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Last updated on November 5th, 2018 at 11:48 am
These Cheddar Cheese Buttermilk Biscuits are really simple and quick to make, so delicious, tender, flaky and super cheesy. Loaded with cheddar cheese and super tender from the buttermilk, these biscuits are the perfect addition to any meal, or enjoyed as a snack.
These cheddar cheese buttermilk biscuits are my favorite biscuits in the whole world. I've been making them for years now and absolutely love them. This recipe is fool proof, which means these cheese biscuits are really easy to make and pretty quick too.
If you are worried that biscuits are a lot of hard work and may require a lot of technique and practice, think again. Biscuits are probably one of the easiest things you can bake. Check out my tips below and you will always end up with the perfect biscuit.
These cheese biscuits are so tender, flaky, cheesy and they smell heavenly.
You can cut these any way you want, I usually use a 2 inch cookie cutter to cut my biscuits, but you could cut them square, triangular like scones, it's totally up to you. The shape doesn't really matter. As you can see in the video I used a glass, so that works well too. We're in the middle of a move and all my stuff is packed, so no cookie cutter for me, but the glass worked wonderfully.
I could never get tired of making cheese biscuits, the problem is I forget about them, until I see them in a coffee shop somewhere and then I get the urge run home and make them. They are such an easy thing to make and so worth it. Give these a try and do let me know how you like them.
- Always use cold ingredients. This is the key to a flaky biscuits with separate layers. I usually don't take anything out of the fridge until I'm ready to use that ingredient in the recipe.
- Do not over knead and be gentle. The more you work your dough, the more gluten you develop, and the more gluten you develop the tougher your biscuit will be and more prone to shrinking. Remember, treat it with love and be gentle.
- Use fresh ingredients, specifically your baking powder. The baking powder is what helps the biscuit layers puff up. To test the freshness of your baking powder, mix a spoonful of baking powder with 1/4 cup of hot water. If the baking powder is fresh, it will bubble vigorously.
If you try this recipe, please let us know! Leave a comment, rate it and tag a photo #jocooks on Instagram so we can see it. I always love to see what you guys come up with!
Cheddar Cheese Buttermilk Biscuits
- 1/2 cup buttermilk cold, shaken
- 1 egg cold
- 2 cups all-purpose flour plus more as needed
- 1 tbsp baking powder
- 1 1/2 tsp salt
- 12 tbsp butter cold, unsalted, slices (1 1/2 sticks)
- 1 cup cheddar cheese shredded
- 1 egg beaten
- Preheat your oven to 425 F degrees. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
- Whisk the buttermilk together with the cold egg in a small bowl. Set aside.
- In a large bowl add the flour, baking powder, salt and mix well.
- Using a pastry blender, cut in the butter until mixture resembles coarse meal. Mix in the cheddar cheese. Add the buttermilk mixture and using a wooden spoon mix everything together, then using your hands quickly knead a few times until the dough barely starts to come together.
- Turn the dough onto a floured surface and continue kneading a few times. Add more flour as needed, if the dough is too wet.
- Roll out the dough so that it's about half an inch thick to 3/4 of an inch.
- Using a round 2 inch cookie cutter or glass, cut into biscuits. Place the biscuits onto the prepared baking sheet. Gather the remaining dough and repeat making biscuits until you've used up all the dough. (I got 14 biscuits)
- Brush the biscuits with the beaten egg and bake in the preheated oven for about 20-25 minutes. Transfer to a rack to cool.
Watch How To Make It
- This dough could also be made in a mixer or food processor.
- Use cold ingredients to achieve flaky biscuits.
- Storage: Store biscuits in an airtight container at room temperature for 1 to 2 days. To freeze you can either freeze them before or after baking. If you bake them first, let them cool completely, then transfer them to a freezer plastic bag or airtight container and freeze for up to 1 month.
- Please keep in mind that nutritional information is a rough estimate and can vary greatly based on products used.
Recipe originally shared September 2013.


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Sage lacquered with Brown shades
Antique Walnut Borgo Antico
Clay lacquered with Ivory shades
White lacquered with Gold shades
MODELS: Rebecca, Anita, Elena, Luisa, Onelia, Beatrice
BASE UNITS: case in laminate blockboard th. 18mm in two oak and twist colour options; base front in plywood plastered with with quartz silicate water-based paints, to give a masonry effect (on the frame of the front, approx. 5cm, around the door) in two finishes: roller and plastered.
WALL UNITS: case in veneered blockboard th. 25mm, in finishes and colours combined with the door and not.
DOORS: in solid wood in various finishes, such as ash, chestnut, oak, poplar, with panels in solid wood or veneered plywood depending on the model.
HOODS: plastered plywood funnel (see base front) and cover in solid wood, combined with the wood type of the model.
Beatrice embodies the image of a romantic kitchen. The solid poplar cabinet fronts have central, raised decorative moulding enhanced by faux nails placed near the corners. The combination of antique walnut and painted fi nishes offers strong, warm traditional colours that evoke the atmosphere of farmhouses and the close knit families of long ago – a time when days passed slowly and everything was enjoyed in its simplicity.
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subset: commoncrawl


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A tepid stock market did a little sideways dance during the month of June; my portfolio was up by about $2,000.
While I was doing my month-end report, I converted a recently transferred T. Rowe Price fund worth about $70,000 into Admiral shares at Vanguard. Sorry T.Rowe, love ya, but Vanguard's fund of the same type had a .26% expense ratio vs your .66% expense ratio. The conversion to Admiral shares, which you can do with any Vanguard fund once it gets big enough, will reduce my annual expenses for the fund even further.
The fund I moved was a Roth IRA, so there won't be any tax consequences. This is the reason why the 2 remaining taxable funds I have at T. Rowe will stay put until I need them as I don't want to trigger any tax liability.
I recently opted in to a lower priced electricity offer by my current provider. The lower rate is only good for 4 months and then I'll have to shop around again. As with the conversion to Admiral shares at Vanguard, just a little bit of what I call "housekeeping" chores will save me money over the long haul.
Barclay's recently informed me the interest rate on my money markets there has ticked up, as they should at any bank since the fed raised rates. The uptick is not enough to exceed the rates I locked in on my laddered (2, 3, 4 and 5-year) CDs with Barclays, but it helps.
I have two focus groups coming up in July worth $125 and $225 each. I haven't done a focus group in ages. One is in town, the other I have to travel about an hour for. I also have 3 MS drug dinners sponsored by the pharma companies in July.
I have the central air on, set at 76 degrees. It's quite muggy and damp outside and it's so much more comfortable, although a few days earlier I really enjoyed opening all the windows around here, something I hadn't done for several years due to Waldo's allergies.
I still think I'm going to see him around a corner or in his favorite spot. Luther isn't showing visible signs of missing him although it sure seems quieter around here.
Financial housekeeping
A tepid stock market did a little sideways dance during the month of June; my portfolio was up by about $2,000.
18 Responses to "Financial housekeeping"
scottish girl
July 1st, 2017 at 06:49 amWill you get the money this month for the focus groups?
July 1st, 2017 at 06:52 amI think so. Most of the focus groups pay you in cash when you leave.
July 1st, 2017 at 09:59 amDid you put the funds into an index fund? I'm planning on selling a large portion of my TSLA stock, and am debating on what index fund to put it into at Vanguard.
July 1st, 2017 at 10:07 amYes, FrugalTexan nearly all my mutual fund money is in index funds now. I think you should try to see if you have any holes in your overall asset allocation to figure where to put it.
July 1st, 2017 at 11:17 amWise choice with Vanguard. Those initial days after a pets passing are so hard. We get so used to them in certain places and doing their routines. Our other cats didn't seem to take notice when our cat died in December.
July 2nd, 2017 at 07:48 amIf the funds you have in your taxable account at T Rowe Price are available thru Vanguard brokerage, you can do an in-kind transfer with no tax consequence to have all of your accounts custodies at Vanguard. Note that non-Vanguard funds and securities (including Vanguard ETFs) are held in a BROKERAGE account and Vanguard mutual funds are held in a MUTUAL FUND account. There are transaction fees for buying and selling in the brokerage account.
Also note that if you are going to be in the 15% bracket this year, that would be a good time to transfer in any case as cap gains will be taxed at zero percent. One harvests cap gains in low bracket years and cap losses in high bracket years. Figure this closer to year end since you do not know what will happen with job income in the interim, but if you are in a low bracket, consider it an opportunity.
July 2nd, 2017 at 08:01 amI can still think I catch glimpses of Teddy, and periodically I find myself calling Buffy (but never Bridget) Phoebe, and I still miss having a lapcat--Phoebe was the only one who volunteered (tho Buffy occasionally walks all over me when I am sleeping late and she is hungry).
Joe Says:
July 2nd, 2017 at 10:08 amRemeber you will pay 0% capital gains tax if your income stays below $37,650 - you might be able to move some of yout money from T. Rowe without any tax consequences.
July 2nd, 2017 at 10:50 amI believe Vanguard said something to me about doing this but I guess I don't get why I would want to do an in kind transfer if I'm still paying T Rowe expense fees and transactions fees for buying and selling from the brokerage account
What is the advantage of doing this? I confirmed with Vanguard at the time that i would still be paying T Rowe fees.
July 2nd, 2017 at 01:15 pmAfter all those months of not making anything on investments, $2000 is at least a welcome gain. We are waiting to see what ours will be for June.
July 2nd, 2017 at 05:13 pmYou'd only pay T Rowe Price fees on their funds. Generally the advantage of consolidating simplification is that it makes account management (asset allocation, rebalancing) easier. If you ever sold any TRP funds (gain harvesting) and then bought Vanguard funds to replace them, it would be cheaper at Vanguard.
July 2nd, 2017 at 06:23 pmOK, but Vanguard said that with an in kind transfer, I would still pay T. Rowe expense fees. So then they are still T. Rowe funds, not Vanguard, right?
If so, I don't really see the point of doing the transfer if it's not going to save me any money.
Frugal Texan Says:
July 2nd, 2017 at 08:32 pmI don't think so. When I transferred my IRAs from TROWE to Vanguard I had to pay transfer fees to TROWE. But all my money is now invested at Vanguard.
July 3rd, 2017 at 07:34 amIt depends what funds they are in and if you are happy with those funds. If they are T Rowe Price funds and you are happy with them and don't want the benefits of simplification that I mentioned above, no reason to move them.
But if you feel you would be happier in Vanguard funds, then if you moved them to Vanguard first, you would have fewer fees on the sale.
If this ends up being a 15% bracket year for you, that might be the time to do it to get 0% cap gains tax on the gain. Something to assess in November, not now.
July 3rd, 2017 at 07:51 amGood point..I think I will mark my calendar for November to reassess the move of taxable monies. Thanks, Dido.
July 3rd, 2017 at 08:14 amOK, so I have 3 remaining funds at TRP.
1. I have a small SEP-IRA of about $4,200 which I could transfer over anytime since it's qualified money.
2. I have $52,200 in a taxable balanced fund but upon checking my accounts I see it was created 1/7/16, which means it won't be long-term money. So I guess I'll have to just leave that be.
3. I have another $58,000 in a taxable Int'l Equity Index fund, and that was opened in 2008 and there was one time I made a $4,000 purchase on 1/14/16. So I guess toward year-end if I remain in lower tax bracket I could transfer this over but keep $4,000 in the account which represents the short-term investment.
Petunia 100
July 9th, 2017 at 09:31 amYou only need to hold one year and one day for a sale to be long-term. You're months past that. You can go ahead and sell if you like.
Also, if you moved 70k to a Vanguard fund, you should already have admiral shares. The threshold is only 10k for most index funds. There are a few sector funds still requiring 100k, but I'm guessing your probably didn't buy any of those. If you bought investor shares, you should be able to convert them on Vanguard's website.
When we were just about home from our trip, I briefly thought how it would be so nice to see Buster on arriving home, and then of course I remembered. It's been a month, and I still catch myself doing that. I am so sorry that you have lost your beloved Waldo.
July 19th, 2017 at 08:11 amMutual Funds may seem relatively safe but I still prefer investing in stocks. However, we have different levels of appetite for risks


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Please enter the email address you used when first creating your MyBayer account.
If you have lost or forgotten your find code or if the associated email address needs to be updated, please contact Bayer support by email or telephone. Our support team is available 8:30am – 4:30pm MST, Monday to Friday.
1-888-283-6847, Extension 2


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Native bird gift with notebook and bookmark. Tui or Kereru notepad with matching cards and a pen, a vintage style tin of chocolates and two herbal teas....Read more
Native bird gift with notebook and bookmark
Tui or Kereru design notebook and bookmark set with herbal tea and chocolate
A lovely gift for any occasion
Gift hamper includes:
- Tui OR Kereru stationery notepad and card set with pen.
- Stunning bookmark with Tui OR Kereru design by Artful Elements.
- A beautiful vintage style keepsake tin with bird decoration, containing an assortment of 6 chocolates. Flavours included are Strawberry, Cranberry & Pomegranate, Raspberry, Lime & Coconut, Feijoa and Tropical. - REPLACED BY Devonport Chocolates treat box with dark chocolate enrobed mint cream centres.
- Harney & Sons Vanilla Comoro tea - So toothsome, so delicious, Vanilla Comoro radiates a softly sweet aroma and has a rich malty, yet light bodied character. Vanilla notes swirl in each sip of this tasty decaffeinated black tea enhanced by creamy vanilla from the Comoros Islands. A calorie free sweet treat! 5 luxurious pyramid silken sachets.
- (Tui option) Harney & Sons Yellow & Blue tea - an artful blend of chamomile, lavender and cornflowers. Every breath is fragrant and fresh. The lavender infusion lends a floral, slightly sweet, and elegant aroma at once soothing and pairs beautifully with calming chamomile and sweet, spicy cornflowers. The yellow, lavender and blue petals are beautifully colourful. This tea sings of spring with scent and taste like freshly picked posies from a flower field. 3 luxurious pyramid silken sachets.
- (Kereru option) Harney & Sons Hot Cinnamon Sunset tea -It's spicy! It's sweet! As delicious as candy, this medium bodied black tea is naturally sweetened to perfection by a blend of cinnamons, orange and sweet cloves. This remarkably assertive tea effuses a hot spicy aroma and sets off fireworks on the tongue that'll have you exclaim wow! 5 luxurious pyramid silken sachets.
The gift is packaged in a reusable wooden box with lid and decorated with ribbon.
This native bird gift is a lovely gift for any occasion.


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Word on the Street: Fresno dog behaviorist Emily Scott reshapes pet emotions
There are only 10 people in California who are certified as a dog behavior consultant, and Fresno resident Emily Scott is one of them.
Scott has spent 25 years working with dogs, with most of that spent training service dogs for Guide Dogs for the Blind in San Rafael. Two years ago, she decided to strike out on her own, she said.
Scott underwent rigorous testing to receive her certification, culminating in a 55-page final exam through the International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants, she said. According to Scott's website, to even begin testing a candidate must have at least 500 hours of directly training dogs and endorsements from veterinarians. The test includes case studies on dog behavior and aggression as well as an in-depth understanding of canine learning theory, canine health, and canine behavior management and training.
Scott can work with puppies or adults, with groups of dogs or one-on-one, and train dogs in everything from basic tricks to acting as service dogs and therapy dogs. But she specializes in behavior, she said.
"I'm different from a dog trainer in that I don't just teach obedience behaviors like sit down, stay, come," she said. "I actually address the emotions of the dogs. So more like a dog psychologist."
By addressing the emotions behind a behavior, Scott said she can not only better correct that behavior but control or even get rid of factors that contribute to the behavior. Basic training tends to take about five sessions, but dogs that react too aggressively or fearfully, could need as many as 20 sessions. Scott said an initial consultation costs $150; additional fees depend on the severity of the dog's behavior and the client's location.
Scott works to change a dog's behavior through positive reinforcements via a clicker with food reward, rather than negative measures such as shocks collars and prong collars. By encouraging alternative behavior with the promise of a reward, the dog is more likely to repeat the desired action.
Scott has also worked with rescued dogs that lacked proper socialization in their youth to encourage more confidence and get them more comfortable around others. She has taken dogs that were frightened of everything and turned them into vivacious pets.
Scott said she has clients not just from around the Fresno area but also those who commute from the Bay Area or from Los Angeles. The Bay Area has several dog behavior consultants, but she is the only one listed in the central San Joaquin Valley. She has 35 active clients.
In addition to her private business, Scott partners with Elaine's Pet Resorts in Fresno and Madera County to train staff and assist with problems.
Scott said she is well-versed in dog-related laws, and has worked nationally to improve laws on dog attacks, dog bites and dogs running loose. She also has worked with cities such as San Francisco to change laws on dog attacks and produced two national videos on dog attacks.
Scott's website is www.emshappyk9s.com, with directions on how to contact her for dog behavior services.
Sarah Anderson: (559) 441-6248, @Sarahsonofander


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Progressives are getting more and more hateful in their attempts to take down President Donald J. Trump. They are really ticked off with the results of the 2016 presidential election.
They are trying to say that President Trump is an illegitimate president because their "anointed one" (Hillary Rodham Clinton) was legally defeated by President Trump according to the Electoral College vote 306-232, despite her winning the popular vote by 3 million votes. They try to say that's unfair and illegal. They better refer back to the U.S. Constitution.
They demonize everything Trump does. Since he became president he has greatly improved our economy, reduced unemployment to all-time lows for both Blacks and Hispanics, and pretty well defeated ISIS who his predecessor (Barack Obama, the esteemed greatest and smartest president the U.S. has ever had according to one of the Hutch News local opinion writers) as well as Kathleen Parker and Michael Gerson (Washington Post) and Leonard Pitts (Miami Herald) were unable to do.
The Progressives want to change our country from a capitalistic to a socialist country. It got a tremendous push from Barack Hussein Obama and has been picking up steam ever since with the complicit aid of "fake news" TV networks (CNN, MSNBC, ABC, CBS, and NBC) as well as liberal newspapers such as the New York Times and the Washington Post.
Finally, the Progressives want to change the U.S. into a socialist country whose economy would be similar to Cuba or Venezuela. George Soros would just love that! They care more about illegal immigrants and criminals (hiding them in "sanctuary cities") than killing innocent babies (abortions). This socialistic economy means more government control and greatly higher taxes for the average hard-working American.
Don Etchison


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KA Masonry is a family-owned business founded in 2005. The foundation of their company is based on their traditional values of providing excellence in service, workmanship, and value for their customers.
Their experience in home-building, slab, block and framing sets KA Masonry above their competition. They know the importance of maintaining a clean, safe job site and delivering a quality home on time through frame inspection.
KA Masonry provides consistency and quality in workmanship for builders in the Tampa Bay Area that reduces build times and downstream issues. The result is lower costs, higher customer satisfaction, and homes that are delivered on time.
As owners of KA Masonry, Kyle and Kevin Adkins are very proud of the quality they provide home builders. When they needed a Technology Services Provider to install and manage the IT infrastructure in their new office building, they looked for a company that held the same traditional values that they do. That's when they found Alltek Services.
KA Masonry had grown to the point where they needed to construct a new office building next to their current location. They contacted us, and we met to learn about their current and future technology needs. We explained how we could help to set up a complete IT infrastructure in their new building and support their ongoing technology needs once they moved in.
It wasn't long before they accepted our proposal. Today, we're looking forward to the completion of the building so we can get right to work:
If you run a business, chances are that you've thought about moving to an online productivity suite. The two most popular in recent years is Google's G Suite and Microsoft's Office 365. Touted as "innovative" and "the next big thing," Microsoft's productivity suite is a revolutionary concept when it comes to operating systems and computing.
O365 has great security features. How secure the Cloud is for you depends on what security measures you have in place. With Office 365, there are quite a few built-in security features to keep your data safe. These include:
Microsoft throws in some great extras. Office 365 comes with 1TB of storage space in Microsoft's OneDrive cloud storage service, free web hosting and the tools to use it, and a full 60 minutes of Skype each month for making landline calls.
Microsoft Office 365 is a very good example of not only what a cloud service can be, but what more businesses like KA Masonry are turning to for their cloud needs. Cloud computing is becoming a big part of more companies' tech strategy, and Office 365 is an excellent way to jump into the cloud. The technology experts at Alltek Services can walk you through your Microsoft Office 365 set up.
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- Original research
- Open Access
Generation and characterization of high affinity human monoclonal antibodies that neutralize staphylococcal enterotoxin B
© Drozdowski et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010
- Received: 5 November 2010
- Accepted: 21 December 2010
- Published: 21 December 2010
Staphylococcal enterotoxins are considered potential biowarfare agents that can be spread through ingestion or inhalation. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a widely studied superantigen that can directly stimulate T-cells to release a massive amount of proinflammatory cytokines by bridging the MHC II molecules on an antigen presenting cell (APC) and the Vβ chains of the T-cell receptor (TCR). This potentially can lead to toxic, debilitating and lethal effects. Currently, there are no preventative measures for SEB exposure, only supportive therapies.
To develop a potential therapeutic candidate to combat SEB exposure, we have generated three human B-cell hybridomas that produce human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) to SEB. These HuMAbs were screened for specificity, affinity and the ability to block SEB activity in vitro as well as its lethal effect in vivo.
The high-affinity HuMAbs, as determined by BiaCore analysis, were specific to SEB with minimal crossreactivity to related toxins by ELISA. In an immunoblotting experiment, our HuMAbs bound SEB mixed in a cell lysate and did not bind any of the lysate proteins. In an in vitro cell-based assay, these HuMAbs could inhibit SEB-induced secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines (INF-γ and TNF-α) by primary human lymphocytes with high potency. In an in vivo LPS-potentiated mouse model, our lead antibody, HuMAb-154, was capable of neutralizing up to 100 μg of SEB challenge equivalent to 500 times over the reported LD50 (0.2 μg) , protecting mice from death. Extended survival was also observed when HuMAb-154 was administered after SEB challenge.
We have generated high-affinity SEB-specific antibodies capable of neutralizing SEB in vitro as well as in vivo in a mouse model. Taken together, these results suggest that our antibodies hold the potential as passive immunotherapies for both prophylactic and therapeutic countermeasures of SEB exposure.
- Rabies
- Human Monoclonal Antibody
- Toxic Shock Syndrome
- Staphylococcal Enterotoxin
- Human MAbs
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium responsible for skin, soft-tissue, respiratory, bone, joint, and endovascular disorders, and has potentially lethal effects due to endocarditis, sepsis, and toxic shock syndrome [1]. Virulence for a number of the pathogenic manifestations of S. aureus is caused by a handful of toxins produced and secreted by the bacterium, which include among others the toxins responsible for toxic shock syndrome, TSST-1, and S. aureus enterotoxins (SEs), which cause food poisoning. About twenty enterotoxins have been described that exhibit and are defined by their emetic activity in primates [2–6]. Enterotoxins are also referred to as superantigens (SAgs) because they bypass antigen processing by forming a bridge between the MHC II molecules on an antigen presenting cell (APC) and the Vβ chain of the T-cell receptor (TCR) causing a massive release of cytokines, such as interferon-gamma (INF-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). SEB is one of the most studied enterotoxins notoriously associated with food poisoning through ingestion. Symptoms include a rapid onset of fever, intense nausea, vomiting, cramping abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Most cases are self-limited and resolve in 8-24 hours. If aerosolized, SEB could cause severe cases of pulmonary edema and respiratory failure [7, 8]. Since it has the potential to be weaponized and used as an incapacitating or lethal agent, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recognize SEB as a category B agent.
Currently, there are no commercial preventative measures or therapies for SEB exposure based on passive (antibodies) or active (vaccines) immunotherapy, despite the fact that multiple attempts to develop therapies have met with various degrees of success. SEB mutants generated by site-directed mutagenesis and lacking superantigenic effects are highly immunogenic in mice and rhesus monkeys, demonstrating their potential as a vaccine for prophylactic intervention [9]. Woody et al have studied the vaccine potential of mutant staphylococcal SEB proteins and showed that some were able to elicit a protective antibody response in LPS-potentiated mice [10]. Strategies aimed at disrupting SEs interaction with the immune system include low-molecular antagonist peptides, based on the SEs conserved regions, as well as soluble T-cell receptor that can sequester SEB [11–14]. The use of mouse monoclonal anti-SEB antibodies to study important epitope determinants essential for MHC/TCR binding has led others to explore the use of anti-SEB antibodies for blocking SEB from engaging the immune system [15]. Other notable studies have included a murine toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1)-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) which crossreacted to SEB by ELISA and partially inhibited SEB-induced T-cell mitogenesis as well as TNFα secretion in human PBMCs in a dose-dependent manner in vitro [16]. Also, LeClaire et al demonstrated the feasibility of using a passive immunity strategy utilizing SEB-specific MAbs raised in chicken to block SEB-mediated toxicity in Rhesus monkeys [17]. In this study, animals (4/4) that received molar ratios of antibody to toxin of 21:1 and 37:1 survived an aerosolized exposure of approximately 5 LD50 of SEB.
Pooled human sera with titers against SEs and TSST-1 were reported to suppress in vitro SEB-induced human T-cell proliferation while affinity purified anti-SEB antibodies from the pooled human sera prophylactically protected mice from a SEB lethal challenge [18]. More recently, chimeric mouse-human antibodies with high affinities for SEB were reported to inhibit SEB induced proliferation and cytokine production in both human PBMCs and mouse splenocytes in vitro [19]. In this report, we detail the generation and selection of fully human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) specific for SEB derived from human B-cell hybridomas. These antibodies showed biological activity towards SEB in vitro. In addition, HuMAb-154, which displayed the highest anti-SEB affinity, exhibited prophylactic as well as therapeutic activity in a mouse model of SEB-induced lethality.
Materials and methods
Generation of HuMAbs
Human B-cell hybridomas producing SEB-specific HuMAbs were generated using Human MORPHODOMA® technology as previously described [20]. Briefly, leukopacks were obtained from healthy individuals with anti-SEB serum antibody titers. B cells were isolated from the PBMC population using an EasySep human B cell enrichment kit (StemCell Technologies). B cells were cultured for 7 days in IMDM media (Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FBS (JRH BioSciences), 10 ng/ml human IL-2, 10 ng/ml human IL-10 (PeproTech), 2 mM L-glutamine, 0.1 mM nonessential amino acids, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 55 μM 2-mercaptoethanol (Invitrogen) in the presence of irradiated CHO feeder cells. Cultured B cells were then electrofused with CB-F7 heteromyeloma cells [21] (kind gift from Dr. Roland Grunow, Robert Koch-Institute) using the Cyto Pulse CEEF-50 apparatus (Cyto Pulse Sciences) to generate hybridomas. Individual hybridoma clones were screened by SEB-specific ELISA (Recombinant SEB, highly purified, from Toxin Technology, Inc.) for specific SEB-reactive antibodies. Clones highly reactive with SEB without crossreactivity to the other unrelated antigens were subcloned followed by ELISA screening to confirm retention of SEB specificity. Light and heavy chain genes of lead clones were sequenced and cloned for recombinant expression of corresponding antibodies in CHO cells.
HuMAb ELISA reactivity to related toxins
Related Staphylococcus enterotoxins (SEs), SEB, SEA, SED, SEC1, TSST-1 (Toxin Technology, Inc.), and tetanus toxoid (Cylex Inc.) were diluted to 0.5 μg/ml in coating buffer (50 mM carbonate-bicarbonate, pH 9.4) and coated in microtiter plates overnight at 4°C. Plates were blocked and ELISA-based screening was performed as for identification of HuMAbs.
SDS-PAGE and Western blotting
SEB at 500 ng and 20 μg of 293 cell lysates were diluted in SDS sample buffer then subjected to reducing and non-reducing SDS-PAGE on a 4 to 12% gradient gel in MES buffer (NOVEX, San Diego, CA). Electrophoresed proteins were transferred onto nitrocellulose sheets. After transfer, the sheets were blocked with TBS containing 5% milk and 0.1% Tween-20 (5% milk/TBS-T) for 1 hour at room temperature with gentle agitation. Blots were agitated for 1 hour with HuMAbs at 1 μg/ml diluted in 5% milk/TBS-T. The blots were then washed four times (for 5 min each time with agitation) with TBS containing 0.1% Tween-20 (TBS-T), followed by gentle agitation for 1 hour at room temperature with peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-human IgG+M (H+L) Ab (Jackson Immuno Laboratories) (diluted 1:10,000 in 5% milk/TBS-T). The blots were washed again four times and the immunoreactive proteins were visualized using SuperSignal West Femto Luminescent Substrate (Pierce).
Surface plasmon resonance
SEB was diluted in 10 mM sodium acetate pH 5.5, to a final concentration of 10 μg/ml and coupled to the surface of a research-grade CM5 chip (Biacore, Inc., Piscataway, NJ) by standard amine chemistry (NHS-EDC, Biacore, Inc.), to a level of 50-250 RU of SEB bound. The remaining active sites were quenched using 1 M ethanolamine. A reference flow cell consisting of an activated and quenched surface in the absence of antigen was created and used to normalize readings from injections of anti-SEB-containing samples. Purified HuMAbs were diluted into HBS-EP buffer (Biacore, Inc.) to final concentrations of 50 nM, 25 nM, 12.5 nM, 6.25 nM, 3.13 nM, 1.56 nM and 0.78 nM. The running buffer used was HBS-EP with a flow rate of 30 μl/min. Regeneration of the surface was performed by two injections of 10 mM HCl for 30 seconds at a flow rate of 100 μl/min. The on- (ka) and off-rate (kd) of HuMAbs were determined by observing the signal over time for triplicate injections at each concentration above. Blank injections of HBS-EP were also performed to assess noise, and to normalize injection data. All samples were randomly injected for two minutes using the KINJECT command and the dissociation phase of binding was observed for 10 minutes. The data were fitted to a bivalent analyte binding model, using BiaEvaluation 4.1 software (Biacore, Inc.), as no mass transfer effects were obvious in control experiments. A steady-state binding constant (KD1) was derived from the observed on- and off-rates (ka1 and kd1, respectively) for first-site binding of antibody to SEB.
In vitrotoxin neutralization
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used to determine the ability of HuMAbs to inhibit SEB-induced T-cell cytokine production and measure their in vitro EC50. PBMCs isolated from blood drawn from healthy volunteers were purified by Ficoll-Paque Plus (Amersham-Pharmacia). Approximately 1 × 10 5 cells in 100 μl of IMDM medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FBS (JRH Biosciences), 2 mM L-glutamine, 0.1 mM nonessential amino acids , 1 mM sodium pyruvate , 55 μM 2-mercaptoethanol (Invitrogen), 5 μg/ml gentamicin (Gibco), were cultured in 96-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates and incubated at 37°C in 5% CO2. Various 4x concentrations of HuMAbs or combination thereof at different ratios were incubated with SEB (4x its in vitro ED50, data not shown) for 1 h and the mixture subsequently added to the PBMCs (1x final concentration for both HuMAbs and SEB). After 18-22 hours, supernatants were transferred to IFN-γ- and TNF-α-coated ELISA plates (75 μl/well) and assayed using an ELISA kit (R&D System) following the manufacturer's recommended procedure. EC50 calculations of HuMAbs were performed using Prism4 (GraphPad Software). The sensitivity limit of the IFN-γ and TNF-α ELISA is 16 pg/ml.
In vivotoxin neutralization
In vivo studies were conducted by TransPharm Preclinical Solutions as well as at US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases. Female Balb/C mice ordered from Charles River weighing 14-16 g were acclimated to housing conditions and handled in accordance with AUP number TP-06-08. They were 7-8 weeks old on Day 1 of the experiment. The animals were fed irradiated Rodent Diet 5053 (LabDiet™) and water ad libitum. Mice were housed in static cages with Bed-O'Cobs™ bedding inside BioBubble® Clean Rooms that provide H.E.P.A filtered air into the bubble environment at 100 complete air changes per hour. All challenges were carried out in the BioBubble environment. The environment was controlled to a temperature range of 71° ± 4°F and a humidity range of 30-70%. All animals were observed for clinical signs at least once daily. All procedures carried out in this experiment were conducted in compliance with all the laws, regulations and guidelines of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and with the approval of the TPPS Animal Care and Use Committee.
Mice were challenged with various concentrations of SEB (Toxin Technology, FL) to assess the protective activity of HuMAb-154 in vivo. The presumptive LD50 of SEB in Balb/C mice was 0.2 μg/mouse [18]. SEB challenges of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μg SEB/mouse were premixed with 500 μg of HuMAb-154 then injected intraperitoneally. To spare additional animals from an unnecessary sacrifice, only mice treated with HuMAb-154 were challenged with SEB doses higher than 5 ug of SEB. SEB toxicity was potentiated by the administration of LPS (150 μg/mouse) three hours following the SEB challenge. Challenge controls were injected with SEB alone and LPS alone. Survival was determined after 3 days. Time course studies were conducted to assess the therapeutic activity of a 500 μg dose of HuMAb-154 administered at 0, 0.5 and 1 hr following a challenge of 5 μg and 10 μg of SEB. An LPS potentiating dose of 150 μg/mouse was delivered three hours following the SEB challenge. Survival was determined after 4 days.
Statistical methods
Data was analyzed in the Prism software package (GraphPad Software, Inc). An unpaired two-tailed t-test was used to analyze in vitro neutralization assays while in vivo survival curves were analyzed using the Log-rank (Mantel Cox) test.
Generation of human monoclonal antibodies targeting SEB
Specificity and binding potency of anti-SEB HuMAbs
Binding kinetics of HuMAbs as determined by surface plasmon resonance
HuMAbs neutralize SEB-induced cytokine production by human lymphocytes
HuMAb-154 lot comparison of inhibitory activity measured by EC50
aTNFα EC50
INFγ EC50
Lot #1
Lot #2
Lot #1
Lot #2
Lot #1
Lot #2
Crossreactivity of HuMAb-154 to other bacterial toxins
Prophylactic administration of HuMAb-154 confers survival of mice exposed to lethal doses of SEB
HuMAb-154 treatment following SEB challenge improves survival of mice
Antibody technology has been proven as an effective means of blocking SEB-induced pathologies [17, 18, 29, 30]. Furthermore, antibody therapeutics are a well understood segment of the current pharmaceutical industry with many monoclonal candidates already on the market or in the pipeline for several disease indications, and represent a better option over small peptide-based approaches for neutralizing SEB due to their longer half-lives in sera, higher affinities, and reduced immunogenicity. Sources of antibodies usually include (a) animal plasma or serum (antisera); (b) human serum from immunized or convalescent individuals; (c) mammalian cells producing rodent monoclonal antibodies (hybridomas), rodent-human chimeras or humanized antibodies; or (d) mammalian cells producing fully human MAbs.
Animal antisera have been used since the early part of the 20th century to treat toxins like tetanus and diphtheria. The advantages of this approach include its low cost and effectiveness. Disadvantages include potential toxicity upon first and especially on second injection due to the foreign nature of the animal product, which may cause an immune response in humans (serum sickness). Hyperimmune human sera are widely used (e.g. varicella, hepatitis B, CMV and rabies) and are safe and effective. The challenges with such a strategy applied to the SEB case include i) the identification of a large number of human subjects with SEB-specific antibodies, ii) pathogen testing, pooling, storing and processing of the sera to make a safe drug product, and iii) the batch-to-batch variation in the product.
Rodent and rodent-human chimera MAbs can be produced in large scale, but since they retain a significant rodent (foreign) portion, they can have the same immunogenicity as animal antisera. Humanized MAbs retain 5-10% of rodent material. Thus, the immunogenicity of these molecules is reduced but some risks may remain. Because human MAbs do not contain any foreign sequences, they represent the first choice for safe drugs that can be reproducibly manufactured in large scale and indefinitely.
To this goal, we have successfully generated human MAbs that are capable of neutralizing high doses of SEB both in vitro and in vivo. Our lead antibody HuMAb-154 was selected for further characterization because of its high affinity and in vitro high potency and was tested in mouse models of SEB-induced lethality. HuMAb-154 could protect mice prophylactically from a challenge up to 100 μg of SEB injected intraperitoneally, as well as therapeutically, conferring significant protection when administered 30 minutes after SEB challenge. Even though it lost most of its protective effect when administered one hour after SEB challenge, HuMAb-154 significantly delayed the time to death in some animals. It is known that the onset of the SEB-induced toxicity is very rapid and death occurs within 24 hours in most LPS-potentiated mice as reported in other studies [9]. In an LPS-independent mouse model of airway exposure (a route thought to be relevant for mass delivery of SEB in the human population), transgenic mice bearing the human leukocyte antigen-DQ8 died as late as 6 days after 15 μg of aerosol SEB challenge [31]. This evidence further emphasizes the aggressive nature of the SEB toxicity observed in our Balb/C mouse model and indicates that the window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention in this model is very short.
The features of the toxicity induced by aerosolized SEB are not well understood due to the rarity of natural exposures in human. However, it is conceivable that non-human primate models better mimic the progression of the toxicity predicted in humans and may offer a wider window for therapeutic intervention. We will therefore explore these models to further test HuMAb-154 efficacy in vivo for both prophylactic and therapeutic countermeasures of SEB exposure.
There are still no readily available therapeutics to counteract the effects of SEB intoxication, whether the exposure is a result of food poisoning or exposure to a weaponized (aerosol) form of SEB. To this end, we have generated fully human, high-affinity SEB-specific antibodies with potent biological activity towards SEB. This report details the characterization of these antibodies thus providing detailed information for continued study to move these antibodies forward as potential therapeutics.
This work was supported by NIH-NIAID Grant # 5U01AI075399. We would also like to thank J. Donald Capra and Andy Duty for their critical comments.
Authors' Affiliations
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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The Artwork Of Constructing Software
Teachers have at all times used video games of some kind to encourage learning and enhance retention of subject matter for college kids. Online assist desk software program offers companies a system for partaking with prospects not only via the phone, but also by e mail, chat, social media, the website and neighborhood forums. Successive items chosen for purchase are placed into the digital procuring cart till a buyer completes their purchasing trip.
Likewise lots of the websites additionally provide a software program model that lets you play against a computer. It only takes a few seconds for Deefunia to generate your free photo results online. But some folks want studying by way of on-line because of their job for which on-line training is greatest.
PicMonkey is one other great on-line photograph editor with a very cool characteristic: collage. As an internet pupil, you can study in your individual time, at your personal pace; and your research course will embody all the pieces you will want to be taught and know, simply as if you were on a university campus.
A grasp's degree in software program engineering is often sufficient for many employers, but certification can lead to higher earnings and more alternatives. For now, the one approach to do what you need is to make use of a sure software program that may simply be discovered online.
Earning cash by way of the Amazon Associate Program would require time and patience, so if you wish to earn money utilizing this online avenue, you will have to dedicate yourself to studying and pace your self for the long haul. Choosing the proper online faculty or faculty to check will decide how good and skilled you may turn out to be as profession inside designer.


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Circle Short Drop Earrings | Half Foil
$15.00 On sale
If you are looking for a super cool earring that will stand out from the crowd but you can wear everyday, these are a great choice! They are a shorter style with a classic double circle design.
MATERIAL | Polymer clay, Silver & Gold Plated Nickel Free Ear Wires
SIZE | Drop length 4cm, Clay circle 1.5cm, Metal circle 1cm
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I have introduced a modern twist with a flash of foil covering half of the circle. These earrings are super light weight & won't drag your ears down.
MAKING PROCESS | I used polymer clay to make the circles, each colour clay is conditioned. Then a special durable foil is added to half of the piece then hand cut into a circle. The clay is cured. I hand drill the pieces and add on the findings to make the finished piece.
UNIQUE | Due to all my products being hand made there are variations in patterns and colours. On request I will photograph the actual piece before I send out to you.
CARE | It is advised not to wear the Jewellery in water. If you need to clean the polymer clay this is easily done with a damp cloth or a make-up wipe


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Metal halide tennis court fixture with a forward throw distribution. Uses 1000 Watt lamp and runs on 120-277V. Comes with curved mounting arm.
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At least three passengers who were aboard Southwest Airlines Flight 1380 received a $5,000 check in a letter from the airline, CNN reported Friday.
One passenger, 43-year-old Jennifer Riordan of Albuquerque, New Mexico, died after debris from the plane's engine blew out a window. The plane was forced to make an emergency landing in Philadelphia on Tuesday, where Riordan died at a hospital.
>> Blown engine shows evidence of 'metal fatigue'
In a letter to passengers, Southwest expressed "sincere apologies" for the incident and included the check, Kamau Siwatu, who was aboard the flight, told CNN.
"We value you as our customer and hope you will allow us another opportunity to restore your confidence in Southwest as the airline you can count on for your travel needs," Siwatu's letter said. "In this spirit, we are sending you a check in the amount of $5,000 to cover any of your immediate financial needs."
>> Who was Jennifer Riordan, the passenger killed?
The letter also promised passengers a $1,000 travel voucher, CNN reported.


text: One of my ever smart and sophisticated readers made a comment about the fun of playing with the different perceptions of young creatives and older ones like myself. I thought it would be interesting to show the same garment and see what I made of it and what the fabulous duo of Carmen Daneshmandi and Alnardo Perez did (see how you inspire me?). I think both photos really "get" the real me but in such very different ways. Have you figured out I am a Gemini yet?


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Mandeville, LA
23 Feb 2016
|Tue, 23 Feb: Running ahead of the storm...
The weather forecasts are not too kind. A large storm is heading across the gulf area, from Texas to Florida. We're not going to escape it, so our only option is where we'd like to be when it hits. Given our schedule we opted for the north lake area of Louisiana. Turned out not to be the best choice, but then again, hinesight is always 20/20.
Hoping to outrun the storm we left the RV park at 0820. We retraced our route to US 90 toward Lafayette and I 10. Ten miles up the road we stopped to fill Carpe's tank. She only took 30 gallons, but at $1.659/gallon it was too good to pass up.
Back on the road we continued north to and thru Lafayette. US 90 goes right thru some neighborhoods, which the residents must really love. Dodging and weaving we finally reached I 10 and hopped aboard eastbound.
This section of I 10 is very interesting as it crosses the 18-mile long Atchafalaya Basin Bridge. This is a twin causeway bridge that is the third longest in the U.S. It is narrow with a very narrow shoulder. We'd sure hate to break down on it. It has been repaired since our last transit in late 2013 and the ride is much smoother.
We crossed the Mississippi at Baton Rouge and took I 12 east of town. I 10 goes thru New Orleans, which we did not care to do. At Mandeville we exited on LA 59, which we took south to US 190 and the Fontainebleau State Park. As soon as we exited the interstate the skies opened and the rains came. We registered, disconnected the car, and backed Carpe into her spot in a torrential downpour. Glad we don't have to do that every day.
Once we got Carpe plugged in we hopped in the car and drove back to Mandeville for lunch at The Acme Oyster House. This is one of our favorite places and today's lunch did not disappoint us.
Back to the coach we settled in for what turned out to be a long and worrysome afternoon and evening. The aforementioned storm caught up with us and we spent six hours under a tornado watch with three tornado warnings. Fortunately we were parked right next to the storm shelter and we had our "bug-out" gear ready to go. The worst we had was heavy rain that completely surrounded the coach with ankle-deep water.
By bedtime the storms had moved to the east so we were able to sleep with little worry from the weather.
Today's run was 153 miles with an overall fuel economy of 8¼ mpg.


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A list of side hustles and interesting jobs that you can use to earn extra money fast to pay down debt or start investing in your future.
Side Hustle Ideas: 50+ Ways To Make Money Fast
This article contains references to products from one or more of our advertisers. We may receive compensation when you click on links to those products. For an explanation of our Advertising Policy, visit this page.


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Tascomi are a small local team digitally transforming Local Government with our innovative Software Solutions. Based in Hillsborough, County Down, we have over ten years experience creating industry-leading, web-based software which enables Local Authorities to break free of archaic, paper-based workflows and embrace Mobile Working and Shared Services.
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Our Training offers classes for Individual community members to register or our staff will work with agency administrators to bring your staff to the CPD facilities in Newington or tailor a training program that CPD Instructors can bring on site to your agency for instruction. Call or e-mail the Center for Professional Development for more details, or to schedule a visit.
The following classes are offered on a regularly scheduled basis:
(The CPR/FA/AED curriculum can be modified to meet Individual company needs—some Agencies and Individuals require the full curriculum and other require just one section. Contact the Center for Professional Development for more information).


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Soccer News of Fri, 20 Jun 20149
'Stars need a compact midfield'
Ahead of Ghana's crucial encounter against Germany at the Estadio des Dunas tomorrow, Coach James Cobblah is calling for a compact midfield as the only viable option for Coach Kwasi Appiah.
The Wa All Stars coach said in an interview with the Graphic Sports yesterday that the current state of the Black Stars defence enjoined the technical team to maintain a stronger midfield to frustrate the strong running Germans.
"Our defence in this World Cup is not the best and this is no fault of Kwasi Appiah, because he assembled the best that we have," he contended.
"In such situations you need to put all your trust in the midfield and this is what I expect Kwasi Appiah to do, he explained.
In this regard Coach Cobblah said there was the need to start Kevin-Prince Boateng to add some bite to the Stars attack.
"With some luck on our side, we shall surmount the German challenge and move on to beat Portugal in our next game".
Meanwhile, Coach J.E Sarpong of Cape Coast Ebusua Dwarfs has said that tactical superiority of USA over the Black Stars greatly influenced the outcome of the Stars first group match last Monday.
He was also not happy that some key players were played out of their usual position which made it very uncomfortable for some of the players to put in their maximum effort.
Coach Sarpong, who made these observations during a telephone interview with the Graphic Sports, said although the match between Ghana and the USA was a tight one, the Stars performance as not too good.
Today's News


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Best in Class: Chris Chadwick and the GWCC
Chris Chadwick, Sr. Event Coordinator at the GWCC, deserves a standing ovation for his hard work and Best in Class customer service!
Check out a note from a happy client below:
Just wanted to send you a note of thanks! The Four Pillar Tribute to Steve Selig last night was a big success and that was due partly to your hard work and assistance in the event. I was relieved when I heard that we'd be able to work together this year because of your professionalism and ability to anticipate our needs. We are so happy to be back at GWCC and even though each year brings a new set of "unknowns" we always know we'll receive the "red carpet" treatment at GWCC.
Thanks again for all your hard work and have a nice weekend!
Kind regards,
Edie Hope, CMP
Executive Consultant
Planning With Purpose, LLC


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Two things you must do to find the best mortgage rate in Bowser:
1 - Educate yourself about mortgages.
2 - Shop around for the most competitive rate in Bowser.
To educate yourself about mortgage options in Bowser compare mortgage products Online. Obtain information from several lenders in Bowser.
Shopping for best mortgage interest rate in Bowser is easier once you have educated yourself about your needs and mortgage products that can work for you. The usual place to start is with your current bank in Bowser. Be sure to get any interest rate offers in writing. Keep in mind that when dealing with a bank in Bowser, you only deal with one lender in Bowser.
The services of a Bowser mortgage broker will help you find the best mortgage rate. A knowledgeable Bowser mortgage broker will usually get you a better mortgage rate in Bowser than you could on your own. Remember that a mortgage broker is not limited to dealing with one or two lenders. Bowser mortgage brokers can deal directly with almost all the lenders in the lending industry to find you the best available mortgage in Bowser.
Mortgage Brokers in Bowser usually don't charge any fee for residential mortgages. Make sure you not only get the good interest rate but also get your mortgage on great terms. Get a rate hold (lock your rate) for 90 days if you are shopping for a home. Ask about pre-payment penalities. Learn about variable rate and fixed rate mortgage options. Try to save appraisal fees.
Besides the Banks in Bowser (Royal Bank, Td Bank, Bank of Montreal, CIBC, Scotiabank or Bank of Nova Scotia) there are several other lenders in Bowser like ING Direct, PC Financial, MCAP, Maple Trust, Citizens Bank, HSBC, etc. Your Bowser mortgage broker may deal with many many more lenders.
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Bowser Best Mortgage Interest Rate Tips
The Mortgage Man at 19:37
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Nebbiolo 100%
Austere yet full bodied, higly alcoholic but rich in perfumes and esters deriving from ageing. The wood barrels have released a light colour and an ample bouquet into this full race, harmonic grappa.
Tebavio was the name given to the leader or king of the native population of Piedmont in the 2nd century BC.


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This page is organized as follows:
Rev. Randa J. D'Aoust, Chair
Archives & History Commission
Rev. Dr. DarEll T. Weist, President
Historical Society of the California-Pacific Conference & Western Jurisdiction
Linda Larsen, Archivist
(909) 447-6375
Instructions: The files below are best reviewed by downloading to your local computer for searching and printing. Some files may load more slowly than others due to file size and resolution. Newer files may be OCR-enabled (Optical Character Recognition) and can be searched for specific text strings. Older files may not be searchable, depending on the quality of the original text.
The Conference maintains the following information, which can be found in the Annual Journals:
The Commission on Archives & History is charged with a number of Discipline-mandated duties. Among these are
The Commission has established a Historical Society for the California-Pacific Conference, per the guidelines in the Book of Discipline 2016 (par 641). The mission of the Historical Society is to promote interest in the study and preservation of the history of the conference and its antecedents.


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UK wine writer Andrew Jefford recently made the observation that "In wine aesthetics, nothing is more dangerous than wine tasting unsupported by corroborative drinking." I thought of this while consuming what turned out to be a superlative bottle of Mulderbosch Barrel Femented Chardonnay 2005 with fried hake, chips and peas for Sunday lunch.
Regardless of vintage, Mulderbosch Barrel Fermented Chardonnay has never failed to be arresting. While winemaker Mike Dobrovic was at the Stellenbosch cellar (he left at the end of last year for Havana Hills in Philadelphia), it was his particular take on what a top-end Chardonnay should look like, and he used to give it just about the full treatment: natural fermentation, lots of new oak although no malo. A trademark of the wine was that it has a high residual sugar as the natural yeasts never managed to ferment completely dry – the 2005, for instance, has a RS of 8.1 g/l (according to the Mulderbosch website), putting it well into off-dry territory.
Over the course of its history, the wine has been highly acclaimed but its stylistics are increasingly not in keeping with the mood of the times that sees both critics and consumers demanding that Chardonnay be of greater elegance and finesse. At this year's Old Mutual Trophy Wine Show, the 2007 vintage got a score of 88/100 and a silver medal, and what else can this be other than a message that the wine is good but no longer great?
In a blind line-up, Mulderbosch Barrel Fermented is going to be eye-catching and it's easy to fixate on one or other obvious aspect of the wine, be it sweetnes or oak-derived character, and treat it as a shortcoming. However, it's the kind of wine that when drinking it with lunch, you realise how consummately well made it is, the different components playing off against each other to good advantage. What was especially remarkable was how youthful the wine appeared, the sugar no doubt playing some preservative role and hence good reason to tolerate it.


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House Republicans Straight Up Lying to Protect Trump
By this point, it shouldn�t shock us just how low the Republican Party is willing to stoop to protect an alleged but apparent criminal like President Donald Trump, but this week conservative lawmakers did something that got me to exclaim, �Are you kidding me?� The House Intelligence Committee ended its investigation into Trump and declared that there was �no evidence of collusion, coordination, or conspiracy between the Trump campaign and the Russians.�
Despite objections from the Democratic members of the Intelligence Committee, House Republicans are effectively declaring �show�s over, there�s nothing to see here� even as Special Counselor Robert Mueller�s investigation plows ahead.
Not only are congressional conservatives indicating that Trump was not involved in any collusion, they went so far as to say that although Russians may have tried to meddle in the election, they certainly weren�t doing it to help Trump win.
Just last month, we heard Rep. Devin Nunes, the controversial head of the House Intelligence Committee, insist that it was actually Hillary Clinton who�colluded with Russia and�who the Kremlin was trying to aid. This claim flies in the face of the information collected by every U.S. intelligence agency, though.
The fact that the House Intelligence Committee has access to a lot of this information and still decided to reach the opposite conclusion is a combination of bizarre and worrisome. According to the Democrats like Rep. Adam Schiff, his conservative peers are only able to pretend to reach that conclusion after intentionally ignoring all sorts of information that would suggest otherwise.
Schiff vows that he and the liberals will release a minority report to give a better sense of what the intelligence committee has actually learned. In addition to sharing some damning details that the public is not yet aware of, Schiff says the minority report will list all of the interviews that weren�t conducted, leads that weren�t followed and intelligence reports that weren�t looked at so that the House Intelligence Committee could deliberately avoid having to find Trump guilty.
It�s clear that there�s a Republican attempt to counter the dominant narrative about the Trump campaign, and they want to offer partisan citizens something to grab on to so they may continue to pretend nothing is wrong. Trump himself sure has, immediately sending an all-caps tweet saying that he�s been vindicated when news of the report broke.
�By ending its oversight role in the only authorized investigation in the House, the Majority has placed the interests of protecting the President over protecting the country, and history will judge its actions harshly,� said Schiff.
The Republican�s 150-page report still hasn�t gone public yet, but the House Intelligence Committee is expected to release it soon. The report will argue that the collusion investigation began because of misleading research prepared by the Clinton campaign.
Meanwhile, the Senate Intelligence Committee is continuing its investigation. Chairman Richard Burr, a Republican, showed some partisan leaning when he said he has yet to see�evidence to suggest collusion yet, but he added that�it was premature to say anything conclusively.
Photo Credit: Gage Skidmore


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By this ministry we proclaim Christ's
soon return, warning and teaching every
man in all divine wisdom on the imminent end of the world, preparing the saints
into maturity that they may be ready for the rapture, for the new kingdom of
God to come.
When God had desired and created the heavens and the earth and commanded man to subdue and dominate it, He had intended it to be so eternally.
God therefore can never back out from that which he had desired and established, just because a creature (Satan) interfered to disrupt.
The Father certainly regretted why he ever created man(Genesis 6:5-7),but couldn't back out. If He did, Satan would have received glory for forcing Him to fail in His purpose. Therefore, He is creating a new world, as was before the fall.
He decided through Christ to restore
the "good and perfect" that He confessed after His work of creation, and give
back to man the authority to subdue and dominate it to the shame of the devil.
In Christ today, we begin the domination which will continue in the new coming world, as God had
intended from the beginning.
In the book: "IMMINENT END OF THE WORLD". there
are clear illustrations that God never made man to live eternally in heaven.
The departure of believers from their terrestrial tent(body) now to
heaven(under the alter Revelation 6:9-11), is just temporary.
This is because from the beginning, God had never intended man to live eternally in heaven. It was only after the fall that God saw His under alter(Revelation 6:9) as a temporary place to keep the souls of His chosen ones, while He finished cleaning up the present contaminated world.
When He must have finished putting off and bringing into existence a new world , believers in Jesus Christ who are now temporally living under the alter like angels with no marriage and those that will be raptured, will then after a thousand years be brought back to live in it and continue to subdue and dominate it as God had desired and established from the beginning . It will be now for eternity as it is described in Isaiah 65:17-25.
It shall be now a glorious kingdom as it is written:
"He ( God) will dwell with them, and they shall be his people, and God himself will be with them; he will wipe away every tears from their eyes, and death shall be no more, neither shall there be mourning nor crying nor pain any more, for the former things have passed away."
If the new heaven and earth to come will just be a restoration of what God had desired and established from the beginning before the fall of man, then all His norms of life( Times and Laws) that were, will be. Reasons why now with our lives in Jesus Christ, we are already "subduing and dominating the earth in our God- given authority as it was from the beginning before the fall of man.
So when God warns us that Satan will change His Times and Laws and we His saints will obey him(Daniel 7:25). He just wanted to let us know that His norms of life that He had desired and established from the beginning, will remain for ever. For instance Some where in the Bible He says:
"For as the new heavens and the new earth which I will make shall remain before me, says the LORD; so shall your descendants and your name remain. From new moon to new moon, and from Sabbath to Sabbath, all flesh shall come to worship before me,.." Isaiah 66:22-23
If it is very clear in this
text that the sanctification of the
seventh day which God desired and established by blessing and sanctifying
it(Genesis 2:3), and commanding man to remember and sanctify(Exodus 20:8), is
to continue in the new world, then all the others too, will be.
So when God says: "HE shall speak words against the Most High, and shall wear out the saints of the Most High, and shall think to change the times and the law and they(saints) shall be given into his hands.." Daniel 7:25,
He meant Satan was going to distort His established living norms for man. But because He is God, and so what He desired and established must remain for ever and cannot be distorted by Satan. He will take away satan's dominion over His saints, destroy it to the end, restore His right times and laws and give the new kingdom of righteousness to His saints:
"But the courts shall sit in judgment, and his(Satan) dominion shall be taken away, to be consumed and destroyed to the end. And the kingdom and the dominion shall be given to the people of the saints of the Most High; their kingdom shall be an everlasting kingdom" verse 26-28.
So the fundamental question to ask here is:
Which are those Times and Laws of God that Satan has changed, and which you are obeying?
you not like to begin living the right Times and Laws of God that He desired
and established before the fall, now that you have been restored in Christ ?
This is to make you ready for the New coming kingdom of God
following the rapture that is soon to take place at any moment from now.
Or you
do not want to get into perfection body-soul-spirit, without spot or wrinkle, holy
without blemish(Thessalonians 4:23, Ephesians 5:26-28) in order to escape from
the coming wrath of God now, before it becomes too late for you to do anything
about it!
It is very fundamental to understand as this man of God say:
" Before there can be a vision of the possibilities of the hour there must be a vision of the need of the hoour. With many there is an unwillingness to face facts; the state of thy Church in general is so much the state of their hearts that they are unmoved by the need of either. They are those that are "blind seeing only what is near", to whom the Lord would say,
" Thou say I am rich, and have gotten riches, and have need of nothing; and knowest not that thou art the wretched one and miserable and poor and blind and naked"( Revelations3:7).
The need of the hour is for men of the stamp of Nehemiah to blow the trumpet in Zion and sound an alarm in God's holy mountain, to open our eyes that we may"see the evil case that we are in, how Jerusalem lieth waste, and the gates therefore are burned with fire", and to bring the charllenge, " Let us build up the wall of Jerusalem, that we be no reproach" Arthur Wallis.
Yes, Jesus Christ is coming soon! Are you ready? Where will you spend eternity ? Can you arise now and move into the perfection of God:body, soul and spirit without which no one will see God?
All these questions are reasons
God gave you this ministry.


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Visit The Dirt Forum for More Information
Topic: metric / big GM
Dirt Forum Racer
Total posts: 81
posted November 05, 2002 10:30 PM
I am looking into changing my spindles from later impala with narrowed rotors to Harris's metric caliper option with narrowed and cut rotor. Anyone make the change and what do you think? Did you loose noticable braking? Yes weight reduction but is it worth it?
Back to the Archives


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In 1974, he joined the planning and development project team that built the Warri Refinery, becoming the Commissioning Coordinator in 1980 when the refinery was completed. He served as the Refinery Manager 1985-86. He similarly served the industry as General Manager, Kaduna Refinery, in 1986. He ended his public service career as Group General Manager (Corporate Planning and Development) at the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (1988-90).
Engr. Soyode founded his own company, B.A.Soyode & Co., an
engineering and project management consultancy firm; and in 1994, he converted
this into Atlas Poligenics Limited where he served as Director while he took
over the Frezone Plant Fabrication International (manufacture of pressure
vessels and modular plants) as Managing Director.
He is a Fellow of Nigerian Society of Chemical Engineers, Fellow Nigerian Society of Engineers, the Nigerian Academy of Engineering, Member of American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Member Africa Scholars Committee of Nelson Mandela Institutes and Past President, Nigerian Society of Chemical Engineers
- Oil/Refinery Planning, Design and Management
If you have any feedback to give on a Fellows Profile or any updates, please feel free to send us a message on your update


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On the look out for more...
Our more...
Garden Mirror Lattice Window 0.6x1.2m
This garden mirror lattice window will add an interesting feature to your garden. Ideal for use on a garden wall or fence.
The softwoods are FSC certified which means they are supporting the growth of forest management worldwide.
Dimensions:Width: 0.60m (1'10)
Height: 1.2m (3'9)
* This manufacturer may charge extra for delivery to offshore islands. Please enquire before ordering if you think this might apply to you. Your delivery maybe delayed if not checked at point of order.


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I was so excited all day. I told all my friends at work and they couldn't believe how lucky I was. I hurried home, parked crooked and almost forgot to close the car door.
So I skip through the front door all excited (yes I skipped), (anal, uh huh! uh huh!) and there she is. Standing in the middle of the living room, holding some k-y, naked as a jay bird, smiling from ear to ear, and ... she's wearing this huge fucking strap on. "Are ya ready for it?" she giggles.
Then she said "Do ya know the difference between jelly and jam?
Maybe I can't jelly this up your ass, but I sure can jam it"
One of us is sleeping on the couch tonight. I don't care who but one of us definitely is!


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Photo via Goodreads.
This mystery is sexy, hilarious and a wonderful read! It's often hard to find a light-hearted comedy with a splash of sexiness and mystery, but this find is a keeper! When I picked up the book, I found it a little slow to start, but once I was a few chapters in and I learned about our conflicting characters I was instantly hooked!
The reader follows Kathy King as she investigates the neighbors of her parents (with the help of a homeless man who loves movies named George) and learns that some characters might not be all they appear to be. Despite this novel being a sequel, it was very easy to follow (and made me want to read the first book now! I must get my hands on it somehow! I am determined to! If this novel was great, the first novel must be excellent for it to deserve a sequel!).
This novel did a great job keeping the story moving along and not getting to slow or boring. I expected at some points for the plot to slow, but it kept moving at a steady pace, which was a massive plus for this novel! I also found that George C King was great at describing images and the past events within in the story (which was very helpful as a reader).
If anything, there could have been move conflict within the story between the opposing parties (without spoiling anything). I would have liked more conflict before the climax or the end of the novel. Not having more conflict didn't ruin the novel, but it would have made it a lot more exciting.
Overall, I enjoyed the book! I'd love to read the first novel and the next ones! Anyone who enjoys a good mystery that isn't gory or horror related should pick up this book! It's an excellent read in my eyes!
Five out of five stars!
I received this book for free through Goodreads First Reads.
P.S. I also loved that it was signed (and my name was actually spelled right) and had a little note! That makes this novel so much better!


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Anything Goes
Remember you can enter up to four times just make sure that the main image is a Teddy Bear .....the cuter the better!!!
For my card I used a Teddy Bo and Bea image coloured with Promarkers and Copics.
Embossed Trees - Craftwork Cards
Sentiment - Personal Impressions
Thanks for stopping by, I will be back later with Forever Friends and Co DT Card.


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Video: Hiroshima Survivor Tells of Horrors of Atomic Bomb
Koko Tanimoto Kondo, who was just 8 months old when the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, has been touring her hometown to tell students about the devastation that haunted her for decades.
She shares the humiliation she felt as a teenager, standing naked on a stage while doctors and scientists scrutinized her for signs of radiation's long-term effects on the body. Ms. Kondo also takes visitors to where her father's church stood before it collapsed, burying her under the rubble.


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Zen Cart Export
Zen Cart is undoubtedly a mighty base for web store running, as it allows to handle large amount of data. It impresses with reliability, wide array of solid features and ease of use.
Zen Cart export to file belongs to efficient Zen Cart store content management means. At times you might need to send resellers or affiliates the list of Zen Cart products or just plan to update some product or Zen Cart categories characteristics using import/export functionality. As regards this, data export should be maximally convenient, run flawlessly and bring no difficulties for Zen Cart users. To lighten this process and make it more accurate you should fall back upon Store Manager for Zen Cart application.
Store Manager for Zen Cart intuitive software is equipped with data import/export wizard tool, using which you can accomplish Zen Cart export to csv of:
- Zen Cart products
- Zen Cart categories
- Zen Cart customers
- Zen Cart orders
Data export, carried out with Store Manager export wizard is an approachable procedure. It runs in several steps, each being accompanied with hints and helpful prompts. All you should do is to heedfully follow every step and be guided by valuable pieces of advice. If required, you can undertake selective Zen Cart export to comma-separated file. What does it mean? Sometimes you need to derive only some fields when exporting Zen Cart categories or Zen Cart products, for example, product price, quantity and description. You are not obliged to export all products associated records - select fields required on certain step of product export.
What exactly steps should you go through to export data to file via export wizard tool?
- Start up export wizard (choose the one, depending on what data you are going to export - products, Zen Cart categories, customers, orders)
- Specify name of the file, data will be exported to
- Select appropriate delimiter and quote character to separate file data
- Specify what exactly fields will undergo Zen Cart export
- Execute export to the file, pressing "Export" button
You can operate with Zen Cart export configuration - use saved previously settings or save export settings on certain step of the export process.
On the last step of data export you can view the file to make sure that required data are enlisted.
With Store Manager for Zen Cart you can easily manage Zen Cart export to csv and derive information needed. Find step-by-step instruction on products export - http://www.zencart-manager.com/useful-articles/product-management/export-products-wizard


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This DIY mason bee house is my attempt at attracting more pollinators to my yard and providing them a save place to feed and reproduce. I had never heard the term 'mason bee' before, but once I checked them out on Wikipedia I knew what they were. They are named from their habit of making compartments of mud in their nests, which are made in hollow reeds or holes in wood made by an assortment of bugs. Basically, instead of hives, like traditional honey bees, mason bees lay their eggs in hollow twigs. This diy mason bee house was incredibly simple to make with one upcycled tin can and a ton of bamboo we had tossed into the weed pile. If you are concerned about bringing bees to your yard, check out my post on how to avoid bee stings to protect yourself.
Posts feature partner companies & may be sponsored. Post contains affiliate links & I will be compensated if you make a purchase after clicking on links.
Tips for Making a Mason Bee House
If you don't have bamboo or any hollow reeds (some dried flower stalks work!), you can use rolled up paper. Just sit your kids down with a pile of scrap paper and roll it up to form 'straw like' structures. Tuck those inside the can. Once your diy mason bee house is done, hang it in your garden or wherever you want your pollinators to hang out. I poked a hole in this bee house with a nail so I could string some twine through it and hang it on the fence post. You don't even have to paint the can like I did but I thought it looked pretty and maybe the bright color would attract more mason bees.
Please remember that pollinators are very sensitive to chemical pesticides. Protect their health by using only natural garden products. Check out my post on cheap and organic gardening solutions for more info.
What is a Mason Bee?
Mason bees are a type of native bee that's common throughout most of the U.S. They are usually a little smaller than a honeybee, and typically metallic blue or blue-black in color. All Mason Bees are solitary, so each female is a queen who also does all of the chores. In North America, there are about 140 different mason bee species — with about 200 species worldwide! They are great little pollinators and like a very particular type of cavity for nesting.
DIY Mason Bee House Directions
1 empty tin can, label removed and washed.
spray paint in your desired color (optional)
rolls of scrap paper, hollow bamboo stalks, or hollow reeds to put inside
Nail and hammer to make a hole in the can
Twine to hang your diy mason bee house
Make your rolls of paper or cut your stalks of bamboo/hollow reeds to whatever length is needed to fit the can
Using a thick nail and hammer, make a hole in the bottom of the can to thread the twine through
Paint the tin can if desired
Thread the twine through the hole and knot the end
Add the hollow structures inside the can, packing as tightly as possible
Hang your mason bee house wherever you want your bees to hang out.
Want to attract even more pollinators to your garden?
Make this honeybee watering station!
Diane has a Bachelor's degree in Microbiology with a Minor in Health Management and Policy. She spent many years working in cancer research, academics, and biotechnology. Concern over the growing incidence of human disease and the birth of her children led her to begin living a more natural life. She quickly realized that the information she was learning along the way could be beneficial to many others and started blogging as a way to share this knowledge with others. While passionate about health and the environment she can't quite give up her favorite Cheetos and Diet Coke!


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India vs Bangladesh: Dhoni makes statement with determined knock
A 77-ball 69 was no trademark Dhoni blitz, but the hallmark of his innings, around which the rest of the batting flourished, was the intent to correct things that had gone wrong in the series.cricket Updated: Jun 25, 2015 14:49 IST
Mahendra Singh Dhoni loves to make flamboyant statements. This one was reserved but equally noteworthy. In his first appearance after declaring that stepping down from captaincy didn't bother him in the least, Dhoni fought off cramps to play a combative innings that held the middle order and allowed India to reach their highest total in this series.
A 77-ball 69 is no trademark Dhoni blitz, but the hallmark of his innings, around which the rest of the batting flourished, was the intent to correct things that had gone wrong in the series. He again came at No 4 with Shikhar Dhawan at the other end, and continued with Ambati Rayudu. It seemed a replay of the second match, only this time India were not playing suicidal cricket. All courtesy the way Dhoni anchored the innings.
Dhoni came after Virat Kohli was bowled. He played out nine dot balls, giving Shakib a maiden in the process, before deciding he had settled down enough to start scoring. Dhoni came down the track and hit Nasir Hossain for a four, followed by a six over midwicket. Once he had struck Rubel Hossain for two boundaries in the 25th over, Dhoni looked in flow. Dhawan fell but Rayudu wasn't playing reckless shots. With a lot to prove to his captain who has publicly backed him over Ajinkya Rahane, Rayudu got down to building a partnership with Dhoni.
Good finish
It resulted in fewer boundaries but the duo tried to keep up the run rate with brisk running between the wickets. The batting powerplay, taken after the 32nd over, produced just 29 runs, but Dhoni seemed to be looking to stay till the end. India didn't motor on but at least they didn't crumble. It was during this phase that Dhoni, with humidity taking a toll, was seen feeling his right hamstring. However, he braved it to continue sprinting for runs.
The problem seemed to worsen after the 42nd over, when physio Nitin Patel was summoned. Once Suresh Raina started blasting bowlers, it gave Dhoni the cue to free his arms. He didn't get a ton but by staying put, he ensured India didn't waste their chance for some batting redemption.
First Published: Jun 25, 2015 14:30 IST


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Weekend reports suggest that Microsoft is considering launching a rescue bid for cash-strapped broadcaster ITV Digital. The software giant is trying to assemble a consortium to take over the wreckage, according to the Observer newspaper.
The troubled digital-TV network, locked into an expensive broadcast deal with the Football League, went into administration last month after failing to negotiate lower transmission fees.
A Microsoft spokeswoman said: 'It is our policy never to comment on market speculation and rumour'.
However, it is known that the company is keen to become a major player in the interactive television market, having taken stakes in the UK cable firms, NTL and Telewest.
Culture secretary Tessa Jowell hinted on Friday that "new players" could save the broadcaster from being liquidated.
If a buyer for the company does not come forward in the next few days, ITV Digital is likely to be broken up and its assets sold off piecemeal.
Speculation about potential buyers has previously centered on European media giants such as Vivendi or Bertelesmann or on venture capitalist groups.
Deloitte & Touche are already offering the company's assets for sale but say they are still hopeful of finding a buyer for the business as a going concern.
Meetings will take place on Monday and Tuesday with an announcement to come as early as Wednesday.


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The digital currency is getting its due share of praise. Just recently the International Monetary Fund had a lot of positive things to say about the bitcoin. The IMF has also released a report related to the digital currencies.
The report stated that fact that there is a huge possibility that some of the digital currencies will be widely adopted and will be quite useful in the private e-commerce networks. The report mentioned that there are chances that the digital assets might have a massive impact on the global monetary policies.
The report also stated that there are chances that digital assets might replace the fiat currency in some of the regions. This can have a massive impact on how the money works in this digital age.
There are also chances that the popularity of digital currency can lead to the decline of the central bank demand. The IMF report mentioned that the banks should not give in this situation.
They need to respond to the digital currency with competitive pressure. The report also suggested that it is high-time that the banks should think on the lines of solidifying the fiat currency.
The IMF report mentioned that things have not been quite smooth for the digital currency as well and it had its due share of tough time. At the moment the digital currency has been unable to become a standard unit and there is a reason behind it.
The digital currency is quite volatile in nature and this is because the valuation is still based on myths. However, the future of the digital currency is promising and it is bound to become the currency of the future.
What seems evident at this point of time is that the challenges are bound to increase for the banks but at the same time there are many opportunities too. The banks can easily cash out on these opportunities.
The banks need to make a conscious effort to win the trust of the users and this is one of the ways to remain relevant. It is vital that banks should come up with a policy so that the central bank money appeals to the investors. This way there is a possibility that the central bank money can become a medium of exchange in this digital age.
The digital currency also needs to improve its operations for its survival and success. This way investors will be enticed to opt for it.