? (Incidentally, Football Pro 98 has the Eagles wearing kelly-green-and-gray even though they were in their second season with their current and inferior color scheme.)
Players on the "RIGHT" Team, but "WRONG" Uniform
kimball posted a topic in Sports LogosWe have the Players in the "Wrong" Uniforms thread and within that thread I've seen a few "Right Team, Wrong Uniform" entries. I thought I'd separate the two, because it is an interesting topic of its' own. Here are a few to start the thread off with ... Charles Barkley, Preseason 1992, Phoenix Suns Matt Hasselbeck, 2001, Seattle Seahawks Jeff Bagwell, 1992, Houston Astros.
Alternative Leagues: This Time We'll Get It Right!
Red Comet posted a topic in Sports In GeneralI've seen this idea get bounced around for a thread and in the wake of the demise of the AAF, I feel now is a good time to discuss how an alternative league can potentially survive (and with a few strokes of luck, even thrive). While I'm focusing on alternatives to the Big 4 sports leagues in North America (NFL, MLB, NBA and NHL) as that is what I know, discussing alternatives to leagues outside of North America is obviously welcome. As for a potential alternative (American) football league, here are a few starters that would help IMO: 1. Have a secure source of funding and be willing to lose tens of millions of dollars to start. 2. Don't try to beat the established leagues right off the bat. After all, you have to prove that you can stick around as the longest lasting league since the NFL-AFL merger was the United Football League. 3. Maintain a smaller staff compared to an NFL team. This is obvious. Keep expenses down as much as possible. 4. Get a TV/streaming contract. Streaming is the next evolution of TV but get a TV contract because not everyone can access Internet fast enough to stream. Clearly this is nowhere near a complete list of steps necessary to establish a foothold in the sports market but it's a start.
Bold NHL Series That I Can't Really Think of a Name ForDoodling led to some ideas for a bolder, brighter NHL with more attitude so I figured I'd flesh some out, starting with the Lightning. Not sure how many teams I'll do, but it won't be the whole league, just whatever interesting ideas come to me. Also help me name this series once you get the flavor cause I don't know what the heck to call this thing. Hope you enjoy! Thanks for watching as always!
What if certain teams/franchises in the NHL never rebranded or moved cities? Many other people have done their own renditions, so I figured I'd throw my hat in the ring too. Starting off, what if the LA Kings never adopted the colors of their then neighbors the LA Raiders? In 1988, at the introductory press conference for Wayne Gretzky no less, the Kings unveiled their brand new logo, jersey, and colors. If they hadn't changed the latter, what would the Great One's jersey have looked like? Rather than just recolor the logo from that era, I took the logo used in promotional materials throughout the '80s and cleaned it up. The speed lines are gone for an overall cleaner look to the KINGS text. The striping pattern on the jersey mimics the outlines of the logo and fits with the aesthetics of the time . Version 1 - Single outlined numbers Version 2 - Double outlined numbers C&C is always appreciated. Tomorrow, the Kings introduce their first alternate jersey!
NHL City Heritage Alternates (Carolina up 3/28)This is an idea I've had for a while, Basically I make an alternate for every NHL team, inspired by a uniform that a defunct franchise in the same city wore. I've got a list of defunct teams that each NHL team will have an alt for, but if you have any suggestions, feel free to say them, and I'll use that team instead. First up is the Anaheim Ducks, inspired by the RHI's Anaheim Bullfrogs. The Bullfrogs' jerseys weren't too crazy for the 90s, featuring a diamond yoke and diagonal side panels. For this concept, I changed the diamond to a triangle to fit with the template, and added a similar pattern to the Ducks' orange alt to the yoke ad side panels. I added the cuffs to make the arms less bare. Lastly, I changed the Ducks' gold to the yellow that the Bullfrogs used. Thoughts? C&C is appreciated!
All Sports City "Name" SeriesThought i'd do a fun little concept, integrating every team into the teams city name, making a kind of cool design using the teams' names. Not as much of a team concept, but more of a miscellaneous concept series. Let me know what you think and what city you'd like to see! First up, my original home, New York City, featuring every team in the NY metro area. I will start with the five sport cities/metro areas, then four, then three (if i get that far).
Variations on the Canucks (03-03: Lumberjack Gradient)Hello everyone, and Happy New Year! So there are lots of cool Seattle NHL concepts right now (yay!), but I thought I'd try my hand at our soon-to-be archrivals, the Vancouver Canucks! As I'm sure you're all aware, Vancouver hockey has had a bazillion different identities. Here's an overview of Vancouver's hockey history for those who are unfamiliar: In this series, I'll try to combine or introduce different styles to some logos through their history. The uniform template I will use is this Adidas template by Matthew McElroy. Please enjoy, and let me know if you have any combo recommendations!
Seattle NHL Brand Discussion
Toronto206 posted a topic in Sports LogosThis isn't necessarily for next season, but here are renderings for a renovated Key Arena, one from each group vying to be the ones to make the changes. This would most likely give Seattle (according to their estimates) a team by 2020. .
NoE38's Hockey Concepts (Senators Alternate up 2/19)Started this thread so that I don't have to start a new one everytime I post a new concept. Kicking things off are the Nashville Predators! I Kept things pretty simple here, using a pattern inspired by their Reebok jerseys. The pattern is the exact same on all three jerseys. On the alt, I used a recoloured version of their original logo. Any C&C is appreciated!
Newbie NHL Redesign +Islanders
Midwest_surfer posted a topic in ConceptsHello. I am an animator and video editor and I have been working on and off on a logo redesign project for the better part of a year now (with long stretches of inactivity) as a way to get better at illustrator and I thought I would make an account here for some critique. I started really getting in to logo design when I came across a black and white and horribly pixelated design for a Fleur De Lis that I thought could be made into a St. Louis Blues logo, and after contacting the owner of the shop and asking about it and if I could mess with it, I did. I didn't really think it worked well as a main logo, but I did think it worked as a shoulder patch. I did it in a couple other colors as well and took the wordmark from the actual St. Louis Blues sheet music after an idea from the kind folks on the Blues subreddit. Over a year later I thought I decided I needed to get better at illustrator so I started designing alternate/shoulder logos for the rest of the league. I'm "done" with about 1/4 of the league at this point. Please let me know what you think and I would love to hear suggestions on what I need to improve on, but keep in mind I dont really know what I am doing. Also, if there is a better way to format this let me know. St. Louis Original: Wordmark: Colors: Revision: I did Minnesota next, where I thought a roundel logo would look cool. I did two variants of the same logo and one that was a riff on their main logo. 1: 2: 3: Colorado This one I actually think could stand up as a main logo. I got rid of their ugly "Millennium swoops' Winnipeg Classic colors: Modern Colors: Revision: Toronto: based on the city of Toronto's flag Ottowa: I wanted to play off their older logo that everyone loves so much without just making it an exact copy Revision: Buffalo: I took the crossed swords from their red logo days and put them behind the skull I drew. Penguins: I replaced the iconic triangle with a Pennsylvania keystone. Hopefully that doesn't make me a heretic. Revision: I put the penguin in a complete keystone and I like it, but I still think the half keystone looks better. Lightning: Honestly something's missing from this one, but everything I add makes it look worse so I decided to ask you all what you think. the L works pretty good but it seems empty. Again, these aren't really meant to replace the logo front of the jersey, most are meant to be shoulder patches, but this one feels empty. Revision: Wordmark: I thought trying to make it a wordmark would work a little bit better, and it does in some aspects, but it feels really empty still. Canadiens: I took the Fleur from the Montreal flag and tried to turn it in to an "M"which I think works pretty well, but I do think it needs some more polishing. I don't really like this better than their current logo but I think something like it could work as a shoulder patch 1: 2: Stars: I took their old star logo and updated the colors and added a recolored Texas flag. Then I removed the wordmark and had the star go through the middle of a D in the same style as the other letters 1: 2: After a bit of a hiatus, I am back. I took the Spirit of Detroit and added wings to it. I am not sure if I want to add something in his hands but I am pretty proud of this logo My ham-fisted attempt to make the Wings one more Art Deco: I have had this Preds logo in my back pocket for a little while now, its super simple and is kind of a combination of their shoulder patch and chest logo. I plan on doing another one for the Preds as well but I thought I'd post this one just to get an idea of what you guys think Bruins: I changed the black to brown and put a modern style bear logo in the middle of the spokes, I think it could work as an alt shoulder patch. Panthers: In my honest opinion, the Panthers shoulder logo is absolutely perfect, so I can't do better than that. I'm working on a retro nose art one but if I can't find any reference images this will be what I work off of
NHL Adidas ConceptsColumbus Blue Jackets Stripes inspired by Ohio Flag St. Louis Blues Based on their 2017 winter classic jersey Washington Capitals Features 13 stripes on the front of the jersey
Dallas Winter Classic 2020 (Brand & Uniforms)So we learned at this year's NHL Winter Classic that the 2020 Winter Classic will be hosted by the Dallas Stars and held at Cotton Bowl Stadium on new year's day of the new decade. We don't know who they're playing yet however, once we do I'm sure concepts will really start rollin' so I wanted to be one of the first. I selected their opponent as the Minnesota Wild, because right now they're the most popular choice, the backstory's great, and it just... has to happen. Come on, who wouldn't wanna watch two enemy fanbases bicker over history as they stir a cup of cocoa with their last candy cane? I know I would. Plus they're the closest thing the Stars have to a rival rn. Anyway, as usual, the WC branding in my concept is neutral, no team colors. The shape is based off of a mounted animal head plaque, like you'd see on a hunter's wall, only with a freakishly large deer head attached to the front of it. Mounted animal heads, although a tad barbaric, are a symbol of hard-fought victory in the winter, no place more than in Texas, making it a good metaphor for the WC game. The rest of the logo serves as that trophy, in a way, symbolizing two teams hunting a win. The top part part of the badge is shaped like the top of Cotton Bowl stadium's facade and the t part of the "Winter" is a pair of mounted bull horns (nod to the Texas Longhorns) spearing a puck . Making the "Winter" part of the logo icy white and blue just seemed wrong for Dallas, who's not known for its frigid winters, so I opted for cream. The bright orange? I... don't really even know, I just like the boldness of it (TEXAS!!!) and I admit, w/ a touch of shame, I got most of my inspiration from Texas Roadhouse's decor. It's just such concentrated Texas-ness. I hope it works! Dallas' Unis are inspired by the old Dallas Texans and Minny's are kinda... playing North Stars dress-up. The striping's the same from their 60's years. They couldn't get away with any more, but they gotta get a nod in there for spiciness. Thank you so much for watching, let me know what you think, C&C always!
NHL Color Explosion SeriesTaking a page from the NFL's Color Rush uniforms, I decided to go above and beyond just a color rush jersey for the 31 NHL teams, it's a color explosion! Pretty much only two colors may represent the team and pant colors must be the same as the jersey. I will be going in order of team founding, not by division or A-Z. As always, any comments are welcome. To get things started, here are the first three of the Original Six: Montreal Canadiens: Boston Bruins: Chicago Blackhawks: Up Next: The remaining Original Six teams...
Dallas Stars Winter Classic ConceptOn Tuesday, the NHL announced that the Dallas Stars would be hosting the next Winter Classic. While it might not make the most sense to be hosting the Winter Classic in Texas, I immediately got really excited. Even though we don't have a game logo or know the opposing team, I wanted to put something together with my ideas for what the Stars should wear for the game. Before I start, I put the designs together on @JB Designs's beautiful hockey template. I wanted to make the Stars look like they were around in 1930 when the Cotton Bowl was built. I tried to go for a more Art Deco inspired look while still keeping the modern Stars in mind. A simple Art Deco "Dallas" wordmark covers the front, with additional star patches you could almost pull from the 30s. Instead of the Star's current two white stripes and one black stripe sleeve design, I went with a double black stripe to make it feel a little more old school. A special, simple fauxback logo appears around the uniform. In general, I tried to keep it as simple as possible and keep it rooted in the present as much as I could.
Seattle has an NHL team
Brian in Boston posted a topic in Sports In GeneralThe Associated Press is reporting that the NHL Board of Governors has unanimously approved granting an expansion franchise to Seattle, Washington. The team - the NHL's 32nd - will begin play with commencement of the league's 2021-2022 season. NHL adds Seattle as league's 32nd team, play begins in 2021
It's been a few months since my last thread, so I figured I'd start a new one. Hopefully I can keep this going for a while and maybe even finish it. As we all know, many of the recent outdoor jerseys have drawn plenty of criticism. In this series I'm revisiting every NHL outdoor sweater to fix the problems that ruined the uniforms. I'm starting with the most recent game and working backwards all the way to the first Heritage Classic in 2003. Here we go! 2018 STADIUM SERIES - ANNAPOLIS, MD WASHINGTON CAPITALS While the Capitals' uniforms weren't terrible, they could use some improvement. The "cummerbund" is no longer an issue and the white yoke is now red. I also added elements that represent the city of DC while also giving a nod to the US military. TORONTO MAPLE LEAFS The original uniforms were hard to look at, especially in person, as I went to the game. I got rid of the white pants and added a few things here and there that again represent the city of the team and their country's military. C&C is welcome and appreciated.
Not your typical Seattle NHL concept (Pilots, Tritons, Seagulls)Here you have some ideas I developed. They are not your usual Seattle logos and color schemes (maybe not exactly the Tritons...). Hope you enjoy my work, maybe I stretched out too far from the traditional path, let me know.
Seattle NHL Concepts
Black Dragon posted a topic in ConceptsSeattle Seals http://imgur.com/rcomW9d http://imgur.com/ME8uvIP
NHL Seattle ConceptsI've been working on some ideas lately surrounding the name and logo for the future NHL team in Seattle and I wanted to share them here. I have shared these with the @SeattleSinBin Twitter account and he has posted them to get feedback from Seattle hockey fans. The response has been mixed, with many people seeming to like the logos, but not responding favorably to the color schemes for either concept (too similar to the Portland Timbers and OKC Thunder for many people's liking). I've always felt that the Seattle navy & neon green color scheme would be great for continuity's sake with the Seahawks and Sounders, but not so great for the sake of originality or differentiating ourselves from the blue & green color palette already being used by the Vancouver Canucks. Here are the concepts: Seattle Pilots Seattle Breakers I have a couple other ideas for logos that I plan on exploring for Steelheads and Kraken, and I'll see if I can come up with some other options that are a little more unique to the standard list of names being mentioned for the future NHL team.
NHL 19 Concepts (Responses Needed)
Black Dragon posted a topic in Conceptshttps://i.imgur.com/uODvMy0.jpg
Adidas NHL Throwback Jerseys
LETSGOBLUEBEATMSU posted a topic in Sports LogosAdidas has now come out with throwback NHL Jerseys.


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News is something that reaches out to each and everyone in the whole world. It is a very popular and strong weapon to reach out to the masses. People from every nook and corner of the world nowadays prefer to update themselves with the very latest news. This is done with the help of various news sources like newspapers, television, online news, news blogs, and news alerts via cell phones, etc.
The newspapers and television channels and news websites broadcast news in such a way that the main news headlines are highlighted. Thus, in this way, even if people can't read the whole story of whatsoever is going around, they at least have a brief idea about the whereabouts of the nation.
Television is regarded as the most popular source of delivering news to the public. All the current news is broadcasted as news headline thus making it easier for the viewers to understand the news. There are various news channels in different languages. So, we can choose the language according to our own convenience which indeed helps us to understand the news in a better way.
Newspapers are another prominent medium of delivering news to the people. Newspapers have all the latest and current news related to sports, entertainment, politics, health and beauty, celebrity gossip, etc. Newspapers, too, are available in different language and thus, one can read the latest news headlines in their own preferable language which will help them in understanding the news in a better way.
Today news is also made available to us on internet which is considered to be the fastest and most convenient way to find the latest news. This is because a lot of people are so occupied with their work that they hardly get time to watch television or read newspapers. Thus Flowdelatino.com news portal proves to be a blessing for Latin America people as it helps in saving time. Flowdelatino.com gathers all the news updates from Spanish speaking websites and news blogs and can be accessed from anywhere and at anytime. Flowdelatino's news online is the same as TV news, in fact online news is more fresh as it is updated in every couple of minutes.


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English Teaching Volunteer Work Abroad in Bolivia
Bolivia is one of the poorest and least developed countries in Latin America. With the English being the language of much international business and commerce, students are very keen to learn. The standards of conversational English teaching are usually not high, so students are keen to develop good spoken language skills wherever possible, which is where you can help as a volunteer English teacher.
You can work as an English teaching volunteer in Bolivia without a formal teaching qualification, and you do not need to have a TEFL certificate. Whether you want to volunteer teaching during your gap year, career break or as part of an extended holiday period, you will have a role to play on one of our volunteer placements.
Teach English Language in University with Projects Abroad
Our main teaching project in Bolivia is located at the University of San Simon, in the town of Cochabamba, teaching English to University students.
As a volunteer teacher at the University in Bolivia, you can expect to teach between about 18 and 20 hours a week, but remember you'll need more time to prepare a structured lesson. Teaching students who will often be a similar age to yourself is often fun and rewarding. They have chosen to study at University and so want to be there, and just because they are not school children it doesn't mean they won't enjoy playing games in your lesson - it will certainly make a change from their regular lectures! Your supervisor will be happy to guide you with lesson ideas if necessary.
The main University holidays take place from mid December to the end of March. During this time we run our own popular Projects Abroad language classes. These are entirely programmed and run by Projects Abroad and are managed by Bolivia Director, Daniela Viljoen. In the past these English classes have been given to all levels of English students, from beginners to advanced, however Projects Abroad volunteers will now be working alongside the University of San Simon to help prepare final year students for their aptitude tests in either English or French.
Volunteers who work on the holiday English or French classes will help prepare students in the areas of listening and comprehension as well as conversation and oral practice. The English proficiency exam is based on the Oxford University English Language test, and the French test is based on the DELF and DALF proficiency exams.
Volunteering on a Teaching Project in Bolivia
The level of English in Cochabamba, a vibrant university town in the central highlands is generally low. This is because Quechua - a language indigenous to this region of the Andes - is the native tongue for most local people; Spanish is their second language. However, English is viewed as an increasingly important language to learn.
At the University of San Simon in particular, English is seen as a gateway to learning - to more books, to different professions and ultimately to international jobs. Away from the tourist trail, Cochabamba doesn't generally attract a lot of native English speakers so, as a Projects Abroad volunteer, the linguistics department will welcome you with open arms!
The levels of English vary from beginner to advanced, so do let us know if you have a teaching preference. Similarly, if you are - or have been - a university student yourself, let us know the subject area you studied and we may be able to match you up with groups of students from that discipline. Then you can use your common interests for conversation and to help them build up a relevant vocabulary.
You can read more detailed information about the aims of the project in our Bolivia Teaching Management Plan.
You can also assist your students to contribute to the 'Cocha-Banner', an English-language newspaper distributed within the city. For more information please follow this link to our Journalism in Bolivia project.
This is a great placement if you want to learn Spanish. By working at the University, you'll make friends with Spanish-speaking adults, with whom you may want to socialise, and you'll stay with a Spanish-speaking host-family which will also improve your Spanish language skills immeasurably. You could also choose to take part in one of our Spanish Language Courses
+44 (0) 1273 007230


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Information for Women
Our blog provides our patients and our prospective patients information on gynaecological pathologies and pregnancy related conditions.
It is important, where possible, to prevent the pathologies before they become a disease and also to diagnose and treat the diseases timely before they lead to any complications.
26/11/2018 Ovarian Cysts
A cyst is a fluid filled sac. It is normal to find cysts on the ovaries and most are as a result of the normal ovarian functioning (functional cysts). Occasionally these cysts will grow too big and may cause symptoms. If they are small, they usually disappear without treatment but if they are big or symptoms become severe, the cyst(s) may need to be removed.
Other types of cysts may develop on the ovary which are not part of the normal functioning of the ovary. Such benign cysts include endometriomas, cystadenomas and dermoid cysts. Rarely ovarian cysts can be cancerous.
A cyst may be detected on internal examination but will usually require a pelvic ultrasound scan to make a diagnosis. When a cyst does need to be removed this can usually be done using keyhole surgery (laparoscopy) which enables a much quicker recovery, has less impact on future fertility and helps to preserve normal ovarian tissue. Occasionally more major surgery may be required.
14/01/2018 Pregnancy and Flu Jab
During pregnancy, a woman's immune system naturally weakens to ensure that the pregnancy is successful and leaves her less able to fight off infections. That means if a woman catches the flu while pregnant she has a higher chance of getting bronchitis or pneumonia. Pregnant women with flu are also at a greater risk of having a miscarriage, giving birth early or having a baby with a low birthweight. We are very concerned that only four in 10 pregnant women have taken up the offer of a flu jab so far this winter. Flu can be a very serious illness in pregnant women and the best way to avoid getting this is by having the vaccination. We often hear from women who are concerned the vaccine will harm their baby, but current evidence shows it is safe during pregnancy.
23/08/2017 Putting on too much weight in pregnancy
Eating too much during pregnancy and putting on too much weight can be detrimental to both mother and baby. Women who are overweight during pregnancy are at an increased risk of having a miscarriage and developing conditions such as gestational diabetes, high blood pressure and pre-eclampsia. They are also more likely to have a premature baby, require a Caesarean section, experience a haemorrhage after birth or develop a clot which can be life-threatening. In addition, overweight women have bigger babies who are themselves more likely to become obese and have significant health problems as a result.
10/5/2017 Egg Freezing
Egg Freezing success rate is low (around 15%) therefore it may not be a good idea to delay pregnancy even if you wish to freeze your eggs.
Technological improvements in oocyte vitrification (egg freezing) offer young healthy women the possibility of preserving oocytes until the less fertile years of life. This science is in its infancy and many practical and ethical issues remain. Chances of healthy pregnancy resulting from a vitrified oocyte are small (10%-15%), so many eggs should be collected and frozen to give a realistic chance of success later on. This exposes the healthy woman to superovulation and oocyte collection with concomitant hazards, albeit small. The best age for oocyte vitrification is probably under 30 years, resulting in medicalisation of relatively young women. Unrealistic reliance on their store of vitrified oocytes may lead women to defer pregnancy for many years only to experience disappointment when the stored oocytes later fail to fertilise or implant. Also, anxieties about the effects of prolonged vitrification on the offspring remain. Nevertheless, oocyte vitrification has attracted considerable interest, although this treatment is currently not widely available in the NHS.
10/5/2017 Reproductive Ageing
Women over 35 years of age are at increased risk of early pregnancy and obstetric and neonatal complications. The older woman is more likely to experience stillbirths, miscarriage or ectopic pregnancies. In the general population, the risk of miscarriage in a woman 35–39 years of age is 24%, and doubles to 51% at 40–44 years of age if the woman conceives with her own, rather than donor, eggs. Obstetric complications associated with increased maternal age include gestational diabetes, placenta praevia, placenta abruption, hypertension and caesarean section. Older women are also more likely to be nulliparous, require assisted reproductive therapy for conception and have multiple pregnancies naturally and after assisted reproductive therapy, all of which are risk factors for increased obstetric and neonatal morbidity. Advice to women using routes such as schools, media, general practice and family planning should consistently reflect that the optimal age for childbearing is between 20 and 35 years, for obstetric as well as for reproductive health reasons.
01/02/2017 Sexual Health
The emotional and physical issues that can occur from mistaken and late diagnosis of sexual health concerns can have long-lasting effects. Our sexual health consultations and Well Woman Checks help to protect our patients and provide them with clear and up-to-date guidance. From smears, infection screens and contraceptive information to detailed examinations into recurring conditions such as cystitis, thrush and herpes, we provide expert advice and access to comprehensive treatment. This can also include help for partners to reduce the risk of transmission or re-infection.
29/01/2017 Gynaecology Yearly Check Up
Our yearly check up package provides women a piece of mind. It involves detailed consultation with Consultant Gynaecologist, smear and swab tests and a gynaecological ultrasound to diagnose problems in the uterus, ovaries and the tubes such as fibroids, polyps, ovarian cysts. Our state of art clinics are based at two locations (at Harley Street and at Chelsea) in London.
02/12/2016 Gynaecological Cancers
Some women may have higher risk of developing ovarian or uterine cancer. The family history, genetic associations and other cancers can increase the risks. There is role of propyhlactic interventions to reduce the risk of cancer such as prophylactic oophorectomy/ salpingectomy in high-risk groups.
Postmenopausal bleeding and irregular periods after the age 45 poses a risk of uterine cancer. Early referral, pelvic ultrasound scan and uterine biopsy is a key to early detection of uterine cancer. Cervical cancer is yet another common female cancer. Regular cervical smear is the best way to prevent it. If cervical smear is abnormal, colposcopy and biopsy are the right steps forward. Click on Smear and Colposcopy tab to find out more.
General investigations for the diagnosis Gynaecological cancer?
Pelvic Ultrasound scan
Serum CA125
Cervical Smear
Uterine Biopsy
02/10/2016 Cervical Suture (Cervical Cerclage)
Dr Tezcan has extensive experience in the treatment of women who have had miscarriages in the middle part of pregnancy or premature births. If this applies to you, Dr Tezcan will carry out a full analysis to find out whether weakness of the cervix (cervical incompetence) is playing a role. Other causes of mid-trimester pregnancy loss and pre-term birth also have to be considered such as multiple pregnancy, abnormal shape of the womb, bleeding problems, infections, excessive amniotic fluid with fetal abnormality or monochorionic twins and associated complications and a history of cervical cone biopsy, laser treatments (LLETZ).
What is Cervical Suture?
Cervical suture – also called cervical cerclage – can help prevent a miscarriage in certain cases where cervical weakness is playing a role. A cervical suture is a mersilene tape placed around the upper part on the cervix (neck of the womb) to strengthen it. There are three types of cervical suture: McDonald Suture, Shirodkar Suture and Transabdominal Suture.
Having a check up with your gynaecologist is important, not just for the health benefits, but also you can build a trusting relationship with a professional in case there ever is a medical issue. Reassurance provided by your gynaecologist and the information provided to you will help you further build up your confidence.
We recommend that all women have an annual check-up to prevent them developing illnesses such as cervical cancer, endometrial cancer or ovarian cancer. Usually an annual check-up will include:
A consultation during which you would discuss your medical history and any worries or concerns.
A blood pressure check.
A cervical smear test to check for cervical cancer. We recommend this be done at least once a year.
A transvaginal scan. This scan is painless and is very important as it allows your gynaecologist to see the fallopian tubes, ovaries and uterus. Ms Tezcan will be able to check that everything appears normal and to check for ovarian cysts and ovarian cancer, polyps, endometrial hyperplasia and endometriosis.
It can also include other tests such as swabs, biopsy and blood tests. This could be to check for sexually transmitted diseases, a cancer marker test (CA125), cholesterol, haemoglobin, hormone levels, liver function and thyroid profile, amongst others. These can be done during the consultation if you wish.
Menopause symptoms occur predominantly as a result of the ovary no longer producing the hormone oestrogen. The severity of the symptoms varies and can have a different impact on women's lives. We provide personalized care depending on our patients' symptoms and provide extensive counselling on the benefits and the risks related to hormone replacement therapy (HRT). There are also alternative treatments that we can provide for symptoms such as vaginal dryness, hot flushes and night sweats and osteoporosis. We can also provide information on complimentary therapies.
Some women may experience menopause early before the age of 45 and even 40. Those women are at much higher risk of developing osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and dementia. Use of HRT may decrease these risks and is recommended until the average age of menopause, which is around age 52
Women who give birth at a very advanced maternal age (48 years+) are at higher risk of pregnancy complications, however most can be explained by multiple pregnancy or the use of assisted conception, suggests a new study published today (1 September) in BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (BJOG)
Infertility is a common problem and affects one in seven couple. As this is such a common occurrence there are plenty of help available; it is important to take a detailed medical history, and there are various diagnostic tests to understand the reasons behind infertility. I am specialized in ultrasound and ultrasound is one of the most important diagnostic tests to understand the pathologies in the uterus, cervix and ovaries. We also organize hormone tests to check whether you are ovulating. We can either organize an X-ray or laparoscopy (key hole surgery) to test for tubal patency in order to diagnose any blockage in the fallopian tubes.
In those women who do not ovulate regularly, ovulation induction is achieved using a mild fertility drug known as Clomiphene. When Clomiphene is used a scan is performed usually on approximately day 10 of the cycle to ensure that ovulation is going to occur and to exclude ovarian hyperstimulation.
Intrauterine Insemination is a form of assisted conception used for very mild sperm problems and also in those couples with unexplained infertility. If your investigation results are suggestive of IVF as the best treatment for you, we can organize a referral to one of the best clinics in London with highest success rates.
Menorrhagia is defined as unusually heavy and/or long lasting menstrual periods. If your bleeding lasts 7 or more days per cycle, or is so heavy that you need to change protection every 1 to 2 hours, then you may have menorrhagia. Menorrhagia is more than just a problem with bleeding. It can have very disruptive effects on your family and social life, regular daily activities and your mood.
Menorrhagia occurs in 20% of women. Millions of women suffer from heavy periods, yet only 25% of them seek treatment. There are many treatment options (medical & surgical) available to you depending on the reasons for Menorrhagia.
Please contact us if you are suffering from menorrhagia and seeking for more information.


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I apologize for the delay in getting this posted. August turned out to be exceedingly hot and I wasn't able to get out and work on the house as much as I would have liked. I also found out I'm entitled to some veterans benefits so I went ahead and took the GRE in case I want to go back to school.
Then I it turned out I needed to relocate the tiny house as the person managing the site wanted to use it for another project. I'll post about that later.
For now, here are some shots of the insulation. The only crazy thing about insulation is the size. The 16″ OC standard is a throwback from old English brick building and doesn't improve the structural integrity of a wood frame house over 24″ OC.
It makes sense to build 24″ OC then. The only thing with that is that batt insulation (the fluffy stuff), is manufactured for 2×6 framing if you do 24″. If you use 2×4 framing as I did, they only make it in 16″ OC spacing. At least that's what I found at Lowe's and I didn't want to custom order supplies if I could help it.
The short of it is that the 2×6 insulation is thicker and has a higher R value. Of course it looses a little R value by being compressed into 2×4 framing but I felt that was a better solution than trying to cut 8′ sections to fit a wider spacing. The ceiling is 2×6 though so everything fits as it should.


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FITCHBURG -- Former City Councilor Thomas Donnelly on Tuesday announced he will run against incumbent Mayor Lisa Wong in the Nov. 3 election giving him exactly one week to persuade Fitchburg voters to elect him.
Some city councilors on Wednesday said they found Donnelly's late entrance to the race puzzling, while others came out in support of their former colleague.
Donnelly ran against Wong in the last mayoral race in 2007, taking just 25 percent of the vote, compared with Wong's 75 percent.
Donnelly on Tuesday said Wong painted a "rosy picture" during the last mayoral race, while he gave a more sobering prediction of financial hardships the city would face over the next two years.
"The disparity is in what was promised," said Donnelly, after the Councilor-at-large debate at Fitchburg State College Tuesday night.
Donnelly did not return phone calls for a more extensive interview by press time Wednesday.
Transparency will be the focus of Donnelly's administration, if he is elected, he said Tuesday. Donnelly is a well-known property owner in the city, and was recently tapped by state officials to be a member of the Fitchburg Redevelopment Authority.
"(Donnelly has) been in politics, and he knows the late city hour. That's why I was surprised to find that anybody would come out and enter the race at this stage," said Ward 5 Councilor Joseph Solomito.
Solomito, who described Donnelly as a friend, said he has heard buzz around town about people who wanted Donnelly to enter the race in recent weeks. Solomito speculated that Donnelly entered because he knew voters wanted an alternative to Wong.
In general, Solomito said when candidates enter a race so late, it is because they know people are unhappy with the incumbent, though they may not have answers themselves.
"Just thinking people are unhappy is not a good enough reason to run," said Solomito.
Donnelly, who served four terms on the City Council, said he was drafted in recent weeks by supporters who are not happy with Wong's management of the city. Donnelly admitted his chances of winning this late in the game are remote, but he is still enthusiastic about entering.
"It doesn't hurt to maybe add a little excitement to the race," said Donnelly.
Michael "Fuzzy" Voisine, owner of Premier Sub on Main Street, is also running for mayor. Voisine failed to appear at Tuesday's Councilor-at-large debate, where he was scheduled to give a speech about his candidacy.
Donnelly said some voters had asked him whether he would accept a nomination if they entered him as a write-in candidate. Also, his self-described "love for the city," prompted Donnelly to run the week-long stick campaign, he said.
Councilor at-large Thomas Conry said Donnelly entered for his supporters' sake, and that he chose to run because of their wishes, and his own love for Fitchburg.
"He's a very capable person. He's a very successful businessman, and I no doubt would support his candidacy," said Conry, of his former city council colleague.
Ward 3 Councilor Joel Kaddy said Donnelly would likely have a better working relationship with councilors than Wong does. Specifically, Kaddy said Wong has refused to address councilors' and residents' concerns about a lack of streetlights in Fitchburg.
Wong ordered 60 percent of the streetlights turned off last March to save money.
"I think he'll let us give more input," said Kaddy. "(Wong) is not listening to us."
Ward 2 Councilor Norman Boisvert said normally, a candidate running with so little time left would not have much of a chance to win. But he thinks Donnelly may have a shot, because people are angry with Wong about the streetlight issue.
"(Donnelly) may very well give her one heck of a run for her money," said Boisvert.
Wong said she welcomes the competition from Donnelly, adding that she was disappointed that more people did not choose to run earlier in the campaign season. More candidates get voters engaged, Wong said.
"I liked that people paid a lot more attention (to the last race)," Wong said.
Wong worked with Donnelly indirectly when she was the Director of the Redevelopment Authority and he was still a city councilor.
Wong said she is not fazed by the support some Fitchburg voters showed for Donnelly in urging him to run.
"There's a lot of people in the community that have friends and supporters. I encourage people to surround themselves with people who support them," Wong said.


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I'm looking for anyone who have some experience of shooting video with D850 under water. Thanks
Nikon D850
Posted 08 June 2018 - 05:54 PM
- damonbates likes this
Posted 05 July 2018 - 01:20 PM
Cant say I have experience really but am just starting. I shoot the D850 topside, professionally and am just starting U/W photography with a DSLR. Starting video settings are likely 1920 x 1080 at 60 fps iso 640...depending. Still need video lights though and interested in thoughts or suggestions you might have I shoot S & S YS-D2s for stills
Posted 02 September 2018 - 01:24 PM
I looked at upgrading to the D850, but decided to go with the D810 instead. I had a D7000 and wanted a full frame camera. For me, I like the integrated flash and using the normal fiber optic strobe cables and as the D850 doesn't have a built in flash, it just seemed like more hassle and even more expense. I use an Aquatica housing, which I love because it's small and not made of plastic; quite heavy though.
Just my 2cts.


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Investors required for resort development. FOLLOW THIS LINK
Feejee - the original name of Fiji
|The town of Savusavu or the "the hidden paradise" as it is locally known, is situated on Fiji's second largest island of Vanua Levu.
|Vanua Levu (pronounced Va-new-ah Lay-vu), with a population of approximately 130,000, is the second largest island of the Fiji archipelago.
With an area of 5538 square km, it is slightly larger than half the size of Viti Levu, the main island of Fiji. The island measures 180 km long and has an average width of 33 km.
|The island is rugged, untrammelled and the coast is surrounded by an extensive system of coral reefs, the third longest barrier reef in the world is off its northern coast.
Once a center for the copra (Coconut) trade, sugar cultivation is the most important industry and large cane fields can be seen on the dry western and northern coasts.
|Savusavu has excellent facilities including a full service boating marina to go with its newly acquired status of international Port of Entry.
The bay has navigable, deep water, perfectly sheltered from the ocean swells and is probably one of the largest and best-protected anchorages in all of the South Pacific Ocean.
|There are many resorts in the area including Namale which is owned by Tony Robbins, best selling author, television star and peak performance coach and of course the Jean Michel Cousteau Fiji island resort.
|One of the most striking aspects about the town of Savusavu is the hot springs, which add a surreal, twilight zone quality. The hot springs are scattered liberally around the town limits. Steam rises literally from the cracks in the sidewalks, in grassy lots, from the seashore and even from the municipal pier, which has to be paved periodically due to the corrosion from the thermal activity. Geologically, the whole town is kind of a devils kitchen, which locals have adapted to.
There are several flights everyday from Nadi airport and the capital city, Suva and inter-island roll-on roll off ferries call in most days.


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News and Analysis
To open a company in the Czech Republic will be cheaper
For the foundation of a company in the Czech republic businessmen will now pay only 100 euros.
Czech President Milos Zeman signed today, May 10, an amendment to the law on court fees. Now opening the LLC in the Czech Republic will be easier and cheaper.
Expenses for the opening of the company in the Czech Republic will decrease from the current 11 300 CZK to 100 euros (about 2700 CZK). It was one of the conditions of the European Union to the Czech Republic for future allocation of money from the structural funds and investment funds.
Mortgage rate like never before: 2,02%
At the same time interest of the citizens to the mortgage increased – in February it was issued by 7782 borrowers, which is 1870 people more compared to January. The total volume of loans over the same period rose by CZK 1.87 billion to CZK 14.615 billion. The average size of a mortgage was 1.878 million CZK. According to leading Fincentrum analyst Raydl Joseph, the future of mortgage rates can be affected by the meeting of the National Bank of the Czech Republic, which will take place on March 31 and will focus on Monetary Affairs. With its results banks will understand for how long they will have access tocheap sources that will affect the cost of long-term loans. It should be noted that Hypoindex index reflects the change in size of the average mortgage rate in the Czech Republic, excluding the period of fixation. Fincentrum Company conducts monitoring of this indicator since 2003. During this period, the highest average mortgage rate was registered in August 2008, when it was 5.82%. The lowest (up to the February update) - in June 2015 (2.05%).
Source: www.vinegret.cz
Bloomberg: Czech Republic has become a "paradise for investors"
The authoritative American agency Bloomberg called the Czech rrepublic "new haven for investors." The relevant article was published on Thursday, January 28th.
According to the authors, the investment attractiveness of the Czech Republic in recent years has increased to such an extent that today it can compete only Japan, Switzerland, Germany and the Netherlands, which have lower interest rates on their bonds for up to 10 years.


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New York Personal Trainer Business Systems | Models | Marketing | Courses | Mentoring
You have discovered THE RESOURCE for New York Fitness Business and Career Solutions
Coaching and Mentoring Program Offers Added Benefits to New York Fitness Pros and Personal Trainers Who Want More Clients and Career Success
Fitness Fortunes, a New York fitness business coaching, marketing and mentoring program for personal trainers, offers new benefits for fitness pros. The blueprint for success helps personal trainers boost business.
More savings, more earnings, more fitness career opportunities than ever. The Fitness Fortunes New York personal training business coaching, mentoring and marketing system now offers more bonuses for personal trainers as well as more opportunities to build your business and increase your income.
In addition to full-length online training videos which provide a proven, step-by-step blueprint for unlimited financial success in your personal training and fitness business, Fitness Fortunes now offers several special bonuses, including the Kung-fu Fitness training program, the Outdoor Fitness Trainer program and all episodes of Personal Trainer TV. The fitness business coaching and mentoring program is available for just $1 for the first month.
"The difference between a personal trainer in New York who makes $80,000 a year and one who makes $800,000 is actually smaller than you might think. It's all about refining your approach," said John Spencer Ellis, creator of Fitness Fortunes and founder of John Spencer Ellis Enterprises, a fitness and personal development solutions company. "Fitness Fortunes is designed for forward-thinking personal trainers, lifestyle coaches, fitness boot camp instructions and other fitness pros interested in taking their career and personal success to the next level with expert coaching, mentoring, and business and marketing ideas."
The only program that offers coaching and personal business assistance from John Spencer Ellis, Fitness Fortunes includes access to his complete suite of business and marketing training videos, coaching tele-classes and the Fitness Fortunes Forum. The program teaches business systems, marketing strategies, personal branding, social media, video marketing, TV and radio training, sales techniques and more.
Further, the Fitness Fortunes program teaches personal trainers in New York how to increase their weekly clients up to 10 percent, earn three times the income in one-third of the time, make almost 30 percent more money online in the first month, charge more than 200 percent more for personal training services, develop online videos that spark long-term customer relationships, maximize social media and more.
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Jan Molby Signed Montage Print
£29.95 – £69.95
Jan Molby spent over a decade at Anfield between 1982 and 1998. Avery popular player at Liverpool, Jan much success winning a host of League, FA Cup and League titles. Jan has signed a number of montages in aid of the 23 Foundation.
As a result of buying this product you are helping us to help communities on Merseyside, throughout the UK and Globally Too. You are also buying an official product which is 100% authentic in every way. Please contact us if you have any questions and beware of fake shirts and signatures on auction sites. Please inform us if you see our watermarked pictures of Jamie being used elsewhere without our permission.
If you have any questions regarding our official charity products please e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Important information regarding the purchase of this product:
- Framed Products WILL NOT be shipped outside of the UK. Please only order framed products if you are located within the UK.
- Postage Charges may apply when purchasing this product. If so these will be added at the check-out stage.
- On completion of the purchase a receipt will be provided by email.
Additional information
No, Yes (UK ONLY)


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News from Marineland Canada in Niagara Falls, Ontario
Posted August 15th, 2017 on Niagara At Large
(This news release was originally posted by Marineland Canada – owner and operator of a large theme park in Niagara Falls, Ontario – on August 14th, 2017)
Niagara, Ontario – Marineland Canada has received preliminary necropsy results on, Gia, a beluga whale who has called Marineland home since birth.
Gia passed away suddenly at Marineland. Up until her passing, Gia appeared happy, healthy and a well-adjusted member of her pod. Gia was taken care of by a dedicated marine mammal care team that have given hours of care to her each day of her life.
Complete necropsy results will be provided when received.
The preliminary necropsy results that followed Gia's death indicated she had a congenital torsion of her small intestine that caused it to twist and resulted in a full blockage of the intestine, which resulted in Gia's death.
Gia's life has been complex. Her mother stopped nursing her prior to Gia getting a taste for fish. In the wild, this would have certainly led to her death when it happened, but at Marineland, her dedicated care team segregated her from the other whales and worked with her eighteen hours each day for an extended period of time to develop proper eating habits.
Gia's marine mammal team were successful and Gia was reintroduced to her pod, gained weight and appeared to be generally healthy and developing. Her sudden passing came as a great shock to everyone.
In the past two years, Gia was a victim of radical activists who invent animal mistreatment where none exists to raise funds for themselves. Marineland released a fact based video which was distributed to the Senators on the Fisheries and Oceans Committee at the time the false allegations were made. Please see the following link to that video http://www.marinelandblog.ca/marineland-canad…beluga-whale-gia/
Those who knew her, those who loved her and our guests who saw her know that Gia was a young, happy, friendly and playful member of the Marineland family. She will be deeply missed by her marine mammal care team and everyone at Marineland.
NIAGARA AT LARGE encourages you to join the conversation by sharing your views on this post in the space below the Bernie quote.
A reminder that we only post comments by individuals who also share their first and last names.
For more news and commentary from Niagara At Large – an independent, alternative voice for our greater binational Niagara region – become a regular visitor and subscriber to NAL at www.niagaraatlarge.com .
"A politician thinks of the next election. A leader thinks of the next generation." – Bernie Sanders


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It's been child's play, literally, designing packaging for SUPPYS, a children's multivitamin. The name SUPPYS originated from owners Jackie and Jonathan nicknaming their children's daily vitamin supplements to make the ordeal more fun. Along the way the couple realized the need for not only good for you, but also good tasting children's vitamins. With over 17 years of experience in the nutritional supplement space, Jackie and Jonathan formulated SUPPYS. After consulting many healthcare practitioners and keeping in mind their kids' input for taste they were ready to launch.
Enter the Kazooks to help create playful packaging for the vitamin bottles and a new website linked to a robust social media campaign for customers to interact with as they subscribe for monthly SUPPYS packages delivered right to their doorstep. Check out the work below that is coming to a doorstep near you.


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Weatherford AAUW to Host Oklahoma Women's Coalition Executive Director
Danielle Ezell, executive director of the Oklahoma Women's Coalition, will be speaking in Weatherford on Friday, January 22, and her talk is open to the public.
The Weatherford branch of the American Association of University Women is hosting Ezell at a 12 noon luncheon in the Bonny Board Room in the Memorial Student Center on the Southwestern Oklahoma State University campus.
Ezell will discuss the 100 Women discussion/debate that was held nationwide on December 1. In addition, Ezell will give an update regarding OWC and the upcoming legislative session priorities and any programming emphasis during the coming months.
Lunch will be provided consisting of three types of pizza (including a veggie option), tea & water, and cookies/brownies.
For additional information, contact AAUW President Lori Gwyn at firstname.lastname@example.com or call 580.774.3744.


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Have all the sterling bears headed off to the pub for the day?
After a sluggish start to the day, the pound has been on a tear over the past two hours, reversing a slight loss and climbing 0.6 per cent to hit a session high of $1.2548.
General dollar weakness could explain some of the sudden burst of sterling strength. The DXY dollar is trading lower after New York Federal Reserve Bank president William Dudley said the US central bank could begin to scale down its $4.5tn balance later this year and echoed other Fed officials' comments that there is no hurry to raise interest rates.
The late-day gain helps put the pound back above its 50-day moving average of $1.2426, and the currency is set to end the quarter 1.65 per cent higher against the greenback – making this its first quarterly gain since June 2015.
Sterling has had an uneven week. It strengthened to as much as $1.2615 on Monday and traded as low as $1.2377 on Wednesday after the UK formally notified Brussels of its intention to leave the EU.
With the political shock of Brexit now largely priced in, analysts argued that the pound will be driven by economic data going forward. On this front, the news has so far been relatively positive.
"The one currency that looks a secular contrarian long is sterling", analysts at Bank of America Merrill Lynch said on Friday. "Brexit threatened a run down in sterling versus the US dollar toward its all-time low of 1.08 reached in 1985; Brexit is now much more priced-in."
Get alerts on Currencies when a new story is published


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our 24/7 customer support is free of charge. you can call from anywhere its a toll free number,you can also ask any question regarding our plan ans prices.
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UBS said it saw solid first-half performance in the construction firm, with pre-tax profit 13 per cent ahead of expectations. But the broker warned investors of cyclical issues, in particular its exposure to public sector projects in the UK leading up to the government spending review in October. UBS maintains its "buy" recommendation.
JP Morgan heralded the success of 3D films at the cinema chain, which contributed to strong admissions and a 2.4 per cent rise in advertising revenue in the first half of the year. Earnings for the period were largely in line. The broker upped its full-year forecasts and maintained an "overweight" rating.
Deutsche Bank has forecast a seven per cent drop in underlying ad revenues at the media group, ahead of its half-year results on Wednesday. It expects the firm to report persistently weak circulation trends, with the added pressure of exceptional charges worth £2m. The broker reiterated its "hold" rating, with a target price of 33p.


text: Happy New Year to all of our customers we reopen on Thursday 14th January 2016 at 10 am. Over the Christmas break we have been very busy making changes to our tea room, come and have a look and see what you think! Make the most of our current offer which you can find below.


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Home Remedies To Cure Menopause
Menopause is nothing but the end of menstrual periods as well as the end of the ovulation procedure in women. It is not an illness but it happens naturally in women above 45 years. Every woman undergoes this phase and the age criteria may differ from person to person. Some women go through menopause in their fifties while for others it may in their late forties. The basic symptoms of menopause are pain in the joints, headache, hot flashes, mood swings, vaginal dryness, palpitations and night sweats.
Why does it happen?
Hormonal imbalance
Reduction in the production of estrogen in the ovaries
Home remedies to cure menopause
- Exercising is the easiest and the most natural way to cure menopause. Walk, jog, dance or swim for at least half an hour daily. This will be helpful in fighting the symptoms of menopause.
- An effective remedy is to have beet juice daily. If you don't relish it much have it in small quantity for 2-3 times in a day. Beet juice will be very beneficial.
- Menopause is due to the
- lower level of estrogen in the body. Therefore include foods that help in producing estrogen in the body such as beet, yam, soya products, cucumber, papaya, apples, garlic, cabbage, corn, oats, olive oil etc. All these not only help in building estrogen but are very healthy as well.
- Sleep well. It is very important to have sufficient sleep and keep yourself away from any additional tension or stress.
- Pantothenic acid, Vitamin C and B6 supplements needs to be consumed.
- A useful and effective home remedy is to mix 1 teaspoon of carrot seeds in cow's milk and boil it for 10-12 mins. Have this milk everyday; it will help in curing menopause.
- Maintain a healthy lifestyle. Eat well and eat right. Include nuts, fruits, grains and milk in your daily diet. This will be fruitful in keeping the symptoms away. Avoid too much of refined and processed food.
- Increase your calcium and Vitamin D intake. Make sure you have enough of calcium via milk or calcium supplements. Two grams of calcium is to be consumed daily.
- Having liquorice powder daily will be very beneficial. Liquorices are high in estrogen and will be helpful in such a condition. Have a teaspoon daily.
- Indian spikenard will be very effective and easy home remedy to cure menopause. Consume a small quantity of about two grams everyday. It calms the nervous system and is very helpful in case of complications.
- For vaginal dryness and quick home remedy is to make a paste of one capsule of 1000 IU Vitamin E, 2-3 drops of geranium oil and 1 ounce of almond oil. Mix well and apply this inside and outside your vagina to get rid of the dryness.
- To reduce the effect of hot flashes, make sure you have at least 8-10 glasses of purified water. Hot flashes may also be painful at times therefore drinking water more often will reduce the hot flashes. Have about 800 mg of evening primrose oil to reduce the hot flashes. Have this at least thrice a day.


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Resin Monoterpene Defenses Decline Within Three Widespread Species of Pine (Pinus) Along a 1530-m Elevational Gradient
Document Type
Deb Peters
Publication Date
Fall 10-13-2017
Publication Title
First Page
The elevational gradient in plant defense (EGPD) hypothesis posits that natural enemy pressures increase alongside temperature across elevational climatic gradients, thereby selecting for enhanced defenses at lower elevations while leaving plants less defended at higher elevations. Phylogenetically constrained tests of this hypothesis are uncommon, with tests focused on defenses of mature trees in natural settings being exceedingly rare. In the absence of this information, predicting the spatiotemporal dynamics of forest pests that preferentially attack mature trees is rendered more difficult. Tree properties such as age, growth rate, and size have all been correlated with levels of tree defenses against insect pests. Thus, we sought to disentangle the interacting influences of these properties from possible elevational climatic effects on monoterpene concentrations, diversity, and intraspecific dissimilarity of constitutive resin within three widespread pines (Pinus contorta, Pinus ponderosa, and Pinus flexilis) across a 1530-m elevational transect in the Rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA. Overall, we found some support for the EGPD hypothesis within all three of the pine species studied. However, while elevation and tree properties were strong predictors of the variation in monoterpene concentration and moderate predictors of variation in diversity and dissimilarity in P. contorta, they were a relatively weak set of predictors in P. ponderosa and P. flexilis. Significant, (negative) elevational effects were found for total monoterpene concentration in P. contorta and monoterpene diversity in P. ponderosa, while elevation had a significant negative effect on monoterpene concentration and diversity, and a positive effect on dissimilarity in P. flexilis. Nevertheless, tree age, size, and/or growth measures had significant influences on one or more monoterpene measures in all three of the pine species indicating a need to parse effects of these factors within studies of tree defenses across environmental gradients. Our results offer some support for the EGPD hypothesis while suggesting the presence of a variable hierarchy of drivers of pine defense and resistance across congeners in shared environments—a situation that presents challenges for predicting spatiotemporal patterns in secondary chemistry across species from a common set of potential drivers.
Recommended Citation
Ferrenberg, S., J. M. Langenhan, S. A. Loskot, L. M. Rozal, and J. B. Mitton. 2017. Resin monoterpene defenses decline within three widespread species of pine (Pinus) along a 1530-m elevational gradient. Ecosphere 8(10):e01975. 10.1002/ecs2.1975
Included in
Botany Commons, Forest Biology Commons, Other Chemistry Commons, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, Plant Biology Commons, Plant Pathology Commons


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Updated 11 Oct 2016
Snapshot: The Qnap TurboNAS TS-231 NAS system has 2 hard drive bays and can stream using Chromecast, Apple AirPlay and Plex. How fast does it write and read files?
Unlock all of Consumer from just $12 a month
Overall score includes:
Performance – assesses the write and read speeds while transferring a large set of data and a small set of data to and from each NAS system. We time the transfer while recording the speeds to measure the drive's performance.
Ease of use – we compare the ease of use of each NAS system, assess the supplied software, setup time and complexity, how easy the interface is to use and the ease of completing common tasks, such as transferring files or backing up a device to the NAS. Our ease of use test includes an assessment of the cloud access. We look at how easy it is to access the "personal cloud" these drives become when connected to home WiFi.
As a NAS system is designed to run constantly, so you can always access your files, we also measure energy consumption. This gives you an idea how much a system will cost you in the long run. We calculate the annual cost based on average use being 8 hours' active use and 16 hours' standby per day with electricity costing 25¢ per kilowatt per hour.
10 Mar 2018, Iain F.
Product use: 6 months or more
easy to setup, local user accounts dont need to setup cloud accounts, fast, good support from local distributor.
Good for protection like crytolocker \ ransomware the network paths are easily network securable, put the login details into backup software and not into computer.
support desk overseas is hard to deal with but they will support the product unlike netgear.
Recommend it?
Yes, I recommend this product.
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