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Are Chimeric Embryos Unnatural? And Does It Matter?
Concerns about our relationship with nature, including our relationship with human nature and with our own human bodies as we find them in all their variety, underlie an assortment of contemporary social debates, on topics ranging from environmental protection measures to the creation of genetically modified foods, end of life decisions, and the development of new forms of medical biotechnology. But perhaps nothing generates these concerns quite as vividly as research that involves the creation of embryos that are part human and part animal – enucleated animal eggs, for instance, with human chromosomal material.
Last week, British regulators announced that they would evaluate and might well approve two proposals for research that involve the creation of such hybrids for use in medical experiments. The British public tends to have a more lenient position on medical research than does the American, but British public opinion leaned against the creation of hybrids for research. Nearly half opposed it and just over a third favored it.
The rationale for using animal eggs is that they are much easier to obtain than human eggs. But according to a story in the Washington Post, the British worried that creating hybrids "constitutes meddling with nature and might lead to more troubling experiments." Some feared that the hybrids would be transferred to women's wombs and might come to term. Scientists often call hybrids chimeras, after the mythical Greek creatures that had a lion's head, a goat's body, and a serpent's tail; the prospect of allowing human-animal embryos that come to term inevitably conjures up such a picture.
A scientific sanity check is in order here: if the embryo has human chromosomes, then a creature born from a hybrid embryo could not end up with animal body parts. There would be no fauns. In a sense, it might not even be "hybrid," since instead of combining nuclear material from two species it would combine cytoplasm from one organism with nuclear material from another. (British researchers have suggested that it be called a "cytoplasmic hybrid" or a "cybrid," although the latter term would be a dreadful mistake, as it sounds like the entity would be a cyborg – a machine-human hybrid.)
Because the cellular machinery found in the cytoplasm can be important in an organism's development, there might be some abnormalities in a "cytoplasmic hybrid." But assuming the entity were implanted and came to term, the human genes would direct development. The entity that emerged from the womb would have a human appearance, human behaviors, and a human genetic profile (except for the genetic material in the mitochondria). It's hard to see how it could be regarded as anything but a human being. Further, if parents are identified genetically, then the parents of this creature would be the parents of the person who contributed the genetic material.
But there's more to say. Parents might also be identified as those whose biological materials are conjoined to create a new being. If the enucleated egg were donated by a woman, there would clearly be a biological connection between her and the new being, and the new being might feel that the woman was a kind of "biological parent." (In this scenario, the nucleus would contain genetic material from another person, and both that person and that person's parents might also be said be biological parents.)
Thus we don't need visions of fauns to have worries about meddling with nature. Merely the fact that an embryo is created, in circuitous and novel ways, from a human being and, say, a mouse, might still raise that concern.
I have argued elsewhere in this Forum that concerns about altering natural states of affairs are morally legitimate. (Here's a piece about sports, and here's one about livestock.) One objection often raised against appeals to nature is that the concept of nature is just incoherent: nature is often described as that realm in which humans have not interfered, but humans have interfered somehow in nearly everything on earth.
True, I suppose. Still, to say that human influence is present "somehow" in nearly everything seems unnecessarily simplistic. We can and do distinguish between different kinds and degrees of interference. Which is more natural – fresh-squeezed orange juice from an organically grown tree or Tang? There is no serious debate. One who argues "neither" is interested mostly in undermining the moral concern about nature. "Nature" is coherent enough: much of the time, we can say with reasonable confidence which of two things is the more "natural." We can do no better for most other morally interesting concepts.
Another objection is that whether something is natural is of no particular moral bearing. That something has always happened is not a reason that it should happen.
This is also true, although only in part: surely we cannot make broad, abstract claims: not everything is better just in virtue of being natural. Would ribs meat from a genetically modified pig less desirable in virtue of the genetic modification? I don't see why everyone should think so. But for some people, food preferences express or reflect deeply held values. If someone celebrates nature and wants to avoid unnecessarily changing it, then she may have at least one reason to go for the unmodified ribs. But even here it's complicated: if the pig has been modified so as to be environmentally better, her desire to avoid changing natural states of affairs might lead her to prefer those ribs over others.
Concerns about nature can be legitimate factors in moral decisions, but they are only factors, and they have to be understood in a social context, and they are, so to speak, optional.
If all this is right, then at least asking how hybrid embryos square with our views about nature is appropriate. At the end of the day, though, views about nature do not seem to warrant a prohibition on the research. The relevant context here is the laboratory. Food choices and certain sporting events arguably cannot be fully understood without understanding how they connect with human attitudes about nature; not so the laboratory. What's more, our institutions surrounding food choices and sports can be set up so as to reflect the optional nature of values about nature. Not so a universal prohibition.
Published on: September 11, 2007
Published in: Emerging Biotechnology, Science and Society


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Date: Monday, 22 October 2018
Zacks Investment Research upgraded shares of Nevsun Resources (NYSEAMERICAN:NSU) from a strong sell rating to a hold rating in a report released on Thursday, October 11th.
Shares of NSU opened at $4.40 on Thursday. Nevsun Resources has a twelve month low of $1.98 and a twelve month high of $4.53.
Nevsun Resources (NYSEAMERICAN:NSU) last announced its quarterly earnings data on Thursday, July 26th. The company reported ($0.05) earnings per share for the quarter, missing the Zacks' consensus estimate of $0.03 by ($0.08). Nevsun Resources had a negative net margin of 43.87% and a negative return on equity of 18.80%. The firm had revenue of $76.41 million during the quarter.
Large investors have recently made changes to their positions in the stock. Passport Capital LLC purchased a new position in Nevsun Resources during the 1st quarter worth $4,486,000. Renaissance Technologies LLC grew its position in Nevsun Resources by 1.6% during the 2nd quarter. Renaissance Technologies LLC now owns 1,801,200 shares of the company's stock worth $6,252,000 after purchasing an additional 28,400 shares during the last quarter. Allianz Asset Management GmbH grew its position in Nevsun Resources by 31.7% during the 1st quarter. Allianz Asset Management GmbH now owns 884,576 shares of the company's stock worth $2,106,000 after purchasing an additional 213,088 shares during the last quarter. Millennium Management LLC grew its position in Nevsun Resources by 77.9% during the 1st quarter. Millennium Management LLC now owns 864,860 shares of the company's stock worth $2,058,000 after purchasing an additional 378,756 shares during the last quarter. Finally, OMERS ADMINISTRATION Corp purchased a new position in Nevsun Resources during the 2nd quarter worth $2,764,000.
About Nevsun Resources
Nevsun Resources Ltd. engages in the mining and development of mineral properties in Europe, Africa, and North America. It explores for gold, copper, zinc, and silver deposits. The company's principal assets include Timok project, a copper-gold development project in Serbia; and Bisha copper- zinc mine in Eritrea.
28th Eritrean Independence Anniversary Kick-off Manifestation at the Embassy of Eritrea in Washington DC

subset: commoncrawl


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Verdenstheatret is not only a cafe where people pass by to snatch up a coffee to go... people come here to hang out, read newspapers, play a round of Chess or Backgammon and listen to vinyl-music. Jazz, blues or swing dominate during the daytime while evenings are usually filled with classic rock. On weekends the place is packed with party-people dancing to live-DJ-music; everything from electronic to reggae.
I work a lot in the night and usually finish around 4-5am. At the moment my days are kind of inversed: I get up around 2-3pm and have eggs-and-bacon for breakfast while others have their afternoon tea-break. Then I normally go to work around 6pm. After work I often read or watch a movie until 7am in the morning because my metabolism is just not ready for bed. It happened more than once that I greeted bemused customers with a cheerful "Good morning!" at 8pm... :)
On the pictures you see some details of Verdenstheatret plus me and my friend Charlotte working behind the bar. During January 2008 Tromso features TIFF - the biggest film festival in Norway. Being attached to a cinema the Verdenstheatret has a busy week with lots of parties, almost no sleep and lots of fantastic films!
My personal favorites:
Dry Season (Mahamat-Saleh Haroun, France/Chad 2006),
The Band's Visit (Eran Kolirin, Israel/France/USA 2007),
Full Metal Village (Sung-Hyung Cho, Germany 2006),
Little Moth (Peng Tao, China 2007),
No Country For Old Men (Ethan & Joel Cohen, USA 2007).


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Happy New Year everyone!
I hope you all had a peaceful time bringing in the New Year. I am wishing it brings us GOOD STUFF…
I was busy busy busy today making my holiday Thank You cards so I will have plenty to post while I start working (YUCK) LOL. So right now I am posting one of those which will be going to an old childhood friend (HUGE animal lover) who surprised me this year with a gift. I have had this stamp set for numerous years and have used it for the first time today! (The sketch is from an old "I Heart Sketches " sketch). I'm entering it into the Tuesday Morning Sketches, Anything Goes Hope your year starts off great!
Image: Kanban Crafts
Paper: My Mind's Eye
Others: Spellbinders, Stickles, Embossing by Cuddlebug
Wednesday, January 1, 2014
Happy New Year!
3 comments:
EEEEK this is too adorable! I love the sparkle on that sweet puppy, and I think I want that little girl's skirt. I would wear that! Thanks so much for coming to play at Tuesday Morning Sketches with us! I'm featuring your card on our Facebook page today: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Tuesday-Morning-Sketches/165327566909261?ref=hlReplyDelete
gorgeous image and beautiful card Ginny♥ReplyDelete
This is soooo cute!! Adorable image!!ReplyDelete
Thanks for joining us this week at Tuesday Morning Sketches!!
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Alaş's memorable poet Mağcan Cumabay was commemorated at the conference at Gazi University's Mimar Kemaladdin Hall on the 125th anniversary of his birth. The program was realized on February 19, 2018 with the collaboration of TÜRKSOY, Turkology Research and Application Center of our university, Ankara Embassy of Kazakhstan, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Board of Trustees of Ahmet Yesevi University, Keçiören Municipality and Eurasia Writers Association.
Opening speeches were given by the Head of Turkology Research and Application Center Prof. Dr. Hülya Kasapoğlu Çengel, Keçiören Mayor Mustafa Ak, Türksoy General Secretary Düsen Kasienov, Rector of Gazi University Prof. Dr. İbrahim Uslan, Undersecretary of Ministry of Culture and Sports of Kazakhstan ErenayDarjibayev, Deputy Minister of Culture and Tourism Hüseyin Yayman, Ambassador of Kazakhstan Abzal Sparbekuly and Principal Consultant of the Presidency Yalçın Topçu.
Gazi University Rector Prof. Dr. İbrahim Uslan remembered that they organized a commemoration concert on behalf of Azerbaijan's famous composer Gara Garayev during the 100th anniversary of his birth last week and said : "Gazi University has the strongest contact with its roots. Today we are happy to organize a memorial conference at the 125th birthday of Mağcan Cumabay."
Prof. Dr. İbrahim Uslan also emphasized that Mağcan Cumabay wrote his name politically in Kazakhstan's history and he added: "Alaş's struggle is not only Kazakh people-centered in Turkestan geography. It is a great struggle for the independence of all Turkish peoples. In the establishment of today's modern Kazakhstan Republic, Cumabay and those who struggled for the Alaş have very important roles."
Gazi University Rector Uslan: "Cumabay is the Common Value of the Turkish World"
Gazi Üniversity Rector Uslan expressed that Alaş intellectuals left a trace in their short life not only politically, but also with their artistic aspects. He added; "Mağcan Cumabay, who is brought up with the idea of İsmail Gaspira's Jedidianism, is one of the pioneers of the national awakening and Alaş movement in Turkestan, not only for the Kazakh people, but also for the common value of the whole Turkish world. He is a poet who deserves to be transferred to generations by his poems."
Gazi University Rector said that Cumabay's poem named "Distant Brotherhood" is a witness to his sensitivity to the Turkish Independence War and his support for the liberation struggle of Turkish troops in Çanakkale. He said; "he poetry expresses the fact that the Anatolian and Kazach people who live far away from each other share the same destiny and the same concern." Uslan finally completed his words by reading a section from the poem "Distant Brotherhood".
Yalçın Topçu: Cumabay is a Poet calling to Anatolia with his Poems
Principal consultant of the President Yalçın Topçu said that Mağcan Cumabay had collected a donation to support the War of Independence in his country and he was an important name of Alaş movement. Topçu said that he tried to prevent the Sovietization of the Kazakh Turks with his works, and defended the necessity of owning ancestral homeland and independence. He also added that his writings and ideas disturbed the Stalin administration and then threats and atrocities started for him and his friends.
Topçu reminded that Cumabay was deported in 1930 and he came out of prison in 1936, but the Russian secret service pursued him. The Stalinian government made persecution and torture that would not come to mind with this honorable Kazakh Turk. Mağcan Cumabay who wanted to be martyred in Çanakkale and the War of Independence by fighting with his brother was martyted in 1938 when he was 45 years old by Stalin, the murderous dictator and the Muslim and Turkish enemy.
Following the speeches, TÜRKSOY presented a plaque to the participants to commemorate the day of the protest and Kazakhstan's Ambassador to Ankara Abzal Sparbekuly presented a Medal of Honor to Keçiören Mayor Mustafa Ak.
İdari Personelimizin Doğa Yürüyüşünde Renkli Görüntüler
Sosyal Bilimler Alanında Türkiye'nin İlk Sanal Sempozyumu: Uluslararası "Eğitim ve Sosyal Bilimlerde Yenilikler" (IVSESS)
Dekan Prof. Dr. İlkay Erdoğan Orhan: "50 Yıllık Kurumsal Geçmişimizle En Köklü, En Donanımlı Eczacılık Fakültelerinden Biriyiz"
Gazi University Journal of Science TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM TR Dizininde
Prof. Dr. Enver Hasanoğlu Uluslararası Pediatri Birliği'nin Gelecek Başkanı Seçildi
Gazi Eğitim'den Yeni Bir AB Projesi
Prof. Dr. İlhan'dan BM'de 'Türkiye'deki Uyuşturucu Risk Analizi Modeli' Sunumu
Gazi Teknopark, Bilişim Firmalarının Katılımı ile İsveç'e Yönelik Ticaret Heyeti Gerçekleştirdi
Emniyet Genel Müdürü Celal Uzunkaya Rektör Uslan'ı Makamında Ziyaret Etti


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Thursday, April 14, 2011
What to do with the RSV-2CE?
59 comments:
- Daniel said...
The RSV-2CE is a project that seems to have reached a dead end. It was an attempt to become the standard bible of the English speaking Catholic world for both personal study and liturgical use.
Liturgiam Authenticam provided a unique opportunity for this to become a reality.
The adoption of revised texts of the NRSV for liturgical use in Canada and the United Kingdom and the USCCB's involvement in the NAB has pretty much have pretty much made that goal unattainable.
It remains a choice for personal study but hardly a compelling one due to the lack of editions and resources (The ICSB being the only resource developed as of yet that is keyed to the RSV-2CE and even that is not yet completed).
- April 14, 2011 at 10:19 AM
- Francesco said...
Funny you should mention the RSV-2CE, because I noticed last night that it is the translation used by the "YouCat", the youth catechism published last week for the World Youth Day. Apparently a copy of the YouCat is going to be in every backpack they give to the youth who assemble in Madrid this summer.
This is at least the case for the edition published by Ignatius Press for the US. I'm not sure if that's the case for the CTS edition in the UK and the others in Australia, Africa, and Asia.
I'll have to check when I get home if I read that right.
- April 14, 2011 at 10:34 AM
- Timothy said...
Yes, you are certainly correct in regards to the the RSV-2CE's liturgical usefulness.
I noticed that as well. I really like the YouCat! Very attractive and full of good info and quotes.
- April 14, 2011 at 10:41 AM
- Francesco said...
Yes, it's very interesting. For the most part it seems like a summary of the CCC (much like I imagine the Compendium to the CCC is), but there are sections that are original that I've noticed. The Q&A about globalization and the environment are new and even cite Caritas in Veritate directly.
It's definitely geared towards kids. Did you see the dancing man in the lower corner? Pictures on every page and colored text boxes, O my! I wonder how they're going to put it on the vatican.va website, if they every do that.
- April 14, 2011 at 11:00 AM
- Timothy said...
I love the dancing man in the lower corner!
- April 14, 2011 at 11:02 AM
A new lectionary has not yet been adopted for the UK and probably won't be for at least another five years or so. If they wanted to make anything of it, now would be the time for Ignatius to be promoting it and lobbying the Bishops' conferences.
Imagine if the introduction of an RSV-2CE lectionary were to coincide with the completion of the ICSB!
- April 14, 2011 at 11:20 AM
I saw Fr Fessio on "The World Over" last week, and as Raymond Arroyo made some (valid) sarcastic remarks about the NABRE, Fr Fessio proudly proclaimed the RSV-2CE is the only Bible to conform to L.A. (even though it does not use "amen I say to you", which, correct me if I'm wrong, L.A. requires) and said it is used in liturgy in Africa. He hinted with a knowing smirk that within the next 5 years, the "newer" US bishops who are gaining control will "take care of" the NABRE (in the context, I think he meant "get rid of"). So maybe he has some quite negotiations going on behind the scenes for the RSV-2CE.
- April 14, 2011 at 11:31 AM
- Timothy said...
Thanks for the remarks. I had been wanting to see that interview, but haven't yet had the time to sit and watch it. Interesting......
- April 14, 2011 at 11:36 AM
- Jim said...
I use my RSV-CE2 all the time. I am a lector at my church and I find it to be very useful when preparing the Sunday readings. If I come across a passage in the NAB that is particularly dreadful (which happens quite often) I look it up in the RSV-CE2 to see what it's really supposed to say.
- April 14, 2011 at 11:44 AM
- Daniel said...
The RSV-CE2 always seemed like an overtly political translation to me.
It's informed on the one hand by a strong dislike modern principles of translation and on the other by an aesthetic preference for the Tyndale tradition.
Remember Ignatius's issuing of the original RSV-CE predates Liturgiam Authenticam by seven years and the entire reason they went ahead with the RSV-CE2 is because the RSV-CE could not be approved for liturgical use in its wake.
I like the RSV and, aside from some minor quibbles, the RSV-CE2 as well. I don't like the attitude of many Catholics who use it towards other translation though. We now have our own KJV only movement on our hands.
- April 14, 2011 at 12:21 PM
- Timothy said...
That already exists with some people who will only read the Douay-Rheims.
- April 14, 2011 at 12:26 PM
- Theophrastus said...
[Fr. Fessio] hinted with a knowing smirk that within the next 5 years, the "newer" US bishops who are gaining control will "take care of" the NABRE (in the context, I think he meant "get rid of").
Ignatius Press has done some wonderful things, and it has brought some truly outstanding titles to us. But given Fr. Fessio's controversial professional history, I rather doubt that he has any sort of special ability to prognosticate.
- April 14, 2011 at 1:14 PM
- Theophrastus said...
Actually, I just watched the interview, and the topic was the disconnect between the lectionary and the NAB. Fr. Fessio says the new bishops will "straighten this out."
- April 14, 2011 at 1:32 PM
- Theophrastus said...
It is also interesting to watch this extended interview (less than six minutes long) in which Fr. Fessio claims that Mother Angelica gave the $100,000 loan that made the RSV-2CE possible.
- April 14, 2011 at 1:46 PM
- Timothy said...
Thanks for the link.
- April 14, 2011 at 1:51 PM
- Timothy said...
I find that his story of how they decided on the RSV and the role Mother Angelica played in funding the RSV-2CE to be informative and fascinating. I wish they would be even more transparent, since it can only be a benefit for the RSV-2CE.
- April 14, 2011 at 2:03 PM
I have known Fr. Fessio and the Ignatius press staff for 20+ years and I applaud some of the contributions Ignatius Press has made to the Catholic publishing world. With that said, what has always bothered me about the RSV-2CE is that it is not the work of the Church in its broader magisterial sense (at least by acceptance and promotion) but is exactly that adjectiveused above by Steve: smugness. The IP staff and their followers speak and act as if only they in their RSV-2CE have brought to the Catholic world the "real" version of the Bible. I will admit that I find it very hard to separate the personalities from the publication. But that's my take.
- April 14, 2011 at 3:03 PM
RSV-2CE has been adopted by the Bishops of the Antilles for their Lectionary. I also saw a notice from the Pauline sisters in Africa that several African bishops' conferences will also adopt it for the Lectionary. Lucky people. Unfortunately the rest of the Anglophone world will likely be saddled with NAB or NRSV.
- April 14, 2011 at 6:13 PM
- Francesco said...
Charles G,
I did a quick Google search and found this:
A new lectionary for Africa will also be adopted. The lectionary by the Ignatius press combines the second Catholic edition of the revised standard version of the Bible and the new Psalms as revised by the graille association. (sic)
Very interesting. The article says that this would cover the episcopal conferences of South Africa, Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, and Uganda. Does anyone know if this group of 5 countries is "missing" any African countries with lots of English speakers?
Thanks for mentioning this!
- April 14, 2011 at 7:20 PM
- rolf said...
I think the RSV-2CE has a niche in the Catholic Bible reading world. It might not wind up in the Lectionary in many countries (too bad), but it fills the void for people who want a translation which uses relatively modern English (no old English)and yet want a slightly elevated liturgical language, and a formal translation that does not use inclusive language. There are not many other choices out there but the RSV-2CE. So it may not be offered in multi-colored bindings, but this niche of readers probably does not care about that (though a large print edition would be nice!)
- April 14, 2011 at 8:03 PM
- Theophrastus said...
South Africa, Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, and Uganda. Does anyone know if this group of 5 countries is "missing" any African countries with lots of English speakers?
Botswana, Cameroon, Gambia, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Namibia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
- April 14, 2011 at 9:02 PM
you said regarding KJV-onlyism, "That already exists with some people who will only read the Douay-Rheims."
I think you're being a little harsh. In my experience, I find those attached to the RSV-CE are the ones who have the strongest "onlyismist" attitude, like Jimmy Akin and others. They seem to be elitists as well.
- April 15, 2011 at 7:55 AM
- Daniel said...
Does anyone know how widely English is used in churches on the African continent? English is rarely the primary language of Africans.
I find the choice of the RSV-CE2 a strange one for the church in Africa as English dialects very wildly on the continent.
- April 15, 2011 at 8:25 AM
- Timothy said...
There are certainly RSV-only elitists out there, like you mentioned. However, I have found that some of the Douay-Rheims-only people to be far more uncharitable and elitist. At least from my own experiences.
- April 15, 2011 at 1:27 PM
- Theophrastus said...
While the RSV is obviously a very important translation, I don't regard the RSV-2CE as a very important translation.
It is a very odd bird because the original translators made the deliberate choice to include archaic language (such as thee/thou -- forms that were hardly used in common conversation mid-century) -- but some later (unknown) 2CE reviser just removed it from the text. That seems odd to me because it clearly goes against the original translation committee's intent -- and it makes it a strange translation.
But even odder is that the RSV, rather deliberately, uses some awkward/formal syntax. That syntax makes the English unnatural, but can help provide greater transparency into the original languages of the text. It also makes the RSV better for people who have at least college level reading ability.
Here's the odd thing -- such a reader presumably would be able to handle the "thee"/"thou" problem. The main complexity of the RSV is not in its use of "thee"/"thou" but rather in the way that it more closely tracks the Hebrew and Greek.
The result is that the RSV-2CE looks "kitschy" as a translation -- it is the verbal equivalent of some sort of kitschy Biblical illustrations that were popular in the 1950s. Those aren't Renaissance masters, and they certainly aren't modern art, and in the same way, the RSV-2CE isn't in the spirit of the mid-century translators, neither is it in the spirit of contemporary translations. It is just an anachronism.
So the changes in the RSV-2CE are different in:
(1) Unlike the RSV which was positioned as an ecumenical Bible, the RSV-2CE is aimed to be a sectarian Bible;
(2) The RSV-2CE uses archaic language and syntax throughout, but for some reason thinks it is very important to drop all the second person singular forms.
(3) The RSV was developed in a display of openness and transparency, while the RSV-2CE, as you have frequently pointed out, was not transparent.
(4) The RSV was truly designed to be a standard (the "S") while the RSV-2CE is just the in-house publication of Ignatius Press.
(5) The RSV is still heavily used in scholarship, while the only publications that seem to use the RSV-2CE are a few Ignatius publications.
(6) The RSV, no matter what its faults, was embraced by a broad range of scholars. The RSV-2CE on the other hand seems to be primarily promoted by Fr. Fessio -- and while Fr. Fessio has done some great things (such as publish English language version of Hans Urs von Balthasar), he has also promoted some fairly dubious things in the past (such as his home schooling "college" Ignatius-Anglelicum Liberal Studies Program.) It would be better if the RSV-2CE were associated with some major Catholic Bible scholars.
To see how strange this all is, let's perform the following mental experiment -- suppose we were to take the Douay-Rheims-Challoner translation and remove all the "thees" and "thous" from that -- but keep the (often archaic or difficult) syntax otherwise the same. That would be a pretty strange book -- not true to Bp. Challoner's vision and hardly a contemporary translation. Who would read such a strange hybrid?
If a reader can't easily process archaic or unusual syntax, the reader probably shouldn't be reading the RSV or the D-R-C.
(Note that Protestant attempts to update classic translations, such as the NKJV or ESV have at least involved some degree of review of the entire text and a much more extensive modernization of the text. The RSV-2CE efforts, on the other hand, are sketchy in comparison.)
For me, the RSV-2CE is the verbal equivalent of having Margaret Keane redo the Michelangelo Sistine Chapel Ceiling. (If you don't know who she is, google her and you'll recognize her work.) Sure, it is possible, but what's the point?
- April 15, 2011 at 1:39 PM
Tim, I find it in my experience to be the opposite. It is the RSV-CE onlyists that are elitist and uncharitable. I never met a person who prefers the Douay Rheims to be anything but kind and truely "Christian". Perhaps you're associating in the wrong circles... I did notice you're from Detroit ;) lol
- April 15, 2011 at 5:11 PM
- Timothy said...
Actually, it isn't from the folks in Detroit. ;). I have been to a number of TLMs in the area, including at my own parish. Many of the DR-only folks, with 'attitude', I find are via emails and the such.
- April 15, 2011 at 5:28 PM
- rolf said...
Dan, I have to agree with Tim, that has been my experience also, especially on forums such as Catholic Answers.
- April 15, 2011 at 7:36 PM
- rolf said...
One thing that the RSV-2CE has up on the NAB in its promotion, is that it was made available in e-book form early on, where as we are still waiting for the NAB/NABRE to make their Bible available in that format.
- April 15, 2011 at 7:49 PM
- Timothy said...
Indeed! Even though I tend to give Ignatius a hard time on the promotion of the RSV-2CE, they really have been committed to making not only their biblical books, but others as well available as E-books.
- April 15, 2011 at 7:53 PM
I would like one with a genuine leather cover and sewn binding. I wish Ignatius would work with Oxford to print an edition like this.
- April 15, 2011 at 9:02 PM
Theophrastus asked, "what's the point?"
Clearly the point is to offer a Catholic edition of the Bible in a somewhat contemporary format which is accurate, conforms to the translation norms set out by the Church, does not participate in gender-language expirimentation, and offers as clear a view to the underlying original text as possible in English. While the RSV-2CE does not achieve all these goals evenly or entirely, nevertheless, it is the only currently approved Catholic edition of the Bible which attempts these goals. Such is the purpose of the RSV-2CE and the reason why it is an important effort. I pray the 2CE marks a first attempt which will be followed by a new direction in Catholic Scripture scholarship. Furthermore, I applaud Ignatius Press for forcing the conversation.
- April 16, 2011 at 2:41 AM
Theophrastus criticisms of the RSV-CE2 seems unnecessarily harsh. The RSV-CE2 was never intended to be a new translation, but merely an updating and variant to the text. In that regard, it stands within the family of texts that is the RSV (the original 1946 RSV NT is quite different from the 1971 RSV NT). If the RSV is an ecumenical translation, so is the RSV-CE and the RSV-CE2, if the RSV is a scholarly translation, so is the RSV-CE and the RSV-CE2.
In any case, the removal of the archaic second person forms from the RSV happened long before RSV-CE2 came into the scene. The Divine Office published in 1974 adopted the RSV as one of the biblical texts, with modifications to remove all the thee-thou-thy.
- April 16, 2011 at 7:33 AM
- rolf said...
Brad I agree,
Ignatius is not trying to win any popularity contests with the RSV-2CE, they don't offer a different Bible every other week (The Green Bible, C.S. Lewis Bible, etc) like some other publishers do. The last couple of times I saw a list of the top ten best selling books at Ignatius, the RSV-2CE occupied 1-2 spots. So as long as Ignatius is around, I am confident that the RSV-2CE will be. Despite other opinions stated, there are many of us that like and use the RSV-2CE every day, does it have to be widely used for me to continue using it, not at all.
- April 16, 2011 at 8:02 AM
- rolf said...
So to answer the question that started this tread, 'What to do with the RSV-2CE?', my answer is, buy it!
- April 16, 2011 at 9:32 AM
- Timothy said...
Congrats, you are the first to answer the question! ;)
- April 16, 2011 at 10:03 AM
- Theophrastus said...
I would like to address several points raised above.
* It is clear that the RSV-2CE falls short of the standards for language set in Liturgiam Authenticam.
* The RSV-CE and RSV-2CE are not even used by the Vatican. For example, the CCC, when it quotes the RSV, quotes the 1971 RSV, not the RSV-CE. (Look at the copyright page.) Similarly in the Pope's Jesus of Nazareth volume 1, the translator uses the 1971 RSV, not the RSV-CE. (The Ignatius-published volume 2, though, does use the in-house translation, the RSV-2CE.)
* A comment above raises the issue of "gender-language experimentation." I would not use this term (few of the translations discussed on this blog are actual experiments), but all translations, even the Douay-Rheims-Challoner and the RSV, regularly and often use some inclusive language (on the very sound basis that masculine forms in Hebrew and Greek are inclusive in a way that masculine forms in contemporary English are not.) I can give hundreds of examples, but here is just one (Ezekiel 12:24 in the Douay): "For there shall be no more any vain visions, nor doubtful divination in the midst of the children of Israel." (One can certainly talk about the degree and types of inclusiveness in translations, but it is important to realize we are arguing over issues of degree -- there is no widely used translation that is free of inclusive language.)
From these points, it is clear that many claims made for the RSV-2CE are at best exaggerated.
Finally, I very much appreciate the point that popularity is not a valid way to rank Bible quality. However, the relative lack of high quality tools for translations such as the the RSV-2CE, as well as disuse by the scholarly community are valid factors to consider when selecting a translation as a teaching text.
- April 16, 2011 at 3:39 PM
- exodus14-14 said...
I generally use the RSV-2CE, but I'm not in love with it. In the end we have to face the fact that no translation is perfect. At the end of the day, I'm happy enough with the RSV, NAB or NRSV.
- April 16, 2011 at 7:09 PM
As an Eastern Rite Catholic, I was somewhat insulted by the comment about the "hideously garish cover". The cover of the RSV-2CE is a beautiful example of iconography, and is worthy of more respect than some snide comment. It makes me wonder what your idea of sacred beauty is - - a post-Vatican II building that looks like a Pizza Hut on the outside and on the inside is a bare auditorium with some felt banners on the wall?
- April 17, 2011 at 8:42 AM
- Timothy said...
For me it is not the icon itself. I have a number of them which I have hanging up at home and in my classroom. My issue is actually with the way it is done on the cover. I have owned two different versions of the RSV-2CE, and in each case the cover icon has faded quickly after continual use. I should also mention that I prefer a clean leather cover for my Bibles. I will not speak for others.
- April 17, 2011 at 9:33 AM
I have found the use of the archaic language slightly confusing in the original RSV.
1. Why are archaic verb forms used to address God the Father and not God the Son? This is most confusing to readers, especially when the same scripture in one Testament uses the archaic language and the other Testament doesn't. (Hebrews 5:5 / Psalms 2:7)
2. Archaic language is used in seemingly random inappropriate places. Revelation 18:21-24, for example, the angel of God uses the archaic pronouns in reference to Babylon. Why does Babylon get treated with this dignity and yet many times Jerusalem does not?
3. Why is the archaic language in the RSV at all? It is apparently not consistently used within any theological or grammatical context. I enjoy reading the Douay-Rheims, where it is used as normally, but why make up a pseudo-English that interchanges modern and archaic word forms? That has never been normal speech for any English-speaking generation.
I do believe that the RSV-2CE did a good job interchanging the modern forms in without damaging the text (for example, removing the word "didst" which was stapled to many verbs in the original RSV to make them past tense, see Baruch 2:11 for example.) I do like the fact that the Lord's Prayer is conformed to the liturgical version in the 2CE.
The RSV-2CE definitely has the edge over the old one for these reasons, and because it's general format, column headings, cross-references, and notes are easier for the reader than any other available edition.
- April 17, 2011 at 11:27 AM
- Theophrastus said...
Amazon is currently having a sale (presumably tied in with Holy Week) on many of its Bibles -- they are 50% off.
Here are some Bibles on 50%-off sale that might be of special interest to a Catholic audience:
NRSV w/Apocrypha
* New Oxford Annotated Bible with Apocrypha (NRSV)
* NRSV Go-Anywhere Thinline with Apocrypha
* NRSV Go-Anywhere Compact Thinline with Apocrypha
* New Interpreter's Study Bible (NRSV)
* NRSV-CE Catholic Gift Bible
* Catholic Faith and Family Bible Hardcover (NRSV-CE)
* Catholic Faith and Family Bible Paperback (NRSV-CE)
* Ignatius RSV-2CE Hardcover
* Ignatius Catholic Study Bible NT (RSV-2CE) Hardcover
* Ingatius Catholic Bible Compact Zipper (RSV-CE)
* My Daily Catholic Bible (RSV-CE)
* New Catholic Answer Bible (NAB)
* Common English Bible New Testament Decotone
There are also quite a few non-Catholic Bibles on 50% off sale, including the hardcover editions of the ESV Study Bible, the Zondervan NIV Study Bible, the NLT Study Bible, and the NLT Life Application Study Bible.
This list is by no means exhaustive -- so if you are considering buying a particular Bible, it may be worthwhile to look at Amazon soon.
- April 17, 2011 at 11:51 AM
- Timothy said...
Awesome links! Thanks!
- April 17, 2011 at 11:54 AM
- Timothy said...
BTW: just ordered the compact Ignatius RSV. Can't beat the price!
- April 17, 2011 at 11:56 AM
- Theophrastus said...
I somehow missed this Bible also at 50% off, even though it is especially relevant to this discussion:
* Ignatius RSV-2CE Bonded Leather
- April 17, 2011 at 12:09 PM
- rolf said...
Thanks for the info, I purchased The Ignatius Catholic Study Bible NT as a confirmation gift for a lady in my RCIA class.
I agree with you, I like the icons on the cover of the RSV-2CE very much. I never get tired looking at them. Beside the Ignatius Catholic Study Bible, the RSV-2CE Bible, they are also on the two RSV-2CE Lectionary Books that I have (which I use for my daily readings). The icons to me reflect the sacredness of the Bible and the word of God in general!
- April 17, 2011 at 2:46 PM
- Daniel said...
I went back over Liturgiam authenticam this weekend (It had been a long time) and find that the RSV-2CE seems to have been revised according to it in the most superficial and haphazard manner.
I find many of the guidelines established by LA to be problematic but the entire justification for the RSV-2CE was the adoption of the guidelines set forth in LA.
So the question is, should we expect a further revision of the RSV-2CE? Is a RSV-3CE on the horizon?
To answer the question of what to do with the RSV-2CE, I'd say watch and wait to see if it ever realizes its stated goals as a translation.
- April 18, 2011 at 7:25 AM
- Theophrastus said...
Some comments above address the new YOUCAT.
I recently had a chance to look over the English version of YOUCAT, and I have to say, I was impressed. What particularly impressed by the extensive inspiration quotes in the margins. It makes me wish that there was an adult version of YOUCAT.
(I should mention that the CCC can be read together with a useful volume called the Companion. I find the Companion an invaluable resource when reading the CCC, but the Companion has deficiencies: (1) it is keyed to the French first edition rather than the English second edition, so the references don't match up and some references are missing; and (2) it only includes "c.f." references from the CCC, and not the direct partial quotes from the CCC -- often, knowing the extended context of a partial quote is useful.)
Besides being interesting in their own right (and helping the reader think about the words, rather than simply running one's eyes over the text of the Catechism) the YOUCAT quotes also serve to demonstrate that the Catechism does not come out of thin air, but rather is part of a long tradition of thought.
I've read criticism in some quarters that YOUCAT is patronizing or "dumbed down." I disagree. While parts of it are a little gimmicky (e.g., the dancing man) it is a thoughtful work that is in many ways superior to existing works such as the Compendium or other restatements/abridgments of the CCC.
- April 20, 2011 at 5:38 PM
- Timothy said...
I love the design and think it would work well with youth and young adults. I think it is a great resource. The intro by B16 is worth the cost alone, particularly when he commends readers to study it with friends. Then he remarks that they (youth) need to be better educated in the faith than the previous generation.
- April 20, 2011 at 5:55 PM
I just got a copy of the leather RSV-CE2 for a friend from Amazon. The one I got about a year ago from Ignatius Press directly is a bit different: it was published for Ignatius by Thomas Nelson. The pages have a yellow tint, the ribbons are burgundy instead of red, there are 3 less map pages (it has the Thomas Nelson maps), and the icons stamped on the front are of a better quality, and stamped in finer detail.
Seems that perhaps Amazon was trying to exhaust its leftovers from the initial printing?
BTW, I also have the RSV-CE concordance from Emmaus Road Publishing. It has a Appendix in the back that is the addition of all the changes that went into making the second edition.
- April 21, 2011 at 1:25 PM
- Timothy said...
Yes, I wrote about the difference in the newer RSV-2CE's about a year ago:
It is a nice improvement, but still could be better. Particularly in regards to the cover, which should be in an option of genuine leather or premium ultrasoft.
- April 21, 2011 at 1:39 PM
The Bible I received the other day seems as you described in the link mentioned, except the pages definitely are not glossy. Makes me wonder if Ignatius is publishing the RSV-2CE apart from Thomas Nelson again. The NT and Psalms and the New Testament Study Bible hardcover I got from them in the past 6 months are not done by Thomas Nelson, either.
Tim, have you seen of any typos in the RSV-2CE? I just heard a rumor, but don't know if perhaps the later printings are corrected.
One last thing, I got the Genesis Study Bible booklet. Like the NT, it has many interesting interpretations in it, especially in places that are not specifically defined by the Church.
- April 24, 2011 at 10:19 AM
- Timothy said...
I haven't seen any typos with the newer edition. I too have heard the rumors. I will look into it.
I also recently received the Genesis commentary. Hope to post a review in the coming weeks.
- April 25, 2011 at 2:47 PM
I found your blog and have been enjoying it! I know this post is older, but I'm a little confused. I thought awhile back you chose the NRSV as your everyday bible and you wrote a few posts stating the reasons why and that you were using the Cambridge reference edition. But now I am reading that you chose the RSC-2CE and even had your copy rebound. Could you offer some clarity for this poor, confused soul? :)
- March 3, 2014 at 8:28 PM
I know this is a very old post, but I would like to offer a few thoughts, if I may:
1) The RSV-2CE is a great Bible for Bible study, particular if using the Scott Hahn/Curtis Mitch New Testament edition.
2) Let's not hate on the icons-they are beautiful! That being said, it may be good to improve the durability-I always worry I will scratch one right off by accident.
3) I think part of the issue is people mistake Bibles that are great for study primarily, but that can be used for reading alone, as Bibles specifically designed for reading ONLY, a la Lectio Divina style.
As a suggestion, if the goal is Lectio Divina, I highly recommend the Knox translation-it DOES have the "thee/though" archaics, but it was written by a British Catholic whose goal was to provide a Bible in beautifully written, easy-to-follow English. I can attest to the beauty, and I can't tell you how many reviews I have read of people crying over the power of the particular translation (particularly in the Psalms).
It is accurately keyed to the Vulgate (D-R-C style in that sense), but it is a little looser than the D-R-C in its translation method, so it is a very pleasant read.
As a final thought, I have to admit that the NABRE lacks the "punch" of any other the other versions discussed (D-R-C, RSV-CE, RSV-2CE)in terms of style of writing, and I have a particular concern for the footnotes/endnotes included in EVERY NABRE Bible. They seem to rely overly-extensively on the historical-critical method, and seem to insist on the "Q" theory of Gospel authorship as the only possible explanation for authorship, despite more recent, more bountiful, and more convincing, evidence suggesting that "Q" is bunk as a theory.
But that's just me. Anyway, God Bless everyone, and have a great evening!
- August 31, 2014 at 8:14 PM
- John Kennedy said...
I have been using the Catholic NRSV, mainly because its use by the Vatican, but the use of inclusive language is often wooden and unnatural. Also some of their choices of renderings seem to be made just to be different. The translators seem to care not one whit about the traditional rendering of a text. For example Gen 1:2 "while a wind from God swept over the face of the waters" removes the Holy Spirit from the Genesis account.
I just purchased a leather bound RSV-CE2 from Ignatius Press and one of the first things that struck me was the lack of any sort of introduction explaining anything about the text(s) used or principles of translation or what has been revised and why. There are simply the introduction from the 1966 edition of the RSV. It is the first translation I have ever seen without any kind of introduction explaining why this translation exists and what it accomplishes. I was also shocked that this leather bound edition uses a kind of yellow tinted paper that seems to be of poor quality.
- July 19, 2015 at 2:50 PM
- Timothy said...
You point out some issues with this Bible that have perplexed people on this blog for years. There remains little transparency on this revision and a lack of willingness to make it into a premium edition. Maybe that will change with time.....
- July 19, 2015 at 3:52 PM
- David Brainerd said...
As I understand it, the RSV-CE only has "thees and thous" in the Psalms anyway, so what is the point of removing them in the RSV-CE2? Personally I have the blue cloth covered hardcover of the RSV-CE (whole Bible) and a New Testament and Psalms of the RSV-CE2, and I much prefer the Psalms in the RSV-CE precisely because I like "thees and thous." The obliteration of the "thees and thous" for me means I won't be buying any more RSV's unless its to get one more with the "thees and thous" before they become unavailable.
- January 7, 2017 at 2:28 AM
- Eric E. Durnan said...
I cut my teeth on a Melton 1971 RSV Protestant Bible. I loved the translation other than the these and thous. I converted to Catholicism in my 20's and have searched for a Catholic bible that was as good as my original RSV bible, not then understanding that the RSV came in a Catholic version too. I ended up settling on the 1966 Jerusalem Bible as my go to Catholic bible, but after purchasing my daughter a bible, a NABRE, I got to looking into the various translations again and discovered that the RSV comes in Catholic version too. Lo and behold, the 2CE has the these and thous removed while leaving the rest of the beautiful English text. I have purchased several 2CE's for my family and that is our go to bible now. The NABRE is too flat in it's translation. There's little feeling in the words and while that is what is used at church, it's the 2CE that's used at home, with our fall back being the 1966 Jerusalem Bible as it has great footnotes and I do prefer the use of God's proper name in that version.
- September 14, 2017 at 9:24 PM


text:
Case Reports in Medicine
Volume 2010, Article ID 296730, 4 pages
Intrathoracic Caecal Perforation Presenting as Dyspnea
1Service des Soins Intensifs, Cliniques Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10 1200, Brussels, Belgium
2Service de Radiologie, Cliniques Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10 1200, Brussels, Belgium
3Service de Chirurgie et Transplantation Abdominale et service des Urgences, Cliniques Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10 1200, Brussels, Belgium
Received 14 July 2010; Revised 29 November 2010; Accepted 21 December 2010
Academic Editor: Gerald S. Supinski
Copyright © 2010 Vincent Granier et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Introduction. Bochdalek hernia is a congenital defect of the diaphragm that is usually diagnosed in the neonatal period and incidentally in asymptomatic adults. Small bowel incarceration in a right-sided Bochdalek hernia is exceptional for an adult. Case Presentation. A 54-year-old woman was admitted for acute dyspnea, tachycardia, hypotension, and fever. Five days before, she had been experiencing an episode of diffuse abdominal pain. The admission chest X-ray was interpreted as right pleural effusion and pneumothorax with left mediastinal shift. Chest tube drainage was purulent. The thoracoabdominal CT examination suspected an intestinal incarceration through a right diaphragmatic defect. At laparotomy, a right-sided Bochdalek hernia was confirmed with a complete necrosis of the incarcerated caecum. Ileocaecal resection was performed, but the patient died from delayed septic complications. Conclusion. Intrathoracic perforation of the caecum is a rare occurrence; delayed diagnosis due to misleading initial symptoms may lead to severe complications and poor prognosis.
1. Introduction
Faecopneumothorax is a very rare but potentially fatal occurrence due to the perforation of the colon or the small bowel into the thorax. It may occur as a complication of a traumatic diaphragmatic injury but is exceptional after a congenital defect. We describe an unusual presentation of a Bochdalek hernia in an adult complicated by a right-sided incarceration and secondary perforation of the caecum.
2. Case Report
A 54-year-old woman presented to the Emergency Department for acute dyspnea. She had a past medical history of rheumatoid arthritis and for many years was treated by steroids and etanercept. There was no history of previous abdominal trauma. Five days earlier, while staying abroad for holidays, she went through diffuse abdominal pain including diarrhoea and vomiting. The patient had local medical consultation, where physical examination was found unremarkable. An abdominal ultrasound was reported as normal; no laboratory tests nor chest X-ray examination were deemed necessary. She was prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain relief. The abdominal pain progressively disappeared, but anorexia persisted. During the flight back, 5 days later, the patient complained from acute dyspnea. On arrival in the Emergency Department, the patient was tachypneic (respiratory rate > 40/min) and presented peripheral cyanosis. The pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) on room air was only 75%. The other vital signs were temperature 38.4°C, heart rate 133/min, and arterial blood pressure 97/36 mmHg. Lung auscultation revealed diminished breathing sounds in the right field. The abdomen was soft with normal bowel sounds. Laboratory investigations revealed elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) 44.6 mg/dL (<1), white blood cell count 10200/mm³, blood urea 136 mg/dL (15–50), and serum creatinine 1.55 mg/dL (0.6–1.4). Arterial blood gas analysis showed an arterial pH at 7.38, with PCO2 26 mmHg, total bicarbonate 15 mmol/L, and lactate 3 mmol/L. The admission chest X-ray showed a large lucent right hemithorax with left mediastinal shift (Figure 1). The patient was suspected to have tension pneumothorax.
An anterior chest tube was placed and drained 500 mL of pus. Microscopic examination of the pleural fluid revealed the presence of at least three microorganisms. Admission blood cultures were positive for Clostridium tertium and Bacteroides fragilis.
Since the patient did not have a typical history for a lung infection and her initial symptoms were abdominal pain, a contrast-enhanced thoracoabdominal computed tomography (CT) was performed (Figure 2). This examination showed a large right pneumothorax with lung collapse and an air-fluid collection in place of the lower right pulmonary lobe. Small bowel distension was noted with a flat transverse and left colon. A small bowel obstruction due to incarceration through a right diaphragmatic defect was suspected.
Exploratory laparotomy was performed and showed an incarcerated right diaphragmatic hernia containing the terminal ileum and the caecum up to the middle part of the right colon (Figure 2). The diaphragmatic defect was enlarged radially, and the completely necrotic and perforated caecum was reduced into the abdomen. An ileocaecal resection was performed with terminal ileostomy and mucus fistula on the colon. Transdiaphragmatic pleural lavage and right lung decortication was performed. After placement of two large-bore chest tubes and reexpansion of the right lung, the diaphragmatic defect was sutured.
The clinical condition improved rapidly after surgery. However, on the 6th postoperative day, a new thoracoabdominal CT was done due to the recurrence of fever with a high suspicion of sepsis. It showed multiple right chest wall abscesses that required surgical debridement and drainage. Resistant Enterococcus faecalis was identified in the abscesses and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in blood cultures. Unfortunately, the patient also developed necrotizing fasciitis of the thighs and lower abdomen which led to refractory septic shock and finally death.
3. Discussion
Faecopneumothorax is a rare occurrence that usually results from the perforation of the bowel after incarceration in a diaphragmatic hernia. In most of the previously published cases, the herniation of the colon occurred in the left thorax. The main aetiology for diaphragmatic hernias is blunt abdominal trauma and penetrating injuries [1].
Bochdalek hernia is a congenital diaphragmatic defect that occurs in about 2,200 to 12,500 live births. As this type of defect is usually symptomatic and badly tolerated, diagnosis is usually made in neonates, and only 5% are discovered after childhood. Right-sided Bochdalek hernias are far less common than left-sided ones (80–90%) [2]. This is presumably due to the pleuroperitoneal canal closes earlier on the right side or to narrowing of the right pleuroperitoneal canal by the caudate lobe of the liver. Contrasting with this assumption and with the previously published data, a retrospective analysis of 13,138 abdominal CT reports found a higher incidence of right-sided hernias (68%) among asymptomatic adults (22 patients representing an incidence of 0.17%, with a female prevalence of 77%) [3].
Only one case of caecal perforation through a Bochdalek hernia has been reported in the literature [4]. In that case, the hernia was left-sided, with the transverse colon entering the posterolateral defect; caecal perforation resulted in peritonitis.
An extensive review of 14 cases right-sided Bochdalek hernias obstructing in adults revealed that 43% of the reported cases presented with acute abdominal pain, 36% with respiratory symptoms, and 27% with symptoms of obstruction [5]. In half of the cases, the hernia sac contained colon and multiple other viscera in 40%. In only four cases, only the small bowel was incarcerated, and signs of strangulation were evident in only one case [6–9]. In one case, the hernia included the ileum, colon, and gallbladder [10]. These five patients were aged from 32 to 74 years (three females, two males). The main clinical features were abdominal pain (three cases), intestinal obstruction (two cases), and respiratory symptoms (together with abdominal pain in one case). Three patients were treated by laparotomy, one by thoracotomy, and one by combined approach; they all survived. Other isolated case reports of right-sided Bochdalek hernias have been published. For a 38-year-old woman, the diagnosis was made after evidence of mild epigastric pain and minimal right pleural effusion on chest X-ray [11]. The right lobe of the liver, flexura hepatica of the colon, and omentum were herniated into the thorax cavity; the diaphragmatic defect was repaired by thoracotomy. For another 75-year-old woman admitted with cough and palpitation, herniation of the small and large bowels in a right posterior diaphragmatic (without ischemia) was successfully treated by thoracotomy [12].
Since the symptoms are varied, the diagnosis may be delayed, particularly when routine chest X-ray examination is not conclusive or is misinterpreted. Gastrointestinal symptoms related to the obstruction of the herniated organ are more commonly seen, but some patients may present symptoms such as cough, breathlessness, and palpitation but no major abdominal complaints. A 35-year-old woman typically presented with central abdominal pain, vomiting, and tenderness at the palpation of the right upper quadrant [13]. The chest X-ray revealed bowel loops under the right hemidiaphragm, above the liver. This was erroneously diagnosed as Chilaiditi's sign (hepatodiaphragmatic interposition of bowel in usually asymptomatic patients) [14]. The correct diagnosis was made 48 hours later, when the patient developed clinical signs of peritonitis. At laparotomy, the mid-jejunum was found to be incarcerated in a right-sided Bochdalek hernia, and ischemic small bowel was also found inside the abdominal cavity. The patient recovered following surgery.
The initial chest X-ray may be also misinterpreted as tension pneumothorax or lung consolidation with empyema [15]. Faecal drainage from the chest tube is then highly indicative of perforation.
Additionally, the detection of congenital diaphragmatic hernia may be missed because of intermittent herniation of the abdominal viscera into the thoracic cavity. Our patient had been investigated two years before by a thoracoabdominal CT when she was admitted to the hospital for a respiratory disease. Helical CT is extremely valuable in the detection of diaphragmatic injuries with an accuracy of 88% for left-sided injuries and 70% for right-sided injuries [16]. At that time, there was evidence of a small posterior diaphragmatic defect containing a very limited portion of the liver, but no immediate surgical repair was proposed. Herniation of the caecum must have occurred spontaneously during the past two years. The common factors associated to herniation (recent trauma, severe strain, and obesity) were not present.
Transabdominal and transthoracic approaches have been recommended for Bochdalek hernia repair [17]. When the patient has signs of intestinal obstruction or strangulation, as in our case, the abdominal approach with midline incision is the first option. A thoracotomy could be additionally required if the intrathoracic bowel cannot be reduced transdiaphragmatically. If there is no incarcerated bowel, transthoracic repair of a right diaphragmatic hernia seems more appropriate.
In conclusion, a rare case of right-sided Bochdalek hernia with intrathoracic caecal perforation is described. The poor prognosis is due to the delayed diagnosis and to the extensive infectious complications related to the chronic use of immunosuppressive drugs [18]. It is emphasized that with congenital diaphragmatic hernias the symptoms and signs of bowel perforation may also include respiratory distress and chest infections [2].
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- M. E. Owen, G. C. Rowley, M. J. Tighe, and P. N. Wake, "Delayed diagnosis of infarcted small bowel due to right-sided Bochdalek hernia," Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, vol. 89, no. 2, pp. W1–2, 2007. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
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- A. M. Dalton, R. S. Hodgson, and C. Crossley, "Bochdalek hernia masquerading as a tension pneumothorax," Emergency Medicine Journal, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 393–394, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. Nchimi, D. Szapiro, B. Ghaye et al., "Helical CT of blunt diaphragmatic rupture," American Journal of Roentgenology, vol. 184, no. 1, pp. 24–30, 2005. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. Thomas and B. Kapur, "Adult bochdalek hernia—clinical features, management and results of treatment," Japanese Journal of Surgery, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 114–119, 1991. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- E. Montresor, L. Bortolasi, S. Modena et al., "Delayed traumatic hernia of the diaphragm presenting with hypertensive pneumothorax. Case report and review of the literature," Giornale di Chirurgia, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 295–296, 1997. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus


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Jim Toner is a real estate investor and entrepreneur who has been in this field for more than 25 years now. In that period, he has been in lowest lows and the highest high. He has faced both bad and good experiences in his life. What made Jim Toner successful is the control of his life that he did. He came out a broken man and now he is among the successful people in real estate investments. He is, therefore, a coach, investor, and mentor after the few years of success. He is now building an empire of his and this has made him share his secrets with others as he hopes that he will take control by helping them build their own wealth and also control their financial life.
The past years for an average American were difficult due to recession and house market crash. It brought out get-rich-scam artists who were taking advantage of the others. Most of the people had to lose their properties especially in their retirements accounts, accrued assets or real estates. Real estate is not something bad, but the decision those people were making were misguiding and poor. Jim Toner believes that the world is entering into a potentially staggering wealth accumulation. Probably in five years to come, the opportunities will abound, and everyone will get that opportunity to capitalize, only for the prepared ones.
Jim Toner talks about his most important weapon, attitude. Attitude is not a secret but, in most cases, it is thrown by the wayside during the business time and life decisions. It doesn't matter the side of the coin you are, what will matter is how you have viewed the economy. Did you look for an opportunity or an obstacle? Did you see and discover a potential reward, or you saw a potential risk?
For this reason, it makes attitude something very important. The skills you have or don't have doesn't matter in any way. Even if you have knowledge or connection, without having a positive attitude, then you are not going to grow. This is the reason why Jim Toner is insisting on purchasing a book written by Jim Rohn talking about the art of living exceptionally.
Connect with Jim Toner on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheJimToner/


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The Best Couple's Vacations To Go On For Valentine's Day
Valentine's Day brings the perfect excuse for a getaway! You can pop the ultimate question and later enjoy many trips to celebrate for years to come! Whether your go-to is an island, a beach getaway, golfing or spending time in the city, this list will offer you exceptional accommodations to help make your trip something to enjoy now and to remember later:
– Turtle Bay Resort, Hawaii: This is one of the most romantic spots ever! Located on the island Oahu, this resort is known as the place to celebrate love. Hundreds of honeymooners come to visit each year and they are making sure that this Valentine's Day is one to remember for you and your sweetheart! You can enjoy a romantic, private dinner on the beach, ride horses in the sand, sip cocktails while watching the sunset, and even enjoy a private picnic featuring champagne!
The Best Couple's Vacations To Go On For Valentine's Day Photo Gallery
– Bungalows at Montage Resort in Laguna Beach: This resort, located in California, is sure to bring the romance! With an ocean view and a fireplace and French doors, you will feel as though you are the star of the next big movie! Offering Valentine's Day specials and packages in the spa, you can surprise the love of your life with a relaxing getaway!
– The Sanctuary, Kiawah Island: Just a few miles away from historic Charleston, this Island Golf Resort has it all! If you can't decide between a beach vacation, a romantic getaway, or a golf resort, don't stress! Kiawah Island has it all! Offering you five different world-class golf courses, a beach where you can breath in the warm, salty air, and a romantic dinner to celebrate Valentine's Day, you will be sure to have a trip you and your love will never forget!
-Gatlinburg Cabin Rentals: Enjoy everything that Tennessee and the Smoky Mountains have to offer with these cabins and condos! Fishing, white water rafting, a couples ski getaway or Splash Country if the whole family is along for the ride! Diamond Rentals has you covered with whatever your accommodations may be!
Stop letting your getaway dreams be a dream! Valentine's Day is just around the corner and now is the perfect time to make your dreams a reality! Whether it be the beach, the mountains, or a golf course, you are sure to surprise your love this Valentine's Day!
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This limited edition Giclée Art Print, designed by Victor Barajas, comes with a numbered and signed certificate of authenticity. Printed on 100% cotton, acid-free, heavyweight paper using HDR UltraChrome Archival Ink, this artwork reflects our commitment to the highest color, paper, and printing standards.
This limited edition Fine Art Block designed by Victor Barajas is numbered, signed and comes with a certificate of authenticity. Artwork is printed on fine art paper using archival inks and mounted to a 2" deep hand stained dark brown frame. Comes ready to hang.
Gold and amber Compass in a dark sky background.
United States


text: I know that it is not really a cycling sort of place, but has anyone on here visited the Scilly Isles? I have often thought of going there, and recently watching a programme about it, has reminded me how wonderful it looks. I do not want baking hot weather, but pleasant weather to explore without several layers of fleeces. Perhaps late May. Has anyone got any suggestions, or advice.


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Phone: +919161205209
|» Products
|» Concrete Mixer Machines
|» Reversible Drum Concrete Mixer
We have marked a distinct position in the domain by supplying Reversible Drum Concrete Mixer. It is a well engineered piece of construction machinery for carrying mixing mortar from the place where it is to be poured. It also gives enough time to the workers to mix the composition before the concrete hardens. Reversible Drum Concrete Mixer is portable because of its compact design and can be easily carried to the construction sites. Clients can avail our mixer machine in different specifications as per their requirements.
V D PANDEY All Rights Reserved.(Terms of Use)
Developed and Managed by Infocom Network Ltd.


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Utilis BPO is a growth-oriented international technical Support, IT projects management and outsourcing services firm, founded by a group of professionals with diverse backgrounds in back office support, business development, digital marketing management, technology and web/apps development. It is supporting the entire customer lifecycle from front-office customer interaction to back-office reverse logistics. For over a decade, top management of Utilis BPO has been providing cost effective quality services to clients around the globe. We provide customized solutions open to the wide-ranging requirements of our each customer at a very logical price. This philosophy has resulted us the long-term customer loyalty.
More info »
At Utilis BPO, our goal is to create a seamless link among our client-partners and their end-users customized to the particular needs. We sketch our operations and feedback for the services we provide, to closely interweave with our client-partner operations. Our mission is to server our clients with all they expect us to by maintaining a dedicated team of competent professionals and supporting workforce. We staff our center with competent representatives, using modern technology. This allows us to correspond with customers in the best possible efficient and effective manner. The end result is that Utilis BPO is typically at the lower end from a pricing angle without compromising the quality that is expected from our clients / associates.
What We Offer »
Utilis BPO provides complete head to tail B2B (Business-to-Business) and B2C (Business-to-consumer) solution for business process outsourcing and support services, offering the most comprehensive cost-effective class services to its clients. The services offered include, but not limited to the following: - Debt Collection & Skip Tracing - Digital Marketing (SEO, SEM, SMO and SMM) - Inbound Services (email, live chat & phone support) - Outbound Services (appointment setting, survey & telemarketing) - Website, Software & Application Development
Get in touch »
Email: email@example.com
Phone: (845) 704-1900


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Ranked #2 of 15 for Best Best Place to Skinny-dip
Bring your whole body sunscreen.
Vote: BEST Best Place to Skinny-dip
Whether you're looking to relax and float down the river or trying to be daring by going for a quick skinny dip, this is the place.
Vote: BEST Best Place to Skinny-dip
The 2017 Pacific Northwest A-List awards are based on more than 500 votes from local Pacific Northwest-area experts.
Best Honeymoon Destination ⋅ Best Roadside Diner ⋅ Best Lighthouse ⋅ Best Luxury Hotel ⋅ Best Treat Shop


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I am 62 years old.
I have big expirience in caring and looking after those unable to care for themeselves, especially sick and elderly peaple.
I am honest, kind, concerned, friendly,thoughtful, undestanding, responsible, tidy.
I worked in UK company "Complete Care" for 10 and half years, and also worked privately for elderly.
I like gardening
Live In Care Experience: 6+ Yrs. Yrs
General Care Experience: Live in care work, Other Care Work, Care for close relative or loved one
Gender: Female
Looking for work in the following Locations:
London, South East, Berkshire, Brighton and Hove, Buckinghamshire, Cornwall, East Sussex, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Isle of Wight, Kent, Middlesex, Milton Keynes, Oxfordshire, Portsmouth, Southampton, Surrey, West Sussex, Wiltshire, Midlands, Derby, Derbyshire, Leicester, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, North East Lincolnshire, North Lincolnshire, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, Rutland
Other Information
English Language Level: Intermediate
Driving Licence: No Licence
Care Qualifications: NVQ Health and Social Care
Care Skills: Catheter Care, Complex Care, Manual Handling, Multiple Sclerosis, Peg Feeding, Personal Care, Spinal Injury, Stoma, Stroke
Current DBS: No
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The Best Supermarkets are Off Limits to Most
And one of the reasons it can be so difficult to get any food is that the top supermarkets in Pyongyang, of which there are two, are only accessed by the elite (those same people who are not allowed to show off their wealth).
Citizens Can Sometimes be Seen Eating Grass
Yeah, we're mining this whole "malnutrition" thing and pointing out that it gets so bad that, sometimes, you can see North Koreans picking fistfuls of grass to eat.
Computers Without Electricity
North Korea likes to show off the fact that they've got computers, but most of the time, there's no electricity to actually power them.
The Lines for the Bus Are Insane
We mentioned earlier that public transportation is rare. So naturally, where it is available, the lines for the bus are absolutely, ridiculously, ludicrously long.
And the Buses Don't Always Work
If you're lucky enough to get on a bus, there's a solid chance you'll have to hop out and push when it inevitably breaks down.
Bathing Outdoors is Still Common
Most of us take a shower for granted, but it's incredibly common in North Korea for people to need to head to the local body of water to wash up, which is something you'd never expect in the 21st century.


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Renovations & Interior Design
We provide a holistic approach to the design of any property renovation or new build projects. Providing a seamless service from the planning and the design stages through to implementation and completion.A passion for interior design with a natural flair for creating beautiful and affordable, timeless interiors.
Working closely with our clients to ensure that the end results exceed their expectations always focusing on the ultimate goal of creating homes of distinction with a feeling of elegance and luxury.
Our co-ordinated approach ensures that we work together from start to finish to ensure that the project is delivered on time, to specification and within budget. We work in conjunction with builders and other third party suppliers ensuring the smooth running of all work from conception to completion of the project.
As well as offering a turnkey solution, we are able to break down our services from procurement to project management. This enables the client to pick and choose which services are required to take their project from concept to completion.
Our Services
- Full management & build service
- Architecture, Spatial Planning, Ideas & Advice, Project Management, Joinery, Bathrooms, Kitchens, Full build and Landscaping
- Turnkey Solution from procurement to project management
Interior Design Services
- Consultancy, Ideas and advice
- Soft Furnishings and Finishes department
- Curtains, Blinds & Shutters,Upholstery, Flooring, Tiles
- Furniture & Artwork


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Home Care
Protect your home from common pests such as ants, bees, spiders, and more!
Protect your home from common pests such as ants, bees, spiders, and more!
For our customers who live in areas with a bit more pest pressure, we treat all pests covered with the HOME CARE plan PLUS regular termite inspections.
Our most comprehensive package, including year-round protection from general pests, termite inspections, and rodent control.
You can count on Corbett Exterminating to keep your home pest-free at an affordable price. Using proven solutions, our highly trained exterminators in Winslow will ensure that your space is safe from pests every day. We provide Winslow pest control that is reliable and effective. With 40 years of experience in pest control, we treat you like family while protecting yours.
You shouldn't have to feel paranoid about pests in your home. Corbett Exterminating offers the best pest control services at a great price so you can spend more time thinking about the things that matter. Our Winslow pest control technicians undergo extensive training so that no bug is left behind. Our meticulous inspections and strategic solutions help you avoid any unwelcome surprises and with 24-hour emergency services available in Winslow, you never have to wait for relief.
Corbett Exterminating can do it all. Our exterminators in Winslow take care of a vast range of pests from silverfish to bed bugs. Some insects are simply a nuisance while others pose a potential health risk to your family. Our comprehensive pest control treatments make the process worry-free – no matter what kind of pest you are dealing with!
As part of our pest control services in Winslow, we offer unlimited retreatments to ensure that your home is totally pest free year round.
We know that choosing a pest control service is an important decision. Let us make it easy for you to get started with us with these exclusive special offers!


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Al Ain the desert oasis of the UAE, surround by beautifully vast landscapes that show the mountains in the distance it is a place of enchantment. An Al Ain Oasis Tour from Abu Dhabi can be easily arranged and captures what life is like outside the mega cities. Visit Al Ain National Museum, Al Ain Palace Museum and the camel racetracks before heading to Jebel Hafeet to see the Hot Springs situated at the foot of this mountain.
You will be spirited off from your hotel to embark on an enchanting adventure into Al Ain from Abu Dhabi. Once a desert oasis it is now littered with archeological ruins and digs dating as far back as 5,000 years. A visit to Hili Gardens is our first stop; it combines both a public garden and an archeological site with remnants of Bronze Age settlements.
On to Al Ain Palace Museum, which was once the residence of the late ruler Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan and is now home to interesting displays that offer an insight into their family and lifestyle.Al Ain National Museum is next it provides an overview of the country's tradition and culture.
No journey to the Middle East would be complete without the chance to see camels up close and personal, and this city tour allows you to do just that. Complete your excursion with a journey to Jahili Fort to view an extensive photography collection of famous explorer Wilfred Thesiger and the hot springs before heading back to Abu Dhabi.
Pick up services from your hotel & return.
All transfers by air-conditioned coach.
English speaking guide during the tour.
Entrance fees to all the mentioned sites.
Lunch meal during the tour.
All taxes & service charge.
Any extra not mentioned in the itinerary.
|Number of persons
|1 Person
|2-4 Persons
|5-8 Persons
|9-16 Persons
|Prices per person
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In fact, you can integrate loops in a JSP with several ways. The EMF model will represent these ways differently.
If you write a scriptlet containing a loop in Java (for, while, ...):
the EMF model created from this JSP will contain a JSPScriptlet object which contains the text of the scriptlet.
The discoverer currently provided by MoDisco does not parse the content of the scriptlet. It will be provided in a future version (after Indigo) by using the Java metamodel to represent the Java fragments contained in a scriptlet.
Another way for looping in a JSP can be achieved by using the "forEach" tag:
In this case, the EMF model will contain a JSPAction object whith the name of the tag ("c:forEach" here):
This EMF object contains children which are the attributes of the tag (var, items, varStatus, ...) and the sub elements of the tag (a JSPAction "c:choose" and an Element "tr"):


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West Ham vs Stoke: Live stream, TV channel, kick-off time, and team news for TONIGHT'S Premier League clash
Hammers know a win would all but secure Premier League survival but for the Potters defeat could put them on the brink of the Championship
DAVID MOYES has not had everything his own way at West Ham since replacing Slaven Bilic back in early November.
Despite pulling the Hammers out of the relegation zone, his side are still not safe but know a win over Stoke on Monday could be enough to ensure they avoid the drop.
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West Ham have 34 points, seven more than 19th-placed Stoke, who have lost their last four and have won just once since Christmas.
Paul Lambert's Stoke face difficult matches against Burnley and Liverpool before finishing the season with huge matches against fellow strugglers Crystal Palace and then Swansea.
Moyes will know the importance of all three points in this fixture, though, with the Hammers facing Arsenal, Manchester City, Leicester, Manchester United and Everton in their remaining matches.
Most read in football
What time is kick-off?
THE game is TONIGHT - Monday, April 16.
It is being held at the London Stadium.
Kick-off is 8pm.
Which channel can I watch the game on?
YOU can watch this match live on Sky Sports Premier League and Main Event, with coverage starting at 7pm.
To stream the game use your Sky Go app or buy a Now TV pass from just £7.99.
And SunSport will be running a LIVE BLOG which will bring you all the action and talking points as they happen.
What is the team news?