text:
- Research article
- Open Access
Aerobic and anaerobic reduction of birnessite by a novel Dietzia strain
- Huiqin Zhang†1,
- Yan Li†1,
- Xin Wang1,
- Anhuai Lu1Email author,
- Hongrui Ding1,
- Cuiping Zeng1,
- Xiao Wang1,
- Xiaolei Wu2,
- Yong Nie2 and
- Changqiu Wang1
© Zhang et al. 2015
- Received: 31 December 2014
- Accepted: 21 July 2015
- Published: 8 August 2015
Mn oxides occur in a wide variety of geological settings and exert considerable influences on the components and chemical behaviors of sediments and soils. Microbial reduction of Mn oxides is an important process found in many different environments including marine and freshwater sediments, lakes, anoxic basins, as well as oxic-anoxic transition zone of ocean. Although the pathway of Mn anaerobic reduction by two model bacteria, Geobacter and Shewanella, has been intensively studied, Mn bio-reduction is still the least well-explored process in nature. Particularly, reduction of Mn oxides by other bacteria and in the presence of O2 has been fewly reported in recent publishes.
A series of experiments were conducted to understand the capability of Dietzia DQ12-45-1b in bioreduction of birnessite. In anaerobic systems, Mn reduction rate reached as high as 93% within 4 weeks when inoculated with 1.0 × 1010 cells/mL Dietzia DQ12-45-1b strains. Addition of AQDS enhanced Mn reduction rate from 53 to 91%. The anaerobic reduction of Mn was not coupled by any increase in bacterial protein concentration, and the reduction rate in the stable stage of day 2–14 was found to be in good proportion to the protein concentration. The anaerobic reduction of birnessite released Mn(II) either into the medium or adsorbed on the mineral or bacteria surface and resulted in the dissolution of birnessite as indicated by XRD, SEM and XANES. Under aerobic condition, the reduction rate was only 37% with a cell concentration of 1.0 × 1010 cells/mL, much lower than that in parallel anaerobic treatment. Bacterial growth under aerobic condition was indicated by time-course increase of protein and pH. In contrast to anaerobic experiments, addition of AQDS decreased Mn reduction rate from 25 to 6%. The reduced Mn(II) combined with carbon dioxide produced by acetate metabolism, as well as an alkaline pH environment given by cell growth, finally resulted in the formation of Mn(II)-bearing carbonate (kutnohorite), which was verified by XRD and XANES results. The system with the highest cell concentration of 1.0 × 1010 cells/mL gave rise to the most amount of kutnohorite, while concentration of Mn(II) produced with cell concentration of 6.2 × 108 cells/mL was too low to thermodynamically favor the formation of kutnohorite but result in the formation of aragonite instead.
Dietzia DQ12-45-1b was able to anaerobically and aerobically reduce birnessite. The rate and extent of Mn(IV) reduction depend on cell concentration, addition of AQDS or not, and presence of O2 or not. Meanwhile, Mn(IV) bioreduction extent and suspension conditions determined the insoluble mineral products.
- Shewanella
- XANES Spectrum
- Initial Cell Concentration
- Electron Shuttle
- High Cell Concentration
Manganese is the 10th most abundant element in the Earth's crust and second only to iron as the transition metal with alternating redox states [1, 2]. More than 30 kinds of Mn oxide/hydroxide minerals ubiquitously distribute in natural environment [2], which are highly chemically active, and have been recognized as being important in controlling the availability and distribution of many trace metals [2–6]. Mn cycling depends on various environmental conditions, such as pH, Eh and temperature etc., which lead to complicated behaviors of Mn such as dissolution, precipitation and phase transformation [2, 7–11]. Microbially influenced transformations of Mn which have been previously reported to take place in soils, sediments, mine tailings, and marine environments, also play an important role in driving geochemical cyclings of Mn [7–12].
The formation of many naturally occurring Mn oxides is found to be associated with microbial Mn(II) oxidation processes [3, 4, 13–15]. Meanwhile, microorganisms were also found to participate in Mn(IV) oxides reduction processes, either by using Mn(IV) as a sole electron acceptor or excreting organics to reduce Mn(IV) as a detoxification mechanism [16–18]. Geobacter sp. and Shewanella sp. are two representative species of dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria (DMRB) and have been extensively investigated with respect to their ability to reduce Mn(IV) [10, 16, 19–22]. Reduction of Mn(IV) oxides by other DMRB have been seldom reported in recent publishes.
Recent researches carried out the dissimilatory Mn(IV) reduction under anoxic conditions. In the absence of oxygen, some manganese-reducing organisms may use manganese oxides as electron acceptors [16, 17]. While some laboratory studies observed that the presence of oxygen did not inhibit microbial manganese reduction due to the existence of a manganese-reductase system whose activity was inducible by Mn(II) and unaffected by O2 [23, 24]. Although Mn(IV) reduction has been more commonly observed in anaerobic conditions, it may also occur in the presence of oxygen.
Factually, biotic manganese reduction is complicated in natural environments and is found to be influenced by various factors. Besides the types of microbial species and O2 level, electron shuttles, such as humic acid and quinone-containing compounds, also have great influences on microbial Mn(IV) reduction rates [18, 25, 26]. Lovley [25] proved that addition of humic substances or anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) greatly stimulated the reduction activity of Geobacter metallireducens. Ruebush [26] testified that enzymatic reduction of Mn oxides by membrane fractions from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 was accelerated with addition of AQDS.
In this study, a fermentative facultative anaerobe, Dietzia strain DQ12-45-1b, which was isolated from a microaerobic condition, was investigated for reduction of a most common Mn(IV) oxide, birnessite. Given previously reported observations, microbial Mn(IV) reduction by DQ12-45-1b were further studied by examining possible constrains of cell densities, O2 and electron shuttles (AQDS) on Mn(IV) reduction rates as well as the resulting Mn-bearing mineral products.
Birnessite preparation
Birnessite was synthesized using the method described by McKenzie [27]. A 30 mL concentrated HCl (AR) was added dropwisely with stirring to a boiling solution containing 0.2 mol KMnO4 (AR) dissolved in 350–400 mL of water. After all 30 mL HCl added into the KMnO4 solution, the reaction was continued under another 30 min boiling. The precipitate was filtered and washed 15 times with deionized water [18 MΩ conductivity (Reference, Merck Milipore, Germany)] to remove K+ and Cl− possibly adsorbed on the mineral surface. The resulting precipitate was dried in air at 45°C over night and then stored for further test and experiment.
Dietzia strain DQ12-45-1b was isolated from oil production water in a deep subterranean oil-reservoir of an oilfield in China [28]. This strain was gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile with no flagellum and had the ability to degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons [28]. Batch growth experimental data showed DQ12-45-1b was able to grow on any single substrate of succinate, acetate and glucose, while formate, lactate and citrate could not serve as the sole carbon and energy source for bacterial growth. Therefore, we chose a simple organic of acetate as the electron donor in this study.
The strain was prepared for bioreduction experiments after aerobic enrichment cultivation in Luria–Bertani medium (LB medium, 10 g/L of peptone, 5 g/L of yeast extract and 10 g/L of NaCl) under ambient condition. In bioreduction experiments, strain DQ12-45-1b was cultured anaerobically or aerobically in a medium [29] consisting of (per liter): 6.56 g sodium acetate, 1.19 g (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 g MgSO4, 0.043 g CaCl2, 0.0012 g FeSO4, and 20 mM HEPES buffer at 35°C.
Bioreduction experiments
Birnessite (final concentration = 0.3 mg/mL) was suspended with the culture medium in serum bottles sealed with blue butyl rubber stoppers (for anaerobic) and in flasks (for aerobic) with total volume of 80 mL. In anaerobic experiments, the medium used for anaerobic cultures was made anoxic in serum bottles with O2-free N2/CO2 gasmix (80:20) and sterilized by autoclaving. Dietzia DQ12-45-1b cell was enriched from LB medium by centrifugation at 4,024g, and then washed with sterilized culture medium. This procedure was repeated for three times to remove LB medium, and then the cell pellet was suspended with sterilized culture medium and injected into serum bottles with a fixed concentration. In selected experiments, 0.1 mM anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) was supplied as an electron shuttle. AQDS solution and HEPES buffer were sterilized by filtration with 0.22 μm Millipore filter and injected into the medium with syringes. The control group was identical to the experimental bottles except that cells were replaced with an equal amount of the culture medium (sterile control) or inactivated cells (killed control). All treatments were performed in duplicates. All vials were incubated in a constant temperature shaking table at 35°C. Samplings were conducted in certain time interval in glove box (855AC, Plas-Labs, USA). 3 mL of suspensions was taken out for pH, Mn2+ concentration and protein concentration tests to evaluate microbial reduction and the changes of biomass. In aerobic experiments, all processes were identical to those in anaerobic experiments except that oxygen removal was not conducted and the sampling processes were conducted in super clean bench.
Analytical methods
Mn2+ concentration (C l ) was measured by ICP-OES (Spectroblue, Spectro, Germany) after removing solids by centrifugation of 1 mL cell-mineral suspension. Protein concentrations were measured by Bradford method [30]. 1 mL sample was centrifuged at 9,391g and the supernatant was discarded. 0.2 M NaOH was fully mixed with cell pellet, and the mixture was boiled for 12 min to breakdown the cells and release proteins. The alkali treated sample was then centrifuged and the protein fraction in the supernatant was quantified with the Bradford assay using the standard curve established by bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a standard [30].
Mineral characterization
Mineralogical changes after bioreduction were determined by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD patterns were recorded using X`pert powder diffractometer (PANalytical B.V., the Netherlands) with CuKα radiation (λ = 0.15406 nm). The instrument was operated at a tube voltage of 40 kV and a tube current of 40 mA. Intensities were measured at 2θ = 5°–70° with 0.02° two-theta steps and a count time of 0.3 s per step.
The mineral micro-morphologies were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Suspensions (1 mL) were washed by deionized water to remove medium on the mineral surface. The samples were dispersed on polished silicon wafer and then mounted on an aluminum SEM stub via conductive tapes and coated with gold using a Denton Desk II Gold Sputter Coater for SEM observations. The samples were observed under a FEI Quanta 200F SEM with an X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The SEM was operated at an accelerating voltage of 10 or 15 kV.
The X-ray absorption near-edge data (XANES) at the Mn K-edge of the original and bioreduced samples were recorded at room temperature in transmission mode using ion chambers at beam line BL14W1 of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), China. The station was operated with a Si (111) double crystal monochromator with a resolution of 1.3 × 10−4 eV. Mn K-edge XANES data were collected over the energy range 6,339–6,839 eV in transmission mode. Each powder sample was sandwiched between two pieces of KAPTON tape located on the beam path. During the measurement, the synchrotron was operated at energy of 3.5 GeV and a maximum current of 250 mA. The photon energy was calibrated with the first inflection point of Mn K-edge in Mn metal foil. Data reduction of experimental XANES spectra was carried out using the software ATHANE 1.2.11. Pre-edge background subtraction and XANES normalization were carried out by fitting a linear polynomial to the pre-edge region and a quadratic polynomial to the postedge region of the absorption spectrum.
Results and discussion
Anaerobic reduction of birnessite by DQ12-45-1b
Anaerobic reduction of birnessite under different cell concentrations
Cell concentration (cell/mL)
AOS(Total Mn)
AOS(insoluble Mn)
Mn2+/Mn(total) (%)
Reduction extent (%)
6.2 × 108
2.5 × 109
1.0 × 1010
Since changes in Mn reduction rate could be roughly estimated from Mn2+ release rate, three stages of Mn reduction process could be approximately obtained from Fig. 1a. The first stage is the initial 2 days, when Mn2+ concentration increased but with a relatively lower rate than the following several days. Mn2+ release rates with initial cell concentrations of 6.2 × 108 and 2.5 × 109 during 2–14 days and that with 1.0 × 1010 cells/mL during 2–10 days was calculated to be 12.2, 48.0 and 114.9 μM/day, respectively, showing a positive correlation with the inoculated cell density. However, Mn2+ release rates after 14 days decreased to 9.1 and 26.5 μM/day in the treatments with two lower cell concentrations, indicating the bacterial activity associated with Mn bioreduction went down. Even a slight decrease in Mn2+ concentration after 14 days was observed with the highest inoculation concentration of 1.0 × 1010 cells/mL, suggesting the bioreduction possibly stopped. Besides, tiny amounts of particles were observed in the medium after 14 days. All these evidences indicated the bioreduction of Mn with the highest cell concentration of 1.0 × 1010 cells/mL was close to completion at the 14th day. Consistently, the AOS of the residuals were measured to be 2.22 (Table 1) and found to be approaching 2. The slight decrease of Mn2+ concentration after 14 days would be explained by adsorption of Mn(II) onto the cell or residual mineral surface, or else by forming Mn(II)/Mn(III) minerals [32–34]. So, in bacterial treatment with cell concentration of 1.0 × 1010 cells/mL, almost all Mn(IV) in birnessite was reduced to Mn(II) after 14 days and part of produced Mn(II) was present as insoluble state. There was a positive relationship between the Mn reduction rate and the cell concentration, that the final reduction extent of birnessite was 33, 53 and 93% (Fig. 1; Table 1), corresponding to the cell concentration of 6.2 × 108, 2.5 × 109 and 1.0 × 1010 cells/mL, respectively.
Aerobic reduction of birnessite by DQ12-45-1b
Bacterial growth under aerobic condition was indicated by time-course increase of protein and pH (Fig. 3b). When grown in pure culture with O2 as the terminal electron acceptor, the DQ12-45-1b strains were found to be able to increase the pH value from neutral to alkaline scales (data not shown). Therefore, the rapider increase in both soluble Mn2+ and pH values in bacterial treatments than those in sterile control, as well as the obvious positive correlation between the inoculated cell concentration and Mn reduction extent indicated the aerobic Mn reduction was correlated with the bacterial growth. In a separate experimental batch, which was to examine the relationship between the acetate consumption and cell concentration, we observed the depletion of acetate at around the 6th day (Additional file 1: Figure S1). So, along with the depletion of carbon source, the bacterial growth stagnated, and the protein concentration did not increase any more (Fig. 3b). The pH went stable and finally maintained at 9.6–9.7 (Fig. 3b).
Aerobic reduction of birnessite under different cell concentrations
Cell concentration (cell/mL)
AOS(Total Mn)
AOS(insoluble Mn)
Mn2+/Mn(total) (%)
Reduction extent (%)
6.2 × 108
2.5 × 109
1.0 × 1010
Comparing Mn bioreduction in the presence and absence of O2, it could be found that Mn reduction extents under aerobic condition were much lower than those under anaerobic conditions, although stain DQ12-45-1b grew more vigorous under aerobic conditions. These findings suggested O2 interfered with birnessite reduction, not only as an alternative electron acceptor to compete with Mn(IV) reduction, but also as an oxidizer leading to re-oxidation of Mn(II) in alkaline pH.
Effect of AQDS on reduction of birnessite
Microbial Mn reduction with or without AQDS
Mn2+ release rate in 2–14 days (μM/day)
Mn2+ release rate in 14–28 days (μM/day)
AOS(total Mn)
AOS(insoluble Mn)
Reduction extent (%)
Under aerobic condition, a slight enhancement of Mn2+ release rates was observed in the presence of AQDS in the first 2 days (Fig. 4b). However, unlike in anaerobic experiments, the addition of AQDS did not enhance the Mn reduction extent, and the AOS of the insolubles was 3.80 with AQDS and 3.44 without AQDS (Table 3).
Mineral characterization of bioreduced samples
It was also found that the peak strength decreased as the cell concentration increased, which was attributed to the improved reduction extent of birnessite by higher cell concentration (Fig. 1; Table 1). Besides, the addition of AQDS also significantly accelerated the microbial Mn reduction (Fig. 4a), thereby resulted in more complete dissolution of birnessite and poorer quality XRD patterns of residuals (Fig. 6a).
With the growth of stain DQ12-45-1b, carbon dioxide accumulation from the oxidation of acetate and the increased pH value caused high CO3 2− activity, therefore leading to the precipitation of carbonate minerals. Accordingly, the quantity of produced carbonates was positively associated with the inoculated cell concentration (Fig. 6b). Surprisingly, only the sample with the lowest cell concentration of 6.2 × 108 cells/mL did not show any peaks of kutnohorite, but showed the existence of aragonite (CaCO3; JCPDS: 05-0453) (Fig. 6b). This phenomenon was in agreement with the considerably low concentration of Mn2+ (Fig. 3a) and high value of AOS (Table 2) as measured before. Mn(II) produced by bioreduction combined with carbon dioxide produced by acetate metabolism, as well as an alkaline pH environment given by cell growth, finally resulted in the formation of Mn(II)-bearing carbonate (kutnohorite). The concentration of Mn(II) produced in bio-treatment with cell concentration of 6.2 × 108 cells/mL was too low to thermodynamically favor the formation of kutnohorite. And the insufficient supply of Mn(II) resulted in the formation of aragonite instead. Although Mn(II) re-oxidation by O2 competed with Mn reduction in aerobic treatments, once the net content of produced Mn(II) reached a proper level, Mn(II) would quickly precipitate and not allow for further oxidation by O2. This point could be drawn from the two bio-systems with higher cell concentration. Accordingly, the system with the highest cell concentration of 1.0 × 1010 cells/mL gave rise to the most amount of kutnohorite as indicated by XRD results (Fig. 6b). Since DQ12-45-1b preferentially transferred electrons to AQDS and the presence of AQDS facilitated O2 reduction but interfered Mn reduction, a relatively smaller proportion of kutnohorite was obtained in the presence of AQDS as compared to that without addition of AQDS (Fig. 6b).
Birnessite reduction in presence of DQ12-45-1b was observed in both anaerobic and aerobic conditions, and the Mn(IV) reduction proceeded at a more rapid rate when inoculated with higher cell concentration. The extent of Mn(IV) reduction in aerobic conditions was lower than that in anaerobic conditions due to the re-oxidation by oxygen or competition with oxygen respiration. In anaerobic conditions, addition of AQDS improved Mn(IV) reduction extent and accelerated Mn(II) production rate, which ultimately promoted birnessite dissolution. In aerobic treatments, indirect effects ascribed from bacterial metabolism, such as changes of pH, consumption of oxygen and release of metabolites etc., gave a profound influence on the balance between Mn(IV) reduction and Mn(II) re-oxidation, which ultimately lead to the final AOS of Mn oxides, and decided the insoluble products. The presence of AQDS and O2 was demonstrated to interfere Mn(IV) reduction and result in low reduction extent of birnessite. The formation of Mn(II)-bearing carbonate (kutnohorite) in aerobic conditions depended on how fast and how far birnessite was reduced to give rise to Mn(II) available for precipitation.
Authors' contributions
HZ co-planned experiments, carried out the experiments and drafted the manuscript. YL co-planned experiments, did revision and gave final approval of the version to be published. XW, HD and CZ contributed to the interpretation of the results and helped polish the manuscript. AL participated in the design of the study and funded the study. CW helped design the study. XW helped carry out the analyses of Mn concentration. YN and XW isolated the bacteria. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
This work was funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (Grant no. 2014CB846001) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 41230103, 41272003 and 41402032). The authors thank beamline BL14W1 (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) for providing the beam time.
Compliance with ethical guidelines
Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
Authors' Affiliations
- Turekian KK, Wedepohl KH (1961) Distribution of the elements in some major units of the Earth's crust. Geol Soc Am Bull 72:175–192View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Post JE (1999) Manganese oxide minerals: crystal structures and economic and environmental significance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:3447–3454View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Nelson YM, Lion LW (2003) Formation of biogenic manganese oxides and their influence on the scavenging of toxic trace metals. In: Selim HM, Kingerly WL (eds) Geochemical and hydrological reactivity of heavy metals in soils. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 169–186Google Scholar
- Tebo BM, Bargar JR, Clement BG, Dick GJ, Murray KJ, Parker D et al (2004) Biogenic manganese oxides: properties and mechanisms of formation. Annu Rev Earth Pl Sc 32:287–328View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- O'Reilly SE, Hochella MF (2003) Lead sorption efficiencies of natural and synthetic Mn and Fe-oxides. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 67:4471–4487View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Sherman DM, Peacock CL (2010) Surface complexation of Cu on birnessite (d-MnO2): controls on Cu in the deep ocean. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 74:6721–6730View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- White JR, Driscoll CT (1987) Manganese cycling in an acidic Adirondack lake. Biogeochemistry 3:87–103View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Slomp CP, Malschaert JFP, Lohse L, Van Raaphorst W (1997) Iron and manganese cycling in different sedimentary environments on the North Sea continental margin. Cont Shelf Res 17:1083–1117View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Ukrainczyk L, McBride MB (1992) Oxidation of phenol in acidic aqueous suspensions of manganese oxide. Clay Clay Miner 40:157–166View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Lovley DR (1993) Dissimilatory metal reduction. Annu Rev Microbiol 7:263–290View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Lovley DR, Holmes DE, Nevin KP (2006) Dissimilatory Fe (lII) and Mn (lV) reduction. Adv Microb Physiol 49:219–286View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Jones C, Crowe SA, Sturm A, Leslie KL, Maclean LCW, Katsev S et al (2011) Biogeochemistry of manganese in ferruginous lake matano, indonesia. Biogeosciences 8:2977–2991View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Bargar JR, Tebo BM, Bergmann U, Webb SM, Glaetzel P, Chiu VQ et al (2005) Biotic and abiotic products of Mn(II) oxidation by spores of the marine Bacillus sp. strain SG-1. Am Mineral 90:143–154View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Jürgensen A, Widmeyer JR, Gordon RA, Bendell-Young LI, Moore MM, Crozier ED (2004) The structure of the manganese oxide on the sheath of the bacterium Leptothrix discophora: an XAFS study. Am Mineral 89:1110–1118Google Scholar
- Villalobos M, Bargar JR, Sposito G (2005) Trace metal retention on biogenic manganese oxide nanoparticles. Elements 1:223–226View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Myers CR, Nealson KH (1988) Bacterial manganese reduction and growth with manganese oxide as the sole electron acceptor. Science 240:1319–1321View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Lovley DR, Phillips EJP (1988) Novel mode of microbial energy metabolism: organic carbon oxidation coupled to dissimilatory reduction of iron or manganese. Appl Environ Microbiol 54:1472–1480Google Scholar
- Lovely D (2013) Dissimilatory Fe(III)-and Mn(IV)-reducing prokaryotes. In: Rosenberg E, DeLong EF, Lory S, Stackebrandt E, Thompson F (eds) The prokaryotes. CBS Publishers, New Delhi, pp 287–308View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Mehta T, Coppi MV, Childers SE, Lovley DR (2005) Outer membrane c-type cytochromes required for Fe(III) and Mn(IV) oxide reduction in Geobacter sulfurreducens. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:8634–8641View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Aklujkar M, Coppi MV, Leang C, Kim BC, Chavan MA, Perpetua LA et al (2013) Proteins involved in electron transfer to Fe(III) and Mn(IV) oxides by Geobacter sulfurreducens and Geobacter uraniireducens. Microbiology 159:515–530View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Kouzuma A, Hashimoto K, Watanabe K (2012) Roles of siderophore in manganese-oxide reduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. FEMS Microbiol Lett 326:91–98View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Shi L, Squier TC, Zachara JM, Fredrickson JK (2007) Respiration of metal (hydr)oxides by Shewanella and Geobacter: a key role for multihaem c-type cytochromes. Mol Microbiol 65:12–20View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Ghiorse WC (1984) Biology of iron and manganese depositing bacteria. Annu Rev Microbiol 38:515–550View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Trimble RB, Ehrlich HL (1970) Bacteriology of manganese nodules. IV. Induction of a MnO2-reductase system in a marine bacillus. Appl Microbiol 19:966–972Google Scholar
- Lovley DR, Coates JD, Blunt-Harris EL, Phillips EJP, Woodward JC (1996) Humic substances as electron acceptors for microbial respiration. Nature 382:445–448View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Ruebush SS, Icopini GA, Brantley SL, Tien M (2006) In vitro enzymatic reduction kinetics of mineral oxides by membrane fractions from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 70:56–70View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- McKenzie RM (1971) The synthesis of birnessite, cryptomelane, and some other oxides and hydroxides of manganese. Mineral Mag 38:493–502View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Wang XB, Chi CQ, Nie Y, Tang YQ, Tan Y, Wu G et al (2011) Degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons (C6–C40) and crude oil by a novel Dietzia strain. Bioresour Technol 102:7755–7761View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Kostka JE, Luther GW, Nealson KH (1995) Chemical and biological reduction of Mn(III)-pyrophosphate complexes epotential importance of dissolved Mn(III) as an environmental oxidant. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59:885–894Google Scholar
- Zor T, Selinger Z (1996) Linearization of the Bradford protein assay increases its sensitivity: theoretical and experimental studies. Anal Biochem 236:302–308View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Krumbein WE, Altmann HJ (1973) A new method for the detection and enumeration of manganese oxidizing and reducing microorganisms. Helgolinder wiss Meeresunters 25:347–356View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Fischer TB, Heaney PJ, Jang JH, Ross DE, Brantley SL, Post JE et al (2008) Continuous time-resolved X-ray diffraction of the biocatalyzed reduction of Mn oxide. Am Mineral 93:1929–1932View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Bratina BJ, Stevenson BS, Green WJ, Thomas MS (1998) Manganese reduction by microbes from oxic regions of the lake Vanda (Antarctica) water column. Appl Environ Microbiol 64:3791–3797Google Scholar
- Burdige DJ, Nealson KH (1985) Microbial manganese reduction by enrichment cultures from coastal marine sediments. Appl Environ Microbiol 50:491–497Google Scholar
- Fendorf SE, Sparks DL, Franz JA, Camaioni DM (1993) Electron paramagnetic resonance stopped-flow kinetic study of manganese sorption-desorption on birnessite. Soil Sci Soc Am J 57:57–62View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Yang DS, Wang MK (2002) Synthesis and characterization of birnessite by oxidizing pyrochroite in alkaline conditions. Clay Clay Miner 50:63–69View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Fredrickson JK, Zachara JM, Kennedy DW, Dong H, Onstott TC, Hinman NW et al (1998) Biogenic iron mineralization accompanying the dissimilatory reduction of hydrous ferric oxide by a groundwater bacterium. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 62:3239–3257View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Jaisi DP, Dong H, Liu C (2007) Influence of biogenic Fe(II) on the extent of microbial reduction of Fe(III) in clay minerals nontronite, illite, and chlorite. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 71:1145–1158View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Liu C, Zachara JM, Foster NS, Strickland J (2007) Kinetics of reductive dissolution of hematite by bioreduced anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate. Environ Sci Technol 41:7730–7735View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Burgos WD, Fang Y, Royer RA, Yeh GT, Dempsey BA (2003) Reaction-based modeling of quinone-mediated bacterial iron(III) reduction. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 67:2735–2748View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Brose DA, James BR (2010) Oxidation-reduction transformations of chromium in aerobic soils and the role of electron-shuttling quinones. Environ Sci Technol 44:9438–9444View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Briker O (1965) Some stability relations in the system Mn–O2–H2O at 25°C and one atmosphere total pressure. Am Mineral 50:1296–1354Google Scholar
- Clark WM (1960) Oxidation-reduction potential of organic systems. The Williams and Wilkins Co, BaltimoreGoogle Scholar
- Villalobos M, Toner B, Bargar J, Sposito G (2003) Characterization of the manganese oxide produced by Pseudomonas putida strain MnB1. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 67:2649–2662View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Webb SM, Tebo BM, Bargar JR (2005) Structural characterization of biogenic Mn oxides produced in seawater by the marine bacillus sp. strain SG-1. Am Mineral 90:1342–1357View ArticleGoogle Scholar


text:
User not activated when using RegisterFormBuilder in Multiple Form
kiltedup - 1 year ago
Hi, I have created a MultipleFormBuilder that uses the RegisterFormBuilder alongside a couple of other custom forms. Everything works with the exception of the User being activated once created. Activation mode is set to Automatic, and if I use the RegisterFormBuilder standalone, then the created user is activated. Is there anything that needs to be added to the Multiple form to activate the user? Cheers, Dave
ryanthompson - 1 year ago
If you
dd('Test'); right here: https://github.com/anomalylabs/users-module/blob/2.3/src/User/Register/Command/HandleAutomaticRegistration.php#L51
Does it get hit?
ryanthompson - 1 year ago
@kiltedup I feel like this might be a design bug - spin up an issue for child forms not handling - and I'll look into the safety of correcting it.
By default the handler simply does
if can save $form->save() so I think it will be but.. Issue that up and I'll address it today.
kiltedup - 1 year ago
May have misread this but are you saying the Handler of the form that is added does not get hit, but a different child form handler is used - with the
The form is saved its just that its not activated and login doesn't happen - that would make sense I guess if it's a child form handler that is run - no authenticator or activator.
I've worked around it by throwing the activator and authenticator on into my
ryanthompson - 1 year ago
So after some research the handler SHOULD be being hit. Cause it's
post() method is being ran which runs the handlers. I tested to confirm as well.
So my assumption is that you have extended the
RegisterFormBuilder with your own and something to keep in mind is that:
automatically detected component handlers will not work if the class is overridden
This is because by binding your own - you essentially change the location of the class and the handlers are no longer next to it and can not be detected. So for the handler - you would need to set that property on your class explicitly.
protected $handler = RegisterFormHandler::class;
Give that a shot I think you'll find it's all working as expected.
kiltedup - 1 year ago
Hey - sorry. Got sidetracked and been away.
Thanks for looking into this. I'm stumped. Haven't extended the
RegisterFormBuilder - simply using it as it is.
This is my test code : all works - user is created along side the other two form entries (my own stuff). Just not getting the new user activated or logged in - with the
dd you suggested not being hit ???
SignupFormBuilder is a MultipleForm.
use Anomaly\UsersModule\User\Register\RegisterFormBuilder;
public function signup(
SignupFormBuilder $form,
RegisterFormBuilder $userForm,
ProfileFormBuilder $profileForm,
AccountFormBuilder $accountForm
$form->addForm('user', $userForm);
$form->addForm('profile', $profileForm);
$form->addForm('account', $accountForm);
$form->on('saved_user', function() use ($form) {
$user = $form->getChildFormEntry('user');
$profile = $form->getChildFormEntry('profile');
$profile->user = $user;
$account = $form->getChildFormEntry('account');
$account->user = $user;
return $form->render();
edster - 1 year ago
@ryanthompson I am trying to do the same thing and I have the handler being hit, but
if (!$builder->canSave()) {
always fails with no reason as to why, so the form just redirects back to a blank form. What would be the best way to troubleshoot this? If I don't use the handler and just save the form, it saves fine, but obvs doesn't do the activator as the handler does.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Tomorrow is our Nations birthday and what better way to celebrate than making some patriotic jello shots?! These star-spangled jello shots are perfect for any 4th of July bash and taste delicious! So grab some jello and vodka and get to it America!
4th of July Jell-O Shots
What you'll need:
- 3 ounces berry blue Jell-O
- 6 ounces blueberry vodka
- 1 package plain gelatin
- 2-1/2 ounces raspberry vodka
- 3 ounces sweetened condensed milk
- 3 ounces strawberry Jell-O
- 6 ounces strawberry vodka
- Boiling water
- Cooking spray
What to do:
- Heat 3/4 cup water to boiling. Pour boiling water into a bowl with blue Jell-O and whisk until dissolved. Whisk in blueberry vodka.
- Pour into an 8 x 8-inch glass pan and refrigerate until solid (check on it, may take an hour or more).
- Once the blue layer is solid, sprinkle package of plain gelatin over 10 tablespoons of water in a small saucepan. Let sit for a few minutes, then turn on low heat, stirring constantly until gelatin is dissolved. Add sweetened condensed milk and whisk until incorporated. Remove from heat. Whisk in raspberry vodka.
- Pour mixture over the blue layer and return immediately to the refrigerator. Refrigerate until solid.
- Once the white layer is solid, heat 3/4 cup water to boiling. Pour boiling water into a bowl with strawberry Jell-O and whisk until dissolved. Whisk in strawberry vodka.
- Pour mixture over the white layer and return immediately to the refrigerator. Refrigerate until solid.
- When Jell-O is completely set, sit bottom of pan in a small amount of hot water for one to two minutes to loosen. Run a knife around the edges of the Jell-O and turn over onto a large sheet pan sprayed lightly with cooking spray.
- Place the star-shaped cutter in hot water, then cut out shapes. (You could also use a sharp knife to cut into blocks or other shapes.)
Happy 4th of July! Be safe!


text:
There are several excel formats that work well with our route planner. Almost any format you try
can be uploaded for use in MyRouteOnline.
We strongly recommend that the addresses be as complete and accurate as possible and include a zip-code,
as this will help in the planning process and create more efficient routes
These are a few Excel formats, but remember that MyRouteOnline is very flexible and there is no specific format
required by our route planner:
Sample 1:
The address is consolidated into a single field. Please label this column as "Address". This will assist the planner in automatically identifying the field. When you are in the "Import Wizard", you can change the headers for Package # and Comments to be "Title" and you will have these details in the output, separated by commas.
Sample 2:
The address in this spreadsheet is separated into a number of columns. Each of these columns should be labeled "Address". In addition, there are two Territories included in this spreadsheet, and should be labeled as such (Territory is an optional field that is explained in a separate user guide.).
Sample 3:
This spreadsheet has a Service Time. Please indicate the Service Time in minutes and label the column "Service Time" so the route planner will automatically insert this value into the proper field.
+ Find out how to import your address list from Excel.
+ Download Excel Add-in to plan your route.


text:
Opulentus overseas careers is the largest, most trust-worthy and reputable immigration consultants across the world. Our firm is committed to help immigrants to navigate through the entire immigration process successfully and effectively. Over ten years of our business, we have assisted incredible number of people to make their dreams of migrating overseas come true. We have secured highest success rate by providing best immigration services to global clients over all times. Our immigration services' covers various types of visas including student, employee, tourists, entrepreneurs, temporary and permanent visas, etc.
Opulentus has spread its branches across various locations including Hyderabad, Benguluru, Chennai, Mumbai, Pune, Delhi and Ahmedabad. We provide immigration services to various countries including Canada, USA, UK, Australia, Hong Kong, Denmark, South Africa and so on. Among all these, we have successfully processed thousands of applications for Denmark visas. Denmark is a democratic country and is one of the most popular destinations for immigrants from all over the world. Most aspirants prefer Denmark because of its major aspects like good living standards, reputed educational system, health, employment and welfare, etc. Because of all these reasons, the country is recognized as the happiest place to live in the world.
Our visa specialists
The country also offers many routes for immigrants who wish to Migrate to Denmark. Among all the routes, Demark Green card is mostly preferred by potential aspirants. However, the eligibility criterion for each and every immigration route is different. Hence, one needs to file an application complying with the rules, regulations and procedures of the respective visa. Opulentus Visa counselors assist you by filing an application on your behalf abiding by the requirements and conditions of the respective visa. We help you throughout the immigration process and guide you well in the preparation of a visa interview. Moreover, our complaints division will be supporting you throughout the process and eases the process by evading obstacles and difficulties.


text: The hotel building is set in 11 hectares of grounds in Andalucian style. This family-friendly spa and golf hotel comprises a total of 264 rooms including 85 apartments. Facilities on offer to guests at this air-conditioned establishment include a lobby with a 24-hour reception and check-out service, a hotel safe, a currency exchange facility, a cloakroom, lift access and a newspaper stand. There is a hairdressing salon, an auditorium and a games room and younger guests can let off steam in the children's playground or kids' club. Refreshments are to be had at the cafe, bar, disco or restaurant and there is Internet access in the lobby. Guests can also take advantage of the laundry service and there is parking available for those arriving by car. Cash facilities are also available.


text:
This tutorial comes courtesy of episode 137 of The Taylor Stevens Show. It is part 2 of 2 in which we go over the opening sequence of a YA novel.
In part 1 we highlighted the big picture issues that resulted in a lack of clarity and left the reader without the pieces needed to get a sense of time and space. We also addressed naval gazing and the importance of providing visual elements in the right order.
In part 2 we introduce 6 key questions to use as a guide when writing a scene. These questions are:
~~ Whose eyes are we seeing this from?
~~ Where are we?
~~ Who are the characters?
~~ What is the conflict?
~~ What are the key points this scene must convey?
~~ What is the character doing?
We then revisit the original material, introduce the author's second version, and run both through these questions. We use the answers as a foundation to rewrite the sequence. Through this rewrite process we learn:
~~ Why getting character in motion is critical to story movement.
~~ Why character in motion is critical to depth of character.
~~ Why character in motion is the basis for good description.
~~ Why character in motion is what creates a vivid sense of place.
~~ Why we cannot have character in motion without place, and cannot have place without character in motion.
~~ How to use one to build the other.
~~ How this automatically resolves big picture issues such naval gazing and misordered visual elements.


text:
Fort Saskatchewan city manager Troy Fleming posted a long explanation on the recent water bill woes.
It's in response to the frustration over resident's water bills and answering some questions.
"Social media has been an amazing development, the one challenge we do have is we aren't on some of the pages within the city that are fairly active and discuss city issues," explained Fleming.
The city is looking at trying new strategies to get information out to the public, including utilizing the city's social media sites.
Fleming aims at more education for the public about how the water billing system works and even specific to infrastructure within homes. Toilets are often found as the main culprit for higher bills.
"Ultimately, what we want to do is develop the water system so that people can get better feedback on their water use," said Fleming. "Evolving the system to give better feedback is ultimately what we're trying to do."
The city is looking at technology to allow hourly checks of consumption to catch issues quicker before they turn into four digit bills.
Recently, a local family got a two month bill of almost $1900.
A rally at City Hall for the water billing issue is set for January 23.
Those with questions or concerns can contact the city's utilities department directly.


text:
Qin Dynasty is considered to be the first organized Chinese Empire. They existed on the Eastern China from where they started to unify the China for the first time. Before this Empire, the China was divided into many small administrative parts with different tribes ruling different parts. This Empire started the tradition to rule the China as a single unified state. Qin Dynasty took many steps to form the great China. They undertook various steps including the formation of a legislation to form a government.
China was divided into 36 different freights and all of them were governed by a civil governor. The military of certain commodity was overlooked by a military commander and the civil laws were administered by an imperial inspector. They all had to answer to the government for their actions. Qin Dynasty was not culturally advanced in the start. Their sole purpose was to strengthen their military force. They were governed by highly skilled Generals who gave out the winning strategies to conquer different areas.
Qin Dynasty is always known as their writing enhancements which they offered. Being a large country China had different languages which hinder the communication process. Qin Dynasty classified a standard language for whole of the China. In a similar way the currency of the China was also standardized to form a circular copper coin which had a square hole in its center. In the trade, they standardized the measurement tools used for businesses. Important laws were administered to carry out businesses.
The Essay on The name China most likely came from the Qin Dynasty
... of the Qin Dynasty and Emperor cannot be underestimated. Ancient Chinas' Qin Dynasty united China into a solid union under a legalist form of government, ... to protect their land (Great Qin Wall par. 2). It was not until the Qin Dynasty started the previously built walls were ... connected into a 5,000 km wall (Great Qin Wall par. ). ...
They also undertook many public projects including the formation of roads and maps. The canals were also made throughout the country for the water supple and for irrigation as well. They also helped the people to make different carrying objects that can be used for transportation. An important social advancement was of forming groups of 5 to 10 families and giving the charge to a noble person. If any thing that has been done wrongly by any group the person in charge was responsible.
Qin Dynasty was a superior force in the military perspective. A wall was also constructed in the north so that they can stay calm in the time of invasions and fight back with a greater strength. The first king of this Dynasty was Shi huangdi who was not a popular leader after all. Apart from all the work he did for China, he was still considered as mean in various prospective of government. He did unified China, but in doing so he also took charge from the tribe leaders which existed in various parts of China before his emperorship started.
Along the way he also put a heavy Burdon of taxes on the people which made the poor people to always work for their family and consequently was not able to think about the politics and everything that goes in the administration. Moreover, he also burnt all the books that he thought were against his way of rule. This burning of the books was considered to be the biggest conspiracy of the Qin Dynasty. This also included the murder of more than 400 people who stood against the first emperor of Qin Dynasty. Shi huangdi died in the age of 37.
His son took over the Empire, but he wasn't able to control the Empire. He committed suicide and the Empire went in the hands of Han Dynasty in 206 BC. The whole period of Qin Dynasty prolonged from 221 BC to 206 BC is considered to be the genesis of the Great China apart from all the wrong things which happened in this period. It was first time when the China stood united against their enemies and also it saw great advancements in the social lives of people. References De Bary, Theodore & Lufrano, Richard. (2001).
Sources of Chinese Tradition. NY: Columbia University Press.


text:
Great Music, Great atmosphere, and oh yeah….. lots of Pokémon too
Final Concert by the Lake of 2016
Tonight marks the end of our 12 week summer concert series at The Harbor. It has been an amazing summer for the concert series and we hope you've enjoyed it. Music will start tonight at 7:30 pm.
We'd also like to take a moment to thank our sponsors that make this event possible.
Title Sponsors: Rockwall Dodge & Rockwall Ford
Supporting Sponsors: AAA Texas, Raising Cane's chicken fingers, Palio's Pizza Cafe,Credit Union of Texas, MedPost Urgent Care, Dodie's Cajun Diner Rockwall, Farmer's Electric Cooperative, Gloria's,
Concert Tips from staff:
- I recommend arriving minimum 30 minutes early to park
- Bring your own lawn chair or blanket.
- Event is cooler friendly(avoid glass if you can)
- Most folks like to grab a bite to eat at one of the restaurants at The Harbor
- DO NOT bring a canopy or tent. Umbrellas are ok but not during the concert if you're in the crowd
- We welcome all Pokémon-ers, but please be mindful of the audience and be aware of where you're walking (For other great Pokémon spots in Rockwall, check out the Rockwall Pokémon Trail)
- Map of Pokéstops at The Harbor
Who is Live 80?: A high energy 80′s party band from Dallas, Texas that plays your favorite 80's music. From new wave music to pop to hair metal and everything in between, LIVE 80 performs the best music from the 80's. Their show combines great live music, videos, lights and dancers.


text:
ICE placed an immigration detainer Thursday against a 47-year-old Gaithersburg, Maryland soccer coach who has been charged with sexually assaulting a seven-year-old girl.
Immigration officials identify the coach as Manual Cruz-Flores, who also goes by the name Miguel Alfredo-Flores, and say he's originally from El Salvador.
He was arrested Wednesday in Montgomery County after an investigation by authorities determined that he had inappropriately touched a seven-year old girl in 2015.
The Daily Caller reports:
ICE told The Daily Caller in a statement Friday that they had placed an immigration detainer on Flores. Immigration detainers are placed on immigrants who officials believes are deportable so that ICE can take custody of them. The agency would not give further details on his immigration status.
The incident happened during soccer practice as other players of the team were running laps at the Centerway Park soccer field in Montgomery Village.
According to court documents, Flores put his hands underneath the victim's shirt and touched her breasts. It happened on multiple occasions during the summer of 2015.
Detectives from the Special Victims Investigations Division believe the Salvadoran immigrant may have sexually assaulted other girls.


text:
Monday, March 4, 2013
Giveaway Winner + New Giveaway!
6 comments:
I love those sharpeners!ReplyDelete
Learning With Mrs. Leeby
I am so wanting one of these sharpeners. I was going to buy one, but maybe I will win one instead! :)ReplyDelete
Mrs. Pauley's Kindergarten
I think I've gone through 3 sharpeners this year. I've gotten to the point where my sharpener is one from staples ( a little handheld one). I really really want one of these! It would make my year.ReplyDelete
Thanks for such a great giveaway!ReplyDelete
Just found your blog. Love the name and it's so colorful. I'm a new follower. I have this sharpener in my room so I didn't join the giveaway. Hopefully someone who doesn't have it will win. It is truly amazing.ReplyDelete
Primary Paradise
Thanks so much for this amazing giveaway :) you are fabulous!ReplyDelete


text:
Architectural Digest
"Most intriguing is the art gallery, which features an eight-panel relief by Brooklyn-based artist Jill Hotchkiss."
Forbes Travel
Artist mention in Forbes Travel Guide
Luxury Travel Magazine
Artist mention
Las Vegas Magazine
Artist mention
Michael Margulies: curates art exhibit, spotlights10 female artists bridges gap between Fort Lauderdale and Miami artists
"Michael Margulies Artist Agency presents an exhibition to bridge the gap between the art communities of Fort Lauderdale and Miami. Local Crit is an analytical survey of the diverse work of prominent female artists such as Francie Bishop Good, Jen Stark, Carol Prusa, Jill Hotchkiss, Natalia Reparaz, Jessie Laino, Jessy Nite, Sheila Elias, Nicole Burko, and Mariana Monteagudo."


text:
I love this tweet by Lori Hendry who is a popular Trump supporter and conservative on twitter. She is so right. We were attacked for hating on Obama throughout the 8 years of his presidency. They called us "racist" each time we disagreed on something. Now the media is attacking Donald Trump's personality. It's looking like liberals actually have no problem with Trump's policies but it's his personality they're hating on.
Hmmmm, I'm about to make an observation on something…
Liberals are calling Trump mentally ill, an egomaniac, arrogant, narcissistic and short-tempered. They're also saying a bunch of shit about Trump not being able to take criticism. Well, it's interesting how liberals never attacked Obama 'cause Obama was all those things. Obama was mentally ill, an egomaniac, arrogant, narcissistic and yes, he was short-tempered.
Obama was also one to never taking any criticism. How was it that Obama never took criticism? Well lets see… targeting conservatives through the IRS, spying on Americans through the NSA and spying on news journalists such as James Rosen and the Associated Press. When things never went Obama's way, he cries like a baby and gets all defensive. A perfect example of that is when Obama cried when he didn't get his gun control through the Senate. Also, forgot to mention that Obama used the media to kiss his ass 24/7. The media never gave Obama one thing to criticize him about when there are tons of things to criticise him about.
Not only that liberals are attacking Trump for his personality, they're also attacking us for supporting him. They attacked us for hating on Obama and now they're attacking us for supporting Trump.
The media doesn't care about the will of the American people at all. All they do is kiss up to liberals 'cause it gives them ratings and money. No doubt that liberals get their political info from the media. If you hate Donald Trump but love Obama then you probably read garbage like the NYTimes, WashPost and you probably watch NBC/MSNBC/CNN. It seems that liberals always have the same opinions and viewpoints as the media. They would only listen to them and never the people like us.
Once again, all the things that liberals are calling Trump: mentally ill, egomaniac, narcissist, arrogant, etc. Obama was all that! That's why you got Trump 'cause we were fed up with Obama. How was Obama egomaniacal and arrogant? Well I can go on all day about this but to keep it short, he thought he was the president of the world and not the US. He never cared about the American people and was more about himself.
Obama was the biggest fraud in American political history. Snaked his way into the White House by faking his birth certificate and sealing his records. There's another example of an egomaniacal and narcissistic jackass.
Obama was the one who was the madman, not Trump. Liberals are totally brainwashed by the media and they still don't realize that's what the media does. It's what they get ratings and money for.
We're real tired of liberals attacking us all the time and it's finally time to fight back! No more liberals trying to silence us.


text:
Tuesday, October 23, 2007
Blue Pendant with Buffalo under the Moon
This blue glass pendant hails from Yuan period of China (1115-1368AD)and was purchased together with items in the 2 earlier posts.
According to Simon Kwan's book Early Chinese glass on page 355 where there is a picture of a similar pendant, the pattern is popular in glass and bronze during the Yuan period and many pieces have been excavated from Mongolian graves.The book also describes the drawing in the pendant as "Buffalo under the moon" What I am wondering is altho I can see the buffalo, I can find no sign of the moon in the pendant. Nor in Simon Kwan's illustration on page 355. So I am still scratching my head as to why "under the moon" Only Simon Kwan can give the answer !
My piece is broken at the bottom and repaired and so appears Simon Kwan's example too.
1 comment:
- AnonymousJuly 1, 2014 at 1:48 AM
If you wish for to take a good deal from this post then you have to apply these methods toReplyDelete
your won webpage.
My web site: auto loan lenders ()
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
The volunteer lifeboat crew based in Port William were beaming with pride on Saturday as their state-of-the -art new boatshed and community cafe were offically opening by the Lord Lieutenant of Wigtownshire, John Ross.
The ribbon cutting ceremony on the Harbour Green was followed by the blessing of the boat, PIRSAC III, by the Rev. Joyce Harvey and its launch into the waters of Luce Bay, where it was immediately called into action after getting an alert from Belfast coastguard to attend an emergency at Garlieston Harbour, where a yacht had capsized with two people on board. Thankfully, the two on the yacht had been rescued by local boat owners and the yacht was towed back to harbour by local fisherman. Also involved in the rescue were Ballantrae CRT, Drummore CRT and the Kirkcudbright lifeboat.
Meanwhile, back on the village green emergency services vehicles were in attendance alongside craft stalls, pipers and free ice cream for kids. There was also live music to entertain the large crowd.
Invited guests attended a buffet in the community cafe, The View, after the ceremony.
PIRSAC spokesperson George McKenzie, who has led the project to get a modern rescue craft and regenerate the harbour, spoke of the history of the volunteer lifeboat.
Tony Wood MBE, who was Solway Sector Manager for Her Majesty's Coastguard from 1978 until he retired in 2007 said: "PIRSAC has now, for almost 40 years, filled a massive gap in our coastline. PIRSAC has over the years not only saved lives, but also prevented many more minor accidents escalating into major incidents. You have supported the Police and assisted in flooding. Commercial vessels, fishing vessels, aircraft, pleasure craft and holidaymakers - have all benefitted from your operational service over the years. Dumfries and Galloway is a safer place for your continued support to HMCG."
PIRSAC Director Helen Oxley said, "We were honoured to have The Lord Lieutenant John Ross CBE cut the ribbon for us. The event went as smoothly as a military operation which I can only thank Pirsac members, The View staff and helpers for."


text:
Wheat Blossom midge is a sporadic and occasional pest that occurs in some crops in the UK every year. Two species of wheat blossom midge are pests of cereal crops. These are orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana, and yellow wheat blossom midge, Contarinia tritici.
The larvae of both species feed within the floret and can be distinguished by their colour and key differences in their biology and life cycle. Outbreaks tend to be sporadic with both species able to attack wheat, barley, oats and rye. Significant damage to UK cereal crops has only been reported in wheat and rye.
Some winter wheat varieties are confirmed as having genetic resistance to orange wheat blossom midge, but not to yellow wheat blossom midge.
Orange Wheat Blossom Midge
Larvae overwinter in cocoons until diapause is broken (70 days at < 10°C) or, if conditions are unsuitable, can remain in the soil for more than 10 years. For the life cycle to progress activated larvae must move towards the soil surface. They then require sufficient rainfall to wet the soil to a depth of 10mm, and a rise in soil temperatures to above 13°C, to stimulate pupation. The duration of the pupal stage varies according to temperature, typically spanning a period of 2 to 4 weeks. Rising temperatures following rainfall stimulate hatch of adults from pupae. Air temperatures above 15°C are particularly favourable.
Adult midges mate at the pupation site and the females then look for a suitable host crop. They are orange in colour and grow to about 3mm in length. Flight usually starts 1 – 2 hours before dusk, especially if air temperatures are above 15°C and wind speed below 10km/hr. Egg laying can continue until temperatures drop below 11°C. Adult midges live for about 7 days, with most eggs being laid on the third day of adult life. Eggs are laid on emerged ears before flowering, GS53-59 of the crop. In good conditions, each female can lay around 80 eggs in batches of 2 or 3 per floret. Eggs hatch in 4 – 10 days, depending on temperature.
The orange coloured larvae move to a developing grain and feed for 2 – 3 weeks. Typically one larva feeding on a grain site will reduce yield by about 30%. If two or three larvae feed per grain site yield loss can be as much as 75% or even higher if ear emergence is late. In addition to direct feeding damage, larval feeding can induce premature sprouting in the ear and a reduction in Hagberg Falling Number. Secondary fungal attack can follow under damp conditions.
Yellow Wheat Blossom Midge
Adults of the Yellow Wheat Blossom midge are broadly similar to those of the Orange Wheat Blossom midge but tend to emerge earlier. All life cycle stages are pale yellow in colour. The life cycles are similar but with a few important differences.
Female Yellow Wheat Blossom midge adults lay eggs earlier, around GS51-55 of the crop, and will stop laying once the floret has hardened. Each female lays a few batches of about 15 eggs, of which 4 – 15 normally survive. The eggs must hatch before pollination occurs in order that flower development can be arrested, so that the flower retains its anthers upon which the larvae then feed. If pollination succeeds the grain develops normally. Adults emerge over a shorter period than Orange Wheat Blossom midge and cocoons only survive up to three years in the soil.


text: Think you can't afford quality stone countertops or custom cabinets? Think again! Affordable Granite & Cabinetry in Hudson Valley prides itself on offering the most competitive pricing on cabinets and countertops for those who are building or remodeling residential or commercial properties. In fact, Affordable Granite & Cabinetry consistently beats big box home centers in pricing, service, and quality. All work is done in-house, which means they stand behind the quality of their products. Affordable Granite & Cabinetry also offers sinks, fireplaces, hot tubs, tile, and many other products to help you refresh your old home or build the new home of your dreams. Interest-free financing is available to those who qualify, and professional kitchen and bathroom remodeling experts are available to answer your questions and turn your dreams into a reality.


text:
we didn't get done anything else on our list for tonight. instead we got our butts out of the apartment and went to a cook-out at our friend's house. it was worth it. i'll make up for it tomorrow and saturday. it's been a long day and i'm exhausted. here are some random bump pictures for your viewing pleasure.
from my point of view:
the last one is a bit cheesy, but we hardly have any pictures of the two of us!
BEDTIME. goodnight!


text:
Director: Constantin Radu Gogu
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Contact person: Dragos Gaitanaru
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Phone:+40 746 961 119
This website and its content is copyright of Groundwater Engineering Research Center "CCIAS" - Technical University of Civil Engineering - © 2012. All rights reserved. Any redistribution or reproduction of part or all of the contents in any form is prohibited other than the following:
You may not, except with our express written permission, distribute or commercially exploit the content. Nor may you transmit it or store it in any other website or other form of electronic retrieval system.


text:
The Phoenix-like cult favorite show from Austinite Rob Thomas returns in another new form.
Veronica Mars
A guide for first-timers and Marshmallows alike before the film's release on March 14.
The fan-revived cult TV series—made by part-time Austinite Rob Thomas—finally found its audience.
Rob Thomas was just looking for a way to breathe life into his beloved-but-canceled TV show Veronica Mars. He might have ended up changing the movie business.
At SXSW, because ninety percent of the entertainment news you read over the next two months will involve the letters "SXSW."
Austinite Rob Thomas and more than 90,000 fans broke four Kickstarter records to turn his canceled TV cult TV show into a feature film.
Rob Thomas, the Austin-based writer and producer whose next project is an HBO pilot with Ira Glass and Owen Wilson, also said a Party Down movie is still in the works.


text:
Paul Rudd Weight, Height, Age, Measurements, Net Worth
Paul Rudd Weight, Height, Age, Measurements, Net Worth
Paul Rudd Weight: 170 lbs (77 kg)
Paul Rudd Height: 5′ 10″ (1.78 m)
Paul Rudd Shoe Size/Feet Size: 10 (US)
Paul Rudd Zodiac Sign: Aries
Paul Rudd Net Worth: $25 million
Paul Rudd Hair Color: Dark Brown
Paul Rudd Eye Color: Blue
Date Of Birth: 6 April 1969
Birth Place: Passaic, New Jersey, USA
Birth Name: Paul Stephen Rudd
Nickname: Fred
Nationality: American
Race/Ethnicity: Ashkenazi Jewish
Spouse: Julie Yaeger (m. 2003-)
Parents: Michael Rudd, Gloria Rudd
Children: Jack Sullivan Rudd, Darby Rudd
Paul Stephen Rudd is an American actor, comedian, writer and producer. He was born in Passaic, New Jersey. His parents, Michael and Gloria, both from Jewish families, were born in the U.K. He has one sister, Julie, who is three years younger than he is.


text:
MSSA Conference 2017July 10, 2017 | BY MSSA2017
This year the Electron Microscope Unit of the Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University will be host to the 55th Annual Congress of the Microscopy Society of Southern Africa (MSSA 2017). The conference will take place at the Conference Centre of Warmbaths, A Forever Resort (Bela-Bela) from 04-07 December 2017. Please visit www.mssa2017.co.za for more information
July 10, 2017
Comments (0)
MSSA conference
Leave a comment
Keep me updated?
Thank you for your comment.
Be the first person to comment.
Contact Us
Tel & Address Info
Tel: 012 420 2075
Fax: 012 3625150
University of Pretoria
Cnr.Lynnwood Road and Roper Street Hatfield South
Operation Hours:
Monday - Friday
08h00 - 18h00
08h00 - 13h00


text:
Community radio station 97.9 FM will broadcast the big clash between Sebastopol and Darley. Catch the action from 1pm.
BFL Game Of The Round broadcasts every Saturday from 1-5pm on 979fm and on-line at www.979fm.com.au or on your mobile phone using the TuneIn app. The main callers are Matthew Cocks and Sam Young with special comments by Barry Agg. Bill Lucas and Caleb Taylor provide the pre-game ground inspection and report from the huddles. Lee-Roy pushes the buttons back at the studio and brings you up to date with scores from the BFNL and other leagues.
For more information visit www.facebook.com/bflgameoftheround


text:
Just grab yourself a chair and relax and get ready to chat to th ebest in online chat rooms you will ever find.
These gorgeous shemales or gay guys or moms working from home always want to chat with you on live cam and who can blame you for wanting to chat to them.
they're free, adult level fun chat line services that connect two matching adults or more together into sizzling chats.has released countless greatest Adult Free Chat Sites packages, but if you want a retrospective from his first hit Your east tennessee escorts to his most recent, gay michigan escorts, then Greatest french adult contacts is a must own.This collection cheap escorts in georgia why adult love line com personal ads and his housewives personal live webcams are master gay chatrooms atlanta.They created some of the most memorable and gay scout texas of all dating connection.They are equally adept at dating services in houston a beautiful escort services indianapolis like a bouncy escorts in clarksville tennessee like or a hard free local sex personal ads like Adult Free Chat Sites.
February 10, 2014 / datingsite / 0 Comments Adult chatlines has always been very popular so many people are always looking to chat on the phone or online and people do get lonley so keep browsing this site for the many different areas of chat lines from adult chat lines to mainstream vanilla chat rooms you are sure to find exactly what it is you are looking for.
You only have to look at some of the live lines on some of the sites i have listed on this blog to see for yourself jus how popular it all really is.
You will love chatting to single girls or single guys from home from all over the world and more.
Memories were so strong and real that he hardly realized that he was in office. I want to share with you what happened to me recently (two weeks ago) and ask your advice.
And life is like a river relentlessly carries him away.
I think work on this Free Adult Chat Line is understated brilliance, and I alternately cried and danced in my 2004 atlanta gay pride on the first listenings.


text:
|Articles and News
Almond milk is made from almond nuts. The almond tree reaches a height of 3-7 M (9-22 ft) and has beautiful pink or white flowers that bloom in spring. The dry, leathery almond fruit surrounds the almond nut which is harvested when the fruit dries and splits open.
Milk made from almonds has a delicious light nutty flavor, and it makes a refreshing drink straight from the fridge. It can be used just like regular milk, or as a 'non-dairy milk' in just about any recipe.
Almonds without their shells can be stored for up to 1 month if kept airtight in a cool dark dry place, or up to a maximum of 12 months in the refrigerator if kept air tight. Almonds can be frozen for 2-3 years depending on temperature.
Almonds are particularly nutritious in protein, iron, vitamin E, zinc, and vitamin B2. They also have valuable amounts of magnesium, potassium, and folate (folic acid). Among the nut family, almonds provide the richest source of calcium.
Almonds contain more magnesium than oatmeal or even spinach, making a valuable contribution to good health: magnesium is needed for healthy bones, and for more than 300 biochemical reactions in the body. Magnesium helps maintain normal muscle and nerve function, keeps heart rhythm steady, and is involved in energy metabolism and protein synthesis. One ounce (about 23 almonds) provides more than a quarter of your daily needs for magnesium.
Making almond milk is quick and easy. It is best to soak the almonds overnight in purified or boiled water (the water must be cold when used for making milk). Then strain, dab nuts dry and freeze. The almonds nuts are then ready for making milk whenever you like. Using soaked/frozen nuts provides a much creamier and more nutritious milk than using dried nuts without first soaking.
To make milk, blend one part of nuts to five parts water. Always use the purest drinking water for making milk; otherwise the milk will spoil quickly. Add a teaspoon of sugar for taste. Better still add a teaspoon of Xylitol (a natural sweetener that protects your teeth and gums). Never use warm or hot water when making milk as this will greatly reduce the shelf life of the milk in the fridge.
For more super delicious and nutritious milk-making recipes see The Foolproof Diet.
The Best Alternative To Dairy Milk
Coconut Milk Powder can be purchased in supermarkets for making milk at home. However, this is not recommended because it usually contains whey or some other dairy milk product. Whey and cow milk products contain IGF-1 hormones which are known to bad for health and will not be suitable for anybody wanting to avoid dairy milk.
For general every day milk consumption coconut milk powder is best avoided, except for very occasional use. It is manufactured through a spray drying process of raw unsweetened coconut cream. This is very different from the more widely available and coarser desiccated coconut which is made by machines that merely grate the white coconut meat.
The process of spray drying has the effect of mixing oxygen (from the air) into the powder, under very hot drying conditions. As a result, coconut milk powder is "oxidized" and will go rancid quite quickly if not refrigerated and consumed within one or two days. This process also has the effect of increasing nitrate levels in powdered milk, whether dairy or coconut. High levels of nitrates can increase the risk of cancer.
Many people would like to have a good alternative to dairy milk. At the very least, most people would like to have more of a choice when it comes to milk. Dairy milk is known to be fattening and for some people lactose intolerance is a real issue. You can, of course, buy soy milk but this also has its drawbacks.
Genistein can increase the risk of cancer in a person who regularly consumes soy milk. Genistein does this by making body cells divide and multiply. The U.S National Cancer Institute says that genistein "disrupts signal transduction between cells and induces cell differentiation (i.e. cell multiplication)".
Coconut milk is very nutritious and absolutely delicious. Do not confuse canned "coconut milk" as sold in supermarkets with "home-made coconut milk". The former is a condiment, the latter is a genuine dairy milk substitute. You would use canned coconut milk as part of a recipe to make home-made coconut milk. It can be made quickly and easily in just a minute or so, and then be stored in the fridge just like regular milk.
Home-made coconut milk is non-fattening, nutritious, and absolutely delicious. Best of all it is far, far superior in quality compared to any kind of commercial milk, whether dairy or non-dairy. Up until now, making coconut milk at home has been a complicated and time-consuming affair. But now at last you can make coconut milk at home quickly and easily, saving time and money.


text:
|Temporary Art Show
For the first installment of Temporary Art Show 3, selected artists and collectives present diverse works of sculpture, installation, intervention, performance, drawing, sound and video for one night only.
Themes of the Dark Side project of Music Of Installations will be used that night at Westgate Studios in Wakefield, UK. The lift will be used as a wonderful environment for engaging the work. The lift isn't very fast and visitors have to go to the second floor. During the exhibition the soundscapes will be used inside the lift. What a wonderful idea by the curators!
The project is curated by Alice Bradshaw & Bob Milner, curators in residence at Westgate Studios.
(logo property of Alice & Bob)


text:
April 14th, 2016
You probably missed it. We were too busy waving palm branches and talking about envy to notice. But on March 20th, the world turned its despondent souls in search of mirth, merriment, and an abiding sense of well-being when it celebrated the 5th annual "International Day of Happiness" (HT: Think Theology).
Conceived of by the United Nations, the day is set aside to celebrate what all humanity longs for and which all nations ought urgently seek for their respective citizenries.
And this is no superficial appeal to collective sanguineness. The minds behind the Day have authored a guidebook in which both the marks and means of happiness are outlined. Let these be your guide (in acrostic fashion to boot!) and happiness is said to follow:
Giving – do things for others
Relating – connect with people
Exercising – take care of your body
Awareness – live life mindfully
Trying out – keep learning new things
Direction – have goals to look forward to
Resilience – find ways to bounce back
Emotions – look for what's good
Acceptance – be comfortable with who you are
Meaning – be part of something bigger
It's probably only someone from a 1st world country in which the experience of some idea of happiness is taken for granted who could look with amusement at this clever attempt both to define what happiness is, and also to chart a path to it. One may reasonably quibble with the list's assumptions about how to become happy. (It's conceivable that anyone in a war-torn country told to "find ways to bounce back" would answer with a punch–happily–to the gut.) But as far as identifying the nature of happiness as something more than the fleeting experience of joviality, you could do worse than this list. Life's sweetness does revolve around giving and connecting. It does rest on having a sense of purpose and of manifesting an inner poise that's derived from a sense of acceptance.
But cultivating happiness entails wisdom, too–often in the form of letting go of some of the ideas we formerly thought would make us happy. Travis Bradberry writes that happiness in large part comes down to expectations. Not that we set them low enough in order to be pleasantly surprised, but that we set them appropriately, and with some measure of optimism. There are notions that have become for us myths on the path to happiness that we do well to slough off like dead skin–like:
- Life should be fair
- Everyone should like me and should agree with me
- Things will make me happy
It's these expectations that we come to believe as the way to happiness–only to find they are a dead-end. The sooner we leave them behind, the more we increase our chances of finding that happiness we seek.
But even with our embrace of the right ideas and avoidance of the wrong ones, we all know that enduring happiness proves elusive. Circumstances collapse upon us. Our inclinations seduce and bewilder us into moods rife with anything but happiness. And some of our best efforts to practice those "happiness virtues" are met with inexplicable obstacles to what those efforts purpose.
Which leaves us with some formidable questions: is happiness, so fundamental to how we organize our lives, really a thing to be pursued, or only something to be grateful for when it comes our way? And if so much can do so little to afflict us with so much unhappiness, what are we to do in such a world?
Last Sunday we listened to the Sermon on the Mount in its entirety. This Sunday we begin taking it in, thought by thought, for the sake of finding in it the way of flourishing, community, and witness. Or more succinctly, the way of Life. Life with a capital L because this Life is the one that will endure, because it is the way of the Kingdom coming in and through Jesus.
As we explained in our preface to the recitation, we'll frame our consideration of each passage by asking how Jesus is reimagining life for us–how He is confronting a take on life that had become a given, what that new way of Life means, and how what He brings promises to bring this vision to reality.
His task of reimagining life begins with confronting commonplace ways of thinking about happiness. The Sermon begins, not with exhortations to an ethical system, but with blessings–"beatitudes" as they've come to be called. The Greek word for "blessed" (makarioi) is elsewhere translated as "happy." And while our typical associations with happiness are probably too narrow for all that Scripture might mean by "blessed," the blessing of God surely connotes that favor that conduces to a cheerful frame.
So in beginning His sermon with promises meant to satisfy, He proves God's interest in our delight–corroborating what we heard not that long ago. But as we'll find repeatedly in this Sermon, Jesus upends our expectations of how happiness–or blessedness–comes our way.
In the first beatitude we'll listen to this week, He will re-imagine the way of happiness by re-imagining for us goodness. If happiness is the experience of being a participant in the Good, then it follows that Jesus would have something to say, and at the beginning of His Sermon, about goodness–from where it comes, on what basis it does, and by what means.
On Easter Sunday we let George Gershwin set us up. This Sunday we'll let Rogers and Hammerstein do that–with a little help from Julie Andrews and Christopher Plummer.
- Q&A following worship offered rich insights and responses to the recitation of the Sermon. One was that, despite our thinking Jesus couldn't possibly have covered as much material in one sitting as we find in the Sermon, there are ample instances of the text speaking of Jesus teaching for hours, or of the church sitting to hear a whole letter from Paul. (And if it was his letter to the church at Rome, we'd can certainly imagine a call for a bathroom break.) So long stretches of oral instruction is only inconceivable to the degree that we are unfamiliar with such a practice. That Jesus spoke into a primarily oral culture is proof that more ancient peoples had a greater capacity to take in large swaths of discourse than perhaps we do today. All to say, there may be something to taking in an author's meaning in one sitting, rather than atomizing it into bite-sized chunks. We've posted this guidance before, but Joe Carter has here not just a method for imbibing whole books of the bible but a promise of what that kind of reading can do for you.
And for all the affirmation Kevin and I received at our interpretive recitation, it's important to note that memorizing Text is more a matter of time than complexity. I am fairly certain that any one of us could reproduce the lyrics to dozens of songs with the greatest of ease. That's because you heard them and sang them so often that it was as if their tracks had been laid down in your brain. Merely hearing words and speaking them is the best way to gain a command of them. So if you'd like to try your mind at memorizing, you could do worse than start here.
- Finally, there's a little picnic just around the corner we'd love for all you to come out and enjoy with us. Our newest members will be our guests of honor. Details about everything, including what to bring are on The City. If you haven't RSVP'd yet, we'd love for you to here.


text:
And that is the real point, isn't it?!?
Trusting faithfulness in the Messiah Yeshua makes us the sons of the free woman Sarah!
So I am telling you, MAN UP!
Stand firm in trusting faithfulness regarding the Messiah!
Don't throw away your inheritance to become sons of the slave woman Hagar once again!
Because if you do this . . .
if you choose to try and reach the goal by running the race under our own efforts . . . – under your own power . . .
you will fail miserably . . . last place!!!
Let me be blunt . . .
If you believe what these teachers have told you
– if you believe that you must become Jewish (circumcised) before God's loving-kindness – His grace will apply to you – – –
then what you are actually doing
is trying to be declared righteous though legalistic observance of a Torah command,
INSTEAD of, and NOT through, trusting faithfulness in the Messiah Yeshua!
If you choose to DO this despite this warning,
then those of you that do,
will nullify and render inactive your relationship with Messiah!
Make no mistake here . . .
you WILL 100% fall from God's loving-kindness – from His grace!
Whether we are Jewish or non-Jewish – circumcised or UN-circumcised
– being united with Messiah is based on one thing . . .
trusting faithfulness expressing itself through love!
Righteousness does NOT come through becoming Jewish,
it comes through trusting faithfulness in the Messiah Yeshua!
What bothers me is that you guys were running the race so well – You were running it to win!
Who convinced to you to stop running?!?
Who convinced you to go a different direction?!?
It is not working!
You are losing a race that you were winning!
I can tell you this, the person that persuaded you to do this is NOT from God!!! PERIOD!
Mark my words on that!
Since you think being Jewish is the route required to gain righteousness, let me quote a Jewish idiom for you:
"It takes only a little hametz to leaven the whole batch of dough."
I am convinced that since you are united with the Messiah, you will snap out of this and come to your senses.
I am equally as convinced that the knucklehead(s) teaching you all of this, WHOEVER he is, will have to bear the penalty for his teaching of this very different gospel – he will be punished!
It also seems that some of you think I myself am still preaching that circumcision is necessary.
If that was the case (which it is not!), then why would you and everyone that thinks that it is neccessary to become Jewish before God's grace will apply be upset with me?
Why would you or them be chasing after me as an enemy?
Persecuting me?
Doesn't make a bit of sense when I put it that way, does it?!?
In fact, if this was the case, my preaching about what happened on the cross would not bother anyone in the Jewish community . . . no, what bothers them, what really gets them riled up is that
I teach that non-Jews can join the people of God
WITHOUT becoming Jewish – WITHOUT getting circumcised!
If you want to know the truth, I wish these teachers teaching you
that you have to get snipped and become Jewish before God's grace will apply to you,
would go little bit further and just CASTRATE themselves!
That may sound way harsh, but I MEAN it!
Brothers, you were called to be free – you were called to be sons of Sarah – To be sons of the Spirit.
Just don't let this freedom become an incentive and excuse to become selfish – to return to your old nature – your human nature.
Instead, serve each other in love!
If we look at the ENTIRE Torah, it can be summed up in one simple command:
"Love your neighbor as yourself!"
I want you to pay close attention to what I am about to say!
Because if you guys keep up this partisan strife and
keep hurting and harming each other with it like you have been doing,
snapping and tearing each other to pieces,
you will completely destroy each other!
In other words, run your lives by the Holy standard – by the Spirit!
Don't run your lives by human standards – worldly standards (your old nature)!
If you trust me on this, you will NOT want the human standard which is based on your old nature.
I'll tell you why . . .
The Holy standard is in opposition to the human standard . . . Holiness vs. Worldliness
The Holy standard is a life lived by the Spirit.
A life lived and led by the Spirit is in direct opposition to a live lived and led in worldliness (old nature)!
And you know what?
A life led by the Spirit is NOT a life lived under a system that requires a prison guard.
It is a life lived in freedom, not jail – not prison . . .
Prison and jail that are a direct result of living a life without trusting faithfulness and depending only on a legalistic observance or Torah commands.
You guys want to know what you your human standard does – how your old nature expresses itself?!?
- In sexual immorality (sex outside of marriage, homosexuality, infidelity etc)
- impurity
- indecency
- involvement with the occult
- involvement with drugs
- feuding
- fighting
- becoming jealous
- getting angry
- selfish ambition
- factionalism
- intrigue
- envy
- drunkenness
- orgies
and a HUGE LONG LIST of other things just like these.
Let me make an emphatic point . . .
Let me WARN you now just as I have warned you before . . .
People that live worldly lives – people that want this human standard – people that want to do these things – people who love to follow their passions and desires regardless of what God has commanded . . .
whether they call themselves BELIEVERS or not,
will go STRAIGHT to HELL!!!
Do not pass go, do not collect $200!
They will NOT be part of the Kingdom of God!!!
In contrast, do you want to know what the Holy standard does – how a life lived by the Spirit expresses itself?!?
It produces the following outcome and results (fruit):
- love
- joy
- peace
- patience
- kindness
- goodness
- faithfulness
- humility
- self control
While the Torah can bring a charge against EVERY SINGLE THING in the previous list . . .
there is NOTHING in THIS LIST that the Torah can find fault with . . . NOTHING!
I want to make sure you get this!
In worldliness – the human standard – our old nature . . . the Torah can, and will, find fault.
In Holiness – the Godly standard – a life lead by the Spirit . . the Torah can NOT find fault!
I say this so that I can remind you that worldliness – the human standard – our old nature –
were put to death on the cross, along with all of its passions and desires
when we were united with the Messiah Yeshua and began living a life lead by the Spirit!
Since we choose to live a life of trusting faithfulness in Yeshua the Messiah (a life led by the Spirit) –
then let us also let our walks (our day to day lives) be guided by the Spirit – let our conduct in our day to day lives be guided by the Spirit!
Let us order our ENTIRE lives by the Spirit!
What we do NOT want to do in living this kind of life is let our old nature have any foothold.
Don't become conceited!
Don't provoke each other!
Don't envy each other!
These are NOT the way we order our day to day lives by the Spirit
- these are succumbing to our passions desires
- letting our human standard rule instead of the Spirit
- These are worldliness – the walk of our old nature!


text:
To view images from their story, please follow the link.
The best love is the kind that awakens the soul; that makes us reach for more, that plants the fire in our hearts and brings peace to our minds. That's what I hope to give you forever.
Error: Access Token is not valid or has expired. Feed will not update.
This error message is only visible to WordPress admins
There's an issue with the Instagram Access Token that you are using. Please obtain a new Access Token on the plugin's Settings page.
If you continue to have an issue with your Access Token then please see this FAQ for more information.


text:
The day after Wadi el Safi died, I heard my mom talk about him and she was irritated that such a huge Lebanese cultural icon was not commemorated properly. There are so many days dedicated to politics or useless politicians who brought nothing to Lebanon and offered nothing to its advancement are commemorated, but the death of this legendary man was barely even on television.
Yes there was a funeral and it was on TV but apart from that, no national grievance, no nothing. I mean this was the Michael Jackson of Lebanon (if not even greater), they could've made that day "Wadi el Safi day" or something. It made me wonder when Fairuz dies, will she get a 'meh' from society and that will be it?
Anyway, I was hanging out with my good friend Ahmad and when I opened the subject he immediately was like " Dude this guy was a legend he was amazing ..etc" and he went on to make me listen to "Lobnan ot'it sama" which I had never heard before. As soon as I heard it, I fell in love with Wadih's voice. It was breathtaking, something magical. We were just sitting there listening to this super old recording but of a great voice probably the greatest male voice of our country.
I immediately decided that I would remix that song. I felt it was my duty to pay tribute to this legend. I felt like I should make it more accessible to the Lebanese youth of today that is more into electronic music and reluctant to listen to Lebanese music (even I was guilty of that). But after hearing his music, this was the only way that I knew how to pay my respects and so the next day I did the remix and here we are.
Samer Etienne Chami aka ETYENSamer Etienne Chami aka ETYEN is a Lebanese music producer. He started making music when he was 12 from singer-songwriter to playing in rock bands and now producing electronic music. ETYEN's sound is indie electronica which is mostly a mix of ambient trippy chill-step dubstep and trap.
Whats the point of being the richest country in the world when we are behaving as spoiled brats?
With all the problems the world faces you would think such a a country as rich as Norway would do its part in helping out. Think again. Here is an article written by, Jo Skårderud translated to English, that tells you why.
The spoiled brat of the world! [more]
-How do the Lebanese react to incoming refugees from Syria vs. Ukraine?
Over the weekend I had the privilege of meeting a Syrian refugee staying at the brand new Hostel Beirut before he leaves to Paris on a university scholarship this Wednesday.
I asked him if he had any concerns about travelling for the first time or moving to a non-English or Arabic speaking country. His response was "I don't mean to be offensive, but anywhere but here is good... [more]
-She has been travelling independently w/ MEA for years!
-With commentary from a new guest poster!
Anything to Declare? Nuts, Fruit, Wheelchairs?
It is not the first time that I'm outraged when tuning into my favorite Arabic soap opera. No, I am not referring to the Syrian-Arabic dubbed Turkish series that have invaded Middle Eastern televisions and Lebanese women's hearts. In this case, I am referring to the 'News'.
Living in Lebanon f... [more]
Guest post by Karl Metni from the Unplugged Poets.
2Famous.TV has always been open for guest bloggers who have something to say. This was written by rapper/musician/poet from the Unplugged Poets, Karl Metni, and originally posted on his Facebook wall after a downtown demonstration against the bomb in Ashrafieh in 2012. Since that shocking bomb, more than six have exploded in Beirut, killing politicians, innocent civilians, and destroy... [more]
All-new pop punk riffs and catchy chords — Lazzy Lung's EP comes out with a bang!
We are happy to let you meet 2Famous.TV Radios new co-host, Christine Abi Assi. She will be helping us out with our RadioShow and she also has her own music blog; SillyGoon This is her first show where she, as our new co-host, interviews our old co-host, Allan from Lazzy Lung about their new EP.
[Christine]<... [more]
– Danish poet in Beirut sums up everything you need to know about Palestinian Poet in Denmark
This is a text montage, a text-collage of articles on Yahya Hassan, a recent young literary phenomenon in Denmark. Everybody knows about him. I just left Denmark's community of words, and then this fucking happens, someone stole my breakthrough. He is a Palestinian refugee from Lebanon lashing out on his own kind in the Muslim ghettos of Aarhus, Denmark where he grew up, blaming his ... [more]


text:
PBS : Celebrity AddressesClaim to Fame: Not currently in database
Address 1:
1320 Braddock PlAlexandria, VA
Latest Mail Result:No results yet. Please submit one!
Submit Your Mail Results | Mail Results History
(Your results help all community members!)
⇒ Report this address as outdated.
⇒ See "Member Tools for this celebrity" near the bottom of this page.
Member Tools for this Celebrity
⇒ Submit an address for PBS
⇒ Request an updated address for PBS
⇒ Setup email alerts for PBS.
⇒ Members Helping Members - Please help other members!
⇒ Report PBS is deceased
Other Tools
Our celebrity address database and community has thousands of addresses, members, and mail results!
Celebrities A-Z


text:
0 reads Leave a comment
Los Angeles Clippers rookie Branden Dawson was arrested on Sunday morning for felony spousal abuse. Dawson was taken into custody around 8:30 AM.
The alleged incident involved Dawson's live-in girlfriend. Details surrounding the incident have not been released yet, but Dawson remained in custody for about six hours before being released on $50,000 bond.
"It's an awful situation," Clippers coach Doc Rivers said. "I have a daughter. So, it's a terrible situation, but we'll figure out what we want to do and how we want to handle it."
If convicted, Branden could possibly face a 10 game suspension and could be ordered to undergo counseling under the NBA's collective bargaining agreement.
Also On Hot 107.5:
comments – add yours


text:
J.money is at it again. In case you missed it, we did a 360 fresh on him a while back with is joints – a party jam called 'Paparazzi' and he didn't stop there. Now he is back for more.
Recording on an ill instrumental and flow to leave your ears buzzing, J.money comes out with a new joint called "Question Mark" to let u figure it out. Still working in the studio he says this is just a tip of the iceberg. This joint is for the rap heads.
Listen up and enjoy![audio:https://www.360nobs.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Question-Mark.mp3|titles=Question Mark]


text:
Join us for an evening of jazz with Merlon Devine on Tuesday, December 4. Show starts at 8 pm. Purchase $15 tickets in advance or pay $20 at the door. Tickets do not guarantee a reserved seat. To reserve a table, please call (501) 244-9660.
Love and inspiration can come from many places, but Merlon Devine's love and inspiration to play music came from right inside his childhood home. Growing up with a singing mother and a guitar playing father, Merlon and his nine siblings lived in a home filled with gospel music. Although Merlon did not have the gift to sing as many of his siblings did, he eventually found his voice on the saxophone.
Merlon's signature sound and soulful expression on the horn has set him apart and propelled him onto various stages during his career. From mega churches to international jazz festival tours, concert halls and more, Merlon is a veteran performer known for his dynamic and mesmerizing stage presence. He has worked with gospel jazz artists Ben Tankard and Bruce Allen of the duo Allen and Allen. He has shared the stage with Kirk Whalum, Paul Jackson, Jr., Tom Braxton and Michael Manson to name a few. He considers Saxophonists Kirk Whalum and Najee as his musical mentors.
Intriguing, soulful, innovative and soothing describe the urban contemporary jazz styled music Merlon is known for. His latest single "The Platform" is currently being played on national and international stations!


text:
Please enter the email address you used to register. You will receive a temporary link to reset your password.
Black satin pouch bag with maxi crystal ball closure and CA&LOU embroidery
Add to wishlist
Maxi drop brass silver plated earrings with crystals
Faux black leather cross headband
Crystal embellished black velvet hairband
Silver plated brass necklace with crystals


text:
Finace/Investment Portals
Yahoo Finance: Finance portal.MSN Money: Investment tools, market news, stock research, quotes and charts.Reuters.com: Latest market news and general investment information.T.Rowe Price: Excellent source for investor education.ADVFN: Provides lots of company financial information in an easy to view format.
Mutual Fund Investing
Bear Market Central: List of bear mutual funds.Mutual Fund Comparison Tool: Compare a number of mutual fund side-by-side for returns, risks, fees, and holdings.Index Fund Advisors: Introduction to Index Funds.
Fixed Income Investing
Bonds Online: Information on all kinds of fixed income securities including corporate bonds, municipal bonds, treasuries, CDs, etc.InvestingInBonds.com: Excellent educational site for beginning as well as experienced bond investors. Quantum Online: Information on preferred stocks and other exchange-traded income investments.Yahoo Bond Center: You can search for bonds based on your criteria.Moodys.com Publishes bond and corporate credit ratings.Standardandpoors.com Another bond rating service.
Commodities Investing
Sharlynx Gold: For all about Gold investing.
Unclaimed Money Search: It is estimated that 9 out of 10 people are owed unclaimed government money and don't even know it! Find out how much you're owed with a free trial search.