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Moderator: Cartographers
natty_dread wrote:Flip the other stairs around to get a nice rotational symmetry.
natty_dread wrote:One thing... the knights on the wall look like they're drawn from a bird's eye perspective, while the wall itself and the ramparts and stairs are drawn in the top-down perspective. This is most noticeable in the knight in the top-right corner, which looks kinda really weird, being "under" the ramparts like that...
koontz1973 wrote:The knights stay as they are of I will take them off.
koontz1973 wrote:They are only there for decoration, nothing else.
koontz1973 wrote:I will go back over the top knights and put back in the missing pieces so both ends look more equal (as you pointed out).
koontz1973 wrote:Your welcome.
J_Indr wrote:koontz, this is a little think - could you darken the yellow shield in the bonus description on the small map? It's really shiny and really different from the yellow shield used on board (and on the large version).
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Utah tries to even series with Spurs at two games apiece
(Sports Network) – The Utah Jazz try to even the Western Conference finals at
two games apiece, as they host the San Antonio Spurs tonight at
EnergySolutions Arena.
On Saturday, Deron Williams scored 31 points, and No. 4 Utah used a dominant
second half, putting Tim Duncan in foul trouble to beat the third-seeded
Spurs, 109-83, in Game 3 at EnergySolutions Arena. The Jazz outscored the
Spurs, 66-36, in the second half, and shot 64 percent (25-of-39) from the
field over the final 24 minutes of the contest.
Carlos Boozer tallied 27 points and 12 rebounds in the win for the Jazz, who
are 7-0 at home in the postseason. They are also 9-0 all-time at home against
the Spurs in the playoffs.
Duncan, who picked up three fouls in the opening half and was saddled with his
fifth with 7:35 left in the game, ended with 16 points and eight rebounds, but
also had eight of the Spurs' 20 turnovers. Tony Parker scored 25 and dished
out seven assists in defeat.
Utah has won two straight Game 4s in the postseason, while the Spurs have
dropped six of their last seven Game 4s.
Game 5 of this best-of-seven series is scheduled for Wednesday at the AT&T
This is the fourth time that these teams have met in the playoffs. The Jazz
are 3-0 against San Antonio in the postseason. Utah defeated the Spurs, 3-1,
in the first round of the 1994 playoffs, and in the semifinals in 1996, 4-2,
and 1998, 4-1.
San Antonio has advanced to the Western Conference finals for the eighth time
in franchise history. The Spurs played the Lakers in 1982, 1983 and 2001,
Houston in 1995, Portland in 1999, Dallas in 2003 and Phoenix in 2005. San
Antonio is 3-4 in this round.
The Spurs, who lost in seven to the Dallas Mavericks in last year's
semifinals, knocked out No. 6 Denver in five games in the opening round and
survived a tough six-game series with the second-seeded Suns in the semis.
San Antonio is in the postseason for the 10th straight year, and has won three
of the last eight NBA championships.
The Jazz have returned to the West finals for the first time since 1998, when
they swept the Lakers, 4-0. They are 2-3 in the conference finals.
Utah also defeated the Houston Rockets in six in 1997, and lost to Seattle,
4-3, in 1996, the Rockets, 4-1, in 1994 and in 1992 to Portland, 4-2.
Utah defeated the fifth-seeded Rockets in seven games in the first round and
eliminated No. 8 Golden State in round two. The Jazz ended a three-year
playoff drought by qualifying for this year's postseason. Prior to the
2006-07 campaign, the Jazz last appeared in the playoffs in 2003 when they
were eliminated in five games by the Sacramento Kings in the opening round.

subset: commoncrawl


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My other half leaves for work every morning at 4:30 am. Of course he let's Brutus out for a few minutes before he leaves.
I awoke this morning as Brutus leapt onto the bed and I choked on the overwhelming stench of skunk.
Anyone who has ever been sprayed knows how that smell attacks the senses and draws tears, closes the throat and makes the nose run. Then the smell spreads to everything it touches and clings to it.
Of course, Brutus is trying to get it off himself by wiping it on the bed, the blankets, and on me.
I grabbed Brutus (who I'm not calling my baby BooBoo at this time) and lock him in the shower stall until I can get my bearings and figure out what I'm doing. Remember it is 4:30 am.
I took a couple of minutes to yell at my other half. How could he not notice that there was a skunk in our yard or that our dog smelled like one? It was tough to miss.
I searched online for a skunk scent removal remedy. The one I found that worked was this:
1 quart 3% Hydrogen Peroxide
1/4 cup Baking Soda
1 teaspoon liquid soap
(Dawn Dishwashing Detergent is often recommended, but any dish soap will work)
Rubber or latex gloves
Mix in an open container (bucket or bowl); it will be fizzy, a clue that you shouldn't try to mix it or store it in a bottle or other closed container.
Thoroughly wet your dog with warm water and then the solution while it is still bubbling. Knead it well into his coat, to chemically alter every bit of the mixture on his hair. Be careful to keep the formula out if the dog's eyes, nose and mouth; you can use a sponge to carefully wipe it onto his face. Let the solution stand for 10 minutes before rinsing. Follow the bath with a thorough rinse. Be sure to protect the eyes when rinsing the head. Chances are you will not get all of the smell off of the face and will have to live with that as it wears off. You can try Tricotine Liquid Douche Concentrate or any over-the-counter douche.
After bathing, check your dog's eyes. If they are red and watering, your dog may have taken a direct hit in the face. Skunk spray won't blind the dog, but it's very painful. Contact a vet.
Fortunately, he didn't get it in his eyes. It seemed to be mostly in his mouth. I assume he tried to bite the skunk (dumb ass) so this mixture worked really well.
I used the same mixture to wash my bedding. I assumed I had gotten all the smell off everything because I showered too. I assumed this until I went grocery shopping with my children. I commented that I could still smell skunk while we were in the store. They giggled and pointed. I realized that the smell was coming from me. I quickly went home and bathed myself in the same mixture. I was concerned that it would remove my hair dye but it didn't.


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Fae's Finds
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Click On The Photo To Go Directly To The Link


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I pulled into the parking garage at the hospital. As I crept closer to the dark wall before me in my chosen parking space, the headlights of my 2006 Nissan Maxima automatically came on.
Only one came on.
The one illuminated headlight was only half-lit.
After my hospital visit another meeting beckoned.
After that meeting another meeting at the church beckoned (a lot of beckoning yesterday!).
That last meeting lasted until 8:00 pm.
Time to go home.
Darkness covered the land!
My wife Julie and son Joshua were standing in the driveway as I made my way down the street in the dark with only one half-lit headlight.
As I entered the driveway they both laughed at just how pathetic my car looked.
I know the question on your mind… "How did you get home, driving in the dark with only one half-lit headlight?"
Great question! I am so glad you asked.
Here's the answer…
"I used the other lights available to me. I used the street lights. I used other people's headlights to navigate my way through the darkness."
Jesus said two very important things:
1. I am the light of the world (John 8: 12)
2. You are the light of the world (Matthew 5: 14)
Let me encourage you, implore you, challenge you, inspire you to keep the light of your life shining bright. Do whatever it takes to keep your light brilliant for all to see.
You just might be shedding enough light for someone whose own headlights of life are broken and they are relying on your light to navigate their way through a dark and uncertain time.
You are the light of the world!
Shine on!!
For God, who said, "Let light shine out of darkness," has shone in our hearts to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ. (2 Corinthians 4: 6)
Laugh often and Fear not!


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One of the most valuable skills for a professional in any field is outstanding public speaking ability. The ability to look comfortable and confident when addressing a room full of people will help you standout and advance in any career. Whenever you speaking publicly, make a conscious effort to develop your own memorable speaking style and enhance your own public speaking skills through constructive self-criticism. Here are some other things you can do to improve your public speaking skills:
Audience Analysis
If possible, figure out what type of people you will be speaking to. Find out the age range, if there is a predominate gender present, their level of experience and education, even socioeconomic and geographical background. If you can figure out some specifics about the audience you will be speaking to, it will be easier to create material that will keep them interested. Remember, in most public speaking situations, the audience wants the speaker to succeed. The key to success is preparation.
Plan Your Space
Make sure that the physical setup of the room is taken care of so things move along well during your presentation. If you are a guest speaker somewhere, contact your host a few days in advance to tell him or her what you will need. This is the time to request a certain type of microphone—and to remember that, if you request a lavaliere, you will have to wear clothing that will allow you to clip the transmitter comfortably on your body—and to request a computer or projector if needed. If you are going to use a Power Point presentation or slideshow, make sure you are backing up the files in multiple ways. Make sure you save your file to, at least, a USB drive and an online cloud service like Dropbox so you have multiple access options should anything go awry.
Engage With the Audience
Audiences tend to be more responsive when they feel that they are being talked with instead of being talked at. Even if your host introduces you, which will likely happen, make sure you introduce yourself to the audience. Engage the crowd next. Tell a joke, mention a famous quote, or ask a question relevant to the subject matter.
Try to refrain from using your notes. Even the most prepared speakers can look unprepared if they are constantly looking at their notes or—even worse—reading them, verbatim, because of nerves. This looks bad and will disengage the audience. While the audience wants you to succeed, they also want to be entertained. There is no such thing as a bad topic, just a good or bad delivery of a topic. You can always find a way to engage your audience, and one way to do this is to start by simply looking at them during your presentation.


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Below are the available bulk discount rates for each individual item when you purchase a certain amount
The Story Film on DVD! A great way to play the film in your church or ministry, or give it away those visiting!
May also be used in most prisons that don't allow you to bring electronic devices in.
This product hasn't received any reviews yet. Be the first to review this product!


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Prof. BR Sengupto Memorial Lecture
by Shri. R.S. Thakur, Chairman of Tal Manufacturing Solutions Ltd, Director on the Board of Drive India Enterprise Solutions Ltd, Currently a Management Consultant, Former MD & CEO at TATA Auto Comp Systems Ltd on 2nd March at 5 pm in IC & SR Auditorium.


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"Living in one of the top 20 best cities gives you a disposable income of $18,000 left over, on average, after taxes and basic living expenses are paid. That's a huge boon to residents of these cities who want to get out of debt faster."
AUSTIN, Texas (PRWEB) November 27, 2017
The key to paying off debt faster might be living in a city with high wages and a relatively low cost of living, a new study finds.
This research from Student Loan Hero, a financial education site, compared average wages to local income taxes and costs of living. The study calculated the average disposable income residents can expect in 159 major U.S. cities and ranked them accordingly. The findings identified the top 20 cities where residents have more money left over to get out of debt.
"Living in one of the top 20 best cities gives you a disposable income of $18,000 left over, on average, after taxes and basic living expenses are paid," said Elyssa Kirkham, lead researcher on the Student Loan Hero study. "That's a huge boon to residents of these cities who want to get out of debt faster. It gives them a lot of room to play with their budget and find extra money to put toward debt."
These best cities to live in to pay off debt share some characteristics:
-- Half of the top 20 cities are located in states that don't levy a state income tax. Another Student Loan Hero study found that living in a state with no income tax saves residents an average of $1,977.
-- The top 20 cities have low costs of living relative to wages and national averages. Only one city has a cost of living higher than the national average (by just 0.8 percent).
Here are the 10 best cities to get out of debt faster and their average disposable incomes:
1. Durham, N.C.: $21,975
2. Kennewick, Wash.: $20,938
3. Houston, Texas: $20,422
4. Des Moines, Iowa: $20,094
5. Austin, Texas: $20,027
6. Kalamazoo, Mich.: $19,904
7. Memphis, Tenn.: $19,723
8. San Antonio, Texas: $19,718
9. Knoxville, Tenn.: $19,661
10. Huntsville, Ala.: $19,444
In addition to the best cities to pay off debt, the study also identified the 20 worst cities for paying off debt.
"These are expensive cities where average workers will struggle to make ends meet, let alone get ahead," Kirkham said. "The study shows that in the two worst cities, San Francisco and San Jose, Calif., average workers are likely to get further into debt just covering basic living expenses."
Here are the 10 cities where disposable incomes are the lowest:
1. San Jose, Calif.: -$12,027
2. San Francisco, Calif.: -$1,290
3. Honolulu, Hawaii: $372
4. New York, N.Y.: $1,807
5. Anaheim, Calif.: $7,994
6. Washington, D.C.: $9,115
7. San Diego, Calif.: $9,183
8. Oakland, Calif.: $9,246
9. Los Angeles, Calif.: $9,261
10. Bridgeport, Conn.: $10,652
To generate these rankings, we surveyed the following data for 159 U.S. cities:
Average annual wage, sourced from the May 2016 Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics
Federal, payroll, state, and local income tax estimates generated through the SmartAsset tax calculator, assuming a single filer with a household of one
Costs of basic living expenses, including food, shelter, healthcare, and transportation, per the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Consumer Expenditure Survey and adjusted for local costs of living index from the Council for Community and Economic Research
We surveyed more than 159 cities but excluded cities for which any of the above data points were unavailable. We also cross-checked city locations and in some cases substituted data points from neighboring cities within 50 miles.
About Student Loan Hero
Student Loan Hero combines easy-to-use tools with financial education to help the millions of Americans living with student loan debt manage and pay off their loans. Student Loan Hero has helped more than 150,000 borrowers manage and eliminate over $3 billion in student loan debt since 2012 and assists over 3.5 million people in becoming more financially healthy every year.
Student Loan Hero offers both current and former students free loan calculators as well as unbiased, personalized advice and repayment plans through an easy-to-use online dashboard.
Founded in 2012 by CEO Andrew Josuweit, who himself had over $100,000 in student loans, Student Loan Hero operates on the belief that all loan help and recommendations should come with honesty and no hidden agenda.
For more information, visit https://studentloanhero.com.


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On Tuesday President Donald Trump faced—quelle surprise!—criticism. This time it wasn't over his unpopular political opinions or outwardly racist statements but rather for what appears to be a move that quite literally left his wife and son out in the cold.
In new press photos and videos, the President can be seen walking up the stairs to board Air Force One while holding an oversize black golf umbrella. It looks to be a normal enough scene, until you realize his wife, Melania, and 11-year-old son, Barron, were following behind, neither of whom were protected from the elements. Of course, Trump may have offered to give them the umbrella—to which they could have said no thanks, we're good—but, well, c'mon.
Regardless of how it went down, it wasn't a great look, and people on social media were clearly displeased.
"Just seen @realDonaldTrump getting on his plane holding an umbrella for himself while his son and wife get soaked in the rain. says it all about him," one commenter tweeted.
"It would never even occur to my husband to cover himself if my daughter and I were standing with him in a storm. He's such a disgrace," another added.
And it's not just social media users who think Trump's behavior was lacking. Etiquette experts are weighing in, noting that being the leader of the free world doesn't exempt you from common decency.
"We generally try to not comment on individuals, but in terms of principles of etiquette your rank doesn't absolve you from common courtesy," Daniel Post Senning, author and spokesperson for the Emily Post Institute, explained to the New York Daily News. "The core tenet of good etiquette is thinking about other people. There's something classy and thoughtful about considering others."
So why would Trump behave in such a way? Newsweek has one great theory: It all comes down to protecting his hair over his family.
"She often described the mechanics behind it to friends: an absolutely clean pate—a contained island after scalp-reduction surgery—surrounded by a furry circle of hair around the sides and front, from which all ends are drawn up to meet in the center and then swept back and secured by a stiffening spray," Michael Wolff wrote about the President's hair in his new book, Fire and Fury: Inside the Trump White House.
This isn't the first time Trump has been accused of unchivalrous conduct. In September Trump literally forgot that his wife was standing right next to him at an event and talked about her like she wasn't even there.
"I just want to thank everybody, the first responders, on behalf of myself, our Vice President—Melania really wanted to be with us," he said as she stood, right there, directly next to him, not saying a word. Maybe Melania and Barron can just slip away in the middle of the night and Trump wouldn't notice. For their sake, they may want to think about it.
Related Content:
Trump Says 'Melania Really Wanted to Be With' Irma First Responders—While She's Standing Right There
Donald Trump Just Called Haiti, El Salvador, and African Nations 'Shithole Countries'
Female Democrats Are Planning to Wear Black to Trump's State of the Union Address


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SVSF Video
I took part in creating a video for the Snoqualmie Valley Schools Foundation. I was assigned to create the Math Kinect portion of the video which is used to highlight the benefits that the Kinect system offers the educational environment. We filmed students using the system to learn actively and essentially tossing out the traditional, textbook-based, classroom setting.
NWHSFF Entry
For the Northwest High School Film Festival, I entered my video from the first quarter, Uncharted Dirt. It is a sports documentary about mountain biking and a full description can be found on the first quarter page.
Dual Survival Parody Episode
Due to the third quarter GSA video falling through and being pushed to the next quarter, we had to adopt a different project in the eleventh hour of the third. We decided to make a parody episode of the television show Dual Survival. We decided to shoot the entire thing in a single day as a result of the time crunch that had resulted from the GSA video failure. The video ended up being twenty-two minutes with two commercial breaks as we wanted to recreate the feeling of actually watching a television show.


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Max Verstappen, the 16-year-old becoming Formula 1's youngest driver ever
When 16-year-old Dutch racer Max Verstappen arrives in Formula One next season, he will be unable to drive on the Netherlands' public roads without adult supervision. Currently, he's too young to even take a driving test.
And yet he'll be lining up alongside veterans such as Fernando Alonso, 33, and Lewis Hamilton, 29, aboard an 800-hp open-wheel missile that sprints from 0-100 mph, then back to 0 again, in less than 5 seconds.
Verstappen, who turns 17 next month and will compete in the 2015 F1 season for the Red Bull-sponsored Toro Rosso team, will break the record for the youngest ever Formula One driver by almost two years – a title held by former Red Bull protégé Jaime Alguersuari, when he raced in 2009 at just 19 years, 125 days.
Red Bull regularly signs young drivers and offers them a chance to showcase their skills in its junior team. Sebastian Vettel was still 19 (just) when he competed in his first Grand Prix for BMW, and was quickly signed by the energy drink giant to race for Toro Rosso. Now, the young German, racing for the squad's main Red Bull Racing outfit, is a four-time F1 champion – and one of the sport's greats (by just 27 years of age). But Vettel remains an anomaly; one of the few, like Alonso, who made it work.
Alguersuari was unceremoniously dumped a few years after his young debut, and Verstappen replaces another Red Bull protégé, Jean-Eric Vergne, who has also been dropped.
Verstappen is, undoubtedly, immensely talented, having won both European and World titles in go-karts, and is currently lying second in the European F3 series after winning eight of 27 races.


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Modulation of activity of lactoperoxidase and myeloperoxidase
Modulation of Activity of Lactoperoxidase and Myeloperoxidase
Due to local conditions (e.g. excess H2O2, lack of SCN-) in the buccal cavity the (pseudo-)halogenating enzymatic activity of the heme peroxidase lactoperoxidase (LPO) may be inactivated. Thereby the accumulation of those enzymatic redox intermediates is assumed which are not able to two-electronically oxidize thiocyanate (SCN-) to hypothiocyanite (-OSCN). An impaired production of this antimicrobial enzymatic product leads to e.g. oral infections.
In many subsequent studies we explored the physicochemical properties of those organic LPO substrates which, by regenerating the native enzymatic state, promote the -OSCN formation by the enzyme. Thereby especially hydrophobic substrates (e.g. flavonoids) with a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl partial structure were shown to efficiently promote the pseudo-halogenating lactoperoxidase activity. The results were confirmed by stopped flow-kinetic measurements.
While under physiological conditions lactoperoxidase almost exclusively oxidizes SCN- the leukocyte-derived enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) also two-electronically oxidizes chloride (Cl-) to hypochlorous acid (HOCl). This enzymatic product contributes to the humoral immune defence of especially neutrophil granulocytes in the blood but also leads to e.g. tissue destruction during long-lasting and/or excess inflammatory reactions. Therefore we currently also test MPO activity inhibitors both in vitro as well as in neutrophil granulocytes. These studies are conducted in cooperation with colleagues from Brussels and Vienna and may lead to the development of new drugs for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
Team Members
Dr. Jörg Flemmig, Jana Gau, Prof. Dr. Jürgen Arnhold
Prof. Dr. Christian Obinger
University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Vienna, Austria
Prof. Dr. Pierre van Antwerpen
Universite Libre de Bruxelles
Brussels, Belgium


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HotAirBallooning.com has been the most popular website about ballooning since it was started over a decade ago.
We take pride in offering accurate, timely information about the sport of ballooning.
Our ride directory lists only real companies offering balloon rides. We do not accept listings from resellers or others not directly involved in providing local balloon flights. You can be assured that when you call, email or visit the website of one of the companies listed youll be dealing directly with a company that flys passenger balloons.
Do you have a news item you think would be beneficial to our readers? Please use the Contact Us link at the left to tell us about it.


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The Skeptics SA guide to
Velikovsky and his Comet
Although now completely discredited, the "catastrophist cosmology" theories of Dr Immanuel Velikovsky (1895, Vitebsk, Russia–1979, Princeton New Jersey) from time to time still attract the attention of a new generation of readers, who may be discovering his writings for the first time.
Velikovsky obtained his medical degree from Moscow University in 1921 and after post-graduate studies he practiced psychiatry in Palestine from 1924 to 1939. In 1939 he went on sabbatical leave to the United States, intending to research a book on Oedipus, Akhenaton and Moses, however in the spring of 1940 (Velikovsky, 1972, p 12 and 1973, p v) he was diverted into a new area of research. He began to consider that there might have been a single causal event to explain many of the extraordinary Old Testament events including the ten plagues of Egypt, the parting of the Red Sea, the manna, the events at Mount Sinai and other astonishing biblical events, such as the sun standing still in the heavens. Within six months (Velikovsky, 1972, p 64) he had developed his "catastrophist cosmology" theory. This theory, which was to dominate his life, claimed all of these biblical events had been precipitated by the appearance of a planet-sized comet.
Unable to return to Palestine because of WW II, he had by 1942 completed the first full draft of his theories (Velikovsky, 1973, pp vi–vii): these would later be published as Worlds in Collision (1950), Ages in Chaos (1952), and Earth in Upheaval (1955). Although these books attracted a great deal of favourable public and media interest, they were criticised by many scientists who, in general, considered his claims to be unscientific nonsense.
His "catastrophist cosmology" ideas were broadly based on a natural theological approach, in which so-called biblical "miracles" tend to be attributed to naturally occurring phenomena, rather than to supernatural causes. Before the Age of Enlightenment biblical "miracles" had been accepted almost without question as examples of God using his divine powers to perform acts which were outside the limitations of the natural world. However, with the development of a more rational and scientific approach it was increasingly suggested that God may have used conventional rather than supernatural phenomena to produce these events. In adopting this approach, Velikovsky was merely following the lead of earlier writers who had also cited catastrophic events to explain extraordinary biblical events.
One of these was William Whiston (Isaac Newton's successor at Cambridge) who believed that since God had created a perfect paradise the weather must have also been constantly perfect. This implied Paradise had only a single summery season, and so the Earth must have moved around the Sun in a perfectly circular orbit (Whiston, 1737, p 114). From Hellenic times the circle had been considered "the perfect figure" and was believed to be the orbital shape of all heavenly bodies both in the geocentric model of the cosmos and the heliocentric model of the solar system by Copernicus. However, according to Whiston, after the Fall this perfect order had been changed by the passing of a great comet. Not only had this comet forced the Earth into an elliptical orbit, which enlarged and lengthened "...its periodical time" (p 467) producing for the first time the cycle of seasons, but later, in the year 2349 BCE, the same comet had been the cause of Noah's Flood (p 142).
Similar religiously biased ideas form the core of Velikovsky's theories, yet while others were content to attribute the extraordinary phenomenon of Exodus to the actions of rather mundane events such as tornadoes or earthquakes, Velikovsky proposed an incredibly spectacular cosmic scenario. He claimed that circa 2,000 BCE the planet Jupiter had ejected a huge mass of material into space. This ejecta was nothing less than a completely new proto-planet, Venus, which in the form of a comet had initially travelled in an elliptical orbit from the vicinity of Jupiter around the Sun and back again, regularly crossing the orbits of Earth and Mars (Velikovsky, 1972, p 64) and that on several occasions it had actually collided with both planets, unleashing cataclysmic destruction on both.
He claimed the comet had precipitated a number of catastrophes which coincided with certain miraculous biblical events, namely:
- Circa 1495 BCE at the time of the Exodus (p 97) it had precipitated the plagues of Egypt, parted the Red Sea, and delivered the Ten Commandments
- The comet left a large number of great stones suspended in the "celestial sphere" (p 152) and some fifty-two years later (p 63) these rained down onto the Amorites, the enemies of the Israelites. At the same time "...the Earth was brought out of rotation" (Velikovsky, 1942) which caused the sun to stand still in the heavens over Gibeon, (Joshua 10:12-13)
- Circa 689 BCE the planet Mars, having been displaced by the comet, "blasted" the camp of the Assyrians who were besieging Jerusalem and killed 185,000 of them during the night (2 Kings 19:35).
Velikovsky (1972) claimed that the comet first approached Earth on a collision course circa 1495 BCE (p 64), at a time when Moses was demanding that pharaoh free the Israelites. When this request was refused the comet intervened and created the miraculous plagues which finally forced the pharaoh to release the Israelites. At that time, the comet "...on its way from its perihelion... touched the Earth first with its gaseous tail" (p 64) and rained down onto the Earth "...a fine dust of rusty pigment" (p 64) which choked the rivers, turned the seas, lakes and rivers a bloody red colour, poisoned the fish and brought widespread death and disease to many (Exodus 7:20-21): this was the first plague. The poisoned river encouraged an abundance of frogs and lice, the second and third plagues. The fourth plague was an infestation of "swarms of flies": these, according to Velikovsky, were the vermin (p 371) that came from the comet. Similarly, Velikovsky claimed the hail and fire of the seventh plague, (Exodus 9:23-24) occurred when the Earth fully entered the comet's tail and was bombarded by a great hail of meteors and enveloped in massive clouds of burning carbon and hydrocarbon naphtha gases which ignited Earth's forests and covered the land and the seas for a period of seven years (p 71).
As the Israelites left Egypt they were accompanied by a "pillar of cloud" to lead them during the day, "...and by night in a pillar of fire, to give them light" (Exodus13:21). This phenomenon, Velikovsky claimed, occurred when the Earth passed through the neck of the comet and "A tremendous spark sprang forth at the moment of the nearest approach of the comet..." (Velikovsky, 1972, p 100); this massive flow of electrical energy between the comet and the Earth shrouded the planet "...in a dark column of gases which looked like a pillar of smoke during the day and of fire at night (p 91). When pharaoh reneged and sent his army after the Israelites they reached them on the shores of the Red Sea. At that time the pillar of cloud then moved between the Israelites and their enemies and enveloped the Egyptians in a cloud of darkness (Exodus 14:20). This, Velikovsky claimed, was the "angel of God" (Exodus 14:19) which held back the pursuing Egyptians while Moses arranged for the Lord to part the Red Sea (Exodus 14:21).
The Red Sea parted and the Israelites, "...went into the midst of the sea upon the dry ground" (Exodus 14:22). Although the Bible claims the parting of the Red Sea was due to the presence of "...a strong east wind " (Exodus 14:21) which blew all night long, Velikovsky suggests the actual cause was that the sea was lifted by a combination of geological upheavals and the gravitational pull of the comet. The comet then conveniently remained in place allowing the Israelites adequate time to cross the sea-floor, but then as the gravitational attraction of the comet waned, the sea flooded back, overwhelming the Egyptians, who were thrown high into the air (p 102) and completely destroyed.
Then, as the Earth approached the head of the comet there were worldwide earthquakes on a scale never experienced before or since. The entire surface of the Earth was ripped open, volcanoes erupted worldwide, producing lava flows 1.5 kilometers thick; the oceans were thrown from their beds creating kilometers high tsunamis which swept across the continents; rivers boiled or simply disappeared. Then, the Earth's poles were reversed, the North Pole, formerly located between Greenland and North America, moved approximately 159 degrees, to become the South Pole; the axis of the Earth shifted and the Earth's rotation was reversed (p 91). Finally, the Earth "...proceeded on a distorted orbit" (p 91), its orbital speed around the sun slowed from 260 days to 360 days. In the midst of all this devastation most of humanity perished. Above the Earth the Moon changed its orbit (p 344) and the lunar month had changed from 20 days to 29 days (p 345). In the midst of all these cataclysmic events, apparently unaffected, Moses continued to lead his people into the wilderness!
The comet then retreated from the Earth for about seven weeks (p 108) but returned briefly to produce miraculous events at Mount Sinai. It covered the mountain with a thick cloud (Exodus 19:9), produced thunder and lightning (Exodus 19:16), the mountain "quaked greatly" (Exodus 19:18), then great trumpeting noises were heard (Exodus 19:19). According to Velikovsky the comet emitted ten separate "trumpet like sounds" (p 111). Incredibly, these ten blasts were actually the Ten Commandments, and these were heard all round the world, in seventy different languages, "...so that all might understand it"(p 112).
Velikovsky (1972) claimed that the comet returned fifty-two years later when Joshua and the Israelites were in battle against the armies of the Amorite kings of Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, and Eglon. First the comet showered the Amorites with "great stones" and "hailstones" (Joshua 10:11) then it temporarily interrupted the Earth's rotation (p 60) so that the sun stood still over Beth-horon (p 152, Joshua 10:11) to allow Joshua time to finish off his enemies. The claim that the sun stood still or reversed its rotation is used several times in the Old Testament: see also Isaiah 38:8 where it is claimed "...the sun returned ten degrees". This was at the time of the invasion of Judah by Sennacherib.
Later, in the eighth century BCE, Venus and Mars collided, causing Venus to change its course "...from an elliptical to a nearly circular orbit" (p 264). Then, some time between the 8th and 7th centuries BCE "...the earth and Mars... assumed new positions in the solar system" (p 368). In 747 BCE the displaced Mars began a regular cycle whereby it approached close to Earth every fifteen years. Between 747 and 687 BCE "...solar and lunar movements changed repeatedly" (p 350). The Moon changed its orbital period from 36 days to 29 days (p 345), then, at midnight, March 23 687 BCE (Velikovsky, 1942) Mars came so close to the Earth that it changed its orbital period from 360 days to 365¼ (Velikovsky, 1972, p 324, 333–344, 358). Velikovsky claimed that it was the close approach of Mars circa 689 BCE which destroyed the forces of Sennacherib who were besieging Jerusalem: "A blast from the planet Mars fell upon the camp of the Assyrians and annihilated it" (p 298). Finally, both Mars and Venus settled into their present stable orbits.
Sagan (1979) examined Velikovsky's claims, and while he conceded "Collisions and catastrophism are part of modern astronomy" (p 105) he was generally scathing of Velikovsky's theories, particularly with respect to the "...adequacy of the purported evidence" (p 106). Some of his criticisms were:
- If Jupiter had ejected the proto-Venus, the amount of energy required would have been about the same as all of the energy expended by our sun in a single year, that is 100,000,000 times more energy than is contained in the largest observed solar flare (p 121). Yet Jupiter is primarily a gas-planet, and, unlike the sun, it is not given to releasing huge amounts of energy, so where did this energy originate?
- The energy required to eject such a mass to enable it to escape Jupiter's gravity would have been so great it would have reduced the material to very small particles (p 121), certainly not the large solid mass proposed by Velikovsky
- Velikovsky claimed the proximity of the comet caused Earth mile high tides, whereas they would actually have been "hundreds of miles high" (p 128), furthermore there is no geological evidence of any such inundation between the 15th and 6th centuries BCE (p 129)
- Velikovsky confused carbohydrates with hydrocarbons, resulting in the claim that the manna which the Israelites ate for forty years in the wilderness, was actually motor oil (p 130)
- The amount of manna delivered during those forty years would have required the comet to have had a mass equal to that of the Sun (p 134)
- Velikovsky (1972) claimed Jupiter and Venus are "...populated by vermin" (p 371), which Velikovsky implied was the source of the petroleum on both planets. By "vermin" Velikovsky meant the flies which had been responsible for the fourth plague mentioned in Exodus 8:21 which strangely were extremely selective, for they ignored the Israelites in Goshen and attacked only the Egyptians. However, as Sagan (1979) pointed out, if they had come from Jupiter in a molten comet, they would never have survived. Sagan also questions how with the same genetic code as all Earth creatures they could have evolved on Jupiter (p 131). Furthermore, since flies metabolise molecular oxygen, how could they have evolved and survived on Jupiter where molecular oxygen does not exist (p 132)?
- If Venus and Mars had crossed the orbit of the Earth there should still be massive amounts of debris crossing Earth's orbit (p 122) yet there is no evidence of this
- Velikovsky's claim (1972, p 60) that the Earth's mountains and valleys were only formed a few thousand years ago is disputed by geological evidence which dates their origins in millions of years (Sagan, 1979, p 128)
- Although Velikovsky claimed enormous tectonic and impact disturbances to the surface of the Moon occurred contemporaneously with the events on Earth, as Sagan (1979) indicated, evidence from the Apollo Moon missions suggest that it has been several hundred million years since the rocks on the Moon were molten (p 128).
Other scientists have noted other weaknesses in Velikovsky's theories:
- Friedlander (1995) noted major problems with Velikovsky's use of celestial mechanics to explain the behaviour of the planets. Ignoring Newtonian laws of planetary motion, he proposed that electromagnetic forces could explain their erratic movements, even though electromagnetic forces between planets are essentially zero (pp 11–12)
- Gurshtein (1993) pointed out that the Astrological zodiac, which has been used since circa 5,500 BCE, lies on the ecliptic, the apparent annual path of the sun across the celestial sphere: since this 'path' is determined by the tilt of the Earth, then, if the tilt of the Earth changed during Velikovsky's cataclysm, the location of the zodiac would have changed significantly, yet there is no evidence of this
- Morrison (2001) mentioned that the science of dendrochronology (using tree rings to determine the age of trees and past weather conditions) has revealed the existence of trees 4,000 years old, that survived Velikovsky's claimed catastrophes, and which reveal no evidence of catastrophic climate changes (p 70)
- Morrison (2001) also noted that ice cores from Greenland which reveal evidence of global temperatures and volcanic activity going back tens of thousands of years, reveal no evidence of Velikovsky's claimed catastrophes (p 70).
A major problem with Velikovsky is that the catastrophic events he describes tend to be brief, isolated and poorly defined, lost in the midst of lengthy passages referring to numerous cultural myths which support his theories of catastrophes. As a result, the exact pattern of events he described is rather unclear and ambiguous. As Morrison (2001) indicated, this "...vagueness and lack of quantitative reasoning" (p 69) produces a great deal of frustration when one attempts to make sense of his various theories.
What is quite clear however is that the genesis of his theories was the claimed ejection by Jupiter of the proto-planet Venus with such force that it escaped the gravity of Jupiter to commence travelling in space as a huge comet and that in the course of its erratic travels throughout the solar system it precipitated events which formed the basis for the marvellous biblical events described in Exodus, Joshua and 2 Kings.
As an advocate of Catastrophism and natural theology Velikovsky was so determined to harmonise the irregular behaviour of this imaginary comet with these biblical events that he had to invent quite absurd scenarios. If Velikovsky is to be believed this was no ordinary comet, but rather one which possessed miraculous abilities. Not only was it able to appear and reappear, intervening at critical moments to assist the Israelites, causing death and destruction to their enemies, even causing worldwide cataclysms which destroyed most of humanity, but yet in some mysterious manner it never harmed the Israelites! This saga of cosmic catastrophes is so incredible it could only have been created by Velikovsky's overwhelming need to provide a natural theological explanation for many of the biblical myths. In doing so he created a number of theories about the nature and behaviour of comets which have now been revealed as completely false, thus he claimed that:
- Some comets originated in other star systems and may be the results of collisions between two stars creating a nova (Velikovsky, 1972, p 388)
- Comets are created by the collision of planets (p 374) and "...smaller comets were born in contacts between Venus and Mars..." (p 379). There is now a much better understanding of the composition of comets (Keller, Britt, Buratti and Thomas, 2005) and their origins and relationship to the trans-Neptunian Oort and Kuiper belts (Jewitt and Luu, 1993). Comets are essentially debris left over from the formation of the solar system, pieces of rock, ranging in size from small rocks up to many kilometers in size, surrounded by dust, gas and ice. Although they originally orbited the sun in the distant parts of the solar system, some were forced from their original paths, probably by collisions with other bodies, into orbits which now bring them in close to the sun. There are two types of comets, the first, long-period comets (>200 years) are thought to originate in the Oort cloud while the short-period comets (<200 years) appear to come from the trans-Neptunian Keiper Belt (Huebner, 2008, p 6)
- Before approaching Earth, having passed close to the sun, the comet was "...in a state of candescence" (p 91), however if, as he claimed, it had been ejected from Jupiter it seems likely it would already have been an incandescent mass, which would have taken hundreds of thousands of years to cool. If, on the other hand, it had already cooled, like all normal comets, it would have had a cool rocky nucleus and would not have been incandescent. While the nuclei of comets do become quite hot as they approach the sun, they never reach a temperature sufficiently high enough to become incandescent. They also lose this heat very quickly as they move away from the sun. For example, Becklin and Westphal (1966) measured the temperature of the comet Ikeya-Seki: when it was 72 million kilometers from the sun its temperature was some –400°C. and although the temperature reached 649°C when it was 32 million kilometers from the sun, on its return journey it once again quickly dropped to –400°C
- "The tails of comets are composed mainly of carbon and hydrogen gases" (Velikovsky (1972, p 69) and that these are highly flammable when they come into contact with oxygen atmospheres (p 69). In fact comet tails are composed of non-flammable dust and ionised particles. The glowing appearance of a comet in the sky is due to the combined effects of solar radiation heating their inner core releasing a thin trail of gases, which, along with the dust they trail, is illuminated by the ionisation effect of solar radiation, not because they become incandescent
- The comet had a massive atmosphere, which fell into Earth's atmosphere (p 92), however comets do not have an atmosphere per se, their nuclei are surrounded only a very nebulous collection of dust and gases held in place by their very weak gravity
- During the cool of the night, carbohydrates precipitated from the atmosphere of the comet and fell to Earth with the morning dew to form manna (Exodus 15:14–17). If the surface temperature of the Earth was hot enough to evaporate the oceans, there could hardly have been morning dew!
- In a reference to Lexell's Comet he claimed that "...a comet, encountering a planet, can become entangled and drawn away from its own path" (p 92, 192). He claimed Lexell's Comet had become "entangled" in this way, temporarily "captured" by Jupiter in 1767, and had then managed to successfully free itself in 1779. However, comets do not become captured and then free themselves at a later date. If they pass too close to a planet they can either be drawn into the planet (as occurred with Shoemaker-Levy 9 in 1994) or else have their orbits changed by the gravitational forces of the planet. According to Leverington (2003) this is what happened to Lexell's Comet in 1767 when "...Jupiter had radically changed its orbit..." (p 193). Furthermore Lexell's Comet was never captured by Jupiter and held from 1767 until 1779, since it was actually observed passing the Earth in 1770
- Venus is a very hot planet (p 6). Although it does have an abnormally high surface temperature, 750K (476°C, 890°F, Lewis, 2004, p 526) it is now known that the planet itself is not hot. The extreme temperature is due to its dense 96% carbon dioxide atmosphere (Seeds and Backman, 2007, p 457), which traps some 75% of the light reaching the surface, creating a massive greenhouse effect (Karttunen et al, 2003, p 154)
- The almost "uniform temperature" on both the day and night sides of Venus was because "The daily rotation of the planet Venus is very rapid" (p 372). He denied scientists who, at that time, claimed Venus rotated very slowly, once every 225 days (a period equal to its orbit around the sun) claiming "...it is difficult to see how the high temperature of the rotating layer of the night side could be maintained" (p 372), however it is now known that Venus rotates once on its axis every 243 Earth days. (Kuhn and Koupelis, 2004, p 247) and the heat of the night side is due to the extreme greenhouse effect
- Venus "...must be surrounded by a very extensive envelope of hydrocarbon (petroleum)" (p 6, 8) and so its atmosphere "...must be rich in petroleum gases" (p 370), however it is now known the atmosphere is rich in carbon dioxide (Fegley, 2005, p 488)
- Jupiter emitted radio signals (p 6): these are now known to be due to the interaction of the moon Io forming plasma in Jupiter's equatorial plane and, also because Jupiter also produces strong radio waves from its polar regions.
It is now known that a number of major catastrophes have shaped the development of the Earth; these include at least five extinction-level events (ELE) during the past 540 million years (Ma) with the last one, the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event, occurring some 65.5Ma. Velikovsky's claims that the last worldwide catastrophe occurred as recently as 2,800–3,500 years ago is disputed by all reputable geologists, for there is simply no evidence of the cataclysmic disasters described by Velikovsky.
To support his dramatic claims Velikovsky studied the records of many ancient cultures, including the Amerindian, Assyrian, Aztec, Chinese and Indians, looking for evidence of cosmic catastrophes. While most scholars considered such stories to be mere myths, Velikovsky was convinced they were eyewitness reports of actual catastrophic events. He insisted they were so reliable they were to be believed, over and above any modern scientific theories with which they might conflict. Despite this, he himself was rather selective in his own interpretation of these ancient texts for in quoting the Midrashim claim that the waters of the sea were raised up to a height of "sixteen hundred miles" he says this was not meant to be a literal figure but merely to indicate that "...the heap of water was tremendous" (p 87).
However what is often overlooked is that the existence of these myths is in itself proof that such events could never have occurred! Velikovsky gave a vivid description of how the entire surface of the Earth was ripped apart, uprooted and thrown around, with huge chasms opening up to expose molten magna which flooded the world, volcanoes erupted and the oceans swept across the continents in tsunamis kilometers high, huge meteors smashed into the Earth leaving a world totally devastated, and all that was left was "...a world enshrouded in an atmosphere filled with smoke and vapor" (Velikovsky, 1972, p 111). Such a description clearly suggests that the Earth must have been totally destroyed—nothing and no one could have survived—so who then could have written the myths which Velikovsky relied upon as evidence of his great cataclysms?
If by some rare chance, a few humans had survived, they would have emerged from the ruins to find a totally devastated world and they would have been forced to rebuild human civilization from the very beginning. Yet there is no evidence of this enormous worldwide destruction or of humans having to make a new start. Instead, we find an unbroken sequence of historical development. Even the Bible, which Velikovsky relies upon as the basis of his theories, describes how, when Moses led his people into Canaan, the land was described as flowing with milk and honey (Numbers 13:27); no mention of a ruined desolate landscape! In addition, rather than there being only a few survivors, the land was described as being inhabited by numerous peoples "...the Hittites, and the Hivites, and the Perizzites, and the Girgashites, and the Amorites, and the Jebusites" (Joshua 3:10). There were many cities in the land including Jericho, Ai, Gibeon, Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, Eglon, Gibeon, Chephirah, Beeroth, and Kirjathjearim, so how could humankind have recovered so quickly after a worldwide catastrophe as that described by Velikovsky?
His admission that his theories were based upon his own "...reconstruction of ancient history" (Velikovsky, 1972, p 64 and 78) is particularly pertinent. It appears he not only reconstructed ancient history but also astronomy and astrophysics to fit his unique theories.
Sadly, his efforts in devising such an elaborate explanation for the extraordinary events in the Bible appear to have been completely wasted, for although he claimed the biblical accounts of the wondrous events in Exodus are "historically true" (p 380) it is now generally accepted that the stories of Moses, the enslavement of the Israelites in Egypt, and their escape from captivity across the Red Sea, etc. are merely folklore. As Robertson (2004) noted, the Moses story is simply a variation of the Horus myth (p 309) while the account of the actual Exodus itself is merely an analogous myth, adapted by the Israelites from other Middle Eastern sources to demonstrate that just as pagan deities had parted the Primal Sea to create the world so too the god of the Israelites had split the Red Sea to create a new nation (Armstrong, 2005, p 96).
In describing the Israelites as "slaves" Velikovsky (1973, p 24) obviously accepted the biblical account that the Israelites had been enslaved and forced to build the great monuments in Egypt. This has now been revealed as a myth for the builders of these great buildings, including the pyramids, were the Egyptians themselves. Both Ruiz (2001) noted that in the villages where the pyramid builders resided the style of the tombs is clearly Egyptian (p 217), while David (1996) who examined the ancient town Deit el-Medina, home to the artisans who worked on the tombs in the Valley of the Kings from circa 1550–1080 BCE (the period covered by Velikovsky) reported that excavations at various workers' sites have uncovered a great deal of written material which shows these workers were clearly Egyptians. There is further evidence that these were paid workers not slaves, for as Rice (1999) indicated, on one occasion during the 29th year of the reign of Ramses III (circa 1153 BCE) the workers went on strike (p 166) upset because of a shortage of food, water, clothing and the dark eye makeup necessary to reduce the glare of the sun.
Velikovsky made a number of other unlikely claims, e.g.:
- The Earth attracted the Moon within the memory of human kind, who also witnessed the "building of the solar system" (Velikovsky, 1942)
- In the past Saturn and Jupiter had collided and, as the Earth passed close to Jupiter, it was drowned in hydrogen from Jupiter's atmosphere, which, as it drifted down through Earth's oxygen rich atmosphere, it became water" (Velikovsky 1942)
- The behaviour of our Earth, Mars, Venus, Moon, and other planets during their contacts, clearly shows that gravity does not exist, and furthermore, the mathematical proofs of Newton are completely erroneous (Velikovsky, 1942)
- "At near distances special law acts in magnetism (also electrical phenomenon)" (Velikovsky, 1942) operate which makes both levitation and perpetual motion possible
- Earthquakes are caused by the geological masses readjusting from their being displaced during the earlier cosmic-contacts (Velikovsky, 1942)
- Darwin's Theory of Evolution which proposes slow changes in life-forms is wrong (Velikovsky, 1942)
- Dinosaurs only became extinct a few thousand years ago. Most actually died during the catastrophes, and "...those that survived could not exist in new conditions, especially because of changed weight of all objects, and of their large bodies, not capable to move, especially during gravity" [Sic] (Velikovsky, 1942)
- The "Brontosaurus was not a reptile ... but a mammal" (Velikovsky, 1942)
- There had formerly existed on Earth a race of giants (Gigants) who were destroyed by the catastrophes and only the smaller humans survived (Velikovsky, 1942)
- Erection of ancient structures built with huge stones had only been possible because such objects had been much lighter before the cosmic contacts (Velikovsky, 1942)
- Noah's Flood had been due to the proto-Saturn becoming a nova, and ejecting much of its mass into space (Velikovsky, 1978, p 249)
- The planet Mercury was involved in the destruction of the Tower of Babel (Velikovsky, 1978, p 107)
- Planets revolve "...on a quite circular orbit..." (Velikovsky, 1972, p 166), until they are displaced from their original orbits by comets.
While it cannot be denied that Velikovsky was an outstanding scholar, his areas of expertise did not extend to astrophysics, so it appears that lacking definite scientific evidence he simply created his own fanciful ideas and in doing so convinced himself of the existence of an imaginary comet whose actions conveniently coincided with fictional events in the Old Testament, and even though several of his wild conjectures proved to be valid, the assumptions which led to these conclusions were completely erroneous. As Gould (1977) commented, "Velikovsky is neither crank nor charlatan—although to state my opinion and to quote one of my colleagues, he is at least gloriously wrong" (p 153).
Laurie Eddie, November 2011
Armstrong, K, 2005, A Short History of Myth, Melbourne, Australia: The Text Publishing Company
Becklin, EE, and Westphal, JA, 1966, Astrophysics, 145, pp 445–453
David, R, 1996, The Pyramid Builders of Ancient Egypt, London: Routledge Publishers
Fegley, B, 2005, 'Venus' in Meteorites, Comets and Planets, HD Holland and KK Turekian editors, Amsterdam: Elsevier Ltd, 487–508
Friedlander, MW, 1995, At the Fringes of Science, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press
Gould, SJ, 1977, 'Velikovsky in Collision', Natural History, March 1975; from Ever Since Darwin: Reflections in Natural History, New York: WW Norton & Company, 1977, pp 153–159
Gurshtein, A, 1993, 'On the Origin of the Zodiacal Constellations', Vistas in Astronomy 36, pp 171–190
Huebner, WF, 2008, 'Origins of Cometary Material', in Origin and Early Evolution of Comet Nuclei, editors Balsiger, H, Altwegg, K, Huebner, WF, Owen, T, and Schilz, T, Philadelphia: Springer Science + Business Media, 5–25
Jewitt, D, and Luu, J, 1993, 'Discovery of the candidate Kuiper belt object 1992 QB1', Nature 362, 730–732, 22 April
Karttunen, H, Kröger, P, Oja, H, Poutanen, M, and Donner, KJ, 2003, Fundamental Astronomy, 4th edition, New York: Springer-Verlag
Keller, HU, Britt, D, Buratti, BJ, and Thomas, N, 2005, 'In situ observations of cometary nuclei', in Comets II, editors Festou, M, Keller, HU, and Weaver, HA, Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 211–222
Kuhn, KF, and Koupelis, T, 2004, In Quest of the Universe, Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishers
Leverington, D, 2003, Babylon to Voyager and Beyond: A History of Planetary Astronomy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Lewis, JS, 2004, Physics and Chemistry of the Solar System, Burlington, Massachusetts: Academic Press
Morrison, D, 2001, 'Velikovsky at Fifty: Cultures in collision on the fringes of science', Skeptic 9:1, 62–76
Rice, M, 1999, Who's Who in Ancient Egypt, London: Routledge
Robertson, JM, 2004, Christianity and Mythology, Whitefish, Montana Kessinger Publishing, LLC
Ruiz, A, 2001, The Spirit of Ancient Egypt, New York: Algora Publishing
Sagan, C. 1979. 'Venus and Dr. Velikovsky' in Broca's Brain: the Romance of Science, editor, Carl Sagan, London: Coronet Books, 100–159
Seeds, MA, and Backman, DE, 2007, The Solar System, Boston: Brooks/Cole Publishers
Velikovsky, I, 1942, Affidavit of Dr Immanuel Velikovsky, dated 5 December 1942, http://www.varchive.org/ce/affidavit.htm, retrieved April 2011
Velikovsky, I, 1972, Worlds in Collision, New York: Laurel
Velikovsky, I, 1973, Ages in Chaos, London: Abacus/Sphere Books
Velikovsky, I, 1978, Ages in Chaos II, p 107, 1978 Doubleday & Company, Garden City, New York
Whiston, W, 1737, A New Theory of the Earth from Its Original, To the Consummation of All Things, London: Boyle's Head


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Sony Cyber Attack Case Study Analysis
Duane Brown
Sony Cyber Attack: A Case Study in Cyber Leadership Failure
John Sileo
In this case study leadership gets put on showcase. Here we are 2017 and the CEO of one of the largest tech companies in the history of electronics and he (Michael Lynton) doesn't even encrypt his emails. What was the point of creating guidelines and not even he follow them. With the sub title "Cyber Leadership Only Gets Attention AFTER THE ATTACK" it is clear what Sileo thinks of the debacle created by lax judgement on the part of Mr. Lynton.
With the 11 immediate and nasty consequences that suffer by the general public, celebrities,
staff, and executives. This has had to be singlehandedly the creation of what could be the end of an empire. The leak included these permanently damaging effects on the company.
· Sony forced to cancel the 12/25 release of "The Interview" and then suffers massive negative PR for giving in to the cyber criminals
· Sony's entire network was shut down for the better part of the week, meaning no one could really work (that had to be costly)
· Hackers spoil the release of five upcoming Sony movies by leaking them early including Brad Pitt's Fury and Annie
· Hackers release pre-bonus salaries of Sony's Top 17 Executives and 6,000 employees
· Hackers expose passport and visa PDFs of cast and crew members, including Angelina Jolie and Jonah Hill
· Hackers divulge 25-page list of employee workplace complaints
· Hackers share 30,000 Deloitte consultant salaries, and medical information on a number of Sony employees
· Sony's former employees file three early class-action lawsuits against Sony because of negligent handling of employee data
· A trove of embarrassing emails between Sony execs and various recipients expose C-Level racial bias
· In an embarrassing email, Sony executives out Angelina Jolie as a "spoiled brat"
· After being reprimanded by President Obama, Sony decides to release "The Interview" (after suffering millions in losses)
In the Great State of Texas the is simple. Texas's Identity Theft Enforcement and Protection Act requires any entity conducting business in the Lone Star state to inform its customers when their data is compromised in a data breach. Businesses can be fined up to $250,000 for data breaches. For larger data breaches (those involving more than 10,000 consumers), a business has to inform consumer reporting agencies as well.
This law doesn't in any way address when it has to be released nor anything more to the consumer other than notification either in writing or electronically. The law only provides protection for employees. Almost a complete mimic of the California law, Texas's Identity Theft Enforcement and Protection Act, is a complete song and dance to torts like negligence, fraud, fiduciary responsibility, and the like. .
Substantively Sony, you owe the public more than what you are giving.


text:
You wonder how such people navigate life...
Streisand was asked what she would do if the Democrats dont win the House.
Dont know. Ive been thinking about, do I want to move to Canada? I dont know. Im just so saddened by this thing happening to our country. Its making me fat. I hear what he (Trump) said now, and I have to go eat pancakes now, and pancakes are very fattening. We make them with healthy flour, though almond flour, coconut flour, she said.


text:
Allows to create a new VortexConnection from a socket that is already connected.
This function creates the basics structures for a new VortexConnection instance as if it were created with vortex_connection_new but without performing any additional BEEP operation such us sending initial greetings.
This function only takes the given underlying transport descriptor (that is, the socket) and gets the remote peer name in order to set which is the remote host peer.
This function also sets the default handler for sending and receiving data using the send and recv operations. If you are developing a profile which needs to notify the way data is actually sent or received you should change that behavior after calling this function. This is done by using:
Referenced by vortex_websocket_listener_new().


text:
- Libros en formato PDF -
Mystery of Angelina Frood
It takes a good
deal to surprise a really seasoned medical
practitioner, and still more to arouse in him an
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Shadow of The Wolf
ABOUT half-past eight on a fine, sunny
June morning a small yacht crept out of Sennen
Cove, near the Land's End, and headed for the
open sea. On the shelving beach of the Cove two
women and a man, evidently visitors (or "foreigners,"
to use the local term), stood watching her
departure with valedictory waving of cap or
handkerchief; and the boatman who had put the
crew on board, aided by two of his comrades, was
hauling his boat up above the tide-mark...
en formato ePub
en formato MOBI
un PDF con la información y resumen de 100 libros en
inglés que puedes descargar en 1 único archivo.
*Obras en Public Domain / **Programas
y diccionarios Freeware
La Mansión del Inglés C.B. - Todos los derechos


text:
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Additional Information
Open the cap and press the nozzle to spray it over your underarms, wrist and neck to feel a lingering fragrance all through the day.
Adidas is 'the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe' and 'the second biggest sportswear manufacturer in the world'. It was founded in '1948' by 'Adolf Dassler'. It also designs and makes sandals, watches, eyewear, bags, baseball caps, and socks. It has recently launched a branded range of 'male and female deodorants, perfumes, aftershave and lotions'. Adidas believes in engendering high consumer brand loyalty.
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On the confluence of the Nam Khan and the mighty Mekong, sits a UNESCO world heritage town which people have just started to hear about. After years of uncertainty and wars, Laos finally opened its doors to tourism in 2002. Luang Prabang with its Colonial French Architecture and a very scenic location became the star of Laos. The main town center is a protected area and remains the same since the time of its opening and hopefully will stay the same for years to come. Over the years many foreigners came, fell in love and made Luang Prabang their home. The many cafes, hotels have a European touch, but the treatment is with the Lao warmth.
End of October to Early March
|3 Nights / 4 Days
|Mumbai Via Bangkok on Bangkok Airways
|Tour Cost
Will be updated soon.
|Direct Joining Cost
Will be updated soon.
|Night Stay
|Air Journey
Will be updated soon
|Booking Procedure
Step 1: Booking amount of USD 200 per person (plus GST @ 5%) to be paid at time of booking along with the copy of the Passport.
Step 2: Balance USD payment + GST @ 5% 60 days before the departure date.
Cheques Favouring - INR + Dollar (Equivalent to INR) - Anubhav Vacations Pvt. Ltd.
*Tour Cost & Itinerary is subjected to change
|Cancellation Policies
On arrival, we will check in our Hotel Sala Prabang, on the banks of the Mekong and the Nam Kham Rivers, in the central UNESCO district of the town. The next two days we would like to divide into Morning – Afternoon and Evening to make your Lao experience unique.
Morning: Today will be slightly active but well laid out. After enjoying breakfast next to the Mekong, we will leave to visit the Living Land Farm, where you will learn about the most important aspect of Lao Life, the Sticky Rice. You will enter the Paddy Field to sow the sapling, and then go through 14 stages before it is served to you as a snack with the local delicacies. You will also learn about 'Sustainable Tourism' where what we grow and earn is shared with the community.
Afternoon: After the Sticky Rice Adventure, we will proceed to the most beautiful waterfall of Laos, the Kuang Si Waterfall. The Turquoise waters move in steps over calcium and limestone rocks and every step is a picture opportunity. For those who want to bathe in the fall or take a short swim can do so. Lunch will be served overlooking the waterfall. Later we will pass through the Asian Bear Conservation Centre and learn about how the Asian Bears on the verge of Extinction are saved and nurtured. Enjoy the Lao Coconut and try finishing it, before stepping in our mini vans to head back to Luang Prabang.
In Laos, a land full of Buffalos the dairy industry was non-existent. Later an Australian couple like many expats have changed the Laotian way of looking at things. Enjoy a visit to the Buffalo Dairy with a tour to the mini-farm. Here we will be getting a chance at feeding the Buffalos and calves. We will enjoy lunch made from the farm as well with lots of dairy products.
Evening: We can enjoy a walk in the night market in the evening after dinner.
Early Morning: Laos is a Buddhist Country and in Luang Prabang, a temple sits besides a French colonial building, making it a very special fusion. We would wake up before the dawn and set out to witness the Alms Giving Ceremony. You would be seated on a plastic stool with a Kilo of home cooked sticky rice in a special bamboo basket. As the monks pass you, small portions of rice need to place in their bowl. As the sun comes up it feels very holy seated outside the temple and witnessing the many monks walking silently. Return to the Hotel for breakfast.
Afternoon: The Elephant Village experience is truly unique, as you would be first briefed about how the Centre takes care of the rescued Elephants from the South of Laos where they are used in the Logging Industry. We would then ride on the Elephants without the 'Howdah', which is a wooden enclosure place on the back. We will directly ride on the neck of the Elephant and as the mighty creature walks downhill to the River and inside the water, it is quite an adventure. The Mahout who rides behind would get down and let you be with your elephant alone for some time. Walk up to the camp back and then after enjoying a locally prepared lunch overlooking the lovely Nam Khan River, we walk down again to take part in the Elephant Bathing. Later you can choose to walk in the jungle to meet Maxi, the baby elephant that was born in the camp. After some late afternoon rest, we would set out for our last evening together.
Evening: The evening would await us on the Mekong in a traditional long boat as the sunsets beautifully behind the mountains and as we come downstream, we will turn the engine off our boat and just be with the setting sun in peace with only the sound of the river to accompany.
After breakfast, we will then set out to visit the Royal Palace, the Royal temple and climb the steps of the Wat Xienthong; the most beautiful of the temples in Luang Prabang. We will also visit a paper village for some last minute souvenirs made from art paper. After lunch we will bid good bye to our Laos experience as we board the flight back to Mumbai.
The Laos Visa is on arrival and you would only need to have a passport with a minimum of 6 months validity from the date of arrival.
Everyone is needed to have 3.5 x 4.5 cm photo on arrival.
Do not hesitate to give us a call. We are an expert team and we are happy to talk to you.
+91 (22) 4074 7676
Monday to Saturday (10 am - 7 pm)


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To view information about a specific area, click on the relevant link below:
Clifton Power Scheme
John Heathcote owner of the Clifton Estate between Manchester and Bolton was experiencing problems with his coal mine at Clifton. It was totally drowned out and therefore could not be worked. On his wedding day he heard about Brindley's great ability and made a mental note that maybe Brindley could help him. Time went by and eventually Heathcote did send for Brindley, who then considered the problem of the flooded mine. After studying the plans of the Clifton Estate and the mine for a while, Brindley came up with a solution. His plans were accepted as feasible and after doing a survey, Brindley carried out the scheme in 1752 and the project was completed four years later in 1756.
Brindley constructed Ringley Weir and from above this he created a tunnel for the water to flow through. When the water reaches the river Irwell, a vertical pit goes down through a siphon under the bed of the river. It then goes back up to ground level on the other side and along an open channel till it enters the side of the hill and ends in a large chamber where there is a water wheel. Over this length described the river Irwell falls 35 feet, which produced enough power to drive the overshot 30-foot diameter wheel. The powerful river Irwell produced enough energy for Brindley to harness and to use to drive a set of pumps that cleared the mines of water and kept them clear.
In 1867 (after 111 years of use) the water wheel was replaced by a water turbine and this was used until a steam pump took its place in 1924. Wet Earth Colliery was closed down in 1929.
This project led to Brindley proving himself to be the leading engineer at that time who was not only able to conceive and plan a project, but could also follow it through to completion. No wonder Brindley was nicknamed 'The Schemer'!
Corn Mill at Leek
In 1752, James Brindley rebuilt the Leek corn-mill that lies on the river Churnet. The diameter of the water-wheel is 16 feet and it is an 'under shot' type. This means that the drive water passes underneath it.
The ground floor of the mill contains the gear wheels that transmit power from the waterwheel to the millstones on the first floor. Also on the first floor is a stone with the inscription T.I. 1752 J.B. confirming that the mill was designed and built by Brindley. The identity of T.I. is not known for sure but is most likely to be the initials of the man for whom the mill was constructed.
Corn was ground in the mill until 1944. It was then used as a saw-mill and a garage despite part of it being demolished just after the war for street widening. In 1968 the building was classified as a designated Ancient Monument and it is now listed by English Heritage as of historic importance. The Brindley Preservation Trust (which was set up in 1970) purchased the mill in 1972 and began the process of restoration, which was completed in 1974. It is now a museum that demonstrates Brindley's work both as an architect and as a millwright.
Windmills and Watermills
In 1758 Brindley constructed a windmill at 'The Jenkins', near to where the Burslem Town Hall is now located, for Messrs J and T Wedgwood. Up until this point in time powder was made from calcined flints by pounding them manually in a mortar. As the use of this powder was becoming increasingly popular, Brindley designed this windmill (using revolving arms) to grind the flints into a paste when the flints were put in and covered with water. The reason behind using water in the process was that this eliminated the dust-choked atmosphere that has dangerous consequences. As well as the grinding, the mill also powered a pump in order to obtain the water needed for the process.
Unfortunately, when this mill at the Jenkins was first set in motion, the sails were blown off during a high wind! This was one of Brindley's setbacks, but he soon corrected the problem and the mill was worked for many years. The process was so satisfactory that he was called upon by many other people to erect both windmills and watermills. These other mills were constructed in a variety of locations including Trentham, Wheelcock, Metherso, Ashbourne (1755-1757), Tatton, Abbey Hilton, Codan, Congleton, and Leek Corn Mill.
The mill at Congleton was to be built by Johnson with the help of Brindley. Brindley received all his directions verbally and was never allowed to see the plans as he was considered by Johnson to be a common millwright. Time proved that Johnson was incapable of completing the work, and the proprietors turned to Brindley for help. Johnson still withheld the plans from Brindley and he therefore started from scratch and designed and built the mill himself. He even made special machines for making the tooth-and-pinion wheels, which had always previously been cut by hand. Brindley even added a few improvements to the mill that led to the proprietors being very content with his work.
Brindley's notebooks indicate that even during his canal activities he continued to be busy with mills and other mechanical devices. However, due to the amount of work Brindley did in the area of canals and waterways these other activities were somewhat overshadowed.
Steam Engines
The pumping of mines needed a steady amount of power and therefore harnessing the forces of wind or water would not suffice. In 1712, Thomas Newcomen constructed the first steam engine near Dudley. Since then other people had built steam engines of increasing power and now it was Brindley's turn! It appears that he made his first one in 1756 for Mr Thomas Broad of Little Fenton for a colliery there. He was following established practices and it can therefore be assumed that it worked well just like the other engines of the time.
Brindley proceeded to attempt to build a steam engine at Fenton Vivian (commissioned by Miss Broad) that lost less heat and was therefore more efficient. He did this by constructing the cylinder out of wood, which is a non-conductor. This engine began its working life on the 19th March 1758 and was supposedly successful in that coal consumption was down by half of that of other engines. However, on the 21st April 1758, about a month after being in use there was a complete breakdown as the wood could not stand up to live steam. We are not exactly sure what happened to this engine, but seeing as it was still in use two years later, the wooden cylinder and piston were probably replaced by cast-iron ones.
Brindley also carried out other experiments on boilers. One of these experiments was to construct the boiler out of wood with an internal cast-iron fire-box. This did not work and he then went on to build a boiler made on the arched principal of brick or stone, with the internal fire-box. This was patented on 26 December 1758.
Amongst Brindley's engines are the ones that he made in 1759 at Bedworth, Cheadle and Little Wyrley.


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Words and pictures by James Wallis
Year of win: 1988 Designer: Klaus Teuber Number of players: 3-4 Playing time: 45 minutes Worthy winner? Debatable Worth playing now? If your taste is quirkyAvailability: The Mayfair Games re-release is still out there Price: Around £20
The history of the Spiel des Jahres, the most celebrated board game prize in the world, at least in its early years, is the history of two legendary game designers. One of them is Wolfgang Kramer, who still holds the crown for most wins and who in 1988 was riding high on the first ever back-to-back wins – in 1986 for the great Heimlich & Co., and in 1987 for the less great Auf Achse. He had been nominated again, this time for the crowdpleasing Forum Romanum. It looked like a hat trick could be on the cards.


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Flowers, like the salvia this hummingbird is feeding from, and hummingbird feeders can attract clouds of these fascinating little birds. Handmade in steel from an original design and hand-rusted. Mount this silhouette on the top of a fence or wall in your garden, a tree branch, a windowsill, or to the rail of your deck. Use it as a unique accent to a planter, the top of a door, a fireplace mantel, or other interior design. Also available as a stake at S921.
SKU# B769 Dimensions: 6 x 7.5 x .5 in.


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Almond Pistachio Baklava
Prep time :
Bake/Cook time :
Yield :
12-15 servings
- 1/2 package (8 oz.) phyllo dough, thawed
- 1 stick (1/2 cup) unsalted butter
- Pinch salt
- 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
- 1 1/4 cup slivered almonds
- 1 1/4 cup pistachio pieces
- 1/4 teaspoon cinnamon
Honey Syrup
- 1/3 cup water
- 1/2 cup Imperial Sugar Extra Fine Granulated Sugar
- 2 teaspoons lemon or lime zest, no white bitter pith
- 1 tablespoon lemon or lime juice
- 1/4 cup honey
- Thaw phyllo dough according to manufacturer's directions.
- Preheat oven to 350°F.
- Set aside a 9 x13 inch pan, preferably lined with parchment paper. Leave paper hanging over edges.
- Melt butter. Add salt and vanilla; set aside.
- Chop almonds and pistachios into small pieces, add cinnamon; set aside.
- Open phyllo dough and cut crosswise in half. Place a phyllo sheet onto pan and brush with a thin coat of melted butter. Phyllo will not cover entire surface of pan.
- Add another phyllo sheet and brush again with melted butter. Repeat until you have obtained 4-5 sheets. Do not worry if some phyllo sheets tear apart, just patch them.
- Brush stack with melted butter and sprinkle with several tablespoons of chopped nuts. Press firmly.
- Cover and repeat with layering phyllo while brushing each sheet with melted butter. After 4-5 sheets, sprinkle with more nuts.
- Repeat process until all phyllo and nuts have been used.
- If using parchment, paper lift baklava sheet out of cookie pan. Cut in desired shapes using a sharp knife. Return to pan. Without using parchment paper it is best to cut inside pan.
- Place in oven and bake until golden, about 45 minutes.
- To make Honey Syrup: In a saucepan, bring water and sugar to a boil for 5 minutes. Remove from heat and add citrus juice and honey. When cold add citrus zest.
- Upon removal from oven, brush baklava with syrup. Sprinkle with some additional nuts and citrus zest if desired.
- Do not wrap baklava as it would get soggy.
Shout Out To Our Baking Friends
:: Ssierra :: Linda D :: Debsafan :: Shannon Condor :: Judy V :: angela c :: Tabitha :: tbiggers66 :: jdiaz :: THERESA :) :: Leah G :: Dale Cafe :: LoLo :: Marian H :: teezzee :: JHale :: Helene Moffatt :: Jan E :: Denise D :: aellis


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1. Take action now and avoid procrastinating wherever possible
2. Develop a positive attitude and look for the good in things
3. Set priorities and work according to a plan
4. Complete a task fully - instead of jumping to too many things at once
5. Pay attention to detail
6. Be totally professional at all times
7. Provide service… service… service…
Business and Self-Development Tips
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No text may be copied or used without the permission of L.A.K. Creations & Consulting


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Our best seller Trendex® Comfort is now available with extendable legs on the front. This means the chair can any type of bottom, gradient, etc. The legs are on all lengths can be locked in place. The TRENDEX® Comfort is now also available with telescopic legs. Just Fine to adjust any ground Level to your comfort of seating. Material: 100% Polyester Top): 90% Neoprene 10% Nylon Dimensions: • Seat (W x D): 39 x 47 cm Back Height: 68 cm Load capacity: at least 110 kg Item number 91 – 160 13For Trendex comfort is now available with extendable legs on the front. So can be adjusted the chair any type of bottom, gradient etc. The legs are on any adjustable length.
Seat back 68 cm
Seat area 39 x 47 cm
Material: 100% Polyester Top): 90% Neoprene
Weight Load at least 110 kg
Behr Trendex Comfort Telescopic Plus Fishing Chair Fishing Chair-Chair Carp Chair


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Our Xtreme 12,500lb winch and mobile winch mount combo is a great add-on to your utility truck, trailer or weekend warrior that needs a winch for added confidence while out in the mud, snow, sand or swamps. With a fully waterproof winch, this Xtreme model recovery winch will last for years to come and provides trouble-free reliability day after day. The mobile receiver hitch winch mount has adjustable handles to accommodate any size winch, comes with a hitch pin and is fully powder coated for a long-lasting finish.
Our Xtreme winch comes complete with steel cable, roller fairlead, snatch block, wireless remote and a hand control for operating your winch in/out. The Xtreme 12,500lb winch also has a convenient free spool mode which allows for attaching the hook to your load/anchor point quickly without having to run the winch out prematurely heating up the motor.
Winch & Mobile Mount Combo Kit Includes:
- Winch w/ all necessary hardware & electrical
- Adjustable mobile receiver hitch mount w/ handles & hitch pin
- Remote Control with 12 ft Cable
- Wireless remote
- Mounting Hardware
- 8-ton snatch block
- Free spool control
- 92′ of steel cable
- Clevis hook
- Power in & out
- 6′ of Pos/Neg Electrical Cables
- 4-Way Roller Fairlead
For more information, go to http://www.P65Warnings.ca.gov


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Indiana is Heading to The Pinstripe Bowl to Face Duke/
Written By Sammy Jacobs (@Hoosier_Huddle)
Pack your jackets! For the first time since 2007 the Indiana Hoosiers football team will be playing a game in December. It was announced Sunday evening that the Hoosiers will head to New York City to participate in the New Era Pinstripe Bowl at Yankee Stadium. The Hoosiers will face a 7-5 (4-4) Duke team that finished fourth in the ACC-Coastal. This will be the Hoosiers 10th ever bowl game, they are 3-6 in the previous nine.
Indiana University President Michael McRobbie said, "
"All of us at Indiana University are delighted that our football team has earned a well deserved bowl berth, which reflects the strong performance and hard work of our players and coaching staff, the dedication and support of our fans, and the very encouraging progress our program has made this season, We're excited to be playing in New York City and at hallowed Yankee Stadium, which will certainly make for a most memorable holiday season experience for our many Hoosier alumni and friends residing in the region. And we're particularly pleased to be competing against a fellow member of the Association of American Universities (AAU), which has as members the nation's 60 leading research universities."
Indiana head coach Kevin Wilson expressed his pleasure stating, "I'm happy and pleased for our players and excited for the opportunity to continue to improve our program" Indiana head coach Kevin Wilson said. "We are looking forward to playing an outstanding opponent in Duke. It will be a great trip for our kids and nice to play in front of our large alumni base in the New York City area."
The Pinstripe Bowl will be held at Yankee Stadium on December 26th at 3:30pm. The game will be televised on ABC.
For more information on tickets IU fans can go to IU Sports Tours


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Happy Holidays fancy people! Ashley here, your resident financial novice, back for another week of asking Wela COO Eddie Goepp all my burning questions.
So I was reading about dividends the other day. I knew, generally, what they were and I remember that, for a long time, I thought that's how people made money in the stock market. Here's the definition of dividends from my Investing For Dummies book:
Dividend: a distribution of a portion of a company's earnings, decided by the board of directors, to a class of its shareholders. Dividends can be issued as cash payments, as shares of stock, or other property.
This led me to this week's question. Let's get to it.
Dividends sound awesome! Why don't people invest all their money in dividend-paying stock?
Eddie's answer
You're right, dividends are awesome! This is a great question because there are many people who do invest largely in dividend paying companies. Dividends are simply a distribution of a company's earnings to its shareholders. This means that any company can choose to be a dividend payer, regardless of what industry they're in. It's a way that companies attract new investors and keep their existing investors happy.
The reason why most people don't invest only in dividend payers is because most dividend paying companies don't have high growth potential. So an investor with a high risk tolerance and high growth objectives may be more inclined to invest in a growth oriented company over a dividend paying company. Also, dividend payers are stocks, which fall on the growth side of the investment allocation. In order to get properly allocated, you'll want to look at adding some bond exposure to your portfolio. Bonds act as a rudder in the storm…so when equity markets get volatile, bonds should be a stabilizer.
Bottom line: Dividend paying companies are great investments to have in your portfolio, but many investors will want to have exposure to more than just dividends.


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A Piyush, India-based event manager and engineer, was arrested by officials from the Special Task Force of the Prohibition and Excise department (STFPE) and the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) for utilizing a dark web marketplace to purchase and distribute drugs including LSD from and to India, the Netherlands, Britain and Germany.
In an interview with local Indian publications, Excise Deputy Commissioner C. Vivekananda Reddy stated that Piyush actively engaged in the distribution of LSD after he lost his job as an engineer amidst the country's recent financial crisis.
In November of 2016, Indian prime minister Narendra Modi officially demonetized 500 and 1,000 banknotes as a part of a larger initiative to decrease criminal activities in the country. However, the demonetization of the two banknotes led to a nationwide financial turmoil, with 90 percent of the country's ATMs not being able to provide cash for Indian residents to cover day-to-day expenses.
Vivekananda noted that Piyush became addicted to LSD since he was a university student and ordered the drug through dark web marketplaces that operated in the Netherlands, Britain and Germany. As Piyush began to gain access to large amounts of illicit drugs and LSD, he started to distribute LSD throughout India as a supplier.
"Later he got addicted to LSD, which he used to procure it from the Netherlands, Britain and Germany through the internet. Later, he turned into a drug peddler. Piyush lost his job during demonetisation. He studied the mental state of those who consume narcotics and started procuring alternative drugs like Viagra and anti-depression drugs. By mixing such drugs and tablets, he prepares a blotting paper that is as effective as LSD," Vivekananda said in an interview.
At first, Piyush acquired large amounts of LSD blots through marketplaces in Europe. Instead of utilizing cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Monero–an anonymous cryptocurrency used by the now-defunct dark web marketplace Alphabay–Piyush utilized his bank account the India-based ICICI bank to cover expenses for the drugs and delivery.
Piyush then experimented with the LSD blots delivered from Europe, selling them to local suppliers in India. He also tried to distribute LSD crystals across the country, ordering batches of LSD crystals from a dark web marketplace in the Netherlands, this time with bitcoin.
In a raid, officials seized 80 blots of LSD, 2,746 strips of concocted chemicals, 20 grams of marijuana and 40 grams of undisclosed powder.
The Special Investigation Team (SIT) of Enforcement Wing of Prohibition and Excise (P&E) department was particularly focused on taking down the operation of Piyush because he was targeting young students from schools and colleges in Hyderabad. In a previous report, the SIT of P&E revealed that students as young as 13 years old were purchasing drugs from the dark web.
Since the report of the SIT was published, local authorities have begun to take necessary steps to decrease drug usage amongst young students in India. Over 50 schools and colleges were issued notices and parents were required to prevent students from buying drugs.
Local law enforcement agencies and authorities also tightened their investigations into drug trafficking and distribution after some officials including Satyendra Kumar Singh, an investigator with the Ahmedabad division of India's Narcotics Control Bureau, were caught stealing drugs and Bitcoin from dark web drug investigations.


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MyGEOMap from MyCRM enhances productivity and delivers extended business value through data visualisation. A subscription based service that fully integrates Bing Maps with Microsoft Dynamics 365.
Enhance your selling power with Bing Maps
MyGEOMap, is fully integrated with Bing Maps inside Dynamics 365, allowing you to create multiple maps and multiple layers on a map based on saved views in Dynamics 365 CRM. Using a unique geocoding service, all your current and future Accounts, Leads, Contacts and any custom entities will have a location calculated by the content of their address fields.
You will be able to create maps to show the location of all your active Accounts, Cases, Leads and customise your 365 forms with a map to show record information by location.
Included is the feature to build marketing lists by drawing multiple boxes, run quick campaigns or even pass the query to advanced find. You can plan routes for customers or points on the map, build up driving directions and find customers along a route.
All this and so much more, bought to you by the power of MyGEOMap and Bing Maps.
All MyCRM productivity enhancements are subscription based


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Certified Associate Leadership and Executive CoachTBC
Imagine attending a Coaching Master Class which is based on proven Neuro Science Coaching Methodology (Designed by top Neuro scientists and researchers from UCLA, Harvard, Berkeley, Duke etc.), Neuro Linguistic Programming (Recent updated work and understanding of conscious and unconscious brain), plus Neuro Nexus – The missing link, the cutting-edge Coaching tools. This program content is approved by International Coach Federation (ICF)
The learning objectives of the program are as follows:
- Become aware of the ICF Coaching competencies, ethics and standards, practice and apply them during while Coaching or having coaching discussions with prospective coaching clients.
- How to establish coaching agreements with clients, which keeps the coaching process transparent.
- Learn how to develop coaching plan with clients, setting up accountability process, monitoring ongoing coaching progress, and setting up a process to stop the coaching process if required.
- Learn coaching skills, as per the various ICF competencies, and develop further in terms of how to get most of the clients, and facilitate the process to get results.
- How to establish transparent and flexible coaching relationship with clients, while ensuring mutual respect, trust and supportive environment to work together in Coach-Coachee relationship.
- Facilitate coaching process for clients by asking powerful questions, demonstrating active listening, and exploration of solutions.
- Help in facilitation of setting the actions for continuous learning and moving towards the desired results set by clients.
- Introduction to Coaching and how to frame Coaching session
- Conversational Coaching Model
- SCORE Coaching Model
- Neuro Science of engagement
- Neuro Science of States and Wellbeing
- Managing conflict (Personal and Business)
- Well defined outcomes and how to achieve them using Pain/Pleasure concept
- States and how to get into resourceful states
- Walt Disney Strategy for Goals
- Logical Levels of Change
- Visual Squash
- Coaching using Timelines
- Wellness Vision Planning
- TFAR Coaching Model
- Coaching using Reframing
- How to set up Coaching Practice
- Tips on Coaching website and social media marketing
- Core Coaching Tool
Program Description:
Certified Associate Leadership and Executive Coach
Certified Associate Leadership and Executive Coach workshop provides hands on learning to the participant to become an Leadership and Executive Coach. It enables the participants to learn the Coaching methodology where as a Coach they facilitate the clients to develop more rapidly and get more satisfying results, by facilitating the process where clients set goals, take actions, make better decisions, and make full use of their natural strengths, and inner resources. During the program participants learn framework that outlines a coaching process they can use with their clients (individuals, teams), and will practice coaching competencies through one-to-one practice, and experiential group exercises.
This course is developed for
You will be able to differentiate between and among mentoring, facilitating, consulting, teaching and coaching, and will also gain the skills needed to coach. A key part of this course focuses on developing an understanding of the Professional Coaching skill set and the value of honing these skills to serve individuals as a Professional Coach.


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Tamarind Guest House
Located in Scarborough, Tamarind Guest House offers en-suite accommodation with free WiFi access throughout and public parking facilities free of charge. The property features a terrace and lies 200 metres from Peasholm Park.
Rooms at Tamarind Guest House come with a flat-screen TV and tea and coffee making facilities. Each room includes a private bathroom fitted with either a bathtub or a shower. Free toiletries are provided in each of the rooms as well.
A cooked breakfast prepared use local produce is served every morning in the common breakfast area. A continental breakfast option is also offered.
The guest house is situated 1.6 km from The Spa Scarborough and 800 metres from Scarborough Open Air Theatre. Humberside Airport is 79 km away.
155 Columbus Ravine,


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Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
The infectious diseases below are prevented with the administration of the vaccines included in the National Immunisation Program.
To find out more information about the disease and what vaccine prevents it, please click on the image to be redirected to the Immunise Australia website.
For further reading on vaccine preventable diseases and vaccinations, please see our page Links to External Sites.


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View from the slopes of the Cordillera Negra to the highest tropical mountain worldwide (6768 m). The steep face of the lower northern summit was the source of two catastrophic debris avalanches: in 1962, the area of Ranrahirca (right bottom) was badly affected. In 1970, part of the avalanche even jumped over a hill and destroyed the town of Yungay, with thousands of fatalities. The site of the former town, Campo Santo, appears near the left central bottom of the image.
- Created
- Thursday 20 July 2017 by Martin Mergili (1732 visits)
- Region
- South America / Peru
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