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Sirius XM Holdings (NASDAQ:SIRI) posted reasonable growth in its latest quarter, but last week's conference call shed some light on the satellite radio provider's business.
Sirius XM also provided a glimpse of its future. Let's go over a few of the more interesting morsels said during the earnings call.
Raising the bar
Sirius XM posted results in the first quarter that exceeded our expectations for subscriber growth and position us well for continued outperformance in 2015. As a result, we are increasing both our subscriber and revenue guidance.
Once again, Sirius XM is raising its outlook. It goes without saying that the satellite-radio monopoly loves to issue conservative guidance that it can nudge higher as the year plays out. Investors aren't complaining since the stock has been one of the market's hottest stocks since bottoming out at $0.05 six years ago.
However, sometimes the market does get ahead of the expected upticks. It happened this time. Sirius XM's revenue guidance for all of 2015 went from $4.4 billion to $4.47 billion, but analysts were forecasting $4.49 billion ahead of the report.
The second time around
Our focus on the pre-owned car market is also paying off.
Sirius XM's growth continues to stem primarily from buyers of new cars with factory-installed receivers, but there's a meaty opportunity in the used car market. More cars are now hitting the resale market with Sirius or XM receivers, and Sirius XM has been striking deals with used car dealers and service centers to offer drivers of secondhand automobiles free trials of the service.
There are now 16,000 franchise and independent dealers handing over customer data to Sirius XM on folks buying preowned cars, and there are 7,000 dealers in the Service Lane program as folks come in to get service done on their vehicles with dormant satellite receivers.
It's working, and Sirius XM points out that the number of free trials it's been issuing to used car buyers is up 35% over the past year. They may never convert at the same rate as new car buyers. A lack of disposable income is a big reason why some bypass new cars. However, it's all incremental for Sirius XM.
Sirius XM is eating its own cooking
In the first quarter, we continued to return capital to our shareholders as we spent $534 million to acquire 144 million shares of our common stock. Year-to-date through Friday, this number reached about 180 million shares for $671 million. This means we removed about 3% of our shares outstanding so far this year and more than 20% of our outstanding shares since this program began just over two years ago.
Sirius XM knows that it's share count is gargantuan, resulting in gobs of profit that turn into a couple of pennies on the bottom line on a per-share basis. The important nugget for investors in that remark is that it has gone on to buy another 36 million shares since the end of the first quarter.
There's still a lot of open road out there
Vehicles in operation with SiriusXM installed reached 73 million, still only about 30% of the vehicles on the road.
Subscriber growth may be decelerating on a percentage basis, but it doesn't mean that we're closing in on peak satrad. As Sirius XM points out, less than a third of the cars out there currently have Sirius or XM receivers. That's a lot of upside, and it helps that 70% of all new cars hitting the market hit the showroom with factory-installed receivers.
One can counter that with just 27.7 million subscribers out of 73 million receivers it means that 62% of the folks driving around in cars with Sirius or XM receivers have decided it's not worth it. That's where marketing, education, and investment in content will come in.
SXM17 bears watching
I can't tell you how excited I am about this initiative. I've been hinting at it for the last four quarters in my quarterly earnings call comments that you were going to see us create our next platform around both streaming and satellite.
Sirius XM finally went public with a code name for a new platform that will combine satellite with smartphone or mobile Wi-Fi connectivity. Sirius XM is calling it SXM17 -- for now -- and it promises more details will be revealed later this year. The actual product may be a year or two away, but it seems as if Sirius XM wants to turn the connected car into an advantage instead of a threat.


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Name: Buck bumble soundtrack
File size: 190mb
Language: English
Rating: 3/10
11 Jul - 3 min - Uploaded by TengenMachine Heeey there, N64 nostalgia freaks! Here is the full soundtrack from everybody's favorite. 27 May - 50 sec - Uploaded by ssparrow Soundtracks (Music) from game Buck Bumble (N64) Composer - Justin Scharvona Developers. 5 Jun - 5 min - Uploaded by Vloud Leonhart Buck Bumble OST - Outpost. Buck Bumble OST - Outpost. Game. Buck Bumble;
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Buck Bumble is an action video game for the Nintendo 64 developed by British video game The games soundtrack was composed by Justin Scharvona and consists entirely of UK Garage and House music which at the time of the games. Buck Bumble (Video Game ) SoundTracks on IMDb: Memorable quotes and exchanges from movies, TV series and more. 29 Sep Lounge to the Bumble" (Buck Bumble) by Darby & Ian, released 29 September Right about now it's time to Right about now it's time to rock to the biggity Buck Bumble Ninja Gaiden The Definitive Soundtrack Vol. 1. "Buck Bumble Main Theme" by Justin Scharvona sampled Bobby Byrd's "Hot Pants (Bonus Beats)". Listen to both songs on WhoSampled, the ultimate database. 30 Sep The soundtrack for Buck Bumble was composed by Justin Scharvona. It is heavily influenced by UK Garage & House music, a genre that was.

subset: commoncrawl


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Ross Farm 160 Acres in Delisle, Saskatchewan
In 1913 this T.Eaton catalogue home was built just North of Swanson. In 1978 it was moved to it's current location and placed on a new concrete foundation. Over the years the owners have lovingly card for it's character features while improving it's comforts. 3 of the exterior walls have been stripped down to the studs, rewired, insulated and drywalled. A kitchen addition was added onto the 4th wall, a 24' x 28' garage was added and the exterior has been completely resided during the past few years. The home features a high efficiency furnace, central air, a 50' five inch drilled well with a stainless steel screen, iron filter and water softener. It has 3 bathrooms, 2 bedrooms, living room, dining room, kitchen, basement family room and loads of storage space.
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MY WAY TO OLYMPIA @ Berlinale
Niko's newest feature had it's highly celebrated opening at this year's Berlin Film Festival. MY WAY TO OLYMPIA opened to rave reviews from critics all across the globe. AUTLOOK world-sales picked it up and SENATOR will release the film in German cinemas.
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Vintage Pts for iPhoneFree
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read more +


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This decision has been reproduced in plain text only. If you wish to submit a copy of a decision as part of an appeal, please download a Word copy from the link below.
Commissioner's Case no: CIB 3586 1999
Mr Commissioner David Williams
1 I allow the claimant's appeal against the decision of the Newcastle upon Tyne social security appeal tribunal on 12 November 1998, brought by my leave. The decision of the tribunal was the decision of the adjudication officer was confirmed. That decision was that the existing entitlement of the claimant to incapacity benefit was reviewable on 24 April 1996 because she had left Britain on the previous day. On review, the claimant is not entitled to incapacity benefit from and including 24 April 1996. For the reasons given below, the decision was erroneous in law. I set it aside. I refer the case to a freshly constituted tribunal to determine the appeal in accordance with this decision, unless it is struck out in accordance with the direction at paragraph 27 below.
The claimant's entitlement to benefit under British law
2 The facts of this case are relatively straightforward, although the law is not. The claimant became incapable of work on 24 February 1996, although she last worked in October 1995. She was awarded and paid incapacity benefit. Her husband was also incapable of work. On 23 April 1996 they left Britain for the USA. In a claim made in July 1996 for benefit while abroad, the claimant said that she had left for an extended holiday/convalescent break. She was not sure when she would return but it might be September/October 1996. In January 1998, the claimant stated that she did not intend to return to Britain and had applied to stay in the USA. It was better for her husband's health. They were still there when the tribunal heard the case in November 1998, and she did not return to Britain for the hearing. The claimant had not worked since arriving. At all relevant times, she was neither employed nor self-employed. She was 45 when she arrived in the USA.
3 Section 113 of the Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992 disqualifies any individual who is absent from Great Britain from entitlement to benefit except where regulations provide otherwise. The relevant regulation here is regulation 2 of the Social Security (Persons Abroad) Regulations 1975.
The tribunal considered the application of this regulation. The adjudication officer submitted that, although the tribunal did not consider all questions that arose under that regulation, its failure to do so did not amount to an error of law. This was because it concluded that the claimant could not qualify under regulation 2(1) in any event. I agree with that submission. On the established facts, the decision of the tribunal is not erroneous in law by reference to what I would term the underlying British law.
The claimant's entitlement by reason of international agreements
4 Nonetheless, the appeal is supported by the adjudication officer. This is because no attention had been paid to any entitlement under the reciprocal international social security agreements concluded between the United Kingdom and the United States of America. Where there is a bilateral social security agreement, an Order in Council may make provision "for modifying or adapting" the United Kingdom's social security legislation "to such extent as may be required to give effect to the provisions contained in the agreement" : Section 179 of the Social Security Administration Act 1992.
5 An Agreement on Social Security between the Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of the United States of America was concluded in 1984 ("the 1984 USA Agreement"). It was incorporated into British law by the Social Security (United States of America) Order 1984, Statutory Instrument 1984 no 1817, together with a supplementary Administrative Agreement. The Order was amended by Statutory Instrument 1995 No 767 to provide that any reference to sickness or invalidity benefit was to include a reference to incapacity benefit. A Supplementary Agreement was concluded in 1996. It was incorporated by Statutory Instrument 1997 No 1778. The modifications incorporated by that Order came into effect on 1 September 1997. The Orders (in Article 2 in each case) modify the relevant Acts of Parliament "so as to give effect to the Agreement". I refer to these Agreements and implementing Orders together as "the USA Agreements" in this decision.
6 A bilateral social security agreement may affect the entitlement of a claimant to benefit in several ways:
• It may remove any discrimination against the claimant in the new state to which the claimant has gone on grounds of continuing nationality of the old state from which the claimant has left. I am unable to comment on any effect that might have in the USA in this case.
• It may provide for the continued payment in the new state of benefits to which the claimant remains entitled under the laws of the old state despite living in the new state. That does not apply here. (It is, in any event, a question of payability not entitlement.)
• It may provide entitlement under the laws of the new state by reference to deemed contributions in the old state. I am unable to comment on this as it involves entitlement under United States law.
• It may preserve any entitlement under the law of the old state that was otherwise lost because the claimant moved to the new state. This is the issue relevant in this case.
It may prevent claims in both states at once, or require that double claims be offset. That does not appear to arise here.
7 I discussed general issues about the effect to be given to reciprocal international agreements in CP 4679 1997 (star 84/98). While that related to the United Kingdom - New Zealand agreement, the general comments I made about interpretation and application of, and dispute resolution under, that agreement also apply to this agreement.
8 I directed the adjudication officer, in making a submission on this appeal, to address the question of any entitlement that the claimant might have under the USA Agreements. The adjudication officer submitted that there might be an entitlement, and the tribunal had erred in not considering it. In the view of the adjudication officer, it might arise under either Article 7 or Article 14 of the USA Agreements. Questions also arise about my jurisdiction to consider these issues. As I find that I have jurisdiction to consider Article 7, I deal with that issue in considering Article 14.
Article 7 of the US Agreements
9 The "Benefit provisions" of the USA Agreements, at the time that the claimant left Britain, are to be found in Article 7 of the 1984 Agreement and following. Until the Agreement was extended with effect from 1 September 1997 by the 1996 Agreement, Article 7 applied only to "an old age pension, a retirement pension or a survivor's benefit under the laws of the United Kingdom": Article 7 paragraph 2. Subject to any retrospective effect of the later amendment, the USA Agreements were not of assistance to the claimant in maintaining her claim for British incapacity benefit when she left. Because of section 113 of the Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992, she has no entitlement to incapacity benefit from and including the date she left, at least until 31 August 1997.
10 The adjudication officer rightly pointed out that Article 7 paragraph 2 was amended with effect from 1 September 1997 (by Article 6 of the 1996 Agreement). From that date, the Article also applies to "invalidity benefit". That includes incapacity benefit: Statutory Instrument 1995 No 767, Schedule 1. Had the claimant left Britain after that date with an existing entitlement to incapacity benefit, Article 7 paragraph 2 would have entitled her to receive the benefit in the USA while she "ordinarily resides in the territory of the United States, as if she were in the United Kingdom". The adjudication officer submitted that this provision would assist the claimant after it came into effect, but not before. This assumed a continuing underlying entitlement to British benefit that may not be there, and needs closer examination.
11 Article 7 paragraph 2, in the form in which it took effect on 1 September 1997, and in so far as it applies to the claimant, provides:
Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3 of this Article and the provisions of Article 14, a person who would be entitled to receive an old age pension, a retirement pension, a survivor's benefit or invalidity benefit under the laws of the United Kingdom if [she] were in the United Kingdom shall be entitled to receive that pension or benefit while [she] ordinarily resides in the territory of the United States, as if [she] were in the United Kingdom.
Article 7 paragraph 3 (increases in pensions) is not relevant here. Article 14 is noted below.
12 The new form of Article 7 paragraph 2 helps the claimant if she "would be entitled to receive ... invalidity benefit ... if she were in the United Kingdom" while "she ordinarily resides in the territory of the United States". It applies to invalidity benefit and not sickness benefit, and therefore to long-term incapacity benefit and not short-term incapacity benefit. The purpose of the provision is to protect recipients of long-term incapacity benefit in the same way as recipients of retirement pension are protected by the Article. Continuing entitlement (for example for long term disablement) is implicit. The paragraph replaces a requirement of residence or presence in Britain with a requirement of residence in the USA .
13 The problem in this case is that the rule did not operate throughout the claimant's absence from the United Kingdom. She lost her entitlement to incapacity benefit when she left Britain, and she is not therefore entitled to long-term incapacity benefit thereafter. If we treat the claimant as notionally returning to Britain on 1 September 1997, she would still have no entitlement to long-term incapacity benefit until, first, she claimed the benefit and, second, she met the requirements for long-term benefit. I therefore do not consider that the claimant is someone who "would be entitled" on the basis provided for incapacity benefit in Article 7 paragraph 2 when it came into effect for that benefit.
14 The only express transitional provision in the 1996 Agreement is in Article 2. This provides that the Agreement "shall not result in any reduction in the amount of a benefit to which entitlement was established prior to its entry into force." That does not assist the claimant. Consequently I conclude that, regardless of any issues that might arise about ordinary residence in the United States, the claimant has no entitlement under Article 7 either before or after amendment.
Article 14 of the USA Agreements
15 The adjudication officer also raised a possible alternative basis of entitlement under Article 14 paragraph 2. Article 14 was also amended by the 1996 Supplementary Agreement. The post-1997 version of Article 14 provides that:
1. The provisions of paragraphs 2 to 5 of this Article shall apply to claims for invalidity benefit under the laws of Great Britain, Northern Ireland or the Isle of Man.
2. A person who has satisfied the first contribution condition for sickness benefit as defined in Article 1 using contributions under the laws of Great Britain, Northern Ireland or the Isle of Man only, who is in the territory of the United States and is not subject to the laws on coverage of Great Britain, Northern Ireland or the Isle of Man under Articles 4, 5 or 6 of this Agreement, shall be entitled to receive invalidity benefit under the laws of Great Britain, Northern Ireland or the Isle of Man provided that:
(a) the second contribution condition for sickness benefit under the laws of the United Kingdom is satisfied using relevant periods of coverage under the laws of the United Kingdom and, if necessary, the United States, and
(b) the person is incapacitated for work and has been so incapacitated throughout the qualifying period for invalidity benefit, in which case the person shall be treated as if sickness benefit followed by invalidity benefit, under the laws of Great Britain, Northern Ireland or the Isle of Man, had been paid throughout that period of incapacity.
For the purposes of sub-paragraph (a), a person will be considered to meet the second contribution condition if he is credited with quarters of coverage under the laws of the United States in the last 2 complete contribution years before the relevant benefit year. The relevant Competent Authority of Great Britain, Northern Ireland or the Isle of Man will reallocate any quarter of coverage credited to a person under the laws of the United States within a calendar year to calendar quarter within that year if it is needed to satisfy the second contribution condition in a relevant contribution year, as long as it has not been used to satisfy the second contribution condition in any other relevant contribution year.
The rate of the invalidity benefit payable shall be that which would be paid under the laws of Great Britain, Northern Ireland or the Isle of Man without the application of this Agreement unless a disability benefit under the laws of the United States is in payment, whether or not under the provisions of this Agreement, in which case the rate of invalidity benefit payable shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 3 of this Article.
16 The form of Article 14 that applied before the amendments taking effect in 1997 was more restrictive. The adjudication officer submitted that the claimant may have entitlement under this article since 1 September 1997, but would not appear to be assisted by the earlier version of the Article. I am in broad agreement with that submission, but it raises two separate jurisdictional issues.
Contribution questions
17 The first jurisdictional issue is that any questions about British contribution conditions are no longer questions for the Secretary of State, but are for the Inland Revenue and tax tribunals under the Social Security Contributions (Transfer of Functions, etc.) Act 1999. That Act applies to decisions relevant to section 179 of the Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992 as it does to decisions under the general provisions of the Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992. The 1999 Act amended section 179 to allow effect to be given to international agreements under the section: Social Security Contributions (Transfer of Functions, etc.) Act 1999, Schedule 7, paragraph 15.
Decisions against which no appeal lies
18 The second jurisdictional issue is that the application of Article 14 paragraph 2 requires decisions of law or fact about coverage under the laws of the United States and may involve apportionment between British entitlement and entitlement in the United States of America. It therefore requires decisions or determinations of the Secretary of State using the provisions of the USA Agreements and the Administrative Agreement that supplements the working of the Agreement. This raises the question of whether and how far a tribunal or Commissioner may consider those questions on appeal.
19 Since the implementation of the Social Security Act 1998, the general rule is that decisions of the Secretary of State are open to appeal. But Schedule 2 to the Social Security Act 1998 lists decisions of the Secretary of State that are excluded from this general rule, and are not open to appeal. There are further exclusions in regulations. Paragraph 22 of Schedule 2 to the Social Security and Child Support (Decisions and Appeals) Regulations 1999 amends Schedule 2 to the Social Security Act 1998 by adding the following category of "decisions against which no appeal lies":
A decision of the Secretary of State made in accordance with an Order made under section 179 of the Administration Act (reciprocal agreements with countries outside the United Kingdom.
20 It is not entirely clear what is meant by "a decision ... made in accordance with an Order". It has long been accepted by the courts that the general approach to interpreting an ambiguous provision that purports to exclude a right of appeal is to interpret it restrictively. But it is also a well-established principle of interpretation of provisions that implement international agreements that the interpretation adopted should be purposive, and should be so far as possible consistent with the United Kingdom's international obligations. Those obIigations include the USA Agreements, and also the European Convention on Human Rights, and in particular Article 6 paragraph 1. This provides that:
In the determination of his civil rights and obligations ... everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal.
21 With these approaches to interpretation in mind, I note that the Order in Council in this case contains no relevant provisions. But the USA Agreements do.
Article 19 of the 1984 Agreement provides:
1. A written appeal to, or against, the determination made by the Agency of one Party may be validly filed with an Agency of the other Party. The appeal shall be dealt with according to the appeal procedures of the laws of the Party which has jurisdiction.
2. Any claim, notice or written appeal which, under the laws of one Party, must have been filed within a prescribed period with the Agency of that Party, but which is instead filed within the same period with the Agency of the other Party, shall be considered to have been filed on time.
Article 21 provides:
1. Disagreements between the two parties regarding the interpretation or application of this Agreement shall, as far as possible, be resolved through agreement of the Competent Authorities.
2. If a disagreement cannot be resolved by the Competent Authorities, it shall be submitted, at the request of either Party, for arbitration in accordance with the procedures to be agreed upon by the Competent Authorities.
Article 21 paragraph 2 was amended under the 1996 Agreement and now reads:
2. If a disagreement cannot be resolved through negotiation, the Competent Authorities will endeavour to settle the issue through arbitration, mediation, or other mutually agreed procedure.
22 It is clear that the parties to the USA Agreements contemplated appeals by individual claimants about matters to which the Agreements applied, because they made express procedural provision for them. Nonetheless, unless it is accepted that paragraph 22 is beyond the powers of the primary legislation under which it is made, effect must be given to it. My view is that effect can be given to it in a way that is consistent with the general principles noted above and is also consistent with the Agreements to which it relates. This is that paragraph 22 has effect only when the provisions of the Agreements are such that a decision of the Secretary of State is required "in accordance with" the Agreements, rather than under British law, to give effect to any entitlement. When this is so depends on the terms of each individual provision and on the underlying British law.
23 The wording of Article 7 paragraph 2 is that of entitlement. It treats a claimant as being in the United Kingdom if certain criteria are met. There is no issue of discretion or calculation, and no decision "in accordance with" the Order is required for it to operate. If a decision is needed to deal with the question, then it is by reason of British procedural law only and not by reason of the Agreement. Paragraph 22 does not exclude a tribunal or Commissioner considering the application of Article 7 paragraph 2.
24 The position of Article 14 paragraph 2 is not so clear. It also refers to entitlements, but it provides for aggregation of the rights of a claimant to long term incapacity benefit by reference to accumulated entitlements under both social security systems and then, if there is also entitlement under the United States system, apportionment of the liability to pay between the authorities responsible for those systems. All decisions under Article 14 paragraph 2 require one or more decisions or determinations from both the states parties. In this case, some of the relevant decisions can be made by reference to British law alone, some require that the Agreements be used, and some are decisions for the United States authorities. For instance, the decision whether the claimant is incapacitated for work would be made under section 171A of the Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992. It is not made "in accordance with the" the Agreements, and is subject to appeal to a tribunal or Commissioner. But a decision about coverage under the laws of the USA would involve a decision "in accordance with" the Agreements. So would any decision under Article 14 paragraph 3 about the rate of benefit following apportionment of liability. Those are decisions that are not subject to appeal by reason of paragraph 22.
25 The limited scope given to paragraph 22 in this way will, in my view, largely accord with the practicalities of operating an international agreement. Regardless of paragraph 22, a British tribunal or Commissioner has no jurisdiction to decide United States law or to consider the actions of the United States authorities. There is a procedure for that laid down in the Agreements. Any rights to challenge a determination by the United States authorities arise in the United States. In my view, the practical effect of paragraph 22 is therefore to limit appeals only against those decisions which directly involve reconciling any conflicts between the two systems. The effect in this case is to preserve a right of appeal where a claimant is claiming incapacity benefit under article 7, but to restrict it where the claim is made instead under Article 14 by reference in part to coverage under the United States system. It may be argued that even this restricted interpretation of paragraph 22 is not in accordance with the obligations under the Agreements themselves. For example, had the claimant sent her claim and appeal through the United States authorities rather than direct to the British authorities, she might have argued that the application of paragraph 22 to any resulting decision was a breach of Article 19 paragraph 1 of the Agreements, and therefore of the Order itself, if it precluded an appeal. However, that does not arise in this case and I leave it to be considered when it does arise.
My decision
26 This must go back to a tribunal but for limited reasons only. I summarise my directions to the new tribunal as follows:
26.1 The claimant is not entitled to incapacity benefit on and after 23 April 1996 by reference to British law alone. I accept and adopt the tribunal decision on this issue, including the question of reviewing existing entitlement. I direct the new tribunal to decide the appeal accordingly.
26.2 The claimant's claim is not assisted by Article 7 of the US Agreements at any date before 1 September 1997. Although the tribunal has jurisdiction to deal with the matter, I direct the new tribunal to decide the appeal accordingly.
26.3 Although an existing entitlement to incapacity benefit under British law would be assisted under the US Agreements on and after 1 September 1997, the claimant has no existing entitlement at that date and the Agreements do have retrospective effect. Article 7 of the US Agreements therefore does not assist the claimant's claim on or after that date. Again, the new tribunal has jurisdiction, but I direct it to decide the appeal accordingly.
26.4 Article 14 of the US Agreements may assist the claimant. I refer that issue to a new tribunal. But the tribunal should note that it is only competent to decide a limited number of the issues that arise under that Article, as discussed in paragraph 24 above.
26.5 The tribunal is to consider the appeal from the date of claim down to the date of hearing, unless there is a decision on a subsequent claim or application for review, or some other circumstance, that supersedes the current claim at an earlier date.
27 The Secretary of State is directed to consider any entitlement that the claimant may have under Article 14 paragraph 2 either before or after 1 September 1997 and to advise the new tribunal accordingly. If the Secretary of State finds that the claimant is not entitled to any benefit under Article 14 paragraph 2 because she does not satisfy the coverage provisions, and the Secretary of State advises the tribunal and claimant accordingly, then the appeal may be considered for striking out under regulation 46 of the Social Security and Child Support (Decisions and Appeals) Regulations 1999 as an out of jurisdiction appeal.
David Williams
14 March 2000
Incapacity benefit - entitlement under United Kingdom -United States Agreements - limitations on jurisdiction to consider entitlements - Social Security and Child Support (Decisions and Appeals) Regulations 1999, Schedule 2 paragraph 22.
This decision considers the entitlement of a claimant for incapacity benefit under both Article 7 and Article 14 of the reciprocal agreements with the USA both before and after the amendments on 1 September 1997.
It considers how far a tribunal and Commissioner are deprived of jurisdiction to consider such issues by paragraph 22 of Schedule 2 to the Social Security and Child Support (Decisions and Appeals) Regulations 1999. It adopts a restrictive interpretation of paragraph 22. It notes the effect of the Social Security Contributions (Transfer of Functions, etc.) Act 1999 on decisions about the application of the Agreements.
14. 3. 2000
We support both claimants and professionals. These are just some of the organisations who have subscribed to Benefits and Work:
Royal College of Nursing | Birmingham CAB
Spinal Injuries Association | Coventry Mind
Chesterfield Law Centre | Colchester Borough Council
This decision has been reproduced in plain text only. If you wish to submit a copy of a decision as part of an appeal, please download a Word copy from the link below.


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- Read the article: PC World


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DENS (Hemel Hempstead)
Emergency night shelter - housing 10 people (over 18) for at least 30 nights and open 365 days a year. For referral contact the day centre on 01442 275900 (Monday to Friday 9:00 - 16:00) or the night shelter directly on 01442 800179 at all other times. From April 2015 they will be running a new, 41-bed hostel on behalf of the local council.
Day centre - provides advice and essential services including wash facilities and food. Open Monday to Thursday 11:30 - 14:00 and for pre-booked appointments Monday to Friday 9:00 - 16:30. It is situated at the entrance to Gadebridge Park on Queensway.
Herts Young Homeless (countywide)
Nightstop Herts provides emergency accommodation for 18-24 year olds in a volunteer host's home typically for 1-5 nights. Nightstop Herts work with the young person whilst in emergency accommodation to find move on accommodation. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Tel: 03333 202 384
Other services - HYH also offer a range of other services including advice / information and outreach support for 16 - 24 year olds. They also provide support relating to family mediation (up to age 24), education (up to age 21), substance misuse (16 -65 year olds) and mental health / substance misuse ( over 16 year olds).
New Hope (Watford)
New Hope provide a 24-7 emergency helpline 0300 012 0168. Their main office number is 01923 210680 and e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com.
Emergency night shelter - houses 14 people for up to 28 days. Referral is via the outreach team who can be contacted Monday to Friday 09:00 - 12:30 on 01923 810382.
New Hope House - dry hostel housing 10 people for 6 - 12 months. Residents must participate in 15 hours of meaningful activities a week (eg studying, volunteering).
Community Home - accommodation for 5 people who are homeless and suffering from alcohol addiction. For details contact 01923 334083.
Haven support centre - open Monday to Saturday 09:00 - 12:30 providing food and essential services. There is a mental health support service Monday to Friday 10:00 - 16:00. The centre is located at 4, Whippendell Road, Watford and can be contacted on 01923 801382.
Open Door (St Albans)
Emergency night shelter - has separate rooms and is open to over 18 year olds, 365 days a year. Referral is through relevant agencies or by calling into their drop-in (day) centre. For advice contact 01727 859113.
Day centre - provides lunch and support services. Open Monday to Friday 13:00 - 14:30.
YMCA (various locations)
This organisation has hostels available in Welwyn Garden City (01707 351400), Bishops Stortford (01279 838068) and Watford (01923 353600).
Day centres - YMCA operate so-called "space" day centres including one in Stevenage (1 Town Square) and others in Welwyn Garden City and Hatfield. These provide befriending and IT facilities as well as signposting local information.


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Go forward in time to July 2012.
Pattern languages and Form languages
In my last post, I said that I changed the Pattern Template page in the wiki to be more like a part of an evolving language, and less like a functional specification for a widget or group of widgets. Let's see what this means.
A functional specification is an awesome thing to have for when you are absolutely sure that you know the right way of building something. It's an extremely detailed plan, and the plan was hopefully written by someone who really knows what they are doing — by someone who has built that thing before a few times.
With software we often don't have such luxury — the "written" part if you don't have a spec, and the "by someone who has built that thing before" if you have no mentor or if you are writing something that hasn't been done before.
In that case, the most you can hope for is to look for nuggets of experience from people who have built similar things, and to look at the materials you have and the ways you can combine them to see if they are fit for your purpose.
There is a theoretical foundation for all of this, called...
During my talk at the Desktop Summit from last year, I briefly presented pattern languages and form languages. Please forgive me for recycling some material from there.
Look at two architectures and their differences:
China and Japan
Mostly wooden structures. Walls are wood and/or paper.
Roofs are sloping and curved, and they have clay tiles.
Each row of tiles has a decorative cap at the end.
Roofs don't have diagonal beams to support them; instead, there is a sophisticated system of brackets that "sprout" from the columns.
Walls are wood and clay, or brick and stone.
Glass windows. Note the blown glass on the old/rightmost window, vs. plate glass on the more modern bridge on the left.
Roofs are sloping and straight. They sometimes have clay tiles; they often have wooden shingles.
Roofs have diagonal beams to support them.
Despite these differences, both Germany and China/Japan had private houses, public buildings, kitchens, sleeping places, gardens, etc. - but they were built differently. They share the same functions and support the same social interactions, but their construction is different.
Quoting Two Languages for Architecture, by Nikos Salingaros:
The pattern language is a set of inherited tried-and-true solutions that optimize how the built environment promotes human life and a sense of well-being. It combines geometry and social behavior patterns into a set of useful relationships, summarizing how built form can accommodate human activities. The form language, on the other hand, is strictly geometrical. It is defined by the elements of form as constituted by the floors, the walls, the ceiling, the partitions, and all the architectural components or articulations, which together represent a particular form and style of building.
Now we can compare widget toolkits in an analogous way. Here are two familiar text editors:
If we were to extract a pattern called "multi-file text editor for programmers" from Kate and Gedit, we could look at what things work well — the things in these editors that the intended users appreciate and feel comfortable with. That big pattern could end up being composed of sub-patterns like "sidebar shows open files", or "cursor position as line/column numbers" (useful to locate compiler errors; not so useful in a word processor where paragraphs flow), or "highlight the text line being edited".
Those patterns would tell you why they refer to useful features; why their composition into the "text editor for programmers" pattern creates something truly comfortable.
However, we can see that the form language is different. Kate uses Qt and KDE's widget libraries; Gedit uses GTK+ and Gnome's paraphernalia. You can compose the pieces in each of those universes in very well-defined ways, but you can't build something out of both, at the same time, without doing something that Miguel would call "professional gymnastics".
A form language is about materials and how they can be shaped, joined, and combined together. Buildings with a wooden structure can be built in the German style as above (Western joinery; diagonal beams, wattle exterior walls, a certain set of proportions...), or in the Japanese style (Japanese joinery, proportions relative to standard-sized tatami mats...). But wooden buildings in general, regardless of style or tradition, will have to respect the properties of the material itself. Wood shrinks and expands with changes in humidity; you have to take that into account. Some types of joints are better than others depending on the direction of the stresses that the joined pieces will take.
And so it is with widget toolkits. GTK+ lets you compose widgets via containers in box or tabular layouts. Those layouts can do some things easily (e.g. deal with changes in widget size due to text translations), and they make other things annoyingly difficult (e.g. ensure that widgets align to a certain line when they are not direct siblings in the container hierarchy).
Definitely; I have digressed!
The point I'm trying to make is that form languages — the things that materials let you do according to their properties and to the traditions/standards for using them — need to be tied to pattern languages in order to build good things; in order to have an adaptive design method, as Salingaros calls it.
This is why I don't think a pattern language should try to standardize things like keybindings, widget positions, or particular widgets themselves. A pattern should contain the aspects that make a solution good for humans; the form language can standardize all it wants based on the materials to which it refers. We can certainly reference known forms from the patterns themselves, and we can even share parts of the form language across "materials": if you are writing a zooming view in GTK+ and one in Clutter, they can both use the same "zooming" pattern and the same standard keybindings from the form language, but they *will* have to use different idioms from the toolkits themselves.
Hopefully I'll have examples about this as I untangle some of the extremely detailed patterns that we have now.
I did some changes to the Pattern Template page on the wiki. This is the gist of my changes; I'll explain them below.
1. Added a "confidence level" line, which can be */**/***.
2. Added sections for super-patterns and sub-patterns. This lets us build the pattern language recursively up or down.
3. Make the pattern template look more like a part of an evolving language, and less like a functional specification for a widget or group of widgets.
I'll quote a bit from the introduction to A Pattern Language, which should help explain these changes. Boldface is mine.
In short, no pattern is an isolated entity. Each pattern can exist in the world, only to the extent that is supported by other patterns: the larger patterns in which it is embedded, the patterns of the same size that surround it, and the smaller patterns which are embedded in it.
This is a fundamental view of the world. It says that when you build a thing you cannot merely build that thing in isolation, but must also repair the world around it, and within it, so that the larger world at that one place becomes more coherent [...].
Each solution is stated in such a way that it gives the essential field of relationships needed to solve the problem, but in a very general and abstract way — so that you can solve the problem for yourself, in your own way, by adapting it to your preferences, and the local conditions at the place where you are making it.
For this reason, we have tried to write each solution in a way which imposes nothing on you. It contains only those essentials which cannot be avoided if you really want to solve the problem. In this sense, we have tried, in each solution, to capture the invariant property common to all places which succeed in solving the problem.
But of course, we have not always succeeded. The solutions we have given to these problems vary in significance. Some are more true, more profound, more certain, than others. To show this clearly we have marked every pattern, in the text itself, with two asterisks, or one asterisk, or no asterisks.
In the patterns marked with two asterisks, we believe that we have succeeded in stating a true invariant: in short, that the solution we have stated summarizes a property common to all possible ways of solving the stated problem. In these two-asterisk cases we believe, in short, that it is not possible to solve the stated problem properly, without shaping the environment in one way or another according to the pattern that we have given [...].
In the patterns marked with one asterisk, we believe that we have made some progress towards identifying such an invariant: but that with careful work it will certainly be possible to improve on the solution. In these cases, we believe it would be wise for you to treat the pattern with a certain amount of disrespect — and that you seek out variants of the solution which we have given, since there are almost certainly possible ranges of solutions which are not covered by what we have written.
Finally, in the patterns without an asterisk, we are certain that we have not succeeded in defining a true invariant — that, on the contrary, there are certainly ways of solving the problem different from the one which we have given. In these cases we have still stated a solution, in order to be concrete — to provide the reader with at least one way of solving the problem — but the task of finding the true invariant, the true property which lies at the heart of all possible solutions to this problem, remains undone.
I did some changes to the Pattern Template page on the wiki. The old page looked more like a template for patterns that were themselves functional specifications, or little technical manuals.
Continuing Gnome's Pattern Language
During the 2010 User Experience Hackfest in London, which I was a doofus not to attend, there was a lot of work done in planning the new Human Interface Guidelines for Gnome, and in particular turning it into a pattern language.
I have been doing some research on best practices for constructing pattern languages.
1. You start by exploring the space you want to pattern-ify, gathering little nuggets of information which seem obviously true, that feel good to yourself:
I really like this quiet spot where I can sit in the garden.
At my friend's house there is a convenient shelf by the front door, where he leaves his keys and wallet.
This window manager, that snaps edges of windows when you move them, feels just right.
Interactive search in Emacs is so fast and convenient.
You may not know why they feel good, but you are sure they do.
2. You try to figure out what it is that makes those things so pleasant. Are there other factors that contribute to them? Are there things without which they just wouldn't be complete? For the examples above:
The quiet spot is not too shady and not too sunny. I can lean back on a wall or the back of a bench. I can look at flowers or fruits from the tree that shades me. Somehow it feels safe to be here.
Not only his keys and wallet are there; in the house they seem to use that shelf for things they shouldn't forget when they go out the door next day. They have a little notebook to leave messages to each other. The shelf is not too big so it can't accumulate too much chaos. The shelf is at waist height, so you don't have to bend down to put things there.
Windows snap to each other's edges, but I don't have to fight a window loose if I want to move it away; it unsticks at the right time. The mouse never loses the window even if the window sticks. Resizing also snaps, making multi-window layouts quick and easy.
As soon as I hit the Search hotkey and start typing, the first textual match is highlighted. All other matches on the window are highlighted in a different color. I can hit the hotkey again to go to the next match, or go back with another key. I get told unobtrusively when the document ends and the search wraps around.
3. You recurse down. Are those things made out of smaller things?
Outdoor seat spots in general. Private spots in a garden. Fruit trees in special places, not just thrown around. A wall behind your back. These are all smaller patterns, each with their own reasons and conditions.
Waist-high shelves seem convenient not just at the front door, but in other high-traffic areas of the house as well. And that's it (atomic pattern).
Snapping to convenient points when dragging objects in general. The actual fine-grained behavior of snapping: do things "stop" when you reach the right spot, or do they "magnetize" when you are near the right spot? Can you make fine adjustments around a spot where things would normally snap? This seems to be a more general pattern than just for moving/resizing windows.
Quick access to frequently-used functions (the Search function). Highlighting relevant content. Easy navigation in a big document. Ease of getting into and out of a transient mode (there is no Search dialog that you need to open, and then close when you are done). Each of these seems like it could be a pattern for functions other than Search.
4. You recurse up to see if there are larger patterns that use your prototypal little pattern.
A garden should certainly have a quiet spot, and other things as well — ponds, aromatic herbs/flowers, bird baths, etc. So the "quiet garden spot" becomes a sub-pattern for many kinds of gardens. A public formal garden (which could use a maze), a private garden in a house (which could use water captured from your roofs), etc.
An entrance room in a house will benefit from a waist-high shelf, plus an ample door (for moving in furniture and big things), a coat hanger, things like that. Adapt it to the local conditions: do you need a shoe rack for dirty shoes? Do you have some sort of window on the door to see who is knocking?
While a window manager will benefit from well-implemented snapping, it will help to detail the actual behavior that snapping should have in various situations. Snapping shapes in a drawing program. Snapping to automatically-generated guidelines like in Google Sketchup. Snapping to chapters in a DVD when using the Seek bar. Snapping to commonly-used font sizes in a size slider.
If there were a pattern for document navigation, an Emacs-like search function would be a good idea — plus other things, like a sidebar with an outline for textual documents, or page thumbnails for a page layout program.
These are the articles on writing pattern languages which I found the most useful:
Lingua Francas for Design: Sacred Places and Pattern Languages, by Tom Erickson. He describes an earlier study where the town of Manteo, North Carolina, USA, made a list of important places in their town and the social interactions that happened in them. This helped them take really good decisions on how to improve the town, preserving what was good, and strengthening what was unloved. After this story, Erickson describes how this can be applied to interaction design. (By the way, Tom Erickson's page of Interaction Patterns is a catch-all of awesome.)
The Structure of Pattern Languages, by Nikos Salingaros. "This paper describes how to validate existing pattern languages, how to develop them, and how they evolve." It has some very nice diagrams of how patterns link to each other in a graph...
... how they form a hierarchy with patterns at different levels of scale, from the big ones to the small ones...
... and how patterns on one level help define a new pattern on a higher level.
Seven Habits of Successful Pattern Writers, by John Vlissides. Don't get put off by the *cough* clever title, this is actually quite good. It is a "don't panic" set of recommendations: get concrete early, iterate and test everything, take time to reflect.
Fine Points of Pattern Writing, by Richard P. Gabriel. It's a presentation on stylistic aspects of written patterns, technical writing, and presenting a coherent story with a pattern language. You can tell Richard is a poet by the detail he pays to wording.
You can ship cargo via sailing vessel and take training as a seaman!
I'm happy to be published again, in Silke Helfrich's anthology "Commons" (CC-BY-SA - EPub version), in an article by Nikos Salingaros and myself, "Peer-to-Peer-Stadtplanung: Aus Erfahrung lernen".
Go backward in time to May 2012.Federico Mena-Quintero <firstname.lastname@example.com> Tue 2012/Jun/12 11:43:45 CDT


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A home is the result of the home owner's arduous initiatives in locating the best balance between costs, layouts as well as areas. Creating a house that is personalized to suit a family members's demands calls for a lot of mindful forethought to include all the aspects that are needed without tilting the balance excessive.
One of one of the most substantial options making relating to developing a residence is the layout or the floor plan. No matter whether it is a mid-sized house, a penthouse or an independent house, the design or the layout depend a great deal on the way of living of the people that will certainly live in it. The option of structure type i.e. solitary storey or numerous storeys as well as layout to match the format of your house placing each location can be extremely requiring and demanding since the rooms have to go with the flow of your house; one location or area could not be positioned or positioned wrongly as it can greatly impact accessibility along with various other variables like lights, ventilation etc
. If the layout are being made by a specialist such as an engineer or engineer, the home owner has the advantage of experience as well as competence on his side. Nevertheless, no person understands the demands of a home far better than the home owner as well as a tailored style can be put together by the individual worried.
There are lots of tips and also tips to prepare customized floor plans. However some of the really fundamental as well as crucial ones must consist of –
– Picking a floor plan that shows the lifestyle of the owners – family size and age of the owners is an important variable. Families with little ones will favor to have the home grouped with each other in one area to have greater privacy and safety; on the other hand, teenagers are won't to need separate bedrooms to have their very own personal privacy. Any house layout must begin with these fundamentals.
– Official or casual areas – if the home owner is the type of person that has to captivate regularly, official rooms end up being a need. A sizable entrance hall with straight access to the official living as well as eating areas as well as the outside locations past is a nice layout. If there is sufficient room, formal and informal locations can be designed and also divided so that one does not intrude into the other, in this manner a family with more youthful kids can amuse guests as well as retain their privacy.
– Single floor or multiple floors – some people like to have an extravagant expand residence on one level while some may want to keep bed rooms on a different degree altogether. Besides, a double storey house designs offers much more views of the outdoors at different angles much better compared to a solitary floor residence.
– Capability of room – if there is an elderly person or void at home with requirement for additional space or young children who require more area around your house, these requirements need to be factored in. Making provision for family modifications while preparing floor plans is helpful even if the requirement is not prompt as future alterations as well as additions may not be possible always.
– What does it cost? outdoor excels – every residence floor plan will include an outdoor location, maybe an open patio, a pool, a garden umbrella with sitting etc. Making an analysis of just how much time will certainly be spent in these locations ought to be thought about prior to making the plans. Picture a pool that is never ever made use of and also looks unkempt and also dirty! Outdoors need a great deal of upkeep.


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1. Happy 150th Birthday, Origin of Species! – That's right. The little book that changed the world, single-handedly rendered even a deist god unnecessary, and made it truly possible to be an intellectually fulfilled atheist has just turned the Big 1-5-0! CNN's published a brief retrospective from Richard Dawkins. Suck it, Kirk Cameron!
Then again, CNN also published some creationist nonsense from Stephen Meyer. In his bio, they claim the Discovery Institute "supports research challenging 'neo-Darwinian theory' and supports work on the theory of 'intelligent design.' " Of course this isn't actually wrong because it never says the D.I. actually DOES any research; it just supports the idea of research. Of course cdesign proponentsists have yet to ever present a means of properly testing their claims or of showing any practical applications of their "research." And of course if you limit your "research" to a taking a specific position on a scientific argument, you've already exposed your bias. But let's not quibble over small details like that.
2. LHC creates its first collisions – They grow up so fast, don't they. It seems like only a year ago that people were freaking out that it's going to destroy the world and now our boy's all grown up and smashing shit. Before you know it, it'll be married and having its own baby colliders.
3. Study finds cannabis little more than placebo in cancer patients – This will no doubt come as an even bigger disappointment to the 4/20 crowd.
4. Iraq bribes citizens to get married – American conservative Christians pay attention. THAT'S TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE. But it's not just any marriage. The Iraqi government is trying to promote interreligious marriage specifically, which is almost kinda progressive when you think about it, as ill-conceived as the overall plan seems to be.
About a dozen mixed couples will take part in a mass wedding Friday and will receive their $2,000 gifts, Mohammed said. An additional 375 same-sect couples will join the celebration, but they'll receive $750, Mohammed said. The government wants to help those cash-strapped couples in getting their start, he said.
Did they say "same-sex" couples? Oops, my mistake. I misread it. But at least the government sees value in encouraging hetero-sect-ual relationships in an effort to heal tensions.
5. Michael Jackson's trapped in someone's womb! – That's what expecting parents Dawn Kelley and William Hickman see in Dawn's latest ultrasound. But even though you don't think it looks like Michael Jackson, they're not crazy. Even their six-year-old daughter agrees that it looks like Michael Jackson. And who'd know Michael Jackson better than a small child (That's right. I went there)? But I guess we won't know for sure until Dawn starts to feel the baby moon-walking.
6. Pennsylvania Avenue turns to Sesame Street to promote math and science –
To improve science and mathematics education for American children, the White House is recruiting Elmo and Big Bird, video game programmers and thousands of scientists.
I think we all know that The Count was born for this job.


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Insect Awareness:
Be Smart About Bugs
he great outdoors would be even greater if the insects didn't bite and the bees didn't sting. But they do. They await your family in picnic areas, in apple-picking orchards and in the underbrush. And insects are smart. But there are many ways you can outsmart them. Here is what you should know:
Know where insects are potentially troublesome
In North America, disease-carrying species are found predominantly in rural and wilderness areas. Check your destination. The websites of the
National Park Service
U.S. Forest Service
and individual parks and forests carry this information. It is also posted at their visitors' centers. Many state and Canadian provincial governments have similar websites.
Apply insect repellents to skin and insecticides to clothing
Safe, effective products are available that will greatly reduce your chances of being bitten. For an in-depth discussion of repellents and insecticides, see: "Insect Repellents: Choose Your Weapon."
Dress in long-sleeved clothing and long pants
Garments should fit snugly around neck, wrists, and ankles. Newer fabrics make long clothing less uncomfortable in hot weather. Avoid sheer tight-fitting garments; insects bite through them. Hats are also helpful.
Wear shoes and socks, and choose your colors carefully
Going barefoot or wearing sandals increases your vulnerability to bug bites. Many biting insects fly just above the ground. Shake clothes left on the ground before putting them back on. Light-colored clothing is less appealing to insects than darker clothes and makes insects more visible.
Make yourself unattractive to insects
Leave jewelry and shiny belt buckles at home. Don't use perfumes or other scented soaps and cosmetics.
Avoid insect-provoking activities
These include swimming after dusk, walking in thick underbrush, shaking bushes, and overturning rocks and dead trees. Don't lie directly on the ground; even lying on a blanket is somewhat protective.
Check little kids for bites if they exhibit unusual behavior
In children who don't talk yet, uncontrollable crying or other signs of distress can be a sign of severe itching or pain from an insect bite.
Know how to protect your family against bees, hornets, and wasps
Insect repellents don't deter bees, hornets, or wasps. Bites are common at picnics, while picking fruits and berries, or collecting wildflowers. To avoid being stung, cover as much skin as possible with clothing. These insects are particularly drawn to ripe fruits and sweet soft drinks. Keep picnic tables clean and food and beverages covered when not in use. In orchards, leave overripe items on the ground. In the autumn, avoid close contact with flowering trees, shrubs, and flowers where these insects collect
. Keep garbage covered.
Remain still around bees, wasps, and hornets
Swatting at them provokes them and increases the chances of being bitten. Walk away slowly. If you kill one, leave the area. The venom odor attracts others to the site.
If you are allergic to insect venom
Carry emergency epinephrine kits if you are allergic to insects. If you or a sibling or friend is allergic to insect stings, it is best to be accompanied by responsible adults when outdoors, just in case. Carry a cell phone to summon help if needed.
About Dr.
Link to Dr. Karl Neumann's Web site at


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Robotics is the future!
In this workshop, we will be teaching about ARDUINO and its integration with different sensors and actuators. Arduino is an open-source prototyping platform which is easy-to-use for beginners and yet very flexible and powerful for advanced users.
Our end goal is to build MAGNETO. Inspired from X-Men, Magneto is a gesture-controlled bot. You can control your robot with your hand's motion! Doesn't it sound interesting?
In all our workshops, we concentrate on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) education. We teach basics and do not concentrate on a project-oriented class. We have a lot of practical experiments and demonstrations since it helps the students to grasp the concepts more effectively. Students inculcate better logic and reasoning, and problem solving skills as they understand the topic in depth.
The ticket cost includes a kit with Arduino Nano, ADXL, RF, Motor driver, Sensors, Bot Kit and other general components.
Certificates will be provided on successful completion of the course.
Note: Since this course involves coding, participants are requested to carry a laptop.
Dates: 19th November (3 PM – 6 PM) and 20th November (11AM – 5 PM)
Term & Condition:


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Delhi government gives nod to Rapid Rail corridors to Alwar, Meerut, Panipat
The Delhi government has approved the alignments of the three Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) corridors. These corridors will link the Delhi with Panipat, Meerut and Alwar. These three alignments were recommended by the National Capital Regional Planning Board (NCRPB). To start work on the project a similar approval is required from other state governments for the same.
The total length of the three corridors is 349 km, as the Delhi-Alwar corridor will terminate at Delhi-Gurgaon border. The Delhi-Meerut corridor will be via Anand Vihar and Sarai Kale Khan and would be supported by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC). The Delhi-Panipat corridor would go up to Kashmere Gate.
National Capital Region Transport Corporation Limited (NCRTC) will function as the implementing agency for RRTS projects in the NCR.
It will be responsible for designing, developing, implementing, financing, operating and maintaining RRTS on a pattern similar to the Delhi Metro.
Month:Current Affairs – June, 2014
Categories: National
Tags: Current Affairs 2014 • Delhi • Haryana • Infrastructure • Uttar Pradesh


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One of his most important single-channel works is titled "Three Transitions" in which he uses chromakey processors and video mixers to create videos in the studio. Part of the great potential in video art is that the artist receives instant feedback while shooting, being able to watch oneself in the monitor while recording is a major perceptual shift from long delay in viewing film. "Three Transitions" engages this new method of perceiving oneself, Campus is watching himself live as he goes through the motions for the camera. His live video installation works from the early 1970s at Bykert Gallery and in 1974 in his first major exhibition at the Everson Museum in Syracuse, NY.
Campus studied experimental psychology before his early work as a filmmaker. All of his early work engaged his interest in the psychology and the physiology of perception, and was informed by the Minimalist aesthetic of the late sixties and early seventies.
Campus abandoned video art for nearly twenty years, making digital photographs until returning to video work in the 1990s. Currently Campus is represented by Albion Gallery in London and New York. Peter Campus works have been featured in the Whitney Biennial in 1973, 1993, and 2002. His works are held in collections around the world, including the Centre Pompidou (Paris), The Guggenheim Museum, The Whitney Museum of American Art, SFMOMA, and the Museum of Modern Art.
References: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Campus