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WIP and Progression Images
Creation of original character, Alithia. 2012 (Age 18)
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- Methodology Article
- Open Access
Reconstruction of novel transcription factor regulons through inference of their binding sites
- Abdulkadir Elmas1,
- Xiaodong Wang1Email author and
- Michael S. Samoilov2
© Elmas et al. 2015
- Received: 1 February 2015
- Accepted: 24 July 2015
- Published: 21 September 2015
In most sequenced organisms the number of known regulatory genes (e.g., transcription factors (TFs)) vastly exceeds the number of experimentally-verified regulons that could be associated with them. At present, identification of TF regulons is mostly done through comparative genomics approaches. Such methods could miss organism-specific regulatory interactions and often require expensive and time-consuming experimental techniques to generate the underlying data.
In this work, we present an efficient algorithm that aims to identify a given transcription factor's regulon through inference of its unknown binding sites, based on the discovery of its binding motif. The proposed approach relies on computational methods that utilize gene expression data sets and knockout fitness data sets which are available or may be straightforwardly obtained for many organisms. We computationally constructed the profiles of putative regulons for the TFs LexA, PurR and Fur in E. coli K12 and identified their binding motifs. Comparisons with an experimentally-verified database showed high recovery rates of the known regulon members, and indicated good predictions for the newly found genes with high biological significance. The proposed approach is also applicable to novel organisms for predicting unknown regulons of the transcriptional regulators. Results for the hypothetical protein D d e0289 in D. alaskensis include the discovery of a Fis-type TF binding motif.
The proposed motif-based regulon inference approach can discover the organism-specific regulatory interactions on a single genome, which may be missed by current comparative genomics techniques due to their limitations.
- Transcription factor
- Regulon identification
- Motif discovery
- Sequential Monte Carlo filtering
In most sequenced genomes a significant proportion (3–6 %) of all genes are known to encode transcription factors [1], an essential DNA-binding component that regulates target gene transcriptional activity. The promoter regions where TFs specifically bind on genome are usually located in intergenic sites. Extensive sequencing of genomes of various organisms revealed that there is a large conservation of intergenic regions across different species, often occurring among moderately-distant relatives. This is the main intuition behind comparative genomics approaches where one aims to reconstruct regulatory networks by exploiting evolutionary conservation of regulatory features. The assumption is that if a TF-encoding gene is preserved in a set of closely-related species, the respective target genes that are regulated via cognate TF binding sites also tend to be preserved [2]. Such regulatory elements as TFBSs and their target genes identified for each genome constitute the "regulon" of the given TF.
Although most known regulators abide evolutionary conservation, many TF-encoding genes can be organism-specific due to various reasons and the orthologs may not exist in closely-related species. In particular, the discovery of horizontal gene transfer can explain the occurrence of nonconserved regulatory members [3]. The intuition of "true sites occur upstream of orthologous genes, false sites are scattered at random" [2] can thereby miss organism-specific interactions by treating them as false predictions. Hence, there is some limitation to the comparative genomics approaches, and alternative techniques are needed to identify organism-specific regulatory interactions [4].
In this work, we attack this problem from a more general computational perspective by aiming at single-genome TF regulon reconstruction, which makes our approach also suitable for novel organisms. We demonstrated our results for the TFs LexA, PurR and Fur in model bacteria Escherichia coli K12 by comparing to their respective regulons in manually curated RegPrecise database [5]. The extended predictions –which are not captured by RegPrecise– are presented with annotations provided by GO [6] and Protein Interactions (http://www.pir.uniprot.org) databases. Putative regulon genes reported with high biological significance have expanded the known regulons of LexA, PurR and Fur. Furthermore, the results for a novel genome Desulfovibrio alaskensis discovered a Fis-type motif for the hypothetical regulator D d e0289.
Motif-based inference of novel regulons of transcription factors
The cis-acting regulatory elements of genes are usually located in upstream regions of their coding sequences, where gene expression is controlled by sequence-specific binding of the TFs. Co-expressed genes that have similar TF binding patterns in their regulatory regions can be good candidates for a putative regulon. Binding preference (motif) of a TF can be described by a matrix that represents the frequency of nucleotides observed in each position of the known binding sites. Among others, the position weight matrix (PWM) is a well-suited representation of motifs for statistical evaluation of the corresponding binding sites [7], and it is also a more sensitive metric for TFBS recognition [8].
Recently, more complex models are introduced when modeling TF-DNA binding affinities. In [9], it is shown that DNA structural features can be calculated from the nucleotide sequences in motif databases, and later [10] et al. proposed that certain 3D DNA shape information can be derived from high-throughput approaches. In [11], epigenetic factors (methylation, histone modification etc.) are considered in TF binding, where they investigated certain location- and cell-type specific relationships between epigenetic modifications and binding affinities. Although these studies expand the knowledge for modeling TF binding affinity, the proposed methods may not be readily employed in every genome. In this study, we focused on a more general regulon recovery approach based on the discovery of sequence motifs that could be broadly applied by only using the genome sequence and corresponding gene expression data sets.
In Methods section, we provide an overview of the key steps in our approach and general descriptions of the implemented algorithms. The mathematical details are given in the Additional file 1.
By using the proposed approaches we estimated binding motifs of the given transcription factors, and reconstructed their putative binding sites and regulons. We compared our results (i.e., estimated motifs, binding sites and regulated genes) with the RegPrecise database which is manually curated by an approach [12] most relevant to our work. We used the well-studied transcription factor regulons, LexA, PurR, and Fur in the model organism E. coli to validate our predictions. LexA is a repressor protein that –under non-stress conditions– represses SOS response genes which involve in repairing DNA damages. Manually-curated LexA regulon in RegPrecise database consists of 30 genes that are regulated by 26 operons. PurR is an important repressor for the transcriptional regulation of purine metabolism. Its regulon includes genes participating in the biosynthesis of purine/pyrimidine nucleotides. FUR consists of a family of TFs including metal ion-dependent regulators Fur, Mur, Zur, and Nur which are responsible for homeostasis of the metal ions in the organism. For each studied TF we used relevant gene expression assays and knockout fitness dataset when available. We also applied our approach to a novel genome D. alaskensis to predict the binding behavior of one of its hypothetical regulators Dde0289. In fact, we discovered a rare type of binding motif which is structurally-weak and unexposed to most sequence-based motif finding tools. We further validated this prediction by applying the same approach to the estimated motif's main presumed regulator (Fis) that has been annotated in E. coli [13]. The details of the applications and results are described as follows.
Results and discussion
Predictions in the model organism E. coli K12 validates our approach's sensitivity
To assess our approach's performance we reconstructed the regulons of LexA, PurR and Fur transcription factors which are among the well-studied regulons in Escherichia coli K12 strain. In literature, these transcription factor motifs are known to have palindromic sequence symmetry. The informative sites in the LexA motif are conserved in the middle of each half-site sequence, while for PurR and Fur they are mostly scattered across the motif and appear more informative near the motif half-site. In Figs. 3, 4 and 5 these structures can be seen in the estimated motifs too which are obtained by the proposed approach.
The best hits of the estimated (BAMBI2b) vs true (RegPrecise) LexA motifs in SwissRegulon database
Target ID
Optimal offset
Novel binding sites for LexA regulon
TFBS sequence
Functional enrichment in reconstructed LexA regulon
aklB, ada
aklB, ada, dinJ
DNA repair (SP-PIR)
DNA damage (SP-PIR)
Cellular response to stress (GO)
DNA repair (GO)
Response to DNA damage stimulus (GO)
The best hits of the estimated (BAMBI2b) vs true (RegPrecise) PurR motifs in SwissRegulon database
BAMBI2b motif
RegPrecise motif
Target ID
Optimal offset
Query consensus
Target consensus
Novel binding sites for PurR regulon
TFBS sequence
GO annotationss for this putative regulon suggested a cluster of genes with significant functional enrichment. Among the genes, nudB, cadA, cadB, cysZ, gltF, gltS, rhtC, and ygeW were members of this cluster which are annotated by the GO term nitrogen compound biosynthetic process (see Additional file 3).
The best hits of the estimated (BAMBI2b) vs true (RegPrecise) Fur motifs in SwissRegulon database
Target ID
Optimal offset
Functional enrichment in reconstructed Fur regulon
fes, fhuE
Iron (SP-PIR)
Iron transport (SP-PIR)
Transport (SP-PIR)
Ion transport (SP-PIR)
Since the performance of our approach depends on the complexity of the TF's regulatory network, we expect better performance for relatively smaller regulons. It can be seen from Fig. 6 that the recovery rates are less significant for the larger regulons Crp and Fnr. This is in accord with our expectations since the Crp and Fnr family TFs are among the 7 global regulators that control 50 % of all regulated genes in E. coli [25].
Results for the hypothetical proteins indicates good predictions for non-generic TF binding motifs
We used our approach to predict the motifs of hypothetical proteins of the novel organism Desulfovibrio alaskensis [26]. It is an anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria that is notable for its ability to produce hydrogen sulfide, a chemically reactive product toxic to plants, animals and humans. Dde0289 is one of the hypothetical DNA-binding proteins in D. alaskensis, which is annotated as a Sigma-54-dependent transcriptional activator. It is presumed to belong to Fis-type helix-turn-helix motifs in literature.
Although such structure is not generic in TF motifs, it is known that the intrinsic sequence-dependent protein-DNA conformations can result in high-affinity binding events. A recent study proposes that A-tracts are the preferred Fis-binding sites in E. coli, and in particular, A6-tracts provide the strongest binding signals [13]. A6-tracts are known to induce intrinsic curvature to segments of DNA [28], whereby it enhances the local region's exposure to transcription machinery.
The best hits of the estimated (BAMBI2b) vs true (RegulonDB) Fis motifs in SwissRegulon database
BAMBI2b motif
RegulonDB motif
Target ID
Optimal offset
Query consensus
Target consensus
Refining the methods
We applied certain constraints to refine our predictions. Knockout fitness data sets are integrated to refine high-confidence gene set estimation by giving more biological relevance. Integrating appropriately-selected growth conditions often showed a positive effect for eliminating false positive genes. In motif discovery, we imposed the two-block motif structure to account for palindromic or inverted/direct-repeat symmetry patterns of the TFBSs. We also used a heuristic to define an optimal data feeding order to motif discovery problem based on the co-expression of local genes.
Further constraints can be imposed in the reconstruction program to limit the extent of predictions, such as searching genes only in the downstream direction by the strand which TF putatively binds. On the other hand, some restrictions could be relaxed to refine the results in particular cases. For instance, one can obtain different estimates by performing multiple runs of BAMBI2b with scrambled data order, in particular, when the co-expression patterns are not very determinative. If a reference motif is available, e.g., when reconstructing/expanding known regulons, this allows one to directly use it as the prior PWM (θ) in the proposed motif discovery algorithm BAMBI2b (see Additional file 1 for more detail.) Such procedures will likely reduce the negative effect of the false positive sequences which can diminish the high-confidence set.
In this paper, we proposed a computational method to predict TF regulons of a single organism without relying on phylogenetic footprinting techniques. The proposed approach requires gene expression (and knockout fitness) experiments for the organism of interest, and thereby can be suitable for predicting novel TF regulons. In particular, we aimed at bacterial transcription factors by using a two-block motif model to represent the binding sites and minimizing an information-theoretic dissimilarity measure between the TFBS cores. The presented results for LexA, PurR and Fur TFs in the model organism E. coli showed high recovery rates for their experimentally-verified regulons. Possible extensions as additional TFBSs for the known regulon genes and new putatively regulated genes showing high biological significance are noted. Experiments with a novel organism D. alaskensis also showed intuitive predictions for the hypothetical regulators. In particular, we observed that our approach is sensitive enough to discover rare TF binding events by recovering structurally low-probability motifs. In the light of results reported, we conclude that a motif-based regulon inference approach can discover the organism-specific regulatory interactions on a single organism, which may be missed by current comparative genomics techniques due to their limitations.
Co-regulated gene set estimation
For a given TF, we first estimate a group of putatively co-regulated genes in which we seek coherent expression patterns with the given TF's coding gene. The gene expression data sets basically serve as the problem input. This computational problem has been addressed by numerous clustering algorithms [30, 31]. Recently, biclustering methods have gained more attention for their superiority in representing co-regulation in high-dimensional data sets by grouping the genes simultaneously with appropriate set of conditions. Since the generic clustering algorithms classify genes into different functional groups by considering all data points (conditions) at once they often fail to capture true interactions, if the genes exhibit similar behavior under only some but not all conditions.
In this work, we use a biclustering algorithm to select an optimal group among the annotated genes by simultaneously choosing a subset of experiments that best captures the group's co-expression. The optimization algorithm looks for linear coherency of the data points (i.e., genes' expressions) with the given TF's coding gene. This model assumes linear dependency of expression between the co-regulated gene pairs. Although such simplifications may not reflect the real underlying relationships, they often yield effective results by capturing the zero-th and first order interactions [32]. When the coherency in high-dimensional expression data becomes indiscriminate we employ the genome wide "knockout fitness" data as further biological evidence. The latter monitors the organism-level responses (fitness, survival rate) by exposing knockout/knockdown mutant strain libraries of genes to various experimental stress conditions [33], whereby providing the biclustering algorithm a systems-level insight.
Filtering out uninformative genes
After a high-confidence gene set is found we supply their upstream sequences for motif discovery. It is known that the adjacent genes are often co-regulated in local complexes (i.e., operons) and their expressions are controlled through only a few sites, hence the occurrence of binding sites in the upstream of such genes could be very sparse. So, the great majority of genes in an estimated high-confidence set may in fact belong to a few operons depending on the TF. In such cases, the upstream sequences not containing a cognate binding site will likely deteriorate the discovery of the true motif. We used a correlation-based filtering algorithm to detect those sequences that more likely contain a regulatory site of the underlying motif. Given a set of genes, by comparing each genes' expression coherency with the TF's coding gene the algorithm iteratively selects those that strictly follow its adjacent (preceding) gene's co-expression pattern. (The details –i.e., Algorithm 1– are given in Additional file 1).
Motif discovery
For the motif finding problem, we employ a Bayesian algorithm (BAMBI) [34] for discovering motifs of an unknown length and unknown number of instances in a given set of sequences. Estimating such unknown quantities as the number, length, and locations of the motif instances in each sequence is cast as a probabilistic inference problem through the use of hidden Markov model (HMM) framework. A computationally efficient sequential Monte Carlo algorithm is employed with a sampling procedure for constructing the posterior distributions of the hidden variables [35].
We modified this algorithm to capture particularly the TF motifs, i.e., by exploiting the intrinsic sequence properties such as base conservation and spatial similarity observed in the transcription factor binding sites. We called the newly proposed algorithm "BAMBI2b". Since in most TF binding sites the bases variably contribute to the affinity of TF-DNA binding complex, defining a suitable model tailored for TFs is crucial for motif discovery [36]. We employ a "two-block" motif model [37] to represent the TFBS's conserved (core) segments by a pair of "blocks" where the information content is mostly concentrated. The length and location of such segments within the motif are not known a priori and they are estimated within the Bayesian framework. On the other hand, most TF binding sites are known to have certain sequence similarities where the half sites (mostly cores) occur to be (i) Watson-Crick complements (palindromic symmetry), (ii) identical sequences (direct-repeat symmetry), or (iii) reversed sequences (inverted-repeat symmetry). We use an information-theoretic measure in order to estimate the correct symmetry type from the TFBS cores. The algorithm looks to find such motif instances that will minimize the sequence dissimilarity between the PWM's corresponding blocks, whereby maximizing the intrinsic symmetry conformation. (We represent the core dissimilarity as an averaged cross-entropy distance between the base probabilities of the motif blocks – see Additional file 1 for more detail).
Regulon reconstruction
Once the motif is established, we scan the entire genome by it for TFBS prediction. For each query sequence a binding score is calculated by a statistical significance metric using the motif's PWM and the background nucleotide distribution. For this, we used the site recognition method presented in [7] which evaluates a possible binding site by two metrics, i.e., a likelihood-ratio (raw) score that quantifies the degree of motif's preference in the respective site, and p-value that indicates the probability of obtaining this score (or a greater score) merely by chance. After setting a sufficient P-value threshold (0.001) and defining an intuitive log-likelihood ratio score threshold (e.g. such that the algorithm will recover the majority of the known TFBSs) we eliminate the structurally weak binding sites in our putative TFBS list, and check the remaining sites for a nearby gene appearance. Binding sequences that are located in the upstream of a gene's 5′ start site are paired with those genes, and they together constitute the putative operons of the TF.
We allow bi-directional search to identify target genes on both the forward and complementary strands. For example, if a TFBS is predicted to bind on the positive strand, we look for target genes via (i) the site's 5'–3' direction on the positive strand and (ii) the complementary site's 5'–3' direction on the negative strand. Each time a gene is found, the program checks –as an option– if the adjacent genes are predicted to be in the same operon by using the operon prediction database [17], and if so the program includes them in the putative regulon.
TFBSs falling within the intragenic regions are often ignored in comparative genomics approaches due to ortholog-dependent reconstruction. Here, we allow the algorithm to look for such binding sites within the coding regions or open reading frames. As a result, this significantly improves the recovery of experimentally-verified binding sites and increases novel predictions.
Motif comparison
We used Tomtom [38] to quantify the similarity between TF motifs. It calculates statistical measures between the given query motifs and a database of known motifs. In this study, we used the SwissRegulon's motif database [16] for E. coli TFs. For each motif, we displayed the results for the best hit obtained by Tomtom in its default settings.
Availability of supporting data
The data sets supporting the results of this article are included within the article (and its additional files).
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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Specialist Test & Monitoring Equipment
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Seven-point Code for good governance
Charity Governance has become a hot topic in recent years and the revised Charity Governance Code is worthy of highlighting.
The Code is not a legal requirement but a set of seven principles with several recommended practices to encourage good governance with the bar set intentionally high. It is hoped that it will be considered and followed.
Organisational purpose:
The trustees should be clear about the charity's aims and that they are being delivered effectively with a focus on strategy and performance, and a regular assessment on how well its agreed outcomes are being achieved.
The trustees should provide effective and strategic leadership to accomplish the charity's aims and values, should lead by example reflecting its values in a positive manner.
It should go without saying, but apparently cannot be taken for granted, that trustees must act with integrity promoting a culture within the charity to achieve its charitable purposes. Trustees are responsible for maintaining the public's confidence and trust in the charity, maintaining its high reputation and act to safeguard and promote those aims. Trustees must put the charity's interests before their own and be alert to improper influence.
Decision-making, risk and control:
Trustees must ensure all decision-making processes are rigorous, informed with effective and monitored risk assessment and management systems. Effective and judicial delegation is key and a rigorous decision making process to achieve this outcome.
Board effectiveness:
Trustees act as a team using their background skills and knowledge to make informed decisions. Good leadership will draw on those skills creating a culture that allows differing opinions to be expressed.
Differing backgrounds can help create an atmosphere of informed debate enabling the charity to cope with fast moving changes, reacting accordingly and thereby improve the decision making process. Choosing trustees from varying backgrounds and experience can stimulate a variety of ideas and future vision.
Openness and accountability:
To achieve and maintain public trust and confidence the charity, its leadership and processes, should be transparent and accountable. Celebrate its successes and learn from mistakes through genuine communication with all those who come into contact with it.
This is just the briefest of outlines. The Charity Commission say they will not take regulatory action against charities that fail to apply the new sector governance code but its release is 'very much the start of what needs to be a process to socialise the code and create a movement around good governance'. Remember the Code is designed to promote high standards of governance, but the processes to achieve this are for the trustees to design.
Sponsored by Paul Wilks & co


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Block someone in Google Allo
You can block someone from messaging you in Google Allo.
When you block someone
- You won't receive messages from the phone number you blocked in a one-on-one chat with them.
- You can't add the person you blocked to any groups. Nor can the person you blocked add you to any groups.
- Other people can still add the person you blocked to group chats that you're both in.
Note: This feature only works on Allo's mobile app.
Block someone in a one-to-one chat
- Open Allo.
- Tap the conversation with the person you want to block.
- In the upper right, tap the profile icon Chat details Block
- Tap Block to confirm you want to block the person.
See blocked contacts
You can see all your blocked contacts in the menu options.
- Open Allo.
- Tap Menu Blocked contacts.
Unblock contacts
- Open Allo.
- Tap Menu Blocked contacts.
- Next to the contact to unblock, tap Unblock.
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"Do not judge, and you will not be judged; and do not condemn, and you will not be condemned; pardon, and you will be pardoned."
Luke 6:37
When Jesus says we should not judge others, He doesn't mean we shouldn't evaluate another person's actions, their beliefs or the things that they teach. If this were the case, then we would accept whatever is presented to us, whether it is right or wrong. The judgment Christ is talking about is the judgement that condemns; that is self-righteous. This judgment looks down on another person and assumes we know the motives of their heart. In our extreme attempt as a culture to be tolerant we miss the necessity to be discerning. And discernment is something we're called to be. "If your brother sins, go and show him his fault in private; if he listens to you, you have won your brother. But if he does not listen to you, take one or two more with you, so that by the mouth of two or three witnesses every fact may be confirmed. If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the church; and if he refuses to listen even to the church, let him be to you as a Gentile and a tax collector." Matthew 18:15-17
("Gentile" and "tax collector" in this case would describe an unbeliever. Someone who is unrepentant.) The Apostle Paul instructed the church to discern also. "I wrote you in my letter not to associate with immoral people; I did not at all mean with the immoral people of this world, or with the covetous and swindlers, or with idolaters, for then you would have to go out of the world. But actually, I wrote to you not to associate with any so-called brother if he is an immoral person, or covetous, or an idolater, or a reviler, or a drunkard, or a swindler—not even to eat with such a one. For what have I to do with judging outsiders? Do you not judge those who are within the church? But those who are outside, God judges. Remove the wicked man from among yourselves." (1 Corinthians 5:9-13) Clearly Christ's words in Luke 6:37 do not mean we should disregard the sin in other people's lives.


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I've been nominated to take part in the Liebster Awards by Spencres Curls, its basically a bunch of questions about blogging!
1. What do you enjoy most about blogging?
Being able to talk my pants off about my passions with people who have the same interests
2. Whats your biggest goal in life?
To become a Make Up Artist
3. If you could only use one make up product for the rest of your life, what would you use?
MAC Studio fix fluid for sure !!
4. Most embarrassing moment?
Probably when I had my back tattoo done. I passed out even though I wasn't in pain!!
5. Favourite things to do in your spare time?
blogging, drinking cocktails and cuddling my chihuahua
6. Dream vacation spot?
7. What's your favourite trend at the moment?
All black everything
8. Whats your least favourite trend at the moment?
Dungarees (just on me though)
9. What motto/quote do you live your life by?
If you can't love yourself, how the hell are you gon' love somebody else
10. Flats or Heels (boots, sandals, anything)
Heeled boots
11. What's your favourite lip colour/shade of all time?
I can't choose just one! But MAC's lady danger, candy yum yum and myth are probably my top three.
Here are your questions ladies :)
1. What are your 3 summer beauty must haves?
2. If you could give one beauty tip, what would it be?
3.Biggest achievement in life so far?
2. If you could give one beauty tip, what would it be?
3.Biggest achievement in life so far?
4. Biggest beauty blunder?
5. Do you have any pet hates?
6. If you lost all your make up tomorrow, what would be the first thing you would repurchase?
7. Is there something you couldn't live without?
8.Why did you start blogging?
9. Favourite sweet treat?
10. What song can't you stop listening to at the moment?
Hope you enjoyed this different post
I did!!
lots of love, effstarbeauty xoxo


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Sierra Necklace – Mauve Pink $85 (SOLD OUT)
This gorgeous tribal inspired beauty speaks for itself.
Infused with gorgeous pops of colour, this piece is a combination of chic boho luxe and tribal elegance. These beautiful Czech Snake Beads are made in Bohemia, Czechoslovakia.The original Bohemian Snake Beads can be up to 150 years old. They were made during the height of glass bead production within Czechoslovakia and are still the most sought after types of snake beads.
Material mix: Czech glass snake beads, Swarovski Neon pearls, Heishi brass spacers, sleek Gold plated chain, gold plated glass beads, gold plated lobster clasp.
Chain length: approx 22″ (56cm)
Other colours: White, Teal Green, Charcoal Black, Dark Violet Blue, Summer Yellow.


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What an amazing show we had at the Slider's Cafe in the cutest little town, Carnation, Washington.
They grilled the brats, folks came and sat all around, and we sang our hearts out. Well, truth be told, Kendra sang her heart out cause Greg picked up quite the bug from somewhere out there.
But the show must go on! Greg rallied and provided a solid foundation of guitar and a pure beam of joy. Kendra closed her eyes and threw down some vocals and bluesy cello solos. And the audience loved it!
Next time you're driving through Washington, stop at Slider's Cafe for sure!
Thank you, Jessa Young, for setting everything up and sharing your fabulous music right along side us!


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The Original Heresy?
Scot McKnight:
The theme of burial with Christ is that we are raised to be one. The original heresy was to cut up the body of Christ and hack it to pieces.
What if the heretics were not only in the church, but the churches themselves were the ones committing the heresy?
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Does your church sign advertise oneness in Christ or difference from other churches? How does it do so? Does your church website market your distinctiveness or your union with all churches in Christ?


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Plants Viewer
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This common perennial is an invasive weed at times. It can grow to about four feet(1.2mtrs) and crowd out other plants, But if kept in check it produces these wonderful light, purple daisy type flowers when very little else is flowering in September and October. It flowers for a long time and seeds itself readily. The fluffy seeds can be on the plant at the same time. I burn the tops after flowering to prevent the seeds blowing away and seeding itself everywhere.
Click picture to see larger view and more information


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Billy Batson, a youth who works as a radio news reporter is chosen to be a champion of good by the wizard Shazam. Whenever Billy speaks the wizard's name, he is instantly struck by a magic lightning bolt that transforms him into an adult superhero empowered with the abilities of six mythical figures.
Starring: Zachary Levi, Asher Angel, Jack Dylan Grazer


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Perfect for class, work or the gym, the Wayfarer Messenger Bag is packed with pockets. The dual-buckle flap closure reveals an organizational panel, and the roomy main compartment has spaces for your laptop and a change of clothes. An adjustable shoulder strap and easy-grip handle promise easy carrying.


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Italian legend – Chef Massimo Bottura shares stories and his take on food
Culture is the most important ingredient for chefs because it brings knowledge. You don't cook to show how good you are, rather we use culture to express the ingredients.
On one fine afternoon in March, Jakarta was blessed with a visit from one of the world's culinary luminaries. Chef Massimo Bottura -who hails from Modena in Italy- graced the kitchen floor of the Orient8 restaurant at the Hotel Mulia Senayan for an unprecedented two-night dinner hosted by the maestro himself. Chef Bottura made a name for himself by garnering three prestigious Michelin stars at his flagship restaurant Osteria Francescana in his hometown of Modena. Not to mention that his restaurant constantly ranks as the top five restaurants in the world by the media, pundits, and peers alike. So when someone of Bottura's stature visits Jakarta, it was treated as if royalty had just arrived.
As luck would have it, we were fortunate enough to attend a special audience with Chef Bottura as part of a media event prior to the actual dinner. After sampling around half of the dinner menu, we were treated to a Q&A session with Chef Bottura. Right from the very beginning you can see and feel that Chef Bottura is a man of passion with a deeply rooted love for the culinary world. Unlike some chefs out there, there was hardly a shred of pompousness or self-righteousness visible from his character. Here's a man who is considered to be one of –if not- the best in the world at what he does and he's in front of us sharing stories about his first encounter with nasi Padang.
We couldn't resist from getting to know the man better and therefore launched a series of questions aimed to shed a light on what makes him tick. Chef Bottura considered himself an artisan first and foremost. "Someone who makes beautiful objects is an artisan," he says. This little piece of information is supported by the way he plates his dishes are more similar to individual pieces of art rather than a plate of food. One of his most famous dishes –aptly named Psychedelic Veal Not Flame Grilled- was partially inspired by renowned artist Damien Hirst. Chef Bottura claims that the food he serves is a reflection of his passion, which he likens to having a conversation with an audience. "My dialogue is not with your mind," he says. "I can talk or elaborate about the ingredients, but my dialogue is with your palate."
Being a man who was brought up in a rich cultural surrounding with tight familial ties, Chef Bottura can never the discount the importance of one's own upbringing. "Culture is the most important ingredient for chefs because it brings knowledge," he says. "You don't cook to show how good you are, rather we use culture to express the ingredients." It was evident that this whole notion plays a significant part of his ethos in the kitchen. Due to his experience growing up in the north of Italy, Chef Bottura considers rice to be an integral ingredient in his cooking not only because it's in abundance, but also because of what it signifies. "Rice brings a message of hope," he says.
From his statements, it's clear that Chef Bottura is person who understands the underlying philosophies of cooking. He disclosed that one's ego must suppressed in order to succeed in the culinary world. Good food is all that matters to the maestro and everything else is just white noise. Although he did have a few choice words about Nordic cuisine, he did admit that it was a great idea and he realised that. Chef Bottura did not allow his ego to get the better of him and firmly supported the Nordic movement because they produced good food.
After getting a good dose of his intangible qualities, it was a no-brainer to ask if Chef Bottura tasted any of our culinary treasures. He went on to reveal that he tasted gulai ayam (Padang-styled chicken curry) the day before. "I'm impressed with Indonesian food," he says. "I ask myself why Indonesian food is not commonly found anywhere else." He believed that Indonesian food has a huge potential in the future. An anecdote about Peruvian food was his prime example. Peruvian cuisine did make a big splash on the world's culinary scene over the last few years and according to Chef Bottura, Indonesians can certainly emulate the Peruvians. "Encourage the younger generation of Indonesia to travel and believe in your agricultural products," he says.
With the Q&A session winding down, the final question for Chef Bottura was catered towards budding chefs who are still trying to make a name for themselves. There's hardly a better source of knowledge than a three Michelin star chef. He advised that up-and-coming chefs should pay careful attention to the taste palates. Because if there's no balance between the tastes, then your cuisine will not be memorable. Aside from balance of taste, Chef Bottura also noted the importance of enjoying your daily routine and be relaxed about it. "The secret to chef life is not to lose yourself in everyday life," he says. "If you lose yourself into obsession, you lose creativity."


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On 13 February the single Everything Counts Live was
released. It had been recorded at the Rosebowl. B-sides were other live tracks
as well as some remixes.
On 13 March the album 101 - Live was released.
On 12 June Martin released his solo album Counterfeit e.p. with cover songs.
The internal problems increased slowly, although it wasn't obvious to the public, and maybe even still not obvious to the band. So Alan would say later that the atmosphere was good around then. Martin also would depict the late 1980s as being absolutely great. He loved the feeling of being in a real gang. He said that he had a feeling of being invincible, and conquering whichever city they arrived in.
But from this point onwards this could be true only partly, because the excess became more serious - also in public. They became known as the band that was able to drink a whole bar dry in one evening. I remember an article that began with meeting the band in a bar, and the band members were frustrated because it was a milk bar or something like that, so no alcohol was available.
This became particularly noticeable at the beginning of the recording of
Violator in Milan, when they mainly got out of it instead of working.
Dave's marriage ran into trouble. He frequently called Theresa, mostly drunk. During the rehearsals for Worldviolation, he met her again, and he thought he had fallen in love with her.
Alan: "Dave was increasingly living in his own world. The most unsettling thing was that his drug use adversely affected his personality, either through enhanced aggression or the loss of his greatest asset, his sense of humour. I think I noticed it during the period of recording Violator in Milan. I remember, for no reason, he deliberately picked a fight with about 10 locals just walking down the street. I was petrified, expecting to be knifed at any moment, but somehow he always got away with that sort of behaviour."[1]
(Dangerous - with friendly permission of © Xiker Hidalgo)
They recorded Violator about three weeks at Mute in London before they
moved on to Milan. They spent about six weeks there, but most of the time they
weren't doing anything. Instead, they went out partying. Concentration levels
were low, and in some ways the tensions were exacerbated by Alan's and Flood's
(the co-producer on Violator and SOFAD) desire to spend more time
constructing intricate sequences and involved sounds.
Alan: "Studios can be incredibly claustrophobic places - even more for those who perhaps don't play a big part in the nuts and bolts of the process. Boredom is an especially powerful and destructive force. For example, one of the most annoying things is if I'm working on a complicated sample (which I want to cut up into many pieces and reconfigure into something new), the process is inevitably complex and until the procedure is complete, things will usually sound chaotic and meaningless to anyone listening in. If someone who doesn't fully understand this procedure interjects negatively at an unfinished stage, it can be really irritating."
Additional tensions were brought in by Francois Kervorkian.
Alan: "Francois had mixed Personal Jesus with us in Milan and brought with him an excitable and at times quite 'difficult to work with' personality. He was quite loud and opinionated as well as being prone to mood swings for no apparent reason. I liked him though, and his methods. We never took him or his stroppiness too seriously and a healthy amount of piss taking would usually force a smile to his face. He looks something like the British athlete, Fatima Whitbread, so her poster ended up on the studio wall (much to his disgust). He liked to work long hours and is something of a perfectionist - again, something I admired. For him, it must have been as strange an experience to work with us as it was for us to work with him. However, the tension that resulted from this was good for the record and provided the individual tracks with some extra touches, as well as a much-needed new angle."[2]
Later they mixed the whole album with Kervorkian in London.
In Milan only the single Personal Jesus / Dangerous got ready and was released on 29 August. Beside the 7" mix, there were some different versions of Personal Jesus available, an acoustic version, the Holier than Thou Approach (this is the 12" version), the Pump Mix (instrumental) and the Telephone Stomp Mix. There were also two different versions of the B-side Dangerous available, the Hazchemix and the Sensual Mix. While most other DM singles prior to Personal Jesus usually had band-made extended mixes, the band started to invite more DJs and mixers which would become the mainstay for all future DM singles.
Personal Jesus would become one of their most successful singles although
many people misinterpreted the song.
Martin: "Our problem is that we've never been banned, just relegated to the evening shows. We did have a few problems with Personal Jesus but in America they took it as a religious tribute. Ha! It seems you can get away with anything if you've got nice pop tunes!"[3]
Fletch: "We were always very, very pessimistic as a band, we were always afraid the worst could happen. We always think the record gets bad, that it has a bad chart entry, isn't played on the radio. Martin wrote Personal Jesus and we loved it. It was an excellent song, sounded excellently, we recorded it ... and we thought: 'This record will never be played.' We wouldn't say our songs are controversial. They do cause controversy, but Martin would say all he does is write about life. Martin's a classic songwriter and he's a great pop fan. When he presents songs to us they're songs he's dead sure about. We're like a family really, so usually what he writes about is the sort of thing we're experiencing too. Martin doesn't get us around the table and say 'Listen lads, this is what this one's about.' He never explains the lyrics at all. I've heard about 10 different interpretations of Personal Jesus and that's what Martin really likes."[4]
Martin mentioned that Personal Jesus is based on Priscilla Presley calling her husband Elvis by that name. "It's a song about being a Jesus for somebody else, someone to give you hope and care. It's about how Elvis was her man and her mentor and how often that happens in love relationships; how everybody's heart is like a god in some way, and that's not a very balanced view of someone, is it?"[5]
In another interview (a video interview during the recording session at the Puk Studios) Dave said that the lyrics are about "TV-preachers" in the U.S., who you just have to phone to get rid of all your sorrows. Probably the title of the song and the figure of "Personal Jesus" itself refer to what Martin said, while the lyrics suit the story about the TV-preachers.
Personal Jesus was the band's first gold single in the U.S. and their first Top 40 hit there since People Are People.
Dave (about the acoustic version of Personal Jesus):
"That's, I'm sure, how the song was originally written. Martin and I just went
in the studio, and he strummed away while I was singing. I think it's a
really good feel, actually - it's the song at it's bare minimum. And a very
different sort of sound of Depeche Mode as well."[6]
Fletch (about the video): "Personal Jesus could have been my worst experience because we was actually in this desert town in Spain, it was one of these cowboy towns where they make all the westerns and stuff. And all day, they'd been telling me, 'Well, Fletch, you know, you've got to ride a horse later,' and things like that. And I was like, 'Aw, f***. You know, I can't ride a horse.' You know. 'Don't worry, you'll be OK. He's nice, he's calm ... he's big, but he's OK.' And it came to this bit and everyone was with me to watch me ride this horse, you know. It turned out it was a rocking horse. It's like one of those sort of nice wind-ups, but it did spoil my whole day thinking about that."[7]
(Personal Jesus - with friendly permission of ©
Ariel Zuhal & Candy Durant
Calamity in Second Life on Facebook)
With Violator the band tried to improve the recording and the production
process and explore new ways, although Fletch probably exaggerated it a bit too
much when he said, "In the past we were basically
re-recording Martin's demos with better sound, better production and Dave's
vocals. For this album we said to Martin, just present the demos on
acoustic guitar and organ, only lyrics and chords, so we could decide
the direction of songs as a group. It's also the first time we've used a
producer rather than an engineer / producer."[8]
Well, they probably didn't just "re-recording Martin's demos with better sound, better production and Dave's vocals" in the past. (E.g. Pipeline is quite different to the demo, while the demo to Shake the Disease is close to final result.) Or as Alan said, "If we had recorded them as they were I could have gone on holiday for a year." But: "It is probably fair to say that from Violator onwards, the final results bore less resemblance to the original demos."
They had already had a co-producer with David Bascombe at Music for the Masses, and Flood with whom they recorded Violator and later SOFAD was also only a co-producer.
So this statement is more specific:
Alan: "We did something that was extremely strange to us - we simply went into the studio and played. It might sound funny but it was really strange for us."
And about Flood's role, he said, "Flood and I worked well together. Our styles complimented each other - my musical angle coupled with his technical prowess."
While Martin would reflect Violator as "Alan's album" (and remarkably as his "favourite record") later, Alan wasn't satisfied completely, favoured SOFAD much more. Dave was quite self-critical as well.
Alan: "There were times when it was obvious that Dave would have liked the band to 'rock out' more. Even though I wouldn't have necessarily advocated the use of more guitars, I could sometimes share his sense of frustration at the lack of dynamics - something I go on about a lot as well because I believe it is so important within music."
Dave tried to bring himself more into the production and they "used some of his playing" [on the guitar] "as sound effects in one of the crossfade sections of Violator. He has his own 'special' style", when he plays the guitar."[9]
The next recording session for Violator took place in the Puk Studios in Denmark,
before they mixed the album in London.
Alan: "The Puk period was much more prolific and although some tracks like Clean and Policy of Truth went through many guises before the final versions were settled upon, we had the most productive and enjoyable time."[10]
Martin: "We had a lot of problems with recording Policy of Truth. We actually recorded it twice, two totally different versions. For a long time it sounded ... some kind of stupid ... it had no surprises or anything. But in the end we really liked the result of it.[11] I remember the original demo of World in My Eyes being slightly faster and maybe slightly more obvious. While we were recording it in Milan, Dave was going away for a couple of days, so we worked on it and turned it into this really moody piece. I can remember Dave arriving back in the studio, slightly jet-lagged and being totally shocked, thinking that we just ruined the song, but half a day later he came back and said 'that's really good, the way it's turned out.' It always takes a while to get used to things."[12]
Alan: "There was a song called Mother Me which we also recorded during this period but never finished, and for a long time Happiest Girl was going to be on the LP. As for singles, Halo was on a short-list but was never really a major contender. We ended up using it in a roundabout way by making a video (as well as one for Clean) to fill out the Strange Too compilation."[13]
Whereas this recording session had been a very successful one, another problem
arose. Fletch suffered from a serious depression and became convinced he was
physically ill. Finally, he had to depart to see a doctor.
Martin: "It was absolutely hopeless, it didn't matter what you said. He would sit in the studio moaning with the longest face on, then would get up and kind of shuffle to the floor like an old man. There was one day after he walked out, the rest of us looked at each other and burst out laughing because it just looked like an act! We were thinking he can't be serious! But he was. That was the first week of it happening, we had no idea that he was going through depression."[14]
For a while Fletch went to several doctors who tried different kinds of anti-depression medication. These changed his personality and made things worse. It took long before the right therapy was found.
(with friendly permission of © Stella)
On 14 November the film 101 was finally released.
Mute released it as a double DVD. Disc One included the film, Disc Two showed
parts of the Rosebowl gig.
Not everyone liked the film, and some journalists wanted to know why it had been
made at all.
Dave: "The problem with this country [UK] is that we've always been underrated artistically." (Well, not only in the UK. I recently found some reviews about DM-albums in old German music-magazines and was pretty surprised at some so-called music-experts.) "That's one of the reasons to make this film; we wanted to be portrayed as we really were, and if we're still considered dickheads, then fair enough."[15]
Martin: "Well, I think with us it wasn't really a serious analysis of our career. And on the other side, this was the right time to do a film. I think 101 is quite interesting although I'm still very sceptical as to whether it's gonna work in the cinema. But it will definitely work as a video cassette for fans. I hope the fans understand us. We try to put some realism into our music - if people see the film, they would see that we are not the serious people that they imagine. There's a lot of humour in 101 and there aren't any scenes where you see us sitting down and discussing philosophy. We have fun, but we take our music very seriously. We are very realistic and because of that we get accused of being a depressive pop band. I can't understand that."[16]
Dave: "Well the film is something that we've been working on for a
long while, all in all about six months. We started to work on it during
the tour - the tour lasted around ten months - and so we felt we had to
sort of document the whole thing, because it was such a big thing that we
were doing in our career. And then we decided to do this big show at the
Rosebowl to finish the whole tour off ..."
The last quote was taken from a TV interview, and the following conversation developed:
Interviewer: "The Rosebowl where?"
Dave: "In Pasadena."
Interviewer: "In California?"
Dave: "In California, yeah, and that was like the biggest crowd we'd ever played to, and we felt that we should really get it on film."
Interviewer: "And the film is called 101?"
Dave: "Yeah."
Interviewer: "Why?"
Dave: "Well it was in fact the hundred and first concert of the tour ..."
Interviewer: "Oh really?"
Dave: "We were hoping it to be a hundred, but somewhere another one got added."
Interviewer: "Oh, I think 101 actually has a lot more ring to it than one hundred."[17]
Just as an example for some journalists' questions ...
After all these years it's still not clear how many people actually were at the concert.
Dave: "There was actually about 70,000 people - there have been various different people saying different amounts - but there was actually about 70,000."[18]
Fletch: "I think we were more nervous about the recording and filming of the show than the actual number of people at the Rosebowl. Personally, I'm blind so I can only see the front row."[19]
Whether there were 70,000 or 60,000 - the Masses-Tour had been very successful and set the ball rolling for a new development. DM had become a huge event, and suddenly earned more money with T-shirts than with anything else.
Dave: "When you tour America, suddenly things like merchandising are far more important than ticket sales. Merchandise finances tours. People talk about million dollar deals with merchandisers. Before you know it, you may as well be running a chain of T-shirt shops. To tour in America you need to sell T-shirts."[20]
Not all fans as well as not all members of the band were happy about 101
Alan: "To be honest, I could have done without the 'fans on the bus' angle which I felt gave the whole film too much of a pop feel. That's not to say I didn't like the fans, I just think Pennebaker was limited because he had to make the film from the only perspective he had - a pop band playing to massive audiences of screaming kids. For that reason alone the film works but from my personal perspective it's not all that interesting. I would have liked it to have offered something more in-depth."
He also found it "all pretty embarrassing actually" to see himself acting in this film, "especially the premiere in London with my parents and friends sitting there watching us make fools of ourselves in massive cinemascope."[21]
[1] Just Can't Get Enough, Uncut, May 2001. Words: Stephen Dalton
[2] www.recoil.co.uk
[3] Sin Machine, NME, 17 February 1990. Words: Stuart Maconie
[4] Breaking the Silence, Record Mirror, 17 March 1990. Words: Lisa Tilston
[5] Pop a la Mode, Spin, 4 July 1990. Words: Marisa Fox.
[6] The Wherehouse 3/20/90, Sire/Reprise/Mute PRO-C-4329
[7] Interview with Depeche Mode, The Videos 86>98, Mute MF033 and Videos 86>98+, Mute MF042. Director: Sven Harding.
[8] Breaking the Silence, Record Mirror, 17 March 1990. Words: Lisa Tilston
[9] www.recoil.co.uk
[10] www.recoil.co.uk
[11] TV-Interview, 1990
[12] The Singles 86-98 by Martin Gore, Bong 37, September 1998. Compiled by Michaela Olexova
[13] www.recoil.co.uk
[14] Just Can't Get Enough, Uncut, May 2001. Words: Stephen Dalton
[15] The Unlikely Lads, Q, April 1989. Words: Mat Snow
[16] Boys on Film, Melody Maker, 15 April 1989. Words: Francesco Adinolfi
[17] In Movie Mode, "TV-AM", ITV, February 1989
[18] In Movie Mode, "TV-AM", ITV, February 1989
[19] Ask Fletch, Bong 5, May 1989
[20] The Unlikely Lads, Q, April 1989. Words: Mat Snow
[21] www.recoil.co.uk


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April 4, 2018
Caitlin's Maternity Shoot at the Ruth Bancroft Garden
On Good Friday, we went out to Ruth Bancroft Garden (click on name to read about this amazing garden!) Caitlin loves cactus and succulents and wanted this extraordinary garden to be the back drop for her maternity shoot. I was honored, and happy when Caitlin asked me to do the shoot for her. We had a lot of fun taking the photos and discovering all these gorgeous plants at the same time. It's such a jewel box of a place and if you live out in the East Bay Area, you really need to go and check this place out! There were plants I have never seen in my life. My favorite one was the one pictured that looks like an eight foot asparagus!!!
I think the pictures turned out really beautiful and Caitlin was happy with them, so that makes me happy. I love photography, and since as far back as I can remember, I always wanted to do something in that field. When I was in High school, my dream was to be a photo journalist and work for National Geographic. That didn't pan out hahah, but photography was always in my life. In college I took many photography classes, and was in the dark room for many hours at a time perfecting my skill, and to this day those are my fondest memories of my University days. I had an excellent professor and learned a lot. Of course now everything is digital and edited with fancy filters. The skill involved in making a print in a dark room took a lot trial and error, which I believe was part of the fun. I'm not saying that editing digital images is no less of an art form, it's just that it is much easier to do I believe. The artistry in photography also is capturing that image right? Caitlin decided that instead of seeking out a photographer to do her shoot, she would have the closest person that knows her the best, to capture the most beautiful time in her life. I think the strongest photos tell a story about the people, and I hope that years from now Ruby will look at these and see how in Love her parents were and what beautiful souls they are. Her mother in full bloom with her, just like all the beautiful plants surrounding her in bloom as well. Her father in complete love with her mother and the beautiful life she is carrying.
Hope you enjoyed taking a peek at some of my favorite shots of the day!
****btw, I didn't use any fancy filters when editing these photos. Just a bit of tweaking in brightness and color correction.****
7 comments:
How beautiful are the parents-to-be, the gardens and the photography!ReplyDelete
You are so talented, Elizabeth. These are all just gorgeous! Caitlin is a beautiful mom to be! Ruby will be so happy to look back on these photos some day.ReplyDelete
Thanks Julia!ReplyDelete
For some reason Blogger won't let me hit reply, so I hope you can see this hahah.
Wow! Absolutely amazing maternity photography.I love the place also.ThanksReplyDelete
Hey Very Nice Blog!!! Thanks For Sharing!!!!ReplyDelete
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If you haven't caught on yet, I've become a big fan of the hit CW series, Arrow. It has really turned out to be a great show so far. Lots of great talent working on it. There has also been more than a few DC characters that have debuted on the show so far too. The ratings for the series have been the best for the network in recent years. So what am I getting at? Well it seems this all adds up to The CW renewing Arrow for another season. So we will get to follow Oliver Queen for at least one more season, but hopefully this is just the first of many more to come. It was also announced The CW renewed Supernatural and The Vampire Diaries for another season each too. You can read the press announcement after the jump. (Source: The CW)
"Arrow," "The Vampire Diaries" and "Supernatural" to Return Next Season
The CW Network has given early pickups to three of its hit series for next season, including freshman hit ARROW, its top-rated drama THE VAMPIRE DIARIES and fan favorite SUPERNATURAL, it was announced today by Mark Pedowitz, President, The CW. All three shows will return in Fall 2013.
"We said last year that one of our goals was to establish building blocks to grow on, and now with our new hit ARROW and fan favorite SUPERNATURAL on Wednesday night, and the continued success of THE VAMPIRE DIARIES on Thursday, we've been able to do that," said Pedowitz. "Not only do ARROW, SUPERNATURAL, and THE VAMPIRE DIARIES perform well on-air, they're also extremely successful for us both digitally and socially. I'm thrilled to have all three shows returning to our schedule next season."
One of the true breakout hits of the season, ARROW posted The CW's best series premiere since 2009 and currently stands as the network's most watched show (4.3mil). Heading into its fifth season next fall, THE VAMPIRE DIARIES remains The CW's highest rated series in target demographics, including adults 18-34 and women 18-34. THE VAMPIRE DIARIES also continues to be one of the network's top performing shows digitally and socially; in fact, THE VAMPIRE DIARIES recently topped Trendrr's list as network TV's #1 social program for the week of January 21–27
The Winchester brothers of SUPERNATURAL will continue to fight the forces of evil for a ninth season. Since being paired with ARROW on Wednesday this year, SUPERNATURAL has seen a dramatic uptick in its ratings from last season, rising 15% among total viewers, 10% in adults 18-34 and 18% in adults 18-49.


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So yesterday's visit was the first time I have seen him for 2 months although Trevor has been several times without me. We took filled baguettes in with us as one problem we have discovered is that John has no time for the use by dates on food, he buys food cheap from his local Market, he knows they are that cheap because they are on their sell by date but he sees no problem with still eating it months later! Being 'country folk' I think he is used to food being looked at differently, he doesn't expect his food to be pristine from a supermarket, he is happy with veg straight from the ground etc and his stomach is obviously tuned to his eating habits as he doesnt suffer from eating the other half of a pie a week after he has had the first half for dinner. But after discovering he was using rancid butter on his toast in the mornings (dated a year ago) we usually take food in with us as our townie spoilt stomachs can't take it.
I settled into the reclining garden chair that he always puts in the conservatory for me, he had placed a punnet of strawberries next to me as he knows how much I adore them, mind you every time I reached for one thousands of fruit flies took off from the fruit, a bit off putting. But who would moan when they are looking out at this
His beloved garden. I spent all afternoon sitting looking out at this beautiful garden, we walked round it and he pointed out his vegetable plot and how well they are all doing and of course we stopped for a quick word at the little plot he has made for Laura where her ashes are buried under a rose bush.
We ordered in Chinese for dinner as this is a treat he looks forward to when we visit and as always he gathered up the leftovers for next days dinner. Scraps that can't be kept for human consumption are put out for the many birds he has lovingly fed over the years. We have watched as many as 6 pheasants visit him on previous visits. We talked and laughed and commiserated with each other about our health problems, he tried,as he always does to get me to go and stay with him for a break and I promised as I always do to give it some thought. I left as I always do feeling rested, happy and pleased to have seen him. I love my father in law.
Father and son.
- Posted using BlogPress from my iPad


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So I think I have been doing to much hiking and running around, my knees are all messed up. so today I did nothing, well I wouldn't say nothing. I did tubular glue my fingers together and then I sat around eating cereal. and you remember all that fish I caught, well. Time to eat.
Monday, September 18, 2006
Look you idiot first of all....
Posted by RickyFederau at 6:56 PM
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text: An informal Creamery District Working Group met 13 times during 2012 and 2013 to plan for the creation of the Creamery District. A diverse cross-section of neighborhood property and business owners, artists, government representatives and community members met with the staff and Board of Directors of Playhouse Arts over these two years. The non-profit organization, Playhouse Arts, served as the fiscal manager for the fledgling Creamery District organization. Jackie Dandeneau, Playhouse Arts Executive Director, wrote numerous grant proposals and hired Frances Beatty and Fawn Scheer on a contract basis to help with planning, organization, documentation, grant writing and public meeting facilitation. See the list of Significant Creamery District Activities to see all the accomplishments of the Creamery District in 2012-2013.


text: The siege of Haarlem was a episode within the Eight years war. From the years of 11 December 1572.AD – 13 July 1573.AD ended onthisday in history. The army of Philip II of Spain laid a bloody siege to the city of Haarleem in Netherlands who had the loyalties begun a major wavering during the previous summer. However after the battle of Haarlemmermeer and defeat the land relief force, the starved city later surrender and the Garrison was massacred. Never less the resistances was seen as a example of Heroic by the Orangist at the Siege of Alkmaar.


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Ray L. Smith
Ray L. Smith
Major General Ray L. Smith
|United States of America
|United States Marine Corps
|Years of service
|Major General
|Commands held
|2nd Battalion, 8th Marines
8th Marine Regiment
3rd Marine Division
Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune
|Vietnam War
- Tet Offensive
|Navy Cross
Navy Distinguished Service Medal
- Defense DSM
- Navy and Marine Corps DSM
Silver Star (2)
Legion of Merit (2)
Bronze Star
Purple Heart (3)
|Other work
Ray L. Smith is a retired United States Marine Corps major general. Smith is a highly decorated Marine who has commanded infantry units at all levels. His awards received for service in combat during the Vietnam War include the Navy Cross, two Silver Stars, the Bronze Star, and three Purple Hearts. MajGen Smith retired from the Marine Corps in 1999 after almost 34 years of service. In 2003, after nearly four years of retirement, Smith went to Iraq with the 1st Marine Division; and penned an eyewitness account of the march from Kuwait to Baghdad — The March Up: Taking Baghdad with the 1st Marine Division.[1][2]
Marine Corps career[edit]
Smith is a native of Oklahoma. He enlisted in the Marine Corps in Montana in December 1965. He graduated as the Platoon and Series Honorman at Marine Corps Recruit Depot, San Diego in 1966. In March 1967, he graduated from Officer Candidates School and from The Basic School in August 1967.
Vietnam War[edit]
During his first tour in Vietnam, Lt. Smith served as a Platoon (4 months) and Company Commander (9 months) in Alpha 1/1, seeing combat action in Hue, Khe Sanh, the Rockpile, Con Thien, "Dodge City" and south of Da Nang. He was awarded the Silver Star for his actions during the Tet Offensive.[1] He was awarded a second Silver Star for actions on hill 689 at KheSanh in early July.
His next assignment was in the 5th Marine Division at Camp Pendleton, California where he served in 3/28 as a Platoon Commander, Company Commander and as interim Aide for General Ross Dwyer. In November 1969, Lt. Smith was assigned to a one-year Vietnamese Language School in Arlington, Virginia. In late 1970, he returned to Camp Pendleton for duty on an Interrogation Team for four months and was then assigned to 2/5 until he was sent to the John F. Kennedy School of Special Warfare at Ft. Bragg, North Carolina.
Captain Smith returned to Vietnam in November 1971 for duty with the Marine Advisory Unit. He was with the Vietnamese Marines during the Easter Offensive and Counter Offensive of 1972.
After this tour Captain Smith was assigned as a student at the Amphibious Warfare School in Quantico, Virginia and then, from 1973 to 1976, as a Company XO, SPC and Tactics Instructor at The Basic School. In July 1976, he was ordered to MEPCOM at Ft. Sheridan, Illinois, where he served two years as the Secretary to the General Staff. He was promoted to Major in August 1977.
Major Smith was selected to participate in the Bootstrap Program and reported to Oklahoma State in August 1978. He earned a Bachelor's Degree in Asian Studies in January 1980 and was then transferred to the Armed Forces Staff College in Norfolk, Virginia.
In July 1980, Major Smith reported to Camp Lejeune, North Carolina and was assigned as the Executive Officer (XO) of 2nd Battalion, 8th Marines until July 1981 when he was assigned as the operation officer (S-3) of the 8th Marine Regiment. In 1983, now LtCol. Smith, after assignments as the XO of the 8th Marine Regiment and as the Assistant Chief of Staff (G-3) OPS of the 2nd Marine Division, took command of the 2nd Battalion, 8th Marine Regiment. He commanded BLT 2/8 in Grenada and Beirut.
LtCol. Smith next attended the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island where he earned a Master's Degree in Military Science. While there, he also earned a Master's Degree in International Relations from Salve Regina College. In July 1985, he reported to Headquarters Marine Corps for assignments in Training and then in Operations. Returning to Camp Lejeune in May 1988, Lt. Col. Smith took command of the 8th Marine Regiment.
He was promoted to Colonel in November 1988. In July 1990, Colonel Smith was assigned to the Joint Staff at The Pentagon where he was Chief, Asia-Pacific Branch, J5. He was selected for promotion to brigadier general in December 1991.
As a general officer, Smith's his assignments were: Deputy Commanding General (CG), Marine Corps Bases, Japan; CG, 3rd Marine Division; Assistant Chief of Staff for Plans and Policy, CJ-5, Combined Forces Command, United States Forces Korea; Deputy CG, II MEF; CG, Marine Corps Base, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina.
Major General Smith retired on September 1, 1999. On his last day of active duty, he gave the Convocation address at Campbell University and received an Honorary Doctorate of Laws.
In retirement[edit]
Since retiring, MajGen. Smith opened a consulting business, E-tool Enterprises, and was a partner in Neuse Timber Land Company. Smith served as the president of the board developing the Marine Corps Museum of the Carolinas, on the Board of BOLD, and the Board of Caring Communities. He has served on the Jacksonville USO Executive Council, and the Board of Jacksonville-Onslow Chamber of Commerce 2000-2001 He was also inducted into the Oklahoma Military Hall of Fame and received the Downeast NCOA Mack McKinney Award. He was also a member of the North Carolina Advisory Commission on Military Affairs.
Smith is the co-author, with Bing West, of The March Up: Taking Baghdad with the 1st Marine Division. The book is an eyewitness account of the 1st Marine Division's march from Kuwait to Baghdad at the beginning of the Iraq War.[3]
Smith is a founder and currently serves as Chairman of Sandboxx, a company dedicated to providing communication and life style management tools for military members and their families.[citation needed]
Awards and decorations[edit]
General Smith's personal decorations include:
Captain Ray L. Smith was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions on April 1, 1972, when he was acting as an advisor to the Vietnamese Marine Corps. His citation reads:[4]
The Navy Cross is presented to Ray L. Smith, Captain, U.S. Marine Corps, for extraordinary heroism during the period March 30, to April 1, 1972 while serving as advisor to a Vietnamese Command group numbering approximately 250 Vietnamese Marines located on a small hilltop outpost in the Republic of Vietnam. With the Command Group repulsing several savage enemy assaults, and subjected to a continuing hail of fire from an attacking force estimated to be of two-battalion strength, Captain Smith repeatedly exposed himself to the heavy fire while directing friendly air support. When adverse weather conditions precluded further close air support, he attempted to lead the group, now reduced to only 28 Vietnamese Marines, to the safety of friendly lines. An enemy soldier opened fire upon the Marines at the precise moment that they had balked when encountering an outer defensive ring of barbed wire. Captain Smith returned accurate fire, disposing of the attacker, and then threw himself backwards on top of the booby-trap-infested wire barrier. Swiftly, the remaining Marines moved over the crushed wire, stepping on Captain Smith's prostrate body, until all had passed safely through the barrier. Although suffering severe cuts and bruises, Captain Smith succeeded in leading the Marines to the safety of friendly lines. His great personal valor and unrelenting devotion to duty reflected the highest credit upon himself, the Marine Corps and the United States Naval Service.
- MajGen Ray L. Smith, USMC (ret) and Bing West (2003). The March Up: Taking Baghdad with the 1st Marine Division. Bantam. ISBN 0-553-80376-X.
... is a first-hand account of the tactics and strategy of the war
- ^ a b Steinkopff, 2003.
- ^ Ray L. Smith and Bing West (September 9, 2003). The March Up: Taking Baghdad with the 1st Marine Division. Bantam. ISBN 0-553-80376-X.
- ^ Gal Perl Finkel, General Mattis: A warrior diplomat, The Jerusalem Post, December 12, 2016.
- ^ "US Marine Corps Awards - Vietnam". Full Text Citations For Award of The Navy Cross. HomeofHeroes.com. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-05-20.
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Marine Corps.
- "Official Biography: Major General Ray L. Smith". Biographies: General Officers and Senior Executives. Manpower and Reserve Affairs, United States Marine Corps. Archived from the original on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2007-05-19.
- Steinkopff, Eric (March 7, 2003). "General heading to Gulf". City Junction. Archived from the original on 2003-03-07. Retrieved 2007-05-20.
Further reading[edit]
- Jones, Charles (2006). Boys of '67: From Vietnam to Iraq, the Extraordinary Story of a Few Good Men. Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-8117-0163-8. Recounts the lives and careers of Gen. James L. Jones, MajGen Ray L. Smith, and LtGen Martin R. Steele, from the Basic School, to Vietnam, to Iraq, to present.
External links[edit]
- MajGen Ray Smith, USMC (ret.) and Bing West (August 1, 2003). "Implications from Iraqi Freedom for the Marine Corps". Westwrite. Retrieved 2007-05-19.
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Living people
- American military historians
- American male non-fiction writers
- People from Oklahoma
- Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States)
- Recipients of the Silver Star
- Recipients of the Legion of Merit
- American Marine Corps personnel of the Vietnam War
- Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
- Order of National Security Merit members
- Recipients of the Gallantry Cross (Vietnam)
- United States Marine Corps generals
- Recipients of the Defense Distinguished Service Medal
- Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal


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Irrfan got tensed for his new song
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